FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mallard, WG Andriamaharavo, NR Mirokhin, YA Halket, JM Stein, SE AF Mallard, W. Gary Andriamaharavo, N. Rabe Mirokhin, Yuri A. Halket, John M. Stein, Stephen E. TI Creation of Libraries of Recurring Mass Spectra from Large Data Sets Assisted by a Dual-Column Workflow SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLITE IDENTIFICATION; COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; SIMCA AB An analytical methodology has been developed for extracting recurrent unidentified spectra (RUS) from large GC/MS data sets. Spectra were first extracted from original data files by the Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS; Stein, S. E. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1999 , 10 , 770 - 781 ) using settings designed to minimize spurious spectra, followed by searching the NIST library with all unidentified spectra. The spectra that could not be identified were then filtered to remove poorly deconvoluted data and clustered. The results were assumed to be unidentified components. This was tested by requiring each unidentified spectrum to be found in two chromatographic columns with slightly different stationary phases. This methodology has been applied to a large set of pediatric urine samples. A library of spectra and retention indices for derivatized urine components, both identified and recurrent unidentified, has been created and is available for download. C1 [Mallard, W. Gary; Andriamaharavo, N. Rabe; Mirokhin, Yuri A.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halket, John M.] Kings Coll London, Mass Spectrometry Facil, London SE1 9NH, England. [Halket, John M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med, London W6 8RP, England. RP Mallard, WG (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gary.mallard@nist.gov OI Mallard, Wm. Gary/0000-0003-2158-5098 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 20 BP 10231 EP 10238 DI 10.1021/ac502379x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AR5QY UT WOS:000343639800034 PM 25233296 ER PT J AU Smith, KS Ranville, JF Lesher, EK Diedrich, DJ McKnight, DM Sofield, RM AF Smith, Kathleen S. Ranville, James F. Lesher, Emily K. Diedrich, Daniel J. McKnight, Diane M. Sofield, Ruth M. TI Fractionation of Fulvic Acid by Iron and Aluminum Oxides-Influence on Copper Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH GILLS; WATER CHEMISTRY; FATHEAD MINNOWS AB This study examines the effect on aquatic copper toxicity of the chemical fractionation of fulvic acid (FA) that results from its association with iron and aluminum oxyhydroxide precipitates. Fractionated and unfractionated FAs obtained from streamwater and suspended sediment were utilized in acute Cu toxicity tests on Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity test results with equal FA concentrations (6 mg FA/L) show that the fractionated dissolved FA was 3 times less effective at reducing Cu toxicity (EC50 13 +/- 0.6 mu g Cu/L) than were the unfractionated dissolved FAs (EC50 39 +/- 0.4 and 41 +/- 1.2 mu g Cu/L). The fractionation is a consequence of preferential sorption of molecules having strong metal-binding (more aromatic) moieties to precipitating Fe- and Al-rich oxyhydroxides, causing the remaining dissolved FA to be depleted in these functional groups. As a result, there is more bioavailable dissolved Cu in the water and hence greater potential for Cu toxicity to aquatic organisms. In predicting Cu toxicity, biotic ligand models (BLMs) take into account dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration; however, unless DOC characteristics are accounted for, model predictions can underestimate acute Cu toxicity for water containing fractionated dissolved FA. This may have implications for water-quality criteria in systems containing Fe- and Al-rich sediment, and in mined and mineralized areas in particular. Optical measurements, such as specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), show promise for use as spectral indicators of DOC chemical fractionation and inferred increased Cu toxicity. C1 [Smith, Kathleen S.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lesher, Emily K.] St Josephs Coll Maine, Dept Nat Sci, Standish, ME 04084 USA. [Diedrich, Daniel J.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 87131 USA. [Sofield, Ruth M.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046 MS 964D, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ksmith@usgs.gov; jranvill@mines.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program [R 82951501-0, R 82950001] FX Funding for this study was provided through the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources and Toxic Substances Hydrology Programs and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program (Grants R 82951501-0 and R 82950001). We thank Ellie Marie Traudt (Colorado School of Mines) for her help with OriginPro software. Comments from Laurie Balistrieri (USGS) and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 20 BP 11934 EP 11943 DI 10.1021/es502243m PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5RJ UT WOS:000343640900024 PM 25289694 ER PT J AU Fry, JL Draper, DC Barsanti, KC Smith, JN Ortega, J Winkle, PM Lawler, MJ Brown, SS Edwards, PM Cohen, RC Lee, L AF Fry, Juliane L. Draper, Danielle C. Barsanti, Kelley C. Smith, James N. Ortega, John Winkle, Paul M. Lawler, Michael J. Brown, Steven S. Edwards, Peter M. Cohen, Ronald C. Lee, Lance TI Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Organic Nitrate Yield from NO3 Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOA FORMATION; ALPHA-PINENE; PARTICLE FORMATION; GAS; RADICALS; PRODUCT; MODEL; EMISSIONS; MONOTERPENES; ISOPRENE AB The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields from NO3 oxidation of a series of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), consisting of five monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, Delta-3-carene, limonene, sabinene, and beta-caryophyllene), were investigated in a series of continuous flow experiments in a 10 m(3) indoor Teflon chamber. By making in situ measurements of the nitrate radical and employing a kinetics box model, we generate time-dependent yield curves as a function of reacted BVOC. SOA yields varied dramatically among the different BVOCs, from zero for alpha-pinene to 38-65% for Delta-3-carene and 86% for beta-caryophyllene at mass loading of 10 mu g m(-3), suggesting that model mechanisms that treat all NO3 + monoterpene reactions equally will lead to errors in predicted SOA depending on each location's mix of BVOC emissions. In most cases, organonitrate is a dominant component of the aerosol produced, but in the case of alpha-pinene, little organonitrate and no aerosol is formed. C1 [Fry, Juliane L.; Draper, Danielle C.] Reed Coll, Chem Dept, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Barsanti, Kelley C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Smith, James N.; Ortega, John; Winkle, Paul M.; Lawler, Michael J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, James N.; Lawler, Michael J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 80130, Eastern Finland, Finland. [Brown, Steven S.; Edwards, Peter M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Edwards, Peter M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Lee, Lance] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fry, JL (reprint author), Reed Coll, Chem Dept, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM fry@reed.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; FU NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program [NA13OAR4310070]; Finnish Academy [251007]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006861]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3198-N21]; National Science Foundation FX J.L.F. gratefully acknowledges sabbatical support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scholars Program, and J.L.F. and S.S.B. acknowledge funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program (Grant No. NA13OAR4310070). We thank Serena Chung, Peter McMurry, Paul Ziemann, and John Orlando for helpful discussions. J.N.S. acknowledges funding from the Finnish Academy (Grant No. 251007) and U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-SC0006861). P.M.W. acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, Project No. J3198-N21). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 12 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 20 BP 11944 EP 11953 DI 10.1021/es502204x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5RJ UT WOS:000343640900025 PM 25229208 ER PT J AU Amornthammarong, N Ortner, PB Hendee, J Woosley, R AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon Ortner, Peter B. Hendee, James Woosley, Ryan TI A simplified coulometric method for multi-sample measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in marine waters SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; FLOW-ANALYSIS; SEAWATER; SYSTEM; PH; OCEAN AB A new system requiring greatly reduced operator intervention has been developed for the determination of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in marine waters. Based on a coulometric method, the system has an accuracy and precision comparable to more complex and expensive methods currently employed. A syringe pump equipped with a 12-port distribution valve is used to precisely dispense an acid solution and sample into a gas stripper. The system can autonomously measure eight discrete samples in duplicate or triplicate with no operator input. The best precision (%RSD) obtained was 0.022% (n = 14) or less than +/- 1.0 mu mol kg(-1). The system is calibrated against a certified reference material (CRM). Average offset from the CRM was 1.2 mu mol kg(-1). Sample throughput was 4 samples per h. Carryover effects are negligible but field sample analyses suggest that prefiltering may be necessary in highly turbid waters. C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Hendee, James] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Woosley, Ryan] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Amornthammarong, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM natchanon.amornthammarong@noaa.gov RI Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011; OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865; Woosley, Ryan/0000-0002-2008-7751 FU NOAA/OAR Ocean Acidification Program; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) [NA67RJ0149]; Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX We would like to thank Dr Rik Wanninkhof, Esa Peltola and Charles Featherstone for their advice and assistance in developing the system and the financial support provided from the NOAA/OAR Ocean Acidification Program. We thank Dr Kuan Huang at Department of Geosciences, Princeton University for samples from Delaware Bay and Delaware River, DE. We also thank Dr Derek Manzello for samples from Flower Garden Banks, TX. This research was supported through the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) under Cooperative Agreement #NA67RJ0149 and conducted in collaboration with the Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UM, NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD OCT 21 PY 2014 VL 139 IS 20 BP 5263 EP 5270 DI 10.1039/c4an01049c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AP9IQ UT WOS:000342393900030 PM 25136787 ER PT J AU Attota, R Kavuri, PP Kang, H Kasica, R Chen, L AF Attota, Ravikiran Kavuri, Premsagar Purushotham Kang, Hyeonggon Kasica, Richard Chen, Lei TI Nanoparticle size determination using optical microscopes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CELLS AB We present a simple method for size determination of nanoparticles using conventional optical microscopes. The method, called through-focus scanning optical microscopy, makes use of the four-dimensional optical information collected at different focus positions. Low partial coherence illumination combined with analysis of through-focus optical content enables nanoparticle size determination with nanometer scale sensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate this using fabricated Si nanodots and spherical gold nanoparticles. The method is economical, as no hardware modifications to conventional optical microscopes are needed. In addition, the method also has high throughput and potential for soft nanoparticle size determination without distortion. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Kavuri, Premsagar Purushotham; Kang, Hyeonggon] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kasica, Richard; Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov OI Attota, Ravikiran/0000-0002-0729-2435 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 16 AR 163105 DI 10.1063/1.4900484 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS6GS UT WOS:000344363000071 ER PT J AU Li, RB Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Li, Runbing Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Fast, high-fidelity, all-optical and dynamically-controlled polarization gate using room-temperature atomic vapor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM LOGIC AB We demonstrate a fast, all-optical polarization gate in a room-temperature atomic medium. Using a Polarization-Selective-Kerr-Phase-Shift (PSKPS) technique, we selectively write a pi phase shift to one circularly-polarized component of a linearly-polarized input signal field. The output signal field maintains its original strength but acquires a 90 degrees linear polarization rotation, demonstrating fast, high-fidelity, dynamically-controlled polarization gate operation. The intensity of the polarization-switching field used in this PKSPK-based polarization gate operation is only 2 mW/cm(2), which would be equivalent to 0.5nW of light power (lambda = 800 nm) confined in a typical commercial photonic hollow-core fiber. This development opens a realm of possibilities for potential future extremely low light level telecommunication and information processing systems. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, Runbing; Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Runbing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, Runbing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Li, RB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 16 AR 161103 DI 10.1063/1.4898857 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS6GS UT WOS:000344363000003 ER PT J AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Deschenes, JD Swann, WC Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Baumann, E. Giorgetta, F. R. Deschenes, J. -D. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Comb-calibrated laser ranging for three-dimensional surface profiling with micrometer-level precision at a distance SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE LADAR; OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; CHIRP LINEARIZATION; DIODE-LASER; ACCURACY; INTERFEROMETRY; NOISE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATISTICS; PULSES AB Non-contact surface mapping at a distance is interesting in diverse applications including industrial metrology, manufacturing, forensics, and artifact documentation and preservation. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser detection and ranging (LADAR) is a promising approach since it offers shot-noise limited precision/accuracy, high resolution and high sensitivity. We demonstrate a scanning imaging system based on a frequency-comb calibrated FMCW LADAR and real-time digital signal processing. This system can obtain three-dimensional images of a diffusely scattering surface at stand-off distances up to 10.5 m with sub-micrometer accuracy and with a precision below 10 mu m, limited by fundamental speckle noise. Because of its shot-noise limited sensitivity, this comb-calibrated FMCW LADAR has a large dynamic range, which enables precise mapping of scenes with vastly differing reflectivities such as metal, dirt or vegetation. The current system is implemented with fiber-optic components, but the basic system architecture is compatible with future optically integrated, on-chip systems. Work of the US government and not subject to copyright. C1 [Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Deschenes, J. -D.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 FU DARPA EPHI; NIST FX We acknowledge helpful comments from P. Williams and C. Cromer and funding from DARPA EPHI and NIST. We also acknowledge ACT Denver for technical assistance. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 44 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 21 BP 24914 EP 24928 DI 10.1364/OE.22.024914 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA AS0ZF UT WOS:000344004600029 PM 25401525 ER PT J AU Bizzarro, JJ Broms, KM Logsdon, MG Ebert, DA Yoklavich, MM Kuhnz, LA Summers, AP AF Bizzarro, Joseph J. Broms, Kristin M. Logsdon, Miles G. Ebert, David A. Yoklavich, Mary M. Kuhnz, Linda A. Summers, Adam P. TI Spatial Segregation in Eastern North Pacific Skate Assemblages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NO-TAKE ZONE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; GEORGES BANK; BERING-SEA; BATHYRAJA-INTERRUPTA; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; LEUCORAJA-OCELLATA AB Skates (Rajiformes: Rajoidei) are common mesopredators in marine benthic communities. The spatial associations of individual species and the structure of assemblages are of considerable importance for effective monitoring and management of exploited skate populations. This study investigated the spatial associations of eastern North Pacific (ENP) skates in continental shelf and upper continental slope waters of two regions: central California and the western Gulf of Alaska. Long-term survey data were analyzed using GIS/spatial analysis techniques and regression models to determine distribution (by depth, temperature, and latitude/longitude) and relative abundance of the dominant species in each region. Submersible video data were incorporated for California to facilitate habitat association analysis. We addressed three main questions: 1) Are there regions of differential importance to skates?, 2) Are ENP skate assemblages spatially segregated?, and 3) When skates co-occur, do they differ in size? Skate populations were highly clustered in both regions, on scales of 10s of kilometers; however, high-density regions (i.e., hot spots) were segregated among species. Skate densities and frequencies of occurrence were substantially lower in Alaska as compared to California. Although skates are generally found on soft sediment habitats, Raja rhina exhibited the strongest association with mixed substrates, and R. stellulata catches were greatest on rocky reefs. Size segregation was evident in regions where species overlapped substantially in geographic and depth distribution (e. g., R. rhina and Bathyraja kincaidii off California; B. aleutica and B. interrupta in the Gulf of Alaska). Spatial niche differentiation in skates appears to be more pronounced than previously reported. C1 [Bizzarro, Joseph J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Broms, Kristin M.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Logsdon, Miles G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ebert, David A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Yoklavich, Mary M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Kuhnz, Linda A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Summers, Adam P.] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Bizzarro, JJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM bizzarro@u.washington.edu OI Summers, Adam/0000-0003-1930-9748 FU North Pacific Research Board [510, 621]; Williams-Mystic Seaport Program; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington; NOAA/NMFS; PSRC; NSF [IOS-1256602] FX Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board under Project 510, Project 621, and via a Graduate Student Research Award in the amount of $20,000 to the senior author (JJB); the Williams-Mystic Seaport Program; the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington; NOAA/NMFS to the National Shark Research Consortium and PSRC; and an NSF Grant (IOS-1256602) to APS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109907 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109907 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0AY UT WOS:000343942100035 PM 25329312 ER PT J AU Seibel, EM Roudebush, JH Ali, MN Ross, KA Cava, RJ AF Seibel, Elizabeth M. Roudebush, John H. Ali, Mazhar N. Ross, K. A. Cava, R. J. TI Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Spin-1/2-Based Honeycomb NaNi2BiO6-delta and Its Hydrate NaNi2BiO6-delta center dot 1.7H(2)O SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ION BATTERIES; SODIUM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; OXIDES; MG; DELAFOSSITES; LATTICES; LAYERS AB We present the structure and magnetic properties of the honeycomb anhydrate NaNi2BiO6-delta and its monolayer hydrate NaNi2BiO6-delta center dot 1.7H(2)O, synthesized by deintercalation of the layered alpha-NaFeO2-type honeycomb compound Na3Ni2BiO6. The anhydrate adopts ABAB-type oxygen packing and a one-layer hexagonal unit cell, whereas the hydrate adopts an oxygen packing sequence based on a three-layer rhombohedral subcell. The metal-oxide layer separations are 5.7 angstrom in the anhydrate and 7.1 angstrom in the hydrate, making the hydrate a quasi 2-D honeycomb system. The compounds were characterized through single crystal diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show both to have negative Weiss temperatures (-18.5 and -14.6 K, respectively) and similar magnetic moments (2.21 and 2.26 mu(B)/Ni, respectively), though the field-dependent magnetization and heat capacity data suggest subtle differences in their magnetic behavior. The magnetic moments per Ni are relatively high, which we suggest is due to the presence of a mixture of Ni2+ and Ni3+ caused by oxygen vacancies. C1 [Seibel, Elizabeth M.; Roudebush, John H.; Ali, Mazhar N.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seibel, EM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM eseibel@princeton.edu; rcava@princeton.edu RI Ali, Mazhar/C-6473-2013; OI Ali, Mazhar/0000-0002-1129-6105; Seibel, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6728-5376 FU DOE through Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University [DEFG02-08ER45644] FX This work was supported by the DOE through the Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University, Grant DEFG02-08ER45644. The authors would like to thank Girija Sahasrabudhe and Dr. Rob L'Esperance for helpful discussions. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 20 BP 10989 EP 10995 DI 10.1021/ic501390r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AR3ZL UT WOS:000343527700027 PM 25275809 ER PT J AU Stawarz, L Szostek, A Cheung, CC Siemiginowska, A Koziel-Wierzbowska, D Werner, N Simionescu, A Madejski, G Begelman, MC Harris, DE Ostrowski, M Hagino, K AF Stawarz, L. Szostek, A. Cheung, C. C. Siemiginowska, A. Koziel-Wierzbowska, D. Werner, N. Simionescu, A. Madejski, G. Begelman, M. C. Harris, D. E. Ostrowski, M. Hagino, K. TI ON THE INTERACTION OF THE PKS B1358-113 RADIO GALAXY WITH THE A1836 CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (PKS B1358-114); galaxies: jets; intergalactic medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; LARGE-SCALE SHOCK; X-RAY-EMISSION; INVERSE-COMPTON EMISSION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; CENTIMETER VLA SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LESS-THAN 0.3; XMM-NEWTON AB Here we present the analysis of multifrequency data gathered for the Fanaroff-Riley type-II (FR II) radio galaxy PKS B1358-113, hosted in the brightest cluster galaxy in the center of A1836. The galaxy harbors one of the most massive black holes known to date, and our analysis of the acquired optical data reveals that this black hole is only weakly active, with a mass accretion rate (M) over dot(acc) similar to 2 x 10(-4) (M) over dot(Edd) similar to 0.02 M-circle dot yr(-1). Based on analysis of new Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations and archival radio data, and assuming the well-established model for the evolution of FR II radio galaxies, we derive the preferred range for the jet kinetic luminosity L-j similar to (1-6) x 10(-3) L-Edd similar to (0.5-3) x 10(45) erg s(-1). This is above the values implied by various scaling relations proposed for radio sources in galaxy clusters, being instead very close to the maximum jet power allowed for the given accretion rate. We also constrain the radio source lifetime as tau(j) similar to 40-70 Myr, meaning the total amount of deposited jet energy E-tot similar to (2-8) x 10(60) erg. We argue that approximately half of this energy goes into shock heating of the surrounding thermal gas, and the remaining 50% is deposited into the internal energy of the jet cavity. The detailed analysis of the X-ray data provides indication for the presence of a bow shock driven by the expanding radio lobes into the A1836 cluster environment. We derive the corresponding shock Mach number in the range M-sh similar to 2-4, which is one of the highest claimed for clusters or groups of galaxies. This, together with the recently growing evidence that powerful FR II radio galaxies may not be uncommon in the centers of clusters at higher redshifts, supports the idea that jet-induced shock heating may indeed play an important role in shaping the properties of clusters, galaxy groups, and galaxies in formation. In this context, we speculate on a possible bias against detecting stronger jet-driven shocks in poorer environments, resulting from inefficient electron heating at the shock front, combined with a relatively long electron-ion temperature equilibration timescale. C1 [Stawarz, L.; Simionescu, A.; Hagino, K.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Szostek, A.; Koziel-Wierzbowska, D.; Ostrowski, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Szostek, A.; Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Szostek, A.; Werner, N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Siemiginowska, A.; Harris, D. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stawarz, L (reprint author), JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. EM stawarz@astro.isas.jaxa.jp OI , kouichi/0000-0003-4235-5304 FU Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; Chandra grant [GO0-11144X]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y, NAS8-03060] FX L.S. and M.O. were supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. A.Sz. and G.M. were supported by Chandra grant GO0-11144X. Work by C.C.C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. Support for A.S. was provided by NASA contract NAS8-03060. The authors thank the anonymous referee for critical reading of the submitted manuscript and constructive comments which helped to improve the paper. NR 177 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 794 IS 2 AR 164 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/164 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ8OF UT WOS:000343085800068 ER PT J AU Hellsing, MS Kwaambwa, HM Nermark, FM Nkoane, BBM Jackson, AJ Wasbrough, MJ Berts, I Porcar, L Rennie, AR AF Hellsing, Maja S. Kwaambwa, Habauka M. Nermark, Fiona M. Nkoane, Bonang B. M. Jackson, Andrew J. Wasbrough, Matthew J. Berts, Ida Porcar, Lionel Rennie, Adrian R. TI Structure of flocs of latex particles formed by addition of protein from Moringa seeds SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloids and Surfaces a Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Conference CY SEP 01-06, 2013 CL European Cooperat Sci & Technol, Sofia, BULGARIA SP BAS, Inst Phys Chem, Dept Interfaces & Colloids, SU, Fac Chem & Pharm, Dept Phys Chem HO European Cooperat Sci & Technol DE Flocculation; Fractal aggregates; Protein adsorption ID CLUSTER-CLUSTER AGGREGATION; WATER-TREATMENT PROTEIN; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; OLEIFERA SEEDS; COLLOIDAL AGGREGATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FRACTAL SYSTEMS; ACTIVE AGENTS; COAGULATION AB Proteins extracted from the seeds of Moringa trees are effective flocculents for particles dispersed in water and are attractive as a natural and sustainable product for use in water purification. Studies with a model system consisting of polystyrene latex particles have shown that the protein adsorbs to the surface and causes flocculation as unusually dense aggregates. Small-angle neutron scattering that exploits contrast matching of deuterated latex particles dispersed in D2O to highlight bound protein has shown that the adsorbed amount reaches about 3 mg m(-2). The particles form very compact flocs that are characterized by fractal dimensions that approach the theoretical maximum of 3. Ultra small-angle neutron scattering allows these flocs to be characterized for a range of particle and protein concentrations. Proteins from two species of Moringa trees were investigated. The protein from Moringa stenopetala seeds gave rise to slightly lower fractal dimensions compared to Moringa oleifera, but still much larger than values observed for conventional ionic or polymeric flocculents that are in the range 1.75-2.3. Compact flocs are desirable for efficient separation of impurities and dewatering of sludge as well as other applications. A trend of increasing fractal dimension with particle concentration was observed when M. stenopetala seed protein was used and this resembles the behaviour predicted in Brownian dynamics simulation of flocculation. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hellsing, Maja S.; Rennie, Adrian R.] Uppsala Univ, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Kwaambwa, Habauka M.] Polytech Namibia, Nat Sci Unit, Windhoek, Namibia. [Nermark, Fiona M.; Nkoane, Bonang B. M.] Univ Botswana, Dept Chem, Gaborone, Botswana. [Jackson, Andrew J.] Lund Univ, European Spallat Source ESS AB & Phys Chem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Wasbrough, Matthew J.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wasbrough, Matthew J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Berts, Ida] Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Dept Chem, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Rennie, AR (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Maja.Hellsing@physics.uu.se; Adrian.Rennie@physics.uu.se RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Swedish Research Council (VR/SIDA) Research Links grant [348-2011-7241]; Office of Research and Development (ORD), University of Botswana FX We are grateful to Anders Olsson who designed the rotating mounts used in the USANS measurements. Anna Kallgren kindly obtained the Moringa stenopetala seeds in Ethiopia. Paul Butler is thanked for encouraging us to perform the USANS experiments. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in the experiments. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. The work in Sweden, Botswana and Namibia has been supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR/SIDA) Research Links grant with reference 348-2011-7241 and in part by the Office of Research and Development (ORD), University of Botswana. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 EI 1873-4359 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD OCT 20 PY 2014 VL 460 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.038 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AP2CO UT WOS:000341880200062 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Koch, PL Fiedler, PC McCarthy, MD AF Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I. Koch, Paul L. Fiedler, Paul C. McCarthy, Matthew D. TI Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes from Top Predator Amino Acids Reveal Rapidly Shifting Ocean Biochemistry in the Outer California Current SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; PLANKTON DELTA-C-13; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CURRENT SYSTEM; CO2; FRACTIONATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ZOOPLANKTON AB Climatic variation alters biochemical and ecological processes, but it is difficult both to quantify the magnitude of such changes, and to differentiate long-term shifts from inter-annual variability. Here, we simultaneously quantify decade-scale isotopic variability at the lowest and highest trophic positions in the offshore California Current System (CCS) by measuring delta N-15 and delta C-13 values of amino acids in a top predator, the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Using a time series of skin tissue samples as a biological archive, isotopic records from individual amino acids (AAs) can reveal the proximate factors driving a temporal decline we observed in bulk isotope values (a decline of >= 1 %) by decoupling changes in primary producer isotope values from those linked to the trophic position of this toothed whale. A continuous decline in baseline (i. e., primary producer) delta N-15 and delta C-13 values was observed from 1993 to 2005 (a decrease of similar to 4% for delta N-15 source-AAs and 3% for delta C-13 essential-AAs), while the trophic position of whales was variable over time and it did not exhibit directional trends. The baseline delta N-15 and delta C-13 shifts suggest rapid ongoing changes in the carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in the offshore CCS, potentially occurring at faster rates than long-term shifts observed elsewhere in the Pacific. While the mechanisms forcing these biogeochemical shifts remain to be determined, our data suggest possible links to natural climate variability, and also corresponding shifts in surface nutrient availability. Our study demonstrates that isotopic analysis of individual amino acids from a top marine mammal predator can be a powerful new approach to reconstructing temporal variation in both biochemical cycling and trophic structure. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, Rocio I.; McCarthy, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fiedler, Paul C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rcooley@ucsc.edu FU Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center-National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation(Division of Ocean Sciences) [(OCE)-1155728, OCE-0623622]; University of California, Santa Cruz FX Funding was provided by Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center-National Oceanographic Atmospheric Administration for data collection and isotope analysis and National Science Foundation(Division of Ocean Sciences(OCE)-1155728, and OCE-0623622) for analysis of amino acids and data. Funding for Open Access provided by the University of California, Santa Cruz, Open Access Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e110355 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0110355 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8TF UT WOS:000345204100066 PM 25329915 ER PT J AU Weber, JC Blanchard, PT Sanders, AW Gertsch, JC George, SM Berweger, S Imtiaz, A Coakley, KJ Wallis, TM Bertness, KA Kabos, P Sanford, NA Bright, VM AF Weber, Joel C. Blanchard, Paul T. Sanders, Aric W. Gertsch, Jonas C. George, Steven M. Berweger, Samuel Imtiaz, Atif Coakley, Kevin J. Wallis, Thomas M. Bertness, Kris A. Kabos, Pavel Sanford, Norman A. Bright, Victor M. TI GaN nanowire coated with atomic layer deposition of tungsten: a probe for near-field scanning microwave microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic layer deposition; gallium nitride; molybdenum disulphide; nanowires; scanning microwave microscopy; tungsten ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; GHZ; NANOTUBES; FILMS AB GaN nanowires were coated with tungsten by means of atomic layer deposition. These structures were then adapted as probe tips for near-field scanning microwave microscopy. These probes displayed a capacitive resolution of similar to 0.03 fF, which surpasses that of a commercial Pt tip. Upon imaging of MoS2 sheets with both the Pt and GaN nanowire tips, we found that the nanowire tips were comparatively immune to surface contamination and far more durable than their Pt counterparts. C1 [Weber, Joel C.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Sanders, Aric W.; Berweger, Samuel; Imtiaz, Atif; Coakley, Kevin J.; Wallis, Thomas M.; Bertness, Kris A.; Kabos, Pavel; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weber, Joel C.; Gertsch, Jonas C.; George, Steven M.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joel.Weber@colorado.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 41 AR 415502 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/41/415502 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ1YH UT WOS:000342580300011 PM 25258349 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE Carbin, GW Marsh, PT AF Brooks, Harold E. Carbin, Gregory W. Marsh, Patrick T. TI Increased variability of tornado occurrence in the United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; REANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTS; PARAMETERS AB Whether or not climate change has had an impact on the occurrence of tornadoes in the United States has become a question of high public and scientific interest, but changes in how tornadoes are reported have made it difficult to answer it convincingly. We show that, excluding the weakest tornadoes, the mean annual number of tornadoes has remained relatively constant, but their variability of occurrence has increased since the 1970s. This is due to a decrease in the number of days per year with tornadoes combined with an increase in days with many tornadoes, leading to greater variability on annual and monthly time scales and changes in the timing of the start of the tornado season. C1 [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Carbin, Gregory W.; Marsh, Patrick T.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM harold.brooks@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 17 PY 2014 VL 346 IS 6207 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1126/science.1257460 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ7ZY UT WOS:000343041100044 PM 25324388 ER PT J AU Danil, K St Leger, JA Dennison, S de Quiros, YB Scadeng, M Nilson, E Beaulieu, N AF Danil, Kerri St Leger, Judy A. Dennison, Sophie de Quiros, Yara Bernaldo Scadeng, Miriam Nilson, Erika Beaulieu, Nicole TI Clostridium perfringens septicemia in a long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis: an etiology of gas bubble accumulation in cetaceans SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; Clostridium; Delphinus capensis; Disease; Gas bubble; Gas gangrene; Marine mammals; Strandings ID SEALS; GANGRENE; EMBOLISM; LESIONS AB An adult female long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis live-stranded in La Jolla, California, USA, on July 30, 2012 and subsequently died on the beach. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed gas bubble accumulation in the vasculature, organ parenchyma, mandibular fat pads, and subdermal sheath as well as a gas-filled cavity within the liver, mild caudal abdominal effusion, and fluid in the uterus. Gross examination confirmed these findings and also identified mild ulcerations on the palate, ventral skin, and flukes, uterine necrosis, and multifocal parenchymal cavitations in the brain. Histological review demonstrated necrosis and round clear spaces interpreted as gas bubbles with associated bacterial rods within the brain, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Anaerobic cultures of the lung, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and abdominal fluid yielded Clostridium perfringens, which was further identified as type A via a multiplex PCR assay. The gas composition of sampled bubbles was typical of putrefaction gases, which is consistent with the by-products of C. perfringens, a gas-producing bacterium. Gas bubble formation in marine mammals due to barotrauma, and peri- or postmortem off-gassing of supersaturated tissues and blood has been previously described. This case study concluded that a systemic infection of C. perfringens likely resulted in production of gas and toxins, causing tissue necrosis. C1 [Danil, Kerri; Beaulieu, Nicole] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [St Leger, Judy A.; Nilson, Erika] Sea World San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [de Quiros, Yara Bernaldo] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scadeng, Miriam] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, Ctr Funct MRI, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Danil, K (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kerri.danil@noaa.gov RI Bernaldo de Quiros, Yara/A-3628-2015 OI Bernaldo de Quiros, Yara/0000-0002-2611-0406 FU NOAA Prescott Grant [NA-11NMF4390085]; NMFS Office of Protected Resources, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX We thank Eric Archer, Brittany Hancock-Hanser, and Claire Surrey-Marsden for initial stranding response and CT logistical support, Jeff Hester for necropsy assistance, Sarena Sunico for CT coordination and imaging, and Sea World Laboratory staff. Aspects of this study were funded by NOAA Prescott Grant no. NA-11NMF4390085 and NMFS Office of Protected Resources, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. Thanks to Nick Kellar, Susan Chivers, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 3 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.3354/dao02783 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AU6FY UT WOS:000345700200001 PM 25320031 ER PT J AU Butler, R Burney, D Walsh, D AF Butler, Rhett Burney, David Walsh, David TI Paleotsunami evidence on Kaua'i and numerical modeling of a great Aleutian tsunami SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT LANDSLIDES; EARTHQUAKES; HAWAII; ISLAND AB The Hawaiian Islands' location in the middle of the Pacific Ocean is threatened by tsunamis from great earthquakes in nearly all directions. Historical great earthquakes M-w>8.5 in the last 100 years have produced large inundations and loss of life in the islands but cannot account for a substantial (<= 600m(3)) paleotsunami deposit in the Makauwahi sinkhole on the Island of Kauai. Using high-resolution bathymetry and topography we model tsunami inundation of the sinkhole caused by an earthquake with a moment magnitude of M-w similar to 9.25 located in the eastern Aleutians. A preponderance of evidence indicates that a giant earthquake in the eastern Aleutian Islands circa 1425-1665 A. D.-located between the source regions of the 1946 and 1957 great tsunamigenic earthquakes-created the paleotsunami deposit in Kaua'i. A tsunami deposit in the Aleutians dated circa 1530-1660 A. D. is consistent with this eastern Aleutian source region. C1 [Butler, Rhett] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Burney, David] Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI USA. [Walsh, David] Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Butler, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rgb@hawaii.edu FU Hawaii State Civil Defense; University of Hawai'i (UH) School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; NSF [NSF DEB-9707260]; National Geographic Society FX This work was supported in part by the Hawaii State Civil Defense and by the University of Hawai'i (UH) School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. We thank the Hawai'i Tsunami Mapping Project at UH, led by Kwok Fai Cheung, for providing access to their NEOWAVE tsunami code for high-resolution tsunami forecast simulations. R. B. thanks Yefei Bai for his excellent assistance in running the NEOWAVE code and for thoughtful discussions of the results. R. B. also thanks Gerard Fryer of the NOAA Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, and Kwok Fai Cheung and Yoshiki Yamazaki of UH for many tsunami discussions. Prepublication results from the Sedanka paleotsunami survey from Rob Witter of the U. S. Geological Survey significantly refined the conclusions of this paper. Paleotsunami data for this paper are found at the Makauwahi Cave. Earthquake source parameters used in modeling Figures 2 and 3 are found in the supporting information Table S1. Work on the paleotsunami deposit at Makauwahi Cave has been supported by NSF grant NSF DEB-9707260 to D.B. and additional funding from the National Geographic Society. Thanks to Lida Pigott Burney, staff, and volunteers of the Makauwahi Cave Reserve and the Kaua'i Archaeological Field School for assistance with collection and analysis of the sediments. Thanks also to Grove Farm Company for permission to work on their property. SOEST contribution 9190. HIGP contribution 2048. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6795 EP 6802 DI 10.1002/2014GL061232 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800034 ER PT J AU Balaguru, K Taraphdar, S Leung, LR Foltz, GR Knaff, JA AF Balaguru, Karthik Taraphdar, Sourav Leung, L. Ruby Foltz, Gregory R. Knaff, John A. TI Cyclone-cyclone interactions through the ocean pathway SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; HURRICANE INTENSITY; INTENSIFICATION; TYPHOONS; CLIMATE; PASSAGE AB The intense sea surface temperature cooling caused by tropical cyclone-induced mixing lasts several weeks and may thus influence a later cyclone passing over it. Using a 28 year analysis spanning the North Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Northwest Pacific, we systematically demonstrate that, on average, when tropical cyclones encounter lingering wakes, they experience sea surface temperatures that are similar to 0.25-0.5 degrees C colder. Consequently, the intensification rates are similar to 0.4-0.7 ms(-1)/36 h lower for cyclones when they interact with wakes, consistent with the maximum potential intensity theory. The probability for cyclones to encounter lingering wakes varies positively with cyclone frequency, is similar to 10% on average, and has been as high as 27%-37% in the past. These large interaction probabilities reduce the mean intensification rates for cyclones by 3%-6% on average and by similar to 12%-15% during the most active years. "Cyclone-cyclone interactions" may therefore represent a mechanism through which tropical cyclones self-regulate their activity to an extent on intraseasonal time scales. C1 [Balaguru, Karthik] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Coastal Sci Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Balaguru, Karthik; Taraphdar, Sourav; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ruby.Leung@pnnl.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program; Integrated Assessment Research program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program and the Integrated Assessment Research program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. G. F. was funded by base funds to NOAA/AOML's Physical Oceanography Division. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6855 EP 6862 DI 10.1002/2014GL061489 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800042 ER PT J AU Dias, J Kiladis, GN AF Dias, Juliana Kiladis, George N. TI Influence of the basic state zonal flow on convectively coupled equatorial waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVES; TRAPPED WAVES; LINEAR-MODEL; PART I; PERTURBATIONS; DISTURBANCES; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Observational data are used to test the hypothesis that the basic state modulates the dispersion properties of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs). This hypothesis is based on shallow water theory, which predicts that the zonal speed of propagation of such tropospheric equatorial modes is altered by the equivalent depth and the basic zonal flow. Localized space-time spectra are calculated to investigate how CCEW spectral peaks vary across the tropics and how they are affected by the variations in zonal wind observed geographically and by season. Doppler shifting by the basic state barotropic zonal flow is readily identified. Once this Doppler shifting is taken into account, the equivalent depths of CCEWs inferred from global power spectra are surprisingly uniform, both geographically and temporally. However, there are also detectable modulations that appear consistent with changes in vertical shear of the zonal flow, along with other shifts that are not as easily explained. C1 [Dias, Juliana] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dias, Juliana; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dias, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM juliana.dias@noaa.gov FU Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310165] FX We thank Charlotte DeMott, Stefan Tulich, Boualem Khouider, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments. Data are available at http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/view/badc.nerc.ac.uk_ATOM_dataent_claus (CLAUS) and http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/ (ERAI). This work was supported by Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310165. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6904 EP 6913 DI 10.1002/2014GL061476 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800048 ER PT J AU Dinh, T Fueglistaler, S AF Dinh, Tra Fueglistaler, Stephan TI Microphysical, radiative, and dynamical impacts of thin cirrus clouds on humidity in the tropical tropopause layer and lower stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; WATER-VAPOR; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ICE NUCLEATION; TRANSPORT; DEHYDRATION; TEMPERATURE; AEROSOLS; EQUATION AB Cloud-resolving numerical simulations are carried out to study how in situ formed cirrus affect the humidity in the tropical tropopause layer and lower stratosphere. Cloud-induced impacts on the specific humidity are evaluated separately in terms of (i) the dehydration efficiency and (ii) the increase in the saturation mixing ratio associated with cloud radiatively induced temperature adjustment. The numerical results show that the dehydration efficiency of cirrus clouds, which is measured by the domain average relative humidity, varies within 100 +/- 15% in all model configurations (with/without heterogeneous ice nucleation and with/without cloud radiative heating and cloud dynamics). A larger impact on the specific humidity comes from temperature increase (of a few kelvins) induced by cloud heating. The latter is found to scale approximately linearly with the domain average ice mass. Resolving the cloud radiatively induced circulations approximately doubles the domain average ice mass and associated cloud-induced temperature change. C1 [Dinh, Tra; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tdinh@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Dinh, Tra/L-5227-2013 OI Dinh, Tra/0000-0002-0144-2762 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; DOE [SC0006841]; NSF [AGS-1417659] FX We are grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for sharing the System of Atmospheric Modeling. We also thank Bernd Karcher and an anonymous reviewer for their careful and helpful reviews. Tra Dinh and Stephan Fueglistaler acknowledge support from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, DOE grant SC0006841, and NSF grant AGS-1417659. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 19 BP 6949 EP 6955 DI 10.1002/2014GL061289 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT4MP UT WOS:000344913800054 ER PT J AU Jucker, M Fueglistaler, S Vallis, GK AF Jucker, M. Fueglistaler, S. Vallis, G. K. TI Stratospheric sudden warmings in an idealized GCM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; PLANETARY-WAVES; WEATHER REGIMES; TROPOSPHERE; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; BALANCE AB An idealized general circulation model (GCM) with an analytically described Newtonian cooling term is employed to study the occurrence rate of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) over a wide range of parameters. In particular, the sensitivity of the SSW occurrence rates to orographic forcing and both relaxation temperature and damping rate is evaluated. The stronger the orographic forcing and the weaker the radiative forcing (in both temperature and damping rate), the higher the SSW frequency. The separate effects of the damping rates at low and high latitudes are somewhat more complex. Generally, lower damping rates result in higher SSW frequency. However, if the low-and high-latitude damping rates are not the same, SSW frequency tends to be most sensitive to a fractional change in the lower of the two damping rates. In addition, the effect of the damping rates on the stratospheric residual circulation is investigated. It is found that higher high-latitude damping rate results in deeper but narrower circulation, whereas higher low-latitude damping rates cause strengthening of the stream function in the tropical midstratosphere to upper stratosphere. Finally, the relation between easily measured and compared climatological fields and the SSW occurrence rate is determined. The average stratospheric polar zonal mean zonal wind shows a strong anticorrelation with the SSW frequency. In the troposphere, there is a high correlation between the meridional temperature gradient and SSW frequency, suggesting that the strength of synoptic activity in the troposphere may be an important influence on SSW occurrence. C1 [Jucker, M.; Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vallis, G. K.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Jucker, M (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM mjucker@nyu.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Jucker, Martin/C-3914-2014 OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1144302]; Swiss National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AGS-1144302, and M.J. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Data are available upon author request. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 19 BP 11054 EP 11064 DI 10.1002/2014JD022170 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PU UT WOS:000344053400005 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Wulfmeyer, V Berg, LK Schween, JH AF Turner, D. D. Wulfmeyer, V. Berg, L. K. Schween, J. H. TI Water vapor turbulence profiles in stationary continental convective mixed layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; SURFACE-LAYER; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS; RADIATION; VARIANCE AB The U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Raman lidar at the ARM Southern Great Plains site in north central Oklahoma has collected water vapor mixing ratio (q) profile data more than 90% of the time since October 2004. Three hundred (300) cases were identified where the convective boundary layer was quasi-stationary and well mixed for a 2 h period, and q mean, variance, third-order moment, and skewness profiles were derived from the 10 s, 75 m resolution data. These cases span the entire calendar year, and demonstrate that the q variance profiles at the mixed layer (ML) top changes seasonally and is strongly related to the gradient of q across the interfacial layer. The q variance at the top of the ML shows onlyweak correlations (r < 0.3) with sensible heat flux, Deardorff convective velocity scale, and turbulence kinetic energy measured at the surface. The median q skewness profile is most negative at 0.85 z(i), zero at approximately z(i), and positive above z(i), where z(i) is the depth of the convective ML. The spread in the q skewness profiles is smallest between 0.95 z(i) and z(i). The q skewness at altitudes between 0.6 z(i) and 1.2 z(i) is correlated with the magnitude of the q variance at z(i), with increasingly negative values of skewness observed lower down in the ML as the variance at z(i) increases, suggesting that in cases with larger variance at z(i) there is deeper penetration of the warm, dry free tropospheric air into the ML. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Wulfmeyer, V.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Stuttgart, Germany. [Berg, L. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schween, J. H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492 FU NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory; Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0006898]; Transregional Collaborative Research Center (SFB/TR) 32 Patterns in Soil-Vegetation Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling, and Data Assimilation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); CIRES FX This work was supported by NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program via grant DE-SC0006898, and the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (SFB/TR) 32 Patterns in Soil-Vegetation Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modeling, and Data Assimilation, which was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). We would like to thank the Raman lidar mentor team of Chris Martin, John Goldsmith, and Rob Newsom for their efforts in maintaining the Raman lidar. We would like to thank Erin Wagner and Subhashree Mishra for helping to visually identify cases where the ML was quasistationary and Julia Flaherty for deriving the surface flux data from the sonic anemometer at the SGP site. We would like to thank Minghua Zhang and Richard Ferrare for their comments on an earlier version of this work, which helped to motivate some of the additional analyses we performed here, and Mike Coniglio for his comments on this paper. The data used in this paper were collected as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility and are available via the ARM data archive at http://www.archive.arm.gov. A CIRES Research Fellowship helped to support Volker Wulfmeyer and his contributions during 2013. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 19 BP 11151 EP 11165 DI 10.1002/2014JD022202 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PU UT WOS:000344053400011 ER PT J AU Schroeder, JR Pan, LL Ryerson, T Diskin, G Hair, J Meinardi, S Simpson, I Barletta, B Blake, N Blake, DR AF Schroeder, Jason R. Pan, Laura L. Ryerson, Tom Diskin, Glenn Hair, Johnathan Meinardi, Simone Simpson, Isobel Barletta, Barbara Blake, Nicola Blake, Donald R. TI Evidence of mixing between polluted convective outflow and stratospheric air in the upper troposphere during DC3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIODE-LASER HYGROMETER; UNITED-STATES; TROPOPAUSE FOLD; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DEEP CONVECTION; OZONE LAYERS; GEOS-CHEM AB Aircraft measurements, including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), long-lived halocarbons, carbonmonoxide (CO), and ozone (O-3) collected on board the NASA DC-8 during the Deep Convection, Clouds, and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign (May - June 2012), were used to investigate interactions and mixing between stratospheric intrusions and polluted air masses. Stratospherically influenced air masses were detected using a suite of long-lived halocarbons, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs, as a tracer for stratospheric air. A large number of stratospherically influenced samples were found to have reduced levels of O-3 and elevated levels of CO (both relative to background stratospheric air), indicative of mixing with anthropogenically influenced air. Using n-butane and propane as further tracers of anthropogenically influenced air, we show that this type of mixing was present both at low altitudes and in the upper troposphere (UT). At low altitudes, this mixing resulted in O-3 enhancements consistent with those reported at surface sites during deep stratospheric intrusions, while in the UT, two case studies were performed to identify the process by which this mixing occurs. In the first case study, stratospheric air was found to be mixed with aged outflow from a convective storm, while in the second case study, stratospheric air was found to have mixed with outflow from an active storm occurring in the vicinity of a stratospheric intrusion. From these analyses, we conclude that deep convective events may facilitate the mixing between stratospheric air and polluted boundary layer air in the UT. Throughout the entire DC3 study region, this mixing was found to be prevalent: 72% of all samples that involve stratosphere-troposphere mixing show influence of polluted air. Applying a simple chemical kinetics analysis to these data, we show that during DC3, the instantaneous production of hydroxyl radical (OH) in these mixed stratospheric-polluted air masses was 11 +/- 8 times higher than that of stratospheric air, and 4.2 +/- 1.8 times higher than that of background upper tropospheric air. C1 [Schroeder, Jason R.; Meinardi, Simone; Simpson, Isobel; Barletta, Barbara; Blake, Nicola; Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ryerson, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Diskin, Glenn; Hair, Johnathan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Schroeder, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM schroedj@uci.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; FU NASA [NNX12AB76G] FX Data used in this paper can be accessed via the NASA Airborne Science Data for Atmospheric Composition website (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3). This work was supported by NASA grant NNX12AB76G. We would like to thank all members of the DC3 science and planning teams for their work and assistance in the field. We also thank our colleagues at UCI-Brent Love, Gloria Liu, Josette Marrero, Greg Hartt, Yu-Hsin Hung, Charlie Hirsch, and Aaron Gartner-for their assistance in the laboratory. We also thank Owen R. Cooper for providing useful comments and providing a creative spark during the early stages of this work, as well as our reviewers for providing many useful comments that helped make this a better paper. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 19 BP 11477 EP 11491 DI 10.1002/2014JD022109 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PU UT WOS:000344053400031 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Aumentado, J AF Ranzani, Leonardo Aumentado, Jose TI A geometric description of nonreciprocity in coupled two-mode systems SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microwave devices; Josephson devices; optical devices ID OPTICAL DIODE; WAVE-GUIDE; RECIPROCITY; REPRESENTATION; PHOTONS; DEVICE; FIELD AB We explore the concept of nonreciprocity in coupled two-mode systems using a geometric mapping to the Poincare sphere. From this perspective, we recast the requirements for nonreciprocity in terms of rotation and inversion symmetry arguments for the vector describing the two-mode state. We provide a few examples (the microwave circulator, parametric up/down converter, and traveling wave frequency converter) to demonstrate how this general geometric picture can provide insight into specific physical systems. C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu; jose.aumentado@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 103027 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/10/103027 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS2FO UT WOS:000344095400004 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Zhou, W Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin TI Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation: What, How, and Why? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH METHANE UPTAKE; HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SMALL MOLECULES; COORDINATION NETWORK; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; H-2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; SITES AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been emerging as promising multifunctional materials and have shown particularly useful applications for gas storage and separation. We have briefly outlined the early development of this very active research field to provide us a clear picture on what are MOFs and how the research endeavor has been initiated and explored. Following that, we have demonstrated why MOFs are so unique for gas storage and separation: high porosities, tunable framework structures, and immobilized functional sites to fully make use of pore space for gas storage, to optimize their sieving effects, and to differentiate their interactions with gas molecules. Finally, we have provided a perspective on further development of porous MOFs for gas storage and separation. C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by grant AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). NR 69 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 8 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 20 BP 3468 EP 3479 DI 10.1021/jz501586e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AR1SM UT WOS:000343364900004 PM 26278595 ER PT J AU D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Adiabatic hyperspherical representation for the three-body problem in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-ORDER COLLISIONS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; SYMMETRIC REPRESENTATION; IDENTICAL BOSONS; RECOMBINATION; TERTIARY; MOTION AB We explore the three-body problem in two dimensions using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. We develop the main equations in terms of democratic hyperangular coordinates and determine several symmetry properties and boundary conditions for both interacting and noninteracting solutions. From the analysis of the three-body effective potentials, we determine the threshold laws for low-energy three-body recombination, collision-induced dissociation, as well as inelastic atom-diatom collisions in two dimensions. Our results show that the hyperspherical representation can offer a simple and conceptually clear physical picture for three-body process in two dimensions which is also suitable for calculations using finite-range two-body interactions supporting a number of bound states. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU National Science Foundation (USA); AFOSR-MURI (USA) FX We thank F. Anis for helpful comments in the earlier stages of this project. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (USA) and the AFOSR-MURI (USA). NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 042707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042707 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AR6ND UT WOS:000343699100006 ER PT J AU Edwards, PM Brown, SS Roberts, JM Ahmadov, R Banta, RM deGouw, JA Dube, WP Field, RA Flynn, JH Gilman, JB Graus, M Helmig, D Koss, A Langford, AO Lefer, BL Lerner, BM Li, R Li, SM McKeen, SA Murphy, SM Parrish, DD Senff, CJ Soltis, J Stutz, J Sweeney, C Thompson, CR Trainer, MK Tsai, C Veres, PR Washenfelder, RA Warneke, C Wild, RJ Young, CJ Yuan, B Zamora, R AF Edwards, Peter M. Brown, Steven S. Roberts, James M. Ahmadov, Ravan Banta, Robert M. deGouw, Joost A. Dube, William P. Field, Robert A. Flynn, James H. Gilman, Jessica B. Graus, Martin Helmig, Detlev Koss, Abigail Langford, Andrew O. Lefer, Barry L. Lerner, Brian M. Li, Rui Li, Shao-Meng McKeen, Stuart A. Murphy, Shane M. Parrish, David D. Senff, Christoph J. Soltis, Jeffrey Stutz, Jochen Sweeney, Colm Thompson, Chelsea R. Trainer, Michael K. Tsai, Catalina Veres, Patrick R. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Warneke, Carsten Wild, Robert J. Young, Cora J. Yuan, Bin Zamora, Robert TI High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GREEN RIVER-BASIN; NITROUS-ACID HONO; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHALE GAS; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; VERTICAL PROFILES; REACTIVE NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES AB The United States is now experiencing the most rapid expansion in oil and gas production in four decades, owing in large part to implementation of new extraction technologies such as horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing. The environmental impacts of this development, from its effect on water quality(1) to the influence of increased methane leakage on climate(2), have been a matter of intense debate. Air quality impacts are associated with emissions of nitrogen oxides(3,4) (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds(5-7) (VOCs), whose photochemistry leads to production of ozone, a secondary pollutant with negative health effects(8). Recent observations in oil-and gas-producing basins in the western United States have identified ozone mixing ratios well in excess of present air quality standards, but only during winter(9-13). Understanding winter ozone production in these regions is scientifically challenging. It occurs during cold periods of snow cover when meteorological inversions concentrate air pollutants from oil and gas activities, but when solar irradiance and absolute humidity, which are both required to initiate conventional photochemistry essential for ozone production, are at a minimum. Here, using data from a remote location in the oil and gas basin of northeastern Utah and a box model, we provide a quantitative assessment of the photochemistry that leads to these extreme winter ozone pollution events, and identify key factors that control ozone production in this unique environment. We find that ozone production occurs at lower NOx and much larger VOC concentrations than does its summertime urban counterpart, leading to carbonyl (oxygenated VOCs with a C=O moiety) photolysis as a dominant oxidant source. Extreme VOC concentrations optimize the ozone production efficiency of NOx. There is considerable potential for global growth in oil and gas extraction from shale. This analysis could help inform strategies to monitor and mitigate air quality impacts and provide broader insight into the response of winter ozone to primary pollutants. C1 [Edwards, Peter M.; Brown, Steven S.; Roberts, James M.; Ahmadov, Ravan; Banta, Robert M.; deGouw, Joost A.; Dube, William P.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Graus, Martin; Koss, Abigail; Langford, Andrew O.; Lerner, Brian M.; Li, Rui; McKeen, Stuart A.; Parrish, David D.; Senff, Christoph J.; Sweeney, Colm; Trainer, Michael K.; Veres, Patrick R.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Warneke, Carsten; Wild, Robert J.; Young, Cora J.; Yuan, Bin; Zamora, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Edwards, Peter M.; Ahmadov, Ravan; deGouw, Joost A.; Dube, William P.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Graus, Martin; Koss, Abigail; Lerner, Brian M.; Li, Rui; McKeen, Stuart A.; Senff, Christoph J.; Sweeney, Colm; Veres, Patrick R.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Warneke, Carsten; Wild, Robert J.; Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Field, Robert A.; Murphy, Shane M.; Soltis, Jeffrey] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Larmie, WY 82070 USA. [Flynn, James H.; Lefer, Barry L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Helmig, Detlev; Thompson, Chelsea R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Shao-Meng] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Stutz, Jochen; Tsai, Catalina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Thompson, Chelsea/L-2302-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; FIELD, ROBERT/0000-0003-0228-1419; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Thompson, Chelsea/0000-0002-7332-9945; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah State University; Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle programme; Questar Energy Products; National Science Foundation [1212666, 1215926] FX The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a joint project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and supported by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Utah State University. This work was funded in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle programme. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. Funding for the 2012 LP-DOAS HNO2 measurements was provided by the National Science Foundation (award no. 1212666). S.M.M. acknowledges the National Science Foundation for award no. 1215926. We would like to thank L. Lee and R. Cohen of UC Berkley for their contributions and discussions relating to the representation of alkyl nitrate chemistry in this study. NR 65 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 19 U2 204 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 16 PY 2014 VL 514 IS 7522 BP 351 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13767 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ7JH UT WOS:000342988600048 PM 25274311 ER PT J AU Shirley, WE Anderson, BM Clark, CW Wilson, RM AF Shirley, Wilbur E. Anderson, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. Wilson, Ryan M. TI Half-Quantum Vortex Molecules in a Binary Dipolar Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS SYMMETRY GROUP; LONG-RANGE ORDER; 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; VORTICES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DESTRUCTION; COLLOQUIUM; HELIUM AB We study the ground state phases of a rotating two-component, or binary, Bose-Einstein condensate, wherein one component possesses a large permanent magnetic dipole moment. A variety of nontrivial phases emerge in this system, including a half-quantum vortex (HQV) chain phase and a HQV molecule phase, where HQVs bind at short distances. We attribute these phases to the development of a minimum in the HQV interaction potential, which emerges without coherent coupling or attractive interactions between the components. Thus, we show that the presence of dipolar interactions in this system provides a unique mechanism for the formation of HQV molecules and results in a rich ground state phase diagram. C1 [Shirley, Wilbur E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shirley, Wilbur E.; Anderson, Brandon M.; Clark, Charles W.; Wilson, Ryan M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shirley, Wilbur E.; Anderson, Brandon M.; Clark, Charles W.; Wilson, Ryan M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shirley, WE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU National Academy of the Sciences from an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF [PHY-1004975]; NSF under the Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; ARO Atomtronics MURI FX We thank A. Bradley and T. Billam for sharing their vortex identification algorithm, and we acknowledge enlightening discussions with A. Fetter. R. M. W. is supported by the funding institution the National Academy of the Sciences from an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. This material is based upon work supported by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1004975 and was partially supported by the NSF under the Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and the ARO Atomtronics MURI. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 16 AR 165301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.165301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AZ0FE UT WOS:000347920800005 PM 25361261 ER PT J AU Rouvalis, E Baynes, FN Xie, XJ Li, KJ Zhou, QG Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Steffan, AG Beling, A Campbell, JC AF Rouvalis, Efthymios Baynes, Frederick N. Xie, Xiaojun Li, Kejia Zhou, Qiugui Quinlan, Franklyn Fortier, Tara M. Diddams, Scott A. Steffan, Andreas G. Beling, Andreas Campbell, Joe C. TI High-Power and High-Linearity Photodetector Modules for Microwave Photonic Applications SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-dB compression; Analog photonic links; high-power photodetectors; millimeter-wave source; modified unitraveling carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD); third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; GENERATION; RESPONSIVITY AB We demonstrate hermetically packaged InGaAs/InP photodetector modules for high performance microwave photonic applications. The devices employ an advanced photodiode epitaxial layer known as the modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) with superior performance in terms of output power and saturation. To further improve the thermal limitations, the MUTC-PDs were flip-chip bonded on high thermal conductivity substrates such as Aluminum Nitride (AlN) and Diamond. Modules using chips with active area diameters of 40, 28, and 20 mu m were developed. The modules demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth ranging from 17 GHz up to 30 GHz. In continuous wave mode of operation, very high RF output power was achieved with 25 dBm at 10 GHz, 22 dBm at 20 GHz, and 17 dBm at 30 GHz. In addition, the linearity of the modules was characterized by using the third order intercept point (OIP3) as a figure of merit. Very high values of OIP3 were obtained with 30 dBm at 10 GHz, 25 dBm at 20 GHz and more than 20 dBm at 30 GHz. Under short pulse illumination conditions and by selectively filtering the 10 GHz frequency component only, a saturated power of >21 dBm was also measured. A very low AM-to-PM conversion coefficient was measured, making the modules highly suitable for integration in photonic systems for ultralow phase noise RF signal generation. C1 [Rouvalis, Efthymios; Steffan, Andreas G.] U2t Photon AG, D-10553 Berlin, Germany. [Xie, Xiaojun; Li, Kejia; Zhou, Qiugui; Beling, Andreas; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Baynes, Frederick N.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rouvalis, E (reprint author), U2t Photon AG, D-10553 Berlin, Germany. EM rouvalis@u2t.de; frederick.baynes@nist.gov; xx5wr@virginia.edu; kl7pb@virginia.edu; qz6s@virginia.edu; franklyn.quinlan@nist.gov; tara.fortier@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov; steffan@u2t.de; ab3pj@virginia.edu; jcc7s@virginia.edu RI Xie, Xiaojun/F-1859-2016 FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); DARPA PULSE program FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the DARPA PULSE program. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 20 SI SI BP 3810 EP 3816 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2310252 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AX1JH UT WOS:000346703000055 ER PT J AU Mahmud, KW Tiesinga, E Johnson, PR AF Mahmud, K. W. Tiesinga, E. Johnson, P. R. TI Dynamically decoupled three-body interactions with applications to interaction-based quantum metrology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG LIMIT AB We propose a stroboscopic method to dynamically decouple the effects of two-body atom-atom interactions for ultracold bosonic atoms, and realize a system dominated by elastic three-body interactions. Using this method, we show that it is possible to achieve the optimal scaling behavior predicted for interaction-based quantum metrology with three-body interactions. Specifically, we show that for ultracold bosons quenched in an optical lattice, we can measure the three-body interaction strength with a precision proportional to (n) over bar (-5/2) using homodyne quadrature interferometry, and (n) over bar (-7/4) using conventional collapse-and-revival techniques, where (n) over bar is the mean number of atoms per lattice site. Both precision scalings surpass the nonlinear scaling of (n) over bar (-3/2), which was previously proposed and achieved with a physical system. Our method of achieving a decoupled three-body interacting system may also have applications in the creation of exotic three-body states and phases. C1 [Mahmud, K. W.; Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahmud, K. W.; Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Mahmud, KW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Office [60661PH] FX We acknowledge support from the U.S. Army Research Office under Contract No. 60661PH. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 041602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.041602 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0BF UT WOS:000343942900001 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Held, IM Stenchikov, GL Zeng, FR Horowitz, LW AF Merlis, Timothy M. Held, Isaac M. Stenchikov, Georgiy L. Zeng, Fanrong Horowitz, Larry W. TI Constraining Transient Climate Sensitivity Using Coupled Climate Model Simulations of Volcanic Eruptions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-PINATUBO; TIME SCALES; SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; IMPACT AB Coupled climate model simulations of volcanic eruptions and abrupt changes in CO2 concentration are compared in multiple realizations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1). The change in global-mean surface temperature (GMST) is analyzed to determine whether a fast component of the climate sensitivity of relevance to the transient climate response (TCR; defined with the 1% yr(-1) CO2-increase scenario) can be estimated from shorter-time-scale climate changes. The fast component of the climate sensitivity estimated from the response of the climate model to volcanic forcing is similar to that of the simulations forced by abrupt CO2 changes but is 5%-15% smaller than the TCR. In addition, the partition between the top-of-atmosphere radiative restoring and ocean heat uptake is similar across radiative forcing agents. The possible asymmetry between warming and cooling climate perturbations, which may affect the utility of volcanic eruptions for estimating the TCR, is assessed by comparing simulations of abrupt CO2 doubling to abrupt CO2 halving. There is slightly less (similar to 5%) GMST change in 0.5 x CO2 simulations than in 2 x CO2 simulations on the short (similar to 10 yr) time scales relevant to the fast component of the volcanic signal. However, inferring the TCR from volcanic eruptions is more sensitive to uncertainties from internal climate variability and the estimation procedure. The response of the GMST to volcanic eruptions is similar in GFDL CM2.1 and GFDL Climate Model, version 3 (CM3), even though the latter has a higher TCR associated with a multidecadal time scale in its response. This is consistent with the expectation that the fast component of the climate sensitivity inferred from volcanic eruptions is a lower bound for the TCR. C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Held, Isaac M.; Zeng, Fanrong; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stenchikov, Georgiy L.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), McGill Univ, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM timothy.merlis@mcgill.ca RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Stenchikov, Georgiy Lvovich/0000-0001-9033-4925 FU Princeton Center for Theoretical Science fellowship FX TMM was supported by a Princeton Center for Theoretical Science fellowship. We thank Yi Ming for useful discussions and Mike Winton, Ron Stouffer, Kyle Armour, and Olivier Geoffroy for helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 20 BP 7781 EP 7795 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00214.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5YB UT WOS:000342883400014 ER PT J AU Inlek, IV Vittorini, G Hucul, D Crocker, C Monroe, C AF Inlek, I. V. Vittorini, G. Hucul, D. Crocker, C. Monroe, C. TI Quantum gates with phase stability over space and time SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; STATE AB The performance of a quantum information processor depends on the precise control of phases introduced into the system during quantum gate operations. As the number of operations increases with the complexity of a computation, the phases of the gates at different locations and different times must be controlled, which can be challenging for optically driven operations. We circumvent this issue by demonstrating an entangling gate between two trapped atomic ions that is insensitive to the optical phases of the driving fields while using a common master reference clock for all coherent qubit operations. Such techniques may be crucial for scaling to large quantum information processors in many physical platforms. C1 [Inlek, I. V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Inlek, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM inlek@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SPARQC; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, the Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SPARQC, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 042316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042316 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AR6CL UT WOS:000343670400001 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gualdron, DA Gutov, OV Krungleviciute, V Borah, B Mondloch, JE Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK Snurr, RQ AF Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A. Gutov, Oleksii V. Krungleviciute, Vaiva Borah, Bhaskarjyoti Mondloch, Joseph E. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. Snurr, Randall Q. TI Computational Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Stable Zirconium Building Units for Storage and Delivery of Methane SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-AREA; GAS-STORAGE; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; ISORETICULAR SERIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FORCE-FIELD; NATURAL-GAS; PORE-SIZE; STABILITY; ADSORPTION AB A metal organic framework (MOF) with high volumetric deliverable capacity for methane was synthesized after being identified by computational screening of 204 hypothetical MOF structures featuring (Zr6O4)(OH)(4)(CO2)(n) inorganic building blocks. The predicted MOF (NU-800) has an fcu topology in which zirconium nodes are connected via ditopic 1,4-benzenedipropynoic acid linkers. Based on our computer simulations, alkyne groups adjacent to the inorganic zirconium nodes provide more efficient methane packing around the nodes at high pressures. The high predicted gas uptake properties of this new MOF were confirmed by high-pressure isotherm measurements over a large temperature and pressure range. The measured methane deliverable capacity of NU-800 between 65 and 5.8 bar is 167 cc(STP)/cc (0.215 g/g), the highest among zirconium-based MOFs. High-pressure uptake values of H-2 and CO2 are also among the highest reported. These high gas uptake characteristics, along with the expected highly stable structure of NU-800, make it a promising material for gas storage applications. C1 [Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A.; Borah, Bhaskarjyoti; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gutov, Oleksii V.; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gutov, Oleksii V.; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia. RP Hupp, JT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM j-hupp@northwestern.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu; snurr@northwestern.edu RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Faculty of, Sciences, KAU/E-7305-2017 FU Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR0000248]; U.S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX The Northwestern University team acknowledges that the work presented herein was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000248. T.Y. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. The computations were made possible by the high performance computing system, QUEST, at Northwestern University, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's Carver Cluster. NR 63 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 11 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 14 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 19 BP 5632 EP 5639 DI 10.1021/cm502304e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AQ9SI UT WOS:000343195600029 ER PT J AU Stan, G Gates, RS Kavuri, P Torres, J Michalak, D Ege, C Bielefeld, J King, SW AF Stan, G. Gates, R. S. Kavuri, P. Torres, J. Michalak, D. Ege, C. Bielefeld, J. King, S. W. TI Mechanical property changes in porous low-k dielectric thin films during processing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ORGANOSILICATE GLASSES; CONSTANT MATERIALS; ELASTIC-MODULUS AB The design of future generations of Cu-low-k dielectric interconnects with reduced electronic crosstalk often requires engineering materials with an optimal trade off between their dielectric constant and elastic modulus. This is because the benefits associated with the reduction of the dielectric constant by increasing the porosity of materials, for example, can adversely affect their mechanical integrity during processing. By using load-dependent contact-resonance atomic force microscopy, the changes in the elastic modulus of low-k dielectric materials due to processing were accurately measured. These changes were linked to alterations sustained by the structure of low-k dielectric films during processing. A two-phase model was used for quantitative assessments of the elastic modulus changes undergone by the organosilicate skeleton of the structure of porous and pore-filled dielectrics. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Stan, G.; Gates, R. S.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kavuri, P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Torres, J.; Michalak, D.; Ege, C.; Bielefeld, J.; King, S. W.] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Stan, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 15 AR 152906 DI 10.1063/1.4898351 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5ZK UT WOS:000344344700057 ER PT J AU Jeffries, JR Butch, NP Lipp, MJ Bradley, JA Kirshenbaum, K Saha, SR Paglione, J Kenney-Benson, C Xiao, Y Chow, P Evans, WJ AF Jeffries, J. R. Butch, N. P. Lipp, M. J. Bradley, J. A. Kirshenbaum, K. Saha, S. R. Paglione, J. Kenney-Benson, C. Xiao, Y. Chow, P. Evans, W. J. TI Persistent Fe moments in the normal-state collapsed-tetragonal phase of the pressure-induced superconductor Ca0.67Sr0.33Fe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPIN TRANSITION; IRON; MANTLE AB Using nonresonant Fe K beta x-ray emission spectroscopy, we reveal that Sr substitution into CaFe2As2 decouples the Fe moment from the volume collapse transition, yielding a collapsed-tetragonal, paramagnetic normal state out of which superconductivity develops. X-ray diffraction measurements implicate the c-axis lattice parameter as the controlling criterion for the Fe moment, promoting a generic description for the appearance of pressure-induced superconductivity in the alkaline-earth-based 122 ferropnictides (AFe(2)As(2)). The evolution of T-c with pressure lends support to theories for superconductivity involving unconventional pairing mediated by magnetic fluctuations. C1 [Jeffries, J. R.; Butch, N. P.; Lipp, M. J.; Bradley, J. A.; Evans, W. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirshenbaum, K.; Saha, S. R.; Paglione, J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kenney-Benson, C.; Xiao, Y.; Chow, P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, HP CAT, Geophys Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0001974]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45775, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF; AFOSR-MURI Grant [FA9550-09-1-0603] FX We are grateful to K. Visbeck for assistance with cell preparations. Portions of this work were performed under LDRD (14-ERD-041). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No. DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award No. DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. APS is supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamtime was provided through the Carnegie-DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) and the APS General User Program (GUP). This work was partially supported by AFOSR-MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0603. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 14 AR 144506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.144506 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AR7PI UT WOS:000343771300008 ER PT J AU Rao, R Sharma, R Abild-Pedersen, F Norskov, JK Harutyunyan, AR AF Rao, Rahul Sharma, Renu Abild-Pedersen, Frank Norskov, Jens K. Harutyunyan, Avetik R. TI Insights into carbon nanotube nucleation: Cap formation governed by catalyst interfacial step flow SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-SURFACES; GRAPHENE GROWTH; MOTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; POINTS; ATOMS AB In order to accommodate an increasing demand for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with desirable characteristics one has to understand the origin of helicity of their structures. Here, through in situ microscopy we demonstrate that the nucleation of a carbon nanotube is initiated by the formation of the carbon cap. Nucleation begins with the formation of a graphene embryo that is bound between opposite step-edges on the nickel catalyst surface. The embryo grows larger as the step-edges migrate along the surface, leading to the formation of a curved carbon cap when the steps flow across the edges of adjacent facets. Further motion of the steps away from the catalyst tip with attached rims of the carbon cap generates the wall of the nanotube. Density Functional Theory calculations bring further insight into the process, showing that step flow occurs by surface self diffusion of the nickel atoms via a step-edge attachment-detachment mechanism. Since the cap forms first in the sequence of stages involved in growth, we suggest that it originates the helicity of the nanotube. Therefore, the angular distribution of catalyst facets could be exploited as a new parameter for controlling the curvature of the cap and, presumably, the helicity of the nanotube. C1 [Rao, Rahul; Harutyunyan, Avetik R.] Honda Res Inst USA Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abild-Pedersen, Frank; Norskov, Jens K.] SUNCAT Ctr Interface Sci & Catalysis, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Norskov, Jens K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harutyunyan, AR (reprint author), Honda Res Inst USA Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM aharutyunyan@honda-ri.com RI Abild-Pedersen, Frank/C-3248-2014; Norskov, Jens/D-2539-2017 OI Abild-Pedersen, Frank/0000-0002-1911-074X; Norskov, Jens/0000-0002-4427-7728 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Honda Research institute USA Inc. FX We thank A. Zangwill for helpful discussions and advice on this manuscript. F.A-P and J.K.N. acknowledges financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences to the SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis. This research was supported by the Honda Research institute USA Inc. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6510 DI 10.1038/srep06510 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ8NO UT WOS:000343083200001 PM 25308821 ER PT J AU Chen, JE Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Wu, H Chua, YS Zhou, W Liu, B Ju, XH Chen, P AF Chen, Juner Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Wu, Hui Chua, Yong Shen Zhou, Wei Liu, Bin Ju, Xiaohua Chen, Ping TI Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Dehydrogenation Kinetics Study of Lithiated Ethylenediamine SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE amines; crystallization; dehydrogenation; ladder polymers; lithiation ID AMIDE LADDER STRUCTURES; MIXED AGGREGATE MAA; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; LITHIUM AMIDES; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALLYLIC AMINES; SINGLE CONCEPT; RING-STACKING; CHEMISTRY; DECOMPOSITION AB The lithiation of ethylenediamine by LiH is a stepwise process to form the partially lithiated intermediates LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2 and [LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2][LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li](2) prior to the formation of dilithiated ethylenediamine LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li. A reversible phase transformation between the partial and dilithiated species was observed. One dimensional {LinNn} ladders and three-dimensional network structures were found in the crystal structures of LiN(H)CH2CH2NH2 and LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li, respectively. LiN(H)CH2CH2N(H)Li undergoes dehydrogenation with an activation energy of 181 +/- 8kJmol(-1), whereas the partially lithiated ethylenediamine compounds were polymerized and released ammonia at elevated temperatures. The dynamical dehydrogenation mechanism of the dilithiated ethylenediamine compounds was investigated by using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. C1 [Chen, Juner; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Chua, Yong Shen; Liu, Bin; Ju, Xiaohua; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Chen, Juner] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM pchen@dicp.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Juner/D-2913-2015; Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU Project of National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholar [51225206]; 973 Project [2010CB631304]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1232120, 51472237]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Project of National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholar (51225206), 973 Project (2010CB631304), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1232120 and 51472237), Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project, and the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 42 BP 13636 EP 13643 DI 10.1002/chem.201403047 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AQ4VF UT WOS:000342797500025 PM 25164593 ER PT J AU Faller, JE AF Faller, James E. TI Precision measurement, scientific personalities and error budgets: the sine quibus non for big G determinations SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Newtonian constant; big G; precision measurement; scientific personalities; errors; systematic errors ID NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; MOVING ATOMIC CLOCK; VERIFICATION; EQUIVALENCE; PRINCIPLE; GRAVITY AB Determinations of the Newtonian constant of gravitation (big G) fit into the oftentimes-unappreciated area of physics called precision measurement-an area which includes precision measurements, null experiments and determinations of the fundamental constants. The determination of big G-a measurement which on the surface appears deceptively simple-continues to be one of Nature's greatest challenges to the skills and cunning of experimental physicists. In spite of the fact that, on the scale of the Universe, big G's effects are so large as to single-handedly hold everything together, on the scale of an individual research laboratory, big G's effects are so small that they go unnoticed...hidden in a background of much larger forces and noise sources. It is this 'smallness' that makes determining the precise value of this (seemingly unrelated to the rest of physics) fundamental constant so difficult. C1 [Faller, James E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Faller, James E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Faller, James E.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Faller, JE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM fallerj@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 372 IS 2026 AR 20140023 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0023 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1RI UT WOS:000341848400003 ER PT J AU Parks, HV Faller, JE AF Parks, Harold V. Faller, James E. TI A simple pendulum laser interferometer for determining the gravitational constant SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE gravitational constant; Fabry-Perot interfometer; precision measurement; physical constants ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; FORCE AB We present a detailed account of our 2004 experiment to measure the Newtonian constant of gravitation with a suspended laser interferometer. The apparatus consists of two simple pendulums hanging from a common support. Each pendulum has a length of 72 cm and their separation is 34 cm. A mirror is embedded in each pendulum bob, which then in combination form a Fabry-Perot cavity. A laser locked to the cavity measures the change in pendulum separation as the gravitational field is modulated due to the displacement of four 120 kg tungsten masses. C1 [Parks, Harold V.; Faller, James E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parks, Harold V.; Faller, James E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parks, Harold V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Faller, James E.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Gravitat Res, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Parks, HV (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM harold.parks@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca FU National Research Council; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX H.V.P. is grateful to the National Research Council for an NIST post-doctoral fellowship. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogramme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 372 IS 2026 AR 20140024 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0024 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1RI UT WOS:000341848400004 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S Pixley, RE Nolting, F Schurr, J Straumann, U AF Schlamminger, S. Pixley, R. E. Nolting, F. Schurr, J. Straumann, U. TI Reflections on a measurement of the gravitational constant using a beam balance and 13 tons of mercury SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE gravitational constant; mass comparator; mercury ID NEWTONIAN CONSTANT; TORSION BALANCE; GRAVITY AB In 2006, a final result of a measurement of the gravitational constant G performed by researchers at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, was published. A value of G = 6.674252(122) x 10(-11) m(3) kg(-1) s(-2) was obtained after an experimental effort that lasted over one decade. Here, we briefly summarize the measurement and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. C1 [Schlamminger, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pixley, R. E.; Straumann, U.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Nolting, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Schurr, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 13 PY 2014 VL 372 IS 2026 AR 20140027 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0027 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1RI UT WOS:000341848400006 ER PT J AU Luecke, WE Slotwinski, JA AF Luecke, William E. Slotwinski, John A. TI Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Made by Additive Manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; hardness; Lueders bands; tensile testing; UNS 174100 ID STRAIN-RATE; TRANSFORMATION AB Using uniaxial tensile and hardness testing, we evaluated the variability and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel, UNS S17400, manufactured by an additive process, selective laser melting. Like wrought materials, the mechanical properties depend on the orientation introduced by the processing. The recommended stress-relief heat treatment increases the tensile strength, reduces the yield strength, and decreases the extent of the discontinuous yielding. The mechanical properties, assessed by hardness, are very uniform across the build plate, but the stress-relief heat treatment introduced a small non-uniformity that had no correlation to position on the build plate. Analysis of the mechanical property behavior resulted in four conclusions. (1) The within-build and build-to-build tensile properties of the UNS S17400 stainless steel are less repeatable than mature engineering structural alloys, but similar to other structural alloys made by additive manufacturing. (2) The anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the UNS S17400 material of this study is larger than that of mature structural alloys, but is similar to other structural alloys made by additive manufacturing. (3) The tensile mechanical properties of the UNS S17400 material fabricated by selective laser melting are very different from those of wrought, heat-treated 17-4PH stainless steel. (4) The large discontinuous yielding strain in all tests resulted from the formation and propagation of Lude bands. C1 [Luecke, William E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotwinski, John A.] NIST, Prod Syst Grp, NIST Engn Labs, Intelligent Syst Div,Addit Mfg Mat Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Luecke, WE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.luecke@nist.gov; John.Slotwinski@jhuapl.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 45 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 398 EP 418 DI 10.6028/jres.119.015 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MD UT WOS:000350401800001 PM 26601037 ER PT J AU Jachymski, K Krych, M Julienne, PS Idziaszek, Z AF Jachymski, Krzysztof Krych, Michal Julienne, Paul S. Idziaszek, Zbigniew TI Quantum-defect model of a reactive collision at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAMS; BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; NEAR-THRESHOLD; SCATTERING AB We consider a general problem of inelastic collision of particles interacting with power-law potentials. Using quantum-defect theory we derive an analytical formula for the energy-dependent complex scattering length, valid for arbitrary collision energy, and use it to analyze the elastic and reactive collision rates. Our theory is applicable for both universal and nonuniversal collisions. The former corresponds to the unit reaction probability at short range, while in the latter case the reaction probability is smaller than one. In the high-energy limit we present a method that allows us to incorporate quantum corrections to the classical reaction rate due to the shape resonances and the quantum tunneling. C1 [Jachymski, Krzysztof; Krych, Michal; Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jachymski, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Pasteura 5, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. OI Jachymski, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Foundation for Polish Science - EU European Regional Development Fund, National Center for Science [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030, DEC/2012/07/N/ST2/02879, DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188] FX We thank Manuel Lara for interesting discussions. This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects and TEAM programmes co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, National Center for Science Grants No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030, No. DEC/2012/07/N/ST2/02879, and No. DEC-2013/09/N/ST2/02188. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 042705 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042705 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AR7BU UT WOS:000343735800007 ER PT J AU Vittorini, G Hucul, D Inlek, IV Crocker, C Monroe, C AF Vittorini, G. Hucul, D. Inlek, I. V. Crocker, C. Monroe, C. TI Entanglement of distinguishable quantum memories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; COMMUNICATION; DISTANCE; NETWORK AB Time-resolved photon detection can be used to generate entanglement between distinguishable photons. This technique can be extended to entangle quantum memories that emit photons with different frequencies and identical temporal profiles without the loss of entanglement rate or fidelity. We experimentally realize this process using remotely trapped Yb-171(+) ions where heralded entanglement is generated by interfering distinguishable photons. This technique may be necessary for future modular quantum systems and networks that are composed of heterogeneous qubits. C1 [Vittorini, G.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vittorini, G (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vittorgd@umd.edu RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SPARQC; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX We thank K. Wright and J. D. Wong-Campos for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, the Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SPARQC, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 040302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.040302 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AR7BU UT WOS:000343735800002 ER PT J AU Bayliss, MB Ashby, MLN Ruel, J Brodwin, M Aird, KA Bautz, MW Benson, BA Bleem, LE Bocquet, S Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiattii, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT Desai, S Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ Forman, WR George, EM Gettings, D Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH de Haan, T Halverson, NW High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hoover, S Hrubes, JD Jones, C Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Mantz, A Marrone, DP Mawatari, K McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Miller, ED Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Murray, SS Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shirokoff, E Song, J Stalder, B Suhada, R Spieler, HG Stanford, SA Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, K Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Williamson, R Zahn, R Zenteno, A AF Bayliss, M. B. Ashby, M. L. N. Ruel, J. Brodwin, M. Aird, K. A. Bautz, M. W. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiattii, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. de Haan, T. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. Mawatari, K. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Stalder, B. Suhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zahn, R. Zenteno, A. TI SPT-CL J2040-4451: AN SZ-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTER AT z=1.478 WITH SIGNIFICANT ONGOING STAR FORMATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2040-4451); galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: evolution; large-scale structure of universe ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; ZELDOVICH EFFECT SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; 720 SQUARE DEGREES; GREATER-THAN 1; RED-SEQUENCE; DISTANT CLUSTERS; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS AB SPT-CL J2040-4451-spectroscopically confirmed at z = 1.478-is the highest-redshift galaxy cluster yet discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. SPT-CL J2040-4451 was a candidate galaxy cluster identified in the first 720 deg(2) of the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey, and has been confirmed in follow-up imaging and spectroscopy. From multi-object spectroscopy with Magellan-I/Baade+ IMACS we measure spectroscopic redshifts for 15 cluster member galaxies, all of which have strong [O Pi]lambda lambda 3727 emission. SPT-CL J2040-4451 has an SZ-measured mass of M-500,(SZ) = 3.2 +/- 0.8 x 10(14)M(circle dot) h(-1) 70, corresponding to M-200,M- (SZ) = 5.8 +/- 1.4 x 10(14)M(circle dot) h(70-)(1.) The velocity dispersion measured entirely from blue star-forming members is sv = 1500 +/- 520 km s(-1). The prevalence of star-forming cluster members (galaxies with > 1.5M(circle dot) yr(-1)) implies that this massive, high-redshift cluster is experiencing a phase of active star formation, and supports recent results showing a marked increase in star formation occurring in galaxy clusters at z greater than or similar to 1.4. We also compute the probability of finding a cluster as rare as this in the SPT-SZ survey to be > 99%, indicating that its discovery is not in tension with the concordance Lambda CDM cosmological model. C1 [Bayliss, M. B.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bayliss, M. B.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Foley, R. J.; Jones, C.; Mawatari, K.; Murray, S. S.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.; Luong-Van, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bautz, M. W.; Miller, E. D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Hoover, S.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bocquet, S.; Desai, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.; Suhada, R.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bocquet, S.; Desai, S.; Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiattii, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago, Chile. [Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; de Haan, T.; Holder, G. P.; van Engelen, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Foley, R. J.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Foley, R. J.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gettings, D.; Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Knox, L.; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.; Song, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Zahn, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bayliss, MB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mbayliss@cfa.harvard.edu RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA [NAS 8-03060]; Excellence Cluster Universe; DFG research program [TR33]; NASA; Clay Fellowship; KICP Fellowship; Pennsylvania State University [2834-MIT-SAO-4018]; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Smithsonian Institution; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012. Galaxy cluster research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. X-ray research at the CfA is supported through NASA Contract NAS 8-03060. The Munich group acknowledges support from the Excellence Cluster Universe and the DFG research program TR33. This work is based in part on observations obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope (PID 60099), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Additional data were obtained with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile and the Blanco 4 m Telescope at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatories in Chile. R.J.F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship. B.A.B is supported by a KICP Fellowship, M. Bautz acknowledges support from contract 2834-MIT-SAO-4018 from the Pennsylvania State University to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. M.D. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, W.F. and C.J. acknowledge support from the Smithsonian Institution. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors also thank the referee, B. Lemaux, for his comments that improved the quality of this paper. NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 794 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/12 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ1YO UT WOS:000342581200012 ER PT J AU McDonald, M Benson, BA Vikhlinin, A Aird, KA Allen, SW Bautz, M Bayliss, M Bleem, LE Bocquet, S Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Foley, RJ Forman, WR George, EM Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Halverson, NW Hlavacek-Larrondo, J Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Jones, C Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Mantz, A Marrone, DP McMahon, JJ Meyer, SS Miller, ED Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Murray, SS Padin, S Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Stalder, B Stanford, SA Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, KT Stubbs, CW Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Williamson, R Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Aird, K. A. Allen, S. W. Bautz, M. Bayliss, M. Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. T. Stubbs, C. W. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI THE REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF THE MEAN I EMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND ENTROPY PROFILES IN 80 SPT-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; early universe; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DARK-MATTER HALOES; 720 SQUARE DEGREES; GAS MASS FRACTION; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; M-T RELATION; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH; TEMPERATURE PROFILES; XMM-NEWTON AB Confirming earlier results from this data set, we find an absence of strong cool cores at high z, manifested in this analysis as a significantly lower observed pressure in the central 0.1R(500) of the high-z cool-core subset of clusters compared to the low-z cool-core subset. Overall, our observed pressure profiles agree well with earlier lower-redshift measurements, suggesting minimal redshift evolution in the pressure profile outside of the core. We find no measurable redshift evolution in the entropy profile at r <= 0.7R(500)-this may reflect a long-standing balance between cooling and feedback over long timescales and large physical scales. We observe a slight flattening of the entropy profile at r >= R500 in our high-z subsample. This flattening is consistent with a temperature bias due to the enhanced (similar to 3x) rate at which group-mass (similar to 2 keV) halos, which would go undetected at our survey depth, are accreting onto the cluster at z similar to 1. This work demonstrates a powerful method for inferring spatially resolved cluster properties in the case where individual cluster signal-to-noise is low, but the number of observed clusters is high. C1 [McDonald, M.; Bautz, M.; Miller, E. D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Benson, B. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K. T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.; Luong-Van, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Allen, S. W.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allen, S. W.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allen, S. W.; Crites, A. T.; Williamson, R.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bocquet, S.; Liu, J.; McMahon, J. J.; Saro, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Bocquet, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrosif, Santiago, Chile. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Staniszewski, Z.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Foley, R. J.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Foley, R. J.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Knox, L.; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zenteno, A.] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP McDonald, M (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mcdonald@space.mit.edu RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU NASA [HST-HF51308.01, 12800071, 12800088, 13800883]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA [NAS 5-26555]; National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, PLR-1248097]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130094] FX We thank M. Voit and N. Battaglia for helpful discussions, along with K. Dolag, for sharing their simulated galaxy cluster pressure profiles. M. M. acknowledges support by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF51308.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants ANT-0638937 and PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Support for X-ray analysis was provided by NASA through Chandra Award Numbers 12800071, 12800088, and 13800883 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012 and at SAO in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. J.H.L. is supported by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant number PF2-130094. NR 83 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 794 IS 1 AR 67 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ1YO UT WOS:000342581200067 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM Yang, CH Lai, NS Lim, WH Dzurak, AS AF Zimmerman, Neil M. Yang, Chih-Hwan Lai, Nai Shyan Lim, Wee Han Dzurak, Andrew S. TI Charge offset stability in Si single electron devices with Al gates SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quantum information; Coulomb blockade; charge offset drift ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM DOT; SPIN QUBIT; SILICON; TRANSISTOR; BLOCKADE; READOUT AB We report on the charge offset drift (time stability) in Si single electron devices (SEDs) defined with aluminum (Al) gates. The size of the charge offset drift (0.15 e) is intermediate between that of Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions (greater than 1 e) and Si SEDs defined with Si gates (0.01 e). This range of values suggests that defects in the AlOx are the main cause of the charge offset drift instability. C1 [Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Chih-Hwan; Lai, Nai Shyan; Lim, Wee Han; Dzurak, Andrew S.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Computat & Commun Tech, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lai, Nai Shyan; Lim, Wee Han] Asia Pacific Univ Technol & Innovat, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org RI McKenzie, Warren/J-2137-2014 FU Australian National Fabrication Facility; Australian Research Council [CE110001027]; U S Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0024] FX We are grateful to acknowledge useful conversations with Justin Perron, Alessandro Rossi, Andrea Morello, Michael Stewart Jr, and Ted Thorbeck, as well as the microscopic technical assistance of Joshua Shumacher and Alline Myers. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) CHY and ASD acknowledge support from the Australian National Fabrication Facility, the Australian Research Council (under contract CE110001027), and the U S Army Research Office (under contract W911NF-13-1-0024). NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 40 AR 405201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/40/405201 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ0WQ UT WOS:000342503800003 PM 25213165 ER PT J AU Marshall, KN Kaplan, IC Levin, PS AF Marshall, K. N. Kaplan, I. C. Levin, P. S. TI New target fisheries lead to spatially variable food web effects in an ecosystem model of the California Current SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Fishing; California Current; Ecosystem model; Spatial; Regional effects; Indirect effects ID US WEST-COAST; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PERTURBATION EXPERIMENTS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; FORAGE FISH; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS AB Growing human populations put increasing demands on marine ecosystems. Studies have demonstrated the importance of large biomass forage groups in model food webs, but small biomass contributors are often overlooked. Here, we predict the ecosystem effects of three potential future fisheries targeting functional groups that make up only a small proportion of total ecosystem biomass using the California Current Atlantis Model: deep demersal fish such as grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis and Coryphaenoides acrolepis), nearshore fish such as white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), and shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani). Using a spatially explicit ecosystem model, we explored individual fishing scenarios for these groups that resulted in abundance levels of 75, 40, 25, and 0 percent of the status quo fishing scenario and a combined fishing scenario simultaneously targeting all three groups. We evaluated the effects on coast-wide biomass and describe variation in affected groups by region. Results indicate that developing fisheries on the proposed targets would have small coast-wide effects on other species. However, effects varied significantly within the ecosystem, with higher impacts concentrated in the central California region of the model. Effects of fishing all three groups simultaneously were additive in some cases coast-wide, but were not additive at the regional scale. This work provides a framework for evaluating effects of new fisheries and suggests that regional effects should be evaluated within a larger management context. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Marshall, K. N.; Kaplan, I. C.; Levin, P. S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fishery Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Marshall, KN (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fishery Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kristin.marshall@noaa.gov FU National Research Council (NRC) at NOAA Fisheries FX K. Marshall was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council (NRC) at NOAA Fisheries. We thank four anonymous reviewers for feedback that improved this manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect those of NOAA NMFS. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2014 VL 289 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.003 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP0IR UT WOS:000341745200010 ER PT J AU Libralato, S Pranovi, F Stergiou, KI Link, JS AF Libralato, Simone Pranovi, Fabio Stergiou, Konstantinos I. Link, Jason S. TI Trophodynamics in marine ecology: 70 years after Lindeman INTRODUCTION SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Trophodynamics; Food webs; Food chains; Ecosystem indicators; Trophic level; Food web models ID FOOD-WEB COMPLEXITY; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DELTA-N-15; DYNAMICS; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION; DELTA-C-13; PREDATION AB The seminal work of Lindeman (1942), 'The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology' (Ecology 23: 399), has been an important starting point for the holistic view of ecosystem tropho dynamics, but it was initially seldom applied to marine ecosystems. Over the past 70 years, research on marine trophodynamics has become more widespread, producing a variety of analytical methods, and increasing our understanding of marine ecosystem functioning. Yet difficulties remain in transforming this body of knowledge into operational management of marine ecosystems and marine resources. This Theme Section on 'Trophodynamics in marine ecology' documents recent advances and lessons learned over the past 70 years, and provides an opportunity to reflect on future directions for marine research. C1 [Libralato, Simone] OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog Geofis Sperimentale, Dept Oceanog, Sect Oceanog, I-34010 Sgonico, TS, Italy. [Pranovi, Fabio] Univ Ca Foscari, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Stergiou, Konstantinos I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Dept Zool, Lab Ichthyol, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Stergiou, Konstantinos I.] Inst Marine Biol Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Ctr Marine Res, Athens 16604, Greece. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Libralato, S (reprint author), OGS Ist Nazl Oceanog Geofis Sperimentale, Dept Oceanog, Sect Oceanog, Borgo Grotta Gigante 42-c, I-34010 Sgonico, TS, Italy. EM slibralato@ogs.trieste.it RI Libralato, Simone/N-5668-2015 OI Libralato, Simone/0000-0001-8112-1274 NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 512 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3354/meps11033 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AS1CF UT WOS:000344013800001 ER PT J AU Shannon, L Coll, M Bundy, A Gascuel, D Heymans, JJ Kleisner, K Lynam, CP Piroddi, C Tam, J Travers-Trolet, M Shin, Y AF Shannon, Lynne Coll, Marta Bundy, Alida Gascuel, Didier Heymans, Johanna J. Kleisner, Kristin Lynam, Christopher P. Piroddi, Chiara Tam, Jorge Travers-Trolet, Morgane Shin, Yunne TI Trophic level-based indicators to track fishing impacts across marine ecosystems SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trophic level; Global comparison; Indicator; Survey; Catch; Ecosystem model; Trophic spectra; Convention on Biological Diversity; Food webs; Ecosystem approach to fisheries ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; EASTERN SCOTIAN SHELF; NW MEDITERRANEAN SEA; AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; TRAWL SURVEYS; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; SIZE COMPOSITION; ADRIATIC SEA; WEST-AFRICA AB Trophic level (TL)-based indicators have been widely used to examine fishing impacts in aquatic ecosystems and the induced biodiversity changes. However, much debate has ensued regarding discrepancies and challenges arising from the use of landings data from commercial fisheries to calculate TL indicators. Subsequent studies have started to examine survey-based and model-based indicators. In this paper, we undertake an extensive evaluation of a variety of TL indicators across 9 well-studied marine ecosystems by making use of model-as well as surveyand catch-based TL indicators. Using detailed regional information and data on fishing history, fishing intensity, and environmental conditions, we evaluate how well TL indicators are capturing fishing effects at the community level of marine ecosystems. Our results highlight that the differences observed between TL indicator values and trends is dependent on the data source and the TL cut-off point used in the calculations and is not attributable to an intrinsic problem with TL-based indicators. All 3 data sources provide useful information about the structural changes in the ecosystem as a result of fishing, but our results indicate that only model-based indicators represent fishing impacts at the whole ecosystem level. C1 [Shannon, Lynne; Shin, Yunne] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Shannon, Lynne; Shin, Yunne] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Coll, Marta] Passeig Maritim Barceloneta, CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Bundy, Alida] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Gascuel, Didier] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Ecol & Sante Ecosyst UMR985, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Heymans, Johanna J.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Kleisner, Kristin] Univ British Columbia, Sea Around Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Kleisner, Kristin] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lynam, Christopher P.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci Cefas, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [Piroddi, Chiara] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Tam, Jorge] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Lima, Peru. [Travers-Trolet, Morgane] IFREMER, Fisheries Lab, F-63321 Boulogne, France. [Shin, Yunne] CRH, IRD, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Shannon, L (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Private Bag X3, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM lynne.shannon@uct.ac.za RI Shannon, Lynne/A-1612-2015; Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Heymans, Johanna/H-4848-2012; martel, celine/O-6651-2016; Gascuel, Didier/C-1439-2011; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; OI Shannon, Lynne/0000-0001-7842-0636; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Heymans, Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988; martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Gascuel, Didier/0000-0001-5447-6977; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Tam, Jorge/0000-0001-8224-4313 FU South African Research Chair Initiative - South African Department of Science and Technology (DST); European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant; Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal; French project EMIBIOS (FRB) [APP-SCEN-2010-II]; European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7) [212085]; Fisheries and Oceans Canada SPERA project 'Ecosystem indicators for ecosystem monitoring at different scales'; Conservation International; University of British Columbia; Pew Charitable Trusts; EU FP7 project DEVOTES [308392]; Defra [M1228] FX We are extremely grateful to Herve Demarcq (IRD, France) for making available to us the chlorophyll and sea surface temperature data he extracted and worked up for the 9 ecosystems examined in our study. Advice from Steve Mackinson (CEFAS, UK) regarding the North Sea model was greatly appreciated. L.J.S. was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). M. C. was supported by the European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. Y.J.S. and M. T. were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). L.J.S. and Y.S. were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7, contract no212085). A. B. was supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada SPERA project 'Ecosystem indicators for ecosystem monitoring at different scales' (www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/ecosystem/projects/detail-eng.asp?pid=21). K. K. was supported by Conservation International and the 'Sea Around Us' project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. C. P. L. and C. P. were supported by the EU FP7 project DEVOTES (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu. C. P. L. was also supported by Defra M1228. This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, endorsed by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and the European Network of Excellence Euroceans (www.eur-oceans.eu). NR 101 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 51 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 512 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.3354/meps10821 PG 26 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AS1CF UT WOS:000344013800009 ER PT J AU Kleisner, K Mansour, H Pauly, D AF Kleisner, K. Mansour, H. Pauly, D. TI Region-based MTI: resolving geographic expansion in the Marine Trophic Index SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mean trophic level; Indicators; Expansion of fishing; Fishing-in-Balance Index ID AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; POPULATION; IMPACT; DEEP AB The Marine Trophic Index (MTI), which tracks the mean trophic level of fishery catches from an ecosystem, generally, but not always, tracks changes in mean trophic level of an ensemble of exploited species in response to fishing pressure. However, one of the disadvantages of this indicator is that declines in trophic level can be masked by geographic expansion and/or the development of offshore fisheries, where higher trophic levels of newly accessed resources can overwhelm fishing-down effects closer inshore. Here, we show that the MTI should not be used without accounting for changes in the spatial and bathymetric reach of the fishing fleet, and we develop a new index that accounts for the potential geographic expansion of fisheries, called the region-based MTI (RMTI). To calculate the RMTI, the potential catch that can be obtained given the observed trophic structure of the actual catch is used to assess the fisheries in an initial (usually coastal) region. When the actual catch exceeds the potential catch, this is indicative of a new fishing region being exploited. The MTI of the new region can then be calculated, and subsequent regions are determined in a sequential manner. This method improves upon the use of the Fishing- in-Balance (FiB) index in conjunction with the original MTI calculated over the whole time series because assumptions of fleet and stock stationarity over the entire time series and geographic area are removed. We illustrate the utility of the RMTI with simulated examples and actual data, and generalize these results. C1 [Kleisner, K.; Pauly, D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Around Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Mansour, H.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kleisner, K (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kristin.kleisner@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 512 BP 185 EP 199 DI 10.3354/meps10949 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AS1CF UT WOS:000344013800013 ER PT J AU Pranovi, F Libralato, S Zucchetta, M Link, J AF Pranovi, Fabio Libralato, Simone Zucchetta, Matteo Link, Jason TI Biomass accumulation across trophic levels: analysis of landings for the Mediterranean Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trophodynamic indicators; Trophic level; Cumulative biomass curve; Landings data; Environmental factors; Sensitivity analysis; Mediterranean Sea ID SIZE-BASED INDICATORS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; REFERENCE POINTS; FEEDING-HABITS; FISHERIES; BIODIVERSITY; FISH; RESILIENCE AB The need to implement Ecosystem-Based-Management (EBM) in marine ecosystems and the recent adoption of European Union directives, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), make indicators that are able to describe ecosystem state particularly relevant. The trophodynamic context is promising in that it can define integrative ecosystem indicators from modelling and field data. Here we analyze energy accumulation across trophic levels (TLs), i. e. the accumulation of energy in various biomass components of an ecosystem. The analysis of biomass accumulation across TLs, previously applied to surveys and model output data, was applied to a time series (1970 to 2010) of landings in the Mediterranean Sea and its 8 sub-areas. The standardized cumulative biomass versus TL curves for each year were fit to a logistic function, revealing that the accumulation pattern was detectable using landings data and confirming prior patterns. Parameters describing the curve shape, i. e. basal biomass, inflection point and steepness, were considered as possible indicators for assessing changes of ecosystem state through time. These parameters were able to detect systems modification in terms of both space and time and exhibited differential sensitivity to external drivers. The inflection point was mainly fishery-driven, whereas steepness seems to respond to environmental features, indicating an ability to discriminate across major ecosystem drivers. The application of Monte Carlo un certainty analysis showed that all of the parameters are sufficiently robust to possible sampling errors in the TL assignment to the different taxa. Collectively, these results confirm the robustness of patterns for cumulative biomass across TL curves seen in a growing number of marine eco systems. These emergent features suggest that this approach could produce useful ecosystem indicators for the implementation of EBM and the MSFD. C1 [Pranovi, Fabio; Zucchetta, Matteo] Univ Venice, CEMAS, Environm Sci Informat & Stat Dept, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Libralato, Simone] Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale OGS, Dept Oceanog, Trieste, Italy. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pranovi, F (reprint author), Univ Venice, CEMAS, Environm Sci Informat & Stat Dept, Castello 2737-B, I-30122 Venice, Italy. EM fpranovi@unive.it RI Libralato, Simone/N-5668-2015; OI Libralato, Simone/0000-0001-8112-1274; Zucchetta, Matteo/0000-0002-5431-6751 NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 512 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.3354/meps10881 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AS1CF UT WOS:000344013800014 ER PT J AU Pratt, DK Lynn, JW Mais, J Chmaissem, O Brown, DE Kolesnik, S Dabrowski, B AF Pratt, Daniel K. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Mais, James Chmaissem, Omar Brown, Dennis E. Kolesnik, Stanislaw Dabrowski, Bogdan TI Neutron scattering studies of the ferroelectric distortion and spin dynamics in the type-1 multiferroic perovskite Sr0.56Ba0.44MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The magnetic order, spin dynamics, and crystal structure of the multiferroic Sr0.56Ba0.44MnO3 have been investigated using neutron and x-ray scattering. Ferroelectricity develops at T-C = 305 K with a polarization of 4.2 mu C/cm(2) associated with the displacements of the Mn ions, while the Mn4+ spins order below T-N approximate to 200 K into a simple G-type commensurate magnetic structure. Below TN the ferroelectric order decreases dramatically, demonstrating that the two order parameters are strongly coupled. The ground state spin dynamics is characterized by a spin gap of 4.6(5) meV and the magnon density of states peaking at 43 meV. Detailed spin wave simulations with a gap and isotropic exchange of J = 4.8(2) meV describe the excitation spectrum well. Above TN strong spin correlations coexist with robust ferroelectric order. C1 [Pratt, Daniel K.; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mais, James; Chmaissem, Omar; Brown, Dennis E.; Kolesnik, Stanislaw; Dabrowski, Bogdan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Chmaissem, Omar] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.Lynn@nist.gov FU National Research Council NIST; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge R. J. McQueeney for the use of the spin dynamics code as well as advice for employing the code in our study, and Steven Disseler, Ronald Cappelletti, and William Ratcliff for their assistance. D. K.P. would like to acknowledge support from the National Research Council NIST postdoctoral associateship program. O.C. acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 14 AR 140401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.140401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AR7PO UT WOS:000343772000002 ER PT J AU Vodola, D Lepori, L Ercolessi, E Gorshkov, AV Pupillo, G AF Vodola, Davide Lepori, Luca Ercolessi, Elisa Gorshkov, Alexey V. Pupillo, Guido TI Kitaev Chains with Long-Range Pairing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAJORANA FERMIONS; FIELD-THEORY; NANOWIRE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; SIGNATURE; ENTROPY; MODELS AB We propose and analyze a generalization of the Kitaev chain for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing, which decays with distance as a power law with exponent a. Using the integrability of the model, we demonstrate the existence of two types of gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range (a > 1) or purely algebraically (a < 1). Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing is found to break conformal symmetry for sufficiently small a. This is accompanied by a violation of the area law for the entanglement entropy in large parts of the phase diagram in the presence of a gap and can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. Some of these features may be relevant for current experiments with cold atomic ions. C1 [Vodola, Davide; Lepori, Luca; Pupillo, Guido] Univ Strasbourg, IPCMS UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Vodola, Davide; Lepori, Luca; Pupillo, Guido] Univ Strasbourg, ISIS UMR 7006, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Vodola, Davide; Lepori, Luca; Pupillo, Guido] CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Vodola, Davide; Ercolessi, Elisa] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Vodola, Davide; Ercolessi, Elisa] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vodola, D (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, IPCMS UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU ERC-St [307688]; EOARD; UdS via Labex NIE; IdEX; NSF PFC at JQI; NSF PIF; ARO FX We thank A. Turner for suggesting the idea of studying the LR Kitaev wire. We thank M. Baranov, P. Calabrese, L. Fidkowski, M. Foss-Feig, Z.-X. Gong, F. Mezzacapo, S. Michalakis, J. Preskill, E. Rico, T. Roscilde, G. Sierra, and L. Taddia for useful discussions. We acknowledge support by the ERC-St Grant ColdSIM (Grant No. 307688), EOARD, and UdS via Labex NIE and IdEX, NSF PFC at JQI, NSF PIF, ARO, Initial Training Network COHERENCE, and computing time at the HPC-UdS. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 15 AR 156402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.156402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AR7OP UT WOS:000343769400004 PM 25375726 ER PT J AU Mullan, M Knill, E AF Mullan, Michael Knill, Emanuel TI Optimizing passive quantum clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; STATES; ENTANGLEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE AB We describe protocols for passive atomic clocks based on quantum interrogation of the atoms. Unlike previous techniques, our protocols are adaptive and take advantage of prior information about the clock's state. To reduce deviations from an ideal clock, each interrogation is optimized by means of a semidefinite program for atomic state preparation and measurement whose objective function depends on the prior information. Our knowledge of the clock's state is maintained according to a Bayesian model that accounts for noise and measurement results. We implement a full simulation of a running clock with power-law noise models and find significant improvements by applying our techniques. C1 [Mullan, Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mullan, Michael; Knill, Emanuel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mullan, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 8 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 042310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042310 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0AS UT WOS:000343941600003 ER PT J AU Mahmud, KW Jiang, L Johnson, PR Tiesinga, E AF Mahmud, K. W. Jiang, L. Johnson, P. R. Tiesinga, E. TI Collapse and revivals for systems of short-range phase coherence SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE collapse and revivals; many-body dynamics; optical lattices ID BOSE-HUBBARD MODEL; OPTICAL LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; ULTRACOLD GASES; QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS; ATOMS AB We predict the existence of novel collapse and revival oscillations that are a distinctive signature of the short-range off-diagonal coherence. Starting with an atomic Mott state in a one-dimensional optical lattice, suddenly raising the lattice depth freezes particle-hole pairs in place and induces phase oscillations. The peak of the quasi-momentum distribution, revealed through time-of-flight interference, oscillates between a maximum occupation at zero quasi-momentum (the Gamma point) and the edge of the Brillouin zone. We show that the population enhancements at the edge of the Brillouin zone are due to short-range coherence due to particle-hole pairs, and we find similar effects for fermions and Bose-Fermi mixtures in a lattice. Our results open a new dynamic probe for strongly correlated many-body states with short-range phase coherence that is distinct from the matter-wave collapse and revivals previously observed in the long-range coherent superfluid regime. C1 [Mahmud, K. W.; Jiang, L.; Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahmud, K. W.; Jiang, L.; Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Mahmud, KW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmahmud@umd.edu FU US Army Research Office [60661PH] FX We acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under Contract No. 60661PH. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 103009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/10/103009 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS2FC UT WOS:000344094100007 ER PT J AU Conny, JM Collins, SM Herzing, AA AF Conny, Joseph M. Collins, Sean M. Herzing, Andrew A. TI Qualitative Multiplatform Microanalysis of Individual Heterogeneous Atmospheric Particles from High-Volume Air Samples SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY LOSS SPECTRA; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON; GRAPHITE; AEROSOLS; SHAPE; EDGE AB High-resolution microscopic analysis of individual atmospheric particles can be difficult, because the filters upon which particles are captured are often not suitable as substrates for microscopic analysis. Described here is a multiplatform approach for microscopically assessing chemical and optical properties of individual heterogeneous urban dust particles captured on fibrous filters during high-volume air sampling. First, particles embedded in fibrous filters are transferred to polished silicon or germanium wafers with electrostatically assisted high-speed centrifugation. Particles are clustered in an array of deposit areas, which allows for particles with light-absorbing and/or light-scattering behaviour are identified for further sgtudy from bright-field and dark-field light-microscopy modes, respectively. Third, particles identified from light microscopy are compositionally mapped at high definition with field- emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fourth compositionally mapped particles are further analyzed with focused ion-beam (FIB) tomography, whereby a series of thin slices from a particle are imaged, and the resulting image stack is used to construct a three-dimensional model of the particle. Finally particle chemistry is assessed over two distinct regions of a thin FIB slice of a particle with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy associated with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). C1 [Conny, Joseph M.; Collins, Sean M.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Conny, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.conny@nist.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 19 BP 9709 EP 9716 DI 10.1021/ac5022612 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AQ7RO UT WOS:000343017100054 PM 25220253 ER PT J AU Grusdt, F Letscher, F Hafezi, M Fleischhauer, M AF Grusdt, Fabian Letscher, Fabian Hafezi, Mohammad Fleischhauer, Michael TI Topological Growing of Laughlin States in Synthetic Gauge Fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INCOMPRESSIBLE QUANTUM FLUID; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; HALL STATES; EXCITATIONS; ANYONS; QUANTIZATION; COMPUTATION; STATISTICS; INSULATORS AB We suggest a scheme for the preparation of highly correlated Laughlin states in the presence of synthetic gauge fields, realizing an analogue of the fractional quantum Hall effect in photonic or atomic systems of interacting bosons. It is based on the idea of growing such states by adding weakly interacting composite fermions along with magnetic flux quanta one by one. The topologically protected Thouless pump ("Laughlin's argument") is used to create two localized flux quanta and the resulting hole excitation is subsequently filled by a single boson, which, together with one of the flux quanta, forms a composite fermion. Using our protocol, filling 1/2 Laughlin states can be grown with particle number N increasing linearly in time and strongly suppressed number fluctuations. To demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme, we consider two-dimensional lattices subject to effective magnetic fields and strong on-site interactions. We present numerical simulations of small lattice systems and also discuss the influence of losses. C1 [Grusdt, Fabian; Letscher, Fabian; Fleischhauer, Michael] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Grusdt, Fabian; Letscher, Fabian; Fleischhauer, Michael] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Grusdt, Fabian] Grad Sch Mat Sci Mainz, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, ECE Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Grusdt, F (reprint author), Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU NSF-Physics Frontier Center at the JQI; ARO MURI Grant [W911NF0910406]; Excellence Initiative [DFG/GSC 266]; Marion Koser Stiftung; DFG [SFB/TR 49] FX The authors thank N. Yao, M. Lukin, M. Honing, and N. Lauk for helpful discussions. Support was provided by the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI and by ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF0910406. F. G. received support through the Excellence Initiative (DFG/GSC 266) and he gratefully acknowledges financial support from the "Marion Koser Stiftung." Financial support by the DFG within the SFB/TR 49 is also acknowledged. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 15 AR 155301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.155301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AQ4VD UT WOS:000342797100008 PM 25375718 ER PT J AU Johnstone, JA Mantua, NJ AF Johnstone, James A. Mantua, Nathan J. TI Atmospheric controls on northeast Pacific temperature variability and change, 1900-2012 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ocean-atmosphere coupling; Pacific climate; western US temperature; climate change ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECLINING MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; DECADAL OSCILLATION; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; LEVEL PRESSURE; TRENDS; AMERICA AB Over the last century, northeast Pacific coastal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and land-based surface air temperatures (SATs) display multidecadal variations associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, in addition to a warming trend of similar to 0.5-1 degrees C. Using independent records of sea-level pressure (SLP), SST, and SAT, this study investigates northeast (NE) Pacific coupled atmosphere-ocean variability from 1900 to 2012, with emphasis on the coastal areas around North America. We use a linear stochastic time series model to show that the SST evolution around the NE Pacific coast can be explained by a combination of regional atmospheric forcing and ocean persistence, accounting for 63% of nonseasonal monthly SST variance (r = 0.79) and 73% of variance in annual means (r = 0.86). We show that SLP reductions and related atmospheric forcing led to century-long warming around the NE Pacific margins, with the strongest trends observed from 1910-1920 to 1940. NE Pacific circulation changes are estimated to account for more than 80% of the 1900-2012 linear warming in coastal NE Pacific SST and US Pacific northwest (Washington, Oregon, and northern California) SAT. An ensemble of climate model simulations run under the same historical radiative forcings fails to reproduce the observed regional circulation trends. These results suggest that natural internally generated changes in atmospheric circulation were the primary cause of coastal NE Pacific warming from 1900 to 2012 and demonstrate more generally that regional mechanisms of interannual and multidecadal temperature variability can also extend to century time scales. C1 [Johnstone, James A.; Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Nat Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Johnstone, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jajstone@gmail.com NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 7 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 40 BP 14360 EP 14365 DI 10.1073/pnas.1318371111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ2QU UT WOS:000342633900029 PM 25246555 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Tarling, GA Bakker, DCE Fielding, S Feely, RA AF Bednarsek, Nina Tarling, Geraint A. Bakker, Dorothee C. E. Fielding, Sophie Feely, Richard A. TI Dissolution Dominating Calcification Process in Polar Pteropods Close to the Point of Aragonite Undersaturation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LIMACINA-HELICINA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; CARBONATE SYSTEM; SHELL GROWTH; SCOTIA SEA; SATURATION; IMPACT AB Thecosome pteropods are abundant upper-ocean zooplankton that build aragonite shells. Ocean acidification results in the lowering of aragonite saturation levels in the surface layers, and several incubation studies have shown that rates of calcification in these organisms decrease as a result. This study provides a weight-specific net calcification rate function for thecosome pteropods that includes both rates of dissolution and calcification over a range of plausible future aragonite saturation states (Omega(ar)). We measured gross dissolution in the pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica in the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean) by incubating living specimens across a range of aragonite saturation states for a maximum of 14 days. Specimens started dissolving almost immediately upon exposure to undersaturated conditions (Omega(ar) similar to 0.8), losing 1.4% of shell mass per day. The observed rate of gross dissolution was different from that predicted by rate law kinetics of aragonite dissolution, in being higher at Omega(ar) levels slightly above 1 and lower at Omega(ar) levels of between 1 and 0.8. This indicates that shell mass is affected by even transitional levels of saturation, but there is, nevertheless, some partial means of protection for shells when in undersaturated conditions. A function for gross dissolution against Omega(ar) derived from the present observations was compared to a function for gross calcification derived by a different study, and showed that dissolution became the dominating process even at Omega(ar) levels close to 1, with net shell growth ceasing at an Omega(ar) of 1.03. Gross dissolution increasingly dominated net change in shell mass as saturation levels decreased below 1. As well as influencing their viability, such dissolution of pteropod shells in the surface layers will result in slower sinking velocities and decreased carbon and carbonate fluxes to the deep ocean. C1 [Bednarsek, Nina; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bednarsek, Nina; Tarling, Geraint A.; Fielding, Sophie] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Bednarsek, Nina; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015 OI Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337 FU FAASIS (Fellowships in Antarctic Air-Sea-Ice Science), a European Union Marie Curie Early Stage Training Network [MEST-CT-2004-514159]; Ecosystems Programme at the British Antarctic Survey; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - Natural Environment Research Council; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Department for Energy and Climate Change [NE/H017267/1]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program FX NB was supported by the FAASIS (Fellowships in Antarctic Air-Sea-Ice Science, MEST-CT-2004-514159), a European Union Marie Curie Early Stage Training Network. GT and SOF were supported by the Ecosystems Programme at the British Antarctic Survey. GT and DCEB received additional support from the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Department for Energy and Climate Change (grant no. NE/H017267/1). RF was supported by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109183 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109183 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU6XC UT WOS:000345743700052 PM 25285916 ER PT J AU Weiler, M Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Weiler, Mathias Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. TI Phase-Sensitive Detection of Spin Pumping via the ac Inverse Spin Hall Effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS AB We use a phase-sensitive, quantitative technique to separate inductive and ac inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) voltages observed in Ni81Fe19/normal metal multilayers under the condition of ferromagnetic resonance. For Ni81Fe19/Pt thin film bilayers and at microwave frequencies from 7 to 20 GHz, we observe an ac ISHE magnitude that is much larger than that expected from the dc spin Hall angle Theta(Pt)(SH) = 0.1. Furthermore, at these frequencies, we find an unexpected, approximate to 110 degrees phase of the ac ISHE signal relative to the in-plane component of the resonant magnetization precession. We attribute our findings to a dominant intrinsic ac ISHE in Pt. C1 [Weiler, Mathias; Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weiler, M (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mathias.weiler@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX M. W. acknowledges support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Technical assistance by Anthony Kos is greatly appreciated. This work is a contribution of the NIST and is not subject to copyright. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 15 AR 157204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.157204 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS4KW UT WOS:000344245600017 PM 25375738 ER PT J AU Xu, MH Tieri, DA Fine, EC Thompson, JK Holland, MJ AF Xu, Minghui Tieri, D. A. Fine, E. C. Thompson, James K. Holland, M. J. TI Synchronization of Two Ensembles of Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE AB We propose a system for observing the correlated phase dynamics of two mesoscopic ensembles of atoms through their collective coupling to an optical cavity. We find a dynamical quantum phase transition induced by pump noise and cavity output coupling. The spectral properties of the superradiant light emitted from the cavity show that at a critical pump rate the system undergoes a transition from the behavior of two independent oscillators to the phase locking that is the signature of quantum synchronization. C1 [Xu, Minghui] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Xu, Minghui/D-4701-2017 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NSF; NIST; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX We acknowledge stimulating discussions with J. Cooper, J. G. Restrepo, D. Meiser, K. Hazzard, and A. M. Rey. This work has been supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, the NSF, and NIST. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 15 AR 154101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.154101 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS4KW UT WOS:000344245600006 PM 25375711 ER PT J AU Valivarthi, R Lucio-Martinez, I Rubenok, A Chan, P Marsili, F Verma, VB Shaw, MD Stern, JA Slater, JA Oblak, D Nam, SW Tittel, W AF Valivarthi, R. Lucio-Martinez, I. Rubenok, A. Chan, P. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Stern, J. A. Slater, J. A. Oblak, D. Nam, S. W. Tittel, W. TI Efficient Bell state analyzer for time-bin qubits with fast-recovery WSi superconducting single photon detectors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; TELEPORTATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB We experimentally demonstrate a high-efficiency Bell state measurement for time-bin qubits that employs two superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with short dead-times, allowing projections onto two Bell states, vertical bar psi(-)> and vertical bar psi(+)>. Compared to previous implementations for time-bin qubits, this yields an increase in the efficiency of Bell state analysis by a factor of thirty. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Valivarthi, R.; Lucio-Martinez, I.; Rubenok, A.; Chan, P.; Slater, J. A.; Oblak, D.; Tittel, W.] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Valivarthi, R.; Lucio-Martinez, I.; Rubenok, A.; Slater, J. A.; Oblak, D.; Tittel, W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Chan, P.] Univ Calgary, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Shaw, M. D.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Valivarthi, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM vrrvaliv@ucalgary.ca RI Slater, Joshua/F-2523-2011; Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011 FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF); National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quiness Program [W31P4Q-13-1-0004]; Killam Trusts; DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) program FX WT, JAS, PC, AR, RV, ILM and DO thank Neil Sinclair and Vladimir Kiselyov for discussions and technical support, and acknowledge funding by Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF), the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quiness Program under Grant No. W31P4Q-13-1-0004, and the Killam Trusts. VBV and SWN acknowledge partial funding for detector development from the DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) program. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 20 BP 24497 EP 24506 DI 10.1364/OE.22.024497 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IE UT WOS:000342757000073 PM 25322025 ER PT J AU Putman, NF Jenkins, ES Michielsens, CGJ Noakes, DLG AF Putman, Nathan F. Jenkins, Erica S. Michielsens, Catherine G. J. Noakes, David L. G. TI Geomagnetic imprinting predicts spatio-temporal variation in homing migration of pink and sockeye salmon SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE movement ecology; magnetic navigation; geomagnetic secular variation; migration; homing; salmon ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; PACIFIC SALMON; MAGNETIC MAP; ANIMAL NAVIGATION; MOVEMENT ECOLOGY; OCEAN NAVIGATION; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHESIS AB Animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, but how each is weighted during different phases of movement (e. g. dispersal, foraging, homing) is controversial. Here, we examine the geomagnetic and olfactory imprinting hypotheses of natal homing with datasets that recorded variation in the migratory routes of sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) salmon returning from the Pacific Ocean to the Fraser River, British Columbia. Drift of the magnetic field (i.e. geomagnetic imprinting) uniquely accounted for 23.2% and 44.0% of the variation in migration routes for sockeye and pink salmon, respectively. Ocean circulation (i.e. olfactory imprinting) predicted 6.1% and 0.1% of the variation in sockeye and pink migration routes, respectively. Sea surface temperature (a variable influencing salmon distribution but not navigation, directly) accounted for 13.0% of the variation in sockeye migration but was unrelated to pink migration. These findings suggest that geomagnetic navigation plays an important role in long-distance homing in salmon and that consideration of navigation mechanisms can aid in the management of migratory fishes by better predicting movement patterns. Finally, given the diversity of animals that use the Earth's magnetic field for navigation, geomagnetic drift may provide a unifying explanation for spatio-temporal variation in the movement patterns of many species. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.; Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jenkins, Erica S.; Michielsens, Catherine G. J.] Pacific Salmon Commiss, Vancouver, BC V6E 1B5, Canada. [Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Alsea, OR 97324 USA. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com FU Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Financial support was provided by Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 69 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD OCT 6 PY 2014 VL 11 IS 99 AR 20140542 DI 10.1098/rsif.2014.0542 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO1UP UT WOS:000341100800012 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Yan, Y Martin, J Otani, M Thomas, EL Tang, XF Green, ML AF Wong-Ng, W. Yan, Y. Martin, J. Otani, M. Thomas, E. L. Tang, X. F. Green, M. L. TI Development and Applications of Non-destructive Screening Tools for Thermoelectric Materials at NIST SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectric properties; high throughput thermoelectric screening tools; combinatorial films; applications of thermoelectric screening tools; thermoelectric materials ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MERIT; FIGURE; FILMS AB The increased research and development of thermoelectric materials for energy conversion applications is driven primarily by the need for improved efficiency in the global utilization of energy resources. To facilitate the search for higher efficiency thermoelectric materials, we have developed a suite of complimentary high-throughput screening systems for performing thermoelectric metrology on combinatorial thin films. These custom capabilities include a facility for combinatorial thin film synthesis and suite of tools for screening the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistance, and thermal conductivity of combinatorial films. The room temperature Seebeck coefficient and resistance are measured via an automated multiprobe apparatus, thus obtaining the power factor, S-2 sigma (where S = Seebeck coefficient, sigma = electrical conductivity). In addition, we are developing a high temperature (>300K) power factor screening tool. Thermal effusivity (to calculate the thermal conductivity) is measured using a frequency domain thermo-reflectance technique. Using these tools, we are capable of performing power factor and thermal conductivity measurements on 1000 distinct sample-points within 6hours for each instrument. This paper will detail several application examples using these tools on thermoelectric materials, including composition-spread films, conventional thin films, bulk ceramics, ribbons/tapes, and on single crystals. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Yan, Y.; Martin, J.; Otani, M.; Green, M. L.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, E. L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Air Force Res Lab, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tang, X. F.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PD OCT 3 PY 2014 VL 470 IS 1 SI SI BP 241 EP 259 DI 10.1080/00150193.2014.923725 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA AR1BV UT WOS:000343316400029 ER PT J AU Sandwell, DT Muller, RD Smith, WHF Garcia, E Francis, R AF Sandwell, David T. Mueller, R. Dietmar Smith, Walter H. F. Garcia, Emmanuel Francis, Richard TI New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC; RECONSTRUCTIONS; KINEMATICS; MARGIN; BASIN; RIDGE; FIELD AB Gravity models are powerful tools for mapping tectonic structures, especially in the deep ocean basins where the topography remains unmapped by ships or is buried by thick sediment. We combined new radar altimeter measurements from satellites CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 with existing data to construct a global marine gravity model that is two times more accurate than previous models. We found an extinct spreading ridge in the Gulf of Mexico, a major propagating rift in the South Atlantic Ocean, abyssal hill fabric on slow-spreading ridges, and thousands of previously uncharted seamounts. These discoveries allow us to understand regional tectonic processes and highlight the importance of satellite-derived gravity models as one of the primary tools for the investigation of remote ocean basins. C1 [Sandwell, David T.; Garcia, Emmanuel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mueller, R. Dietmar] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, EarthByte Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Francis, Richard] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Sandwell, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsandwell@ucsd.edu RI Krammel, Vera/N-4826-2014; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Krammel, Vera/0000-0002-8273-8396; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU NSF [OCE-1128801]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0111]; National Geospatial Intelligence Agency [HM0177-13-1-0008]; Australian Research Council [FL099224]; ConocoPhillips FX The CryoSat-2 data were provided by the European Space Agency, and NASA/Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales provided data from the Jason-1 altimeter. This research was supported by NSF (grant OCE-1128801), the Office of Naval Research (grant N00014-12-1-0111), the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (grant HM0177-13-1-0008), the Australian Research Council (grant FL099224), and ConocoPhillips. Version 23 of global grids of the gravity anomalies and VGG can be downloaded from the supplementary materials and also at the following FTP site: ftp://topex.ucsd.edu/pub/global_grav_1min. The manuscript contents are the opinions of the authors, and the participation of W. H. F. S. should not be construed as indicating that the contents of the paper are a statement of official policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 18 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 3 PY 2014 VL 346 IS 6205 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1126/science.1258213 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ0BR UT WOS:000342446900050 PM 25278606 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Xiong, AY Hong, Y Yu, JJ Pan, Y Chen, ZQ Saharia, M AF Shen, Yan Xiong, Anyuan Hong, Yang Yu, Jingjing Pan, Yang Chen, Zhuoqi Saharia, Manabendra TI Uncertainty analysis of five satellite-based precipitation products and evaluation of three optimally merged multi-algorithm products over the Tibetan Plateau SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; NEURAL-NETWORK; COMPOSITE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB This study is the first comprehensive examination of uncertainty with respect to region, season, rain rate, topography, and snow cover of five mainstream satellite-based precipitation products over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) for the period 2005-2007. It further investigates three merging approaches in order to provide the best possible products for climate and hydrology research studies. Spatial distribution of uncertainty varies from higher uncertainty in the eastern and southern TP and relatively smaller uncertainty in the western and northern TP. The uncertainty is highly seasonal, temporally varying with a decreasing trend from January to April and then remaining relatively low and increasing after October, with an obvious winter peak and summer valley. Overall, the uncertainty also shows an exponentially decreasing trend with higher rainfall rates. The effect of topography on the uncertainty tends to rapidly increase when elevation exceeds 4000m, while the impact slowly decreases in areas lower than that topography. The influence of the elevation on the uncertainty is significant for all seasons except for the summer. Further cross-investigation found that the uncertainty trend is highly correlated with the MODIS-derived snow cover fraction (SCF) time series over the TP (e.g. correlation coefficient >= 0.75). Finally, to reduce the still relatively large and complex uncertainty over the TP, three data merging methods are examined to provide the best possible satellite precipitation data by optimally combining the five products. The three merging methods - arithmetic mean, inverse-error-square weight, and one-outlier-removed arithmetic mean - show insignificant yet subtle differences. The Bias and RMSE of the three merging methods is dependent on the seasons, but the one-outlier-removed method is more robust and its result outperforms the five individual products in all the seasons except for the winter. The correlation coefficient of the three merging methods is consistently higher than any of five individual satellite estimates, indicating the superiority of the method. This optimally merging multi-algorithm method is a cost-effective way to provide satellite precipitation data of better quality with less uncertainty over the TP in the present era prior to the Global Precipitaton Measurement Mission. C1 [Shen, Yan; Xiong, Anyuan; Yu, Jingjing; Pan, Yang] Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang; Saharia, Manabendra] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang; Saharia, Manabendra] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chen, Zhuoqi] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2012BAC22B04]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201406001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51379056, 41101375] FX This work was supported by grants from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2012BAC22B04]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201406001]; and National Natural Science Foundation of China [51379056, 41101375]. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 35 IS 19 BP 6843 EP 6858 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.960612 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AR0WQ UT WOS:000343294600001 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Borchers, JA Booth, RA Ijiri, Y Hasz, K Rhyne, JJ Majetich, SA AF Krycka, K. L. Borchers, J. A. Booth, R. A. Ijiri, Y. Hasz, K. Rhyne, J. J. Majetich, S. A. TI Origin of Surface Canting within Fe3O4 Nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLARIZED NEUTRONS; MAGNETITE; SEPARATION; ANISOTROPY; SANS AB The nature of near-surface spin canting within Fe3O4 nanoparticles is highly debated. Here we develop a neutron scattering asymmetry analysis which quantifies the canting angle to between 23 degrees and 42 degrees at 1.2 T. Simultaneously, an energy-balance model is presented which reproduces the experimentally observed evolution of shell thickness and canting angle between 10 and 300 K. The model is based on the concept of T-d site reorientation and indicates that surface canting involves competition between magnetocrystalline, dipolar, exchange, and Zeeman energies. C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Booth, R. A.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ijiri, Y.; Hasz, K.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Rhyne, J. J.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-1104489]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46481] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants No. DMR-0944772 (neutron instrumentation used by all authors) and No. DMR-1104489 (Y. I.) and Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46481 (S. M.). We thank W. C. Chen and S. M. Watson for their assistance with the polarized 3He spin filters and P. Kienzle for his discussions regarding locating energy minima. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 2 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 14 AR 147203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.147203 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AQ2TI UT WOS:000342641700005 PM 25325655 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P AF Dizdaroglu, Miral Jaruga, Pawel TI Small molecule inhibitors of DNA glycosylases as potential drugs in cancer therapy SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 05-09, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 74 IS 19 SU S MA 2421 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2421 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CB8UN UT WOS:000349906903149 ER PT J AU Xiao, CL Zook, J Trask, S Sherry, S AF Xiao, Chunlin Zook, Justin Trask, Shane Sherry, Stephen CA Genome-In-A-Bottle Consortium TI GIAB: Genome reference material development resources for clinical sequencing SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research (AACR) CY APR 05-09, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res C1 [Xiao, Chunlin; Trask, Shane; Sherry, Stephen] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zook, Justin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 74 IS 19 SU S MA 5328 DI 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5328 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CB8VR UT WOS:000349910204248 ER PT J AU Newcomer Johnson, TA Kaushal, SS Mayer, PM Grese, MM AF Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A. Kaushal, Sujay S. Mayer, Paul M. Grese, Melissa M. TI Effects of stormwater management and stream restoration on watershed nitrogen retention SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Hydrologic connectivity; Floodplains; Stormwater management; Stream restoration; Urban watershed continuum approach ID URBAN LANDSCAPE; LAND-USE; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; RIPARIAN ZONES; DEGRADED URBAN; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DENITRIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; NUTRIENT AB Restoring urban infrastructure and managing the nitrogen cycle represent emerging challenges for urban water quality. We investigated whether stormwater control measures (SCMs), a form of green infrastructure, integrated into restored and degraded urban stream networks can influence watershed nitrogen loads. We hypothesized that hydrologically connected floodplains and SCMs are "hot spots" for nitrogen removal through denitrification because they have ample organic carbon, low dissolved oxygen levels, and extended hydrologic residence times. We tested this hypothesis by comparing nitrogen retention metrics in two urban stream networks (one restored and one urban degraded) that each contain SCMs, and a forested reference watershed at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site. We used an urban watershed continuum approach which included sampling over both space and time with a combination of: (1) longitudinal reach-scale mass balances of nitrogen and carbon conducted over 2 years during baseflow and storms (n = 24 sampling dates x 15 stream reaches = 360) and (2) N-15 push-pull tracer experiments to measure in situ denitrification in SCMs and floodplain features (n = 72). The SCMs consisted of inline wetlands installed below a storm drain outfall at one urban site (restored Spring Branch) and a wetland/wet pond configured in an oxbow design to receive water during high flow events at another highly urbanized site (Gwynns Run). The SCMs significantly decreased total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations at both sites and significantly increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations at one site. At Spring Branch, TDN retention estimated by mass balance (g/day) was similar to 150 times higher within the stream network than the SCMs. There were no significant differences between mean in situ denitrification rates between SCMs and hydrologically connected floodplains. Longitudinal N budgets along the stream network showed that hydrologically connected floodplains were important sites for watershed nitrogen retention due to groundwater-surface water interactions. Overall, our results indicate that hydrologic variability can influence nitrogen source/sink dynamics along engineered stream networks. Our analysis also suggests that some major predictors for watershed N retention were: (1) streamwater and groundwater flux through stream restoration or stormwater management controls, (2) hydrologic residence times, and (3) surface area of hydrologically connected features. C1 [Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Grese, Melissa M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Grese, Melissa M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Newcomer Johnson, TA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Off, 1315 East West Highway SSMC 3 11876, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tammy.Newcomer@NOAA.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/D-1045-2013; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Newcomer Johnson, Tamara/0000-0002-2496-7641; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU MD Sea Grant Awards [SA7528085-U, R/WS-2, NA05OAR4171042]; NSF [DBI 0640300, CBET 1058502]; EPA NNEMS Award [2010-308]; NASA [NASA NNX11AM28G]; U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development; Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project [NSF DEB-0423476] FX This research was supported by MD Sea Grant Awards SA7528085-U, R/WS-2 and NA05OAR4171042, NSF Awards DBI 0640300 and CBET 1058502, EPA NNEMS Award 2010-308, NASA grant NASA NNX11AM28G, the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, and Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER project (NSF DEB-0423476). We thank Melanie Harrison, Jeff Campbell, Katie Delaney-Newcomb, Gwen Sivirichi, Michael Pennino, Dan Dillon, Shuiwang Duan, Casie Smith, and Rich Foot for assistance in the lab and field. Steve Stewart, Prakash Mistry, and Bill Stack provided help with selection of field sites and logistical support. The research has not been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 EI 1573-515X J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2014 VL 121 IS 1 BP 81 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10533-014-9999-5 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP2NG UT WOS:000341908600005 ER PT J AU Ware, C Kelley, JGW Pilar, D AF Ware, Colin Kelley, John G. W. Pilar, David TI IMPROVING THE DISPLAY OF WIND PATTERNS AND OCEAN CURRENTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VISUALIZATION; PERCEPTION; FIELD; USER AB Considerable effort has gone into building numerical weather and ocean prediction models during the past 50 years. Less effort has gone into the visual representation of output from those forecast models and many of the techniques used are known to be ineffective. The effectiveness of a data display depends on how well critical patterns can be perceived. This paper outlines a set of perceptual principles for what makes a good representation of a 2D vector field and shows how these principles can be used for the portrayal of currents, winds, and waves. Examples are given from a series of evaluation studies that examine the optimal representation of these variables. The results suggest that for static graphic presentations, equally spaced streamlines may be optimal. If wind barbs are curved to follow streamlines, perception of local wind speed and direction as well as the overall pattern is improved. For animated portrayals of model output, animated streamlets can perceptually separate layers of information so that atmospheric pressure and surface temperature can clearly be shown simultaneously with surface winds. C1 [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Data Visualizat Res Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kelley, John G. W.] NOAA, UNH Joint Hydrog Ctr, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab,Marine Modeling Program, Durham, NH USA. [Kelley, John G. W.] NOAA, UNH Joint Hydrog Ctr, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab,Anal Program, Durham, NH USA. [Pilar, David] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ware, C (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Data Visualizat Res Lab, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM cware@ccom.unh.edu FU NOAA [NA05NOS4001153]; NSF ITR [0324899] FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA Grant NA05NOS4001153 and by NSF ITR Grant 0324899. The authors thank Jason Greenlaw, Matthew Plumlee, and Roland Arsenault for their help in improving FlowVis2D software in NOS' nowCOAST GIS-based web mapping portal. We also thank Matthew Plumlee, Peter Mitchell, and Daniel Pineo, who participated in the research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 95 IS 10 BP 1573 EP 1581 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00135.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5SZ UT WOS:000346335400006 ER PT J AU Tandeck, M Zhang, J Aubin, S Behr, JA Collister, R Gomez, E Gwinner, G Heggen, H Lassen, J Orozco, LA Pearson, MR Raeder, S Teigelhofer, A AF Tandeck, M. Zhang, J. Aubin, S. Behr, J. A. Collister, R. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Heggen, H. Lassen, J. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. Raeder, S. Teigelhoefer, A. TI Offline trapping of Fr-221 in a magneto-optical trap from implantation of an Ac-225 ion beam SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Laser cooling; Instrumentation for radioactive beams (fragmentation devices; fragment and isotope, separators incl. ISOL; isobar separators; ion and atom traps; weak-beam diagnostics; radioactive-beam ion sources) ID HALF-LIFE; DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; FRANCIUM AB We demonstrate a new technique to prepare an offline source of francium for trapping in a magneto-optical trap. Implanting a radioactive beam of Ac-225, t(1/2) = 9 : 920 (3) days, in a foil, allows use of the decay products, i.e. Fr-221, t(1/2) = 288.0 (4) s. Fr-221 is ejected from the foil by the a decay of Ac-225. This technique is compatible with the online accumulation of a laser-cooled atomic francium sample for a series of planned parity non-conservation measurements at TRIUMF. We obtain a 34% release efficiency for Fr-221 from the recoil source based on particle detector measurements. We find that laser cooling operation with the source is 8(-5)(+10) times less efficient than from a mass-separated ion beam of Fr-221 in the current geometry. While the flux of this source is two to three orders of magnitude lower than typical francium beams from ISOL facilities, the source provides a longer-term supply of francium for offline studies. C1 [Tandeck, M.; Behr, J. A.; Heggen, H.; Lassen, J.; Pearson, M. R.; Raeder, S.; Teigelhoefer, A.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.; Teigelhoefer, A.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. RP Behr, JA (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM behr@triumf.ca RI Raeder, Sebastian/F-5910-2013 FU NSERC; NRC from Canada; NSF; DOE from U.S.A.; CONACYT from Mexico FX This work is supported by NSERC and NRC from Canada, NSF and DOE from U.S.A., CONACYT from Mexico. We acknowledge helpful discussions with H. Gould, K. Johnston, M. Kowalska, P. Kunz and M. Lindroos. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 9 AR P10013 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/P10013 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA AU8PK UT WOS:000345858500056 ER PT J AU Scheuerer, M Konig, G AF Scheuerer, M. Koenig, G. TI Gridded, locally calibrated, probabilistic temperature forecasts based on ensemble model output statistics SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE temperature; gridding; ensemble prediction; forecast calibration ID PREDICTION AB We propose a further refinement of the the non-homogeneous Gaussian regression approach for temperature, which transforms the output of an ensemble prediction system into predictive Gaussian distributions at each location of interest. Model fitting is partly done within a regression framework using a penalized version of the least-squares loss function. This is conceptually simpler than the original approach and at the same time is able to prevent overfitting. While calibration is initially performed at observation locations only, geostatistical methods are used to provide predictive distributions on the entire grid. The incorporation of land-use information in this interpolation scheme further improves predictive performance, even though a simpler statistical model than in the original approach is used. The assessment of predictive performance and calibration is carried out with dynamical forecasts of 2 m temperatures by the COSMO-DE-EPS, an application of the COSMO (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling) model system which covers Germany and neighbouring countries. C1 [Scheuerer, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koenig, G.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Angew Math, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Scheuerer, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.scheuerer@noaa.gov RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research FX This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, within the framework of the extramural research program of Deutscher Wetterdienst. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 685 BP 2582 EP 2590 DI 10.1002/qj.2323 PN B PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YL UT WOS:000346346700016 ER PT J AU Musser, WB Bowles, AE Grebner, DM Crance, JL AF Musser, Whitney B. Bowles, Ann E. Grebner, Dawn M. Crance, Jessica L. TI Differences in acoustic features of vocalizations produced by killer whales cross-socialized with bottlenose dolphins SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; SIGNATURE WHISTLES; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; VOCAL TRADITIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CALLS; COMMUNICATION; REPERTOIRE; EVOLUTION AB Limited previous evidence suggests that killer whales (Orcinus orca) are capable of vocal production learning. However, vocal contextual learning has not been studied, nor the factors promoting learning. Vocalizations were collected from three killer whales with a history of exposure to bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and compared with data from seven killer whales held with conspecifics and nine bottlenose dolphins. The three whales' repertoires were distinguishable by a higher proportion of click trains and whistles. Time-domain features of click trains were intermediate between those of whales held with conspecifics and dolphins. These differences provided evidence for contextual learning. One killer whale spontaneously learned to produce artificial chirps taught to dolphins; acoustic features fell within the range of inter-individual differences among the dolphins. This whale also produced whistles similar to a stereotyped whistle produced by one dolphin. Thus, results provide further support for vocal production learning and show that killer whales are capable of contextual learning. That killer whales produce similar repertoires when associated with another species suggests substantial vocal plasticity and motivation for vocal conformity with social associates. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Musser, Whitney B.] Univ San Diego, Dept Environm & Ocean Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Bowles, Ann E.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Grebner, Dawn M.] Bioacoustician, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Crance, Jessica L.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bowles, AE (reprint author), Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, 2595 Ingraham St, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM abowles@hswri.org FU University of San Diego (USD); Hannon Foundation; Stephen Sullivan Memorial Scholarship Fund; HSWRI; SeaWorld Entertainment FX We would like to dedicate this paper to Mike Owren, whose sad death prevented him from seeing the improvements in this paper based on his editorial advice. SeaWorld Animal Training and electronic services personnel assisted with data collection and facilitated audio and video recordings, as did Mike Muraco and his staff at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom. We are grateful to Duncan McGehee and Charles Greenlaw at BAE Systems for inventing an economical and effective method for localizing callers over long periods. Sam Denes prepared the statistical analyses in R. Dr. Judy St. Leger and Dr. Pam Yochem provided valuable comments. We thank our dedicated HSWRI staff and interns, particularly Jennifer Keating, Eri Suzuki, and Caitlin Scully. Study procedures were authorized by SeaWorld and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom. The Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute (HSWRI) Animal Care and Use Committee reviewed and approved the research protocols. J.L.C. and W.B.M. received support from the University of San Diego (USD), the Hannon Foundation (J.L.C.), and the Stephen Sullivan Memorial Scholarship Fund (W.B.M.). Both were graduate students in the Department of Marine and Environmental Studies at USD. The study was also supported by HSWRI and SeaWorld Entertainment. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 60 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1990 EP 2002 DI 10.1121/1.4893906 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AW0JF UT WOS:000345977400063 PM 25324098 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Lee, PJ Goodrich, LF Sung, ZH Stauffer, TC Splett, JD Jewell, MC AF Cheggour, N. Lee, P. J. Goodrich, L. F. Sung, Z-H Stauffer, T. C. Splett, J. D. Jewell, M. C. TI Influence of the heat-treatment conditions, microchemistry, and microstructure on the irreversible strain limit of a selection of Ti-doped internal-tin Nb3Sn ITER wires SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A15 phase; critical current; heat treatment; irreversible strain limit; Kirkendall voids; microstructure; strain ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; IN-CONDUIT CONDUCTORS; PINNING FORCE DENSITY; SCALING LAW; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; STRANDS; SAMPLES AB Systematic studies of the intrinsic irreversible strain limit e(irr,0), microstructure, and microchemistry were made on several internal-tin Nb3Sn pre-production wires, fabricated for the domestic agencies of the USA and China participating in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. These wires were produced by Luvata, Oxford Superconducting Technology (OST), and Western Superconducting Technologies (WST), and were intended for the tokamak's toroidal-field coils. The results of this study show that, for a final heat-treatment at 650 degrees C to form the A15 phase, both epsilon(irr,0) and the de-pinning field B-c2* improved by increasing heat-treatment duration beyond 100 h for the Luvata wires. On the other hand, we saw no improvement in these two parameters as a function of heat-treatment duration in the OST wires. Furthermore, micro-chemical analysis of OST wires revealed that some Nb3Sn filaments have a Sn- and Ti-rich phase at the interface between Cu(Sn) matrix and Nb3Sn in the form of a shell around individual filaments. This phase is far less prominent in the Luvata and WST conductors, and could inhibit diffusion of Sn and Ti into Nb3Sn filaments during the reaction and may potentially be the reason for the lack of noticeable change in B-c2* with heat-treatment duration in the OST wires. The increase of epsilon(irr,0) and B-c2* with heat-treatment duration in the Luvata wires and the lack of increase in the OST wires may suggest a possible correlation between epsilon(irr,0) and the stoichiometry of the A15 composition. Investigation of the samples' microstructure revealed only a small number of cracked Nb3Sn filaments despite the significant and permanent degradation of their critical current I-c when subjected to longitudinal tensile strain epsilon beyond epsilon(irr,0). The scarcity of cracks indicate that I-c(epsilon) measurements are highly sensitive to crack formation in Nb3Sn filaments, especially at low electric-field criteria <= 0.1 mu V cm(-1), even when the sizes of the individual filaments are only few micrometers. All the strands contained substantial Kirkendall porosity, but we found that the quantity and distribution of the Kirkendall voids vary significantly with strand design. Luvata wires have the least porosity, followed by WST wires, and then by OST strands. However, even though the presence of cracks in the Nb3Sn filaments that are in close proximity to Kirkendall voids suggest a correlation between crack initiation and the proximity of the filaments to these voids, the porosity investigation established no definitive relationship between porosity and epsilon(irr,0) in the wires studied. C1 [Cheggour, N.; Goodrich, L. F.; Stauffer, T. C.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, N.; Goodrich, L. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lee, P. J.; Sung, Z-H] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Splett, J. D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jewell, M. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Mat Sci, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov FU US domestic agency of ITER [DE-AI05-07OR23274]; ITER International Organization [4100002318]; US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-SC0003709, DE-SC0010690]; US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-FG02-06ER54881]; State of Florida FX We thank J R Miller and N N Martovetsky (US domestic agency of ITER) for requesting this detailed study of the irreversible strain limit of ITER Nb3Sn wires. We also acknowledge the fruitful interactions we had with A Devred (ITER International Organization) on this work. We thank James Filla (NIST) for designing a comprehensive software program for critical-current versus strain data acquisition and treatment. We also thank Jennifer Gavin, Anthony Muller, Phillip Munday, Carlos Sanabria, George Nimick, Eric Sloan and William Starch (FSU) for metallographic polishing. We are grateful to T Pyon (Luvata) and J A Parrell (OST) for performing the heat-treatments of all the Luvata and OST samples at their respective companies. We also thank A Nijhuis (University of Twente) for conducting the heat-treatment of the WST samples. This work was supported in part by the US domestic agency of ITER, Grant DE-AI05-07OR23274, the ITER International Organization, Agreement 4100002318, the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, Grants DE-SC0003709, and DE-SC0010690, the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science Grant, DE-FG02-06ER54881, and the State of Florida. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 AR 105004 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/27/10/105004 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AW2KD UT WOS:000346115500012 ER PT J AU Devineni, D Gonschorek, C Cicerone, MT Xu, YM Carpenter, JF Randolph, TW AF Devineni, Dilip Gonschorek, Christoph Cicerone, Marcus T. Xu, Yemin Carpenter, John F. Randolph, Theodore W. TI Storage stability of keratinocyte growth factor-2 in lyophilized formulations: Effects of formulation physical properties and protein fraction at the solid-air interface SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE KGF-2; Protein stability; Lyophilization; Glass transition temperature; Glass dynamics; Global mobility; Structural relaxation time; Local mobility; Protein interfacial adsorption; Protein structure ID DRYING-INDUCED VARIATIONS; HUMAN INTERFERON-GAMMA; I INFRARED-SPECTRA; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS PHARMACEUTICALS; INSULIN AGGREGATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION; IMPACT AB Lyophilized formulations of keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) were prepared with a range of disaccharide (sucrose or trehalose) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) mass ratios. Protein degradation was assessed as a function of time of storage of the dried formulations at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C. Lyophilized and stored samples were rehydrated, and protein degradation was quantified by measuring loss of monomeric protein with size exclusion chromatography and by determining chemical degradation in the soluble fraction with reverse-phase chromatography. The secondary structure of the protein in the lyophilized formulations was studied with infrared spectroscopy. The magnitudes of degradation were compared the key physical properties of the formulations including retention of protein native secondary structure, glass transition temperature (Tg), inverse mean square displacements < u(2)>(-1) for hydrogen atoms (fast beta relaxation), and the relaxation time tau(beta), which correlates with relaxation due to fast Johari-Goldstein motions in the glass (Xu et al., 2013) [1]. In addition, specific surface areas of the lyophilized formulations were determined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis of krypton adsorption isotherms and used to estimate the fraction of the KGF-2 molecules residing at the solid-air interface. KGF-2 degradation rates were highest in formulations wherein the protein's structure was most perturbed, and wherein l relaxations were fastest, but the dominant factor governing KGF-2 degradation in freeze-dried formulations was the fraction of the protein found at the glass solid-air interface. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Devineni, Dilip; Carpenter, John F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Gonschorek, Christoph] Univ Munich, Sch Pharm, Munich, Germany. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Yemin; Randolph, Theodore W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Randolph, TW (reprint author), Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, JSCBB C227, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM theodore.randolph@colorado.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB006006] NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0939-6411 EI 1873-3441 J9 EUR J PHARM BIOPHARM JI Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 88 IS 2 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.012 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AU6PK UT WOS:000345724400005 PM 24859390 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WF Mcclain, MA AF Mitchell, William F. Mcclain, Marjorie A. TI A Comparison of hp-Adaptive Strategies for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Experimentation; Performance; Adaptive mesh refinement; hp-adaptive strategy; hp-FEM ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; P-VERSION; REFINEMENT; FEM; COMPUTATIONS AB The hp version of the finite element method (hp-FEM) combined with adaptive mesh refinement is a particularly efficient method for solving PDEs because it can achieve an exponential convergence rate in the number of degrees of freedom. hp-FEM allows for refinement in both the element size, h, and the polynomial degree, p. Like adaptive refinement for the h version of the finite element method, a posteriori error estimates can be used to determine where the mesh needs to be refined, but a single error estimate cannot simultaneously determine whether it is better to do the refinement by h or p. Several strategies for making this determination have been proposed over the years. These strategies are summarized, and the results of a numerical experiment to study the performance of these strategies is presented. It was found that the reference-solution-based methods are very effective, but also considerably more expensive, in terms of computation time, than other approaches. The method based on a priori knowledge is very effective when there are known point singularities. The method based on the decay rate of the expansion coefficients appears to be the best choice as a general strategy across all categories of problems, whereas many of the other strategies perform well in particular situations and are reasonable in general. C1 [Mitchell, William F.; Mcclain, Marjorie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.mitchell@nist.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 EI 1557-7295 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1145/2629459 PG 39 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AU4JE UT WOS:000345576000002 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Troy, CD Hawley, N AF Ahmed, Sultan Troy, Cary D. Hawley, Nathan TI Spatial structure of internal Poincare waves in Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Internal waves; Seiches; Poincare waves; Lakes; Near-inertial waves ID STRATIFIED LAKE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; BASIN; OSCILLATIONS; WATER; CIRCULATION; ENERGETICS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT AB In this paper we examine the characteristics of near-inertial internal Poincare waves in Lake Michigan (USA) as discerned from field experiments and hydrodynamic simulations. The focus is on the determination of the lateral and vertical structure of the waves. Observations of near-inertial internal wave properties are presented from two field experiments in southern Lake Michigan conducted during the years 2009 and 2010 at Michigan City (IN, USA) and Muskegon (MI, USA), respectively. Spectra of thermocline displacements and baroclinic velocities show that kinetic and potential baroclinic energy is dominated by near-inertial internal Poincare waves. Vertical structure discerned from empirical orthogonal function analysis shows that this energy is predominantly vertical mode 1. Idealized hydrodynamic simulations using stratifications from early summer (June), mid-summer (July) and fall (September) identify the basin-scale internal Poincare wave structure as a combination of single-and two-basin cells, similar to those identified in Lake Erie by Schwab, with near-surface velocities largest in the center of the northern and southern basins. Near-inertial bottom kinetic energy is seen to have roughly constant magnitude over large swathes across the basin, with higher magnitude in the shallower areas like the Mid-lake Plateau, as compared with the deep northern and southern basins. The near-bottom near-inertial kinetic energy when mapped appears similar to the bottom topography map. The wave-induced vertical shear across thermocline is concentrated along the longitudinal axis of the lake basin, and both near-bottom velocities and thermocline shear are reasonably explained by a simple conceptual model of the expected transverse variability. C1 [Ahmed, Sultan; Troy, Cary D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Troy, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM troy@purdue.edu FU Physical Oceanography Division of the National Science Foundation [OCE-1030842] FX The authors wish to thank the crew of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab (GLERL) R/V Laurentian for their help with mooring deployment and recovery. This work was supported by the Physical Oceanography Division of the National Science Foundation, grant OCE-1030842. This work is NOAA-GLERL contribution #1668. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 EI 1573-1510 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1229 EP 1249 DI 10.1007/s10652-013-9294-3 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA AU3NF UT WOS:000345519700015 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Kibler, SR Holland, WC Usup, G Vandersea, MW Leaw, CP Teen, LP Larsen, J Mohammad-Noor, N Faust, MA Litaker, RW AF Tester, Patricia A. Kibler, Steven R. Holland, William C. Usup, Gires Vandersea, Mark W. Leaw, Chui Pin Teen, Lim Po Larsen, Jacob Mohammad-Noor, Normawaty Faust, Maria A. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Sampling harmful benthic dinoflagellates: Comparison of artificial and natural substrate methods SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Gambierdiscus; Ciguatera fish poisoning; Ostreopsis; Prorocentrum; Cell-based monitoring ID OSTREOPSIS CF. OVATA; PROROCENTRUM-LIMA DINOPHYCEAE; SP-NOV DINOPHYCEAE; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; SPECIES DINOPHYCEAE; MANGROVE ISLAND; ASYMPTOTIC TEST; TWIN-CAYS; CIGUATERA; GAMBIERDISCUS AB This study compared two collection methods for Gambierdiscus and other benthic harmful algal bloom (BHAB) dinoflagellates, an artificial substrate method and the traditional macrophyte substrate method. Specifically, we report the results of a series of field experiments in tropical environments designed to address the correlation of benthic dinoflagellate abundance on artificial substrate and those on adjacent macrophytes. The data indicated abundance of BHAB dinoflagellates associated with new, artificial substrate was directly related to the overall abundance of BHAB cells on macrophytes in the surrounding environment. There was no difference in sample variability among the natural and artificial substrates. BHAB dinoflagellate abundance on artificial substrates reached equilibrium with the surrounding population within 24 h. Calculating cell abundance normalized to surface area of artificial substrate, rather than to the wet weight of macrophytes, eliminates complications related to the mass of different macrophyte species, problems of macrophyte preference by BHAB dinoflagellates and allows data to be compared across studies. The protocols outlined in this study are the first steps to a standardized sampling method for BHAB dinoflagellates that can support a cell-based monitoring program for ciguatera fish poisoning. While this study is primarily concerned with the ciguatera-associated genus Gambierdiscus, we also include data on the abundance of benthic Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis cells. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tester, Patricia A.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Vandersea, Mark W.; Litaker, R. Wayne] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Usup, Gires] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fak Sains Teknol, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran Sumber Alam, Program Sains Laut, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. [Leaw, Chui Pin] Univ Malyasia Sarawak, Inst Biodivers & Environm Conservat, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Teen, Lim Po] Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Aquat Sci Program, Fac Resource Sci & Technol, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Larsen, Jacob] Dept Phycol & Mycol, IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Mohammad-Noor, Normawaty] Int Islamic Univ Malaysia, Kulliyyah Sci, Inst Oceanog & Maritime Studies, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia. [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Patricia.Tester@noaa.gov; Steve.Kibler@noaa.gov; Chris.Holland@noaa.gov; Gires@ukm.my; Mark.W.Vandersea@noaa.gov; Leawcp@ibec.unimas.my; Ptlim@frst.unimas.my; Jacob@bot.ku.dk; Normahwaty@iium.edu.my; FaustM@si.edu; Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov RI Leaw, Chui Pin/F-5220-2012; Lim, Po Teen/C-9758-2013 OI Leaw, Chui Pin/0000-0003-3336-1438; Lim, Po Teen/0000-0003-2823-0564 FU UNESCO IOC-Yeosu Project of Korea; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program [764] FX Funding was provided by the UNESCO IOC-Yeosu Project of Korea. The International Training Workshop on the Ecology and Taxonomy of Benthic Marine Dinoflagellates held 21-31 May 2012 in Pulau Sibu and the Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia included a field and laboratory training component and was inspired by the outcome of SCOR and IOC/UNESCO's GEOHAB: HABs in Benthic Systems Open Science Meeting in Honolulu, HI in June 2010. Partial funding was provided as an award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program (ECOHAB contribution number #764). Dr. M. Toscano, Smithsonian Institution, kindly provided partial support for the February 2012 sampling at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. We thank the dedicated and hardworking Malaysian workshop participants including (in alphabetical order). Grace Abdala, Kieng Soon Hii, Lu Song Hui, Grace Joy Chin Wei Lie, June Moh, Chi-Thoi Nguyen, Giang Tuong Ngoc Nguyen, Ngoc Lam Nguyen, Arief Rachman, Gan Hui Shan, Mark Skinner, Toh Hii-Tan, Thamrin Thamrin, Ho Van The, Hikmah Thoha, Giang Tuong, Pradem Uttayarnmanee, Noime Walican and Hua Zhang. Also, we had the excellent assistance of Gan Jia Cheng, Gan Hui Shan, Mimi Nora Mansor and Zuhaimi Bin Samat from the Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia who facilitated the logistics and field work to make this workshop possible. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments from anonymous reviewers that improved to this manuscript. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 BP 8 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.06.009 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU2SZ UT WOS:000345469100002 ER PT J AU Ledreux, A Brand, H Chinain, M Bottein, MYD Ramsdell, JS AF Ledreux, Aurelie Brand, Heather Chinain, Mireille Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Ramsdell, John S. TI Dynamics of ciguatoxins from Gambierdiscus polynesiensis in the benthic herbivore Mugil cephalus: Trophic transfer implications SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Ciguatoxin; Fish; Tissue distribution; Trophic transfer; Accumulation; Gambierdiscus polynesiensis ID FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CIGUATERA TOXINS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; KARENIA-BREVIS; DINOFLAGELLATE; PACIFIC; TOXICUS; BREVETOXINS; FISH; PRECURSOR AB This study investigates ciguatoxin dynamics in mullet after controlled feeding of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis cells as a model to characterize the absorption, distribution, retention and accumulation of ciguatoxins into the second trophic level of southwestern Pacific coral reef ecosystems. Mullet (Mugil cephalus) were fed once every other day over a period of 16 days for nine toxic feedings, and ciguatoxin activity was assessed over time in blood and seven tissues using the Neuro2a assay. Within 3 h of feeding on G. polynesiensis cells, ciguatoxins attained maximal blood concentrations, indicating rapid absorption of toxins into the systemic circulation. The time course for distribution of the estimated total tissue burden of ciguatoxin closely followed the time course for blood toxin levels, indicating a rapid distribution of the ciguatoxins throughout the fish body. The large majority (95%) of the ciguatoxin ingested dose was eliminated from the examined fish tissues 24 h after a single toxic meal, indicating little retention potential for ciguatoxin. We found no evidence for ciguatoxin accumulation after nine repeated feedings spaced two days apart, indicating that mullet did not accumulate ciguatoxin. These results provide the first experimental evidence supporting the central tenet of Randall's food chain hypothesis that ciguatoxins enter the food chain by transfer from unicellular algae to herbivorous and detritus-feeding fish. We propose that a time-dependent transformation of oxopene ciguatoxins may be necessary for the concentration of ciguatoxin through higher trophic levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ledreux, Aurelie; Brand, Heather; Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Ramsdell, John S.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chinain, Mireille] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, UMR EIO 241, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR FX This work was performed while the author (A.L.) held a National Research Council Associateship Award at Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR. The authors thank Jessica Tiedeken who provided guidance on the feeding of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis and handling of fish and Paul Pennington who provided fish collection and holding prior to laboratory studies. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.07.009 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU2SZ UT WOS:000345469100019 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Shertzer, KW AF Sunda, William G. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Positive feedbacks between bottom-up and top-down controls promote the formation and toxicity of ecosystem disruptive algal blooms: A modeling study SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Stoichimetric NPZ model; Algal nutrient competition; Toxic algal blooms; Zooplankton grazing; Nutrient recycling; Karenia brevis ID PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA MULTISERIES; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; KARENIA-BREVIS; FOOD WEBS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; GRAZING IMPACT AB Harmful algal blooms that disrupt and degrade ecosystems (ecosystem disruptive algal blooms, EDABs) are occurring with greater frequency and severity with eutrophication and other adverse anthropogenic alterations of coastal systems. EDAB events have been hypothesized to be caused by positive feedback interactions involving differential growth of competing algal species, low grazing mortality rates on EDAB species, and resulting decreases in nutrient inputs from grazer-mediated nutrient cycling as the EDAB event progresses. Here we develop a stoichiometric nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) model to test a conceptual positive feedback mechanism linked to increased cell toxicity and resultant decreases in grazing mortality rates in EDAB species under nutrient limitation of growth rate. As our model EDAB alga, we chose the slow-growing, toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, whose toxin levels have been shown to increase with nutrient (nitrogen) limitation of specific growth rate. This species was competed with two high-nutrient adapted, faster-growing diatoms (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira weissflogii) using recently published data for relationships among nutrient (ammonium) concentration, carbon normalized ammonium uptake rates, cellular nitrogen:carbon (N:C) ratios, and specific growth rate. The model results support the proposed positive feedback mechanism for EDAB formation and toxicity. In all cases the toxic bloom was preceded by one or more pre-blooms of fast-growing diatoms, which drew dissolved nutrients to low growth rate-limiting levels, and stimulated the population growth of zooplankton grazers. Low specific grazing rates on the toxic, nutrient-limited EDAB species then promoted the population growth of this species, which further decreased grazing rates, grazing-linked nutrient recycling, nutrient concentrations, and algal specific growth rates. The nutrient limitation of growth rate further increased toxin concentrations in the EDAB algae, which further decreased grazing-linked nutrient recycling rates and nutrient concentrations, and caused an even greater nutrient limitation of growth rate and even higher toxin levels in the EDAB algae. This chain of interactions represented a positive feedback that resulted in the formation of a high-biomass toxic bloom, with low, nutrient-limited specific growth rates and associated high cellular C:N and toxin:C ratios. Together the elevated C:N and toxin:C ratios in the EDAB algae resulted in very high bloom toxicity. The positive feedbacks and resulting bloom formation and toxicity were increased by long water residence times, which increased the relative importance of grazing-linked nutrient recycling to the overall supply of limiting nutrient (N). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sunda, William G.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.] NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOS, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov FU National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOS, NOAA; Southeast Fisheries Center, NMFS, NOAA FX We thank Lew Coggins, Wayne Litaker, and Sandra Shumway for helpful comments. This research was supported by the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOS, NOAA and by the Southeast Fisheries Center, NMFS, NOAA. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 BP 342 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.09.005 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU2SZ UT WOS:000345469100038 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Kibler, SR Holland, WC Usup, G Vandersea, MW Leaw, CP Lim, PT Larsen, J Mohammad-Noor, N Faust, MA Litaker, RW AF Tester, Patricia A. Kibler, Steven R. Holland, William C. Usup, Gires Vandersea, Mark W. Leaw, Chui Pin Lim, Po Teen Larsen, Jacob Mohammad-Noor, Normawaty Faust, Maria A. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Sampling harmful benthic dinoflagellates: Comparison of artificial and natural substrate methods (vol 39, pg 8, 2014) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Correction C1 [Tester, Patricia A.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Vandersea, Mark W.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Usup, Gires] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Program Sains Laut, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam, Fak Sains & Teknol, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. [Leaw, Chui Pin; Lim, Po Teen] Univ Malaya, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia. [Larsen, Jacob] IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, Dept Phycol & Mycol, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Mohammad-Noor, Normawaty] Int Islamic Univ Malaysia, Inst Oceanog & Maritime Studies, Kulliyyah Sci, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia. [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM patricia.tester@noaa.gov RI Lim, Po Teen/C-9758-2013 OI Lim, Po Teen/0000-0003-2823-0564 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2014 VL 39 BP 374 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.09.004 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU2SZ UT WOS:000345469100041 ER PT J AU Cross, JN Mathis, JT Frey, KE Cosca, CE Danielson, SL Bates, NR Feely, RA Takahashi, T Evans, W AF Cross, Jessica N. Mathis, Jeremy T. Frey, Karen E. Cosca, Catherine E. Danielson, Seth L. Bates, Nicholas R. Feely, Richard A. Takahashi, Taro Evans, Wiley TI Annual sea-air CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea: Insights from new autumn and winter observations of a seasonally ice-covered continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; CO2 flux; sea-ice; biogeochemistry; coastal oceanography ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; COASTAL OCEAN; INORGANIC CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN GULF; CHUKCHI SEA; VARIABILITY; DISSOCIATION AB High-resolution data collected from several programs have greatly increased the spatiotemporal resolution of pCO(2)(sw) data in the Bering Sea, and provided the first autumn and winter observations. Using data from 2008 to 2012, monthly climatologies of sea-air CO2 fluxes for the Bering Sea shelf area from April to December were calculated, and contributions of physical and biological processes to observed monthly sea-air pCO(2) gradients (pCO(2)) were investigated. Net efflux of CO2 was observed during November, December, and April, despite the impact of sea surface cooling on pCO(2). Although the Bering Sea was believed to be a moderate to strong atmospheric CO2 sink, we found that autumn and winter CO2 effluxes balanced 65% of spring and summer CO2 uptake. Ice cover reduced sea-air CO2 fluxes in December, April, and May. Our estimate for ice-cover corrected fluxes suggests the mechanical inhibition of CO2 flux by sea-ice cover has only a small impact on the annual scale (<2%). An important data gap still exists for January to March, the period of peak ice cover and the highest expected retardation of the fluxes. By interpolating between December and April using assumptions of the described autumn and winter conditions, we estimate the Bering Sea shelf area is an annual CO2 sink of approximate to 6.8 Tg C yr(-1). With changing climate, we expect warming sea surface temperatures, reduced ice cover, and greater wind speeds with enhanced gas exchange to decrease the size of this CO2 sink by augmenting conditions favorable for greater wintertime outgassing. C1 [Cross, Jessica N.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Feely, Richard A.; Evans, Wiley] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Danielson, Seth L.; Evans, Wiley] Univ Alaska, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Takahashi, Taro] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Cross, JN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jessica.cross@noaa.gov OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905 FU National Science Foundation [PLR-1107997, ARC-1107645]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320754] FX The authors thank the officers and crew of USCGC Healy, R/V Knorr, and NOAA ships Miller Freeman and Oscar Dyson for their work in supporting our science during multiple cruises. We also thank Tim Newberger (University of Colorado) and Scott Hiller (SIO) for providing engineering support for pCO2 measurements and our colleagues from the NSIDC, LDEO, NOAA Eco-FOCI group, and the Bering Sea Project. This manuscript is BEST-BSIERP contribution 146 and PMEL contribution 3915. This synthesis effort was supported by the National Science Foundation (PLR-1107997 and ARC-1107645). The pCO2 program aboard USCGC Healy is supported by NOAA grant NA08OAR4320754 to T.T. All data sets used to generate the analysis performed here can be found as listed in section 2. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2014 VL 119 IS 10 BP 6693 EP 6708 DI 10.1002/2013JC009579 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU3GF UT WOS:000345499700011 ER PT J AU Vocke, RD Rabb, SA Turk, GC AF Vocke, R. D., Jr. Rabb, S. A. Turk, G. C. TI Absolute silicon molar mass measurements, the Avogadro constant and the redefinition of the kilogram SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Avogadro constant; absolute silicon molar mass; multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; virtual element-isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Si-28 enriched single crystal; International Avogadro Coordination; kilogram redefinition ID SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION; SI-28-ENRICHED SILICON; ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES; PLANCK CONSTANT; WATT BALANCE; SI-28; CRYSTAL; SI AB The results of an absolute silicon molar mass determination of two independent sets of samples from the highly Si-28-enriched crystal (AVO28) produced by the International Avogadro Coordination are presented and compared with results published by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB, Germany), the National Research Council (NRC, Canada) and the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ, Japan). This study developed and describes significant changes to the published protocols for producing absolute silicon isotope ratios. The measurements were made at very high resolution on a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to dissolve and dilute all samples. The various changes in the measurement protocol and the use of TMAH resulted in significant improvements to the silicon isotope ratio precision over previously reported measurements and in particular, the robustness of the Si-29/Si-30 ratio of the AVO28 material. These new results suggest that a limited isotopic variability is present in the AVO28 material. The presence of this variability is at present singular and therefore its significance is not well understood. Fortunately, its magnitude is small enough so as to have an insignificant effect on the overall uncertainty of an Avogadro constant derived from the average molar mass of all four AVO28 silicon samples measured in this study. The NIST results confirm the AVO28 molar mass values reported by PTB and NMIJ and confirm that the virtual element-isotope dilution mass spectrometry approach to calibrated absolute isotope ratio measurements developed by PTB is capable of very high precision as well as accuracy. The Avogadro constant N-A and derived Planck constant h based on these measurements, together with their associated standard uncertainties, are 6.022 140 76(19) x 10(23) mol(-1) and 6.626 070 17(21) x 10(-34) J s, respectively. C1 [Vocke, R. D., Jr.; Rabb, S. A.; Turk, G. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vocke, RD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vocke@nist.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/5/361 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DC UT WOS:000345425200002 ER PT J AU Li, SS Schlamminger, S Pratt, J AF Li, Shisong Schlamminger, Stephan Pratt, Jon TI A nonlinearity in permanent-magnet systems used in watt balances SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE watt balance; permanent magnet; magnetic nonlinearity ID MARK-II; REDEFINITION; KILOGRAM; DESIGN AB Watt balances are used to measure the Planck constant and will be used in the future to realize mass at the kilogram level. They increasingly rely on permanent magnet systems to generate the magnetic flux. It has been known that the weighing current might affect the magnetization state of the permanent-magnet system used in these systems, causing a systematic bias that can lead to an error in the result if not accounted for. In this article, a simple model explaining the effect of the weighing current on the yoke of the magnet is developed. This model leads to a nonlinear dependence of the magnetic flux density in the gap that is proportional to the squared value of the coil current. The effect arises from changing the reluctance of the yoke by the additional field produced by the coil. Our analysis shows that the effect depends on the width of the air gap, the magnetic flux density in the air gap, and the BH curve of the yoke material. Suggestions to reduce the nonlinear effect are discussed. C1 [Li, Shisong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Shisong; Schlamminger, Stephan; Pratt, Jon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, SS (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM leeshisong@sina.com; stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov RI Li, Shisong/D-6494-2015 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/5/394 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DC UT WOS:000345425200005 ER PT J AU Yoo, HB Oh, D Song, JY Kawaharasaki, M Hwang, J Yang, IC Park, SR AF Yoo, Hee-Bong Oh, Donggeun Song, Jae Yong Kawaharasaki, Mamoru Hwang, Jeeseong Yang, In Chul Park, Sang-Ryoul TI A candidate reference method for quantification of low concentrations of plasmid DNA by exhaustive counting of single DNA molecules in a flow stream SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE direct counting for single DNA molecules; absolute quantification; plasmid DNA; exhaustive counting; digital PCR; CE analysis of nucleotides ID DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIGITAL PCR; QUANTITATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; AMPLIFICATION; PHOSPHORUS; DIGESTION; CYTOMETRY AB This work demonstrates accurate measurement of the amount of substance concentration of low concentration plasmid DNA by counting individual DNA molecules using a high-sensitivity flow cytometric setup. Plasmid DNA is a widely used form of DNA, and its quantity often needs to be accurately determined. This work establishes a reference analytical method for direct quantification of low concentration plasmid DNA prepared as reference standards for polymerase chain reaction-based DNA quantification. The model plasmid DNA pBR322 (4361 bp) was stained with a fluorescent dye and was detected in a flow stream in a micro-fluidic channel with laser-induced fluorescence detection, for which the DNA flow was electro-hydrodynamically focused at the centre of the channel. 200 to 8000 DNA molecules in a similar to 1 mu L sample volume were counted within 2 min in an 'exhaustive counting' manner, which facilitated quantitation without calibration. The sample volume was measured and validated from the close agreement of the results of two independent measurement methods, gravimetric determination of water filling the capillary and graphical estimation of actual cross sectional area of the capillary tubing with the image of calibrated scanning electron microscopy. Within the given concentration range, an excellent measurement linearity (R-2 = 0.999) was achieved with appropriate data processing for the correction of the events of double molecules (detection of double molecules opposed to single molecule detection assumed, which occurs due to their coincidental passing of the detection zone). The validity of the proposed method was confirmed from the close agreement with the results of quantitation of enzymatically released nucleotides using capillary electrophoresis. C1 [Yoo, Hee-Bong; Oh, Donggeun; Yang, In Chul; Park, Sang-Ryoul] KRISS, Ctr Bioanal, Taejon 305401, South Korea. [Song, Jae Yong] KRISS, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat, Taejon 305401, South Korea. [Yoo, Hee-Bong; Oh, Donggeun; Yang, In Chul; Park, Sang-Ryoul] UST, Dept Analyt Sci Biol, Taejon, South Korea. [Kawaharasaki, Mamoru] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Testing Syst Cooperat Off, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Park, SR (reprint author), KRISS, Ctr Bioanal, 1 Doryong Dong, Taejon 305401, South Korea. EM srpark@kriss.re.kr RI Song, Jae Yong/A-7569-2015 OI Song, Jae Yong/0000-0001-6623-4369 FU S&T Promotion Funds by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF, Korea); internal R&D funds of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS); NIST intramural innovative measurement science (IMS) program on 'optical medical imaging for clinical applications'; NIST intramural Nanoparticle Environmental Health and Safety (NanoEHS) program FX This work was supported through S&T Promotion Funds by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF, Korea) and internal R&D funds of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). This research was supported by the NIST intramural innovative measurement science (IMS) program on 'optical medical imaging for clinical applications' and by the NIST intramural Nanoparticle Environmental Health and Safety (NanoEHS) program. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/5/491 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DC UT WOS:000345425200014 ER PT J AU Partasenok, IS Groisman, PY Chekan, GS Melnik, VI AF Partasenok, Irina S. Groisman, Pavel Ya Chekan, Grigoriy S. Melnik, Viktor I. TI Winter cyclone frequency and following freshet streamflow formation on the rivers in Belarus (vol 9, 095005, 2013) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Partasenok, Irina S.; Chekan, Grigoriy S.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Melnik, Viktor I.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Serv Hydrometeorol Monitoring & Data Arch, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. RP Partasenok, IS (reprint author), Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Pr Nezavisimosti 110, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. EM irina-danilovich@yandex.ru NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR 109602 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/109602 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DP UT WOS:000344964000042 ER PT J AU Embley, RW Merle, SG Baker, ET Rubin, KH Lupton, JE Resing, JA Dziak, RP Lilley, MD Chadwick, WW Shank, T Greene, R Walker, SL Haxel, J Olson, E Baumberger, T AF Embley, Robert W. Merle, Susan G. Baker, Edward T. Rubin, Kenneth H. Lupton, John E. Resing, Joseph A. Dziak, Robert P. Lilley, Marvin D. Chadwick, William W., Jr. Shank, T. Greene, Ron Walker, Sharon L. Haxel, Joseph Olson, Eric Baumberger, Tamara TI Eruptive modes and hiatus of volcanism at West Mata seamount, NE Lau basin: 1996-2012 SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE seamount; Lau; volcano; eruption; submarine; multibeam ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; AXIAL SEAMOUNT; LAVA FLOWS; APRIL 2011; SEA-FLOOR; PACIFIC; EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION AB We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade-long changes in the location and character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and pyroclasts were observed erupting from its summit in 2009, and hydroacoustic data from a succession of hydrophones moored nearby show near-continuous eruptive activity from January 2009 to early 2011. Successive differencing of seven multibeam bathymetric surveys of the volcano made in the 1996-2012 period reveals a pattern of extended constructional volcanism on the summit and northwest flank punctuated by eruptions along the volcano's WSW rift zone (WSWRZ). Away from the summit, the volumetrically largest eruption during the observational period occurred between May 2010 and November 2011 at approximate to 2920 m depth near the base of the WSWRZ. The (nearly) equally long ENE rift zone did not experience any volcanic activity during the 1996-2012 period. The cessation of summit volcanism recorded on the moored hydrophone was accompanied or followed by the formation of a small summit crater and a landslide on the eastern flank. Water column sensors, analysis of gas samples in the overlying hydrothermal plume and dives with a remotely operated vehicle in September 2012 confirmed that the summit eruption had ceased. Based on the historical eruption rates calculated using the bathymetric differencing technique, the volcano could be as young as several thousand years. C1 [Embley, Robert W.; Merle, Susan G.; Lupton, John E.; Dziak, Robert P.; Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Greene, Ron; Haxel, Joseph] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Merle, Susan G.; Dziak, Robert P.; Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Greene, Ron; Haxel, Joseph] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA. [Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Rubin, Kenneth H.; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lilley, Marvin D.; Olson, Eric] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shank, T.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Baumberger, Tamara] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Bergen, Norway. [Baumberger, Tamara] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Baumberger, Tamara] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Embley, RW (reprint author), NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.w.embley@noaa.gov RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008 OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337 FU NOAA; NSF [OCE930025, OCE-0934660, OCE-0929881]; NOAA Office of Exploration and Research FX Support for R. W. E. during this study was by internal NOAA funding to the NOAA Vents Program (now Earth-Ocean Interactions Program). The NSF Ridge 2000 and MARGINS programs played a major role in the planning and justification for the 2009 rapid response proposal that funded the May 2009 expedition. MBARI provided support and outstanding postprocessing of the multibeam bathymetry from the D. Allan B. AUV multibeam sonar used in this study. NSF also provided major funding for the 2009 expedition (OCE930025 and OCE-0934660 to JAR) and for the 210Po-210Pb radiometric dating (OCE-0929881 and for the 210Po-210Pb radiometric dating (OCE-0929881 to KHR)). The NOAA Office of Exploration and Research provided major funding for the 2009 and 2012 field programs. We are indebted to the Kingdom of Tonga for allowing us to work within their Exclusive Economic Zone. We also thank the crew and technical staff of the research vessels and science teams on the research cruises of the T. G. Thompson, Kilo Moana, and Roger Revelle. The Jason (WHOI) and QUEST 4000 (MARUM, Universtiy of Bremen, Germany) ROV teams provided excellent at-sea support. We are grateful to Chief Scientist Fernando Martinez and Peter Crowhurst (Nautilus Minerals Inc.) for providing time for a multibeam survey of West Mata during cruise KM1129a (November 2011). Detailed information on the multibeam bathymetry data files and processing is in supporting information Table S1. Multibeam bathymetry data files in this paper are available using file names and link provided in supporting information Text S2 and Table S1. CTDO data used in this study are in supporting information Table S2. Helium isotope and Hydrogen data are in supporting information Table S3. Details of age dating of the boninite samples reported here are in supporting information Text S3 and Table S4 or from author K. Rubin (krubin@hawaii.edu). The data are available for download from the EarthChem library via doi:10.1594/IEDA/100444. Expedition reports for ROV dive programs in 2009, 2012, and some other expeditions can be downloaded at: http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/laubasin.html (cruise identifiers in Table 1). Hydrophone data used in this study are available on request from author R. Dziak (robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov). We thank D. J. Fornari, R. J. Stern, and A. S. Soule for their constructive reviews. PMEL contribution 4119, JISAO contribution 2160, and SOEST contribution 9176. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 10 BP 4093 EP 4115 DI 10.1002/2014GC005387 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU0NN UT WOS:000345320100019 ER PT J AU Dutton, PH Jensen, MP Frutchey, K Frey, A LaCasella, E Balazs, GH Cruce, J Tagarino, A Farman, R Tatarata, M AF Dutton, Peter H. Jensen, Michael P. Frutchey, Karen Frey, Amy LaCasella, Erin Balazs, George H. Cruce, Jennifer Tagarino, Alden Farman, Richard Tatarata, Miri TI Genetic Stock Structure of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Nesting Populations across the Pacific Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; MIXED STOCKS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; ATLANTIC; MTDNA; CONSERVATION; MARKERS AB More than two decades have passed since the first studies documenting genetic population structure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were published. Since then many more have followed and characterization of the genetic structure of green turtle rookeries now covers most of the global distribution of the species, benefitting conservation of this threatened species worldwide. However, important data gaps still exist across a large part of the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). This large area is made up of hundreds of scattered islands and atolls of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, most of which are remote and difficult to access. In this study, we assessed stock structure of green turtles throughout the WCPO using mitochondrial (mt) DNA from 805 turtles sampled across 25 nesting locations. We examined whether sequencing longer fragments (770 bp) of the control region increases resolution of stock structure and used genetic analysis to evaluate level of demographic connectivity among island nesting populations in the WCPO. We identified a total of 25 haplotypes characterized by polymorphism within the 770 bp sequences, including five new variants of haplotypes that were indistinguishable with shorter 384 bp reads from previous studies. Stock structure analysis indicated that rookeries separated by more than 1,000 km were significantly differentiated from each other, but neighboring rookeries within 500 km showed no genetic differentiation. Results presented in this paper establish that sequencing of longer fragments (770 bp) of the control region does in some cases increase resolution and that there are at least seven independent stocks in the region. C1 [Dutton, Peter H.; Jensen, Michael P.; Frey, Amy; LaCasella, Erin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Frutchey, Karen] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turde Res Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Cruce, Jennifer] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Guam Natl Wildlife Refuge, Dededo, GU 96912 USA. [Tagarino, Alden] Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Farman, Richard] Aquarium Lagon, Grand Terre 98807, New Caledonia. [Tatarata, Miri] Direct Environm, Papeete 98713, Fr Polynesia. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Peter.Dutton@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 26 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 451 EP 464 DI 10.2984/68.4.1 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AU0JO UT WOS:000345309400001 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Hargrove, SK Balazs, GH AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Hargrove, Stacy K. Balazs, George H. TI Modeling Sea Turtle Maturity Age from Partial Life History Records SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; GREEN TURTLES; SKELETOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; POPULATION-GROWTH; CARETTA-CARETTA; SOMATIC GROWTH; PACIFIC; RECOVERY AB In the absence of direct observations, demographic traits such as age and reproductive status may be modeled through proxies. We examined 35 yr of over 10,000 captures of Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and compared results from skeletochronology studies with mark-recapture records. For 109 turtles that were captured as juveniles and later observed nesting, we estimated maturity age first from skeletochronology-based models of age to length and second by estimating age at first capture using skeletochronology and then adding the time elapsed to first nesting. The second method involving mark-recapture gave younger and less variable age estimates. From these data we developed a scaling, rule that calculates that females first bred at 23 yr (95% interval: 16.8-28.1). This result was corroborated by tag returns in the Caribbean and Hawai'i showing that green turtles first nest at 16-20 yr. We validated this approach using life table models, successfully reconstructing four decades (1973-2012) of nesting surveys at East Island, French Frigate Shoals. We then compared our results with observed somatic growth rates, which suggest that nearshore studies may sample an atypical subset of the population that is chronically sedentary and slow growing. When exact life history traits are unknown, we recommend consulting multiple lines of evidence and independently validating proxy studies. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Hargrove, Stacy K.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM Kyle.VanHoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 465 EP 477 DI 10.2984/68.4.2 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AU0JO UT WOS:000345309400002 ER PT J AU Morrill, C Ward, EM Wagner, AJ Otto-Bliesner, BL Rosenbloom, N AF Morrill, Carrie Ward, Ellen M. Wagner, Amy J. Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Rosenbloom, Nan TI Large sensitivity to freshwater forcing location in 8.2ka simulations SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; abrupt climate change; deglaciation; 8; 2 ka event; freshwater forcing; coupled climate model simulation ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; KA COLD EVENT; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; ICE-SHEET; LAST DEGLACIATION; OUTBURST FLOOD; BP EVENT; MODEL AB The 8.2ka event is a key test case for simulating the coupled climate response to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Recent advances in quantifying freshwater fluxes at 8.2ka from the proxy record have improved the realism of the forcing magnitude in model simulations, yet this forcing is still generally applied in an unrealistic geographic manner, across most of the Labrador Sea rather than just along the Labrador coast. Previous simulations with eddy- resolving ocean models have come to conflicting conclusions regarding the ability of such a coastally confined flow to impact the AMOC. These simulations have also not incorporated full atmosphere models nor have they used the new meltwater forcing values for 8.2ka. We use the Community Climate System Model, version 3, with an ocean model resolution only slightly coarser than that used in previous eddy-resolving simulations, to test the sensitivity to freshwater forcing location. When revised freshwater forcing is applied across the Labrador Sea, the AMOC is reduced by similar to 40% and climate anomalies compare well with proxy records of the 8.2ka event in terms of magnitude and duration. When the forcing is added just along the Labrador coast, however, most meltwater joins the subtropical gyre and travels to the subtropics with minor impact to the AMOC (similar to 10% decrease). It is likely that model biases in the placement of the North Atlantic Current remain an important limitation for correctly simulating the 8.2ka event. C1 [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Ward, Ellen M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wagner, Amy J.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Rosenbloom, Nan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Morrill, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carrie.morrill@colorado.edu OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0713951, ARC-0713971]; National Science Foundation; NOAA Hollings Scholar Program; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) FX This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, to C. M. (ARC-0713951) and B.L.O.-B. (ARC-0713971) and the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program to E. M. W. We thank Anders Carlson for helpful discussions and two anonymous reviewers for substantive comments. Supercomputer time was provided by a grant from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Model output is available from the corresponding author upon request. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 10 BP 930 EP 945 DI 10.1002/2014PA002669 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA AU0CF UT WOS:000345290100003 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF Dienstfrey, A AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, Edward F. Dienstfrey, Andrew TI A homogenization technique for obtaining generalized sheet transition conditions for an arbitrarily shaped coated wire grating SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE generalized sheet transition conditions; GSTC; homogenization; wire grating; metamaterial; susceptibility porosity ID EQUIVALENT BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SURFACE; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACE; MEDIA; LAYER AB Using a multiple-scale homogenization method, we derive generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for an arbitrarily shaped coated wire grating. The parameters in these GSTCs are interpreted as effective electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities and surface porosities of the wire grating. We give expressions for determining these surface parameters for any arbitrarily shaped grating. We show that these GSTCs are a generalized form of the boundary conditions derived earlier by Wainstein and Sivov, who analyzed the case of symmetric, uncoated wire gratings. This work is also a first step in developing GSTCs for more general types of structures such as metasurfaces, metafilms, and metascreens. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce,Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dienstfrey, Andrew] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce,Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 49 IS 10 BP 813 EP 850 DI 10.1002/2014RS005556 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA AU0PF UT WOS:000345324900001 ER PT J AU Zabotin, NA Zavorotny, VU Rietveld, MT AF Zabotin, Nikolay A. Zavorotny, Valery U. Rietveld, Michael T. TI Physical mechanisms associated with long-range propagation of the signals from ionospheric heating experiments SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heating of the ionosphere; ground scattering; multiple scattering; HF propagation ID SURFACE SCATTERING; IRREGULARITIES; PLASMA; GHZ AB Long-range propagation of heater-produced signals has been studied in experiments with the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association ionospheric heating facility and with several globally distributed receiving sites by Zalizovski et al. [2009]. Two distinctive components were present in the signals' spectra, and these can be attributed to two modes of propagation of the signals. One of the components is narrowband and stable; it obviously can be associated with the multihop ionospheric propagation of HF waves radiated by the side lobes of the heater's antenna array. Prominent features of the second component are its wider spectral band (up to few tens of hertz) and strong variations in the average Doppler frequency shift and in the power, which in many cases were synchronous at the different receiving sites. These effects are most likely produced by the ionospheric scattering and dynamics within the heater's main beam. The tricky part is to explain how a portion of the HF energy contained in the relatively narrow main beam of the heater is redirected toward the remote receiving locations. We suggest a robust mechanism explaining the long-range propagation of the wideband component of the heater-generated signal based on the theory of scattering from rough surfaces. This mechanism preserves all the observed properties of the remote signals. We show that mountain relief in the vicinity of the heater plays the role of the rough surface causing almost isotropic scattering of the heater's main beam after it is reflected by the ionosphere. Multiple scattering by natural and artificial field-aligned irregularities in the ionospheric layer may be related to the ground-scattered remote signals through its role in spatial redistribution of the heater's radiation. C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Rietveld, Michael T.] EISCAT Sci Assoc, Ramfjordbotn, Norway. RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nikolay.Zabotin@Colorado.edu RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 49 IS 10 BP 987 EP 995 DI 10.1002/2014RS005573 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA AU0PF UT WOS:000345324900013 ER PT J AU Willneff, EA Ormsby, BA Stevens, JS Jaye, C Fischer, DA Schroeder, SLM AF Willneff, E. A. Ormsby, B. A. Stevens, J. S. Jaye, C. Fischer, D. A. Schroeder, S. L. M. TI Conservation of artists' acrylic emulsion paints: XPS, NEXAFS and ATR-FTIR studies of wet cleaning methods SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Applications of Surface andInterface Analysis, ECASIA CY OCT 13-18, 2013 CL Catania, ITALY DE acrylic emulsion paint; Heritage Science; XPS; NEXAFS; ATR-FTIR; microemulsion; cleaning; residue; pigment ID SURFACES; AFM AB Works of art prepared with acrylic emulsion paints became commercially available in the 1960s. It is increasingly necessary to undertake and optimise cleaning and preventative conservation treatments to ensure their longevity. Model artists' acrylic paint films covered with artificial soiling were thus prepared on a canvas support and exposed to a variety of wet cleaning treatments based on aqueous or hydrocarbon solvent systems. This included some with additives such as chelating agents and/or surfactants, and microemulsion systems made specifically for conservation practice. The impact of cleaning (soiling removal) on the paint film surface was examined visually and correlated with results of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, XPS and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analyses - three spectroscopic techniques with increasing surface sensitivity ranging from approximately - 1000, 10 and 5 nm, respectively. Visual analysis established the relative cleaning efficacy of the wet cleaning treatments in line with previous results. X-ray spectroscopy analysis provided significant additional findings, including evidence for (i) surfactant extraction following aqueous swabbing, (ii) modifications to pigment following cleaning and (iii) cleaning system residues. (C) 2014 The Authors. Surface and Interface Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Willneff, E. A.; Stevens, J. S.; Schroeder, S. L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ormsby, B. A.] Tate Gallery, Millbank London SW1P 4RG, England. [Schroeder, S. L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Willneff, EA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM e.willneff@manchester.ac.uk RI Schroeder, Sven/A-5129-2010; OI Schroeder, Sven/0000-0002-4232-5378; Stevens, Joanna/0000-0002-1013-8447 FU AHRC/EPSRC Science and Heritage Programme; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX EAW thanks the AHRC/EPSRC Science and Heritage Programme for funding her postdoctoral research fellowship. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Commercial names mentioned in this work are not an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD OCT-NOV PY 2014 VL 46 IS 10-11 BP 776 EP 780 DI 10.1002/sia.5376 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AT5MP UT WOS:000344987400025 ER PT J AU Obenour, DR Gronewold, AD Stow, CA Scavia, D AF Obenour, Daniel R. Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. Scavia, Donald TI Using a Bayesian hierarchical model to improve Lake Erie cyanobacteria bloom forecasts SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical modeling; gamma distribution; Lake Erie; cyanobacteria; phosphorus loading; harmful algal blooms ID WATER-QUALITY; CENTRAL BASIN; MICROCYSTIS BLOOMS; PHOSPHORUS; TRENDS; EUTROPHICATION; RESTORATION; UNCERTAINTY; PARAMETERS; EXTREMES AB The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the size of western Lake Erie cyanobacteria blooms, renewing concerns over phosphorus loading, a common driver of freshwater productivity. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the phosphorus load-bloom relationship, because of other biophysical factors that influence bloom size, and because the observed bloom size is not necessarily the true bloom size, owing to measurement error. In this study, we address these uncertainties by relating late-summer bloom observations to spring phosphorus load within a Bayesian modeling framework. This flexible framework allows us to evaluate three different forms of the load-bloom relationship, each with a particular combination of statistical error distribution and response transformation. We find that a novel implementation of a gamma error distribution, along with an untransformed response, results in a model with relatively high predictive skill and realistic uncertainty characterization, when compared to models based on more common statistical formulations. Our results also underscore the benefits of a hierarchical approach that enables assimilation of multiple sets of bloom observations within the calibration processes, allowing for more thorough uncertainty quantification and explicit differentiation between measurement and model error. Finally, in addition to phosphorus loading, the model includes a temporal trend component indicating that Lake Erie has become increasingly susceptible to large cyanobacteria blooms over the study period (2002-2013). Results suggest that current phosphorus loading targets will be insufficient for reducing the intensity of cyanobacteria blooms to desired levels, so long as the lake remains in a heightened state of bloom susceptibility. C1 [Obenour, Daniel R.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Obenour, DR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM drobenour@ncsu.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; University of Michigan Water Center; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This project was funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (administered by the U.S. EPA) Synthesis, Observation, and Response (SOAR) project, the University of Michigan Water Center, the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We thank Richard Stumpf and Thomas Bridgeman for providing bloom data and manuscript comments, and Steven Ruberg for providing manuscript review. In addition, we thank Peter Richards and David Baker for assistance with the loading data. All data sources are described in sections 2.1 and 2.2. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1719. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 21 U2 78 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 10 BP 7847 EP 7860 DI 10.1002/2014WR015616 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AT2RX UT WOS:000344783800018 ER PT J AU Krylyuk, S Debnath, R Yoon, HP King, MR Ha, JY Wen, B Motayed, A Davydov, AV AF Krylyuk, Sergiy Debnath, Ratan Yoon, Heayoung P. King, Matthew R. Ha, Jong-Yoon Wen, Baomei Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. TI Faceting control in core-shell GaN micropillars using selective epitaxy SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB We report on the fabrication of large-area, vertically aligned GaN epitaxial core-shell micropillar arrays. The two-step process consists of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of lithographically patterned GaN-on-Si substrate to produce an array of micropillars followed by selective growth of GaN shells over these pillars using Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE). The most significant aspect of the study is the demonstration of the sidewall facet control in the shells, ranging from {1 (1) over bar 01} semi-polar to {1 (1) over bar 100} non-polar planes, by employing a post-ICP chemical etch and by tuning the HVPE growth temperature. Room-temperature photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and Raman scattering measurements reveal substantial reduction of parasitic yellow luminescence as well as strain-relaxation in the core-shell structures. In addition, X-ray diffraction indicates improved crystal quality after the shell formation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of selective epitaxy on micro-/nano-engineered templates for realizing high-quality GaN-on-Si devices. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Debnath, Ratan; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Wen, Baomei; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy; Ha, Jong-Yoon; Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Debnath, Ratan; Wen, Baomei] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [King, Matthew R.] Northrop Grumman ES, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. RP Krylyuk, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sergiy.krylyuk@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012 OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0107]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX GaN pillars were fabricated at the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The University of Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award # HDTRA1-10-1-0107. H. P. Y. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 2 IS 10 AR 106104 DI 10.1063/1.4899296 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS9WD UT WOS:000344588400007 ER PT J AU Phillips, DL Inger, R Bearhop, S Jackson, AL Moore, JW Parnell, AC Semmens, BX Ward, EJ AF Phillips, Donald L. Inger, Richard Bearhop, Stuart Jackson, Andrew L. Moore, Jonathan W. Parnell, Andrew C. Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. TI Best practices for use of stable isotope mixing models in food-web studies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE consumers; diet; food chain; isotopic ratios; trophic level ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS DELTA-N-15; CONSUMER-DIET; PRIOR INFORMATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; CARBON ISOTOPES; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY; DELTA-C-13; TURNOVER AB Stable isotope mixing models are increasingly used to quantify consumer diets, but may be misused and misinterpreted. We address major challenges to their effective application. Mixing models have increased rapidly in sophistication. Current models estimate probability distributions of source contributions, have user-friendly interfaces, and incorporate complexities such as variability in isotope signatures, discrimination factors, hierarchical variance structure, covariates, and concentration dependence. For proper implementation of mixing models, we offer the following suggestions. First, mixing models can only be as good as the study and data. Studies should have clear questions, be informed by knowledge of the system, and have strong sampling designs to effectively characterize isotope variability of consumers and resources on proper spatio-temporal scales. Second, studies should use models appropriate for the question and recognize their assumptions and limitations. Decisions about source grouping or incorporation of concentration dependence can influence results. Third, studies should be careful about interpretation of model outputs. Mixing models generally estimate proportions of assimilated resources with substantial uncertainty distributions. Last, common sense, such as graphing data before analyzing, is essential to maximize usefulness of these tools. We hope these suggestions for effective implementation of stable isotope mixing models will aid continued development and application of this field. C1 [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Inger, Richard; Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Jackson, Andrew L.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Zool, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Parnell, Andrew C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci Stat, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Phillips, DL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM phillips.donald@epa.gov RI Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX The information in this review has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the EPA. We thank K. A. Hobson and A. L. Bond for constructive comments on an earlier draft. NR 98 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 20 U2 158 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 92 IS 10 BP 823 EP 835 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0127 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT6EF UT WOS:000345031300001 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE Ream, RR Sterling, JT Thomason, JR Towell, RG AF Kuhn, C. E. Ream, R. R. Sterling, J. T. Thomason, J. R. Towell, R. G. TI Spatial segregation and the influence of habitat on the foraging behavior of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Callorhinus ursinus; dive behavior; GPS tracking; northern fur seal; Pribilof Islands ID BERING-SEA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MARINE PREDATOR; ARGOS LOCATIONS; SOUTH GEORGIA; GPS TRACKING; PENGUINS; PREY; DIET; COMPETITION AB Central place foraging by colonial breeders can lead to depleted prey resources around breeding areas. Segregation of foraging areas both within and between large colonies may act as a mechanism to reduce competition for prey resulting in increased foraging success. We reassessed horizontal (spatial) foraging habitat segregation for northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758)) within and between colonies on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska (St. Paul and St. George islands), after the population declined by approximately 40%. Additionally, we examined vertical habitat segregation, where foraging ranges overlapped, and describe the influence of different foraging habitats on northern fur seal dive behavior. Spatial habitat segregation in northern fur seal foraging areas occurred between islands but was variable within islands, which is similar to the pattern previously described. There was no evidence for vertical habitat segregation when fur seals from different rookeries on St. George Island used the same foraging area. Additionally, fur seals from St. Paul Island rookeries that foraged in similar habitats showed fewer differences in dive behavior, indicating that foraging habitat plays a significant role in shaping dive behavior. The use of multiple foraging strategies within the Pribilof Island fur seal population could indicate that a complex management and conservation strategy may be necessary to stop the continuing decline of this population. C1 [Kuhn, C. E.; Ream, R. R.; Sterling, J. T.; Thomason, J. R.; Towell, R. G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Carey.Kuhn@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 92 IS 10 BP 861 EP 873 DI 10.1139/cjz-2014-0087 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AT6EF UT WOS:000345031300005 ER PT J AU Friend, DG Huber, ML Wright, NT AF Friend, D. G. Huber, M. L. Wright, N. T. TI The Eighteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Friend, D. G.; Huber, M. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wright, N. T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Friend, DG (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dfriend@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 35 IS 9-10 BP 1613 EP 1614 DI 10.1007/s10765-014-1758-2 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA AS9AR UT WOS:000344536400001 ER PT J AU Ngo, DQ Petkovic, I Lollo, A Castellanos-Beltran, MA Harris, JGE AF Ngo, D. Q. Petkovic, I. Lollo, A. Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. Harris, J. G. E. TI Fabrication and characterization of large arrays of mesoscopic gold rings on large-aspect-ratio cantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-METAL RINGS; LONG-RANGE ORDER; PERSISTENT CURRENTS; FLUX QUANTIZATION; SUPERCONDUCTING RINGS; DIAMAGNETIC RESPONSE; HOLLOW CYLINDER; COPPER RINGS; COHERENCE; FIELD AB We have fabricated large arrays of mesoscopic metal rings on ultrasensitive cantilevers. The arrays are defined by electron beam lithography and contain up to 10(5) rings. The rings have a circumference of 1 mu m, and are made of ultrapure (6N) Au that is deposited onto a silicon-on-insulator wafer without an adhesion layer. Subsequent processing of the SOI wafer results in each array being supported at the end of a free-standing cantilever. To accommodate the large arrays while maintaining a low spring constant, the cantilevers are nearly 1 mm in both lateral dimensions and 100 nm thick. The extreme aspect ratio of the cantilevers, the large array size, and the absence of a sticking layer are intended to enable measurements of the rings' average persistent current < I > in the presence of relatively small magnetic fields. We describe the motivation for these measurements, the fabrication of the devices, and the characterization of the cantilevers' mechanical properties. We also discuss the devices' expected performance in measurements of < I >. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ngo, D. Q.; Petkovic, I.; Lollo, A.; Harris, J. G. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harris, J. G. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ngo, DQ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ivana.petkovic@yale.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1106110]; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) FX We are grateful to Hugues Pothier for assistance in fabricating the Au samples. We would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. 1106110) and from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). Facilities use was supported by YINQE. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 85 IS 10 AR 105001 DI 10.1063/1.4896980 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AS9YL UT WOS:000344594200078 PM 25362443 ER PT J AU Fonollosa, J Rodriguez-Lujan, I Trincavelli, M Vergara, A Huerta, R AF Fonollosa, Jordi Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene Trincavelli, Marco Vergara, Alexander Huerta, Ramon TI Chemical Discrimination in Turbulent Gas Mixtures with MOX Sensors Validated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE chemical sensors; open sampling systems; gas turbulence; dynamic chemical mixture; inhibitory support vector machine; gas chromatography ID ARRAYS AB Chemical detection systems based on chemo-resistive sensors usually include a gas chamber to control the sample air flow and to minimize turbulence. However, such a kind of experimental setup does not reproduce the gas concentration fluctuations observed in natural environments and destroys the spatio-temporal information contained in gas plumes. Aiming at reproducing more realistic environments, we utilize a wind tunnel with two independent gas sources that get naturally mixed along a turbulent flow. For the first time, chemo-resistive gas sensors are exposed to dynamic gas mixtures generated with several concentration levels at the sources. Moreover, the ground truth of gas concentrations at the sensor location was estimated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used a support vector machine as a tool to show that chemo-resistive transduction can be utilized to reliably identify chemical components in dynamic turbulent mixtures, as long as sufficient gas concentration coverage is used. We show that in open sampling systems, training the classifiers only on high concentrations of gases produces less effective classification and that it is important to calibrate the classification method with data at low gas concentrations to achieve optimal performance. C1 [Fonollosa, Jordi; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trincavelli, Marco] Univ Orebro, AASS Res Ctr, S-70281 Orebro, Sweden. [Vergara, Alexander] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fonollosa, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fonollosa@ucsd.edu; irenerodriguez@ucsd.edu; marco.trincavelli@oru.se; vergara@ucsd.edu; rhuerta@ucsd.edu RI Huerta, Ramon/C-9296-2013; Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/E-8619-2016; Fonollosa, Jordi/L-2303-2014 OI Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/0000-0001-9512-9162; Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-13-1-0205]; California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (CALIT2) [2014CSRO 136] FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant Number N00014-13-1-0205 and by the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (CALIT2) under Grant Number 2014CSRO 136. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD OCT PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 19336 EP 19353 DI 10.3390/s141019336 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AS7SS UT WOS:000344455700076 PM 25325339 ER PT J AU Metcalfe, TS Creevey, OL Dogan, G Mathur, S Xu, H Bedding, TR Chaplin, WJ Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Karoff, C Trampedach, R Benomar, O Brown, BP Buzasi, DL Campante, TL Celik, Z Cunha, MS Davies, GR Deheuvels, S Derekas, A Di Mauro, MP Garcia, RA Guzik, JA Howe, R MacGregor, KB Mazumdar, A Montalban, J Monteiro, MJPFG Salabert, D Serenelli, A Stello, D Steslicki, M Suran, MD Yildiz, M Aksoy, C Elsworth, Y Gruberbauer, M Guenther, DB Lebreton, Y Molaverdikhani, K Pricopi, D Simoniello, R White, TR AF Metcalfe, T. S. Creevey, O. L. Dogan, G. Mathur, S. Xu, H. Bedding, T. R. Chaplin, W. J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Karoff, C. Trampedach, R. Benomar, O. Brown, B. P. Buzasi, D. L. Campante, T. L. Celik, Z. Cunha, M. S. Davies, G. R. Deheuvels, S. Derekas, A. Di Mauro, M. P. Garcia, R. A. Guzik, J. A. Howe, R. MacGregor, K. B. Mazumdar, A. Montalban, J. Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. Salabert, D. Serenelli, A. Stello, D. Steslicki, M. Suran, M. D. Yildiz, M. Aksoy, C. Elsworth, Y. Gruberbauer, M. Guenther, D. B. Lebreton, Y. Molaverdikhani, K. Pricopi, D. Simoniello, R. White, T. R. TI PROPERTIES OF 42 SOLAR-TYPE KEPLER TARGETS FROM THE ASTEROSEISMIC MODELING PORTAL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; stars: evolution; stars: interiors; stars: oscillations ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; STELLAR EVOLUTION CODE; TURBULENT CONVECTION; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES; AUTOMATIC-DETERMINATION; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES; PULSATIONAL STABILITY; INPUT CATALOG AB Recently the number of main-sequence and subgiant stars exhibiting solar-like oscillations that are resolved into individual mode frequencies has increased dramatically. While only a few such data sets were available for detailed modeling just a decade ago, the Kepler mission has produced suitable observations for hundreds of new targets. This rapid expansion in observational capacity has been accompanied by a shift in analysis and modeling strategies to yield uniform sets of derived stellar properties more quickly and easily. We use previously published asteroseismic and spectroscopic data sets to provide a uniform analysis of 42 solar-type Kepler targets from the Asteroseismic Modeling Portal. We find that fitting the individual frequencies typically doubles the precision of the asteroseismic radius, mass, and age compared to grid-based modeling of the global oscillation properties, and improves the precision of the radius and mass by about a factor of three over empirical scaling relations. We demonstrate the utility of the derived properties with several applications. C1 [Metcalfe, T. S.; Mathur, S.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Metcalfe, T. S.; Dogan, G.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Karoff, C.; Trampedach, R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Creevey, O. L.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Dogan, G.; Mathur, S.; MacGregor, K. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xu, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Computat & Informat Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bedding, T. R.; Benomar, O.; Stello, D.; White, T. R.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Chaplin, W. J.; Campante, T. L.; Davies, G. R.; Elsworth, Y.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benomar, O.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Brown, B. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brown, B. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Magnet Self Org, Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Brown, B. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Buzasi, D. L.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Celik, Z.; Yildiz, M.; Aksoy, C.] Ege Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [Cunha, M. S.; Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Cunha, M. S.; Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Deheuvels, S.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Deheuvels, S.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Derekas, A.] MTA CSFK, Konkoly Observ, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Derekas, A.] ELTE Gothard Astrophys Observ, H-9704 Szombathely, Hungary. [Di Mauro, M. P.] Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, INAF IAPS, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Garcia, R. A.; Salabert, D.; Simoniello, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, Ctr Saclay, Lab AIM, CEA DSM CNRS,IRFU SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Guzik, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTD NTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mazumdar, A.] Homi Bhabha Ctr Sci Educ, TIFR, Bombay 400088, Maharashtra, India. [Montalban, J.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Serenelli, A.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Space Sci, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. [Steslicki, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Wroclaw, Poland. [Suran, M. D.; Pricopi, D.] Acad Romana, Astron Inst, RO-040557 Bucharest, Romania. [Gruberbauer, M.; Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Lebreton, Y.] CNRS, GEPI, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Lebreton, Y.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6251, Inst Phys Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Molaverdikhani, K.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, T. R.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Metcalfe, TS (reprint author), Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./B-4715-2008; Derekas, Aliz/G-2091-2016; OI Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./0000-0003-0513-8116; Serenelli, Aldo/0000-0001-6359-2769; Di Mauro, Maria Pia/0000-0001-7801-7484; Davies, Guy/0000-0002-4290-7351; Derekas, Aliz/0000-0002-6526-9444; Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Karoff, Christoffer/0000-0003-2009-7965; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 FU NASA [NNX13AC44G, NNX13AE91G]; White Dwarf Research Corporation through the Pale Blue Dot project; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF106]; European Research Council [267864]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK:112T989]; European Commission grant for the SPACEINN project [FP7-SPACE-2012-312844]; NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics postdoctoral fellowship [AST 09-02004]; NSF [PHY 08-21899, PHY 11-25915]; Investigador FCT contract - FCT/MCTES (Portugal); POPH/FSE (EC); Hungarian OTKA [K83790, KTIA URKUT_10-1-2011-0019]; Lendulet Young Researchers Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; City of Szombathely [S-11-1027]; European Community Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [269194 (IRSES/ASK)]; CNES grant at CEA-Saclay; NIUS programme of HBCSE (TIFR); MICINN grant [AYA2011-24704]; ESF EUROCORES Program EuroGENESIS (MICINN) [EUI2009-04170]; Australian Research Council FX We would like to thank Victor Silva Aguirre for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NASA grants NNX13AC44G and NNX13AE91G, and by White Dwarf Research Corporation through the Pale Blue Dot project (http://whitedwarf.org/palebluedot/). Computational time on Kraken at the National Institute of Computational Sciences was provided through XSEDE allocation TG-AST090107. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF106). We acknowledge the ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) funded by the European Research Council (grant agreement No.: 267864), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK:112T989), and a European Commission grant for the SPACEINN project (FP7-SPACE-2012-312844). B.P.B. was supported in part by NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics postdoctoral fellowship AST 09-02004. C.M.S.O. is supported by NSF grant PHY 08-21899 and K.I.T.P. is supported by NSF grant PHY 11-25915. M.S.C. is supported by an Investigador FCT contract funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC). A.D. has been supported by the Hungarian OTKA grants K83790, KTIA URKUT_10-1-2011-0019 grant, the Lendulet-2009 Young Researchers Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the City of Szombathely under agreement No. S-11-1027. A.D. and R.A.G. acknowledge the support of the European Community Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 269194 (IRSES/ASK). R.A.G. and D. Salabert acknowledge the support of the CNES grant at CEA-Saclay. A.M. acknowledges support from the NIUS programme of HBCSE (TIFR). A.S. is supported by the MICINN grant AYA2011-24704 and by the ESF EUROCORES Program EuroGENESIS (MICINN grant EUI2009-04170). D. Stello is supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 97 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 214 IS 2 AR 27 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/214/2/27 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AS2YE UT WOS:000344141500013 ER PT J AU Holloway, CE Petch, JC Beare, RJ Bechtold, P Craig, GC Derbyshire, SH Donner, LJ Field, PR Gray, SL Marsham, JH Parker, DJ Plant, RS Roberts, NM Schultz, DM Stirling, AJ Woolnough, SJ AF Holloway, Christopher E. Petch, Jon C. Beare, Robert J. Bechtold, Peter Craig, George C. Derbyshire, Stephen H. Donner, Leo J. Field, Paul R. Gray, Suzanne L. Marsham, John H. Parker, Douglas J. Plant, Robert S. Roberts, Nigel M. Schultz, David M. Stirling, Alison J. Woolnough, Steven J. TI Understanding and representing atmospheric convection across scales: recommendations from the meeting held at Dartington Hall, Devon, UK, 28-30 January 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE convective parameterization; UK weather and climate modelling; parameterization development; next-generation climate models; next-generation NWP ID DEEP CONVECTION; MODEL; RESOLUTION; PARAMETERIZATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB As weather and climate models move towards higher resolution, there is growing excitement about potential future improvements in the understanding and prediction of atmospheric convection and its interaction with larger-scale phenomena. A meeting in January 2013 in Dartington, Devon was convened to address the best way to maximise these improvements, specifically in a UK context but with international relevance. Specific recommendations included increased convective-scale observations, high-resolution virtual laboratories, and a system of parameterization test beds with a range of complexities. The main recommendation was to facilitate the development of physically based convective parameterizations that are scale-aware, non-local, non-equilibrium, and stochastic. C1 [Holloway, Christopher E.; Woolnough, Steven J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Petch, Jon C.; Derbyshire, Stephen H.; Field, Paul R.; Stirling, Alison J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Beare, Robert J.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bechtold, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Craig, George C.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Donner, Leo J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Holloway, Christopher E.; Gray, Suzanne L.; Plant, Robert S.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Marsham, John H.; Parker, Douglas J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Roberts, Nigel M.] Met Off, Reading, Berks, England. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Holloway, CE (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM c.e.holloway@reading.ac.uk RI Craig, George/D-2577-2015; Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010; Parker, Douglas/O-8051-2015; Gray, Suzanne/J-6485-2016; Field, Paul/B-1692-2009; OI Craig, George/0000-0002-7431-8164; Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975; Parker, Douglas/0000-0003-2335-8198; Gray, Suzanne/0000-0001-8658-362X; Field, Paul/0000-0001-8528-0088; Plant, Robert/0000-0001-8808-0022 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/H008225/1]; UK NERC [NE/I021012/1] FX This workshop was commissioned by the Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme (JWCRP) and the Met Office Academic Partnership (MOAP), and additional funding was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) as part of the Tropopause Folding, Stratospheric Intrusions and Deep Convection (TROSIAD) project, Grant NE/H008225/1. CEH was supported by UK NERC grant NE/I021012/1. Logistics support was provided by Pip Gilbert and Ali Gane. The authors acknowledge the contributions from all meeting participants, who are listed in the report which can be found on the meeting website cited above. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1002/asl2.508 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS5WU UT WOS:000344338200017 ER PT J AU Lovell, SJ Carter, DW AF Lovell, Sabrina J. Carter, David W. TI The use of sampling weights in regression models of recreational fishing-site choices SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEMAND; ANGLER AB Improved methods for estimating saltwater recreational fishing catch and effort have been developed by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Sampling weights that account for a complex sample design in surveys of anglers are now available with NMFS catch and effort estimates. Previously, estimates of the economic value to anglers (known as the "willingness to pay") for additional fish caught that were based on angler surveys did not typically account for the underlying complex sample design. In this study, a recreational-demand model was used for analysis of fishing site choices in the Gulf of Mexico in 2009 among private-boat anglers who target groupers (Epinephelus spp., Hyporthodus spp., or Mycteroperca spp.) or red snapper (Lutjanus canzpechanus). Different versions of the model were developed with and without accounting for the complex sample design. Results between the unweighted version and weighted versions of the model varied in estimates of catch between sites and the value anglers place on being able to catch and keep additional fish. C1 [Lovell, Sabrina J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Econ & Social Anal Div, Off Sci & Technol, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Carter, David W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lovell, SJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Econ & Social Anal Div, Off Sci & Technol, NOAA, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sabrina.lovell@noaa.gov RI Carter, David/G-7472-2016 OI Carter, David/0000-0001-8960-7236 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.7755/FB.112.4.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS7PY UT WOS:000344448700001 ER PT J AU Conrath, CL Conners, ME AF Conrath, Christina L. Conners, M. Elizabeth TI Aspects of the reproductive biology of the North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-MATURATION; CEPHALOPODA; OCTOPODIDAE; MOLLUSCA; WULKER; CYCLE; SEA AB In 2011, octopuses in the Gulf of Alaska were removed from the "other species" group and are now managed by the North Pacific Fishery Management Council as a complex that includes all octopus species within this region. Management of this complex includes the specification of annual catch limits and overfishing limits. Understanding the life history of octopuses is important for establishment of appropriate management strategies. The North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) is the most abundant octopus species found on the continental shelf and dominates the commercial catch of octopuses within the Gulf of Alaska. Specimens of the North Pacific giant octopus were obtained from charter operations, commercial fishermen, and scientific surveys within the Gulf of Alaska. This species has a protracted reproductive cycle and peak spawning occurs from winter to early spring months. In the Gulf of Alaska, this species matures at weights from 10 to 20 kg; weight at 50% maturity is 13.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]=12.5-15.5 kg) for females and 14.2 kg (95% CI=12.6-15.9 kg) for males. Estimates of fecundity for this species range from 41,600 to 239,000 eggs per female and average fecundity is estimated at 106,800 eggs per female. Fecundity was positively related to the weight of the female (n=33, P<0.001). Determination of reproductive parameters is necessary to assess the vulnerability of octopuses within this region to overfishing and to establish appropriate management strategies for this species group within the Gulf of Alaska. C1 [Conrath, Christina L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Conners, M. Elizabeth] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conrath, CL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM christina.conrath@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [906] FX For valuable assistance rendered in field operations, we thank the following individuals from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: P. Tschersich, P. Converse, and C. Worton. In addition, we wish to recognize the captain and crew of the FV Mythos, D. Kubiak, D. Dumm, and A. Barnett. We also thank researchers at the Kodiak Laboratory, including P. Cummiskey, and J. E. Munk, for assistance in construction of gear and diving operations. Lastly, we thank the Pacific cod pot fishermen who donated octopuses to this project. This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board, project no. 906. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 32 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.7755/FB.112.4.2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS7PY UT WOS:000344448700002 ER PT J AU Saari, CR Cowan, JH Boswell, KM AF Saari, Courtney R. Cowan, James H., Jr. Boswell, Kevin M. TI Regional differences in the age and growth of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the US Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; WESTERN ATLANTIC; FISH POPULATIONS; GAS PLATFORMS; FISHERIES; DISCRIMINATION; PERCIFORMES; LOUISIANA; MOVEMENT AB In the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM), red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) are managed as a unit stock, although the stock is assessed as subunits east and west of the Mississippi River. Differences were examined between management subunits by comparison of the size and age structure and growth rates of red snapper among recreational catches from 6 regions of the GOM: South Texas, North Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Northwest Florida, and Central Florida. In all of these regions, red snapper sampled in 2009 and 2010 were small and predominantly from age classes that represented the strong recruitment for the year classes of 2004-06. As such, our data indicate a highly truncated age structure with few fish older than 6 years. Demographic differences in size, age, and growth parameters were found. Small (550 ram in total length), fast-growing individuals dominated the catches in South Texas and the regions of Florida, whereas larger, slower-growing fish represented the majority of catches in Alabama and Louisiana. The potential mechanisms affecting observed demographic variation include environmental differences, fishing pressure, habitat preference, and management regimes; however, no definitive conclusion about cause and effect can be made. The combination of demographic differences between regions and consistent occurrence of the strong year classes GOM-wide supports recent conclusions that red snapper form a metapopulation of semi-isolated assemblages in the GOM. C1 [Saari, Courtney R.; Cowan, James H., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Saari, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, IAP Worldwide Serv Inc, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM courtney.saari@noaa.gov RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016 OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541 FU U.S. Department of Commerce Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN) [NA08NMF4330409] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN grant NA08NMF4330409). We appreciate the field support from M. Sluis, G. Harwell, E. Roche, and many others. We offer our gratitude to A. Fischer for training our otolith readers and D. Kulaw for assistance in sampling and counting annuli. We also thank the numerous fishermen who allowed us to sample their catches. Finally, we would like to thank K. Simonsen and several anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews of this article. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 29 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.7755/FB.112.4.3 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS7PY UT WOS:000344448700003 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Rosati, JD AF Baremore, Ivy E. Rosati, J. Drew TI A validated, minimally deleterious method for aging sturgeon SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PECTORAL FIN RAYS; SHOVELNOSE STURGEON; AGE-DETERMINATION; WHITE STURGEON; LAKE STURGEON; PRECISION; ACCURACY AB To determine the most suitable aging structure for sturgeons, band counts of transverse sections of otoliths and the pectoral-, dorsal-, pelvic-, and anal-fin rays of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinehus desotoi) were compared. The otoliths and dorsal-, pelvic- and anal-fin rays produced inconsistent band patterns, but bands formed in the first (fin spine) and second marginal pectoral-fin rays were easily read and the most consistent. The index of average percent error and the coefficient of variation between final ages from the fin spines and the second marginal fin ray were 0.75% and 1.06%, respectfully. Percent agreement between the assigned age of the fin spine and second marginal fin ray was high. The fin spine is commonly used to age sturgeon species; however, removal of the fin spine was considered potentially deleterious, especially to larger sturgeon. Sampling the second marginal fin ray appeared to be less harmful. Annual band formation in the second marginal fin ray for 3 Gulf sturgeon was validated with the use of oxytetracycline. We propose the second marginal pectoral-fin ray as an acceptable and less harmful alternative structure to the fin spine for aging Gulf sturgeon and recommend its use for other threatened and endangered sturgeon species. An extraction method of minimal invasiveness is presented here for field removal of the second marginal pectoral-fin ray from live sturgeon. C1 [Baremore, Ivy E.; Rosati, J. Drew] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), MarAlliance, POB 283, Ambergris Caye, Central America, Iceland. EM ivalina1@gmail.com NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.7755/FB.112.4.4 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS7PY UT WOS:000344448700004 ER PT J AU Campbell, MD Driggers, WB Sauls, B Walter, JF AF Campbell, Matthew D. Driggers, William B., III Sauls, Beverly Walter, John F. TI Release mortality in the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fishery: a meta-analysis of 3 decades of research SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; REFLEX IMPAIRMENT; DELAYED MORTALITY; RELATIVE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC ROCKFISH; CONDITION INDEX; CATCH; STRESS; MODEL; BAROTRAUMA AB The value of catch-and-release fishing as a conservation measure is highly dependent upon rates of discard frequency and release mortality. Therefore, it is important to understand how estimates of these variables are affected by factors such as capture depth and water temperature. The meta-analytical approach to modeling used here for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Gulf of Mexico provides a robust method for dealing with study-specific differences in experimental protocols and for estimating release (discard) mortality as a function of key factors. Results of this analysis showed significant increases in mortality by depth and for the commercial sector. The most consistent result was the positive correlation between depth and estimates of release mortality, a relationship that was present regardless of study method, fishing sector, hook type used, or season of study. The effect of venting (deflating the swim bladder by puncture) was dependent on whether the study produced estimates of immediate or delayed mortality. Immediate estimates indicated that mortality rates are lowered by venting whereas delayed estimates indicated that venting increased mortality rates. This result is largely reflective of the use of submergence ability, from surface-release studies, as a proxy for mortality. The model's interaction result indicates that recompression of fish may be a viable alternative to venting and that, if a recompression device is not available, venting at least improves the likelihood that a fish can submerge and return to protective habitat. The depth-based functional relationships developed in this model were used in the most recent red snapper stock assessment in 2012, and that use was a change from previous assessments where region-specific point estimates were used. C1 [Campbell, Matthew D.; Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Sauls, Beverly] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Walter, John F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Campbell, MD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM matthew.d.campbell@noaa.gov OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.7755/FB.112.4.5 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS7PY UT WOS:000344448700005 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Moezzi, K Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Moezzi, Kaveh Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran TI Distributed Deployment Algorithms for Efficient Coverage in a Network of Mobile Sensors With Nonidentical Sensing Capabilities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coverage; distributed algorithm; mobile sensor networks ID AD HOC; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; WIRELESS NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; CONNECTIVITY; PLACEMENT; CONSTRAINTS; INCREASES; LIFETIME; FIELD AB In this paper, efficient deployment algorithms are proposed for a mobile sensor network to improve the coverage area. The proposed algorithms find the target position of each sensor iteratively, based on the existing coverage holes in the network. The multiplicatively weighted Voronoi (MW-Voronoi) diagram is used to discover the coverage holes corresponding to different sensors with different sensing ranges. Three sensor deployment algorithms are provided, which tend to either move sensors out of densely packed areas or place them in proper positions with respect to the boundaries of the MW-Voronoi regions. Under the proposed procedures, the sensors move in such a way that the coverage holes in the target field are reduced. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the deployment algorithms proposed in this paper. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E9, Canada. [Moezzi, Kaveh] AKKA Tech, Montreal, PQ H3B 1X9, Canada. [Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aghdam, Amir G.] Voyan Technol, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Aghdam, Amir G.] Univ Toronto, Syst Control Grp, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Zagros Networks Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E9, Canada. EM hamid.mahboubi@mail.mcgill.ca; kaveh.moezzi@aero.bombardier.com; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB8H8146. An earlier version of this work was presented at the IEEE Global Communication Conference, Miami, FL, USA, December 2010. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. G. Mao. NR 80 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 63 IS 8 BP 3998 EP 4016 DI 10.1109/TVT.2014.2302232 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA AS2BF UT WOS:000344083300045 ER PT J AU Sukigara, C Suga, T Toyama, K Oka, E AF Sukigara, Chiho Suga, Toshio Toyama, Katsuya Oka, Eitarou TI Biogeochemical responses associated with the passage of a cyclonic eddy based on shipboard observations in the western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale process; Physical-biological process; Cyclonic eddy; Primary productivity; Nutrient supply ID DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; SHALLOW OXYGEN MAXIMUM; SARGASSO SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; E-FLUX; OCEAN; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY AB A shipboard high-resolution hydrographic survey in the subtropical region of the western North Pacific conducted from October to November 2008 detected part of a cyclonic eddy around 30A degrees N, 145A degrees E. This eddy had propagated westward in the region south of the Kuroshio extension for at least 6 months as a wavelike disturbance. Within this eddy, isopycnals shallowed between a depth of 600 m and just below the surface mixed layer. In addition, maximal dissolved oxygen concentrations were observed in the subsurface layer between depths of 50 and 100 m. Nitrate was depleted within this subsurface maximal oxygen layer. These results suggest that nutrients in the deeper layers were supplied into the euphotic layer as a result of the uplift of isopycnals in the eddy, fueling the photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the subsurface and emitting an excess of oxygen due to new production. Compared with the outside of the eddy, the enhancement of oxygen and the decrease of nitrate in the center of the eddy were estimated to be 2.7 mol O-2 m(-2) and 0.22 mol N m(-2), respectively. The primary productivity calculated using the eddy transition speed of 5.1 km day(-1) was 548 mg C m(-2) day(-1) at the center of the eddy. The enhanced primary productivity due to the passage of the eddy is likely to have an important role in the ecosystem and on material cycling in the subtropical region. C1 [Sukigara, Chiho] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Suga, Toshio] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Suga, Toshio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Toyama, Katsuya] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oka, Eitarou] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. RP Sukigara, C (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM suki@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Suga, Toshio/C-2708-2009 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [17651002, 17GS0203]; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (KAKENHI) [25287118]; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council (AFFRC) FX This work was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (no. 17651002) Scientific Research in Priority Areas, "Western Pacific Air-Sea Interaction Study (W-PASS)" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (no. 25287118) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (KAKENHI); by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council (AFFRC) for the study of "Population Outbreak of Marine Life"; by Grants-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (no. 17GS0203) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and for Scientific Research in Priority Areas "Comprehensive studies of global greenhouse gas cycles in the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere and oceans". The authors thank the captain, crews, and scientists of the R/V Hakuho-Maru of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Thanks are also given to members of the Physical Oceanography Group at Tohoku University and members of the laboratory of Satellite Biological Oceanography in Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center at Nagoya University for their helpful discussions throughout this study. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 70 IS 5 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s10872-014-0244-6 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AS2AL UT WOS:000344081300004 ER PT J AU Waltari, E Schroeder, R McDonald, K Anderson, RP Carnaval, A AF Waltari, Eric Schroeder, Ronny McDonald, Kyle Anderson, Robert P. Carnaval, Ana TI Bioclimatic variables derived from remote sensing: assessment and application for species distribution modelling SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE AMSR-E; ecological niche modelling; MERRA; remote sensing; South America; species distribution modelling; WorldClim ID BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST; ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; SAMPLING BIAS; BIODIVERSITY; IMPROVE; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; RODENTS; MODIS AB Remote sensing techniques offer an opportunity to improve biodiversity modelling and prediction world-wide. Yet, to date, the weather station-based WorldClim data set has been the primary source of temperature and precipitation information used in correlative species distribution models. WorldClim consists of grids interpolated from in situ station data recorded primarily from 1960 to 1990. Those data sets suffer from uneven geographic coverage, with many areas of Earth poorly represented. Here, we compare two remote sensing data sources for the purposes of biodiversity prediction: MERRA climate reanalysis data and AMSR-E, a pure remote sensing data source. We use these data to generate novel temperature-based bioclimatic information and to model the distributions of 20 species of vertebrates endemic to four regions of South America: Amazonia, the Atlantic Forest, the Cerrado and Patagonia. We compare the bioclimatic data sets derived from MERRA and AMSR-E information with in situ station data and contrast species distribution models based on these two products to models built with WorldClim. Surface temperature estimates provided by MERRA and AMSR-E showed warm temperature biases relative to the in situ data fields, but the reliability of these data sets varied in geographic space. Species distribution models derived from the MERRA data performed equally well (in Cerrado, Amazonia and Patagonia) or better (Atlantic Forest) than models built with the WorldClim data. In contrast, the performance of models constructed with the AMSR-E data was similar to (Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado) or worse than (Patagonia) that of models built with WorldClim data. Whereas this initial comparison assessed only temperature fields, efforts to estimate precipitation from remote sensing information hold great promise; furthermore, other environmental data sets with higher spatial and temporal fidelity may improve upon these results. 10.1111/(ISSN)2041-210X We describe a method and open source R package agTrend for analysing regional trends of abundance from sites with uneven sample schedules over space and time. The method uses a hierarchical model to augment missing abundance measurements, while accounting for survey methodology changes and variability due to survey replication. A zero-inflated log-normal distribution is used to model abundance (normalized for methodology changes) and a log-normal distribution to model the observed abundance conditional on the true normalized abundance. The proposed method and software are demonstrated with an analysis of regional abundance index trends of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska. The package will be of most use to ecologists and resource managers interested in estimating regional trends of abundance surveys aggregated over several sites when sites have not been surveyed at concurrent times and hence regional abundance measurements cannot be directly calculated. 10.1111/(ISSN)2041-210X 100:1 signal-to-noise ratio, is compatible with single photon states of light. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Agha, Imad] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Agha, Imad] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Agha, I (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iagha1@udayton.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX I. A, S. A., and L. S. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award 70NANB10H193. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5677 EP 5680 DI 10.1364/OL.39.005677 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AR9PH UT WOS:000343906400053 PM 25360957 ER PT J AU Schakner, ZA Lunsford, C Straley, J Eguchi, T Mesnick, SL AF Schakner, Zachary A. Lunsford, Chris Straley, Janice Eguchi, Tomoharu Mesnick, Sarah L. TI Using Models of Social Transmission to Examine the Spread of Longline Depredation Behavior among Sperm Whales in the Gulf of Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATING LEARNING RATES; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; DIFFUSION DYNAMICS; FISHERIES AB Fishing, farming and ranching provide opportunities for predators to prey on resources concentrated by humans, a behavior termed depredation. In the Gulf of Alaska, observations of sperm whales depredating on fish caught on demersal longline gear dates back to the 1970s, with reported incidents increasing in the mid-1990s. Sperm whale depredation provides an opportunity to study the spread of a novel foraging behavior within a population. Data were collected during National Marine Fisheries Service longline surveys using demersal longline gear in waters off Alaska from 1998 to 2010. We evaluated whether observations of depredation fit predictions of social transmission by fitting the temporal and spatial spread of new observations of depredation to the Wave of Advance model. We found a significant, positive relationship between time and the distance of new observations from the diffusion center (r(2) = 0.55, p-value = 0.003). The data provide circumstantial evidence for social transmission of depredation. We discuss how changes in human activities in the region (fishing methods and regulations) have created a situation in which there is spatial-temporal overlap with foraging sperm whales, likely influencing when and how the behavior spread among the population. C1 [Schakner, Zachary A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lunsford, Chris] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Straley, Janice] Univ Alaska Southeast, Sitka, AK USA. [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Schakner, ZA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM zschakner@ucla.edu; sarah.mesnick@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation FX Z.A.S. is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e109079 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0109079 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AR6ZM UT WOS:000343729600097 PM 25272019 ER PT J AU Gee, L McKenna, L Beaudoin, J AF Gee, Lindsay McKenna, Lindsay Beaudoin, Jonathan TI New Tools for Water Column Feature Detection, Extraction and Analysis FMMidwater Interactively Visualizes Time-Varying Geospatial Data SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Gee, Lindsay] QPS Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. [Gee, Lindsay] IVS 3D, Portsmouth, England. [McKenna, Lindsay] NOAA, Okeanos Explorer Program, Off Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. [Beaudoin, Jonathan] QPS Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Beaudoin, Jonathan] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gee, L (reprint author), QPS Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 55 IS 10 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AR8XM UT WOS:000343854700005 ER PT J AU Davis, EM Stafford, CM Page, KA AF Davis, Eric M. Stafford, Christopher M. Page, Kirt A. TI Elucidating Water Transport Mechanisms in Nafion Thin Films SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FTIR-ATR; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION; SORPTION; CONFINEMENT; SUBSTRATE; SOLUBILITY AB Ion-exchange membranes are critical components of hydrogen fuel cells, where these ionomers can be confined to nanoscale thicknesses, altering the physical properties of these films from that of bulk membranes. Therefore, it is important to develop methods capable of measuring and elucidating the transport mechanisms under thin film confinement compared to bulk Nafion. In this study, water sorption and diffusion in a Nafion thin film were measured using time-resolved in situ polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Interfacial mass transport limitations were confirmed to be minimal, while restricted water diffusion was observed, where the effective diffusion coefficient of water in the thin Nafion film was many orders of magnitude lower (between 4 and 5 orders of magnitude) than those reported for bulk membranes and was dependent on the initial hydration state of the Nafion. Furthermore, the response of the hydrophobic domains (Teflon backbone) to the swelling of the hydrophilic domains (ionic clusters) was shown to be orders of magnitude slower than that of bulk Nafion. C1 [Davis, Eric M.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Page, Kirt A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, EM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.davis@nist.gov; kirt.page@nist.gov FU National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP) FX The authors thank Estefania Quinones Melendez and Dr. Brandon Rowe for their initial work on the H2O to D2O switching experiments. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Sebastian Engmann and Dr. Nichole Nadermann for their help with ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), respectively. The National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP) supported this work. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1021/mz500515b PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AR6DJ UT WOS:000343673200015 ER PT J AU Pugh, RS AF Pugh, Rebecca S. TI Overview of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) Working Groups SO BIOPRESERVATION AND BIOBANKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pugh, Rebecca S.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Pugh, RS (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1947-5535 EI 1947-5543 J9 BIOPRESERV BIOBANK JI Biopreserv. Biobank. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 12 IS 5 BP 358 EP 360 DI 10.1089/bio.2014.1252 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Cell Biology; Chemistry; Medical Laboratory Technology GA AR2LV UT WOS:000343419500013 PM 25340945 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Reipa, V Watson, SS Stanley, DL Rabb, SA Nelson, BC AF Petersen, Elijah J. Reipa, Vytas Watson, Stephanie S. Stanley, Deborah L. Rabb, Savelas A. Nelson, Bryant C. TI DNA Damaging Potential of Photoactivated P25 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CELLS; PARTICLES; REPAIR; GENOTOXICITY; CYTOTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; BASES AB Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are found in numerous commercial and personal care products. Thus, it is necessary to understand and characterize their potential environmental health and safety risks. It is well-known that photoactivated TiO2 NPs in aerated aqueous solutions can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot), which can damage DNA. Surprisingly, recent in vitro studies utilizing the comet assay have shown that nonphotoactivated TiO2 NPs kept in the dark can also induce DNA damage. In this work, we utilize stable isotope-dilution gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively characterize the levels and types of oxidatively generated base lesions in genomic DNA exposed to NIST Standard Reference Material TiO2 NPs (Degussa P25) under precisely controlled illumination conditions. We show that DNA samples incubated in the dark for 24 h with TiO2 NPs (0.5-50 mu g/mL) do not lead to the formation of base lesions. However, when the same DNA is exposed to either visible light from 400 to 800 nm (energy dose of similar to 14.5 kJ/m(2)) for 24 h or UVA light at 370 nm for 30 min (energy dose of similar to 10 kJ/m(2)), there is a significant formation of lesions at the 50 mu g/mL dose for the visible light exposure and a significant formation of lesions at the 5 and 50 mu g/mL doses for the UVA light exposure. These findings suggest that commercial P25 TiO2 NPs do not have an inherent capacity to oxidatively damage DNA bases in the absence of sufficient photoactivation; however, TiO2 NPs ex-posed to electromagnetic radiation within the visible portion of the light spectrum can induce the formation of DNA lesions. On the basis of these findings, comet assay processing of cells exposed to TiO2 should be performed in the dark to minimize potential artifacts from laboratory light. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Reipa, Vytas; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rabb, Savelas A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Chem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Stephanie S.; Stanley, Deborah L.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1877 EP 1884 DI 10.1021/tx500340v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA AR3ZB UT WOS:000343526700023 PM 25162377 ER PT J AU Vaish, A Vanderah, DJ Vierling, R Crawshaw, F Gallagher, DT Walker, ML AF Vaish, Amit Vanderah, David J. Vierling, Ryan Crawshaw, Fay Gallagher, D. Travis Walker, Marlon L. TI Membrane protein resistance of oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Membrane protein resistance; Oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers ID POLY(L-LYSINE)-G-POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) LAYERS; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; CHAIN-LENGTH; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; GOLD; FIBRINOGEN; ALKANETHIOLS; ARCHITECTURE; INHIBITION AB As part of an effort to develop biointerfaces for structure-function studies of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) a series of oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers (OEO-SAMs) were evaluated for their resistance to protein adsorption (RPA) of IMPs on Au and Pt. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used to determine SAM thicknesses and compare the RPA of HS(CH2)(3)O(CH2CH2O)(6)CH3 (1), HS(CH2)(3)O(CH2CH2O)(6)H (2), [HS(CH2)(3)](2)CHO(CH2CH2O)(6)CH3 (3) and [HS(CH2)(3)](2)CHO(CH2CH2O)(6)H (4), assembled from water. For both substrates, SAM thicknesses for 1 to 4 were found to be comparable indicating SAMs with similar surface coverages and OEO chain order and packing densities. Fibrinogen (Fb), a soluble plasma protein, and rhodopsin (Rd), an integral membrane G-protein coupled receptor, adsorbed to the SAMs of 1, as expected from previous reports, but not to the hydroxy-terminated SAMs of 2 and 4. The methoxy-terminated SAMs of 3 were resistant to Fb but, surprisingly, not to Rd. The stark difference between the adsorption of Rd to the SAMs of 3 and 4 clearly indicate that a hydroxy-terminus of the OEO chain is essential for high RPA of IMPs. The similar thicknesses and high RPA of the SAMs of 2 and 4 show the conditions of protein resistance (screening the underlying substrate, packing densities, SAM order, and conformational mobility of the OEO chains) defined from previous studies on Au are applicable to Pt. In addition, the SAMs of 4, exhibiting the highest resistance to Fb and Rd, were placed in contact with undiluted fetal bovine serum for 2 h. Low protein adsorption (approximate to 12.4ng/cm(2)), obtained under these more challenging conditions, denote a high potential of the SAMs of 4 for various applications requiring the suppression of non-specific protein adsorption. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vaish, Amit] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaish, Amit] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vanderah, David J.; Vierling, Ryan; Crawshaw, Fay; Gallagher, D. Travis] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vanderah, David J.; Vierling, Ryan; Crawshaw, Fay; Gallagher, D. Travis] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Walker, Marlon L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vanderah@ibbr.umd.edu; marlon.walker@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) fellowship FX A. V. acknowledges the National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) fellowship. R. J. V. and F. C. were NIST summer undergraduate research fellows (SURF) [R. J. V. (2006 and 2007) and F. C. 2011]. We thank Dr. Klaus Garwisch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD for the generous gift of purified rhodopsin and Alessandro Tona and Dr. John Elliott for the gift of fetal bovine serum. We thank Dr. Lee Richter for helpful suggestions and comments. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 122 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.031 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA AR5GK UT WOS:000343612900069 PM 25124834 ER PT J AU Leaf, RT Friedland, KD AF Leaf, Robert T. Friedland, Kevin D. TI Autumn bloom phenology and magnitude influence haddock recruitment on Georges Bank SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bloom timing; haddock; parental effects; phenology; recruitment ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; PARENTAL CONDITION; NORTH-SEA; FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; SCOTIAN SHELF; LONG-TERM; FISH; ATLANTIC AB The haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stock on Georges Bank in the Northwest Atlantic is characterized by extremely large recruitment events relative to spawning-stock biomass. Recent work has indicated that the dynamics of the preceding autumn bloom may have explanatory power to describe these events. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that autumn phytoplankton dynamics affect the recruitment of haddock, examine the temporal and spatial characteristics of the autumn phytoplankton bloom on Georges Bank, and correlate individual sex-specific condition measurements of haddock made in spring to recruitment patterns. Autumn bloom characteristics vary considerably across Georges Bank with earlier-occurring and larger-integral blooms occurring on the northern flank. On average, autumn blooms start on day 273 (29 September) and persist similar to 50 days. There was a significant negative correlation detected between bloom start date and recruitment and a significant positive correlation of bloom integral and recruitment. The survivor ratio log(e)(R/SSB) was positively and significantly correlated with individual condition of females in spring. The analysis of autumn bloom on Georges Bank provides a predictive index for recruitment strength of haddock and has utility for the assessment of this stock. C1 [Leaf, Robert T.; Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Leaf, RT (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM robert.leaf@usm.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries (NMFS) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX This work was supported by funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries (NMFS) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. We particularly thank M.J. Fogarty for his thoughtful review of an early draft of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2017 EP 2025 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu076 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100006 ER PT J AU Botsford, LW Holland, MD Field, JC Hastings, A AF Botsford, Louis W. Holland, Matthew D. Field, John C. Hastings, Alan TI Cohort resonance: a significant component of fluctuations in recruitment, egg production, and catch of fished populations SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age structure; environmental variability; fishing; frequency response; stochastic models ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STOCK; MODELS; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY AB Hjort (1914. Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe. Rapport et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions du Conseil Permanent International pour l'exploration de la Mer, XX: 1-228) identified two important aspects of the early life of fish as being important determinants of fluctuations in year-class strength: changes in nutrition and transport. He dismissed a third possible influence, changes in the abundance of the reproductive stock. Here, we describe how a recently discovered characteristic behaviour of age-structured populations termed cohort resonance, which does involve changes in adult abundance, can have a substantial effect on fluctuations in fished populations. Cohort resonance involves selectively greater sensitivity of age structured populations to generational frequencies and to very low frequencies in the environmental signal influencing a population. This frequency dependent selectivity has been shown to increase with fishing, as do the total amounts of variability in recruitment, egg production, and catch. Cohort resonance differs from other recent model mechanisms proposed to explain the observed increase in variability with fishing in that it does not require over-compensatory density-dependence. It stems from the compensatory ascending limb of the egg-recruit relationship, and is a characteristic of a stable population driven by a random environment. We demonstrate the differences in frequency selectivity and increases in variability with fishing among three different Pacific coast species with different longevity: coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch; similar to 3 years), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus; similar to 25 years), and Pacific Ocean perch (Sebastes alutus; similar to 90 years). The shortest lived, coho salmon is the most sensitive to environmental variability, but variability in egg production and catch both increase more rapidly with fishing in the longer-lived species. Understanding cohort resonance will aid in anticipation of predicted potential changes in the frequency content of the physical environment with changing climate (e. g. more frequent El Ninos), and it provides a warning regarding the possible confounding of increasing sensitivity to slow change due to fishing with actual slow change of population parameters due to climate change. Our understanding of the role of cohort resonance in population variability will be enhanced by further identification of empirical examples. We describe some of the challenges in this effort. C1 [Botsford, Louis W.; Holland, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Field, John C.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Botsford, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwbotsford@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE0815293] FX This research is part of US GLOBEC synthesis activities, and was supported by National Science Foundation grant NSF OCE0815293. We thank Will White, Jason Whittington, and two reviewers for helpful comments. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2158 EP 2170 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu063 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100017 ER PT J AU Hixon, MA Johnson, DW Sogard, SM AF Hixon, Mark A. Johnson, Darren W. Sogard, Susan M. TI BOFFFFs: on the importance of conserving old-growth age structure in fishery populations SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age truncation; big old fat fecund female fish (BOFFFF); egg/offspring size/quality; maternal effects; recruitment; relative fecundity; stock productivity/stability; storage effect ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CAPTIVE ATLANTIC COD; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; NORTH-SEA PLAICE; BAY STRIPED BASS; EGG-SIZE AB The value of big old fat fecund female fish (BOFFFFs) in fostering stock productivity and stability has long been underappreciated by conventional fisheries science and management, although Hjort (1914) indirectly alluded to the importance of maternal effects. Compared with smaller mature females, BOFFFFs in a broad variety of marine and freshwater teleosts produce far more and often larger eggs that may develop into larvae that grow faster and withstand starvation better. As (if not more) importantly, BOFFFFs in batch-spawning species tend to have earlier and longer spawning seasons and may spawn in different locations than smaller females. Such features indicate that BOFFFFs are major agents of bet-hedging strategies that help to ensure individual reproductive success in environments that vary tremendously in time and space. Even if all else were equal, BOFFFFs can outlive periods that are unfavourable for successful reproduction and be ready to spawn profusely and enhance recruitment when favourable conditions return (the storage effect). Fishing differentially removes BOFFFFs, typically resulting in severe truncation of the size and age structure of the population. In the worst cases, fishing mortality acts as a powerful selective agent that inhibits reversal of size and age truncation, even if fishing intensity is later reduced. Age truncation is now known to destabilize fished populations, increasing their susceptibility to collapse. Although some fisheries models are beginning to incorporate maternal and other old-growth effects, most continue to treat all spawning-stock biomass as identical: many small young females are assumed to contribute the same to stock productivity as an equivalent mass of BOFFFFs. A growing body of knowledge dictates that fisheries productivity and stability would be enhanced if management conserved old-growth age structure in fished stocks, be it by limiting exploitation rates, by implementing slot limits, or by establishing marine reserves, which are now known to seed surrounding fished areas via larval dispersal. Networks of marine reserves are likely to be the most effective means of ensuring that pockets of old-growth age structure survive throughout the geographic range of demersal species. C1 [Hixon, Mark A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, Darren W.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Sogard, Susan M.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Hixon, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM hixonm@hawaii.edu NR 219 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 17 U2 112 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2171 EP 2185 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst200 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100018 ER PT J AU Zwolinski, JP Demer, DA AF Zwolinski, Juan P. Demer, David A. TI Environmental and parental control of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) recruitment SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE condition factor; environment; fecundity; prediction; spawning ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; PELAGIC FISHES; REGIME SHIFTS; WEST-COAST; STOCK; PILCHARDUS; OCEAN AB We confirm that sardine recruitment in the California Current, during the last three decades, mimics aspects of the environment in the North Pacific indicated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The periods of stock increase and decrease followed consecutive years with positive and negative PDO values, respectively. During the "warm" periods, the average number of recruits per biomass was more than threefold higher than that during the "cold" periods. In addition to the environmental conditions experienced by the sardine larvae, we show that the variability in sardine recruitment is partially explained by the environmental conditions many months before the spawning season and the adult condition factor. We hypothesize that sardine have a metabolic deficit during spawning, so prior good feeding opportunities are necessary to increase both total fecundity and offspring robustness, to enhance both reproduction and survival, respectively. Our findings augment a century-old theory that the reproductive success of small pelagic fish is governed by the survival of the early life stages. The condition of each parent also matters. To predict sardine recruitment, we propose a "dual-phase" model based on seasonal PDO-based indices and a condition factor. The model identifies summer feeding seasons conducive to a good adult condition factor followed by spring-spawning seasons supportive of good larval retention and growth. C1 [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, SWFSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Demer, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zwolinski, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, SWFSC, Earth & Marine Sci Bldg,Rm A317, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM juan.zwolinski@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2198 EP 2207 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst173 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100020 ER PT J AU Punt, AE A'mar, T Bond, NA Butterworth, DS de Moor, CL Oliveira, JAA Haltuch, MA Hollowed, AB Szuwalski, C AF Punt, Andre E. A'mar, Teresa Bond, Nicholas A. Butterworth, Douglas S. de Moor, Carryn L. De Oliveira, Jose A. A. Haltuch, Melissa A. Hollowed, Anne B. Szuwalski, Cody TI Fisheries management under climate and environmental uncertainty: control rules and performance simulation SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; global climate models; harvest control rules; management strategy evaluation; recruitment ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS RECRUITMENT; REGIME SHIFTS; NORTH-SEA; STRATEGY EVALUATION; HARVEST STRATEGIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STOCK-RECRUIT; WEST-COAST AB The ability of management strategies to achieve the fishery management goals are impacted by environmental variation and, therefore, also by global climate change. Management strategies can be modified to use environmental data using the "dynamic B-0" concept, and changing the set of years used to define biomass reference points. Two approaches have been developed to apply management strategy evaluation to evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the performance of management strategies. The "mechanistic approach" estimates the relationship between the environment and elements of the population dynamics of the fished species and makes predictions for population trends using the outputs from global climate models. In contrast, the "empirical approach" examines possible broad scenarios without explicitly identifying mechanisms. Many reviewed studies have found that modifying management strategies to include environmental factors does not improve the ability to achieve management goals much, if at all, and only if the manner in which these factors drive the system is well known. As such, until the skill of stock projection models improves, it seems more appropriate to consider the implications of plausible broad forecasts related to how biological parameters may change in the future as a way to assess the robustness of management strategies, rather than attempting specific predictions per se. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Szuwalski, Cody] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [A'mar, Teresa; Hollowed, Anne B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Butterworth, Douglas S.; de Moor, Carryn L.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, Marine Resource Assessment & Management Grp MARAM, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [De Oliveira, Jose A. A.] CEFAS Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Haltuch, Melissa A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu FU NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [102] FX Tony Smith and Eva Plaganyi (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research), Andy Payne (CEFAS), Owen Hamel (NWFSC, NOAA), and three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments draft of this paper. AEP acknowledges support from NOAA Grant NA10OAR4320148. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication #102, NPRB publication #425, PMEL contribution #4006, and JISAO contribution #2119. NR 97 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2208 EP 2220 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst057 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100021 ER PT J AU Gaichas, SK Link, JS Hare, JA AF Gaichas, S. K. Link, J. S. Hare, J. A. TI A risk-based approach to evaluating northeast US fish community vulnerability to climate change SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE benthic invertebrates; climate vulnerability; commercial fisheries; demersal fish; ecological risk assessment; non-target species; northeast US; pelagic fish ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; CHANGE IMPACTS; UNITED-STATES; EAST-COAST; OCEAN; RECRUITMENT; MODELS AB Risk assessment methods are used worldwide to evaluate threats posed by fisheries and other impacts on living marine resources, and to prioritize management of these threats. We derive a simplified risk analysis for aggregate fish communities as a preliminary tool to identify priorities for further detailed assessment. Because some of the largest observed rates of sea surface temperature increase are on the northeast US continental shelf, we focused on climate change-driven risks to marine communities in this region. We evaluated climate vulnerability for six communities across two ecosystems: both commercial and non-commercial demersal fish, pelagic fish, and benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and Mid-Atlantic bight (MAB). We first evaluated the probability that anticipated climate changes (e. g. warming water, decreased salinity, increased acidity, altered boundary currents) would occur in these regions, and rated the potential severity of change over the next 10 years. Then, we evaluated the sensitivity of each biological community in each region using 12 attributes (e. g. habitat and prey specificity, temperature and acidity sensitivity, larval dispersal, adult mobility, population productivity, etc.). Exposure to the key climate risks was related to community sensitivity in each region for an overall assessment of climate vulnerability. Climate risks from increased surface water temperature, sea level rise, and earlier spring were rated moderate to high in both regions, with additional moderate to high risks in the GOM from increased bottom temperature, stratification, and river inputs. Benthic invertebrates were rated most sensitive, with demersals intermediate and pelagics lowest. Two MAB communities were rated more sensitive than corresponding GOM communities, but greater short-term climate risks in the GOM indicated increased exposure for GOM communities. Overall, this simple analysis may help prioritize short-term regional climate risk management action, thus addressing key conditions related to fishery fluctuations beyond fishing itself. C1 [Gaichas, S. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Link, J. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sarah.gaichas@noaa.gov NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 53 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2323 EP 2342 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu048 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100031 ER PT J AU Hare, JA AF Hare, Jonathan A. TI The future of fisheries oceanography lies in the pursuit of multiple hypotheses SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fisheries oceanography; fishery abundance; fishery distribution; Johan Hjort; multiple-hypotheses; population dynamics; recruitment; stock assessment; year-class success ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; MACKEREL SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS; LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS; EASTERN SCOTIAN SHELF; TOTAL EGG-PRODUCTION; CORAL-REEF FISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Fisheries oceanography is largely an applied discipline with a major goal of improving fisheries management and marine conservation. Johan Hjort's critical period hypothesis, and its decedents, remain a dominant theme and focuses on year-class success as mediated by prey availability and feeding. Bottom-up forcing, a related hypothesis, focuses on the sequential transfer of energy through the pelagic foodweb from primary productivity to fishery productivity. Another approach assumes that trophic interactions of adults determine abundance. Fisheries assessment and management, however, is based on the hypothesis that fishery abundance is determined by time-varying fishing and year-class success related to spawning-stock biomass. These approaches, their basic hypotheses, and underlying processes and mechanisms suggest very different dynamics for fishery populations. Other hypotheses challenge these traditional views: predation of early life stages, parental condition, shifting migration pathways, and physiological limits. Support for these other hypotheses is reviewed and the research needs are described to apply these hypotheses to fisheries assessment and management. Some of these hypotheses were identified by Hjort (e. g. parental condition hypothesis) and others are relative new (e. g. early life stage predation hypothesis). Moving into the future, we should focus on Hjort's approach: multi-hypothesis, integrative, and interdisciplinary. A range of hypotheses should be pursued with an emphasis on comparing and linking multiple hypotheses. The results then must be incorporated into fishery assessments and management decisions to support the long-term sustainability of exploited species and the conservation of threatened and endangered species. C1 NOAA, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov NR 175 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 13 U2 57 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2343 EP 2356 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu018 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1CB UT WOS:000343317100032 ER PT J AU Hassan, AM Garboczi, EJ AF Hassan, Ahmed M. Garboczi, Edward J. TI Electromagnetic Scattering From Randomly-Centered Parallel Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in a Dielectric Slab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); electromagnetic interaction; microwave propagation; nanocomposites; terahertz (THz) ID COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; POLYANILINE; ANTENNAS AB An analytical full wave model of parallel, randomly centered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in a dielectric slab was developed to calculate the electromagnetic scattering from CNT composites. The model simulates empty and metal-filled single walled CNTs as infinitesimally thin wires, parallel and infinitely long in the z direction, but randomly located in the x-y plane. The wires have the equivalent impedance of CNTs and are embedded in a dielectric slab with finite thickness in the x direction but infinite in the y and z directions. The electromagnetic radiation propagates in the x direction, and the entire model is periodic in the y direction. The main goal of this work is to investigate how the variations in the random locations and impedances of the CNTs can lead to variations in the electromagnetic scattering from the composite. Composites with metal-filled CNTs exhibit more variations in the electromagnetic scattering than unfilled CNTs. The model also showed that increasing the density of CNTs, decreasing the losses of the dielectric matrix, and the random incorporation of nonidentical CNTs increases the variations in the electromagnetic scattering. The model is finally used to demonstrate how simple fabrication tolerances can affect the variations in electromagnetic scattering. C1 [Hassan, Ahmed M.; Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amh@nist.gov; edward.garboczi@nist.gov OI Hassan, Ahmed/0000-0001-8842-1798 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology project, "Carbon Nanocomposite Manufacturing: Processing, Properties, Performance" FX This work was supported in part under the National Institute of Standards and Technology project, "Carbon Nanocomposite Manufacturing: Processing, Properties, Performance." NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 62 IS 10 BP 5230 EP 5241 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2343240 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AR5ER UT WOS:000343608600032 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Huang, XY Sun, JZ Xu, DM Zhang, M Fan, SY Zhong, JQ AF Wang, Hongli Huang, Xiang-Yu Sun, Juanzhen Xu, Dongmei Zhang, Man Fan, Shuiyong Zhong, Jiqin TI Inhomogeneous Background Error Modeling for WRF-Var Using the NMC Method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; COVARIANCE STATISTICS; CONVECTIVE EVENTS; SYSTEM; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS AB Background error modeling plays a key role in a variational data assimilation system. The National Meteorological Center (NMC) method has been widely used in variational data assimilation systems to generate a forecast error ensemble from which the climatological background error covariance can be modeled. In this paper, the characteristics of the background error modeling via the NMC method are investigated for the variational data assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Var) Model. The background error statistics are extracted from short-term 3-km-resolution forecasts in June, July, and August 2012 over a limited-area domain. It is found 1) that background error variances vary from month to month and also have a feature of diurnal variations in the low-level atmosphere and 2) that u- and v-wind variances are underestimated and their autocorrelation length scales are overestimated when the default control variable option in WRF-Var is used. A new approach of control variable transform (CVT) is proposed to model the background error statistics based on the NMC method. The new approach is capable of extracting inhomogeneous and anisotropic climatological information from the forecast error ensemble obtained via the NMC method. Single observation assimilation experiments show that the proposed method not only has the merit of incorporating geographically dependent covariance information, but also is able to produce a multivariate analysis. The results from the data assimilaton and forecast study of a real convective case show that the use of the new CVT improves synoptic weather system and precipitation forecasts for up to 12h. C1 [Wang, Hongli; Huang, Xiang-Yu; Sun, Juanzhen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xu, Dongmei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Man] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fan, Shuiyong; Zhong, Jiqin] Beijing Meteorol Bur, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hongli.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hongli/C-4579-2012; Zhang, Man/E-7021-2015 OI Wang, Hongli/0000-0003-0855-6743; FU UCAR [41205082]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41205082]; IUM/BMB [41205082] FX This work was supported by a project between UCAR and IUM/BMB and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41205082). We thank Dr. Nils Gustafsson and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank Dr. Yuanfu Xie for stimulated discussion on the choice of control variables for wind analysis. The authors also thank J. C. Osborn at NOAA for providing editorial support for this manuscript. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2287 EP 2309 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0281.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR3ZS UT WOS:000343528400005 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Intercomparisons of CloudSat and Ground-Based Radar Retrievals of Rain Rate over Land SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Experimental retrievals of rain rates using the Cloud Sat spaceborne 94-GHz radar reflectivity gradient method over land were evaluated by comparing them with standard estimates from ground-based operational S-band radar measurements, which are widely used for quantitative precipitation estimations. The comparisons were performed for predominantly stratiform precipitation events that occurred in the vicinity of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) KGWX and KSHV radars during the Cloud Sat overpasses in the vicinity of these ground radar sites. The standard reflectivity-based WSR-88D rain-rate retrievals used in operational practice were utilized as a reference for the Cloud Sat retrieval evaluation. Spaceborne and ground-based radar rain-rate estimates that were closely collocated in space and time were generally well correlated. The correlation coefficients were approximately 0.65 on average, and the mean relative biases were usually within +/- 35% for the whole dataset and for individual events with typical rain rates exceeding similar to 2 mm h(-1). For events with lighter rainfall, higher biases and lower correlations were often present. The normalized mean absolute differences between satellite- and ground-based radar retrievals were on average similar to 60%, with an increasing trend for lighter rainfall. Such mean differences are comparable to combined retrieval errors from both ground-based and satellite radar remote sensing approaches. Evaluation of potential effects of partial beam blockage on the ground-based radar measurements was performed, and the influence of the choice of relation between WSR-88D reflectivity and rain rate that was utilized in the ground-based rain-rate retrievals was assessed. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX13AQ31G]; NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed Project FX This study was funded in part by NASA Project NNX13AQ31G and the NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed Project. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2360 EP 2370 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0055.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR3ZS UT WOS:000343528400009 ER PT J AU Tang, L Zhang, J Langston, C Krause, J Howard, K Lakshmanan, V AF Tang, Lin Zhang, Jian Langston, Carrie Krause, John Howard, Kenneth Lakshmanan, Valliappa TI A Physically Based Precipitation-Nonprecipitation Radar Echo Classifier Using Polarimetric and Environmental Data in a Real-Time National System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU VERIFICATION; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; MELTING LAYER; REFLECTIVITY DATA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; POLARIZATION; ALGORITHM; QUALITY AB Polarimetric radar observations provide information regarding the shape and size of scatterers in the atmosphere, which help users to differentiate between precipitation and nonprecipitation radar echoes. Identifying and removing nonprecipitation echoes in radar reflectivity fields is one critical step in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation. An automated algorithm based on reflectivity, correlation coefficient, and temperature data is developed to perform reflectivity data quality control through a set of physically based rules. The algorithm was tested with a large number of real data cases across different geographical regions and seasons and showed a high accuracy (Heidke skill score of 0.83) in segregating precipitation and nonprecipitation echoes. The algorithm was compared with two other operational and experimental reflectivity quality control methodologies and showed a more effective removal of nonprecipitation echoes and a higher computational efficiency. The current methodology also demonstrated a satisfactory performance in a real-time national multiradar and multisensor system. C1 [Tang, Lin; Langston, Carrie; Krause, John; Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Tang, Lin; Zhang, Jian; Langston, Carrie; Krause, John; Howard, Kenneth; Lakshmanan, Valliappa] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Tang, L (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lin.tang@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Co-operative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for this research was partially provided under the agreement between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program, and partially provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Co-operative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank Dr. Alexander Ryzhkov and Dr. Yadong Wang for their comments. We would also like to express our appreciation to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1106 EP 1119 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00072.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400002 ER PT J AU Hitchens, NM Brooks, HE AF Hitchens, Nathan M. Brooks, Harold E. TI Evaluation of the Storm Prediction Center's Convective Outlooks from Day 3 through Day 1 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FORECAST AB The Storm Prediction Center issues four categorical convective outlooks with lead times as long as 48 h, the so-called day 3 outlook issued at 1200 UTC, and as short as 6 h, the day 1 outlook issued at 0600 UTC. Additionally, there are four outlooks issued during the 24-h target period (which begins at 1200 UTC on day 1) that serve as updates to the last outlook issued prior to the target period. These outlooks, issued daily, are evaluated over a relatively long period of record, 1999-2011, using standard verification measures to assess accuracy; practically perfect forecasts are used to assess skill. Results show a continual increase in the skill of all outlooks during the study period, and increases in the frequency at which these outlooks are skillful on an annual basis. C1 [Hitchens, Nathan M.] Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Hitchens, Nathan M.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Hitchens, NM (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Geog, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM nmhitchens@bsu.edu FU National Severe Storms Laboratory FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The authors thank the Storm Prediction Center's Andy Dean for providing the convective outlook dataset. The constructive comments and suggestions made by the three anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1134 EP 1142 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00132.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400004 ER PT J AU Lim, KSS Hong, SY Yoon, JH Han, J AF Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny Hong, Song-You Yoon, Jin-Ho Han, Jongil TI Simulation of the Summer Monsoon Rainfall over East Asia Using the NCEP GFS Cumulus Parameterization at Different Horizontal Resolutions SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; REGIONAL CLIMATE; WRF MODEL; HEAVY RAINFALL; SENSITIVITY; PRECIPITATION; SCHEMES; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION AB The most recent version of the simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) cumulus scheme in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) (GFS SAS) is implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with a modification of the triggering condition and the convective mass flux in order to make it dependent on the model's horizontal grid spacing. The East Asian summer monsoon season of 2006 is selected in order to evaluate the performance of the modified GFS SAS scheme. In comparison to the original GFS SAS scheme, the modified GFS SAS scheme shows overall better agreement with the observations in terms of the simulated monsoon rainfall. The simulated precipitation from the original GFS SAS scheme is insensitive to the model's horizontal grid spacing, which is counterintuitive because the portion of the resolved clouds in a grid box should increase as the model grid spacing decreases. This behavior of the original GFS SAS scheme is alleviated by the modified GFS SAS scheme. In addition, three different cumulus schemes (Grell and Freitas, Kain and Fritsch, and Betts-Miller-Janjic) are chosen to investigate the role of a horizontal resolution on the simulated monsoon rainfall. Although the forecast skill of the surface rainfall does not always improve as the spatial resolution increases, the improvement of the probability density function of the rain rate with the smaller grid spacing is robust regardless of the cumulus parameterization scheme. C1 [Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny; Yoon, Jin-Ho] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Han, Jongil] Syst Res Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Han, Jongil] Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, 4F,35 Boramae Ro Gil, Seoul 156849, South Korea. EM songyou.hong@kiaps.org RI Lim, Kyo-Sun/I-3811-2012; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 OI YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; FU KISTI Super Computing Center through the Strategic Support Program for Supercomputing Application Research [KSC-2012-G3-07]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral agreement with the China Ministry of Sciences and Technology on regional climate research; Earth System Modeling program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; R&D project on the development of global numerical weather prediction systems of the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS) - Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Samson Hagos for his valuable comments and to acknowledge support of computing resources from the KISTI Super Computing Center through the Strategic Support Program for Supercomputing Application Research (Grant KSC-2012-G3-07). A portion of the computation is performed using the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Institutional Computing (PIC) at PNNL. This study is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral agreement with the China Ministry of Sciences and Technology on regional climate research and the Earth System Modeling program. The PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The second author is supported by the R&D project on the development of global numerical weather prediction systems of the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS), funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Insightful comments offered by the three anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1143 EP 1154 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00143.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400005 ER PT J AU Baxter, MA Lackmann, GM Mahoney, KM Workoff, TE Hamill, TM AF Baxter, Martin A. Lackmann, Gary M. Mahoney, Kelly M. Workoff, Thomas E. Hamill, Thomas M. TI Verification of Quantitative Precipitation Reforecasts over the Southeastern United States SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FORECASTS; SKILL AB NOAA's second-generation reforecasts are approximately consistent with the operational version of the 2012 NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The reforecasts allow verification to be performed across a multidecadal time period using a static model, in contrast to verifications performed using an ever-evolving operational modeling system. This contribution examines three commonly used verification metrics for reforecasts of precipitation over the southeastern United States: equitable threat score, bias, and ranked probability skill score. Analysis of the verification metrics highlights the variation in the ability of the GEFS to predict precipitation across amount, season, forecast lead time, and location. Beyond day 5.5, there is little useful skill in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) or probabilistic QPFs. For lighter precipitation thresholds [e.g., 5 and 10 mm (24 h)(-1), use of the ensemble mean adds about 10% to the forecast skill over the deterministic control. QPFs have increased in accuracy from 1985 to 2013, likely due to improvements in observations. Results of this investigation are a first step toward using the reforecast database to distinguish weather regimes that the GEFS typically predicts well from those regimes that the GEFS typically predicts poorly. C1 [Baxter, Martin A.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Lackmann, Gary M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mahoney, Kelly M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahoney, Kelly M.; Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Workoff, Thomas E.] NOAA, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Workoff, Thomas E.] Syst Res Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Baxter, MA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 314 Brooks Hall, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM baxte1ma@cmich.edu FU NOAA's Earth Systems Research Laboratory; Central Michigan University; NOAA; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank NOAA's Earth Systems Research Laboratory for support of this project, and access to their computer systems and data. The lead author's time was supported by Central Michigan University. This work was also supported by a NOAA grant to North Carolina State University. We thank NOAA/NCEP/CPC for their creation of the Unified Precipitation Dataset, and the U.S. Department of Energy for funding the creation of the Reforecast-2 dataset. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00055.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400009 ER PT J AU Burgess, D Ortega, K Stumpf, G Garfield, G Karstens, C Meyer, T Smith, B Speheger, D Ladue, J Smith, R Marshall, T AF Burgess, Donald Ortega, Kiel Stumpf, Greg Garfield, Gabe Karstens, Chris Meyer, Tiffany Smith, Brandon Speheger, Doug Ladue, Jim Smith, Rick Marshall, Tim TI 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado: Damage Survey and Analysis SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on 20 May 2013 was an extreme event. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. Extensive ground surveys were performed. The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The survey team defined a "well built" house that qualified for an EF5 rating. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EFO ratings. Excluding EFO damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. Also discussed is the use of non-DI objects that are damaged and ways in which to improve future surveys. C1 [Burgess, Donald; Ortega, Kiel; Stumpf, Greg; Garfield, Gabe; Karstens, Chris; Meyer, Tiffany; Smith, Brandon] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stumpf, Greg; Garfield, Gabe; Meyer, Tiffany; Speheger, Doug; Ladue, Jim; Smith, Rick] Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. [Marshall, Tim] Haag Engn, Dallas, TX USA. [Burgess, Donald; Ortega, Kiel; Karstens, Chris; Smith, Brandon] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Burgess, D (reprint author), NSSL, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM donald.burgess@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR430072] FX We thank the other members of the survey team: Kristin Calhoun, Tanya Brown, Patrick Marsh, Jack Friedman, Chuck Doswell, Darrel Kingfield, Ash lie Sears, Jeremy Wesley, John Ferree, and Bruce Thoren. We especially thank Lans Rothfusz who coordinated the first few hectic days of the survey. Funding for CIMMS authors was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR430072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1229 EP 1237 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00039.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400011 ER PT J AU Novak, DR Brill, KF Hogsett, WA AF Novak, David R. Brill, Keith F. Hogsett, Wallace A. TI Using Percentiles to Communicate Snowfall Uncertainty SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TO-LIQUID RATIO; WEATHER; PRECIPITATION AB An objective technique to determine forecast snowfall ranges consistent with the risk tolerance of users is demonstrated. The forecast snowfall ranges are based on percentiles from probability distribution functions that are assumed to be perfectly calibrated. A key feature of the technique is that the snowfall range varies dynamically, with the resultant ranges varying based on the spread of ensemble forecasts at a given forecast projection, for a particular case, for a particular location. Furthermore, this technique allows users to choose their risk tolerance, quantified in terms of the expected false alarm ratio for forecasts of snowfall range. The technique is applied to the 4-7 March 2013 snowstorm at two different locations (Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C.) to illustrate its use in different locations with different forecast uncertainties. The snowfall range derived from the Weather Prediction Center Probabilistic Winter Precipitation Forecast suite is found to be statistically reliable for the day 1 forecast during the 2013/14 season, providing confidence in the practical applicability of the technique. C1 [Novak, David R.; Brill, Keith F.; Hogsett, Wallace A.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct,Rm 4633, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM david.novak@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 5 SI 1093 BP 1259 EP 1265 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00019.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1QJ UT WOS:000343359400014 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, L Lin, CYC AF Pfeiffer, Lisa Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia TI The Effects of Energy Prices on Agricultural Groundwater Extraction from the High Plains Aquifer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Energy; groundwater extraction ID WATER; INDIA AB We examine the effects of energy prices on groundwater extraction using an econometric model of a farmer's irrigation water pumping decision that accounts for both the intensive and extensive margins. Our results show that energy prices have an effect on both types of margins. Increasing energy prices would affect crop selection decisions, crop acreage allocation decisions, and farmers' demand for water. Our estimated total marginal effect, which sums the effects on the intensive and extensive margins, suggests that a $1 per million btu increase in the energy price would decrease water extraction by an individual farmer by 5.89 acre-feet per year, a decrease of 3.6 percent of the average annual extraction rate. Our estimated elasticity of water extraction with respect to energy price is -0.26. C1 [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pfeiffer, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/M-6342-2014 OI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/0000-0003-1014-2101 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1349 EP 1362 DI 10.1093/ajae/aau020 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA AQ8DO UT WOS:000343053800008 ER PT J AU Phinney, K AF Phinney, Karen TI Analysis of biological therapeutic agents and biosimilars SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, K (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 406 IS 26 BP 6539 EP 6539 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8128-6 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AQ9BJ UT WOS:000343135400008 PM 25190012 ER PT J AU Formolo, T Heckert, A Phinney, KW AF Formolo, Trina Heckert, Alan Phinney, Karen W. TI Analysis of deamidation artifacts induced by microwave-assisted tryptic digestion of a monoclonal antibody SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biopharmaceutical degradation; Monoclonal antibody; Asparagine deamidation; Tryptic digestion; Microwave assisted hydrolysis ID DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; LOW-FUCOSE IGG1; FC-GAMMA-RIIIA; PROTEIN DEAMIDATION; ASPARAGINE DEAMIDATION; RECOMBINANT ANTIBODY; IONIC-STRENGTH; RESIDUES; PEPTIDE; BINDING AB The thorough characterization of biopharmaceuticals is essential for ensuring their quality and safety since many potential variations can cause changes to the properties of a drug that may be detrimental to the patient such as decreased efficacy, shorter half-life or increased immunogenicity. Prior to approval and release, protein-based drugs are subject to a battery of analyses to assess the nature of those parameters that are considered critical quality attributes. In some cases the analytical method used may itself cause modifications that are impossible to distinguish from those induced by the intended test conditions (e.g. storage time/temperature, light exposure) which are used to assess drug stability. It is therefore important to develop and utilize analytical methods which impose as few artifactual modifications as possible. Asparagine deamidation is a common protein modification and it is known to be induced during tryptic digestion. Therefore we examined common tryptic digestion protocols and compared their propensities towards asparagine modification. Since microwave assisted hydrolysis techniques are often used to shorten digestion times and the effect on deamidation is unknown we sought to compare this method against alternate digestion protocols. C1 [Formolo, Trina; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, Alan] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Formolo, T (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM trina.formolo@nist.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 406 IS 26 BP 6587 EP 6598 DI 10.1007/s00216-014-8043-x PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AQ9BJ UT WOS:000343135400013 PM 25080027 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB Kroeger, EL Reichert, WL Deavila, DM Rust, MB AF Johnson, Ronald B. Kroeger, Eric L. Reichert, William L. Deavila, David M. Rust, Michael B. TI Abundance and origins of plasma lipids in sexually maturing female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) in culture SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE plasma lipids; lipoproteins; salmon; stable isotopes; vitellogenin; vitellogenesis ID RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; FATTY-ACIDS; VITELLOGENESIS; GAIRDNERI; MOBILIZATION; DENSITY AB Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch are semelparous spawners with highly synchronized oocyte growth. Plasma was collected from maturing female fish and plasma lipids were quantified by lipoprotein class. Stable C-13 isotopes were employed to investigate the origins of plasma lipids. Plasma lipoproteins were partitioned into the very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), high density (HDL) and very high density (VHDL) lipoprotein classes. Lipids from all lipoprotein classes increased between the lipid droplet and early vitellogenesis stages of oocyte growth and VHDL lipids continued to increase through mid vitellogenesis (P < 0.05). During vitellogenesis, total plasma lipid concentrations were similar to the sum of lipoprotein lipids (P = 0.51). Plasma vitellogenin determined by an ELISA method was very well correlated with VHDL lipid during vitellogenesis (R-2 = 0.91, n = 15). In general, the delta C-13 values of plasma lipids reflected that of feed (exogenous) and muscle (endogenous) lipids when feed and muscle delta C-13 values were similar, and were intermediate when differences existed between the two lipid sources. With one exception, the delta C-13 values of lipids from all lipoprotein classes within a plasma sample were similar. Results indicate that during sexual maturity, lipids from all plasma lipoprotein classes originate from a common pool of exogenous and endogenous lipids. C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Kroeger, Eric L.; Reichert, William L.; Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Johnson, Ronald B.] Univ Idaho, Sch Food Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Deavila, David M.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ronald.b.johnson@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1771 EP 1781 DI 10.1111/are.12122 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AQ6DR UT WOS:000342899400005 ER PT J AU Le, HND Kim, MS Hwang, J Yang, Y U-Thainual, P Kang, JU Kim, DH AF Le, Hanh N. D. Kim, Moon S. Hwang, Jeeseong Yang, Yi U-Thainual, Paweena Kang, Jin U. Kim, Do-Hyun TI An average enumeration method of hyperspectral imaging data for quantitative evaluation of medical device surface contamination SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; SPECTRAL ANGLE MAPPER; BIOFILM RESISTANCE; ALGORITHM; GROWTH; AGENTS AB We propose a quantification method called Mapped Average Principal component analysis Score (MAPS) to enumerate the contamination coverage on common medical device surfaces. The method was adapted from conventional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on non-overlapped regions of a full frame hyperspectral image to resolve the percentage of contamination from the substrate. The concept was proven by using a controlled contamination sample with artificial test soil and color simulating organic mixture, and was further validated using a bacterial system including biofilm on stainless steel surface. We also validate the results of MAPS with other statistical spectral analysis including Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). The proposed method provides an alternative quantification method for hyperspectral imaging data, which can be easily implemented by basic PCA analysis. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Le, Hanh N. D.; Yang, Yi; U-Thainual, Paweena; Kim, Do-Hyun] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Le, Hanh N. D.; Kang, Jin U.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kim, Moon S.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Le, HND (reprint author), US FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM do-hyun.kim@fda.hhs.gov FU U.S. Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Initiative FX The authors thank Victoria M. Hitchins for the help in preparing biofilm samples. This work was supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Initiative. Disclaimer: The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported here is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3613 EP 3627 DI 10.1364/BOE.5.003613 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AQ9BI UT WOS:000343135200029 PM 25360377 ER PT J AU Akins, JL Morris, JA Green, SJ AF Akins, John L. Morris, James A., Jr. Green, Stephanie J. TI In situ tagging technique for fishes provides insight into growth and movement of invasive lionfish SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Animal health; animal movement; fish behavior; invasive species; mark-recapture; Pterois volitans; red lionfish; site fidelity; tagging method ID PACIFIC LIONFISH; BAROTRAUMA; NEARSHORE; ROCKFISH; BEHAVIOR; BASS; SPP. AB Information on fish movement and growth is primarily obtained through the marking and tracking of individuals with external tags, which are usually affixed to anesthetized individuals at the surface. However, the quantity and quality of data obtained by this method is often limited by small sample sizes owing to the time associated with the tagging process, high rates of tagging-related mortality, and displacement of tagged individuals from the initial capture location. To address these issues, we describe a technique for applying external streamer and dart tags in situ, which uses SCUBA divers to capture and tag individual fish on the sea floor without the use of anesthetic. We demonstrate this method for Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/P. miles), species which are particularly vulnerable to barotrauma when transported to and handled at the surface. To test our method, we tagged 161 individuals inhabiting 26 coral reef locations in the Bahamas over a period of 3 years. Our method resulted in no instances of barotrauma, reduced handling and recovery time, and minimal post-tagging release displacement compared with conventional ex situ tag application. Opportunistic resighting and recapture of tagged individuals reveals that lionfish exhibit highly variable site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth rates on invaded coral reef habitats. In total, 24% of lionfish were resighted between 29 and 188 days after tagging. Of these, 90% were located at the site of capture, while the remaining individuals were resighted between 200 m and 1.1 km from initial site of capture over 29 days later. In situ growth rates ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 mm/day. While individuals tagged with streamer tags posted slower growth rates with increasing size, as expected, there was no relationship between growth rate and fish size for individuals marked with dart tags, potentially because of large effects of tag presence on the activities of small bodied lionfish (i.e., < 150 mm), where the tag was up to 7.6% of the lionfish's mass. Our study offers a novel in situ tagging technique that can be used to provide critical information on fish site fidelity, movement patterns, and growth in cases where ex situ tagging is not feasible. C1 [Akins, John L.] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Green, Stephanie J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Akins, JL (reprint author), POB 370246,98300 Overseas Hwy, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. EM lad@reef.org FU Reef Environmental Education Foundation; National Aquarium; NOAA, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NSERC Canada Graduate Fellowship; Simon Fraser University President's Research Stipend FX Support for this work was provided by the Reef Environmental Education Foundation, the National Aquarium, and the NOAA, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Andy Dehart provided invaluable field support and animal care and handling expertize as well as a steady hand during tagging. We are also grateful for field and logistical support provided by David and Trish Ferguson, the Cape Eleuthera Institute, Bruce Purdy, Stuart Cove, and REEF volunteers. Support to SJG was provided by an NSERC Canada Graduate Fellowship and Simon Fraser University President's Research Stipend. The collection and handling of all lionfish specimens for this study was approved by the Simon Fraser University Animal Care Committee and met Canadian Council on Animal Care animal usage guidelines and policies (permit 947B-09). Permits were provided by the Bahamas Department of Marine Resources (MAF.FIS.12.17) to JAM. Mention of brand names or manufacturers does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Federal Government. The United States government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license on and to any copyright covering this paper. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 4 IS 19 BP 3768 EP 3777 DI 10.1002/ece3.1171 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ9KM UT WOS:000343171400005 PM 25614791 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Key, PB Chung, KW Sapozhnikova, Y Fulton, MH AF DeLorenzo, Marie E. Key, Peter B. Chung, Katy W. Sapozhnikova, Yelena Fulton, Michael H. TI Comparative Toxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticides to Two Estuarine Crustacean Species, Americamysis bahia and Palaemonetes pugio SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estuarine; crustacean; toxicity; pyrethroid insecticide; mysid; grass shrimp ID 3 LIFE STAGES; GRASS SHRIMP; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LETHAL; CHLOROTHALONIL; CHLORPYRIFOS; PERMETHRIN; ADULT AB Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used on agricultural crops, as well as for nurseries, golf courses, urban structural and landscaping sites, residential home and garden pest control, and mosquito abatement. Evaluation of sensitive marine and estuarine species is essential for the development of toxicity testing and risk-assessment protocols. Two estuarine crustacean species, Americamysis bahia (mysids) and Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp), were tested with the commonly used pyrethroid compounds, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and phenothrin. Sensitivities of adult and larval grass shrimp and 7-day-old mysids were compared using standard 96-h LC50 bioassay protocols. Adult and larval grass shrimp were more sensitive than the mysids to all the pyrethroids tested. Larval grass shrimp were approximately 18-fold more sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin than the mysids. Larval grass shrimp were similar in sensitivity to adult grass shrimp for cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and phenothrin, but larvae were approximately twice as sensitive to lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin as adult shrimp. Acute toxicity to estuarine crustaceans occurred at low nanogram per liter concentrations of some pyrethroids, illustrating the need for careful regulation of the use of pyrethroid compounds in the coastal zone. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.; Key, Peter B.; Chung, Katy W.; Fulton, Michael H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] NOAA, JHT Inc, Charleston, SC USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1002/tox.21840 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA AQ6MY UT WOS:000342928600001 PM 23364944 ER PT J AU Wang, CMJ Remley, KA Kirk, AT Pirkl, RJ Holloway, CL Williams, DF Hale, PD AF Wang, C. M. Jack Remley, Kate A. Kirk, Ansgar T. Pirkl, Ryan J. Holloway, Christopher L. Williams, Dylan F. Hale, Paul D. TI Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Evaluation in a Low Rician K-Factor Reverberation-Chamber Environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Fiducial distribution; K-factor; parameter estimation; reverberation chamber; wireless system measurement ID WIRELESS DEVICES AB In this paper, we study statistical methods for estimating the Rician K-factor when this parameter is small. A fiducial approach for making statistical inference on the K-factor is discussed. The approach requires a Monte Carlo method to compute the uncertainty of a K-factor estimate. Simulation and measurement studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed procedure and compare it with some of the existing procedures. A procedure for assessing the adequacy of the estimation of the K-factor via quantile plots is presented. C1 [Wang, C. M. Jack] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Kirk, Ansgar T.; Pirkl, Ryan J.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hale, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, CMJ (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov; remley@boulder.nist.gov; kirk@geml.uni-hannover.de; rpirkl@gmail.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2014.2313461 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AQ8FW UT WOS:000343060700001 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Warde, DA AF Torres, Sebastian M. Warde, David A. TI Ground Clutter Mitigation for Weather Radars Using the Autocorrelation Spectral Density SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; WINDOWS AB Radar returns from the ground, known as ground clutter, can contaminate weather signals, often resulting in severely biased meteorological estimates. If not removed, these contaminants may artificially inflate quantitative precipitation estimates and obscure polarimetric and Doppler signatures of weather. A ground-clutter filter is typically employed to mitigate this contamination and provide less biased meteorological-variable estimates. This paper introduces a novel adaptive filter based on the autocorrelation spectral density, which is capable of mitigating the adverse effects of ground clutter without unnecessarily degrading the quality of the meteorological data. The so-called Clutter Environment Analysis using Adaptive Processing (CLEAN-AP) filter adjusts its suppression characteristics in real time to match dynamic atmospheric environments and meets Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) clutter-suppression requirements. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Christopher Curtis, Igor Ivic, and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2049 EP 2066 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00117.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8JJ UT WOS:000343071500003 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Weng, FZ Yang, H AF Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong Yang, H. TI Connecting the Time Series of Microwave Sounding Observations from AMSU to ATMS for Long-Term Monitoring of Climate SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; RADIOMETER DATA; IMAGER SSM/I; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; UNIT AB The measurements from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board NOAA polar-orbiting satellites have been extensively utilized for detecting atmospheric temperature trend during the last several decades. After the launch of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite on 28 October 2011, MSU and AMSU-A time series will be overlapping with the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) measurements. While ATMS inherited the central frequency and bandpass from most of AMSU-A sounding channels, its spatial resolution and noise features are, however, distinctly different from those of AMSU. In this study, the Backus-Gilbert method is used to optimally resample the ATMS data to AMSU-A fields of view (FOVs). The differences between the original and resampled ATMS data are demonstrated. By using the simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) method, ATMS-resampled observations are collocated in space and time with AMSU-A data. The intersensor biases are then derived for each pair of ATMS AMSU-A channels. It is shown that the brightness temperatures from ATMS now fall well within the AMSU data family after resampling and SNO cross calibration. Thus, the MSU AMSU time series can be extended into future decades for more climate applications. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Yang, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Mail Code 4520,POB 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project [2010CB951600]; Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground FX This work in jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2206 EP 2222 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00232.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8JJ UT WOS:000343071500014 ER PT J AU Park, J Heitsenrether, R Sweet, W AF Park, Joseph Heitsenrether, Robert Sweet, William TI Water Level and Wave Height Estimates at NOAA Tide Stations from Acoustic and Microwave Sensors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is transitioning the primary water level sensor at the majority of tide stations in the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) from an acoustic ranging system to a microwave radar system. Field comparison of the acoustic and microwave systems finds statistically equivalent performance when temperature gradients between the acoustic sensor and water surface are small and when significant wave height is less than roughly 0.5 m. When significant wave height is greater than approximately 0.5-1 m, the acoustic system consistently reports lower water levels. An analysis of 2 months of acoustic and microwave water level data at Duck, North Carolina, finds that the majority of differences between the two sensors can be attributed to systemic errors in the acoustic system and that the microwave system captures water level variability with higher fidelity than the acoustic system. NWLON real-time data products include the water level standard deviation, a statistic that can serve as a proxy for significant wave height. This study identifies 29 coastal water level stations that are candidates for monitoring wave height based on water level standard deviation, potentially adding a significant source of data for the sparsely sampled coastal wave fields around the United States, and finds that the microwave sensor is better suited than the acoustic system for wave height estimates. C1 [Park, Joseph; Heitsenrether, Robert; Sweet, William] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CO OPS, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM joseph.park@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2294 EP 2308 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00021.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8JJ UT WOS:000343071500019 ER PT J AU Yang, S Schultz, AJ Kofke, DA Harvey, AH AF Yang, Shu Schultz, Andrew J. Kofke, David A. Harvey, Allan H. TI Interpreting Gas-Saturation Vapor-Pressure Measurements Using Virial Coefficients Derived from Molecular Models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HEAVY NORMAL-PARAFFINS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BINARY-MIXTURES; NORMAL-ALKANES AB We calculate virial coefficients of gas mixtures to demonstrate their use for interpreting gas-saturation measurements of the vapor pressure of low-volatility compounds. We obtain coefficients from molecular models, via calculation of mayer integrals that rigorously connect the models and the coefficients. We examine He, CO2, N-2, and SF6 as carrier gases, and n-C14H30 and n-C20H42 as prototype low-volatility compounds, considering both united-atom (UA) and explicit-hydrogen (EH) alkane models for them. Both the pure virial coefficients of every species and the cross-coefficients of each gas with n-c(20)h(42) are calculated up to third order; cross-coefficients of SF6 with n-C14H30 and all EH-based coefficients are given only to second order. Using these coefficients, we calculate corrections to the vapor pressure of n-C20H42 at 323.15 K for all four carrier gases. With the corrections, the derived vapor pressures in He, CO2,N-2 carrier gases are in excellent agreement, resolving most of the variation observed in apparent vapor pressures when gas-phase nonideality is neglected. Results are less satisfactory for SF6 as the carrier gas. We also calculate corrections to vapor-pressure data for n-C14H30 at (283.15, 293.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K in an SF6 carrier gas. C1 [Yang, Shu; Schultz, Andrew J.; Kofke, David A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kofke, DA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM kofke@buffalo.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1027963] FX This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CHE-1027963). NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD OCT PY 2014 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3183 EP 3192 DI 10.1021/je500245f PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AQ7RN UT WOS:000343017000030 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD Malyshev, SL Shevliakova, E Dunne, KA Findell, KL Gleeson, T Liang, Z Phillipps, P Stouffer, RJ Swenson, S AF Milly, P. C. D. Malyshev, Sergey L. Shevliakova, Elena Dunne, Krista A. Findell, Kirsten L. Gleeson, Tom Liang, Zhi Phillipps, Peter Stouffer, Ronald J. Swenson, Sean TI An Enhanced Model of Land Water and Energy for Global Hydrologic and Earth-System Studies SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PART I; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY; SURFACE HYDROLOGY; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE; FORMULATION; MOISTURE; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY AB LM3 is a new model of terrestrial water, energy, and carbon, intended for use in global hydrologic analyses and as a component of earth-system and physical-climate models. It is designed to improve upon the performance and to extend the scope of the predecessor Land Dynamics (LaD) and LM3V models by better quantifying the physical controls of climate and biogeochemistry and by relating more directly to components of the global water system that touch human concerns. LM3 includes multilayer representations of temperature, liquid water content, and ice content of both snowpack and macroporous soil bedrock; topography-based description of saturated area and groundwater discharge; and transport of runoff to the ocean via a global river and lake network. Sensible heat transport by water mass is accounted throughout for a complete energy balance. Carbon and vegetation dynamics and biophysics are represented as in LM3V. In numerical experiments, LM3 avoids some of the limitations of the LaD model and provides qualitatively (though not always quantitatively) reasonable estimates, from a global perspective, of observed spatial and/or temporal variations of vegetation density, albedo, streamflow, water-table depth, permafrost, and lake levels. Amplitude and phase of annual cycle of total water storage are simulated well. Realism of modeled lake levels varies widely. The water table tends to be consistently too shallow in humid regions. Biophysical properties have an artificial stepwise spatial structure, and equilibrium vegetation is sensitive to initial conditions. Explicit resolution of thick (>100 m) unsaturated zones and permafrost is possible, but only at the cost of long (>> 300 yr) model spinup times. C1 [Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, Krista A.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.; Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena; Dunne, Krista A.; Findell, Kirsten L.; Liang, Zhi; Phillipps, Peter; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gleeson, Tom] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Liang, Zhi] Dynam Res Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. [Swenson, Sean] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cmilly@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30373]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [1430081] FX We acknowledge helpful advice from R. E. Dickinson, D. P. Lettenmaier, S. W. Hostetler, and two anonymous reviewers. Jia Wang provided data on Great Lakes ice cover. Support was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant 2011-67003-30373; by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Award NA08OAR4320752; and by NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Subcontract 1430081. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1761 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0162.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ7AG UT WOS:000342964400002 ER PT J AU Lawrimore, J Karl, TR Squires, M Robinson, DA Kunkel, KE AF Lawrimore, Jay Karl, Thomas R. Squires, Mike Robinson, David A. Kunkel, Kenneth E. TI Trends and Variability in Severe Snowstorms East of the Rocky Mountains SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SST; SEA-ICE ANOMALIES; UNITED-STATES; WINTER CIRCULATION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; POLEWARD SHIFT; STORM TRACKS; EL-NINO; SNOWFALL; CLIMATE AB The 100 most severe snowstorms within each of six climate regions east of the Rocky Mountains were analyzed to understand how the frequency of severe snowstorms is associated with seasonal averages of other variables that may be more readily predicted and projected. In particular, temperature, precipitation, and El Nino/La Nina anomalies from 1901 to 2013 were studied. In the southern United States, anomalously cold seasonal temperatures were found to be more closely linked to severe snowstorm development than in the northern United States. The conditional probability of occurrence of one or more severe snowstorms in seasons that are colder than average is 80% or greater in regions. of the southern United States, which was found to be statistically significant, while it is as low as 35% when seasonal temperatures are warmer than average. This compares with unconditional probabilities of 55%-60%. For seasons that are wetter (drier) than average, severe snowstorm frequency is significantly greater (less) in the Northern Plains region. An analysis of the seasonal timing of severe snowstorm occurrence found they are not occurring as late in the season in recent decades in the warmest climate regions when compared to the previous 75 years. Since 1977, the median date of occurrence in the last half of the cold season is six or more days earlier in the Southeast, South, and Ohio Valley regions than earlier in the twentieth century. ENSO conditions also were found to have a strong influence on the occurrence of the top 100 snowstorms in the Northeast and Southeast regions. C1 [Lawrimore, Jay; Karl, Thomas R.; Squires, Mike] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Lawrimore, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM jay.lawrimore@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1762 EP 1777 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-068.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ7AG UT WOS:000342964400003 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Qi, YC Langston, C Kaney, B Howard, K AF Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun Langston, Carrie Kaney, Brian Howard, Kenneth TI A Real-Time Algorithm for Merging Radar QPEs with Rain Gauge Observations and Orographic Precipitation Climatology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER RADAR; SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; MOUNTAINOUS AREA; HYDROLOGY; WSR-88D; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCT; TERRAIN AB High-resolution, accurate quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is critical for monitoring and prediction of flash floods and is one of the most important drivers for hydrological forecasts. Rain gauges provide a direct measure of precipitation at a point, which is generally more accurate than remotely sensed observations from radar and satellite. However, high-quality, accurate precipitation gauges are expensive to maintain, and their distributions are too sparse to capture gradients of convective precipitation that may produce flash floods. Weather radars provide precipitation observations with significantly higher resolutions than rain gauge networks, although the radar reflectivity is an indirect measure of precipitation and radar-derived QPEs are subject to errors in reflectivity rain rate (Z-R) relationships. Further, radar observations are prone to blockages in complex terrain, which often result in a poor sampling of orographically enhanced precipitation. The current study aims at a synergistic approach to QPE by combining radar, rain gauge, and an orographic precipitation climatology. In the merged QPE, radar data depict high-resolution spatial distributions of the precipitation and rain gauges provide accurate precipitation measurements that correct potential biases in the radar QPE. The climatology provides a high-resolution background of the spatial precipitation distribution in the complex terrain where radar coverage is limited or nonexistent. The merging algorithm was tested on heavy precipitation events in different areas of the United States and provided a superior QPE to the individual components. The new QPE algorithm is fully automated and can be easily implemented in an operational system. C1 [Zhang, Jian; Qi, Youcun; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Qi, Youcun; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov FU NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) FX Major funding for this research was provided under the agreement between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the agreement between NOAA and the Salt River Project. Partial funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1794 EP 1809 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0163.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ7AG UT WOS:000342964400005 ER PT J AU Hughes, M Mahoney, KM Neiman, PJ Moore, BJ Alexander, M Ralph, FM AF Hughes, Mimi Mahoney, Kelly M. Neiman, Paul J. Moore, Benjamin J. Alexander, Michael Ralph, F. Martin TI The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part II: Sensitivity of Modeled Precipitation to Terrain Height and Atmospheric River Orientation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; COOL-SEASON; NORTH-AMERICA; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; MOUNTAINS; RAINFALL; IMPACTS AB This manuscript documents numerical modeling experiments based on a January 2010 atmospheric river (AR) event that caused extreme precipitation in Arizona. The control experiment (CNTL), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with 3-km grid spacing, agrees well with observations. Sensitivity experiments in which 1) model grid spacing decreases sequentially from 81 to 3 km and 2) upstream terrain is elevated are used to assess the sensitivity of interior precipitation amounts and horizontal water vapor fluxes to model grid resolution and height of Baja California terrain. The drying ratio, a measure of airmass drying after passage across terrain, increases with Baja's terrain height and decreases with coarsened grid spacing. Subsequently, precipitation across Arizona decreases as the Baja terrain height increases, although it changes little with coarsened grid spacing. Northern Baja's drying ratio is much larger than that of southern Baja. Thus, ARs with a southerly orientation, with water vapor transports that can pass south of the higher mountains of northern Baja and then cross the Gulf of California, can produce large precipitation amounts in Arizona. Further experiments are performed using a linear model (LM) of orographic precipitation for a central-Arizona-focused subdomain. The actual incidence angle of the AR (211 degrees) is close to the optimum angle for large region-mean precipitation. Changes in region-mean precipitation amounts are small (similar to 6%) owing to AR angle changes; however, much larger changes in basin-mean precipitation of up to 33% occur within the range of physically plausible AR angles tested. Larger LM precipitation sensitivity is seen with the Baja-terrain-modification experiments than with AR-angle modification. C1 [Hughes, Mimi; Mahoney, Kelly M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Mahoney, Kelly M.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; Alexander, Michael; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Hughes, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mimi.hughes@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation FX This research is supported by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Thanks to Chengmin Hsu for the mapping of the Salt and Verde River basins. We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1954 EP 1974 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0176.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ7AG UT WOS:000342964400014 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Glebov, BL Migdall, AL Gerrits, T Calkins, B Lita, AE Nam, SW AF Levine, Zachary H. Glebov, Boris L. Migdall, Alan L. Gerrits, Thomas Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana E. Nam, Sae Woo TI Photon-number uncertainty in a superconducting transition edge sensor beyond resolved-photon-number determination SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTONS; TI/AU TES; QUANTUM; INTERFEROMETER; EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR; ENERGY AB As part of an effort to extend fundamental single-photon measurements into the macroscopic regime, we explore how best to assign photon-number uncertainties to output waveforms of a superconducting transition edge sensor and how those assignments change over that extended dynamic range. Three methods are used. At the lowest photon numbers (up to 20 photons), the widths of histogram peaks of individual waveforms are used to determine the uncertainty. From 100 to 1000 photons, mean waveforms are used to create a photon-number scale. The photon-number uncertainty of the detector in this range is given by the excess of the total variance of the photon number obtained from individual waveforms on this scale beyond the shot noise due to the source. In the midrange (from 10 to 100 photons), including a range where the two other methods do not produce definitive results, we fit waveforms to several adjacent mean waveforms to estimate the photon-number uncertainty. A one-standard-deviation uncertainty in photon number of no more than +/- 1 is found for pulses of up to 100 photons. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP B20 EP B24 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.31.000B20 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA AR0FX UT WOS:000343245800004 ER PT J AU Sridhar, N Shahrokhshahi, R Miller, AJ Calkins, B Gerrits, T Lita, A Nam, SW Pfister, O AF Sridhar, Niranjan Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh Miller, Aaron J. Calkins, Brice Gerrits, Thomas Lita, Adriana Nam, Sae Woo Pfister, Olivier TI Direct measurement of the Wigner function by photon-number-resolving detection SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-STATE MEASUREMENTS; RESOLUTION; TOMOGRAPHY; LOSSES AB Photon-number-resolving (PNR) detection allows for the direct measurement of the Wigner quasi-probability distribution of an optical mode without the need for numerically processing an inverse Radon transform [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4344 (1996)]. In this work, we reproduced the seminal experiment of Banaszek et al. [Phys. Rev. A 60, 674 (1999)] of quantum tomography of a pure coherent state, and of a statistical mixture thereof, and extended it to the more general case of photon fluxes with much more than one photon per detection time. This was made possible by the use of a superconducting transition-edge sensor to perform PNR detection from zero to five photons at 1064 nm, at similar to 70% system efficiency and with no dead time. We detail signal acquisition and detection efficiency and discuss prospects for applying such quantum tomography to non-Gaussian states. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sridhar, Niranjan; Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh; Pfister, Olivier] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Miller, Aaron J.] Albion Coll, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Calkins, Brice; Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Sridhar, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM ns4mf@virginia.edu RI Pfister, Olivier/A-4924-2013 OI Pfister, Olivier/0000-0003-3386-9661 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0960047, PHY-1206029]; University of Virginia FX This work was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation, under grants PHY-0960047 and PHY-1206029, and by the University of Virginia. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 31 IS 10 BP B34 EP B40 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.31.000B34 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AR0FX UT WOS:000343245800006 ER PT J AU Shearn-Bochsler, V Lance, EW Corcoran, R Piatt, J Bodenstein, B Frame, E Lawonn, J AF Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie Lance, Ellen W. Corcoran, Robin Piatt, John Bodenstein, Barbara Frame, Elizabeth Lawonn, James TI Fatal Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) Nestlings, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian; harmful algal bloom; Kittlitz's Murrelet; paralytic shellfish poisoning; saxitoxin ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BAY; RESPONSES AB Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is an acute toxic illness in humans resulting from ingestion of shellfish contaminated with a suite of neurotoxins (saxitoxins) produced by marine dinoflagellates, most commonly in the genus Alexandrium. Poisoning also has been sporadically suspected and, less often, documented in marine wildlife, often in association with an outbreak in humans. Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a small, rare seabird of the Northern Pacific with a declining population. From 2008 to 2012, as part of a breeding ecology study, multiple Kittlitz's Murrelet nests on Kodiak Island, Alaska, were monitored by remote cameras. During the 2011 and 2012 breeding seasons, nestlings from several sites died during mild weather conditions. Remote camera observations revealed that the nestlings died shortly after consuming sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), a fish species known to biomagnify saxitoxin. High levels of saxitoxin were subsequently documented in crop content in 87% of nestling carcasses. Marine bird deaths from PSP may be underreported. C1 [Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie; Bodenstein, Barbara] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Lance, Ellen W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage Fish & Wildlife Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Corcoran, Robin] Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Piatt, John] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lawonn, James] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shearn-Bochsler, V (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM vbochsler@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.7589/2013-11-296 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ8LB UT WOS:000343075900027 PM 25098307 ER PT J AU Miller, JB Tans, PP Gloor, M AF Miller, John B. Tans, Pieter P. Gloor, Manuel TI Steps for success of OCO-2 SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Miller, John B.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM john.b.miller@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ8VC UT WOS:000343112600002 ER PT J AU Geli, L Piau, JM Dziak, R Maury, V Fitzenz, D Coutellier, Q Henry, P AF Geli, Louis Piau, Jean-Michel Dziak, Robert Maury, Vincent Fitzenz, Delphine Coutellier, Quentin Henry, Pierre TI Seismic precursors linked to super-critical fluids at oceanic transform faults SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; SLIP INSTABILITY; FRACTURE-ZONE; NE PACIFIC; EARTHQUAKE; EVOLUTION; FRICTION; WAVES; STATE AB Large earthquakes on mid-ocean ridge transform faults are commonly preceded by foreshocks(1-3) and changes in the seismic properties of the fault zone(3). These seismic precursors could be linked to fluid-related processes(2,3). Hydrothermal fluids within young, hot crust near the intersection of oceanic transform faults are probably in a supercritical condition(4). At constant temperature, supercritical fluids become significantly more compressible with decreasing pressure, with potential impacts on fault behaviour. Here we use a theoretical model to show that oceanic transform faults can switch from dilatant and progressive deformation to rupture in response to fluid-related processes. We assume that the fault core material behaves according to a Cam-clay-type(5) constitutive law, which is commonly used to account for the behaviour of clays. According to our model, we find that the fault is initially stable, with stresses gradually increasing over a timescale of years in response to tectonic loading. The fault evolves into a metastable phase, lasting a few days, during which the fault rocks dilate and pore pressures decrease, causing the compressibility of the supercritical fluids to increase. This in turn triggers fault-slip instability that creates foreshock swarms. In the final phase, the fault fails in the mainshock rupture. Our results imply that seismic precursors are caused by changes in fluid pressure which result in variations in fluid compressibility, in response to rock deformation just before rupture. C1 [Geli, Louis; Coutellier, Quentin] IFREMER, Inst Carnot Ifremer, EDROME, Marine Geosci Dept, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Piau, Jean-Michel] IFSTTAR, Dept Mat & Struct MAST, Bouguenais, France. [Dziak, Robert] Oregon State Univ, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Maury, Vincent] Univ Montpellier 2, F-34000 Montpellier, France. [Maury, Vincent] IFP Energies Nouvelles, IFP Sch, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. [Fitzenz, Delphine] RMS, Newark, CA 94546 USA. [Coutellier, Quentin] Parvis Blaise Pascal, ENIB, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Henry, Pierre] Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. RP Geli, L (reprint author), IFREMER, Inst Carnot Ifremer, EDROME, Marine Geosci Dept, BP 70, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM louis.geli@ifremer.fr RI Henry, Pierre/A-4045-2011; IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1038/NGEO2244 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ8VC UT WOS:000343112600022 ER PT J AU Hegglin, MI Plummer, DA Shepherd, TG Scinocca, JF Anderson, J Froidevaux, L Funke, B Hurst, D Rozanov, A Urban, J von Clarmann, T Walker, KA Wang, HJ Tegtmeier, S Weigel, K AF Hegglin, M. I. Plummer, D. A. Shepherd, T. G. Scinocca, J. F. Anderson, J. Froidevaux, L. Funke, B. Hurst, D. Rozanov, A. Urban, J. von Clarmann, T. Walker, K. A. Wang, H. J. Tegtmeier, S. Weigel, K. TI Vertical structure of stratospheric water vapour trends derived from merged satellite data SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; TIME-SERIES; ERA-INTERIM; VARIABILITY; DEHYDRATION; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Stratospheric water vapour is a powerful greenhouse gas. The longest available record from balloon observations over Boulder, Colorado, USA shows increases in stratospheric water vapour concentrations that cannot be fully explained by observed changes in the main drivers, tropical tropopause temperatures and methane. Satellite observations could help resolve the issue, but constructing a reliable long-term data record from individual short satellite records is challenging. Here we present an approach to merge satellite data sets with the help of a chemistry-climate model nudged to observed meteorology. We use the models' water vapour as a transfer function between data sets that overcomes issues arising from instrument drift and short overlap periods. In the lower stratosphere, our water vapour record extends back to 1988 and water vapour concentrations largely follow tropical tropopause temperatures. Lower and mid-stratospheric long-term trends are negative, and the trends from Boulder are shown not to be globally representative. In the upper stratosphere, our record extends back to 1986 and shows positive long-term trends. The altitudinal differences in the trends are explained by methane oxidation together with a strengthened lower-stratospheric and a weakened upper-stratospheric circulation inferred by this analysis. Our results call into question previous estimates of surface radiative forcing based on presumed global long-term increases in water vapour concentrations in the lower stratosphere. C1 [Hegglin, M. I.; Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Plummer, D. A.; Scinocca, J. F.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91020 USA. [Funke, B.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Hurst, D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rozanov, A.; Weigel, K.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tegtmeier, S.] GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RP Hegglin, MI (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM m.i.hegglin@reading.ac.uk RI Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017 OI Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044 FU Canadian Space Agency [CMAM30] FX We acknowledge the Canadian Space Agency for funding the CMAM30 project, with additional institutional support from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, who provided the model code and supercomputing time. We thank all national and international space agencies for making available their limb satellite observations for use in the SPARC Data Initiative. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 768 EP 776 DI 10.1038/NGEO2236 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ8VC UT WOS:000343112600024 ER PT J AU Hamel, DR Shalm, LK Hubel, H Miller, AJ Marsili, F Verma, VB Mirin, RP Nam, S Resch, KJ Jennewein, T AF Hamel, Deny R. Shalm, Lynden K. Huebel, Hannes Miller, Aaron J. Marsili, Francesco Verma, Varun B. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, SaeWoo Resch, Kevin J. Jennewein, Thomas TI Direct generation of three-photon polarization entanglement SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONS; STATES; TELEPORTATION; PAIRS AB Non-classical states of light are of fundamental importance for emerging quantum technologies. All optics experiments producing multi-qubit entangled states have until now relied on outcome post-selection, a procedure where only the measurement results corresponding to the desired state are considered. This method severely limits the usefulness of the resulting entangled states. Here, we show the direct production of polarization-entangled photon triplets by cascading two entangled downconversion processes. Detecting the triplets with high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors allows us to fully characterize them through quantum state tomography. We use our three-photon entangled state to demonstrate the ability to herald Bell states, a task that was not possible with previous three-photon states, and test local realism by violating the Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities. These results represent a significant breakthrough for entangled multi-photon state production by eliminating the constraints of outcome post-selection, providing a novel resource for optical quantum information processing. C1 [Hamel, Deny R.; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hamel, Deny R.; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hamel, Deny R.] Univ Moncton, Dept Phys & Astron, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada. [Shalm, Lynden K.; Miller, Aaron J.; Marsili, Francesco; Verma, Varun B.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, SaeWoo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huebel, Hannes] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Miller, Aaron J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Hamel, DR (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM deny.hamel@umoncton.ca; thomas.jennewein@uwaterloo.ca RI Hamel, Deny/C-7071-2017; OI Hamel, Deny/0000-0002-4788-7548; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award; QuantumWorks; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence; Industry Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Research Chairs; Canadian Foundation for Innovation FX This work was financially supported by the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award, QuantumWorks, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ontario Centres of Excellence, Industry Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canada Research Chairs and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. The authors thank T. Zhao for contributions to the phase-stabilization software. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 8 IS 10 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.218 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AQ9DU UT WOS:000343145200016 ER PT J AU Bussieres, F Clausen, C Tiranov, A Korzh, B Verma, VB Nam, SW Marsili, F Ferrier, A Goldner, P Herrmann, H Silberhorn, C Sohler, W Afzelius, M Gisin, N AF Bussieres, Felix Clausen, Christoph Tiranov, Alexey Korzh, Boris Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo Marsili, Francesco Ferrier, Alban Goldner, Philippe Herrmann, Harald Silberhorn, Christine Sohler, Wolfgang Afzelius, Mikael Gisin, Nicolas TI Quantum teleportation from a telecom-wavelength photon to a solid-state quantum memory SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ENSEMBLE; QUBITS; REPEATERS; SYSTEM; MATTER; LIGHT AB Quantum teleportation(1) is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters(2,3). This requires the efficient distribution of entanglement between remote nodes of a network(4). Here, we demonstrate quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon(5,6). The latter is jointly measured with another flying polarization qubit to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the qubit retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. Our results demonstrate the possibility of long-distance quantum networks with solid-state resources. C1 [Bussieres, Felix; Clausen, Christoph; Tiranov, Alexey; Korzh, Boris; Gisin, Nicolas] Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Philippe] PSL Res Univ, Chim ParisTech, CNRS, Inst Rech Chim Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ferrier, Alban] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, F-75005 Paris, France. [Herrmann, Harald; Silberhorn, Christine; Sohler, Wolfgang] Univ Paderborn, Appl Phys Integrated Opt Grp, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. RP Bussieres, F (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM felix.bussieres@unige.ch RI Tiranov, Alexey/A-1453-2015; Herrmann, Hartmut/C-2486-2009; Silberhorn, Christine/J-4919-2013; Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011; Afzelius, Mikael/N-5825-2016 OI Herrmann, Hartmut/0000-0001-7044-2101; Silberhorn, Christine/0000-0002-2349-5443; Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X; Afzelius, Mikael/0000-0001-8367-6820 FU European project QuReP; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research 'Quantum Science and Technology' (NCCR QSIT) FX The authors thank R. Thew, P. Sekatski and H. Zbinden for discussions. The authors acknowledge support by the European project QuReP and the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research 'Quantum Science and Technology' (NCCR QSIT). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 8 IS 10 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.215 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AQ9DU UT WOS:000343145200010 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, AV AF Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI QUANTUM GASES The high-symmetry switch SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID OPTICAL LATTICE; ATOMS C1 Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gorshkov@jqi.umd.edu RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 10 BP 708 EP 709 DI 10.1038/nphys3107 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AR0AR UT WOS:000343225200007 ER PT J AU Hansom, J Schulte, CHH Le Gall, C Matthiesen, C Clarke, E Hugues, M Taylor, JM Atature, M AF Hansom, Jack Schulte, Carsten H. H. Le Gall, Claire Matthiesen, Clemens Clarke, Edmund Hugues, Maxime Taylor, Jacob M. Atatuere, Mete TI Environment-assisted quantum control of a solid-state spin via coherent dark states SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOT; SEMICONDUCTOR; FLUORESCENCE; POLARIZATION; SYSTEMS; DRIVEN; ATOMS; BITS AB Understanding the interplay between a quantum system and its environment lies at the heart of quantum science and its applications. So far most efforts have focused on circumventing decoherence induced by the environment by either protecting the system from the associated noise(1-5) or by manipulating the environment directly(6-9). Recently, parallel efforts using the environment as a resource have emerged, which could enable dissipation-driven quantum computation and coupling of distant quantum bits(10-14). Here, we realize the optical control of a semiconductor quantum-dot spin by relying on its interaction with an adiabatically evolving spin environment. The emergence of hyperfine-induced, quasi-static optical selection rules enables the optical generation of coherent spin dark states without an external magnetic field. We show that the phase and amplitude of the lasers implement multi-axis manipulation of the basis spanned by the dark and bright states, enabling control via projection into a spin-superposition state. Our approach can be extended, within the scope of quantum control and feedback(15,16), to other systems interacting with an adiabatically evolving environment. C1 [Hansom, Jack; Schulte, Carsten H. H.; Le Gall, Claire; Matthiesen, Clemens; Atatuere, Mete] Univ Cambridge, Cavevdish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Clarke, Edmund] Univ Sheffield, EPSRC Natl Ctr Technol 3 5, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Hugues, Maxime] CNRS CRHEA, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, JM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmtaylor@umd.edu; ma424@cam.ac.uk RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; , Clemens/0000-0001-7842-6536; Clarke, Edmund/0000-0002-8287-0282 FU University of Cambridge; European Research Council ERC Consolidator Grant [617985]; EU-FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network S3 NANO; NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; ARO MURI [W911NF0910406] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the University of Cambridge, the European Research Council ERC Consolidator Grant agreement no. 617985, EU-FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network S3 NANO, the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and ARO MURI award no. W911NF0910406. The authors also acknowledge J. C. Barnes, G. Solomon, M. J. Stanley, R. H. J. Stockill and E. Waks for fruitful discussions and technical assistance. J.M.T. thanks the Atomic, Mesoscopic and Optical Physics Group at the Cavendish Laboratory for their fine hospitality during his stays. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 10 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3077 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AR0AR UT WOS:000343225200014 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Julienne, PS AF Wang, Yujun Julienne, Paul S. TI Universal van der Waals physics for three cold atoms near Feshbach resonances SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; SCATTERING LENGTH; ENERGY-LEVELS; ULTRACOLD; COLLISIONS; STATES AB Experimental studies with cold atoms have advanced our understanding of three-body physics, historically a fundamental yet challenging problem. This is because atomic interactions can be precisely varied in strength using magnetically tunable scattering resonances known as Feshbach resonances. Collisions near the unitarity limit, where scattering is maximum, are known to have universal aspects that are independent of short-range chemical details. Away from this limit, many quantum states are expected to be active during a three-body collision, making the collisional observables practically unpredictable. Here we predict three-body ultracold scattering rates by properly building in the pairwise van der Waals interactions plus the multi-spin properties of a tunable Feshbach resonance state characterized by known dimensionless two-body parameters. Numerically solving the Schrodinger equation then quantitatively determines three-atom collisional properties at all interaction strengths without needing adjustable parameters to fit data. Consequently, we can define a new class of van der Waals universality for cold atom three-body phenomena. C1 [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM psj@umd.edu RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0617]; NSF [PHY11-25915] FX The authors acknowledge the support of AFOSR-MURI award FA9550-09-1-0617, partial support from NSF Grant PHY11-25915, and thank C. H. Greene, J. P. D'Incao and J. Wang for discussions on the method and R. Grimm for providing their original data. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 10 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3071 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AR0AR UT WOS:000343225200022 ER PT J AU Barron, SC Gorham, JM Patel, MP Green, ML AF Barron, S. C. Gorham, J. M. Patel, M. P. Green, M. L. TI High-Throughput Measurements of Thermochromic Behavior in V1-xNbxO2 Combinatorial Thin Film Libraries SO ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-throughput screening; thermochromics; combinatorial thin film library; near-infrared reflectance; metal-insulator transition; vanadium dioxide (VO2) ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGY-EFFICIENT WINDOWS; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS; INORGANIC MATERIALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB We describe a high-throughput characterization of near-infrared thermochromism in V1-xNbxO2 combinatorial thin film libraries. The oxide thin film library was prepared with a VO2 crystal structure and a continuous gradient in composition with Nb concentrations in the range of less than 1% to 45%. The thermochromic phase transition from monoclinic to tetragonal was characterized by the accompanying change in near-infrared reflectance. With increasing Nb substitution, the transition temperature was depressed from 65 to 35 degrees C, as desirable for smart window applications. However, the magnitude of the reflectance change across the thermochromic transition was also reduced with increasing Nb film content. Data collection, handling, and analysis supporting thermochromic characterization were fully automated to achieve high throughput. Using this system, in 14 h, temperature-dependent infrared reflectances were measured at 165 arbitrary locations on a thin film combinatorial library; these measurements were analyzed for thermochromic transitions in minutes. C1 [Barron, S. C.; Gorham, J. M.; Patel, M. P.; Green, M. L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barron, SC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.barron@nist.gov FU American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) grant FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Nhan Nguyen for measurements of the refractive index of VO2, Ratan Debnath for the Au thin film, and Chris Amigo for support in apparatus assembly. The colormaps used in drawing some figures are available from ref 57. S.C.B. is grateful for financial support from an American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) grant, administered through the University of Maryland. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-8952 EI 2156-8944 J9 ACS COMB SCI JI ACS Comb. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 10 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1021/co500064p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AQ7VH UT WOS:000343026800003 PM 25180465 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Schroeder, ID Field, JC Wells, BK Sydeman, WJ AF Santora, Jarrod A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Field, John C. Wells, Brian K. Sydeman, William J. TI Spatio-temporal dynamics of ocean conditions and forage taxa reveal regional structuring of seabird-prey relationships SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anchovy; demographic response; ecosystem oceanography; forage fish; krill; management; preyscape; seabird reproduction; seascape; upwelling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; ROCKFISH SEBASTES SPP.; PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; CITHARICHTHYS-SORDIDUS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; TOP PREDATORS; CLIMATE; DIET AB Studies of predator prey demographic responses and the physical drivers of such relationships are rare, yet essential for predicting future changes in the structure and dynamics of marine ecosystems. Here, we hypothesize that predator prey relationships vary spatially in association with underlying physical ocean conditions, leading to observable changes in demographic rates, such as reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we quantified spatio-temporal variability in hydrographic conditions, krill, and forage fish to model predator (seabird) demographic responses over 18 years (1990-2007). We used principal component analysis and spatial correlation maps to assess coherence among ocean conditions, krill, and forage fish, and generalized additive models to quantify interannual variability in seabird breeding success relative to prey abundance. The first principal component of four hydrographic measurements yielded an index that partitioned "warm/weak upwelling" and "cool/strong upwelling" years. Partitioning of krill and forage fish time series among shelf and oceanic regions yielded spatially explicit indicators of prey availability. Krill abundance within the oceanic region was remarkably consistent between years, whereas krill over the shelf showed marked interannual fluctuations in relation to ocean conditions. Anchovy abundance varied on the shelf, and was greater in years of strong stratification, weak upwelling and warmer temperatures. Spatio-temporal variability of juvenile forage fish co-varied strongly with each other and with krill, but was weakly correlated with hydrographic conditions. Demographic responses between seabirds and prey availability revealed spatially variable associations indicative of the dynamic nature of "predator habitat" relationships. Quantification of spatially explicit demographic responses, and their variability through time, demonstrate the possibility of delineating specific critical areas where the implementation of protective measures could maintain functions and productivity of central place foraging predators. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Field, John C.; Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jsantora@ucse.edu FU NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) program; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the members of the Rockfish Recruitment and Ecosystem Assessment Survey team. We appreciate the feedback and discussion from Valerie J. Loeb, Nate Mantua, Keith Sakuma, and Stephen Ralston. We are grateful for the feedback and comments provided by two anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved this paper. Partial funding for this synthesis was provided by NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) program. Seabird breeding success on the Farallon Islands was monitored by Point Blue Conservation Science, with financial support from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and others. NR 77 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1730 EP 1747 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5OZ UT WOS:000342859800013 ER PT J AU Kittinger, JN Koehn, JZ Le Cornu, E Ban, NC Gopnik, M Armsby, M Brooks, C Carr, MH Cinner, JE Cravens, A D'Iorio, M Erickson, A Finkbeiner, EM Foley, MM Fujita, R Gelcich, S St Martin, K Prahler, E Reineman, DR Shackeroff, J White, C Caldwell, MR Crowder, LB AF Kittinger, John N. Koehn, J. Zachary Le Cornu, Elodie Ban, Natalie C. Gopnik, Morgan Armsby, Matt Brooks, Cassandra Carr, Mark H. Cinner, Joshua E. Cravens, Amanda D'Iorio, Mimi Erickson, Ashley Finkbeiner, Elena M. Foley, Melissa M. Fujita, Rod Gelcich, Stefan St Martin, Kevin Prahler, Erin Reineman, Daniel R. Shackeroff, Janna White, Crow Caldwell, Margaret R. Crowder, Larry B. TI A practical approach for putting people in ecosystem-based ocean planning SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC DATA; SERVICE PROJECTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; COASTAL; VALUES AB Marine and coastal ecosystems provide important benefits and services to coastal communities across the globe, but assessing the diversity of social relationships with oceans can prove difficult for conservation scientists and practitioners. This presents barriers to incorporating social dimensions of marine ecosystems into ecosystem-based planning processes, which can in turn affect the success of planning and management initiatives. Following a global assessment of social research and related planning practices in ocean environments, we present a step-by-step approach for natural resource planning practitioners to more systematically incorporate social data into ecosystem-based ocean planning. Our approach includes three sequential steps: (1) develop a typology of ocean-specific human uses that occur within the planning region of interest; (2) characterize the complexity of these uses, including the spatiotemporal variability, intensity, and diversity thereof, as well as associated conflicts and compatibility; and (3) integrate social and ecological information to assess trade-offs necessary for successful implementation of ecosystem-based ocean planning. We conclude by showing how systematic engagement of social data - together with ecological information - can create advantages for practitioners to improve planning and management outcomes. C1 [Kittinger, John N.; Koehn, J. Zachary; Le Cornu, Elodie; Erickson, Ashley; Foley, Melissa M.; Prahler, Erin; Caldwell, Margaret R.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Conservat Int, Honolulu, HI USA. [Le Cornu, Elodie] Univ Montpellier 3, F-34032 Montpellier, France. [Ban, Natalie C.; Cinner, Joshua E.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ban, Natalie C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Gopnik, Morgan; Shackeroff, Janna] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Armsby, Matt; Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Law Sch, Environm & Nat Resources Law & Policy Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Armsby, Matt] Resources Law Grp, Sacramento, CA USA. [Brooks, Cassandra; Cravens, Amanda; Reineman, Daniel R.] Stanford Univ, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Carr, Mark H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [D'Iorio, Mimi] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Foley, Melissa M.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA USA. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Casilla, Chile. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Lab Int Cambio Global Lincglobal, Dept Ecol, Casilla, Chile. [St Martin, Kevin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ USA. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Kittinger, JN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. EM jkittinger@gmail.com OI Cravens, Amanda/0000-0002-0271-7967; Cinner, Joshua/0000-0003-2675-9317 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 55 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 12 IS 8 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1890/130267 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ6YB UT WOS:000342958700015 ER PT J AU Landis, WG Rohr, JR Moe, SJ Balbus, JM Clements, W Fritz, A Helm, R Hickey, C Hooper, M Stahl, RG Stauber, J AF Landis, Wayne G. Rohr, Jason R. Moe, S. Jannicke Balbus, John M. Clements, William Fritz, Alyce Helm, Roger Hickey, Christopher Hooper, Michael Stahl, Ralph G. Stauber, Jenny TI Global Climate Change and Contaminants, a Call to Arms Not Yet Heard? SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Landis, Wayne G.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Moe, S. Jannicke] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway. [Balbus, John M.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Clements, William] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Helm, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hickey, Christopher] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Hooper, Michael] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Stahl, Ralph G.] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DC USA. RP Landis, WG (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM wayne.landis@wwu.edu RI Stauber, Jenny/G-8418-2011; OI Moe, Jannicke/0000-0002-3681-3551; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1002/ieam.1568 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200001 PM 25069904 ER PT J AU Cooke, RM Wittmann, ME Lodge, DM Rothlisberger, JD Rutherford, ES Zhang, HY Mason, DM AF Cooke, Roger M. Wittmann, Marion E. Lodge, David M. Rothlisberger, John D. Rutherford, Edward S. Zhang, Hongyan Mason, Doran M. TI Out-of-Sample Validation for Structured Expert Judgment of Asian Carp Establishment in Lake Erie SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID OIL FIRES; ELICITATION; MORTALITY; ASSESSMENTS; FISHERIES; IMPACTS; MODEL; US AB Structured expert judgment (SEJ) is used to quantify the uncertainty of nonindigenous fish (bighead carp [Hypophthalmichthys nobilis] and silver carp [H. molitrix]) establishment in Lake Erie. The classical model for structured expert judgment model is applied. Forming a weighted combination (called a decision maker) of experts' distributions, with weights derived from performance on a set of calibration variables from the experts' field, exhibits greater statistical accuracy and greater informativeness than simple averaging with equal weights. New methods of cross validation are applied and suggest that performance characteristics relative to equal weighting could be predicted with a small number (1-2) of calibration variables. The performance-based decision maker is somewhat degraded on out-of-sample prediction, but remained superior to the equal weight decision maker in terms of statistical accuracy and informativeness. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:522-528. (c) 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. C1 [Cooke, Roger M.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Cooke, Roger M.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Wittmann, Marion E.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Indiana, PA USA. [Rothlisberger, John D.] US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cooke, RM (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM cooke@rff.org NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.1002/ieam.1559 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2KZ UT WOS:000342616200008 PM 25044130 ER PT J AU Jeon, H Simon, CG Kim, G AF Jeon, HoJun Simon, Carl G., Jr. Kim, GeunHyung TI A mini-review: Cell response to microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical patterning of surface structure SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Review DE cell adhesion; cell-material interactions; surface analysis; tissue engineering ID OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; MULTIPLE GROOVED SUBSTRATA; TOPOGRAPHICAL CONTROL; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTACT GUIDANCE; ION-IMPLANTATION; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; NEURAL CELLS; TISSUE AB Cellular behavior can be influenced by the chemical and physical surface characteristics of biomedical substrates. To understand the relationships between various topographical surface patterns and cellular activities, various types of pattern models have been developed and examined in a range of sizes (microscale, nanoscale, and hierarchical structures consisting of both) and shapes (pillar, hole, groove, grate, grid, and island). Here, we review fabrication methods for obtaining physically patterned microscale and nanoscale surfaces, and discuss the relationships between cellular responses and physically patterned surfaces, which could be applied to various biomedical scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Jeon, HoJun; Kim, GeunHyung] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Coll Biotechnol & Bioengn, Dept Biomechatron Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov; gkimbme@skku.edu FU National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) [NRF-2012R1A2A2A01017435]; Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [A120942] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST); contract grant number: NRF-2012R1A2A2A01017435; Contract grant sponsor: Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea; contract grant number: A120942 NR 158 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 97 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD OCT PY 2014 VL 102 IS 7 BP 1580 EP 1594 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.33158 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AQ6ZS UT WOS:000342963000022 PM 24678035 ER PT J AU Wen, CH Kumar, A Xue, Y McPhaden, MJ AF Wen, Caihong Kumar, Arun Xue, Yan McPhaden, M. J. TI Changes in Tropical Pacific Thermocline Depth and Their Relationship to ENSO after 1999 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Thermocline circulation; Climate prediction; Decadal variability; Oceanic variability; Tropical variability ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TONGUE EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN MODEL; WARM POOL; LA-NINA AB The characteristics of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability have experienced notable changes since the late 1990s, including a breakdown of the zonal mean upper-ocean heat content as a precursor for ENSO. These changes also initiated a debate on the role of thermocline variations on the development of ENSO events since the beginning of the twenty-first century. In this study, the connection between thermocline variations and El Nino and La Nina events is examined separately for the 1980-98 and 1999-2012 periods. The analysis highlights the important role of thermocline variations in modulating ENSO evolutions in both periods. It is found that thermocline variation averaged in the central tropical Pacific, including both equatorial and off-equatorial regions, is a good precursor for ENSO evolutions before and after 1999, while the traditional basinwide mean of equatorial thermocline variation is a good precursor only before 1999. The new precursor, including both high-frequency variability in equatorial regions and low-frequency variability in off-equatorial regions, is found to be indicative of multiyear persistent warm and cold conditions in the tropical Pacific. Further, it is found that the strength of the subtropical cells (STCs) interior mass transport in both hemispheres increased rapidly around the late 1990s. It is proposed that the strengthened STC interior transports provide a pathway for the enhanced influence of off-equatorial thermocline variations on the development of ENSO events after 1999. C1 [Wen, Caihong; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wen, Caihong] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wen, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Weather & Climate Predict Bldg,5830 Univ, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM caihong.wen@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 19 BP 7230 EP 7249 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00518.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5ID UT WOS:000342840400004 ER PT J AU Baxter, S Weaver, S Gottschalck, J Xue, Y AF Baxter, Stephen Weaver, Scott Gottschalck, Jon Xue, Yan TI Pentad Evolution of Wintertime Impacts of the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; Climate variability ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; TROPICAL CONVECTION; NORTHERN WINTER; PRECIPITATION; MJO; NONLINEARITY; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION AB Lagged pentad composites of surface air temperature and precipitation are analyzed for the winter season (December-February) to assess the influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) on the climate of the contiguous United States. Composites are based on the Wheeler and Hendon MJO index as well as an index developed and maintained at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC), which is based on extended empirical orthogonal function analysis of upper-level velocity potential. Significant positive temperature anomalies develop in the eastern United States 5-20 days following Wheeler and Hendon MJO index phase 3, which corresponds to enhanced convection centered over the eastern Indian Ocean. At the same lag, positive precipitation anomalies are observed from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes region. Negative temperature anomalies appear in the central and eastern United States 10-20 days following Wheeler and Hendon MJO phase 7. These impacts are supported by an analysis of the evolution of 200-hPa geopotential height and zonal wind anomalies. Composites based on the CPC velocity potential MJO index generally yield similar results; however, they capture more cases since the index contains both interannual and subseasonal variability. There are some cases where the CPC index differs from that of WH in both MJO phase identification and its North American impacts, especially near the West Coast. This analysis suggests that MJO-related velocity potential anomalies can be used without the Wheeler and Hendon MJO index to predict MJO impacts. C1 [Baxter, Stephen; Weaver, Scott; Gottschalck, Jon; Xue, Yan] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Baxter, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM stephen.baxter@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 19 BP 7356 EP 7367 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00105.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5ID UT WOS:000342840400011 ER PT J AU Solomon, A AF Solomon, Amy TI Using Initialized Hindcasts to Assess Simulations of 1970-2009 Equatorial Pacific SST, Zonal Wind Stress, and Surface Flux Trends SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Pacific Ocean; Surface fluxes; Surface temperature; Forecast verification; skill; Hindcasts; Trends ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-ICE; OCEAN; CLOUD; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; FEEDBACKS; ICOADS AB Initialized decadal hindcasts are used to assess simulations of 1970-2009 equatorial Pacific SST, zonal wind stress, and surface flux trends. Initialized hindcasts are useful to assess how well the models simulate observed trends, as well as how simulations of observed trends (due primarily to natural variability) differ from ensemble-mean forecasted trends (due to the response to an increase in external forcing). All models forecast a statistically significant warming trend in both the warm-pool and cold-tongue regions. However, while the warm-pool warming trend is within the observed estimates, the cold-tongue warming trend is an order of magnitude larger than an ENSO residual estimated using SST instrumental reconstructions. Multimodel ensemble means formed using forecasts 6-10 years from initialization with 40 ensemble members do not produce an unambiguous zonal SST gradient response to an increase in external forcing. Systematic biases are identified in forecasts of surface fluxes. For example, in the warm-pool region all year-1 forecasts produce SST trends similar to observations but ocean mixed layer and net surface heat flux trends with an opposite sign to air-sea datasets. In addition, year-1 forecasts produce positive shortwave feedbacks on decadal time scales, whereas 6-10-yr forecasts produce negative or statistically insignificant shortwave flux feedbacks on decadal time scales, suggesting sensitivity to circulations forced by the initialized ocean state. In the cold-tongue region initialized ensembles forecast positive net radiative flux trends even though shortwave flux trends are negative (i.e., for increasing cloudiness). This is inconsistent with air-sea datasets, which uniformly show that the net surface radiative flux feedback is a damping of the underlying SSTs. C1 [Solomon, Amy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, Amy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013 FU NOAA OAR CVP program; NSF AGS [1125561] FX Matt Newman, Clara Deser, Kris Karnauskas, and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged for feedback on this study. The World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and the climate modeling groups listed in this paper are acknowledged for producing and making their model output publicly available. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and leads development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work has been supported by grants from the NOAA OAR CVP program and NSF AGS 1125561. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 19 BP 7385 EP 7393 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00709.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5ID UT WOS:000342840400013 ER PT J AU Qian, YK Peng, SQ Liang, CX Lumpkin, R AF Qian, Yu-Kun Peng, Shiqiu Liang, Chang-Xia Lumpkin, Rick TI On the Estimation of Lagrangian Diffusivity: Influence of Nonstationary Mean Flow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; NEAR-SURFACE CIRCULATION; EDDY-DIFFUSIVITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DRIFTER DATA; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ADRIATIC SEA; STATISTICS; DECOMPOSITION AB Eddy mean flow decomposition is crucial to the estimation of Lagrangian diffusivity based on drifter data. Previous studies have shown that inhomogeneous mean flow induces shear dispersion that increases the estimated diffusivity with time. In the present study, the influences of nonstationary mean flows on the estimation of Lagrangian diffusivity, especially the asymptotic behavior, are investigated using a first-order stochastic model, with both idealized and satellite-based oceanic mean flows. Results from both experiments show that, in addition to inhomogeneity, nonstationarity of mean flows that contain slowly varying signals, such as a seasonal cycle, also cause large biases in the estimates of diffusivity within a time lag of 2 months if a traditional binning method is used. Therefore, when assessing Lagrangian diffusivity over regions where a seasonal cycle is significant [e.g., the Indian Ocean (IO) dominated by monsoon winds], inhomogeneity and nonstationarity of the mean flow should be simultaneously taken into account in eddy mean flow decomposition. A temporally and spatially continuous fit through the Gauss Markov (GM) estimator turns out to be very efficient in isolating the effects of inhomogeneity and nonstationarity of the mean flow, resulting in estimates that are closest to the true diffusivity, especially in regions where strong seasonal cycles exist such as the eastern coast of Somalia and the equatorial IO. C1 [Qian, Yu-Kun; Peng, Shiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liang, Chang-Xia] State Ocean Adm, South China Sea Marine Predict Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Peng, SQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, West Xinggang Rd 164, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM speng@scsio.ac.cn RI Qian, Yu-Kun/O-4903-2014; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Qian, Yu-Kun/0000-0001-5660-7619; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010304]; MOST of China [2011CB403505, 2010CB950302]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [SQ201305]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376021, 41306013]; Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This work is jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010304), the MOST of China (2011CB403505, 2010CB950302), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SQ201305), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41376021, 41306013), the Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of the HP CC at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. R. Lumpkin was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2796 EP 2811 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0058.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ5PM UT WOS:000342861100012 ER PT J AU Hagos, A Habte, F Chowdhury, AG Yeo, D AF Hagos, Asmerom Habte, Filmon Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Yeo, DongHun TI Comparisons of Two Wind Tunnel Pressure Databases and Partial Validation against Full-Scale Measurements SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Atmospheric boundary layer; Low-rise buildings; Database-assisted design; Standards and codes; Wind engineering; Wind pressures; Wind effects ID NIST AERODYNAMIC DATABASE; RISE STEEL STRUCTURES; UWO CONTRIBUTION; LOW BUILDINGS; LOADS; DESIGN AB Database-assisted design (DAD) is an integrated methodology that calculates wind loadings and wind-induced internal forces. It can also calculate demand-to-capacity indexes for each structural member, and by checking whether they differ significantly from unity, determine the adequacy of the members' structural design. Its practical usefulness depends on the availability of comprehensive aerodynamic databases. A public domain aerodynamic database produced in 2003 by the University of Western Ontario (UWO) is not sufficiently extensive to satisfy design needs generally encountered in practice. For this reason, the Tokyo Polytechnic University (TPU) recently developed comprehensive sets of aerodynamic databases that are publicly available and would fill large voids present in the UWO database. This paper presents comparisons of aerodynamic pressures and forces based on TPU and UWO data for low-rise buildings to help assess the extent to which the respective aerodynamic pressure measurements are comparable. In addition, the paper presents a brief review of comparisons between full-scale and UWO wind tunnel measurements of pressures on the Texas Tech University experimental building. The results presented in the paper, though not exhaustive, suggest that TPU and UWO pressure simulations are reasonably equivalent, and may in practice be used for the design of main wind force resisting systems. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Hagos, Asmerom; Habte, Filmon; Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM asmi132@yahoo.com; fhabt003@fiu.edu; chowdhur@fiu.edu; donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 10 AR 04014065 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001001 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ5GO UT WOS:000342835500002 ER PT J AU Yeo, D AF Yeo, DongHun TI Generation of Large Directional Wind Speed Data Sets for Estimation of Wind Effects with Long Return Periods SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Directional wind speeds; Mean recurrence intervals (MRIs); Extreme value statistics; Synthetic wind speed data; Monte Carlo simulation; Generalized Pareto distribution (GPD); Wind effects AB For structures sensitive to wind directionality, methods for the estimation of wind effects require the use of time series of directional wind speeds that cover time periods exceeding the length of the mean recurrence interval (MRI) of interest to the design. This study proposes a procedure for generating such time series from relatively short wind data sets. First, an algorithm is developed for estimating the parameters of the distributions of the directional wind speeds, given that the size of the data sample within one or more directional sectors can in some instances be too small for statistical inference purposes. Once the distribution parameters are estimated, a simple Monte Carlo procedure is used for data generation. The wind speed data being generated can be used within the framework of the database-assisted design approach to determine wind effects on buildings by accounting for wind directionality. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 140 IS 10 AR 04014073 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000995 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ5GO UT WOS:000342835500010 ER PT J AU Levine, ZA Venable, RM Watson, MC Lerner, MG Shea, JE Pastor, RW Brown, FLH AF Levine, Zachary A. Venable, Richard M. Watson, Max C. Lerner, Michael G. Shea, Joan-Emma Pastor, Richard W. Brown, Frank L. H. TI Determination of Biomembrane Bending Moduli in Fully Atomistic Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-BILAYERS; FORCE-FIELD; CHAIN-LENGTH; MEMBRANES; ELASTICITY; CURVATURE; CHARMM; FLUCTUATIONS; UNDULATIONS; ENERGY AB The bilayer bending modulus (K-c) is one of the most important physical constants characterizing lipid membranes, but precisely measuring it is a challenge, both experimentally and computationally. Experimental measurements on chemically identical bilayers often differ depending upon the techniques employed, and robust simulation results have previously been limited to coarse-grained models (at varying levels of resolution). This Communication demonstrates the extraction of K-c from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for three different single-component lipid bilayers (DPPC, DOPC, and DOPE). The results agree quantitatively with experiments that measure thermal shape fluctuations in giant unilamellar vesicles. Lipid tilt, twist, and compression moduli are also reported. C1 [Levine, Zachary A.; Shea, Joan-Emma; Brown, Frank L. H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Levine, Zachary A.; Shea, Joan-Emma; Brown, Frank L. H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Venable, Richard M.; Pastor, Richard W.] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Watson, Max C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lerner, Michael G.] Earlham Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. RP Brown, FLH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM flbrown@chem.ucsb.edu FU NSF [CHE-1153096, MCB-1158577]; NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI; MRL (an NSF MRSEC) [DMR-11210S3, NSF CNS-0960316] FX We thank John Nagle and Evan Evans for helpful discussions regarding this work. Partial financial support was provided by NSF grants CHE-1153096 and MCB-1158577, and the intramural research program at the NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We also acknowledge support from the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL (an NSF MRSEC) under grants DMR-11210S3 and NSF CNS-0960316, in addition to the computational capabilities of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (NHLBI LoBoS cluster) and Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas at Austin. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 39 BP 13582 EP 13585 DI 10.1021/ja507910r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AQ2IK UT WOS:000342608800029 PM 25202918 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM AF Roberts, James M. TI NO2 in the lungs: a weighty matter SO LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-2600 J9 LANCET RESP MED JI Lancet Resp. Med. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 2 IS 10 BP E16 EP E16 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA AQ3KP UT WOS:000342692100001 PM 25298058 ER PT J AU Torre, J Vidal, O Brownell, RL AF Torre, Jorge Vidal, Omar Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Sexual dimorphism and developmental patterns in the external morphology of the vaquita, Phocoena sinus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sexual dimorphism; allometric growth; isometric growth; external development; porpoise; vaquita; Phocoena sinus ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; HARBOR PORPOISES; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; DOLPHINS; AGE; REPRODUCTION; ALLOMETRY; CETACEA; MAMMALS AB A total of 56 vaquitas (Phocoena sinus) were examined to evaluate their sexual dimorphism and isometric and/or allometric growth in 35 external characteristics. Absolute and relative (to total length) measurements and growth rates were compared between sexually immature and mature females and males. T-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism in the vaquita was detected in the total length, head region (from blowhole to tip of upper jaw), anterior section of the body (from dorsal fin to tip of upper jaw), dorsal fin and the genital and anal regions. Fluke width is relatively larger in mature males than immature males, but in females this relative metric does not change during their development. In addition, males present a higher dorsal fin. These somatic changes are probably related to the swimming capacity (speed, agility, maneuvering) during the breeding season and/or foraging activities. A linear model of growth was used to determine possible proportional changes with respect to total body length through the development of 33 external characteristics. The anterior region of the body and the flippers were relatively larger in immature individuals than in mature ones. C1 [Torre, Jorge] Comunidad & Biodiversidad AC, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico. [Vidal, Omar] World Wildlife Fund Mexico, Mexico City 06100, DF, Mexico. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Torre, J (reprint author), Comunidad & Biodiversidad AC, Isla Peruano 215, Guaymas 85448, Sonora, Mexico. EM jtorre@cobi.org.mx NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1296 DI 10.1111/mms.12106 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AQ5GR UT WOS:000342835800001 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE Costa, DP AF Kuhn, Carey E. Costa, Daniel P. TI Interannual variation in the at-sea behavior of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California Current; dive behavior; environmental variation; habitat utilization; interannual variability; satellite tracking ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; LARGE MARINE PREDATOR; TROPHIC-LEVEL PREDATORS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GPS TRACKING; EL-NINO; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PHOCARCTOS-HOOKERI; LOLIGO-OPALESCENS AB To be successful, marine predators must alter their foraging behavior in response to changes in their environment. To understand the impact and severity of environmental change on a population it is necessary to first describe typical foraging patterns and identify the underlying variability that exists in foraging behavior. Therefore, we characterized the at-sea behavior of adult female California sea lions (n = 32) over three years (2003, 2004, and 2005) using satellite transmitters and time-depth recorders and examined how foraging behavior varied among years. In all years, sea lions traveled on average 84.7 +/- 11.1 km from the rookery during foraging trips that were 3.2 +/- 0.3 d. Sea lions spent 42.7% +/- 1.9% of their time at sea diving and displayed short (2.2 +/- 0.2 min), shallow dives (58.5 +/- 8.5 m). Among individuals, there was significant variation in both dive behavior and movement patterns, which was found in all years. Among years, differences were found in trip durations, distances traveled, and some dive variables (e. g., dive duration and bottom time) as sea lions faced moderate variability in their foraging habitat (increased sea-surface temperatures, decreased upwelling, and potential decreased prey abundance). The flexibility we found in the foraging behavior of California sea lions may be a mechanism to cope with environmental variability among years and could be linked to the continuing growth of sea lion populations. C1 [Kuhn, Carey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kuhn, Carey E.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carey.kuhn@noaa.gov FU UC Marine Council Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative; Friends of Long Marine Lab; American Cetacean Society; Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; California Sea Grant College Program; National Ocean Partnership Program; Office of Naval Research; Moore Foundation; Packard Foundation; Sloan Foundation FX This work was made possible by the efforts of a large number of field volunteers and we are thankful for all the support they provided. Specifically, we would like to thank N. Boedeker, T. Goldstein, B. Long, M. Rutishauser, S. Simmons, R. Walsh, and M. Weise. We thank the U.S. Navy and specifically Grace Smith for exceptional field and logistic support. Research was funded by grants from the UC Marine Council Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative, Friends of Long Marine Lab, American Cetacean Society, Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, California Sea Grant College Program, National Ocean Partnership Program, Office of Naval Research, and the Moore, Packard, and Sloan Foundations. This research was conducted as a part of the Tagging of Pacific Predators (TOPP). Animal handling procedures were approved by the UCSC Chancellors Animal Research Committee and permitted under NMFS permit #87-1593. NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1297 EP 1319 DI 10.1111/mms.12110 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AQ5GR UT WOS:000342835800002 ER PT J AU Lang, AR Calambokidis, J Scordino, J Pease, VL Klimek, A Burkanov, VN Gearin, P Litovka, DI Robertson, KM Mate, BR Jacobsen, JK Taylor, BL AF Lang, Aimee R. Calambokidis, John Scordino, Jonathan Pease, Victoria L. Klimek, Amber Burkanov, Vladimir N. Gearin, Pat Litovka, Dennis I. Robertson, Kelly M. Mate, Bruce R. Jacobsen, Jeff K. Taylor, Barbara L. TI Assessment of genetic structure among eastern North Pacific gray whales on their feeding grounds SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Eschrichtius robustus; gray whale; population structure; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellites; demographic independence ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BALEEN WHALES; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; NUMBER; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB Although most eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales feed in the Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi Seas during summer and fall, a small number of individuals, referred to as the Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG), show intra-and interseasonal fidelity to feeding areas from northern California through southeastern Alaska. We used both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 12 microsatellite markers to assess whether stock structure exists among feeding grounds used by ENP gray whales. Significant mtDNA differentiation was found when samples representing the PCFG (n=71) were compared with samples (n=103) collected from animals feeding further north (FST=0.012, P=0.0045). No significant nuclear differences were detected. These results indicate that matrilineal fidelity plays a role in creating structure among feeding grounds but suggests that individuals from different feeding areas may interbreed. Haplotype diversities were similar between strata (h(PCFG)=0.945, h(Northern)=0.952), which, in combination with the low level of mtDNA differentiation identified, suggested that some immigration into the PCFG could be occurring. These results are important in evaluating the management of ENP gray whales, especially in light of the Makah Tribe's proposal to resume whaling in an area of the Washington coast utilized by both PCFG and migrating whales. C1 [Lang, Aimee R.; Pease, Victoria L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lang, Aimee R.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Calambokidis, John; Klimek, Amber] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Scordino, Jonathan] Makah Fisheries Management, Marine Mammal Program, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.; Gearin, Pat] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Kamchatka, Russia. [Litovka, Dennis I.] Chukotka Branch FGUP TINRO, Marine Mammal Lab, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia. [Mate, Bruce R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jacobsen, Jeff K.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lang, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM aimee.lang@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Northwest Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; the Northwest Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and by a Species Recovery Grant to Tribes. Samples utilized in this project were collected under MMPA permit #14097 granted to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, permit #14366 granted to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, permit #540-1811 granted to John Calambokidis of Cascadia Research Collective, permit #369-1757 granted to Bruce Mate of Oregon State University, and permit #38 granted by the Russian agency Rosprirodnadzor to the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences on 6 April 2010. Samples collected in Russian waters were imported under CITES permit #1OUS77422319, held by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank Robin Abernathy, Billy Adams, Russ Andrews, Eric Archer, Amanda Bowman, Nicky Beaulieu, Valentina Burkanov, Douglas Coleman, Dominick DeBari, Louella Dolar, Graeme Ellis, John Ford, Gary Friedrichsen, J. Craig George, Brian Gisborne, Dawn Goley, Merrill Gosho, Ernie Grimes, Jeff Harris, Jason Herreman, Barb Lagerquist, Rikki Manuel, Jeremiah Minich, Michael Murner, Carrie Newell, Sean Oliver, Nate Pamplin, Joe Scordino, Gaby Serra-Valente, Mikhail Shlemov, Tatiana Shulezhko, Debbie Steele, Rod Towell, Andrey Tretyakov, Paul Wade, and Gina Ylitalo for their assistance with sample collection, sample contribution, or data generation and analysis. John Bickham, Bob Brownell, Donna Darm, Karen Martien, Bill Perrin, Patricia Rosel, Steve Stone, Dave Weller, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments for improving the manuscript. Some of the work presented here was conducted as part of a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1473 EP 1493 DI 10.1111/mms.12129 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AQ5GR UT WOS:000342835800011 ER PT J AU Ruegg, K Anderson, EC Boone, J Pouls, J Smith, TB AF Ruegg, Kristen Anderson, Eric C. Boone, Jason Pouls, Jazz Smith, Thomas B. TI A role for migration-linked genes and genomic islands in divergence of a songbird SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; genomics; migration; sex chromosome; speciation ID THRUSH CATHARUS-USTULATUS; SWAINSONS THRUSH; RAPID EVOLUTION; SPECIATION; ORIGIN; HYBRIDIZATION; DIVIDE; BIRD; FLOW; POLYMORPHISMS AB Next-generation sequencing has made it possible to begin asking questions about the process of divergence at the level of the genome. For example, recently, there has been a debate around the role of genomic islands of divergence' (i.e. blocks of outlier loci) in facilitating the process of speciation-with-gene-flow. The Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus, is a migratory songbird with two genetically distinct subspecies that differ in a number of traits known to be involved in reproductive isolation in birds (plumage coloration, song and migratory behaviour), despite contemporary gene flow along a secondary contact zone. Here, we use RAD-PE sequencing to test emerging hypotheses about the process of divergence at the level of the genome and identify genes and gene regions involved in differentiation in this migratory songbird. Our analyses revealed distinct genomic islands on 15 of the 23 chromosomes and an accelerated rate of divergence on the Z chromosome, one of the avian sex chromosomes. Further, an analysis of loci linked to traits known to be involved in reproductive isolation in songbirds showed that genes linked to migration are significantly more differentiated than expected by chance, but that these genes lie primarily outside the genomic islands. Overall, our analysis supports the idea that genes linked to migration play an important role in divergence in migratory songbirds, but we find no compelling evidence that the observed genomic islands are facilitating adaptive divergence in migratory behaviour. C1 [Ruegg, Kristen; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ruegg, Kristen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Boone, Jason] Floragenex Inc, Eugene, OR 97401 USA. [Pouls, Jazz] Pacific Collegiate Sch, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ruegg, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ctr Trop Res, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kruegg@ucsc.edu FU Turner Foundation, EPA [RD-83377801] FX This research was supported by a donation from Margery Nicolson and a grant to TBS from The Turner Foundation, EPA (RD-83377801). We would like to thank Craig Moritz and Daniel Barshis for helpful discussions on earlier versions of this work and Tressa Atwood and Rick Nipper for their assistance with the laboratory and bioinformatics components. We would also like to thank Chris Witt at the Museum of Southwestern Biology and Peter Marra of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center for contributing genetic material. The authors would like to thank the thorough and helpful suggestions provided by the anonymous reviewers. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 19 BP 4757 EP 4769 DI 10.1111/mec.12842 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AQ4DQ UT WOS:000342743000010 PM 24954641 ER PT J AU Smith, WL Busby, MS AF Smith, W. Leo Busby, Morgan S. TI Phylogeny and taxonomy of sculpins, sandfishes, and snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with comments on the phylogenetic significance of their early-life-history specializations SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Scorpaeniformes; Perciformes; Mail-cheeked fishes; Reproduction; Larvae ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DATA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION; TELEOSTEI COTTIDAE; NUCLEAR-DNA; FISHES; SCORPAENIFORMES; DIVERSIFICATION; LARVAE; GENUS AB Despite recent progress on the higher-level relationships of the Cottoidei and its familial components, phylogenetic conflict and uncertainty remain within the Cottoidea. We analyzed a dataset composed of 4518 molecular (mitochondria( 12S, tRNA-Val, 16S, and cytochrome b and nuclear TMO-4c4, Histone H3, and 28S) and 72 morphological characters for 69 terminals to address cottoid intrarelationships. The resulting well-resolved phylogeny was used to produce a revised taxonomy that is consistent with the available molecular and morphological data and recognizes six families: Agonidae, Cottidae, Jordaniidae, Psychrolutidae, Rhamphocottidae, and Scorpaenichthyidae. The traditional Agonidae was expanded to include traditional hemitripterids and Hemilepidotus. The traditional Cottidae was restricted to Leptocottus, Trachidermus, and the riverine, lacustrine, and Lake Baikal freshwater cottoids. Jordaniidae (Jordania and Paricelinus) was separated from the traditional cottids; Psychrolutidae was expanded from the traditional grouping to include nearly all traditional marine cottids and the single species of bathylutichthyid. Rhamphocottidae was expanded to include the traditional ereuniids, and Scorpaenichthyidae separated Scorpaenichthys from the traditional cottids. The importance of early-life-history characters to the resulting phylogeny and taxonomy were highlighted. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, W. Leo] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Smith, W. Leo] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Busby, Morgan S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Smith, WL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM leosmith@ku.edu; morgan.busby@noaa.gov FU University of Kansas; National Science Foundation [DEB-0405246, DEB-0732642, DEB-1060869, DEB-1258141] FX We thank M. Davis (KU), M. Girard (KU), A. Matarese (NMFS), the late J. Nelson (Univ. Edmonton), J. Orr (NMFS), S. Remple (formerly of NMFS), K. Smith, and H. Walker (SIO) for thoughtful discussions, reading complete or partial drafts of this manuscript, or helping with manuscript preparation. We thank K. Maslenikov (UW) for help with the identification of a voucher specimen from the UW collection. We thank A. Nolte (Univ. Koln), A. Bentley (KU), B. Brown (AMNH), A. Dettai (MNHN), J. Gregg (Friday Harbor), P. Hastings (SIO), G. Hoffman (UCSB), S. Kirilchik (RAS), C. Klepadlo (SIO), G. Lecointre (MNHN), J. Marliave (Vancouver Public Aquarium), J. Orr, K. Maslenikov, T. Pietsch (UW), A. Simons (Univ. Minnesota), J. Volff (ENS Lyon), H. Walker, E. Wiley (KU), and M. Yabe (HUMZ) for providing, helping locate, or helping in the collection of tissue samples. Finally, fieldwork and laboratory research were funded by the University of Kansas, and the National Science Foundation (grants: DEB-0405246, DEB-0732642, DEB-1060869, and DEB-1258141 all to WLS). NR 118 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 79 BP 332 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.028 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AQ5YP UT WOS:000342884800026 PM 25014569 ER PT J AU Krueger, S Shin, JH Curtis, JE Rubinson, KA Kelman, Z AF Krueger, Susan Shin, Jae-Ho Curtis, Joseph E. Rubinson, Kenneth A. Kelman, Zvi TI The solution structure of full-length dodecameric MCM by SANS and molecular modeling SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE DNA helicase; small-angle neutron scattering; minichromosome maintenance protein; Monte Carlo simulations; DNA replication ID MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METHANOTHERMOBACTER-THERMAUTOTROPHICUS MCM; METHANOBACTERIUM-THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM MCM; DNA HELICASE ACTIVITY; ARCHAEAL MCM; THERMOCOCCUS KODAKARENSIS; BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; CONSERVED LOOP AB The solution structure of the full-length DNA helicase minichromosome maintenance protein from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus was determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data together with all-atom molecular modeling. The data were fit best with a dodecamer (dimer of hexamers). The 12 monomers were linked together by the B/C domains, and the adenosine triphosphatase (AAA1) catalytic regions were found to be freely movable in the full-length dodecamer both in the presence and absence of Mg2+ and 50-meric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). In particular, the SANS data and molecular modeling indicate that all 12 AAA1 domains in the dodecamer lie approximately the same distance from the axis of the molecule, but the positions of the helix-turn-helix region at the C-terminus of each monomer differ. In addition, the A domain at the N-terminus of each monomer is tucked up next to the AAA1 domain for all 12 monomers of the dodecamer. Finally, binding of ssDNA does not lock the AAA1 domains in any specific position, which leaves them with the flexibility to move both for helicase function and for binding along the ssDNA. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.; Rubinson, Kenneth A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shin, Jae-Ho] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Div Appl Biol & Chem, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taegu, South Korea. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Krueger, S (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.krueger@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0944772]; NSF [MCB-0815646, CHE-1265821]; CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC [EP/K039121/1] FX Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation (NSF); Grant number: DMR-0944772; Grant sponsor: NSF (to ZK); Grant number: MCB-0815646; Grant sponsor: CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC; Grant number: (EP/K039121/1); Grant sponsor: NSF; Grant number: CHE-1265821. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT PY 2014 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2364 EP 2374 DI 10.1002/prot.24598 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA AQ5LC UT WOS:000342849400007 PM 24810534 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Pratt, KW Cherdchu, C Tangpaisarnkul, N Hioki, A Ohata, M Spitzer, P Mariassy, M Vyskocil, L AF Duewer, David L. Pratt, Kenneth W. Cherdchu, Chainarong Tangpaisarnkul, Nongluck Hioki, Akiharu Ohata, Masaki Spitzer, Petra Mariassy, Michal Vyskocil, Leos TI "Degrees of equivalence" for chemical measurement capabilities: primary pH SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE CCQM; EAWG; Degree of equivalence; Key comparison; Leave-one-out strategy; Parametric Bootstrap Monte Carlo analysis; pH ID ESTIMATORS AB The key comparison (KC) studies of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance-Metrology in Chemistry help ensure the reliability of chemical and biochemical measurements relevant to international trade and environmental-, health-, and safety-related decision making. The traditional final evaluation of each measurement result reported by a KC participant is a "degree of equivalence" (DEq) that quantitatively specifies how consistent each individual result is relative to a reference value. Recognizing the impossibility of conducting separate KCs for all important analytes in all important sample matrices at all important analyte levels, emphasis is now shifting to documenting broadly applicable critical or "core" measurement competencies elicited through a series of studies. To better accomplish the necessary synthesis of results, data analysis and display tools must be developed for objectively and quantitatively combining individual DEqs. The information detailed in the 11 KCs of primary method pH measurements publically available as of 2013 provides an excellent "best case" prototype for such analysis. We here propose tools that enable documenting the expected primary pH measurement performance of individual participants between pH 1 and pH 11 and from 15 A degrees C to 37 A degrees C. These tools may prove useful for other areas where the uncertainty of measurement is a predictable function of the measured quantity, such as the stable gases. That results for relatively simple measurement processes can be combined using relatively simple analysis and display methods does not ensure that similarly meaningful summaries can be devised for less well understood and controlled systems, but it provides the incentive to attempt to do so. C1 [Duewer, David L.; Pratt, Kenneth W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cherdchu, Chainarong; Tangpaisarnkul, Nongluck] NIMT, Klongluang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Hioki, Akiharu; Ohata, Masaki] NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Spitzer, Petra] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Mariassy, Michal; Vyskocil, Leos] SMU, Bratislava 84255, Slovakia. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 EI 1432-0517 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 19 IS 5 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s00769-014-1076-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP9PL UT WOS:000342411600001 ER PT J AU Duncan, C Dickerson, B Pabilonia, K Miller, A Gelatt, T AF Duncan, Colleen Dickerson, Bobette Pabilonia, Kristy Miller, Amy Gelatt, Tom TI Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. in tissues from subsistence harvested northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) of St. Paul Island, Alaska SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brucella; Callorhinus ursinus; Coxiella burnetii; northern fur seal; zoonoses ID LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; PRIMARY Q-FEVER; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; BONE-MARROW; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; PATIENT AB Background: The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is an important cultural and nutritional resource for the Aleut community on St. Paul Island Alaska. In recent years, an increasing number of zoonotic pathogens have been identified in the population, but the public health significance of these findings is unknown. To determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. in northern fur seal tissues, eight tissue types from 50 subsistence-harvested fur seals were tested for bacterial DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings: Of the 400 samples tested, only a single splenic sample was positive for Brucella spp. and the cycle threshold (ct) value was extremely high suggesting a low concentration of DNA within the tissue. C. burnetii DNA was not detected. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the risk of humans contracting brucellosis or Q fever from the consumption of harvested northern fur seals is low. C1 [Duncan, Colleen; Pabilonia, Kristy] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Diagnost Med Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Dickerson, Bobette; Gelatt, Tom] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Miller, Amy] CytoVet, Dallas, TX 75239 USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Diagnost Med Ctr, 300 West Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM Colleen.Duncan@colostate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board FX All animal tissue samples were collected under authorization of U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit #s 14327, issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. The authors thank The Tribal Government of St Paul Island for their collaboration in sample collection, the North Pacific Research Board for funding and Christina Weller for technical assistance. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0044-605X EI 1751-0147 J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 56 AR 67 DI 10.1186/s13028-014-0067-x PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AQ2EF UT WOS:000342597900001 PM 25266039 ER PT J AU Longenecker, K Chan, YL Toonen, RJ Carlon, DB Hunt, TL Friedlander, AM Demartini, EE AF Longenecker, Ken Chan, Yvonne L. Toonen, Robert J. Carlon, David B. Hunt, Terry L. Friedlander, Alan M. Demartini, Edward E. TI Archaeological Evidence of Validity of Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; fisheries exploitation; parrotfishes; Scarinae; shifting baselines; space-for-time substitution; zooarchaeology ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; HUMAN IMPACTS; NORTHWESTERN; PARROTFISHES; EXPLOITATION; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; REMAINS AB Reef-fish management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish populations prior to large-scale contemporary human impacts. As a result, relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for populations near sites affected by humans. This space-for-time approach can only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space-for-time substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400-1700) through historic (AD 1700-1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts in modern times. C1 [Longenecker, Ken] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Chan, Yvonne L.; Toonen, Robert J.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Carlon, David B.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Hunt, Terry L.] Univ Oregon, Clark Honors Coll, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hunt, Terry L.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Demartini, Edward E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Longenecker, K (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, Dept Nat Sci, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM klongenecker@bishopmuseum.org OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU NSF Hawaii EPSCoR; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA09NMF4630123]; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership [MOA-2005-008/6882] FX We thank the Bishop Museum Anthropology Department, in particular R. Gard and Y. Sinoto for aid with loaned faunal remains from Waiahukini for nondestructive DNA extraction and J. Kahn for help with radiocarbon dating. The NSF ESPCoR ancient DNA laboratory was supported by NSF Hawaii EPSCoR, and we particularly thank J. Leong, D. Price, and K. Kaneshiro for funding and S. Donachie and D. Kapan for providing laboratory space. Funding was provided by NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Grant NA09NMF4630123 to R.J.T., D.B.C., and T.L.H. and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership (MOA-2005-008/6882) to R.J.T. and Y.L.C. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1330 DI 10.1111/cobi.12287 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ3DH UT WOS:000342668700021 PM 24665960 ER PT J AU Creamean, JM Lee, C Hill, TC Ault, AP DeMott, PJ White, AB Ralph, FM Prather, KA AF Creamean, Jessie M. Lee, Christopher Hill, Thomas C. Ault, Andrew P. DeMott, Paul J. White, Allen B. Ralph, F. Martin Prather, Kimberly A. TI Chemical properties of insoluble precipitation residue particles SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Precipitation chemistry; Insoluble residues; Soluble ions; ATOFMS; CalWater I; Ice nuclei ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; BIOLOGICAL ICE NUCLEATORS; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; ASIAN DUST; MIXING STATE; SEA-SALT; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DESERT DUST AB Precipitation chemistry can provide unique insights into the composition of aerosol particles involved in precipitation processes. Until recently, precipitation chemistry studies focused predominantly on soluble components. Analyzing the single particle insoluble components in addition to soluble ions in precipitation can provide detailed information on the individual particles originally in the cloud or removed by precipitation as well as the source of the aerosols. Herein, we present an in-depth analysis of resuspended residues from precipitation samples collected at a remote site in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California during the 2009-2011 winter seasons. In addition, we present results from laboratory control experiments of dust, leaf litter, smoke, and sea salt samples that were conducted to better understand how insoluble and soluble residues are distributed during the atomization process and aid in the classification of the residue compositions in the precipitation samples. Further, immersion freezing ice nuclei (IN) measurements of insoluble residues from precipitation water enabled the determination of residue types that likely seeded clouds. Long-range transported dust mixed with biological material tended to be more IN active, while purely biological residues contained a variety of high and low temperature IN. Overall, results from this study can be used as a benchmark for classification of insoluble precipitation residues in future studies. Knowledge of the precipitation chemistry of insoluble residues coupled with meteorological and cloud microphysical measurements will ultimately improve our understanding of the link between aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Creamean, Jessie M.; White, Allen B.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Christopher; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hill, Thomas C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DeMott, Paul J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011; OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600 FU California Energy Commission, United States [UCOP/CIEE C-09-07, CEC 500-09-043]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program [EA133F-10-CN-0187]; NSF, United States grant [ATM-0841542] FX Funding for precipitation sample collection and chemical analysis was provided by the California Energy Commission, United States under contract UCOP/CIEE C-09-07 and CEC 500-09-043. J. Creamean was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (Contract number EA133F-10-CN-0187) for precipitation sample data interpretation, control experiment sample preparation, chemical analysis and interpretation, and for writing of the manuscript. T. Hill was supported by NSF, United States grant ATM-0841542 for ice nuclei measurements. The authors gratefully acknowledge J. Mayer, D. Collins, J. Cahill, M. Zauscher, E. Fitzgerald, and M. Moore from UCSD for assistance with equipment preparation and setup at SPD. We also thank M. Pickett from UCSD for assistance with running some of the control experiments, and C. Gaston and K. Suski for the IC measurements. The deployment of the NOAA and UCSD/SIO equipment at SPD involved many field staff, particularly C. King (NOAA/ESRL). The Forest Hill Power Utility District is acknowledged for hosting the sampling site at SPD. P. Neiman is acknowledged for their insightful discussions during preparation of this manuscript. NR 79 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 76 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.05.005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ1KU UT WOS:000342541100002 ER PT J AU Bosley, KL Miller, TW Brodeur, RD Bosley, KM Van Gaest, A Elz, A AF Bosley, Keith L. Miller, Todd W. Brodeur, Richard D. Bosley, Katelyn M. Van Gaest, Ahna Elz, Anna TI Feeding ecology of juvenile rockfishes off Oregon and Washington based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; FAMILY SCORPAENIDAE; CARBON ISOTOPES; GENUS SEBASTES; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIET; VARIABILITY; LARVAE; ECOSYSTEM AB The feeding habits of pelagic, juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) collected off Oregon in 2002, and Oregon and Washington in 2006, were examined using stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Sampling occurred along a series of transects across the shelf between Crescent City, California (Lat. 41A degrees 54.0'), and Newport, Oregon (Lat. 44A degrees 39.0'), in 2002, and off Willapa Bay, Washington (Lat. 46A degrees 40.0'), and the Columbia River, Oregon (Lat. 46A degrees 10.0'), in 2006. Species composition varied both years with distance from shore, but the predominant species were darkblotched (Sebastes crameri), canary (S. pinniger), yellowtail (2006 only; S. flavidus), and widow (S. entomelas) rockfishes. Stomach content analysis revealed that darkblotched rockfish had highly variable diets, and canary, yellowtail, and widow rockfishes exhibited a high degree of overlap in 2006. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in diet based on distance from shore where caught, fish size, and species. Stable isotope analysis indicated that all species were feeding at about the same trophic level within each year, with a 1.5 aEuro degrees difference in delta N-15 between years and regions. The difference in delta N-15 values may indicate a greater contribution of mesotrophic zooplankton such as euphausiids, hyperiid amphipods, and chaetognaths to fish diets in 2006. Depleted C-13 values were indicative of diets based on primary production from a more offshore origin, suggesting that these rockfish had previously inhabited offshore waters. These results add to our understanding of some of the important environmental factors that affect young-of-the-year rockfishes during their pelagic phase. C1 [Bosley, Keith L.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bosley, Katelyn M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Van Gaest, Ahna] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Elz, Anna] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bosley, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM keith.bosley@noaa.gov FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program; U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Northeast Pacific Program; Bonneville Power Administration FX This study was funded through the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program, U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Northeast Pacific Program, and the Bonneville Power Administration. Comments from Chris Harvey, Aimee Keller, Chris Harrod, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript considerably, as did edits from Karen Bosley. We also wish to thank Chris Harvey and Phil Levin for invaluable assistance obtaining funding, and R. Emmett, J. Fisher, T. Sandell, S. Pool, and P. Bentley for help in sampling. Special thanks to M. Kubo, W. Reichert, and K. Turk for help with the stable isotope analysis. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 161 IS 10 BP 2381 EP 2393 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2513-8 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP9QT UT WOS:000342415200016 ER PT J AU Grasso, L Lindsey, DT Lim, KSS Clark, A Bikos, D Dembek, SR AF Grasso, Lewis Lindsey, Daniel T. Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny Clark, Adam Bikos, Dan Dembek, Scott R. TI Evaluation of and Suggested Improvements to the WSM6 Microphysics in WRF-ARW Using Synthetic and Observed GOES-13 Imagery SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; SYSTEM; MODEL; SIMULATION; MESOSCALE; FORECASTS; CLOUDS AB Synthetic satellite imagery can be employed to evaluate simulated cloud fields. Past studies have revealed that the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) single-moment 6-class (WSM6) microphysics scheme in the Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) produces less upper-level ice clouds within synthetic images compared to observations. Synthetic Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13 (GOES-13) imagery at 10.7 mu m of simulated cloud fields from the 4-km National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) WRF-ARW is compared to observed GOES-13 imagery. Histograms suggest that too few points contain upper-level simulated ice clouds. In particular, side-by-side examples are shown of synthetic and observed anvils. Such images illustrate the lack of anvil cloud associated with convection produced by the 4-km NSSL WRF-ARW. A vertical profile of simulated hydrometeors suggests that too much cloud water mass may be converted into graupel mass, effectively reducing the main source of ice mass in a simulated anvil. Further, excessive accretion of ice by snow removes ice from an anvil by precipitation settling. Idealized sensitivity tests reveal that a 50% reduction of the accretion rate of ice by snow results in a significant increase in anvil ice of a simulated storm. Such results provide guidance as to which conversions could be reformulated, in a more physical manner, to increase simulated ice mass in the upper troposphere. C1 [Grasso, Lewis; Lindsey, Daniel T.; Bikos, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lim, Kyo-Sun Sunny] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Clark, Adam] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dembek, Scott R.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. RP Grasso, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lewis.grasso@colostate.edu RI Lim, Kyo-Sun/I-3811-2012; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of Science Biological and Environmental Research; China Ministry of Sciences and Technology on regional climate research and Earth System Modeling program; DOE [DE-AC05-76L01830] FX This research is primarily funded by NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office. We would also like to extend our thanks to Dr. Song-You Hong for his assistance. Further, K.-S. S. Lim was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral agreement with the China Ministry of Sciences and Technology on regional climate research and Earth System Modeling program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3635 EP 3650 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00005.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400007 ER PT J AU Mansell, ER AF Mansell, Edward R. TI Storm-Scale Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of Total Lightning Flash-Extent Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RIME ACCRETION; PART II; MODEL; MESOSCALE; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; STEPS AB A set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) demonstrates the potential benefit from ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation of total lightning flash mapping data. Synthetic lightning data were generated to mimic the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument that is planned for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R series (GOES-R) platform. The truth simulation was conducted using multimoment bulk microphysics, explicit electrification mechanisms, and a branched lightning parameterization to produce 2-min-averaged synthetic pseudo-GLM observations at 8-km GLM resolution and at a hypothetical 1-km resolution. The OSSEs use either perfect (two-moment bulk) or imperfect (single-moment, graupel only) microphysics. One OSSE with perfect microphysics included the same electrification physics as the truth simulation to generate lightning flash rates and flash-extent densities (FED). The other OSSEs used linear relationships between flash rate and graupel echo volume as the observation operator. The assimilation of FED at 8-km horizontal resolution can effectively modulate the convection simulated at 1-km horizontal resolution by sharpening the location of reflectivity echoes and the spatial location probability of convective updrafts. Tests with zero flash rates show that the lightning assimilation can help to limit spurious deep convection, as well. Pseudo-GLM observations at 1 km further sharpen the analyses of location (updraft and reflectivity) of the relatively simple storm structure. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Mansell, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ted.mansell@noaa.gov FU NESDIS program under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320904]; Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies; NOAA-NASA FX This work was supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, through Grant NA08OAR4320904 with the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies. Computer resources were made available on the NOAA-NASA-funded JCSDA supercomputer operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Thanks are extended to David Dowell and Louis Wicker for development of the EnKF system and to Donald MacGorman and Conrad Ziegler. Comments from Greg Hakim, Fuqing Zhang, Alex Fierro, and two anonymous reviewers resulted in further improvements. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3683 EP 3695 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00061.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400010 ER PT J AU Wu, XR Li, W Han, GJ Zhang, SQ Wang, XD AF Wu, Xinrong Li, Wei Han, Guijun Zhang, Shaoqing Wang, Xidong TI A Compensatory Approach of the Fixed Localization in EnKF SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; MODEL-ERROR REPRESENTATION; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; DIFFUSION EQUATION; GLOBAL-MODEL; FORECAST; SCHEME; IMPLEMENTATION AB While fixed covariance localization can greatly increase the reliability of the background error covariance in filtering by suppressing the long-distance spurious correlations evaluated by a finite ensemble, it may degrade the assimilation quality in an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as a result of restricted longwave information. Tuning an optimal cutoff distance is usually very expensive and time consuming, especially for a general circulation model (GCM). Here the authors present an approach to compensate the demerit in fixed localization. At each analysis step, after the standard EnKF is done, a multiple-scale analysis technique is used to extract longwave information from the observational residual (referred to the EnKF ensemble mean). Within a biased twin-experiment framework consisting of a global barotropical spectral model and an idealized observing system, the performance of the new method is examined. Compared to a standard EnKF, the hybrid method is superior when an overly small/large cutoff distance is used, and it has less dependence on cutoff distance. The new scheme is also able to improve short-term weather forecasts, especially when an overly large cutoff distance is used. Sensitivity studies show that caution should be taken when the new scheme is applied to a dense observing system with an overly small cutoff distance in filtering. In addition, the new scheme has a nearly equivalent computational cost to the standard EnKF; thus, it is particularly suitable for GCM applications. C1 [Wu, Xinrong; Li, Wei; Han, Guijun; Wang, Xidong] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wu, XR (reprint author), 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xinrong_wu@yahoo.com FU National Natural Science Foundation [41030854, 41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178] FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and helpful suggestions on the earlier version of this manuscript. This research is cosponsored by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation (Grants 41030854, 41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41106005, 41176003, and 41206178). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3713 EP 3733 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00369.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400012 ER PT J AU Pan, YJ Zhu, KF Xue, M Wang, XG Hu, M Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS Whitaker, JS AF Pan, Yujie Zhu, Kefeng Xue, Ming Wang, Xuguang Hu, Ming Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI A GSI-Based Coupled EnSRF-En3DVar Hybrid Data Assimilation System for the Operational Rapid Refresh Model: Tests at a Reduced Resolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; RADAR DATA; PART I; REAL OBSERVATIONS; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; RECURSIVE FILTERS AB A coupled ensemble square root filter-three-dimensional ensemble-variational hybrid (EnSRF-En3DVar) data assimilation (DA) system is developed for the operational Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecasting system. The En3DVar hybrid system employs the extended control variable method, and is built on the NCEP operational gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) framework. It is coupled with an EnSRF system for RAP, which provides ensemble perturbations. Recursive filters (RF) are used to localize ensemble covariance in both horizontal and vertical within the En3DVar. The coupled En3DVar hybrid system is evaluated with 3-h cycles over a 9-day period with active convection. All conventional observations used by operational RAP are included. The En3DVar hybrid system is run at 1/3 of the operational RAP horizontal resolution or about 40-km grid spacing, and its performance is compared to parallel GSI 3DVar and EnSRF runs using the same datasets and resolution. Short-term forecasts initialized from the 3-hourly analyses are verified against sounding and surface observations. When using equally weighted static and ensemble background error covariances and 40 ensemble members, the En3DVar hybrid system outperforms the corresponding GSI 3DVar and EnSRF. When the recursive filter coefficients are tuned to achieve a similar height-dependent localization as in the EnSRF, the En3DVar results using pure ensemble covariance are close to EnSRF. Two-way coupling between EnSRF and En3DVar did not produce noticeable improvement over one-way coupling. Downscaled precipitation forecast skill on the 13-km RAP grid from the En3DVar hybrid is better than those from GSI 3DVar analyses. C1 [Pan, Yujie; Zhu, Kefeng] Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK USA. [Pan, Yujie] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Kefeng; Xue, Ming; Weygandt, Stephen S.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming; Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hu, Ming] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Ming] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benjamin, Stanley G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Hu, Ming/E-7141-2015; Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU FAA Aviation Weather Research Program [DOC-NOAA NA080AR4320904]; MOST of China [2013CB430100]; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081]; NOAA Warn-on-Forecast program; NOAA THORPEX [NA08OAR4320904]; NASA NIP [NNX10AQ78G]; NOAA HFIP [NA12NWS4680012] FX This work was primarily supported by the FAA Aviation Weather Research Program through Grant DOC-NOAA NA080AR4320904, and by MOST of China Grant 2013CB430100. Additional support was provided by NSF Grants AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081, and by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast program. The fourth author is also supported by NOAA THORPEX NA08OAR4320904, NASA NIP NNX10AQ78G, and NOAA HFIP Grant NA12NWS4680012. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3756 EP 3780 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00242.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400014 ER PT J AU Schreck, CJ Knapp, KR Kossin, JP AF Schreck, Carl J., III Knapp, Kenneth R. Kossin, James P. TI The Impact of Best Track Discrepancies on Global Tropical Cyclone Climatologies using IBTrACS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; HURRICANE SEASON; CLIMATE NORMALS; INTENSITY; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; DATASETS AB Using the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), the climatology of tropical cyclones is compared between two global best track datasets: 1) the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) subset of IBTrACS (IBTrACS-WMO) and 2) a combination of data from the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (NHC+JTWC). Comparing the climatologies between IBTrACS-WMO and NHC+JTWC highlights some of the heterogeneities inherent in these datasets for the period of global satellite coverage 1981-2010. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of these climatologies to the choice of best track dataset. Previous studies have examined best track heterogeneities in individual regions, usually the North Atlantic and west Pacific. This study puts those regional issues into their global context. The differences between NHC+JTWC and IBTrACS-WMO are greatest in the west Pacific, where the strongest storms are substantially weaker in IBTrACS:WMO. These disparities strongly affect the global measures of tropical cyclone activity because 30% of the world's tropical cyclones form in the west Pacific. Because JTWC employs similar procedures throughout most of the globe, the comparisons in this study highlight differences between WMO agencies. For example, NHC+JTWC has more 96-kt (similar to 49 m s(-1)) storms than IBTrACS-WMO in the west Pacific but fewer in the Australian region. This discrepancy probably points to differing operational procedures between the WMO agencies in the two regions. Without better documentation of historical analysis procedures, the only way to remedy these heterogeneities will be through systematic reanalysis. C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, Carl J., III; Knapp, Kenneth R.; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM cjschrec@ncsu.edu RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) FX Paula Hennon, Michael Kruk, and Howard Diamond provided valuable inspiration for this work. We are also grateful to Ron McTaggart-Cowan, Chris Landsea, Mark Lander, and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments improved this manuscript. Schreck received support for this research from NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC). NR 75 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3881 EP 3899 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00021.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400020 ER PT J AU Dunion, JP Thorncroft, CD Velden, CS AF Dunion, Jason P. Thorncroft, Christopher D. Velden, Christopher S. TI The Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Cycle of Mature Hurricanes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; WIND STRUCTURE; INTENSITY; SIZE; RECONNAISSANCE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; IMAGERY; CLOUDS; SCHEME AB The diurnal cycle of tropical convection and the tropical cyclone (TC) cirrus canopy has been described extensively in previous studies. However, a complete understanding of the TC diurnal cycle remains elusive and is an area of ongoing research. This work describes a new technique that uses infrared satellite image differencing to examine the evolution of the TC diurnal cycle for all North Atlantic major hurricanes from 2001 to 2010. The imagery reveals cyclical pulses in the infrared cloud field that regularly propagate radially outward from the storm. These diurnal pulses begin forming in the storm's inner core near the time of sunset each day and continue to move away from the storm overnight, reaching areas several hundreds of kilometers from the circulation center by the following afternoon. A marked warming of the cloud tops occurs behind this propagating feature and there can be pronounced structural changes to a storm as it moves away from the inner core. This suggests that the TC diurnal cycle may be an important element of TC dynamics and may have relevance to TC structure and intensity change. Evidence is also presented showing the existence of statistically significant diurnal signals in TC wind radii and objective Dvorak satellite-based intensity estimates for the 10-yr hurricane dataset that was examined. Findings indicate that TC diurnal pulses are a distinguishing characteristic of the TC diurnal cycle and the repeatability of TC diurnal pulsing in time and space suggests that it may be an unrealized, yet fundamental TC process. C1 [Dunion, Jason P.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dunion, Jason P.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thorncroft, Christopher D.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Velden, Christopher S.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Dunion, JP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jason.dunion@noaa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3900 EP 3919 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00191.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400021 ER PT J AU Sahiner, MA Lysaght, PS Price, J Kirsch, PD Woicik, JC Klump, A Reehil, C Manners, WA Nabizadeh, A AF Sahiner, M. A. Lysaght, P. S. Price, J. Kirsch, P. D. Woicik, J. C. Klump, A. Reehil, C. Manners, W. A. Nabizadeh, A. TI Zr-induced structural changes in Hf1-x Zr (x) O-2 high-k thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB The local symmetries around the Hf sites in thin films of Hf1-x Zr (x) O-2/Si(100) were probed using grazing incidence extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The effects of the Zr incorporation on the local crystal symmetries were investigated using Hf L-3 EXAFS at the Beamline X23A2 of the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The Zr ratios in the various films were set to between 0.0 and 1.0. Significant changes in the local environment were observed for x = 0.25 or greater values. For x = 0.0, the film local structure around Hf sites remain in the equilibrium monoclinic phase as referenced from our previous studies on HfO2 thin films on Si(100). When Zr is introduced, tetragonal symmetry around the Hf atom appears and becomes dominant at x = 0.63. Using the EXAFS theoretical simulations and non-linear least-square fit results, the fractions of the monoclinic versus tetragonal phases were identified in each film. C1 [Sahiner, M. A.; Klump, A.; Reehil, C.; Manners, W. A.; Nabizadeh, A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Lysaght, P. S.; Price, J.; Kirsch, P. D.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sahiner, MA (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM mehmet.sahiner@shu.edu FU SEMATECH; Research Foundation of the State University of New York [FEPZ001-N2] FX This work has been supported by SEMATECH and The Research Foundation of the State University of New York, Project #: FEPZ001-N2. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 117 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s00339-013-8208-z PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AP7UH UT WOS:000342281800016 ER PT J AU Hiolski, EM Kendrick, PS Frame, ER Myers, MS Bammler, TK Beyer, RP Farin, FM Wilkerson, HW Smith, DR Marcinek, DJ Lefebvre, KA AF Hiolski, Emma M. Kendrick, Preston S. Frame, Elizabeth R. Myers, Mark S. Bammler, Theo K. Beyer, Richard P. Farin, Federico M. Wilkerson, Hui-wen Smith, Donald R. Marcinek, David J. Lefebvre, Kathi A. TI Chronic low-level domoic acid exposure alters gene transcription and impairs mitochondrial function in the CNS SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Chronic toxin exposure; Microarray; Subclinical effects ID AMINO-ACID; SEA LIONS; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; ALPHA; NEURODEGENERATION; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROTOXICITY; CALIFORNIA AB Domoic acid is an algal-derived seafood toxin that functions as a glutamate agonist and exerts excitotoxicity via overstimulation of glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA) in the central nervous system (CNS). At high (symptomatic) doses, domoic acid is well-known to cause seizures, brain lesions and memory loss; however, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the health impacts of repeated low-level (asymptomatic) exposure. Here, we investigated the impacts of low-level repetitive domoic acid exposure on gene transcription and mitochondrial function in the vertebrate CNS using a zebrafish model in order to: (1) identify transcriptional biomarkers of exposure; and (2) examine potential pathophysiology that may occur in the absence of overt excitotoxic symptoms. We found that transcription of genes related to neurological function and development were significantly altered, and that asymptomatic exposure impaired mitochondrial function. Interestingly, the transcriptome response was highly variable across the exposure duration (36 weeks), with little to no overlap of specific genes across the six exposure time points (2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 weeks). Moreover, there were no apparent similarities at any time point with the gene transcriptome profile exhibited by the glud1 mouse model of chronic moderate excess glutamate release. These results suggest that although the fundamental mechanisms of toxicity may be similar, gene transcriptome responses to domoic acid exposure do not extrapolate well between different exposure durations. However, the observed impairment of mitochondrial function based on respiration rates and mitochondrial protein content suggests that repetitive low-level exposure does have fundamental cellular level impacts that could contribute to chronic health consequences. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hiolski, Emma M.; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kendrick, Preston S.; Myers, Mark S.; Bammler, Theo K.; Beyer, Richard P.; Farin, Federico M.; Wilkerson, Hui-wen; Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth R.; Lefebvre, Kathi A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ehiolski@ucsc.edu; psk39@u.washington.edu; Elizabeth.Frame@kingcounty.gov; mark.s.myers@noaa.gov; tbammler@u.washington.edu; dbeyer@u.washington.edu; freddy@u.washington.edu; jasminew@u.washington.edu; drsmith@ucsc.edu; dmarc@uw.edu; kathi.lefebvre@noaa.gov FU Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health [ES021930]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES007033]; National Science Foundation [DGE-0809125-006, OCE-1314088] FX This work was supported by an Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) grant; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; the National Institutes of Health [ES021930]; the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES007033]; and the National Science Foundation [DGE-0809125-006 to E.M.H. and OCE-1314088]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 155 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.006 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AP7GH UT WOS:000342245300017 PM 25033243 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Oberman, JT Lin, MY Zhang, L Clifton, OE Jacob, DJ Naik, V Horowitz, LW Pinto, JP Milly, GP AF Fiore, A. M. Oberman, J. T. Lin, M. Y. Zhang, L. Clifton, O. E. Jacob, D. J. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. Pinto, J. P. Milly, G. P. TI Estimating North American background ozone in U.S. surface air with two independent global models: Variability, uncertainties, and recommendations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Background ozone; Air pollution; Air quality; Exceptional events ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; POLLUTION INFLUENCES; CHEMISTRY; POLICY; QUALITY; TRENDS; GASES AB Accurate estimates for North American background (NAB) ozone (O-3) in surface air over the United States are needed for setting and implementing an attainable national O-3 standard. These estimates rely on simulations with atmospheric chemistry-transport models that set North American anthropogenic emissions to zero, and to date have relied heavily on one global model. We examine NAB estimates for spring and summer 2006 with two independent global models (GEOS-Chem and GFDL AM3). We evaluate the base simulations, which include North American anthropogenic emissions, with mid-tropospheric O-3 retrieved from space and ground-level O-3 measurements. The models often bracket the observed values, implying value in developing a multi-model approach to estimate NAB O-3. Consistent with earlier studies, the models robustly simulate the largest nation-wide NAB levels at high-altitude western U.S. sites (seasonal average maximum daily 8-h values of similar to 40-50 ppb in spring and similar to 25 -40 ppb in summer) where it correlates with observed O-3. At these sites, a 27-year GFDL AM3 simulation simulates observed O-3 events above 60 ppb and indicates that year-to-year variations in NAB O-3 influence their annual frequency (with NAB contributing 50-60 ppb or more during individual events). During summer over the eastern United States (EUS), when photochemical production from regional anthropogenic emissions peaks, NAB is largely uncorrelated with observed values and it is lower than at high-altitude sites (average values of similar to 20-30 ppb). Four processes contribute substantially to model differences in specific regions and seasons: lightning NOx biogenic isoprene emissions and chemistry, wildfires, and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. Differences in the representations of these processes within the GFDL AM3 and GEOS-Chem models contribute more to uncertainty in NAB estimates, particularly in spring when NAB is highest, than the choice of horizontal resolution within a single model (GEOS-Chem). We propose that future efforts seek to constrain these processes with targeted analysis of multi-model simulations evaluated with observations of O-3 and related species from multiple platforms, and thereby reduce the error on NAB estimates needed for air quality planning. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fiore, A. M.; Clifton, O. E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Milly, G. P.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Oberman, J. T.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm SAG, Madison, WI USA. [Lin, M. Y.; Horowitz, L. W.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab & Atmospher & Ocean, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, L.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, L.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Naik, V.] UCAR, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pinto, J. P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM amfiore@ldeo.columbia.edu; oberman.wisc@gmail.com; meiyun.lin@noaa.gov; zhanglg@pku.edu.cn; oclifton@ldeo.columbia.edu; djacob@fas.harvard.edu; Vaishali.Naik@noaa.gov; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; Pinto.joseph@epa.gov; gpm2109@columbia.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Zhang, Lin/A-6729-2008 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Zhang, Lin/0000-0003-2383-8431 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX12AF15G, NNX11AH93G]; NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program FX We acknowledge support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (NNX12AF15G to AMF; NNX11AH93G to DJJ), and the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program (JTO). We are grateful to P. Dolwick (U.S. EPA) for useful discussions and comments, and suggestions from anonymous review. The information in this article has been subjected to review by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 96 BP 284 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.045 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP7HF UT WOS:000342247700030 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP AF Bentz, Dale P. TI Activation energies of high-volume fly ash ternary blends: Hydration and setting SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Apparent activation energy; Calcium carbonate powder; High-volume fly ash; Hydration; Isothermal calorimetry; Setting ID CEMENT HYDRATION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; LIMESTONE POWDER; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SOLUBILITY; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; PASTES AB Because ready-mixed concrete is placed under a wide variety of environmental conditions, the influence of temperature on the hydration reactions and the accompanying setting process is of critical importance. While contractors are generally quite comfortable with the temperature sensitivity of conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concretes, more sustainable mixtures containing high volumes of fly ash (HVFA), for example, often present problems with delayed setting times and increased temperature sensitivity. Based on isothermal calorimetry and Vicat needle penetration measurements, this study demonstrates that the high temperature sensitivity of such HVFA mixtures can be effectively moderated by the replacement of a portion of the fly ash with a fine calcium carbonate powder. In addition to accelerating and amplifying hydration and reducing setting times at a given temperature, the presence of the fine CaCO3 powder also lowers the apparent activation energy for setting for temperatures below 25 degrees C. The reactivity of the CaCO3 in these mixtures is quantified using thermogravimetric analysis. Comparison of results for CaCO3 powders of nominal sizes of 1 mu m and 17 mu m, replacing 10% by volume of the cement in an OPC mixture, indicates that the former is highly superior in accelerating/amplifying hydration and reducing setting times. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 53 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.06.018 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AP7QP UT WOS:000342272100023 ER PT J AU Huang, J Mariotti, A Kinter, J Kumar, A AF Huang, Jin Mariotti, Annarita Kinter, Jim Kumar, Arun TI Preface to CFSv2 topical collection SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Huang, Jin] NCEP Climate Test Bed, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinter, Jim] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kumar, Arun] NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Huang, J (reprint author), NCEP Climate Test Bed, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Jin.Huang@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 2309 EP 2309 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2316-0 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0SS UT WOS:000342493600038 ER PT J AU Sweetman, CJ Sutton, TT Vecchione, M Latour, RJ AF Sweetman, C. J. Sutton, T. T. Vecchione, M. Latour, R. J. TI Diet composition of Bathylagus euryops (Osmeriformes: Bathylagidae) along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Diet composition; Mid-ocean ridges; Mesopelagic zone; Bathypelagic zone; Ontogeny; Vertical migration ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; DEEP-SEA FISHES; ROCKALL TROUGH; PELAGIC FISH; ZOOPLANKTON; PARASITES; ARGENTINIFORMES; MICROSTOMATIDAE; JELLYFISH; PREDATION AB The northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from Iceland to the Azores (MAR), is the largest topographical feature in the Atlantic Ocean. Despite its size, few studies have described dietary patterns of pelagic fishes along the MAR. MAR-ECO, a Census of Marine Life field project, aimed to describe the food web structure of abundant fish species along the ridge through a series of research expeditions to the MAR. Among the midwater fishes sampled during the MAR-ECO project, Bathylagus euryops (Osmeriformes: Bathylagidae) was the biomass-dominant pelagic species and ranked third in total abundance. In this paper, we describe the dietary composition of B. euryops along the MAR. Overall, copepods represented the dominant prey group consumed by B. euryops. Multivariate analyses, including a cluster analysis and a canonical correspondence analysis, revealed that fish size significantly influenced the diet of B. euryops with ostracods representing the most important prey group at small sizes (< 95 mm) and decapod shrimp and calanoid copepods becoming more important with increasing fish size. Due to the high abundance and biomass observed along the MAR combined with its role as a link for energy transfer between zooplankton and higher trophic level predators, B. euryops appears to be an ecologically important species in the oceanic food web of the North Atlantic Ocean. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sweetman, C. J.; Latour, R. J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Sutton, T. T.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sweetman, CJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM cjsweetman@vims.edu FU MAR-ECO, a Census of Marine Life Field Project; NSF Division of Ocean Sciences - Biological Oceanography Program [OCE 0623551]; VIMS Office of Academic Studies FX The authors thank the crew of the R/V G.O. Sars for their support of the collecting activities as well as the science party for processing the samples at sea. We also acknowledge the efforts of the MAR-ECO steering committee, particularly Odd Aksel Bergstad and Tone Falkenhaug, for providing the research platforms which made this study possible. E. Hilton, D. Steinberg, K. Parsons, and J. Kidwell provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided by MAR-ECO, a Census of Marine Life Field Project, and from the NSF Division of Ocean Sciences - Biological Oceanography Program (OCE 0623551) and the VIMS Office of Academic Studies. This paper is contribution No. 3378 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 92 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.06.010 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AP7MA UT WOS:000342260200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Leuine, LE Vaudin, MD Skrtic, D Antonucci, JM Hoffman, KM Giuseppetti, AA Ilausky, J AF Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew J. Leuine, Lyle E. Vaudin, Mark D. Skrtic, Drago Antonucci, Joseph M. Hoffman, Kathleen M. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Ilausky, Jan TI Structural and dynamical studies of acid-mediated conversion in amorphous-calcium-phosphate based dental composites SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous calcium phosphate; ACP-based composites; Dental composites; Dental material; Acid-medicated conversion; Structure; Amorphous conversion ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; PRECURSOR PHASE; IN-VITRO; HYDROXYAPATITE; BONE; TRANSFORMATION; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Objective. To investigate the complex structural and dynamical conversion process of the amorphous-calcium-phosphate (ACP)-to-apatite transition in ACP based dental composite materials. Methods. Composite disks were prepared using zirconia hybridized ACP fillers (0.4 mass fraction) and photo-activated Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (0.6 mass fraction). We performed an investigation of the solution-mediated ACP-to-apatite conversion mechanism in controlled acidic aqueous environment with in situ ultra-small angle X-ray scattering based coherent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction, as well as other complementary techniques. Results. We established that the ACP-to-apatite conversion in ACP composites is a two-step process, owing to the sensitivity to local structural changes provided by coherent X-rays. Initially, ACP undergoes a local microstructural rearrangement without losing its amorphous character. We established the catalytic role of the acid and found the time scale of this rearrangement strongly depends on the pH of the solution, which agrees with previous findings about ACP without the polymer matrix being present. In the second step, ACP is converted to an apatitic form with the crystallinity of the formed crystallites being poor. Separately, we also confirmed that in the regular Zr-modified ACP the rate of ACP conversion to hydroxyapatite is slowed significantly compared to unmodified ACP, which is beneficial for targeted slow release of functional calcium and phosphate ions from dental composite materials. Signcance. For the first time, we were able to follow the complete solution-mediated transition process from ACP to apatite in this class of dental composites in a controlled aqueous environment. A two-step process, suggested previously, was conclusively identified. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Leuine, Lyle E.; Vaudin, Mark D.; Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Skrtic, Drago; Hoffman, Kathleen M.; Giuseppetti, Anthony A.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilausky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-1346572]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR grant) [DE 13169]; American Dental Association Foundation FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This reported work was also supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR grant DE 13169) and the American Dental Association Foundation. Donation of monomers by Esstech, Essington, PA, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1113 EP 1125 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.003 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA AP9GT UT WOS:000342387700006 PM 25082155 ER PT J AU Woodward, RT Tomberlin, D AF Woodward, Richard T. Tomberlin, David TI Practical Precautionary Resource Management Using Robust Optimization SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Precautionary management; Robust optimization; Dynamic optimization; Fisheries management; Numerical methods ID FISHERY MANAGEMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT; DECISION-MAKING; UNCERTAINTY; RISK; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSERVATION; HARVEST; SYSTEMS; UTILITY AB Uncertainties inherent in fisheries motivate a precautionary approach to management, meaning an approach specifically intended to avoid bad outcomes. Stochastic dynamic optimization models, which have been in the fisheries literature for decades, provide a framework for decision making when uncertain outcomes have known probabilities. However, most such models incorporate population dynamics models for which the parameters are assumed known. In this paper, we apply a robust optimization approach to capture a form of uncertainty nearly universal in fisheries, uncertainty regarding the values of model parameters. Our approach, developed by Nilim and El Ghaoui (Oper Res 53(5):780-798, 2005), establishes bounds on parameter values based on the available data and the degree of precaution that the decision maker chooses. To demonstrate the applicability of the method to fisheries management problems, we use a simple example, the Skeena River sockeye salmon fishery. We show that robust optimization offers a structured and computationally tractable approach to formulating precautionary harvest policies. Moreover, as better information about the resource becomes available, less conservative management is possible without reducing the level of precaution. C1 [Woodward, Richard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tomberlin, David] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Woodward, RT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM r-woodward@tamu.edu; david.tomberlin@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [R/FISH/EC-103]; Texas AgriLife Research; Cooperative State Research, Education & Extension Service, Hatch Project [TEX8604] FX This research was conducted with support from Maryland Sea Grant under award R/FISH/EC-103 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, and Texas AgriLife Research with support from the Cooperative State Research, Education & Extension Service, Hatch Project TEX8604. We acknowledge the help of Ray Hilborn who provided some of the data used in the empirical application, Michele Zinn for editorial assistance, and reviewers for many helpful comments. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 54 IS 4 BP 828 EP 839 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0348-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AP9VK UT WOS:000342428700014 PM 25117588 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Mayer, LM Thornton, KR Ravel, B AF Leri, Alessandra C. Mayer, Lawrence M. Thornton, Kathleen R. Ravel, Bruce TI Bromination of marine particulate organic matter through oxidative mechanisms SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY PRODUCED ORGANOHALOGENS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ARABIAN SEA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DISSOLVED IRON; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; PHOTOCHEMICAL CHANGES; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; LABORATORY CULTURES; NATURAL SEAWATER AB Although bromine (Br) is considered conservative in seawater, it exhibits a well established correlation with organic carbon in marine sediments. This carbon-bromine association was recently attributed to covalent bonding, with organobromine in sinking particulates providing a putative link between sedimentary organobromine and organic matter cycling in surface waters. We hypothesized that phytoplankton detritus, a major precursor of sedimentary organic matter, would be susceptible to bromination through oxidative attack. Through a series of model experiments, we demonstrate incorporation of Br into algal particulate detritus through peroxidative and photochemical mechanisms. Peroxidative bromination was enhanced by addition of exogenous bromoperoxidase, but the enzyme was not required for the reaction. Fenton-like reaction conditions also promoted bromination, especially under solar irradiation, implicating radical mechanisms in the euphotic zone as another abiotic source of brominated particulates. These reactions produced aliphatic and aromatic forms of organobromine, suggesting that lipid-and protein-rich components of algal membranes provide suitable substrates for bromination. Biogenic organobromines in certain genera of phytoplankton also appeared in both aliphatic and aromatic forms. Experimental evidence and samples from oceanic midwater sediment traps imply that the aromatic fraction is more stable than the aliphatic. These experiments establish Br as a versatile oxidant in the transformation of planktonic organic matter through both enzymatic and abiotic mechanisms. Organobromine may serve as a marker of oxidative breakdown of marine organic detritus, with the metastable component providing a short-lived indicator of early-stage oxidation. By altering the stability of aliphatic and aromatic moieties, bromination may affect the availability of organic matter to organisms, with consequences for the preservation and degradation of marine organic carbon. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Leri, Alessandra C.] Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Mayer, Lawrence M.; Thornton, Kathleen R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Marymount Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 221 E 71st St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aleri@mmm.edu FU Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX A.L. is supported by the Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors are grateful to Cindy Lee of Stony Brook University for providing sediment trap samples and access to contextual data. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 142 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.012 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ2NB UT WOS:000342622400005 ER PT J AU Rodgers, C Parveen, S Chigbu, P Jacobs, J Rhodes, M Harter-Dennis, J AF Rodgers, C. Parveen, S. Chigbu, P. Jacobs, J. Rhodes, M. Harter-Dennis, J. TI Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), seawater and sediments of the Maryland Coastal Bays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crabs; Maryland Coastal Bays; sediment and water; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus ID REAL-TIME PCR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL-FLORA; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; ESTUARINE WATERS; OYSTERS; HEMOLYMPH; INFECTIONS; STRAINS AB Aims: To determine the prevalence of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) and V. vulnificus (Vv) in blue crabs, water and sediment from the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs), USA. Methods and Results: Crab, haemolymph, sediment and seawater samples were collected monthly from four sites in MCBs from February 2012 through October 2012 with environmental parameters recorded. The most-probable-number (MPN) methodology was used to enumerate Vp and Vv with presumptive colonies and the presence of virulence markers confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results indicate that blue crabs contained both Vp and Vv at densities (7.28 and 5.43 log MPN g(-1), respectively) higher than those reported for bivalves. In addition, markers for clinically relevant strains of both species were detected in over 30% of samples. Haemolymph, sediment and seawater samples were also routinely positive for both species and clinically relevant strains, but generally at lower densities than found in crabs (4.27, 3.28, and 2.39 log MPN g(-1) per ml(-1) Vp, and 4.28, 2.49 and 2.38 log MPN g(-1) per ml(-1) Vv). Conclusions: Blue crabs concentrate Vp and Vv at levels greater than found in water or sediment. While changes in abundance associated with temperature are apparent, there is little evidence to support differences among sampling locations. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results highlight the potential for blue crab related vibriosis and the importance of proper handling, cooking and care of this popular seafood before consumption. C1 [Rodgers, C.; Parveen, S.; Harter-Dennis, J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Food Agr & Resource Sci, Food Sci & Technol PhD Program, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Chigbu, P.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Jacobs, J.; Rhodes, M.] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. RP Parveen, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol 2116, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM sparveen@umes.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award [NA11SEC4810002]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Center of Excellence in Science and Technology FX A special thanks to laboratory assistant Sylvia Ossai, the boat captain Chris Daniels, the CREST-CISCEP Post-doctoral Research Associate Dr. Andres G. Morales-Nunez, Dr. Ligia DaSilva, and LMRCSC Administrative Assistant Ms. Ida Tilghman for their assistance. This publication was made possible by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award (NA11SEC4810002) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center of Excellence in Science and Technology award to UMES. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the award recipient and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NSF. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 117 IS 4 BP 1198 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/jam.12608 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AP6VK UT WOS:000342216000026 PM 25066367 ER PT J AU Colle, R Fitzgerald, RP Laureano-Perez, L AF Colle, R. Fitzgerald, R. P. Laureano-Perez, L. TI A new determination of the Po-209 half-life SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE 209-polonium; half-life; radioactivity; decay; liquid scintillation; measurement AB A substantial 25% error in the then-known and accepted (102 +/- 5) year half-life of Po-209 was reported on in 2007. This error was detected from decay data from two separate primary standardizations of a Po-209 solution standard, which were performed approximately 12 years apart. Despite author claims that this observation was not a new half-life determination, it was nevertheless included in subsequent nuclear data evaluations and compilations to obtain a currently tabulated value of (115 +/- 13) a, computed from the median and range of the two half-life reports. A third primary standardization on the identical Po-209 solution has since been performed to derive a new half-life value of (125.2 +/- 3.3) a. This half-life determination was obtained from 30 distinct data sets over a period of 20.7 years, encompassing over 700 liquid scintillation measurements with nearly 50 counting sources all prepared from the same solution, and as obtained over a very broad range of measurement conditions (composition of cocktails, characteristics of counters, time sequencing) during five periods in 1993, 1994, 2005, and 2013. C1 [Colle, R.; Fitzgerald, R. P.; Laureano-Perez, L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcolle@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 41 IS 10 AR 105103 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/41/10/105103 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AP8VD UT WOS:000342356500011 ER PT J AU Uchida, T Ohno, Y AF Uchida, T. Ohno, Y. TI Defining the visual adaptation field for mesopic photometry: Does surrounding luminance affect peripheral adaptation? SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTNESS DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD; REACTION-TIME; LIGHT-SOURCE; GLARE; VISIBILITY AB CIE 191:2010 recommends a mesopic photometry system that defines the luminous efficiency function for peripheral visual tasks, which vary depending on the adaptation state of observers. For implementation of the system, an adaptation field to determine the adaptation state needs to be defined. To address this issue, vision experiments have been conducted to measure surrounding luminance effects on the adaptation state at a peripheral task point. The results reveal that the adaptation state depends mainly on the local luminance at the task point but there is also a small effect of the surrounding luminance. The results suggest that the surrounding luminance effect is larger than the veiling luminance predicted with existing foveal models; nevertheless, it is not significant for the mesopic luminance on uniform luminance distributions. C1 [Uchida, T.] Panasonic Corp, Osaka, Japan. [Uchida, T.; Ohno, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Uchida, T (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM uchida.tatsukiyo@jp.panasonic.com FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization in Japan [P04002] FX This study is a part of a project funded by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization in Japan (Project Number P04002). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 EI 1477-0938 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 46 IS 5 BP 520 EP 533 DI 10.1177/1477153513498084 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA AP4OT UT WOS:000342058000005 ER PT J AU Ferrucci, M Muralikrishnan, B Sawyer, D Phillips, S Petrov, P Yakovlev, Y Astrelin, A Milligan, S Palmateer, J AF Ferrucci, M. Muralikrishnan, B. Sawyer, D. Phillips, S. Petrov, P. Yakovlev, Y. Astrelin, A. Milligan, S. Palmateer, J. TI Evaluation of a laser scanner for large volume coordinate metrology: a comparison of results before and after factory calibration SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser scanner; large scale dimensional metrology; performance evaluation; contrast target ID TRACKERS; TESTS AB Large volume laser scanners are increasingly being used for a variety of dimensional metrology applications. Methods to evaluate the performance of these scanners are still under development and there are currently no documentary standards available. This paper describes the results of extensive ranging and volumetric performance tests conducted on a large volume laser scanner. The results demonstrated small but clear systematic errors that are explained in the context of a geometric error model for the instrument. The instrument was subsequently returned to the manufacturer for factory calibration. The ranging and volumetric tests were performed again and the results are compared against those obtained prior to the factory calibration. C1 [Ferrucci, M.; Muralikrishnan, B.; Sawyer, D.; Phillips, S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petrov, P.; Yakovlev, Y.; Astrelin, A.; Milligan, S.] Basis Software Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Palmateer, J.] Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ferrucci, M (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bmuralik@gmail.com OI Ferrucci, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8811-8681 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 25 IS 10 AR 105010 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/10/105010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP8VM UT WOS:000342357400010 ER PT J AU Windover, D Gil, DL Azuma, Y Fujimoto, T AF Windover, D. Gil, D. L. Azuma, Y. Fujimoto, T. TI Determining sample alignment in x-ray reflectometry using thickness and density from GaAs/AlAs multilayer certified reference materials SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE x-ray reflectivity; thickness; metrology; density; uncertainty analysis ID ROUND-ROBIN; REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE; FILMS AB X-ray reflectometry (XRR) provides researchers and manufacturers with a non-destructive way to determine thickness, roughness and density of thin films deposited on smooth substrates. Due to the nested nature of equations modeling this phenomenon, the inter-relation between instrument alignment and parameter estimation accuracy is somewhat opaque. In this study, we intentionally shift incident angle information from a high-quality XRR data set and refine a series of shifted data sets using an identical structural model to assess the effect this angle misalignment has on parameter estimation. We develop a series of calibration curves relating angle misalignment to variation in layer thickness and density for a multilayer GaAs/AlAs Certified Reference Material on a GaAs substrate. We then test the validity and robustness of several approaches of using known thickness and density parameters from this structure to calibrate instrument alignment. We find the highest sensitivity to and linearity with, measurement misalignment from buried AlAs and GaAs layers, in contrast to the surface layers, which show the most variability. This is a fortuitous result, as buried AlAs and GaAs exhibit the highest long-term stability in thickness. Therefore, it is indeed possible to use reference thickness estimates to validate XRR angle alignment accuracy. Buried layer mass density information also shows promise as a robust calibration approach. This is surprising, as electron density of buried layers is both a highly-correlated phenomenon and a subtle component within the XRR model. C1 [Windover, D.; Gil, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuma, Y.; Fujimoto, T.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Windover, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM windover@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 25 IS 10 AR 105007 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/10/105007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP8VM UT WOS:000342357400007 ER PT J AU Pattanaik, DR Kumar, A AF Pattanaik, D. R. Kumar, Arun TI Comparison of intra-seasonal forecast of Indian summer monsoon between two versions of NCEP coupled models SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; OCEAN AB The real-time forecasting of monsoon activity over India on extended range time scale (about 3 weeks) is analyzed for the monsoon season of 2012 during June to September (JJAS) by using the outputs from latest (CFSv2 [Climate Forecast System version 2]) and previous version (CFSv1 [Climate Forecast System version 1]) of NCEP coupled modeling system. The skill of monsoon rainfall forecast is found to be much better in CFSv2 than CFSv1. For the country as a whole the correlation coefficient (CC) between weekly observed and forecast rainfall departure was found to be statistically significant (99 % level) at least for 2 weeks (up to 18 days) and also having positive CC during week 3 (days 19-25) in CFSv2. The other skill scores like the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) also had better performance in CFSv2 compared to that of CFSv1. Over the four homogeneous regions of India the forecast skill is found to be better in CFSv2 with almost all four regions with CC significant at 95 % level up to 2 weeks, whereas the CFSv1 forecast had significant CC only over northwest India during week 1 (days 5-11) forecast. The improvement in CFSv2 was very prominent over central India and northwest India compared to other two regions. On the meteorological subdivision level (India is divided into 36 meteorological subdivisions) the percentage of correct category forecast was found to be much higher than the climatology normal forecast in CFSv2 as well as in CFSv1, with CFSv2 being 8-10 % higher in the category of correct to partially correct (one category out) forecast compared to that in CFSv1. Thus, it is concluded that the latest version of CFS coupled model has higher skill in predicting Indian monsoon rainfall on extended range time scale up to about 25 days. C1 [Pattanaik, D. R.] Indian Meteorol Dept, New Delhi 110003, India. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, CPC, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pattanaik, DR (reprint author), Indian Meteorol Dept, Lodhi Rd, New Delhi 110003, India. EM pattanaik_dr@yahoo.co.in NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00704-013-1071-1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP9YX UT WOS:000342439300028 ER PT J AU Churnside, AB Perkins, TT AF Churnside, Allison B. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Ultrastable atomic force microscopy: Improved force and positional stability SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Atomic force microscope; Force spectroscopy; Single-molecule biophysics; Force precision; Force stability ID SINGLE CALMODULIN MOLECULES; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; DRIFT COMPENSATION; PARTICLE TRACKING; OPTICAL-DETECTION; MEMBRANE PATCHES; PROTEIN MOLECULE AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an exciting technique for biophysical studies of single molecules, but its usefulness is limited by instrumental drift. We dramatically reduced positional drift by adding two lasers to track and thereby actively stabilize the tip and the surface. These lasers also enabled label-free optical images that were spatially aligned to the tip position. Finally, sub-pN force stability over 100 s was achieved by removing the gold coating from soft cantilevers. These enhancements to AFM instrumentation can immediately benefit research in biophysics and nanoscience. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Churnside, Allison B.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology - United States FX We thank Brad Baxley for scientific illustration and members of the Perkins group for careful reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844], and National Institute of Standards and Technology - United States. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. TTP is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics NR 100 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 EI 1873-3468 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 588 IS 19 BP 3621 EP 3630 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.033 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA AP3QJ UT WOS:000341991500013 PM 24801176 ER PT J AU Berntsen, J Oey, LY Ezer, T Greatbatch, R Xue, HJ Miyazawa, Y AF Berntsen, Jarle Oey, Lie-Yauw Ezer, Tal Greatbatch, Richard Xue, Huijie Miyazawa, Yasumasa TI Editorial-the 5th International workshop on modeling the ocean (IWMO 2013) SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; SOUTH CHINA SEA; CIRCULATION; EQUATIONS; EDDIES; GULF C1 [Berntsen, Jarle] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Greatbatch, Richard] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Xue, Huijie] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Miyazawa, Yasumasa] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Berntsen, J (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014; OI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272; Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1531 EP 1534 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0764-z PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AP6RL UT WOS:000342205000011 ER PT J AU Taylor, RH Rose, F Toher, C Levy, O Yang, K Nardelli, MB Curtarolo, S AF Taylor, Richard H. Rose, Frisco Toher, Cormac Levy, Ohad Yang, Kesong Nardelli, Marco Buongiomo Curtarolo, Stefano TI A RESTful API for exchanging materials data in the AFLOWLIB.org consortium SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High-throughput; Combinatorial materials science; Computer simulations; Materials databases; AFLOWLIB ID ELECTRONIC BAND-STRUCTURES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PLATINUM PHASE-DIAGRAM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINARY-ALLOYS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; SCINTILLATOR MATERIALS; ORDERED STRUCTURES; 1ST PRINCIPLES; THROUGHPUT AB The continued advancement of science depends on shared and reproducible data. In the field of computational materials science and rational materials design this entails the construction of large open databases of materials properties. To this end, an Application Program Interface (API) following REST principles is introduced for the AFLOWLIB.org materials data repositories consortium. AUIDs (Aflowlib Unique IDentifier) and AURLs (Aflowlib Uniform Resource Locator) are assigned to the database resources according to a well-defined protocol described herein, which enables the client to access, through appropriate queries, the desired data for post-processing. This introduces a new level of openness into the AFLOWLIB repository, allowing the community to construct high-level work-flows and tools exploiting its rich data set of calculated structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties. Furthermore, federating these tools will open the door to collaborative investigations of unprecedented scope that will dramatically accelerate the advancement of computational materials design and development. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Richard H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Taylor, Richard H.; Rose, Frisco; Toher, Cormac; Levy, Ohad] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Yang, Kesong] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Nanoengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiomo] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiomo] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Curtarolo, Stefano] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Curtarolo, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM stefano@duke.edu RI Yang, Kesong/A-8568-2012 OI Yang, Kesong/0000-0002-9691-0636 FU DOD-ONR [N00014-13-1-0635, N00014-11-1-0136, N00014-09-1-0921]; NIST [70NANB12H163]; Duke University-Center for Materials Genomics; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; BES program [EDCBEE] FX The authors thank Drs. D. Irving, G. Hart, S. Sanvito, L. Kronik, A. Kolmogorov, M. Mehl, N. Mingo, J. Carrete, A. Natan, M. Fornari, O. Isayev, A. Tropsha, K. Persson, G. Ceder, and A. Stelling for useful comments. This work is partially supported by DOD-ONR (N00014-13-1-0635, N00014-11-1-0136, N00014-09-1-0921), NIST #70NANB12H163 and by the Duke University-Center for Materials Genomics. C.T. and S.C. acknowledge partial support by DOE (DE-AC02-05CH11231), specifically the BES program under Grant #EDCBEE. The consortium AFLOWLIB.org acknowledges the Fulton Supercomputer Center and the CRAY corporation for computational assistance. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 93 BP 178 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.05.014 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AO6PT UT WOS:000341474700028 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW Mansfield, E AF Sowards, Jeffrey W. Mansfield, Elisabeth TI Corrosion of copper and steel alloys in a simulated underground storage-tank sump environment containing acid-producing bacteria SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric corrosion; Carbon steel; Copper; Microbiological corrosion; Weight loss ID ACETIC-ACID; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; MILD-STEEL; INHIBITION; VAPOR; FUELS; OIL AB We simulate corrosion observed in underground fuel storage tank systems by headspace and aqueous exposure to biotic organic acid. Carbon steel and copper were exposed to Acetobacter sp. inoculated into aqueous-ethanol solutions over a period of approximately 30 days. The steel alloy exhibited pitting corrosion and the copper alloy exhibited pitting and intergranular corrosion due to acetic acid produced by the microbes. Corrosion rates were dependent on formation of corrosion products and are ranked as follows in order of increasing magnitude: Copper-aqueous < Steel-aqueous < Copper-headspace < Steel-headspace. The laboratory test method developed here reproduces corrosion observed in practice. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sowards, Jeffrey W.; Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 87 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.07.009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AO4TR UT WOS:000341334800050 ER PT J AU Ozalp, DCT Tuna, G Kirkali, G Tunca, Z Dizdaroglu, M Can, G Arat, HE Ozerdem, A AF Ozalp, D. Ceylan Tufan Tuna, G. Kirkali, G. Tunca, Z. Dizdaroglu, M. Can, G. Arat, H. E. Ozerdem, A. TI Oxidative DNA base damage in bipolar disorder SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) CY OCT 18-21, 2014 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol C1 [Ozalp, D. Ceylan Tufan; Tunca, Z.; Can, G.; Arat, H. E.; Ozerdem, A.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey. [Tuna, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.; Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-977X EI 1873-7862 J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 SU 2 MA P.2.d.038 BP S435 EP S436 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA CT5LL UT WOS:000362851700185 ER PT J AU Ozalp, DCT Tuna, G Kirkali, G Tunca, Z Dizdaroglu, M Can, G Arat, HE Ozerdem, A AF Ozalp, D. Ceylan Tufan Tuna, G. Kirkali, G. Tunca, Z. Dizdaroglu, M. Can, G. Arat, H. E. Ozerdem, A. TI Base excision repair and oxidative DNA damage in patients with bipolar disorder SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) CY OCT 18-21, 2014 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol C1 [Ozalp, D. Ceylan Tufan; Tunca, Z.; Can, G.; Arat, H. E.; Ozerdem, A.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey. [Tuna, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.; Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-977X EI 1873-7862 J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 24 SU 2 MA P.2.d.035 BP S433 EP S434 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA CT5LL UT WOS:000362851700182 ER PT J AU Tromel, S Ryzhkov, AV Zhang, PF Simmer, C AF Troemel, Silke Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Zhang, Pengfei Simmer, Clemens TI Investigations of Backscatter Differential Phase in the Melting Layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PART I; PRECIPITATION AB Backscatter differential phase delta within the melting layer has been identified as a reliably measurable but still underutilized polarimetric variable. Polarimetric radar observations at X band in Germany and S band in the United States are presented that show maximal observed delta of 8.5 degrees at X band but up to 70 degrees at S band. Dual-frequency observations at X and C band in Germany and dual-frequency observations at C and S band in the United States are compared to explore the regional frequency dependencies of the delta signature. Theoretical simulations based on usual assumptions about the microphysical composition of the melting layer cannot reproduce the observed large values of delta at the lower-frequency bands and also underestimate the enhancements in differential reflectivity Z(DR) and reductions in the cross-correlation coefficient rho(h nu). Simulations using a two-layer T-matrix code and a simple model for the representation of accretion can, however, explain the pronounced delta signatures at S and C bands in conjunction with small delta at X band. The authors conclude that the delta signature bears information about microphysical accretion and aggregation processes in the melting layer and the degree of riming of the snowflakes aloft. C1 [Troemel, Silke] Univ Bonn, Atmospher Dynam & Predictabil Branch, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Bonn, Germany. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. RP Tromel, S (reprint author), Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM silke.troemel@uni-bonn.de RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS); NOAA-University of Oklahoma under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1143948]; Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) project - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 - German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB/TR 32] FX The research of S. Tromel was carried out within the framework of the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (http://www.herz-tb1.uni-bonn.de/). This research network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst is funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS). Alexander Ryzhkov and Pengfei Zhang were supported via funding from NOAA-University of Oklahoma Co-operative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 under the U.S. Department of Commerce and from the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1143948). We gratefully acknowledge the support of the German Weather Service for providing the radar data for Essen, the support of the Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) project funded by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft in providing the JuXPol observations, and finally the support of the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (SFB/TR 32) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) for travel funds for A. Ryzhkov to Germany and for providing the BoXPol data. The authors are thankful to the Enterprise Electronics Corporation and to Dr. Qing Cao, in particular, for providing C-band polarimetric data in Alabama. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2344 EP 2359 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0050.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR3ZS UT WOS:000343528400008 ER PT J AU Pan, L Tong, D Lee, P Kim, HC Chai, TF AF Pan, Li Tong, Daniel Lee, Pius Kim, H. -C. Chai, Tianfeng TI Assessment of NOx and O-3 forecasting performances in the US National Air Quality Forecasting Capability before and after the 2012 major emissions updates SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NOx; O-3; CMAQ; Emissions projection; NAQFC ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; UNITED-STATES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TOTAL RONO2; OZONE; PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY; RETRIEVAL; AEROSOL AB In this study, we address outdated emissions inventory problems in air quality forecasting systems. The National Emissions Inventory for NOx from area and mobile sources is projected from 2005 to 2012 and NOx from point sources is projected from 2010 to 2012, in which we find that NOx emissions from area, mobile and point sources reduce by 8.1%, 37.8% and 4.1%, respectively. The majority of the NOx emissions reduction occurs in megacities over the CONtiguous U.S. (CONUS), in which the spatial distribution pattern is generally supported by the NO2 column result retrieved from the GOME-2 satellite data. The CMAQ-predicted NOx and O-3 concentrations using updated NOx emissions were then compared to Air Quality System (AQS) ground observations in order to evaluate the updated NOx emissions inventory. The comparison showed an improvement in NOx and O-3 predictions over the CONUS. The NOx bias, in July 2011, for urban, suburban and rural land-use types was reduced by 234 ppb, 2.09 ppb and 0.57 ppb, respectively. Meanwhile, the O-3 bias is reduced by 0.92 ppb, 1.26 ppb and 1.87 ppb, respectively. However, problems remain in CMAQ for NOx and O-3 simulations despite undertaking this emissions adjustment. For example, the O-3 overestimation in CMAQ during the daytime over the CONUS decreases when the NOx underestimation increases, suggesting that in addition to the NOx emissions inventory, further study of VOC emissions, NOx chemical and physical mechanisms as well as meteorology parameters in the NAQFC is necessary. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [Pan, Li; Tong, Daniel; Lee, Pius; Kim, H. -C.; Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pan, Li; Tong, Daniel; Kim, H. -C.; Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel] George Mason Univ, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Pan, L (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Li.Pan@noaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) program [NNH14AX88 I] FX This work is partially funded by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNH14AX88 I) under the auspices of the Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) program. The authors are thankful to Drs. Armistead G. Russell, Mehmet Talat Odman and Yongtao Hu of the school of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Georgia Institute of Technology, for the many insightful discussions that richly benefited this work. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 95 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.020 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0CT UT WOS:000340977400061 ER PT J AU Lee, SH McKeen, SA Sailor, DJ AF Lee, Sang-Hyun McKeen, Stuart A. Sailor, David J. TI A regression approach for estimation of anthropogenic heat flux based on a bottom-up air pollutant emission database SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic heat; Energy balance; Urban heat islands; Urban modeling; Waste heat ID URBAN CANOPY MODEL; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; SIMULATION; PROFILES; TOKYO AB A statistical regression method is presented for estimating hourly anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) using an anthropogenic pollutant emission inventory for use in mesoscale meteorological and air-quality modeling. Based on bottom-up AHF estimated from detailed energy consumption data and anthropogenic pollutant emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the US National Emission Inventory year 2005 (NEI-2005), a robust regression relation between the AHF and the pollutant emissions is obtained for Houston. This relation is a combination of two power functions (Y = aX(b)) relating CO and NOx emissions to AHF, giving a determinant coefficient (R-2) of 0.72. The AHF for Houston derived from the regression relation has high temporal (R = 0.91) and spatial (R = 0.83) correlations with the bottom-up AHF. Hourly AHF for the whole US in summer is estimated by applying the regression relation to the NEI-2005 summer pollutant emissions with a high spatial resolution of 4-km. The summer daily mean AHF range 10-40 W m(-2) on a 4 x 4 km(2) grid scale with maximum heat fluxes of 50-140 W m(-2) for major US cities. The AHFs derived from the regression relations between the bottom-up AHF and either CO or NOx emissions show a small difference of less than 5% (4.7 W m(-2)) in city-scale daily mean AHF, and similar R-2 statistics, compared to results from their combination. Thus, emissions of either species can be used to estimate AHF in the US cities. An hourly AHF inventory at 4 x 4 km(2) resolution over the entire US based on the combined regression is derived and made publicly available for use in mesoscale numerical modeling. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Sang-Hyun] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Gongju 314701, South Korea. [McKeen, Stuart A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McKeen, Stuart A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sailor, David J.] Portland State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Gongju 314701, South Korea. EM sanghyun@kongju.ac.kr RI Lee, Sang-Hyun/B-5974-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sailor, David/0000-0003-1720-8214 FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER [2012-3081]; US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality FX The authors acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We also thank Dr. Steven Peckham at NOAA/ESRL for his technical assistance. This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3081. Part of this work (S.A. McKeen) is supported by the US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 95 BP 629 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO0CT UT WOS:000340977400063 ER PT J AU Pennington, PL Harper-Laux, H Sapozhnikova, Y Fulton, MH AF Pennington, Paul L. Harper-Laux, Heather Sapozhnikova, Yelena Fulton, Michael H. TI Environmental effects and fate of the insecticide bifenthrin in a salt-marsh mesocosm SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Mesocosm; Bifenthrin; Grass shrimp; Sheepshead minnows; Estuarine ID MODULAR ESTUARINE MESOCOSM; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; AQUATIC TOXICITY; GRASS SHRIMP; LETHAL; CHANNELS; GROWTH AB Bifenthrin is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is often applied to crops, turf, and residential structures for the control of insects. Like other insecticides, bifenthrin has the potential to contaminate bodies of water that are adjacent to the application site via spray drift and runoff during storm events. The objective of this study was to examine the lethal and sublethal effects of bifenthrin on grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus in a 28 d mesocosm experiment under estuarine conditions. Endpoints included mortality and growth and the oxidative stress biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and catalase. In the mesocosm experiment, 24 h and 96 h caged shrimp LC50S were 0.061 and 0.051 mu g L-1, respectively. The uncaged grass shrimp 28 d LC50 was 0.062 mu g L-1. Fifty percent mortality was not reached in the uncaged sheepshead minnow. Bifenthrin did not have a significant effect on the growth of the shrimp, but there was an increasing impact on fish growth. However, it is uncertain as to whether this pattern is a direct effect of the chemical or if it is due to increased food availability resulting from mortality in prey species. The oxidative stress assays were largely inconclusive. Bifenthrin was eliminated rapidly from the water column and readily partitioned to sediments. The LC50S for adult and larval P. pugio were below published Estimated Environmental Concentration (EEC) values and were within the range of bifenthrin concentrations that have been measured in rivers, channels, and creeks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pennington, Paul L.; Fulton, Michael H.] NOAAs Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Harper-Laux, Heather] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, Contractor NOAA, Charleston, SC USA. RP Pennington, PL (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.pennington@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2014 VL 112 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.047 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN6ES UT WOS:000340688300003 PM 25048883 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Manion, JA Hayes, CJ AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. Manion, Jeffrey A. Hayes, Carrigan J. TI Data Formats for Elementary Gas Phase Kinetics, Part 1: Unique Representations of Species at the Molecular Level SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATICS; IDENTIFIER; CHEMISTRY; STANDARD AB Standardized electronic formats for data are needed to efficiently and transparently communicate the results of scientific studies. A format for the unique identification of chemical species is a requirement in the field of chemistry, and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) has been widely adopted for this purpose. The InChI identifier has proved to be very useful. The InChI identifier, however, is currently insufficient to uniquely specify some types of molecular entities at a detailed molecular level needed to fully characterize their chemical nature, to differentiate between chemically distinct conformers, to uniquely identify structures used in quantum chemical calculations, and to completely describe elementary chemical reactions. To address this limitation, we propose an augmented form of InChI, denoted as InChI-ER, which contains additional optional layers that allow the unique and unambiguous identification of molecules at a detailed molecular level. The new layers proposed herein are optional extensions of the existing InChI formalism and, like all other InChI layers, would not interfere with InChI identifiers currently in use. The focus of the present work is the better specification of required molecular entities such as rotational conformations, ring conformations, and electronic states. In companion articles, we propose additional reaction layers using an extended InChI format that will enable the unique identification of elementary chemical reactions, including specification of associated transition states, specification of the changes in bonds that occur during reaction, and classification of reaction types. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayes, Carrigan J.] Otterbein Univ, Dept Chem, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. RP Burgess, DR (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 46 IS 10 BP 640 EP 650 DI 10.1002/kin.20875 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AO3RH UT WOS:000341251700007 ER PT J AU Roehling, JD Rochester, CW Ro, HW Wang, P Majewski, J Batenburg, KJ Arslan, I Delongchamp, DM Moule, AJ AF Roehling, John D. Rochester, Christopher W. Ro, Hyun Wook Wang, Peng Majewski, Jaroslaw Batenburg, K. Joost Arslan, Ilke Delongchamp, Dean M. Moule, Adam J. TI Material Profile Influences in Bulk-Heterojunctions SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blends; bulk-heterojunction; electron microscopy; miscibility; morphology; structure; vertical-segregation ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; MIXTURES; REFLECTIVITY AB The morphology in mixed bulk-heterojunction films are compared using three different quantitative measurement techniques. We compare the vertical composition changes using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron tomography and neutron and x-ray reflectometry. The three measurement techniques yield qualitatively comparable vertical concentration measurements. The presence of a metal cathode during thermal annealing is observed to alter the fullerene concentration throughout the thickness of the film for all measurements. However, the absolute vertical concentration of fullerene is quantitatively different for the three measurements. The origin of the quantitative measurement differences is discussed. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Roehling, John D.; Rochester, Christopher W.; Moule, Adam J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ro, Hyun Wook; Delongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Peng; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Batenburg, K. Joost] Ctr Wiskunde & Informat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Batenburg, K. Joost] Univ Antwerp, iMinds Vis Lab, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Arslan, Ilke] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Moule, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amoule@ucdavis.edu OI Moule, Adam/0000-0003-1354-3517 FU National Science Foundation Energy for Sustainability Program [0933435]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Laboratory Directed Research & Development program at PNNL; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors thank Luna Innovations, Inc. for donating the endohedral fullerenes used in this study and Plextronics for the P3HT. They are gratefully thank the National Science Foundation Energy for Sustainability Program, Award No. 0933435. This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This research was also supported in part by Laboratory Directed Research & Development program at PNNL. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 52 IS 19 BP 1291 EP 1300 DI 10.1002/polb.23564 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AO3PY UT WOS:000341246900006 ER PT J AU Shi, HL Su, HJ Dagalakis, N AF Shi, Hongliang Su, Hai-Jun Dagalakis, Nicholas TI A stiffness model for control and analysis of a MEMS hexapod nanopositioner SO MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY LA English DT Article DE Nanopositioner; Flexure mechanism; Hexapod platform; Stiffness; Control; Kinematic model ID UTILIZING FLEXURE HINGES; DESIGN; STAGE AB This paper presents a stiffness-based kinematic model for analysis and control of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) flexure-based hexapod nanopositioner that was previously built by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI). This nanopositioner is capable of producing high-resolution motions in 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) by actuating three planar X-Y positioning stages. Given a large number of flexure-based nanopositioners, the modeling and controller design has been a challenging task due to their inherent structural complexity and difficulties in measuring 6DOF positioning accuracy. In this paper, we discuss kinematic models for developing an open loop controller and an analytical approach routine for this nanopositioner. These models include a novel model for calculating the nonlinear stiffness of the X-Y positioning stage and a stiffness-based jacobian matrix of the hexapod mechanism for the controller. Compared with Finite Element (FE) simulations, we conclude that the mean error of the X-Y stage control model is 1.93 % within a 55 mu m range of motion. To validate the control model, the top platform is commanded to trace a circle of diameter 20 mu m. The result shows a mean error of 3.38 %. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Hongliang; Su, Hai-Jun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dagalakis, Nicholas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Su, HJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM su.298@osu.edu RI Su, Haijun/B-8145-2012 OI Su, Haijun/0000-0002-3132-0213 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1144022, CMMI-1161841]; Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX The authors acknowledge Mr. Yongsik Kim from NIST for his support in providing data for the nanopositioner. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No: CMMI-1144022 and CMMI-1161841. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This research was performed in part in the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nano Fabrication Clean Room. This work was supported in part by the Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-114X J9 MECH MACH THEORY JI Mech. Mach. Theory PD OCT PY 2014 VL 80 BP 246 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2014.05.004 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AO0IT UT WOS:000340993000017 ER PT J AU Mayer, A Winkler, R Fry, L AF Mayer, Alex Winkler, Richelle Fry, Lauren TI Classification of watersheds into integrated social and biophysical indicators with clustering analysis SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Watershed hydrology; Watershed indicators; Water quality; Socio-ecological systems; Multivariate analysis ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; PARTICIPATION; ATTACHMENT; RESOURCES; RESIDENTS AB In this work, we classify watersheds in the US portion of the Great Lakes basin according to a wide range of social and environmental characteristics. Classified watershed indicators serve to provide organizing principles for prescribing effective management strategies and for developing regional scale monitoring and modeling efforts. Classifications also provide a means for synthesizing seemingly disparate ecological attributes into powerful indicators. We use a robust watershed classification scheme based on cluster analysis that integrates a set of 12 social and environmental factors chosen to reflect the state of water resources in the Great Lakes basin. We found five statistically distinct classified watershed indicators: Urban Centers, Intensive Agriculture, Cultivated Rural, Northwoods, and Lakes Destinations. Within these classifications, we distinguished relationships between impacts on water resources and biophysical, demographic, land-use, and social characteristics of the landscape. We found that agricultural areas can be divided into those with high and low water impact, and that watersheds with considerable influence of seasonal homes are further distinguished into watersheds with inland lakes and relatively high socioeconomic status, contrasted with watersheds with wetlands and relatively low socioeconomic status. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayer, Alex] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Winkler, Richelle] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Social Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fry, Lauren] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mayer, A (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM asmayer@mtu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0725636] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0725636. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We are grateful for the comments of the anonymous reviewers, which have resulted in much improved manuscript. We acknowledge the Applied Population Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, for providing a portion of the GIS analysis. We further acknowledge Dale Robertson of the United States Geological Survey for providing output from the SPARROW model. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 45 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.030 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AN0ZI UT WOS:000340312100037 ER PT J AU McDermott, RJ AF McDermott, Randall J. TI A velocity divergence constraint for large-eddy simulation of low-Mach flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Large-eddy simulation; LES; Low-Mach flow; Projection scheme; Divergence constraint ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TURBULENT FLOWS; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; MODEL; GRIDS AB The velocity divergence (rate of fluid volumetric expansion) is a flow field quantity of fundamental importance in low-Mach flows. It directly affects the local mass density and therefore the local temperature through the equation of state. In this paper, starting from the conservative form of the sensible enthalpy transport equation, we derive a discrete divergence constraint for use in large-eddy simulation (LES) of low-Mach flows. The result accounts for numerical transport of mass and energy, which is difficult to eliminate in relatively coarse, engineering LES calculations when total variation diminishing (TVD) scalar transport schemes are employed. Without the correction terms derived here, unresolved (numerical) mixing of gas species with different heat capacities or molecular weights may lead to erroneous mixture temperatures and ultimately to an imbalance in the energy budget. The new formulation is implemented in a publicly available LES code called the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Accuracy of the flow solver for transport is demonstrated using the method of manufactured solutions. The conservation properties of the present scheme are demonstrated on two simple energy budget test cases, one involving a small fire in a compartment with natural ventilation and another involving mixing of two gases with different thermal properties. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.mcdermott@nist.gov OI McDermott, Randall/0000-0003-3815-3400 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 274 BP 413 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.06.019 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AN1IL UT WOS:000340335800022 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Janjic, Z Dudhia, J Vasic, R De Sales, F AF Xue, Yongkang Janjic, Zavisa Dudhia, Jimy Vasic, Ratko De Sales, Fernando TI A review on regional dynamical downscaling in intraseasonal to seasonal simulation/prediction and major factors that affect downscaling ability SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Regional climate models; Dynamic downscaling ID LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; LATERAL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LIMITED-AREA MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; PART I; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; EAST-ASIA; MONSOON DEVELOPMENT AB Regional climate models (RCMs) have been developed and extensively applied for dynamically downscaling coarse resolution information from different sources, such as general circulation models (GCMs) and reanalyses, for different purposes including past climate simulations and future climate projection. Thus far, the nature, the methods, and a number of crucial issues concerning the use of dynamic downscaling are still not well understood. The most important issue is whether, and if so, under what conditions dynamic downscaling is really capable of adding more information at different scales compared to the GCM or reanalysis that imposes lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) to the RCMs. There are controversies regarding the downscaling ability. In this review paper we present several factors that have consistently demonstrated strong impact on dynamic downscaling ability in intraseasonal and seasonal simulations/predictions and future projection. Those factors include setting of the RCM experiment (e.g. imposed LBC quality, domain size and position, LBC coupling, and horizontal resolution); as well as physical processes, mainly convective schemes and vegetation and soil processes that include initializations, vegetation specifications, and planetary boundary layer and surface coupling. These studies indicate that RCMs have downscaling ability in some aspects but only under certain conditions. Any significant weaknesses in one of these aspects would cause an RCM to lose its dynamic downscaling ability. This paper also briefly presents challenges faced in current RCM dynamic downscaling and future prospective, which cover the application of coupled ocean-atmosphere RCMs, ensemble applications, and future projections. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Yongkang; De Sales, Fernando] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Janjic, Zavisa; Vasic, Ratko] NOAA, NCEP, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1115506]; NASA [NNX10AO97G]; NASA FAU [444067-GK-22701] FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1115506, NASA NNX10AO97G, and NASA FAU 444067-GK-22701. We appreciate Dr. Swen Franz Brands of Spain for providing their figures for this paper. Comments from two reviewers also helped improve the manuscript NR 150 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 147 BP 68 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.05.001 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN0VZ UT WOS:000340303400007 ER PT J AU Campos, EF Ware, R Joe, P Hudak, D AF Campos, Edwin F. Ware, Randolph Joe, Paul Hudak, David TI Monitoring water phase dynamics in winter clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud; Microwave radiometer; Mixed phase; Supercooled droplet; Snowstorm ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; SEEDING PARAMETERIZATION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; SENSITIVITY TESTS; HUMIDITY PROFILES; MILLIMETER-WAVE; VAPOR PROFILES; LIQUID; RETRIEVALS AB This work presents observations of water phase dynamics that demonstrate the theoretical Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen concepts in mixed-phase winter storms. The work analyzes vertical profiles of air vapor pressure, and equilibrium vapor pressure over liquid water and ice. Based only on the magnitude ranking of these vapor pressures, we identified conditions where liquid droplets and ice particles grow or deplete simultaneously, as well as the conditions where droplets evaporate and ice particles grow by vapor diffusion. The method is applied to ground-based remote-sensing observations during two snowstorms, using two distinct microwave profiling radiometers operating in different climatic regions (North American Central High Plains and Great Lakes). The results are compared with independent microwave radiometer retrievals of vertically integrated liquid water, cloud-base estimates from a co-located ceilometer, reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity observations by nearby vertically pointing radars, and radiometer estimates of liquid water layers aloft. This work thus makes a positive contribution toward monitoring and nowcasting the evolution of supercooled droplets in winter clouds. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Campos, Edwin F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ware, Randolph] Radiometrics Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Ware, Randolph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ware, Randolph] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joe, Paul; Hudak, David] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Campos, EF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab CELS EVS, 9700 South Cass Ave,Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ecampos@anl.gov RI Campos, Edwin/A-5601-2008 OI Campos, Edwin/0000-0003-3766-7485 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Radiometer observations for the snowstorm on 14 February 2008 are part of the dataset continually collected at the Radiometrics Corporation facilities. Radiometer and radar observations for the snowstorm on 23 February 2006 are part of the dataset collected for the Canadian CloudSat Calipso Validation Project (C3VP), at Environment Canada. We thank Mr. Peter Rodriguez (from Environment Canada) for maintaining the C3VP database and making it available to us. Dr. Emil Constantinescu (from Argonne National Laboratory) kindly assisted us in the computation of cumulative probability distributions by kernel density estimators. We are indebted to Prof. Frederic Fabry (from McGill University) for providing us with displays of the X-band radar data during the C3VP field campaigns. We are also grateful to Dr. William Brown (from NCAR-EOL) for providing Fig. 9. We express thanks to Dr. Alexei Korolev and another anonymous colleague (both from Environment Canada) for reviewing an early version of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 147 BP 86 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.008 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN0VZ UT WOS:000340303400008 ER PT J AU Rolph, GD Ngan, F Draxler, RR AF Rolph, G. D. Ngan, F. Draxler, R. R. TI Modeling the fallout from stabilized nuclear clouds using the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HYSPLIT; Dispersion modeling; Nuclear fallout; Deposition ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; SMOKE FORECASTING SYSTEM; POINT-SOURCE; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; VERIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; TESTS; SITE AB The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Air Resources Laboratory, has been configured to simulate the dispersion and deposition of nuclear materials from a surface-based nuclear detonation using publicly available information on nuclear explosions. Much of the information was obtained from "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons" by Glasstone and Dolan (1977). The model was evaluated against the measurements of nuclear fallout from six nuclear tests conducted between 1951 and 1957 at the Nevada Test Site using the global NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project (NNRP) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological data as input. The model was able to reproduce the general direction and deposition patterns using the coarse NNRP data with Figure of Merit in Space (FMS - the percent overlap between predicted and measured deposition patterns) scores in excess of 50% for four of six simulations for the smallest dose rate contour, with FMS scores declining for higher dose rate contours. When WRF meteorological data were used the FMS scores were 5-20% higher in five of the six simulations, especially at the higher dose rate contours. The one WRF simulation where the scores declined slightly (10-30%) was also the best scoring simulation when using the NNRP data. When compared with measurements of dose rate and time of arrival from the Town Data Base (Thompson et al., 1994), similar results were found with the WRF simulations providing better results for four of six simulations. The overall result was that the different plume simulations using WRF data had more consistent performance than the plume simulations using NNRP data fields. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rolph, G. D.; Ngan, F.; Draxler, R. R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NCWCP R ARL, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ngan, F.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD USA. RP Rolph, GD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NCWCP R ARL, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM glenn.rolph@noaa.gov RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X EI 1879-1700 J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.05.006 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AM9SK UT WOS:000340221100007 PM 24878719 ER PT J AU Yan, YG Wong-Ng, W Li, L Levin, I Kaduk, JA Suchomel, MR Sun, X Tan, GJ Tang, XF AF Yan, Y. G. Wong-Ng, W. Li, L. Levin, I. Kaduk, J. A. Suchomel, M. R. Sun, X. Tan, G. J. Tang, X. F. TI Structures and thermoelectric properties of double-filled (CaxCe1-x)Fe4Sb12 skutterudites SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Double-filled skutterudites; Rietveld refinements; Thermoelectric properties; First principles calculations ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ANTIMONIDES; SYSTEM AB The structures and thermoelectric properties of the double-filled (CaxCe1-x)Pe(4)Sb(12) series (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) have been studied using a combined experimental and computational methods. Compounds of (CaxCe1-x)Fe4Sb12 were obtained only for x=0, 0.5, and 1. Composition with x=0.25 was found to be a mixture of x=0 and 0.5 compounds, and composition with x=0.75 was found to be a mixture of x=1 and 0.5 compounds, respectively. Our conclusions on phase formation are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In Ca(0.5)Ce(0.5)Pe(4)Sb(12), Ca substitution in the Ce site of CeFe4Sb12 leads to high hole concentrations, resulting in stronger semimetal transport as compared to CeFe4Sb12. Ca0.5Ce0.5Fe4Sb12 yields a slightly higher ZT value than that of CeFe4Sb12, which is attributed to its lower lattice thermal conductivity. Phonon mode calculations adopting a three-particle bending model suggest that thermal conductivity is reduced upon Ca substitution because of an additional vibration mode which involves both Ca and Ce atoms. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Yan, Y. G.; Sun, X.; Tan, G. J.; Tang, X. F.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yan, Y. G.; Wong-Ng, W.; Li, L.; Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Suchomel, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tang, XF (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM tangxf@whut.edu.cn RI Tan, Gangjian/M-3509-2014; Suchomel, Matthew/C-5491-2015; OI Tan, Gangjian/0000-0002-9087-4048; SUCHOMEL, Matthew/0000-0002-9500-5079 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [51002112]; International Science 82 Technology Cooperation Program of China [2011DFB60150]; 111 Project [B07040]; 973 program [2013CB632502] FX This work was partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China Grant no. 51002112 and International Science 82 Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant no. 2011DFB60150) along with 111 Project (Grant no. B07040) and 973 program under Grant no. 2013CB632502. ICDD is thanked for the partial support through the Grants-in Aid program. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 218 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.06.042 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AM6PL UT WOS:000339987000032 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Frazier, BS Adams, DH Ulrich, GF Jones, CM Hoffmayer, ER Campbell, MD AF Driggers, William B., III Frazier, Bryan S. Adams, Douglas H. Ulrich, Glenn F. Jones, Christian M. Hoffmayer, Eric R. Campbell, Matthew D. TI Site fidelity of migratory bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo (L. 1758) to specific estuaries in South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bonnethead; Habitat utilization; Movement patterns; Residency; Site fidelity ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HABITAT USE; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; HAMMERHEAD SHARK; FEEDING-HABITS; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; WHITE SHARKS AB To examine the migratory patterns, habitat utilization and residency of bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo (L 1758)) in estuarine systems within coastal South Carolina, a tag-recapture experiment was conducted from 1998 to 2012 during which 2300 individuals were tagged. To assess the intra and inter-annual movements of tagged sharks, six estuaries within state waters were monitored using multiple gear types in addition to the cooperative efforts of recreational anglers throughout the southeastern United States. Over the course of the experiment 177 bonnetheads were recaptured after 3 days to 8.9 years at liberty, representing a recapture rate of approximately 8%. All bonnetheads were recaptured within the same estuary where they were originally tagged on intra and/or inter-annual scales, with the exception of six individuals, which were recaptured during migratory periods (i.e. late fall, winter and spring) in coastal waters off Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. On 23 occasions cohesion was demonstrated by groups ranging in size from 2 to 5 individuals that were tagged together and recaptured together, with times at liberty ranging from 12 days to 3.6 years. Additionally, 13 individuals were recaptured multiple times with times at liberty ranging from 12 days to 8.9 years; all individuals were recaptured in the same estuary where they were initially tagged. We hypothesize that bonnetheads are using South Carolina's estuaries as summer feeding grounds due to the relatively high abundance of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), including ovigerous females during spring and summer months, and the location of these ephemeral yet predictable feeding areas is socially transmitted to relatively young, naive sharks by experienced, older individuals. The high degree of intra and inter-annual site fidelity demonstrated by bonnetheads in this region offers unique opportunities for in situ study of various aspects of the biology of this species, including identification of essential habitats, growth, homing mechanisms, mortality rates, movement patterns and social behavior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Jones, Christian M.; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Campbell, Matthew D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Frazier, Bryan S.; Ulrich, Glenn F.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Adams, Douglas H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 FU Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey; South Carolina State Recreational Fisheries Advisory Committee FX We thank Karl Brenkert, Henry Davega, Carrie Hendrix, Doug Mellichamp, Doug Oakley, Catherine Riley, Ashley Shaw and Paul Tucker for their assistance during the field portion of this study and the Inshore Fisheries Division of SCDNR for use of the trammel net data. We also thank Cami McCandless, Pat Turner, Nancy Kohler and Ruth Briggs with the NMFS Apex Program for providing tags. Aspects of this work were funded in part by the Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey and the South Carolina State Recreational Fisheries Advisory Committee. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 459 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.05.006 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL4TU UT WOS:000339128500009 ER PT J AU Jarvis, JC Moore, KA Kenworthy, WJ AF Jarvis, Jessie C. Moore, Kenneth A. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Persistence of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) seeds in the sediment seed bank SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seagrass; Zostera marina; Mixed-annual; Seed bank; Viability; Persistence ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SEAGRASS; GERMINATION; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; DISPERSAL; VIABILITY; GROWTH AB Two separate field experiments in the Newport River/Back Sound, North Carolina (NC) and the lower Chesapeake Bay (CB), Virginia were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to quantify the effects of time (6, 12, 15 months), seed source (mixed-annual, perennial NC; perennial CB), site (local environmental factors), and sediment type (fine, coarse) on the persistence of Zostera marina seeds in the sediment seed bank. It is here, at the southern limit of the species distribution along the western Atlantic, that the probability of population loss may be high and the importance of a seed bank in the resilience and recovery of these populations great Experimental results indicate that viability of both NC and CB seeds decreased significantly after just 6 months in the sediment following the seasonal period of maximum germination and continued to decline over time with no seeds viable remaining in CB cores and <5% of seeds remaining viable after 15 months in NC treatments. In these experiments time was the overriding factor affecting the persistence Z. marina seed banks for all treatments in both NC and CB and viability was not significantly affected by seed source, site, or sediment type. Based on the results of the in situ experiments, mixed-annual and perennial Zostera marina populations in North Carolina and perennial populations in Virginia produce transient seed banks (seeds viable <12 months). The lack of a persistent seed bank may reduce the resilience of Z. marina at the limits of the species distribution to repeated stress events. As a result these populations may be particularly susceptible to disturbance with only a limited capacity for recovery if sexual reproduction is impaired. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jarvis, Jessie C.; Moore, Kenneth A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Jarvis, JC (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. EM jessie.jarvis@jcu.edu.au; moore@vims.edu; Jud.Kenworthy@gmail.com RI Jarvis, Jessie/M-5929-2013 OI Jarvis, Jessie/0000-0001-8467-0287 FU National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Virginia Institute of Marine Science Graduate Research Assistantship Program; Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William Mary [3369] FX The authors would like to thank the National Estuarine Research Reserve Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Graduate Research Assistantship Program for funding. Field and laboratory support was provided by the Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NCCOS, NOS, NOAA. We would also like to thank Erin Shields, Brittany Haywood, Giuseppe Di Carlo, Brooke Landry, and Brandon Jarvis for field and laboratory assistance. This is contribution number 3369 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. [ST] NR 89 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 459 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.05.024 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AL4TU UT WOS:000339128500016 ER PT J AU Maunder, MN Crone, PR Valero, JL Semmens, BX AF Maunder, M. N. Crone, P. R. Valero, J. L. Semmens, B. X. TI Selectivity: Theory, estimation, and application in fishery stock assessment models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Maunder, M. N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, M. N.; Crone, P. R.; Valero, J. L.; Semmens, B. X.] CAPAM, La Jolla, CA USA. [Crone, P. R.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Semmens, B. X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Maunder, MN (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.03.017 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800001 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Williams, EH Cheshire, RT AF Schueller, Amy M. Williams, Erik H. Cheshire, Robin T. TI A proposed, tested, and applied adjustment to account for bias in growth parameter estimates due to selectivity SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selectivity; Stock assessment; Growth; von Bertalanffy; Menhaden ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; SAMPLING BIAS; GULF MENHADEN; AGE; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; MORTALITY; MODEL AB Growth information is important for stock assessments because it gives an indication of spawning stock biomass in the form of weight or fecundity, which is an important indicator of stock status, as well as being important if fitting to length composition data. Sampling for growth characteristics should include all ages and sizes in the population, but data are often only available from fishery-dependent sampling, which can lead to biased estimates of true underlying population growth parameters because of selectivity, which includes both gear selectivity and availability. Two stock assessments with the potential for biased growth because of dome-shaped selectivity and lack of fishery-independent age data are the Gulf and Atlantic menhaden assessments. The objectives of our study were (1) to develop and test a method to estimate unbiased growth parameters regardless of the selectivity of the gear used to sample ages and lengths and (2) to apply the proposed method to fit unbiased population growth parameters for Gulf and Atlantic menhaden. We propose a method to adjust for the bias in the growth curve parameters and account for missing samples at smaller and larger lengths. The proposed method was tested on simulated data and applied to data for Gulf and Atlantic menhaden. Use of the adjustments was robust and resulted in reduced bias in the growth parameter estimates with accuracy being affected by both sample size and variability in mean length at age. Increasing the sample sizes increased the accuracy of the adjustments (i.e., as the coefficient of variation (CV) for length at age increased, the accuracy of the estimates decreased). For Gulf menhaden, the parameters estimated for the unadjusted growth curve were L-infinity = 240.8, k = 0.38, t(0) = -1.14, and CV of length at age = 0.06 (assumed constant) with a total sample size of 366,710 from 1977 to 2011. For Atlantic menhaden, the parameters estimated for the unadjusted growth curve were L-infinity = 350.9, k = 0.32, t(0) = 0.83, and CV of length at age = 0.12 (assumed constant) with a total sample size of 480,668 from 1955 to 2011. The adjustment for a maximum length of capture had a large impact on the overall growth parameters for both species, while the adjustment for a minimum length of capture had less impact. Bias in the growth curve parameter estimates can be reduced by using the method outlined to account for selectivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schueller, Amy M.; Williams, Erik H.; Cheshire, Robin T.] NOAA Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), NOAA Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov; erik.williams@noaa.gov; rob.cheshire@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.023 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800004 ER PT J AU Hulson, PJF Hanselman, DH AF Hulson, Peter-John F. Hanselman, Dana H. TI Tradeoffs between bias, robustness, and common sense when choosing selectivity forms SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age-structured assessment; Fishery and survey selectivity; Life history ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; AGE; FISHERY; MODEL AB Selectivity, as a combination of gear vulnerability and fish availability, can be modeled in age-structured assessment models with simple functions that range from those that employ a small number of parameters to those that use complex and highly parameterized functions. We conducted simulations across two life history types to test whether allowing more complicated selectivity forms is both estimable and justified when compared to simpler selectivity curves with a lower number of parameters. Operating models were constructed with asymptotic and dome-shaped fishery and survey selectivity and estimation models were evaluated that used a range of complexity in fishery selectivity from the 2-parameter logistic to the highly parameterized double normal function. Results indicated that in general, uncertainty and bias in final year spawning biomass was not consistent across the life history types, the parameterizations employed, or fishing to the left or right side of the maturity curve. For instance, estimating a dome shaped selectivity for the survey when the true selectivity was asymptotic did not result in positive bias in all cases, and, estimating asymptotic fishing selectivity was not always conservative. Overall, we find that more complex selectivity functions and even time-dependent parameterizations of selectivity may be robust for short-lived species, but may not be robust when applied to long-lived species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hulson, PJF (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM pete.hulson@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.016 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800007 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Taylor, IG AF Thorson, James T. Taylor, Ian G. TI A comparison of parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric approaches to selectivity in age-structured assessment models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selectivity at age; Semi-parametric; Non-parametric; Random effect; Integrated assessment model; Cross-validation ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; CURVES AB Integrated assessment models frequently track population abundance at age, and hence account for fishery removals using a function representing fishery selectivity at age. However, fishery selectivity may have an unusual shape that does not match any parametric function. For this reason, previous research has developed flexible 'non-parametric' models for selectivity that specify a penalty on changes in selectivity as a function of age. In this study, we describe an alternative 'semi-parametric' approach to selectivity, which specifies a penalty on differences between estimated selectivity at age and a pre-specified parametric model whose parameters are freely estimated, while also using cross-validation to select the magnitude of penalty in both semi- and non-parametric models. We then compare parametric, semi-parametric, and non-parametric models using simulated data and evaluate the bias and precision of estimated depletion and fishing intensity. Results show that semi- and non-parametric models result in little decrease in precision relative to the parametric model when the parametric model matches the true data-generating process, but that the semi- and non-parametric models have less bias and greater precision when the parametric function is misspecified. As expected, the semi-parametric model reverts to its pre-specified parametric form when age-composition sample size is low but performs similarly to the non-parametric model when sample size is high. Overall, results indicate few disadvantages to using the non-parametric model given the range of simulation scenarios explored here, and that the semi-parametric model provides a selectivity specification that is intermediate between parametric and non-parametric forms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Taylor, Ian G.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.Thorson@noaa.gov; Ian.Taylor@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.002 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800008 ER PT J AU Hurtado-Ferro, F Punt, AE Hill, KT AF Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe Punt, Andre E. Hill, Kevin T. TI Use of multiple selectivity patterns as a proxy for spatial structure SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spatial structure; Selectivity; Stock assessment; Stock Synthesis; Pacific sardine ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; STOCK ASSESSMENT; PACIFIC SARDINE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; WEST-COAST; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB There is widespread recognition that spatial structure is important for fisheries stock assessment, and several efforts have been made to incorporate spatial structure into assessment models. However, most studies exploring the impact of ignoring spatial structure in stock assessments have developed population models with multiple subpopulations, rather than exploring the impact spatial dynamics may have on performance of non-spatially structured assessment methods. Furthermore, the data available for stock assessments usually do not include tagging or other data necessary to estimate movement rates. One solution to this problem is to include several fleets, each with a different selectivity pattern to represent availability, within a spatially-aggregated assessment method. In this study, the impacts of ignoring spatial structure, and the effectiveness of using multiple selectivity patterns as a proxy for spatial structure, are evaluated for the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine (or California sardine; Sardinops sagax). A spatially-explicit operating model is used to explore three spatial factors: the existence of size-dependent seasonal migrations across large geographical areas, the influx of another stock into the area of the assessed stock, and the occurrence of recruitment outside the area where it is assumed to occur. Two other factors related to data were evaluated: data availability and data collection design. The assessment model (AM) is based on the 2010 stock assessment for Pacific sardine, implemented in Stock Synthesis, and includes two seasons per year and six fleets, each with a different selectivity pattern. Ignoring spatial structure is found to negatively impact estimation performance, with seasonal movement having the largest impact. The AM compensates for ignoring movement and spatial structure by adjusting the selectivity patterns, but selectivity alone is not able to account for all biases caused by spatial structure. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hill, Kevin T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hurtado-Ferro, F (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM fhurtado@uw.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA10OAR4170075, R/LME-2] FX The authors wish to thank Kelli Johnson, Cody Szuwalski, Pamela Woods (UW), Richard Methot (NOAA), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was funded in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA10OAR4170075, Project R/LME-2. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.001 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800011 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Piner, KR Methot, RD Maunder, MN AF Lee, Hui-Hua Piner, Kevin R. Methot, Richard D., Jr. Maunder, Mark N. TI Use of likelihood profiling over a global scaling parameter to structure the population dynamics model: An example using blue marlin in the Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock assessment; Diagnostic; Selectivity pattern; Population scale; Profile likelihood ID STOCK-ASSESSMENT MODELS; AGE DATA; CATCH AB Modern stock assessment models can make use of a wide variety of data types, but measures of catch and relative abundance remain crucial to the estimates of the population abundance. Additional data types, such as the age or size composition of the catch, are useful for estimation of the age structure of the population. However, inappropriate data weightings or mis-specified selectivity process can result in the composition data asserting undue influence on the models estimate of abundance. Estimating the degree of degradation to the fit of data components from models with fixed absolute population scales provides information on the degree of influence that each component has on model results. Including additional model process in the selectivity parameterization or reducing the data weightings can be used to lessen the influence of secondary data components and therefore increase the importance of primary data components. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Methot, Richard D., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM huihua.lee@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.017 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800015 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Maunder, MN Piner, KR Aires-da-Silva, A Lee, HH AF Wang, Sheng-Ping Maunder, Mark N. Piner, Kevin R. Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre Lee, Hui-Hua TI Evaluation of virgin recruitment profiling as a diagnostic for selectivity curve structure in integrated stock assessment models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Virgin recruitment; Likelihood profile; Stock assessment; Selectivity; Diagnostic; Bigeye tuna ID AGE DATA; CATCH; SIZE AB Virgin recruitment (R-0), the equilibrium recruitment in the absence of fishing, is an often used parameter in fisheries stock assessment for scaling population size. We describe and evaluate the use of the R-0 likelihood component profile to diagnose selectivity misspecification, using simulation analysis for bigeye tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The profile is evaluated under two types of selectivity misspecification: (1) misspecified shape and (2) misspecified temporal variation. The results indicate that length-composition data can provide substantial information on R-0 estimation when the model is correctly specified, but can substantially bias estimates of absolute abundance when selectivity is misspecified. Although contradictory profiles for length-composition and abundance index data result from selectivity misspecification, they may not be useful in determining which survey or fishery selectivity is misspecified. The R-0 profile selectivity diagnostic is based on the influence of composition data on absolute abundance. However, perhaps a more problematic and difficult to detect issue is the impact of length-composition data on biomass trends. The age-structured production model diagnostic could be applied to identify bias in both absolute biomass and biomass trend caused by age- or length-composition data in the presence of model misspecification. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Sheng-Ping] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Environm Biol & Fisheries Sci, Keelung 202, Taiwan. [Maunder, Mark N.; Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Sheng-Ping; Maunder, Mark N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wang, Sheng-Ping] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Ctr Excellence Oceans, Keelung 202, Taiwan. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Environm Biol & Fisheries Sci, Keelung 202, Taiwan. EM wsp@mail.ntou.edu.tw FU International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) FX This research was carried out while Sheng-Ping Wang was a visiting scientist at the Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM) under funding from the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF). This research addresses the selectivity component of the good practices guide to stock assessment program of CAPAM. Dr. William Bayliff, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Andre E. Punt, University of Washington, U.S., and two reviewers provided comments that improved the manuscript. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.009 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800017 ER PT J AU Crone, PR Valero, JL AF Crone, Paul R. Valero, Juan L. TI Evaluation of length- vs. age-composition data and associated selectivity assumptions used in stock assessments based on robustness of derived management quantities SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Composition data; Fishery management; Selectivity; Simulation; Stock assessment; Stock Synthesis model ID NATURAL MORTALITY; ASSESSMENT MODELS; SIZE; RELIABILITY; DYNAMICS; PRECISION; CURVES; YIELD AB Modeling selectivity, the relative capture probability expressed as a function of fish age or length, in statistical catch-at-age models remains one of the most influential and uncertain parameterizations in developing robust stock assessments to provide resource management advice. Selectivity parameterization affects point estimates of management quantities and associated uncertainty, as well as the estimation of other model parameters, such as fishing and natural mortality, growth, recruitment, and spawner recruit relationships. The choice of biological data (length or age) and selectivity assumptions (length- or age-based) made by assessment analysts can directly impact final estimates of important management quantities. In this paper, Pacific mackerel and Pacific sardine stock assessments based on the integrated age-structured Stock Synthesis model are used in concert with simulation methods to evaluate the influence such decisions have on the quality (bias and precision) of estimates of maximum sustainable yield, current spawning stock biomass, and depletion. Findings from this evaluation indicate that: (1) when age data are used, the selectivity assumption (length- or age-based) was generally less influential and did not impact the quality of derived management quantities; (2) when length data are used, misspecification of selectivity generally produced more variable findings and lower quality estimates for quantities of maximum sustainable yield and current biomass; (3) estimates of depletion were generally more robust and precise, irrespective of the biological data or selectivity assumption used in the model; and (4) formal examination of selectivity as illustrated in this paper is useful for identifying other parameters potentially misspecified in the overall model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Crone, Paul R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Crone, Paul R.; Valero, Juan L.] CAPAM, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Crone, PR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM paul.crone@noaa.gov FU Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM) in La Jolla CA, USA FX This selectivity research was supported through the Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM) in La Jolla CA, USA, as part of the good practices in stock assessment modeling program. HuiHua Lee, Kevin Piner, and Kevin Hill provided helpful discussion related to the assessment data and study design. We thank Jenny McDaniel for assistance with displays and two anonymous reviewers for meaningful suggestions that helped the final preparation of the paper. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.034 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800018 ER PT J AU Legault, CM AF Legault, Christopher M. TI The ability of two age composition error distributions to estimate selectivity and spawning stock biomass in simulated stock assessments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age composition; Error distribution; Selectivity; Simulation; Stock assessment ID EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; ASSESSMENT MODELS; MORTALITY AB A simulation study was conducted that examined two different error distributions for age composition data; the multinomial and the adjusted lognormal. Across 24 different simulation cases, and 4800 total data inputs, the multinomial error distribution consistently outperformed the adjusted lognormal error distribution, even when the true error was generated from the adjusted lognormal distribution. Both error distributions had a tendency to overestimate spawning stock biomass, but the bias was more severe for the adjusted lognormal. The only scenario in which the adjusted lognormal performed better was when selectivity was mis-specified; in this circumstance, the strong positive bias associated with the adjusted lognormal compensated for model runs that forced flat selectivity when selectivity was truly domed. Model selection criteria were overly sensitive when using the adjusted lognormal error. The utility of the adjusted lognormal error distribution in stock assessments is significantly diminished by the biased nature of the estimator, high variability of estimates, and inability to properly identify the correct selectivity pattern. Stock assessments that estimate domed selectivity patterns should have simulations conducted to evaluate if this bias is present. This can be accomplished by simulating data according to the error distributions used within the stock assessment and evaluating biases in estimates of selectivity and spawning stock biomass. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Legault, CM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chris.legault@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 158 SI SI BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.12.007 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK7OO UT WOS:000338617800019 ER PT J AU Seyyedi, H Anagnostou, EN Kirstetter, PE Maggioni, V Hong, Y Gourley, JJ AF Seyyedi, Hojjat Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Maggioni, Viviana Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. TI Incorporating Surface Soil Moisture Information in Error Modeling of TRMM Passive Microwave Rainfall SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Error modeling; quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE); satellite; soil moisture ID LATITUDE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; CATCHMENT-BASED APPROACH; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; TORNE-KALIX BASIN; PRECIPITATION RADAR; ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; PILPS PHASE-2(E); RANK HISTOGRAMS; FUTURE-PLANS; LAND AB This study assesses the significance of conditioning the error modeling of The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Microwave Imager rainfall algorithm (2A12) to near-surface soil moisture data derived from a land surface model. The term "conditioning" means the model parameters' dependence on soil wetness. The Oklahoma (OK) region is used as the study area due to its relatively low vegetation and smooth terrain and the availability of high-quality in situ hydrometeorological data from the Mesonet network. The study period includes two warm seasons (March to October) from 2009 and 2010. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Severe Storms Laboratory ground radar-based National Mosaic and Quantitative Precipitation Estimation system (NMQ/Q2) is used as high-resolution (5-min/1-km) reference rainfall. The surface wetness conditions (wet, dry, and normal) were determined from surface soil moisture fields simulated by the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model forced with Q2 rainfall fields. A 2-D satellite rainfall error model, SREM2D, is used to provide the ensemble error representation of 2A12 rainfall using two different parameter calibration approaches: conditioning the SREM2D parameters to the surface soil wetness categories versus not. The statistical analysis of model-generated ensembles and associated error metrics show better performance when surface wetness information is used in SREM2D. In terms of quantification, the ensemble rainfall from the conditional SREM2D parameter calibration shows better reference rainfall encapsulation. The conditioning of SREM2D to soil wetness can apply to rainfall rate estimates from other microwave sensors on board low Earth orbiting satellites and is valuable for the forthcoming missions on precipitation (Global Precipitation Measurement) and soil moisture (Soil Moisture Active Passive). C1 [Seyyedi, Hojjat; Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Maggioni, Viviana] George Mason Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Infrastruct Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Seyyedi, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM manos@engr.uconn.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU NASA [NNX07AE31G, NNX13AF72G] FX This work was supported in part by the NASA Precipitation Science Team Grant NNX07AE31G and in part by NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission Award NNX13AF72G. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 6226 EP 6240 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2295795 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI8NC UT WOS:000337173200020 ER PT J AU Blackwell, WJ Bishop, R Cahoy, K Cohen, B Crail, C Cucurull, L Dave, P DiLiberto, M Erickson, N Fish, C Ho, SP Leslie, RV Milstein, AB Osaretin, IA AF Blackwell, William J. Bishop, Rebecca Cahoy, Kerri Cohen, Brian Crail, Clayton Cucurull, Lidia Dave, Pratik DiLiberto, Michael Erickson, Neal Fish, Chad Ho, Shu-peng Leslie, R. Vincent Milstein, Adam B. Osaretin, Idahosa A. TI Radiometer Calibration Using Colocated GPS Radio Occultation Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU); Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS); calibration; Compact Total Electron Count (TEC)/Atmosphere Global Positioning System (GPS) Sensor (CTAGS); CubeSat; Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); GPS; GPS radio occultation (RO) (GPSRO); humidity; Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS); microwave; Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration (MiRaTA); nanosatellite; precipitation; radiometer; remote sensing; RO; RO-Cal; temperature ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; MICROWAVE; TEMPERATURE; SOUNDER AB We present a new high-fidelity method of calibrating a cross-track scanning microwave radiometer using Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (GPSRO) measurements. The radiometer and GPSRO receiver periodically observe the same volume of atmosphere near the Earth's limb, and these overlapping measurements are used to calibrate the radiometer. Performance analyses show that absolute calibration accuracy better than 0.25 K is achievable for temperature sounding channels in the 50-60-GHz band for a total-power radiometer using a weakly coupled noise diode for frequent calibration and proximal GPSRO measurements for infrequent (approximately daily) calibration. The method requires GPSRO penetration depth only down to the stratosphere, thus permitting the use of a relatively small GPS antenna. Furthermore, only coarse spacecraft angular knowledge (approximately one degree rms) is required for the technique, as more precise angular knowledge can be retrieved directly from the combined radiometer and GPSRO data, assuming that the radiometer angular sampling is uniform. These features make the technique particularly well suited for implementation on a low-cost CubeSat hosting both radiometer and GPSRO receiver systems on the same spacecraft. We describe a validation platform for this calibration method, the Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration (MiRaTA) CubeSat, currently in development for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Technology Office. MiRaTA will fly a multiband radiometer and the Compact TEC/Atmosphere GPS Sensor in 2015. C1 [Blackwell, William J.; Crail, Clayton; DiLiberto, Michael; Leslie, R. Vincent; Milstein, Adam B.; Osaretin, Idahosa A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Bishop, Rebecca] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Cahoy, Kerri; Cohen, Brian; Dave, Pratik] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Erickson, Neal] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fish, Chad] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Ho, Shu-peng] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Blackwell, WJ (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM wjb@ll.mit.edu RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015; OI Milstein, Adam/0000-0001-5765-8725 FU Air Force Contract [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX Manuscript received May 21, 2013; revised November 8, 2013; accepted December 18, 2013. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 6423 EP 6433 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2296558 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI8NC UT WOS:000337173200035 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Smith, CM Dailer, ML Kawachi, M AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Smith, Celia M. Dailer, Meghan L. Kawachi, Migiwa TI Eutrophication and the dietary promotion of sea turtle tumors SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Superweeds; Luxury consumption; Invasive species; Wastewater; Coastal ecology; Ecosystem based management; Nutrient pollution; Chelonia mydas; Firbropapillomatosis ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; ARGININE-RICH; GREEN TURTLES; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MARINE TURTLES; PKR ACTIVATION; CANCER; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS AB The tumor-forming disease fibropapillomatosis (FP) has afflicted sea turtle populations for decades with no clear cause. A lineage of alpha-herpesviruses associated with these tumors has existed for millennia, suggesting environmental factors are responsible for its recent epidemiology. In previous work, we described how herpesviruses could cause FP tumors through a metabolic influx of arginine. We demonstrated the disease prevails in chronically eutrophied coastal waters, and that turtles foraging in these sites might consume arginine-enriched macroalgae. Here, we test the idea using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to describe the amino acid profiles of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) tumors and five common forage species of macroalgae from a range of eutrophic states. Tumors were notably elevated in glycine, proline, alanine, arginine, and serine and depleted in lysine when compared to baseline samples. All macroalgae from eutrophic locations had elevated arginine, and all species preferentially stored environmental nitrogen as arginine even at oligotrophic sites. From these results, we estimate adult turtles foraging at eutrophied sites increase their arginine intake 17-26 g daily, up to 14 times the background level. Arginine nitrogen increased with total macroalgae nitrogen and watershed nitrogen, and the invasive rhodophyte Hypnea musciformis significantly outperformed all other species in this respect. Our results confirm that eutrophication substantially increases the arginine content of macroalgae, which may metabolically promote latent herpesviruses and cause FP tumors in green turtles. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Smith, Celia M.; Dailer, Meghan L.; Kawachi, Migiwa] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund FX This study was supported by a grant from the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund to CMS and KSVH, and a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering to KSVH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 46 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e602 DI 10.7717/peerj.602 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5OS UT WOS:000347622400012 PM 25289187 ER PT J AU Stock, C Rodriguez, EE Sobolev, O Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Ewings, RA Taylor, JW Christianson, AD Green, MA AF Stock, C. Rodriguez, E. E. Sobolev, O. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Ewings, R. A. Taylor, J. W. Christianson, A. D. Green, M. A. TI Soft striped magnetic fluctuations competing with superconductivity in Fe1+x Te SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; IRON PNICTIDES; EXCITATIONS; CHALCOGENIDES; EVOLUTION; WAVES AB Neutron spectroscopy is used to investigate the magnetic fluctuations in Fe1+x Te-a parent compound of chalcogenide superconductors. Incommensurate "stripelike" excitations soften with increased interstitial iron concentration. The energy crossover from incommensurate to stripy fluctuations defines an apparent hourglass dispersion. Application of sum rules of neutron scattering find that the integrated intensity is inconsistent with an S = 1 Fe2+ ground state and significantly less than S = 2 predicted from weak crystal field arguments pointing towards the Fe2+ being in a superposition of orbital states. The results suggest that a highly anisotropic order competes with superconductivity in chalcogenide systems. C1 [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rodriguez, E. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sobolev, O.] FRM2 Garching, Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ewings, R. A.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Christianson, A. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Sobolev, Oleg/P-5983-2016 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; FU Royal Society of Edinburgh; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; National Science Foundation [DMR-09447720]; STFC FX We are grateful for funding from the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, STFC, and through the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-09447720). NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.121113 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AR6BM UT WOS:000343667800001 ER PT J AU Martin, MN Allen, AJ MacCuspie, RI Hackley, VA AF Martin, Matthew N. Allen, Andrew J. MacCuspie, Robert I. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Dissolution, Agglomerate Morphology, and Stability Limits of Protein-Coated Silver Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; X-RAY-SCATTERING; AGGREGATION KINETICS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANO-SILVER; SEDIMENTATION; TOXICITY; SURFACES; RELEASE; MATTER AB Little is understood regarding the impact that molecular coatings have on nanoparticle dissolution kinetics and agglomerate formation in a dilute nanoparticle dispersion. Dissolution and agglomeration processes compete in removing isolated nanoparticles from the dispersion, making quantitative time-dependent measurements of the mechanisms of nanoparticle loss particularly challenging. In this article, we present in situ ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) results, simultaneously quantifying dissolution, agglomeration, and stability limits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. When the BSA corona is disrupted, we find that the loss of silver from the nanoparticle core is well matched by a second-order kinetic rate reaction, arising from the oxidative dissolution of silver. Dissolution and agglomeration are quantified, and morphological transitions throughout the process are qualified. By probing the BSA-AgNP suspension around its stability limits, we provide insight into the destabilization mechanism by which individual particles rapidly dissolve as a whole rather than undergo slow dissolution from the aqueous interface inward, once the BSA layer is breached. Because USAXS rapidly measures over the entire nanometer to micrometer size range during the dissolution process, many insights are also gained into the stabilization of NPs by protein and its ability to protect the labile metal core from the solution environment by prohibiting the diffusion of reactive species. This approach can be extended to a wide variety of coating molecules and reactive metal nanoparticle systems to carefully survey their stability limits, revealing the likely mechanisms of coating breakdown and ensuing reactions. C1 [Martin, Matthew N.; Allen, Andrew J.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Matthew N.] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Martin, Matthew N.] Khalifa Univ, Dept Appl Math & Sci, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Martin, MN (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.n.martin@gmail.com RI Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015; OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; Division of Chemistry (CHE), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; Division of Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX M.N.M. thanks J. Pettibone, F. Zhang, and D. Wang for many helpful discussions and for manuscript review as well. We are grateful to J. Ilavsky and J. Bonevich for invaluable assistance with USAXS and TEM measurements, respectively. M.N.M. acknowledges support under the NIST American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation, under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 96 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 38 BP 11442 EP 11452 DI 10.1021/la502973z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AQ2HS UT WOS:000342607000023 PM 25137213 ER PT J AU Muramoto, S Rading, D Bush, B Gillen, G Castner, DG AF Muramoto, Shin Rading, Derk Bush, Brian Gillen, Greg Castner, David G. TI Low-temperature plasma for compositional depth profiling of crosslinking organic multilayers: comparison with C-60 and giant argon gas cluster sources SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARGES; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; SPUTTERING YIELDS; ION-BOMBARDMENT; TOF-SIMS; FILMS; PHYSICS AB RATIONALE: For organic electronics, device performance can be affected by interlayer diffusion across interfaces. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) can resolve buried structures with nanometer resolution, but instrument artifacts make this difficult. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is suggested as a way to prepare artifact-free surfaces for accurate determination of chemical diffusion. METHODS: A model organic layer system consisting of three 1 nm delta layers of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) separated by three 30 nm layers of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of LTP etching for the preparation of crater edge surfaces for subsequent compositional depth profile analysis. This was compared with depth profiles obtained using an instrument equipped with an argon cluster sputter source. RESULTS: The quality of the depth profiles was determined by comparing the depth resolutions of the BCP delta layers. The full width at half maximum gave depth resolutions of 6.9 nm and 6.0 nm using LTP, and 6.2 nm and 5.8 nm using argon clusters. In comparison, the 1/e decay length of the trailing edge gave depth resolutions of 2.0 nm and 1.8 nm using LTP, and 3.5 nm and 3.4 nm using argon clusters. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the 1/e decay lengths showed that LTP can determine the thickness and composition of the buried structures without instrument artifacts. Although it does suffer from contaminant deposition, LTP was shown to be a viable option for preparing crater edges for a more accurate determination of buried structures. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Muramoto, Shin; Bush, Brian; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rading, Derk] ION TOF GmbH, Munster, Germany. [Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Muramoto, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinichiro.muramoto@nist.gov RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X FU National ESCA & Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NIH) [EB-002027] FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with NIST. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the National ESCA & Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NIH Grant No. EB-002027), and at the University of Washington NanoTech User Facility, a member of the NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN). NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 18 BP 1971 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/rcm.6981 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AN2YS UT WOS:000340452600003 PM 25132297 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Chen, Y Reich, DH Broholm, C Xu, G Copley, JRD Cook, JC AF Stone, M. B. Chen, Y. Reich, D. H. Broholm, C. Xu, G. Copley, J. R. D. Cook, J. C. TI Magnons and continua in a magnetized and dimerized spin-1/2 chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLET-GROUND-STATE; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FIELD PHASE-TRANSITION; LINEAR-CHAIN; COMPOUND (VO)(2)P2O7; HEISENBERG CHAIN; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; EXCITATIONS AB We examine the magnetic field dependent excitations of the dimerized spin-1/2 chain, copper nitrate, with antiferromagnetic intradimer exchange J(1) = 0.44(1) meV and exchange alternation alpha = J(2)/J(1) = 0.26(2). Magnetic excitations in three distinct regimes of magnetization are probed through inelastic neutron scattering at low temperatures. At low and high fields there are three and two long-lived magnonlike modes, respectively. The number of modes and the antiphase relationship between the wave-vector dependent energy and intensity of magnon scattering reflect the distinct ground states: A singlet ground state at low fields mu H-0 < mu H-0(c1) = 2.8 T and an S-z = 1/ 2 product state at high fields mu H-0 > mu H-0(c2) = 4.2 T. In the intermediate-field regime, a continuum of scattering for (h) over bar omega approximate to J(1) is indicative of a strongly correlated gapless quantum state without coherent magnons. C1 [Stone, M. B.; Broholm, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stone, M. B.; Chen, Y.; Reich, D. H.; Broholm, C.; Xu, G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chen, Y.; Broholm, C.; Copley, J. R. D.; Cook, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stonemb@ornl.gov RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, DMR-0944772]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX A portion of this research at ORNL was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. C.B. was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreements No. DMR-0454672 and No. DMR-0944772. G.X. was supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 29 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 9 AR 094419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.094419 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AR7JP UT WOS:000343755900004 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Badwan, A Richter, CA Zhu, H Kirillov, O Ioannou, DE Li, QL AF Yuan, Hui Badwan, Ahmad Richter, Curt A. Zhu, Hao Kirillov, Oleg Ioannou, Dimitris E. Li, Qiliang TI Gate assisted Kelvin test structure to measure the electron and hole flows at the same nanowire contacts SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; DEVICES AB A gate assisted Kelvin test structure based on Si nanowire field effect transistors has been designed and fabricated for the characterization of the transistor source/drain contacts. Because the Si nanowire field effect transistors exhibit ambipolar characteristics with electron current slightly lower than the hole current, we can select the type of carriers (electrons or holes) flowing through the same contacts and adjust the current by the applied gate voltage. In this way, we are able to measure the characteristics of the same contact with either pure electron or hole flow. In addition, we found that the nanowire contacts behave very differently depending on the current flow directions. This indicates that the source and drain contact resistance can be dramatically different. Such a gate assisted Kelvin Test structure will lead to future metrology and applications in nanoelectronics. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yuan, Hui; Badwan, Ahmad; Zhu, Hao; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yuan, Hui; Richter, Curt A.; Zhu, Hao; Kirillov, Oleg] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yuan, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM hui.yuan@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU US NIST [60NANB11D148]; US NSF [ECCS-0846649] FX This work was supported in part by the US NIST Grant 60NANB11D148 and US NSF Grant ECCS-0846649. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 13 AR 133513 DI 10.1063/1.4897008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ7XA UT WOS:000343031700081 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Han, DW Rico-Ramirez, MA Islam, T AF Dai, Qiang Han, Dawei Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Islam, Tanvir TI Modelling radar-rainfall estimation uncertainties using elliptical and Archimedean copulas with different marginal distributions SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE ensemble generation; copula; rainfall uncertainties; radar-rainfall estimates ID MEAN-FIELD BIAS; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; ERROR VARIANCE; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; CALIBRATION; SCALES; RUNOFF; VERIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Given that radar-based rainfall has been broadly applied in hydrological studies, quantitative modelling of its uncertainty is critically important, as the error of input rainfall is the main source of error in hydrological modelling. Using an ensemble of rainfall estimates is an elegant solution to characterize the uncertainty of radar-based rainfall and its spatial and temporal variability. This paper has fully formulated an ensemble generator for radar precipitation estimation based on the copula method. Each ensemble member is a probable realization that represents the unknown true rainfall field based on the distribution of radar rainfall (RR) error and its spatial error structure. An uncertainty model consisting of a deterministic component and a random error factor is presented based on the distribution of gauge rainfall conditioned on the radar rainfall (GR|RR). Two kinds of copulas (elliptical and Archimedean copulas) are introduced to generate random errors, which are imposed by the deterministic component. The elliptical copulas (e.g. Gaussian and t-copula) generate the random errors based on the multivariate distribution, typically of decomposition of the error correlation matrix using the LU decomposition algorithm. The Archimedean copulas (e.g. Clayton and Gumbel) utilize the conditional dependence between different radar pixels to obtain random errors. Based on those, a case application is carried out in the Brue catchment located in southwest England. The results show that the simulated uncertainty bands of rainfall encompass most of the reference raingauge measurements with good agreement between the simulated and observed spatial dependences. This indicates that the proposed scheme is a statistically reliable method in ensemble radar rainfall generation and is a useful tool for describing radar rainfall uncertainty. [GRAPHICS] Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Grimaldi C1 [Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Water & Environm Management Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Water & Environm Management Res Ctr, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM q.dai@bristol.ac.uk RI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011 OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD SEP 28 PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1992 EP 2008 DI 10.1080/02626667.2013.865841 PG 17 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AQ8GB UT WOS:000343061200003 ER PT J AU Long, CJ Ebeling, D Solares, SD Cannara, RJ AF Long, Christian J. Ebeling, Daniel Solares, Santiago D. Cannara, Rachel J. TI Friction imprint effect in mechanically cleaved BaTiO3 (001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; CERAMICS; CONTRAST; TITANATE AB Adsorption, chemisorption, and reconstruction at the surfaces of ferroelectric materials can all contribute toward the pinning of ferroelectric polarization, which is called the electrical imprint effect. Here, we show that the opposite is also true: freshly cleaved, atomically flat surfaces of (001) oriented BaTiO3 exhibit a persistent change in surface chemistry that is driven by ferroelectric polarization. This surface modification is explored using lateral force microscopy (LFM), while the ferroelectric polarization is probed using piezoresponse force microscopy. We find that immediately after cleaving BaTiO3, LFM reveals friction contrast between ferroelectric domains. We also find that this surface modification remains after the ferroelectric domain distribution is modified, resulting in an imprint of the original ferroelectric domain distribution on the sample surface. This friction imprint effect has implications for surface patterning as well as ferroelectric device operation and failure. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Long, Christian J.; Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ebeling, Daniel] Univ Giessen, Inst Appl Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Solares, Santiago D.] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Cannara, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcannara@intven.com RI Ebeling, Daniel/C-6663-2013 OI Ebeling, Daniel/0000-0001-5829-170X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DESC0008115] FX R.J.C. thanks Fred Sharifi for insightful discussions. C.J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Work by D. E. and S. D. S. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under award # DESC0008115. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 12 AR 124107 DI 10.1063/1.4896531 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ5HZ UT WOS:000342840000062 ER PT J AU Payne, AT Chantler, CT Kinnane, MN Gillaspy, JD Hudson, LT Smale, LF Henins, A Kimpton, JA Takacs, E AF Payne, A. T. Chantler, C. T. Kinnane, M. N. Gillaspy, J. D. Hudson, L. T. Smale, L. F. Henins, A. Kimpton, J. A. Takacs, E. TI Helium-like titanium x-ray spectrum as a probe of QED computation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE helium-like; QED; x-ray spectroscopy; titanium; EBIT ID BEAM ION-TRAP; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; PROPORTIONAL-COUNTERS; BRAGG GEOMETRY; BENT CRYSTALS; PROTON; NIST; DIFFRACTION; ERROR AB We discuss the first absolute energy measurements of the intercombination and forbidden transitions (x, y, z) in trapped Ti20+ ions to 15 parts per million accuracy. We present new measurements on helium-like titanium, in which the orbital radius is reduced and QED terms are magnified by the increased nuclear charge. The measured transition energies are higher than predicted. C1 [Payne, A. T.; Chantler, C. T.; Kinnane, M. N.; Smale, L. F.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kinnane, M. N.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimpton, J. A.] Australian Synchrotron, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. [Takacs, E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Takacs, E.] Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Payne, AT (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM chantler@unimelb.edu.au NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 18 AR 185001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/18/185001 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AP4FR UT WOS:000342033100001 ER PT J AU Paynter, D Ramaswamy, V AF Paynter, D. Ramaswamy, V. TI Investigating the impact of the shortwave water vapor continuum upon climate simulations using GFDL global models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SELF-CONTINUUM; ABSORPTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; WINDOWS; CM(-1); GCM AB We have added the BPS-MTCKD 2.0 parameterization for the shortwave water vapor continuum to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) global model. We find that inclusion of the shortwave continuum in the fixed sea surface temperature case (AM3) results in a similar increase in shortwave absorption and heating rates to that seen for the "benchmark" line-by-line radiative transfer calculations. The surface energy budget adjusts to the inclusion of the shortwave continuum predominantly through a decrease in both surface latent and sensible heat. This leads to a decrease in tropical convection and a subsequent 1% reduction in tropical rainfall. The inclusion of the shortwave continuum in the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model (CM3) yields similar results, but a smaller overall reduction of 0.5% in tropical rainfall due to global warming of similar to 0.1 K linked to enhanced near-infrared absorption. We also investigated the impact of adding a stronger version of BPS-MTCKD (version 1.1) to the global climate model (GCM). In most cases we found that the GCM responds in a similar manner to both continua but that the strength of the response scales with the level of absorbed shortwave radiation. Global warming experiments were run in both AM3 and CM3. The shortwave continuum was found to cause a 7 to 15% increase in clear-sky global dimming depending upon whether the stronger or weaker continuum version was used. Neither version resulted in a significant change to the climate sensitivity. C1 [Paynter, D.; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Paynter, D (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM David.Paynter@Noaa.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 18 BP 10720 EP 10737 DI 10.1002/2014JD021881 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PO UT WOS:000344052800007 ER PT J AU Ban-Weiss, GA Jin, L Bauer, SE Bennartz, R Liu, XH Zhang, K Ming, Y Guo, H Jiang, JH AF Ban-Weiss, George A. Jin, Ling Bauer, Susanne E. Bennartz, Ralf Liu, Xiaohong Zhang, Kai Ming, Yi Guo, Huan Jiang, Jonathan H. TI Evaluating clouds, aerosols, and their interactions in three global climate models using satellite simulators and observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; DROPLET FORMATION; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; INSTRUMENT SIMULATORS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC AB Accurately representing aerosol-cloud interactions in global climate models is challenging. As parameterizations evolve, it is important to evaluate their performance with appropriate use of observations. In this investigation we compare aerosols, clouds, and their interactions in three global climate models (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-Atmosphere Model 3 (AM3), National Center for Atmospheric Research-Community Atmosphere Model 5 (CAM5), and Goddard Institute for Space Studies-ModelE2) to Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations. Modeled cloud properties are diagnosed using a MODIS simulator. Cloud droplet number concentrations (N) are computed identically from satellite-simulated and MODIS-observed values of liquid cloud optical depth and droplet effective radius. We find that aerosol optical depth (tau(a)) simulated by models is similar to observations in many regions around the globe. For N, AM3 and CAM5 capture the observed spatial pattern of higher values in coastal marine stratocumulus versus remote ocean regions, though modeled values, in general, are higher than observed. Aerosol-cloud interactions were computed as the sensitivity of ln(N) to ln(tau(a)) for coastal marine liquid clouds near South Africa (SAF) and Southeast Asia where tau(a) varies in time. AM3 and CAM5 are more sensitive than observations, while the sensitivity for ModelE2 is statistically insignificant. This widely used sensitivity could be subject to misinterpretation due to the confounding influence of meteorology on both aerosols and clouds. A simple framework for assessing the sensitivity of ln(N) to ln(tau(a)) at constant meteorology illustrates that observed sensitivity can change from positive to statistically insignificant when including the confounding influence of relative humidity. Satellite-simulated versus standard model values of N are compared; for CAM5 in SAF, standard model values are significantly lower than satellite-simulated values with a bias of 83 cm(-3). C1 [Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jin, Ling] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, Susanne E.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bennartz, Ralf] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Xiaohong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Liu, Xiaohong; Zhang, Kai] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Guo, Huan] NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jiang, Jonathan H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Ban-Weiss, GA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM banweiss@usc.edu RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Ban-Weiss, George/0000-0001-8211-2628 FU Department of Energy's (DOE) Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program via the FASTER (FAst-physics System TEstbed and Research) project; NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Climate Variability and Change [NNH08ZDA001N-MAP]; Office of Science of U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program; DOE SciDAC program on Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for BioGeochemical Cycles [ACES4BGC]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA; U.S. Department of Energy's Earth System Modeling, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory FX MODIS observations supporting Figures 1-5 and 8 are freely available from National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Global climate model data used for these figures may be made available upon request from the corresponding author. Data supporting Figures 6 and 7 can be found in the supporting information. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data are freely available from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. G.B.W. and S.B. were supported by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Earth System Modeling (ESM) Program via the FASTER (FAst-physics System TEstbed and Research) project. L.J. was supported by the NASA MAP program Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Climate Variability and Change (NNH08ZDA001N-MAP). X. L. and K.Z. were supported by the Office of Science of U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program and the DOE SciDAC program on Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for BioGeochemical Cycles (ACES4BGC). J.H.J. was supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract by NASA. Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Earth System Modeling, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. X. L. would like to acknowledge the use of computational resources (ark:/85065/ d7wd3xhc) at the NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center provided by the National Science Foundation and the State of Wyoming and supported by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. S. B. acknowledges resources supporting this work by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. For helpful discussions and guidance, we thank Surabi Menon (formerly of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), David Romps and William Collins (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley), Gijs de Boer and Robert Pincus (NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory), Jennifer Kay (National Center for Atmospheric Research), and Yangang Liu (Brookhaven National Laboratory). We acknowledge the MODIS Science Team for processing and making publically available the satellite data used in this study. We also acknowledge ECMWF for the ERA-Interim reanalysis. NR 106 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 18 BP 10876 EP 10901 DI 10.1002/2014JD021722 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PO UT WOS:000344052800017 ER PT J AU Fielding, MD Chiu, JC Hogan, RJ Feingold, G AF Fielding, Mark D. Chiu, J. Christine Hogan, Robin J. Feingold, Graham TI A novel ensemble method for retrieving properties of warm cloud in 3-D using ground-based scanning radar and zenith radiances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATUS CLOUD; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; KALMAN FILTER; OPTICAL DEPTH; PART I; MODEL; STRATOCUMULUS; ALGORITHM AB We present a novel method for retrieving high-resolution, three-dimensional (3-D) nonprecipitating cloud fields in both overcast and broken-cloud situations. The method uses scanning cloud radar and multiwavelength zenith radiances to obtain gridded 3-D liquid water content (LWC) and effective radius (r(e)) and 2-D column mean droplet number concentration (N-d). By using an adaption of the ensemble Kalman filter, radiances are used to constrain the optical properties of the clouds using a forwardmodel that employs full 3-D radiative transfer while also providing full error statistics given the uncertainty in the observations. To evaluate the new method, we first perform retrievals using synthetic measurements from a challenging cumulus cloud field produced by a large-eddy simulation snapshot. Uncertainty due to measurement error in overhead clouds is estimated at 20% in LWC and 6% in r(e), but the true error can be greater due to uncertainties in the assumed droplet size distribution and radiative transfer. Over the entire domain, LWC and r(e) are retrieved with average error 0.05-0.08 gm(-3) and similar to 2 mu m, respectively, depending on the number of radiance channels used. The method is then evaluated using real data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program Mobile Facility at the Azores. Two case studies are considered, one stratocumulus and one cumulus. Where available, the liquid water path retrieved directly above the observation site was found to be in good agreement with independent values obtained from microwave radiometer measurements, with an error of 20 gm(-2). C1 [Fielding, Mark D.; Chiu, J. Christine; Hogan, Robin J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fielding, MD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM m.d.fielding@pgr.reading.ac.uk RI Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [SC0007233]; DOE's Office of Science (BER); NOAA's Climate Goal FX ARM data is made available online through the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program at http://www.archive.arm.gov. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DE-SC0007233. G.F. acknowledges DOE's Office of Science (BER) and NOAA's Climate Goal for support. We would like to thank the Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, for hosting G.F.'s visit during summer 2013, and Javier Amezcua and Shuhua Chen for insightful discussion on the ensemble Kalman filter. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 18 BP 10912 EP 10930 DI 10.1002/2014JD021742 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PO UT WOS:000344052800019 ER PT J AU Homeyer, CR Pan, LL Dorsi, SW Avallone, LM Weinheimer, AJ O'Brien, AS DiGangi, JP Zondlo, MA Ryerson, TB Diskin, GS Campos, TL AF Homeyer, Cameron R. Pan, Laura L. Dorsi, Samuel W. Avallone, Linnea M. Weinheimer, Andrew J. O'Brien, Anthony S. DiGangi, Joshua P. Zondlo, Mark A. Ryerson, Thomas B. Diskin, Glenn S. Campos, Teresa L. TI Convective transport of water vapor into the lower stratosphere observed during double-tropopause events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER HYGROMETER; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; MIDLATITUDE CONVECTION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FAST-RESPONSE; RESOLUTION; TOP; AIRCRAFT AB We present in situ observations of convectively injected water vapor in the lower stratosphere from instruments aboard two aircraft operated during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment. Water vapor mixing ratios in the injected air are observed to be 60-225 ppmv at altitudes 1-2 km above the tropopause (350-370 K potential temperature), well above observed background mixing ratios of 5-10 ppmv in the lower stratosphere. Radar observations of the responsible convective systems show deep overshooting at altitudes up to 4 km above the lapse rate tropopause and above the flight ceilings of the aircraft. Backward trajectories from the in situ observations show that convectively injected water vapor is observed from three distinct types of systems: isolated convection, a convective line, and a leading line-trailing stratiform mesoscale convective system. Significant transport of additional tropospheric or boundary layer trace gases is observed only for the leading line-trailing stratiform case. In addition, all observations of convective injection are found to occur within large-scale double-tropopause events from poleward Rossby wave breaking. Based on this relationship, we present a hypothesis on the role of the large-scale lower stratosphere during convective overshooting. In particular, the reduced lower stratosphere stability associated with double-tropopause environments may facilitate deeper levels of overshooting and convective injection. C1 [Homeyer, Cameron R.; Pan, Laura L.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Campos, Teresa L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dorsi, Samuel W.; Avallone, Linnea M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Brien, Anthony S.; DiGangi, Joshua P.; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [DiGangi, Joshua P.; Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Homeyer, CR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM chomeyer@ou.edu RI Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the DC3 science team for access to the aircraft data and motivation for this study. We also thank Eric Jensen, John Bergman, Marta Abalos, Mike Fromm, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. The first author also thanks the Advanced Study Program (ASP) at NCAR for Postdoctoral support. All data used in this study are free and publicly available. DC3 aircraft observations and NWS radiosondes were attained at https://www.eol. ucar. edu/field_ projects/dc3/,NCEP-GFS analyses at http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/, NEXRAD WSR-88D radar observations at http://has. ncdc. noaa. gov/, DOE-ARM radiosondes at http://www. archive. arm. gov/, and Oklahoma Mesonet observations at https://www. mesonet. org. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 18 BP 10941 EP 10958 DI 10.1002/2014JD021485 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS1PO UT WOS:000344052800021 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Safronova, UI Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Safronova, U. I. Clark, Charles W. TI Relativistic all-order calculations of Th, Th+, and Th2+ atomic properties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY IONIZED THORIUM; ENERGY-LEVELS; OPTOGALVANIC SPECTRA; REFERENCE LINES; CLASSIFIED LINES; NM; URANIUM; CALIBRATION; TRANSITION; TH-229 AB Excitation energies, term designations, and g factors of Th, Th+, and Th2+ are determined using a relativistic hybrid configuration-interaction (CI) plus all-order approach that combines configuration-interaction and linearized coupled-cluster methods. The results are compared with other theoretical and experimental values where available. We find some vanishing g factors, similar to those known in lanthanide spectra. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are determined for Th2+. To estimate the uncertainties of our results, we compare our values with the available experimental lifetimes for higher 5f7p (3)G(4), 7s7p P-3(0), 7s7p P-3(1), and 6d7p F-3(4) levels of Th2+. These calculations provide a benchmark test of the CI plus all-order method for heavy systems with several valence electrons and yield recommended values for transition rates and lifetimes of Th2+. C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671] FX We thank Stephen Jordan and Joseph Reader for helpful comments. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 032512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032512 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AU4RD UT WOS:000345598400001 ER PT J AU Coggins, LG Bacheler, NM Gwinn, DC AF Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Bacheler, Nathan M. Gwinn, Daniel C. TI Occupancy Models for Monitoring Marine Fish: A Bayesian Hierarchical Approach to Model Imperfect Detection with a Novel Gear Combination SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLE DETECTION METHODS; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; RED SNAPPER; ABUNDANCE; REEF; DETECTABILITY AB Occupancy models using incidence data collected repeatedly at sites across the range of a population are increasingly employed to infer patterns and processes influencing population distribution and dynamics. While such work is common in terrestrial systems, fewer examples exist in marine applications. This disparity likely exists because the replicate samples required by these models to account for imperfect detection are often impractical to obtain when surveying aquatic organisms, particularly fishes. We employ simultaneous sampling using fish traps and novel underwater camera observations to generate the requisite replicate samples for occupancy models of red snapper, a reef fish species. Since the replicate samples are collected simultaneously by multiple sampling devices, many typical problems encountered when obtaining replicate observations are avoided. Our results suggest that augmenting traditional fish trap sampling with camera observations not only doubled the probability of detecting red snapper in reef habitats off the Southeast coast of the United States, but supplied the necessary observations to infer factors influencing population distribution and abundance while accounting for imperfect detection. We found that detection probabilities tended to be higher for camera traps than traditional fish traps. Furthermore, camera trap detections were influenced by the current direction and turbidity of the water, indicating that collecting data on these variables is important for future monitoring. These models indicate that the distribution and abundance of this species is more heavily influenced by latitude and depth than by micro-scale reef characteristics lending credence to previous characterizations of red snapper as a reef habitat generalist. This study demonstrates the utility of simultaneous sampling devices, including camera traps, in aquatic environments to inform occupancy models and account for imperfect detection when describing factors influencing fish population distribution and dynamics. C1 [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gwinn, Daniel C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM lewis_coggins@fws.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e108302 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108302 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT3UZ UT WOS:000344862300070 PM 25255325 ER PT J AU Solares, SD An, SM Long, CJ AF Solares, Santiago D. An, Sangmin Long, Christian J. TI Multi-frequency tapping-mode atomic force microscopy beyond three eigenmodes in ambient air SO BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplitude-modulation; bimodal; frequency-modulation; multi-frequency atomic force microscopy; multimodal; open loop; trimodal ID SOFT MATTER; MODULATION; ENVIRONMENTS; SURFACES AB We present an exploratory study of multimodal tapping-mode atomic force microscopy driving more than three cantilever eigenmodes. We present tetramodal (4-eigenmode) imaging experiments conducted on a thin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and computational simulations of pentamodal (5-eigenmode) cantilever dynamics and spectroscopy, focusing on the case of large amplitude ratios between the fundamental eigenmode and the higher eigenmodes. We discuss the dynamic complexities of the tip response in time and frequency space, as well as the average amplitude and phase response. We also illustrate typical images and spectroscopy curves and provide a very brief description of the observed contrast. Overall, our findings are promising in that they help to open the door to increasing sophistication and greater versatility in multi-frequency AFM through the incorporation of a larger number of driven eigenmodes, and in highlighting specific future research opportunities. C1 [Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solares, Santiago D.; An, Sangmin; Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solares, Santiago D.; An, Sangmin; Long, Christian J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Solares, SD (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ssolares@gwu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0008115]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2013R1A6A3A03063900]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX Work by SDS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Award #DESC0008115. SA acknowledges the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant No. 2013R1A6A3A03063900). SA and CJL acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT PI FRANKFURT AM MAIN PA TRAKEHNER STRASSE 7-9, FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 60487, GERMANY SN 2190-4286 J9 BEILSTEIN J NANOTECH JI Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 5 BP 1637 EP 1648 DI 10.3762/bjnano.5.175 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS2LG UT WOS:000344111000001 PM 25383276 ER PT J AU Harvey, TR Pierce, JS Agrawal, AK Ercius, P Linck, M McMorran, BJ AF Harvey, Tyler R. Pierce, Jordan S. Agrawal, Amit K. Ercius, Peter Linck, Martin McMorran, Benjamin J. TI Efficient diffractive phase optics for electrons SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron optics; diffraction grating; electron microscopy; scanning transmission electron microscopy; electron vortex ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; VORTEX BEAMS; GENERATION; DICHROISM; GRATINGS AB Electron diffraction gratings can be used to imprint well-defined phase structure onto an electron beam. For example, diffraction gratings have been used to prepare electron beams with unique phase dislocations, such as electron vortex beams, which hold promise for the development of new imaging and spectroscopy techniques for the study of materials. However, beam intensity loss associated with absorption, scattering, and diffraction by a binary transmission grating drastically reduces the current in the beam, and thus the possible detected signal strength it may generate. Here we describe electron-transparent phase gratings that efficiently diffract transmitted electrons. These phase gratings produce electron beams with the high current necessary to generate detectable signal upon interaction with a material. The phase grating design detailed here allows for fabrication of much more complex grating structures with extremely fine features. The diffracted beams produced by these gratings are widely separated and carry the designed phase structure with high fidelity. In this work, we outline a fabrication method for high-efficiency electron diffraction gratings and present measurements of the performance of a set of simple prototypical gratings in a transmission electron microscope. We present a model for electron diffraction gratings that can be used to optimize the performance of diffractive electron optics. We also present several new holograms that utilize manipulation of phase to produce new types of highly efficient electron beams. C1 [Harvey, Tyler R.; Pierce, Jordan S.; McMorran, Benjamin J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Agrawal, Amit K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Agrawal, Amit K.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ercius, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Linck, Martin] Corrected Electron Opt Syst GmbH, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Harvey, TR (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM mcmorran@uoregon.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016; OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076; Harvey, Tyler/0000-0002-5368-136X FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-SC0010466, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; W M Keck Foundation; M J Murdock Charitable Trust; ONAMI; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-1-5041]; NSF [0923577, 0421086]; University of Oregon FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy under the Early Career Research Program award no. DE-SC0010466 (BM) and contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (PE and ML). The authors wish to thank Jeff Ditto, Kurt Langworthy, and Josh Razink of the CAMCOR facility at University of Oregon, and Henri Lezec, Ian Anderson, and Jabez McClelland of NIST-Gaithersburg for their helpful discussions and equipment training for this study. The CAMCOR High-Resolution and Nanofabrication Facility (TEM, FIB and SEM) are supported by grants from the W M Keck Foundation, the M J Murdock Charitable Trust, ONAMI, the Air Force Research Laboratory (agreement number FA8650-05-1-5041), NSF (award numbers 0923577, 0421086) and the University of Oregon. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 093039 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093039 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS1RS UT WOS:000344059100002 ER PT J AU Ueland, BG Miclea, CF Gofryk, K Qiu, Y Ronning, F Movshovich, R Bauer, ED Gardner, JS Thompson, JD AF Ueland, B. G. Miclea, C. F. Gofryk, K. Qiu, Y. Ronning, F. Movshovich, R. Bauer, E. D. Gardner, J. S. Thompson, J. D. TI Short-range magnetic correlations in the highly correlated electron compound CeCu4Ga SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FERMION COMPOUND; KONDO-LATTICE; LIV2O4; DIFFRACTION; CERIUM; ORDER; FIELD AB We present experimental results for the heavy-electron compound CeCu4Ga which show that it possesses short-range magnetic correlations down to a temperature of T = 0.1 K. Our neutron scattering data show no evidence of long-range magnetic order occurring despite a peak in the specific heat at T* = 1.2 K. Rather, magnetic diffuse scattering occurs which corresponds to short-range magnetic correlations occurring across two unit cells. The specific heat remains large as T similar to 0 K, resulting in a Sommerfeld coefficient of gamma(0) = 1.44(2) J/mol K-2, and, below T*, the resistivity follows T-2 behavior and the ac magnetic susceptibility becomes temperature independent. A magnetic peak centered at an energy transfer of E-c = 0.24(1) meV is seen in inelastic neutron scattering data which shifts to higher energies and broadens under a magnetic field. We discuss the coexistence of large specific heat, magnetic fluctuations, and short-range magnetic correlations at low temperatures and compare our results to those for materials possessing spin-liquid behavior. C1 [Ueland, B. G.; Miclea, C. F.; Gofryk, K.; Ronning, F.; Movshovich, R.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ueland, B. G.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ueland, B. G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miclea, C. F.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Bucharest 077125, Romania. [Gofryk, K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Qiu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Neutron Grp, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Ueland, BG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM bgueland@ameslab.gov RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences Engineering [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; [PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-1028] FX We are grateful for discussions with and assistance from J. M. Lawrence, I. Martin, C. D. Batista, V. Zapf, R. J. McQueeney, G. S. Tucker, A. Kreyssig, A. I. Goldman, and J. Scherschligt. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy and supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences & Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. C.F.M. acknowledges PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-1028. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work, which are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Certain commercial equipment is identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 25 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.121109 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AQ0UH UT WOS:000342497700002 ER PT J AU Janezic, MD Splett, JD Coakley, KJ AF Janezic, Michael D. Splett, Jolene D. Coakley, Kevin J. TI Detection of Hazardous Liquids Using Microwaves SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE binary classification; dielectric spectra; nearest neighbor; shielded-open coaxial fixture ID DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; COAXIAL LINE AB We investigate the feasibility of using dielectric spectra to classify hazardous and nonhazardous liquids. The dielectric spectra of several liquids was obtained with a shielded-open coaxial fixture, and we present a new full-wave model for calculating the complex permittivity of liquids using this fixture. Using the measured complex permittivity for each liquid, we examine several classification methods for distinguishing between the hazardous and nonhazardous liquids and report on the error rates of each method. C1 [Janezic, Michael D.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Splett, Jolene D.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coakley, Kevin J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Janezic, MD (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.janezic@nist.gov; jolene.splett@nist.gov; kevin.coakley@nist.gov FU NIST's Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) FX The authors thank Sung Kim for his thorough review of this paper and his insightful comments. The authors also acknowledge the contribution of James Baker-Jarvis, who passed away in January of 2012. He provided important feedback on the theoretical model proposed in the paper. This research was funded in part by NIST's Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 256 EP 271 DI 10.6028/jres.119.009 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5LM UT WOS:000350400100001 PM 26601031 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Carlson, SM Allen-Moran, SD Vincenzi, S Bograd, SJ Wells, BK AF Satterthwaite, William H. Carlson, Stephanie M. Allen-Moran, Shanae D. Vincenzi, Simone Bograd, Steven J. Wells, Brian K. TI Match-mismatch dynamics and the relationship between ocean-entry timing and relative ocean recoveries of Central Valley fall run Chinook salmon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Timing; Mismatch; Recruitment; Phenology; Salmon; Survival; Fishery; GAM ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT IMPLICATIONS; EARLY-MARINE SURVIVAL; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SNAKE RIVER; UPWELLING SYSTEM; COLUMBIA RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; TOP PREDATORS; COASTAL; SIZE AB The match-mismatch hypothesis suggests there is an optimal window for organisms to undergo key life cycle events. Here, we test the importance of match-mismatch dynamics in the timing of salmon arrival to the ocean, relative to ecosystem phenology, for the ocean survival rates of hatchery-origin fall run Chinook salmon originating from California's Central Valley. Specifically, we considered tag recovery data for releases of coded-wire tagged fish released into the San Francisco Estuary during the years 1978 to 2010. We determined a time lag for each release relative to the local spring transition date (initiation of net upwelling). Additionally, we obtained information on fish condition and size at release, the number of fish released corresponding to distinct tag codes, and yearly stock-specific harvest rate estimates. We used generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and cross-validation to identify the best-supported models for the effects of release timing and other covariates on age-3 ocean fishery recovery rates, a proxy of ocean survival rates. Release time is a useful predictor of within-year variation in survival rates, above and beyond the effects of size at release, presence of disease, and the use of net pens, and the lag relative to spring transition was a slightly better predictor than year-day. The optimal release timing appeared to occur around the end of May, and the optimal time lag appeared to be approximately 70 to 115 d after the spring transition date. However, timing is only one of many factors that affected within- and among-year variation in survival. C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.; Allen-Moran, Shanae D.; Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.; Vincenzi, Simone] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Carlson, Stephanie M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM will.satterthwaite@noaa.gov OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 FU California Sea Grant [R/FISH-217]; California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council FX This work was supported by funding from California Sea Grant (R/FISH-217) and the California Sea Grant Ocean Protection Council. We thank A. Grover, D. Hankin, M. Mohr, M. O'Farrell, and I. Schroeder for helpful discussions and assistance with accessing data and O. Shelton and A. Winhip for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 511 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.3354/meps10934 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AQ6LP UT WOS:000342924200019 ER PT J AU Rankin, TL Sponaugle, S AF Rankin, Tauna L. Sponaugle, Su TI Characteristics of Settling Coral Reef Fish Are Related to Recruitment Timing and Success SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UPPER FLORIDA-KEYS; LARVAL-JUVENILE TRANSITION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; POSTSETTLEMENT SURVIVAL; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; MARINE FISH; BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM; STEGASTES-PARTITUS AB Many marine populations exhibit high variability in the recruitment of young into the population. While environmental cycles and oceanography explain some patterns of replenishment, the role of other growth-related processes in influencing settlement and recruitment is less clear. Examination of a 65-mo. time series of recruitment of a common coral reef fish, Stegastes partitus, to the reefs of the upper Florida Keys revealed that during peak recruitment months, settlement stage larvae arriving during dark lunar phases grew faster as larvae and were larger at settlement compared to those settling during the light lunar phases. However, the strength and direction of early trait-mediated selective mortality also varied by settlement lunar phase such that the early life history traits of 2-4 week old recruit survivors that settled across the lunar cycle converged to more similar values. Similarly, within peak settlement periods, early life history traits of settling larvae and selective mortality of recruits varied by the magnitude of the settlement event: larvae settling in larger events had longer PLDs and consequently were larger at settlement than those settling in smaller pulses. Traits also varied by recruitment habitat: recruits surviving in live coral habitat (vs rubble) or areas with higher densities of adult conspecifics were those that were larger at settlement. Reef habitats, especially those with high densities of territorial conspecifics, are more challenging habitats for young fish to occupy and small settlers (due to lower larval growth and/or shorter PLDs) to these habitats have a lower chance of survival than they do in rubble habitats. Settling reef fish are not all equal and the time and location of settlement influences the likelihood that individuals will survive to contribute to the population. C1 [Rankin, Tauna L.; Sponaugle, Su] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rankin, Tauna L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sponaugle, Su] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Integrat Biol, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sponaugle, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM su.sponaugle@oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-9986359, OCE 0550732]; University of Miami Maytag Fellowship; Harding Michel Biological Oceanography Fellowship; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA11NOS4780045] FX This study was made possible through National Science Foundation grants OCE-9986359 to S. Sponaugle and OCE 0550732 to R. K. Cowen, S. Sponaugle, C. Paris and V. Kourafalou. T. Rankin was also supported by a University of Miami Maytag Fellowship and Harding Michel Biological Oceanography Fellowship. During the preparation of the manuscript, S. Sponaugle received support from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award NA11NOS4780045 to the University of Miami. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e108871 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0108871 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ0SJ UT WOS:000342492700157 PM 25250964 ER PT J AU Josell, D Debnath, R Ha, JY Guyer, J Sahiner, MA Reehil, CJ Manners, WA Nguyen, NV AF Josell, Daniel Debnath, Ratan Ha, Jong Y. Guyer, Jonathan Sahiner, Mehmet A. Reehil, Christopher J. Manners, William A. Nguyen, Nhan V. TI Windowless CdSe/CdTe Solar Cells with Differentiated Back Contacts: J-V, EQE, and Photocurrent Mapping SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE back contact; CdSe; CdTe; photovoltaic; 3D solar cells; LBIC ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; CDTE; PASSIVATION; CDS AB This study presents windowless CdSe/CdTe thin film photovoltaic devices with in-plane patterning at a submicrometer length scale. The photovoltaic cells are fabricated upon two interdigitated comb electrodes prepatterned at micrometer length scale on an insulating substrate. CdSe is electrodeposited on one electrode, and CdTe is deposited by pulsed laser deposition over the entire surface of the resulting structure. Previous studies of symmetric devices are extended in this study. Specifically, device performance is explored with asymmetric devices having fixed CdTe contact width and a range of CdSe contact widths, and the devices are fabricated with improved dimensional tolerance. Scanning photocurrent microscopy (also known as laser beam induced current mapping) is used to examine local current collection efficiency, providing information on the spatial variation of performance that complements current voltage and external quantum efficiency measurements of overall device performance. Modeling of carrier transport and recombination indicates consistency of experimental results for local and blanket illumination. Performance under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination exceeds 5% for all dimensions examined, and the best-performing device achieved 5.9% efficiency. C1 [Josell, Daniel; Debnath, Ratan; Ha, Jong Y.; Guyer, Jonathan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Debnath, Ratan] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ha, Jong Y.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sahiner, Mehmet A.; Reehil, Christopher J.; Manners, William A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012 OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; FU NIST [SB1341-13-SE-0216] FX R.D. and J.Y.H. acknowledge the financial support of NIST contract SB1341-13-SE-0216. The patterned substrates for the PV devices were fabricated in the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 18 BP 15972 EP 15979 DI 10.1021/am503769a PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AP8KQ UT WOS:000342328300042 PM 25157419 ER PT J AU Mani, M Lyons, KW Gupta, SK AF Mani, Mahesh Lyons, Kevin W. Gupta, S. K. TI Sustainability Characterization for Additive Manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; characterization; performance metrics; standardization; sustainability AB Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to create geometrically complex parts that require a high degree of customization, using less material and producing less waste. Recent studies have shown that AM can be an economically viable option for use by the industry, yet there are some inherent challenges associated with AM for wider acceptance. The lack of standards in AM impedes its use for parts production since industries primarily depend on established standards in processes and material selection to ensure the consistency and quality. Inability to compare AM performance against traditional manufacturing methods can be a barrier for implementing AM processes. AM process sustainability has become a driver due to growing environmental concerns for manufacturing. This has reinforced the importance to understand and characterize AM processes for sustainability. Process characterization for sustainability will help close the gaps for comparing AM performance to traditional manufacturing methods. Based on a literature review, this paper first examines the potential environmental impacts of AM. A methodology for sustainability characterization of AM is then proposed to serve as a resource for the community to benchmark AM processes for sustainability. Next, research perspectives are discussed along with relevant standardization efforts. C1 [Mani, Mahesh] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Life Cycle Engn Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mani, Mahesh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mani, M (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mahesh.mani@nist.gov; kevin.lyons@nist.gov NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.6028/jres.119.016 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MG UT WOS:000350402100001 PM 26601038 ER PT J AU Eckel, S Jendrzejewski, F Kumar, A Lobb, CJ Campbell, GK AF Eckel, S. Jendrzejewski, F. Kumar, A. Lobb, C. J. Campbell, G. K. TI Interferometric Measurement of the Current-Phase Relationship of a Superfluid Weak Link SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; INTERFERENCE AB Weak connections between superconductors or superfluids can differ from classical links due to quantum coherence, which allows flow without resistance. Transport properties through such weak links can be described with a single function, the current-phase relationship, which serves as the quantum analog of the current-voltage relationship. Here, we present a technique for inteferometrically measuring the current-phase relationship of superfluid weak links. We interferometrically measure the phase gradient around a ring-shaped superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate containing a rotating weak link, allowing us to identify the current flowing around the ring. While our Bose-Einstein condensate weak link operates in the hydrodynamic regime, this technique can be extended to all types of weak links (including tunnel junctions) in any phase-coherent quantum gas. Moreover, it can also measure the current-phase relationships of excitations. Such measurements may open new avenues of research in quantum transport. C1 [Eckel, S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eckel, S (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.eckel@nist.gov RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016; Eckel, Stephen/K-5215-2014 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901; Eckel, Stephen/0000-0002-8887-0320 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through the PFC at the JQI FX The authors thank J. G. Lee for technical assistance and M. Edwards, E. Tiesinga, R. Mathew, and W.T. Hill III for useful discussions. We thank W. D. Phillips for an extremely thorough reading of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 3 AR 031052 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031052 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AS1QM UT WOS:000344055300001 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Korzh, B Bussieres, F Horansky, RD Lita, AE Marsili, F Shaw, MD Zbinden, H Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Korzh, B. Bussieres, F. Horansky, R. D. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Shaw, M. D. Zbinden, H. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI High-efficiency WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors operating at 2.5 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME AB We investigate the operation of WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) at 2.5 K, a temperature which is similar to 70% of the superconducting transition temperature (T-C) of 3.4 K. We demonstrate saturation of the system detection efficiency at 78 +/- 2% at a wavelength of 1310 nm, with a jitter of 191 ps. We find that the jitter at 2.5 K is limited by the noise of the readout and can be improved through the use of cryogenic amplifiers. Operation of SNSPDs with high efficiency at temperatures very close to TC appears to be a unique property of amorphous WSi. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Korzh, B.; Bussieres, F.; Zbinden, H.] Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Marsili, F.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011; OI Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 12 AR 122601 DI 10.1063/1.4896045 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ7NL UT WOS:000343004400053 ER PT J AU Tassel, C Goto, Y Kuno, Y Hester, J Green, M Kobayashi, Y Kageyama, H AF Tassel, Cedric Goto, Yoshihiro Kuno, Yoshinori Hester, James Green, Mark Kobayashi, Yoji Kageyama, Hiroshi TI Direct Synthesis of Chromium Perovskite Oxyhydride with a High Magnetic-Transition Temperature SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE chromium; high-pressure chemistry; mixed anion phases; oxyhydrides; perovskites ID EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HYDRIDE ANION; OXIDE; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; LASRCOO3H0.7; HYDROGEN; CRYSTAL; METALS AB We report a novel oxyhydride SrCrO2H directly synthesized by a high-pressure high-temperature method. Powder neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction revealed that this compound adopts the ideal cubic perovskite structure (Pm (3) over barm) with O2-/H- disorder. Surprisingly, despite the non-bonding nature between Cr 3d t(2g) orbitals and the H 1s orbital, it exhibits G-type spin ordering at T-N approximate to 380 K, which is higher than that of RCrO3 (R=rare earth) and any chromium oxides. The enhanced TN in SrCrO2H with four Cr-O-Cr bonds in comparison with RCr3+O3 with six Cr-O-Cr bonds is reasonably explained by the tolerance factor. The present result offers an effective strategy to tune octahedral tilting in perovskites and to improve physical and chemical properties through mixed anion chemistry. C1 [Tassel, Cedric; Goto, Yoshihiro; Kuno, Yoshinori; Kobayashi, Yoji; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Tassel, Cedric] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Hester, James] ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Green, Mark] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kageyama, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010 FU Hakubi Project; MEXT [24248016, 25810040]; JSPS through FIRST Program; JSPS through CREST FX This work was supported by the Hakubi Project funding, MEXT through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research A (No. 24248016) and the Young Scientist Grant B (No. 25810040) and JSPS through FIRST Program" and CREST. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 39 BP 10377 EP 10380 DI 10.1002/anie.201405453 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AQ4JA UT WOS:000342760700015 PM 25115824 ER PT J AU Hlaing, S Gilerson, A Foster, R Wang, MH Arnone, R Ahmed, S AF Hlaing, Soe Gilerson, Alexander Foster, Robert Wang, Menghua Arnone, Robert Ahmed, Sam TI Radiometric calibration of ocean color satellite sensors using AERONET-OC data SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; ABOVE-WATER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; COASTAL REGIONS; VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; SEAWIFS AB Radiometric vicarious calibration of ocean color (OC) satellite sensors is carried out through the full sunlight path radiative transfer (RT) simulations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system based on the aerosol and water-leaving radiance data from AERONET-OC sites for the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Quantitative evaluation of the potential of such approach for achieving the radiometric accuracies of OC satellite sensors is made by means of direct comparisons between simulated and satellite measured top of atmosphere (TOA) radiances. Very high correlations (R >= 0.96 for all visible channels) are achieved for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor when this approach is applied with the data from the LISCO and WaveCIS AERONET-OC sites. Vicarious calibration gain factors derived with this approach are highly consistent, with comparisons between the two sites exhibiting around 0.5% discrepancy in the blue and green parts of the spectrum, while their average temporal variability is also within 0.28% - 1.23% permitting the approach to be used, at this stage, for verification of sensor calibration performance. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hlaing, Soe; Gilerson, Alexander; Foster, Robert; Ahmed, Sam] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gilerson, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gilerson@ccny.cuny.edu RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially supported by grants from NOAA and the Office of Naval Research. We would like to thank the NASA AERONET team for SeaPRISM calibration, data processing, and support of site operations, Bill Gibson and Alan Weidemann for the operation of the WaveCIS AERONET-OC site, and the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group for satellite imagery. We are very grateful for the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions which significantly improved the quality of the paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 19 BP 23385 EP 23401 DI 10.1364/OE.22.023385 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA AQ4IB UT WOS:000342756500112 PM 25321808 ER PT J AU Gutov, OV Bury, W Gomez-Gualdron, DA Krungleviciute, V Fairen-Jimenez, D Mondloch, JE Sarjeant, AA Al-Juaid, SS Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK AF Gutov, Oleksii V. Bury, Wojciech Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A. Krungleviciute, Vaiva Fairen-Jimenez, David Mondloch, Joseph E. Sarjeant, Amy A. Al-Juaid, Salih S. Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. TI Water-Stable Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Material with High-Surface Area and Gas-Storage Capacities SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gas storage; hydrogen; metal-organic frameworks; methane; zirconium ID ADSORPTION; UIO-66 AB We designed, synthesized, and characterized a new Zr-based metal-organic framework material, NU-1100, with a pore volume of 1.53 ccg(-1) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 4020 m(2)g(-1); to our knowledge, currently the highest published for Zr-based MOFs. CH4/CO2/H-2 adsorption isotherms were obtained over a broad range of pressures and temperatures and are in excellent agreement with the computational predictions. The total hydrogen adsorption at 65 bar and 77 K is 0.092 gg(-1), which corresponds to 43 gL(-1). The volumetric and gravimetric methane-storage capacities at 65 bar and 298 K are approximately 180 v(STP)/v and 0.27 gg(-1), respectively. C1 [Gutov, Oleksii V.; Bury, Wojciech; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bury, Wojciech] Warsaw Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. [Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fairen-Jimenez, David] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England. [Al-Juaid, Salih S.; Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Snurr, RQ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM snurr@northwestern.edu; j-hupp@northwestern.edu; taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu RI Bury, Wojciech/J-7361-2012; Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Fairen-Jimenez, David/C-6409-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Faculty of, Sciences, KAU/E-7305-2017 OI Fairen-Jimenez, David/0000-0002-5013-1194; FU DOE ARPA-E; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project; U.S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; Foundation for Polish Science through the "Kolumb" Program; Royal Society (UK); National Science Foundation [CHE-1048773] FX O.K.F., J.T.H., and R. Q. S. thank DOE ARPA-E and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to methane and CO2, respectively. T.Y. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. W. B. acknowledges support from the Foundation for Polish Science through the "Kolumb" Program. D.F.J. acknowledges the Royal Society (UK) for a University Research Fellowship. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant CHE-1048773). NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 14 U2 139 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 20 IS 39 BP 12389 EP 12393 DI 10.1002/chem.201402895 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AQ2OL UT WOS:000342626200007 PM 25123293 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, Damir I. Fomina, Marina G. Mukhamedzyanov, Gabdlnur Kh. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Measurements of the density and viscosity of 1-hexene+1-octene mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Density; Excess molar volume; Falling-body method; Hydrostatic weighing method; 1-Hexene; 1-Octene; Tait equation of state; Viscosity ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; LIQUID-MIXTURES; TAIT EQUATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELEVATED PRESSURES; BINARY-MIXTURES; IONIC LIQUIDS; 30 MPA; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOLS AB The density and viscosity of binary 1-hexene + 1-octene mixtures have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from (298 to 470) K and at pressures up to 196 MPa using a hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques, respectively. The measurements were made for three concentrations of 0.200, 0.429, and 0.692 mole fraction of 1-octene. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be (0.15-0.30) %, 0.05%, 0.02 K, and (1.5-2.0) %, respectively, depending on temperature and pressure ranges. The measured densities and viscosities were used to calculate the excess molar volumes and viscosity differences. It is shown that the values of excess molar volume for 1-hexene + 1-octene mixtures are negative, while the viscosity differences are mostly positive at all measured temperatures and pressures over the whole concentration range. The measured densities and viscosities were also used to develop a Tait-type equation of state and viscosity correlation model for liquid 1-hexene + 1-octene mixtures. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Grunberg and Nisan type equations were used to represent the temperature and concentration dependences of the measured viscosities for liquid 1-hexene + 1-octene binary mixtures at atmospheric pressure. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sagdeev, Damir I.; Fomina, Marina G.; Mukhamedzyanov, Gabdlnur Kh.] Kazan Natl Res Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 20 PY 2014 VL 592 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2014.08.016 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AQ7SR UT WOS:000343020000010 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Bishof, M Bromley, SL Kraus, CV Safronova, MS Zoller, P Rey, AM Ye, J AF Zhang, X. Bishof, M. Bromley, S. L. Kraus, C. V. Safronova, M. S. Zoller, P. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. TI Spectroscopic observation of SU(N)-symmetric interactions in Sr orbital magnetism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; SPIN AB SU(N) symmetry can emerge in a quantum system with N single-particle spin states when spin is decoupled from interparticle interactions. Taking advantage of the high measurement precision offered by an ultrastable laser, we report a spectroscopic observation of SU(N <= 10) symmetry in Sr-87. By encoding the electronic orbital degree of freedom in two clock states while keeping the system open to as many as 10 nuclear spin sublevels, we probed the non-equilibrium two-orbital SU(N) magnetism via Ramsey spectroscopy of atoms confined in an array of two-dimensional optical traps; we studied the spin-orbital quantum dynamics and determined the relevant interaction parameters. This study lays the groundwork for using alkaline-earth atoms as testbeds for important orbital models. C1 [Zhang, X.; Bishof, M.; Bromley, S. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, X.; Bishof, M.; Bromley, S. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, X.; Bishof, M.; Bromley, S. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kraus, C. V.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kraus, C. V.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship program; NISI; NSF [PFC-1125844]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (single investigator award); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (QuASAR); Austrian Science Foundation; SFB FoQus (Foundations and Applications of Quantum Science); European Research Council Synergy Grant (UQUAM); Simulators and Interfaces with Quantum Systems (SIQS) project FX We thank P. Julienne, B. Gadway, T. Nicholson, B. Bloom, and A. V. Gorshkov for technical discussions. Supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship program and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship program (M.B) and by NISI, NSF grant PFC-1125844, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI and single investigator award), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (QuASAR), Austrian Science Foundation, SFB FoQus (Foundations and Applications of Quantum Science), European Research Council Synergy Grant (UQUAM), and Simulators and Interfaces with Quantum Systems (SIQS) project. The data described in the paper am archived in a database at JILA. NR 37 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6203 BP 1467 EP 1473 DI 10.1126/science.1254978 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0LM UT WOS:000341752900033 PM 25147278 ER PT J AU Black, BA Sydeman, WJ Frank, DC Griffin, D Stahle, DW Garcia-Reyes, M Rykaczewski, RR Bograd, SJ Peterson, WT AF Black, Bryan A. Sydeman, William J. Frank, David C. Griffin, Daniel Stahle, David W. Garcia-Reyes, Marisol Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Bograd, Steven J. Peterson, William T. TI Six centuries of variability and extremes in a coupled marine-terrestrial ecosystem SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HOLOCENE; TREE AB Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Garcia-Reyes, Marisol] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Frank, David C.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Frank, David C.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Griffin, Daniel] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stahle, David W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu RI Frank, David/C-7764-2013; Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NSF [1130125]; NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; California Department of Fish and Wildlife Ecosystem Restoration Program [ERP02-P30]; Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship FX Funding was provided by NSF (grant no. 1130125), the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant no. ERP02-P30), and the Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program. D. G. was supported by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. Seabird data were obtained from Point Blue Conservation Science/Farallon National Wildlife Refuge. We are grateful to contributors to the International Tree-Ring Databank and thank M. O'Connor for assistance with Fig. 1. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their comments and insights, which greatly improved the paper. All data used in this work, or the sources from which they are available, are included in the supplementary materials. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 13 U2 86 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 19 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6203 BP 1498 EP 1502 DI 10.1126/science.1253209 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP0LM UT WOS:000341752900040 PM 25237100 ER PT J AU Reed Harris, AE Ervens, B Shoemaker, RK Kroll, JA Rapf, RJ Griffith, EC Monod, A Vaida, V AF Reed Harris, Allison E. Ervens, Barbara Shoemaker, Richard K. Kroll, Jay A. Rapf, Rebecca J. Griffith, Elizabeth C. Monod, Anne Vaida, Veronica TI Photochemical Kinetics of Pyruvic Acid in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; OXIDATION RATE CONSTANTS; OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; IN-CLOUD PROCESSES; ALPHA-KETO ACIDS; GAS-PHASE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; REVERSIBLE HYDRATION; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION AB Pyruvic acid in the atmosphere is found in both the gas and aqueous phases, and its behavior gives insight into that of other alpha-keto acids. Photolysis is a significant degradation pathway for this molecule in the environment, and in aqueous solution the major photoproducts are higher-molecular-weight compounds that may contribute to secondary organic aerosol mass. The kinetics of the aqueous-phase photolysis of pyruvic acid under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was investigated in order to calculate the first-order rate constant, J(aq), in solution. Analysis of the exponential decay of pyruvic acid was performed by monitoring both pyruvic acid and its photolytic products over the course of the reaction by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Detection of major and minor products in the 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 M pyruvic acid photolyses clearly demonstrates that the primary reaction pathways are highly dependent on the initial pyruvic acid concentration and the presence of dissolved oxygen. The J(aq) values were calculated with approximations based on the dominant pathways for limiting cases of the mechanism. Finally, a model study using the calculated rate constants demonstrates the importance of aqueous-phase photolysis as a sink for pyruvic acid in the atmosphere, compared with gas-phase photolysis and OH oxidation. C1 [Reed Harris, Allison E.; Shoemaker, Richard K.; Kroll, Jay A.; Rapf, Rebecca J.; Griffith, Elizabeth C.; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reed Harris, Allison E.; Ervens, Barbara; Kroll, Jay A.; Rapf, Rebecca J.; Griffith, Elizabeth C.; Monod, Anne; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Monod, Anne] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE FRE 3416, F-13331 Marseille, France. RP Vaida, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM vaida@colorado.edu RI Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Shoemaker, Richard/M-7409-2013 OI Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; Reed Harris, Allison/0000-0002-1731-1687; Shoemaker, Richard/0000-0002-0805-1449 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowships; NOAA's Climate Goal; CIRES at the University of Colorado; French National Research Agency ANR through the CUMULUS Project [ANR-2010-BLAN-617]; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Pascal Renard for valuable discussions regarding the calculations for this paper. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. E.C.G. and R.J.R also acknowledge funding from National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowships. B.E. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal, and AM. acknowledges support from CIRES at the University of Colorado and the French National Research Agency ANR through the CUMULUS Project (ANR-2010-BLAN-617). NR 87 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 18 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 37 BP 8505 EP 8516 DI 10.1021/jp502186q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AP5KV UT WOS:000342119000057 PM 24725260 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE AF Bergeron, Denis E. TI Identification of Phase Boundaries in Surfactant Solutions via Compton Spectrum Quenching SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; COUNTING EFFICIENCY; VIBRONIC STRUCTURE; SIZE; STANDARDIZATION; MICELLIZATION; SIMULATION; DEPENDENCE AB The critical micelle concentration and the phase boundary between isolated surfactant molecules and aggregates are probed via fluorescence spectroscopy and a Compton spectrum quenching technique for aqueous and toluenic solutions of Triton X-100 (TX-100). The internal fluorophore of TX-100 provides a convenient probe for the fluorescence measurements, and the appearance of redder bands in the fluorescence spectra and their relationship with aggregation (clustering of TX-100) phenomena is addressed. The Compton spectrum quenching approach makes use of quench indicating parameters (QIPs) commonly measured in liquid scintillation counting experiments. Phase boundaries identified by the QIP-based approach are in excellent accord with the fluorescence-based approach. C1 NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 18 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 37 BP 8563 EP 8571 DI 10.1021/jp502540n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AP5KV UT WOS:000342119000063 PM 24838094 ER PT J AU Dhindsa, GK Tyagi, M Chu, XQ AF Dhindsa, Gurpreet K. Tyagi, Madhusudan Chu, Xiang-qiang TI Temperature-Dependent Dynamics of Dry and Hydrated beta-Casein Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DYNAMICS; GLOBULAR PROTEIN; GLASS-TRANSITION; SOLVENT; MOTIONS; WATER; MICELLES; LYSOZYME; THERMODYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB beta-Casein is a component of casein micelle with amphillic nature and is recognized as a "natively disordered" protein that lacks secondary structures. In this study, the temperature and hydration effects on the dynamics of beta-casein are explored by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). An upturn in the mean square displacement (MSD) of hydrated beta-casein indicates an increase of protein flexibility at a temperature of similar to 225 K. Another increase in MSD at similar to 100 K, observed in both dry and hydrated beta-casein, is ascribed to the methyl group rotations, which are not sensitive to hydration. QENS analysis in the energy domain reveals that the fraction of hydrogen atoms participating in motion in a sphere of diffusion is highly hydration dependent and increases with temperature. In the time domain analysis, a logarithmic-like decay is observed in the range of picosecond to nanosecond (beta-relaxation time) in the dynamics of hydrated beta-casein. This dynamical behavior has been observed in hydrated globular and oligomeric proteins. Our temperature-dependent QENS experiments provide evidence that lack of a secondary structure in beta-casein results in higher flexibility in its dynamics and easier reversible thermal unfolding compared to other rigid biomolecules. C1 [Dhindsa, Gurpreet K.; Chu, Xiang-qiang] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chu, XQ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM chux@wayne.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176 FU Wayne State University; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was funded and supported by Wayne State University. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing some of the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 18 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 37 BP 10821 EP 10829 DI 10.1021/jp504548w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AP5LG UT WOS:000342120100002 PM 25144497 ER PT J AU Araki, Y Khalsa, G MacDonald, AH AF Araki, Yasufumi Khalsa, Guru MacDonald, Allan H. TI Weak localization, spin relaxation, and spin diffusion: Crossover between weak and strong Rashba coupling limits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ORBIT INTERACTION; QUANTUM-WELLS; CONDUCTION ELECTRONS; OXIDE INTERFACES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ANTILOCALIZATION AB Disorder scattering and spin-orbit coupling are together responsible for the diffusion and relaxation of spin density in time-reversal invariant systems. We study spin relaxation and diffusion in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin-independent disorder, focusing on the role of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in transport. Spin-orbit coupling contributes to spin relaxation, transforming the quantum interference contribution to conductivity from a negative weak localization (WL) correction to a positive weak antilocalization (WAL) correction. The importance of spin channel mixing in transport is largest in the regime where the Bloch state energy uncertainty h/tau and the Rashba spin-orbit splitting Delta(SO) are comparable. We find that as a consequence of this spin channel mixing, the WL-WAL crossover is nonmonotonic in this intermediate regime, which can be related to recent experimental studies of transport at two-dimensional oxide interfaces. C1 [Araki, Yasufumi; Khalsa, Guru; MacDonald, Allan H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Khalsa, Guru] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Araki, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad [25-56]; Welch Foundation [TBF1473]; DOE under Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG03-02ER45958] FX Y.A. is supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad (No. 25-56). Work at the University of Texas was supported by the Welch Foundation under Grant No. TBF1473 and by the DOE under Division of Materials Science and Engineering Grant No. DE-FG03-02ER45958. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 17 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 12 AR 125309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.125309 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AP5OH UT WOS:000342128000004 ER PT J AU Miller, BS Leaper, R Calderan, S Gedamke, J AF Miller, Brian S. Leaper, Russell Calderan, Susannah Gedamke, Jason TI Red Shift, Blue Shift: Investigating Doppler Shifts, Blubber Thickness, and Migration as Explanations of Seasonal Variation in the Tonality of Antarctic Blue Whale Song SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SOUND PRODUCTION; BALEEN WHALES; SPERM-WHALES; FREQUENCY; PACIFIC; SEA; VOCALIZATIONS; MOVEMENTS; DISCOVERY AB The song of Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) comprises repeated, stereotyped, low-frequency calls. Measurements of these calls from recordings spanning many years have revealed a long-term linear decline as well as an intra-annual pattern in tonal frequency. While a number of hypotheses for this long-term decline have been investigated, including changes in population structure, changes in the physical environment, and changes in the behaviour of the whales, there have been relatively few attempts to explain the intra-annual pattern. An additional hypothesis that has not yet been investigated is that differences in the observed frequency from each call are due to the Doppler effect. The assumptions and implications of the Doppler effect on whale song are investigated using 1) vessel-based acoustic recordings of Antarctic blue whales with simultaneous observation of whale movement and 2) long-term acoustic recordings from both the subtropics and Antarctic. Results from vessel-based recordings of Antarctic blue whales indicate that variation in peak-frequency between calls produced by an individual whale was greater than would be expected by the movement of the whale alone. Furthermore, analysis of intra-annual frequency shift at Antarctic recording stations indicates that the Doppler effect is unlikely to fully explain the observations of intra-annual pattern in the frequency of Antarctic blue whale song. However, data do show cyclical changes in frequency in conjunction with season, thus suggesting that there might be a relationship among tonal frequency, body condition, and migration to and from Antarctic feeding grounds. C1 [Miller, Brian S.; Calderan, Susannah] Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Kingston, Tas, Australia. [Leaper, Russell] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Ocean Acoust Program, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Miller, BS (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Kingston, Tas, Australia. EM brian.miller@aad.gov.au FU International Whale and Marine Mammal Conservation Initiative of the Australian Government via Southern Ocean Research Partnership of the International Whaling Commission; Australian Antarctic Division FX Deployment of long-term recorders was supported by the Australian Antarctic Division. This work was supported by the International Whale and Marine Mammal Conservation Initiative of the Australian Government via Southern Ocean Research Partnership of the International Whaling Commission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e107740 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0107740 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP5MS UT WOS:000342123900068 PM 25229644 ER PT J AU Slotwinski, JA Garboczi, EJ Stutzman, PE Ferraris, CF Watson, SS Peltz, MA AF Slotwinski, J. A. Garboczi, E. J. Stutzman, P. E. Ferraris, C. F. Watson, S. S. Peltz, M. A. TI Characterization of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing (AM); Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS); energy-dispersive x-ray; helium pycnometry; laser diffraction; metal powder; powder bed fusion; X-ray computed tomography; X-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID REFINEMENT AB Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques(1) can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical parts, such as those found in aerospace components. The production of AM parts with consistent and predictable properties requires input materials (e.g., metal powders) with known and repeatable characteristics, which in turn requires standardized measurement methods for powder properties. First, based on our previous work, we assess the applicability of current standardized methods for powder characterization for metal AM powders. Then we present the results of systematic studies carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states. The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to structure and chemistry, including X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays generated during scanning electron microscopy, and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy were also employed. The results of these analyses show how virgin powder changes after being exposed to and recycled from one or more Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) additive manufacturing build cycles. In addition, these findings can give insight into the actual additive manufacturing process. C1 [Slotwinski, J. A.] NIST, Engn Lab Intelligent Syst Div, Addit Mfg Mat Project, Prod Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Boulder Site Appl Chem & Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stutzman, P. E.] NIST, Inorgan Mat Grp, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ferraris, C. F.; Peltz, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, S. S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab Intelligent Syst Div, Addit Mfg Mat Project, Prod Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM John.Slotwinski@jhuapl.edu; edward.garboczi@nist.gov; paul.stutzman@nist.gov; chiara.ferraris@nist.gov; stephanie.watson@nist.gov; max.peltz@nist.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 11 U2 63 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 460 EP 493 DI 10.6028/jres.119.018 PG 34 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MN UT WOS:000350402800001 PM 26601040 ER PT J AU Slotwinski, JA Garboczi, EJ Hebenstreit, KM AF Slotwinski, John A. Garboczi, Edward J. Hebenstreit, Keith M. TI Porosity Measurements and Analysis for Metal Additive Manufacturing Process Control SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; Archimedes; cobalt-chrome; Direct Metal Laser Sintering; porosity; powder bed fusion; ultrasonic NDT; X-ray computed tomography ID ELASTIC-MODULI; ULTRASONIC VELOCITY; CERAMICS; PARTICLES; DENSITY AB Additive manufacturing techniques can produce complex, high-value metal parts, with potential applications as critical metal components such as those found in aerospace engines and as customized biomedical implants. Material porosity in these parts is undesirable for aerospace parts - since porosity could lead to premature failure - and desirable for some biomedical implants - since surface-breaking pores allows for better integration with biological tissue. Changes in a part's porosity during an additive manufacturing build may also be an indication of an undesired change in the build process. Here, we present efforts to develop an ultrasonic sensor for monitoring changes in the porosity in metal parts during fabrication on a metal powder bed fusion system. The development of well-characterized reference samples, measurements of the porosity of these samples with multiple techniques, and correlation of ultrasonic measurements with the degree of porosity are presented. A proposed sensor design, measurement strategy, and future experimental plans on a metal powder bed fusion system are also presented. C1 [Slotwinski, John A.] NIST, Engn Lab Intelligent Syst Div, Addit Mfg Mat Project, Prod Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Boulder Site Appl Chem & Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hebenstreit, Keith M.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab Intelligent Syst Div, Addit Mfg Mat Project, Prod Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM John.Slotwinski@jhuapl.edu; edward.garboczi@nist.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 12 U2 52 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 494 EP 528 DI 10.6028/jres.119.019 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MN UT WOS:000350402800002 PM 26601041 ER PT J AU Gorodetskaya, IV Tsukernik, M Claes, K Ralph, MF Neff, WD Van Lipzig, NPM AF Gorodetskaya, Irina V. Tsukernik, Maria Claes, Kim Ralph, Martin F. Neff, William D. Van Lipzig, Nicole P. M. TI The role of atmospheric rivers in anomalous snow accumulation in East Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antarctic ice sheet; surface mass balance; snowfall; moisture transport; atmospheric rivers; ground-based measurements ID DRONNING MAUD LAND; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL MOISTURE; MASS-BALANCE; DOME FUJI; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; SATELLITE; BLOCKING; STATION AB Recent, heavy snow accumulation events over Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, contributed significantly to the Antarctic ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB). Here we combine in situ accumulation measurements and radar-derived snowfall rates from Princess Elisabeth station (PE), located in the DML escarpment zone, along with the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis to investigate moisture transport patterns responsible for these events. In particular, two high-accumulation events in May 2009 and February 2011 showed an atmospheric river (AR) signature with enhanced integrated water vapor (IWV), concentrated in narrow long bands stretching from subtropical latitudes to the East Antarctic coast. Adapting IWV-based AR threshold criteria for Antarctica (by accounting for the much colder and drier environment), we find that it was four and five ARs reaching the coastal DML that contributed 74-80% of the outstanding SMB during 2009 and 2011 at PE. Therefore, accounting for ARs is crucial for understanding East Antarctic SMB. C1 [Gorodetskaya, Irina V.; Claes, Kim; Van Lipzig, Nicole P. M.] KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Leuven, Belgium. [Tsukernik, Maria] Brown Univ, Environm Change Initiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ralph, Martin F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Neff, William D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Neff, William D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gorodetskaya, IV (reprint author), KU Leuven Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Leuven, Belgium. EM Irina.Gorodetskaya@ees.kuleuven.be RI Gorodetskaya, Irina/K-1987-2015 OI Gorodetskaya, Irina/0000-0002-2294-7823 FU HYDRANT - Belgian Federal Science Policy (BELSPO) [EA/01/04AB]; NSF [1246178] FX This work was conducted in support of the HYDRANT project funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (BELSPO grant EA/01/04AB). Coauthor M. Tsukernik was supported by NSF grant 1246178. The radar and AWS data at PE are part of the new data set freely available upon request via the project website (http://ees.kuleuven.be/hydrant). ERA-I data are available via the ECMWF data portal (http://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets). Logistical and technical support at PE base was provided by the International Polar Foundation. We thank Alexander Mangold (RMI, Belgium) and Erik Verhagen (IPF) for help with on-site instrument maintenance; Wim Boot and Carleen Reijmer (IMAU, Netherlands) for AWS technical and data support; and METEK engineers for MRR technical support. Raw MRR data were processed by Maximilian Maahn (IGM, University of Cologne, Germany). We thank RCS Group at KUL, Jan Lenaerts (IMAU/KUL), and Gwenael Renard for useful feedback. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 17 BP 6199 EP 6206 DI 10.1002/2014GL060881 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4IH UT WOS:000342757400019 ER PT J AU Asefi-Najafabady, S Rayner, PJ Gurney, KR McRobert, A Song, Y Coltin, K Huang, J Elvidge, C Baugh, K AF Asefi-Najafabady, S. Rayner, P. J. Gurney, K. R. McRobert, A. Song, Y. Coltin, K. Huang, J. Elvidge, C. Baugh, K. TI A multiyear, global gridded fossil fuel CO2 emission data product: Evaluation and analysis of results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTIES; SPACE; SINKS AB High-resolution, global quantification of fossil fuel CO2 emissions is emerging as a critical need in carbon cycle science and climate policy. We build upon a previously developed fossil fuel data assimilation system (FFDAS) for estimating global high-resolution fossil fuel CO2 emissions. We have improved the underlying observationally based data sources, expanded the approach through treatment of separate emitting sectors including a new pointwise database of global power plants, and extended the results to cover a 1997 to 2010 time series at a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees. Long-term trend analysis of the resulting global emissions shows subnational spatial structure in large active economies such as the United States, China, and India. These three countries, in particular, show different long-term trends and exploration of the trends in nighttime lights, and population reveal a decoupling of population and emissions at the subnational level. Analysis of shorter-term variations reveals the impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis with widespread negative emission anomalies across the U. S. and Europe. We have used a center of mass (CM) calculation as a compact metric to express the time evolution of spatial patterns in fossil fuel CO2 emissions. The global emission CM has moved toward the east and somewhat south between 1997 and 2010, driven by the increase in emissions in China and South Asia over this time period. Analysis at the level of individual countries reveals per capita CO2 emission migration in both Russia and India. The per capita emission CM holds potential as a way to succinctly analyze subnational shifts in carbon intensity over time. Uncertainties are generally lower than the previous version of FFDAS due mainly to an improved nightlight data set. C1 [Asefi-Najafabady, S.; Gurney, K. R.; Song, Y.; Coltin, K.; Huang, J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rayner, P. J.; McRobert, A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Elvidge, C.; Baugh, K.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Asefi-Najafabady, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM salvi.asefi@asu.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 FU NASA ROSES [NNX11AH86G]; NASA CMS [NNX12AP52G]; Australian Professorial Fellowship [DP1096309] FX This work was made possible by NASA ROSES grant NNX11AH86G and NASA CMS grant NNX12AP52G. Rayner is in receipt of an Australian Professorial Fellowship (DP1096309). We also acknowledge the helpful input from Tomohiro Oda. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 17 DI 10.1002/2013JD021296 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6IN UT WOS:000342914200008 ER PT J AU Isaac, LID Lauvaux, T Davis, KJ Miles, NL Richardson, SJ Jacobson, AR Andrews, AE AF Isaac, Liza I. Diaz Lauvaux, Thomas Davis, Kenneth J. Miles, Natasha L. Richardson, Scott J. Jacobson, Andrew R. Andrews, Arlyn E. TI Model-data comparison of MCI field campaign atmospheric CO2 mole fractions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT MODELS; REGIONAL-SCALE; ERROR CHARACTERIZATION; TALL TOWERS; PART 1; SINKS; LAND; INVERSIONS; BUDGET AB Atmospheric transport model errors are a major contributor to uncertainty in CO2 inverse flux estimates. Our study compares CO2 mole fraction observations from the North American Carbon Program Mid-Continental Intensive (MCI) field campaign and modeled mole fractions from two atmospheric transport models: the global Transport Model 5 from NOAA's CarbonTracker system and the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model. Both models are coupled to identical CO2 fluxes and lateral boundary conditions from CarbonTracker (CT2009 release). Statistical analyses were performed for two periods of 2007 using observed daily daytime average mole fractions of CO2 to test the ability of these models to reproduce the observations and to infer possible causes of the discrepancies. TM5-CT2009 overestimates midsummer planetary boundary layer CO2 for sites in the U. S. corn belt by 10 ppm. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-CT2009 estimates diverge from the observations with similar magnitudes, but the signs of the differences vary from site to site. The modeled mole fractions are highly correlated with the observed seasonal cycle (r >= 0.7) but less correlated in the growing season, where weather-related changes in CO2 dominate the observed variability. Spatial correlations in residuals from TM5-CT2009 are higher than WRF-CT2009 perhaps due to TM5's coarse horizontal resolution and shallow vertical mixing. Vertical mixing appears to have influenced CO2 residuals from both models. TM5-CT2009 has relatively weak vertical mixing near the surface limiting the connection between local CO2 surface fluxes and boundary layer. WRF-CT2009 has stronger vertical mixing that may increase the connections between local surface fluxes and the boundary layer. C1 [Isaac, Liza I. Diaz; Lauvaux, Thomas; Davis, Kenneth J.; Miles, Natasha L.; Richardson, Scott J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Isaac, LID (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lzd120@psu.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terrestrial Ecology Program; Department of Energy's Terrestrial Carbon Processes program; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; Penn State's Earth and Environmental Science Institute; Bunton-Waller Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terrestrial Ecology Program, the Department of Energy's Terrestrial Carbon Processes program, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office, and fellowships from Penn State's Earth and Environmental Science Institute and the Bunton-Waller Program. This work is a contribution to the North American Carbon Program. MCI tower data are available online at http://www.ring2.psu.edu. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 17 DI 10.1002/2014JD021593 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6IN UT WOS:000342914200028 ER PT J AU Persad, GG Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Persad, Geeta G. Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI The role of aerosol absorption in driving clear-sky solar dimming over East Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; VISIBLE RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIXING STATE; CLOUDS; CHINA; MODELS AB Surface-based observations indicate a significant decreasing trend in clear-sky downward surface solar radiation (SSR) over East Asia since the 1960s. This "dimming" is thought to be driven by the region's long-term increase in aerosol emissions, but little work has been done to quantify the underlying physical mechanisms or the contribution from aerosol absorption within the atmospheric column. Given the distinct climate impacts that absorption-driven dimming may produce, this constitutes an important, but thus far rather neglected, line of inquiry. We examine experiments conducted in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's atmospheric general circulation models, AM2.1 and AM3, in order to analyze the model-simulated East Asian clear-sky SSR trends. We also use the models' stand-alone radiation module to examine the contribution from various aerosol characteristics in the two models (such as burden, mixing state, hygroscopicity, and seasonal distribution) to the trends. Both models produce trends in clear-sky SSR that are comparable to that observed but via disparate mechanisms. Despite their different aerosol characteristics, the models produce nearly identical increases in aerosol absorption since the 1960s, constituting as much as half of the modeled clear-sky dimming. This is due to a compensation between the differences in aerosol column burden and mixing state assumed in the two models, i.e., plausible clear-sky SSR simulations can be achieved via drastically different aerosol parameterizations. Our novel results indicate that trends in aerosol absorption drive a large portion of East Asian clear-sky solar dimming in the models presented here and for the time periods analyzed and that mechanistic analysis of the factors involved in aerosol absorption is an important diagnostic in evaluating modeled clear-sky solar dimming trends. C1 [Persad, Geeta G.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Persad, GG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gpersad@princeton.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DGE 1148900] FX The authors thank Paul Ginoux and Stefan Fueglistaler for comments during early stages of the study and David Paynter and Stuart Freidenreich for their helpful reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Geeta G. Persad is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE 1148900. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 17 DI 10.1002/2014JD021577 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6IN UT WOS:000342914200020 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Morzynski, P Ciurylo, R Julienne, PS Yan, M DeSalvo, BJ Killian, TC AF Borkowski, Mateusz Morzynski, Piotr Ciurylo, Roman Julienne, Paul S. Yan, Mi DeSalvo, Brian J. Killian, T. C. TI Mass scaling and nonadiabatic effects in photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold strontium atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; SCATTERING LENGTH; OPTICAL LATTICE; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; LIGHT; DISPERSION; ASYMPTOTE; PROSPECTS; GASES AB We report photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold Sr-86 atoms near the intercombination line and provide theoretical models to describe the obtained bound-state energies. We show that using only the molecular states correlating with the S-1(0) + P-3(1) asymptote is insufficient to provide a mass-scaled theoretical model that would reproduce the bound-state energies for all isotopes investigated to date: Sr-84, Sr-86, and Sr-88. We attribute that to the recently discovered avoided crossing between the S-1(0) + P-3(1) 0(u)(+) ((3)Pi(u)) and S-1(0) + D-1(2) 0(u)(+) ((1)Sigma(+)(u)) potential curves at short range and we build a mass-scaled interaction model that quantitatively reproduces the available 0(u)(+) and 1(u) bound-state energies for the three stable bosonic isotopes. We also provide isotope-specific two-channel models that incorporate the rotational (Coriolis) mixing between the 0(u)(+) and 1(u) curves which, while not mass scaled, are capable of quantitatively describing the vibrational splittings observed in experiment. We find that the use of state-of-the-art ab initio potential curves significantly improves the quantitative description of the Coriolis mixing between the two -8-GHz bound states in Sr-88 over the previously used model potentials. We show that one of the recently reported energy levels in Sr-84 does not follow the long-range bound-state series and theorize on the possible causes. Finally, we give the Coriolis-mixing angles and linear Zeeman coefficients for all of the photoassociation lines. The long-range van der Waals coefficients C-6(0(u)(+)) = 3868(50) a.u. and C-6(1(u)) = 4085(50) a.u. are reported. C1 [Borkowski, Mateusz; Morzynski, Piotr; Ciurylo, Roman] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yan, Mi; DeSalvo, Brian J.; Killian, T. C.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RI Yan, Mi/I-1047-2013; Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Morzynski, Piotr/D-2890-2015; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; OI Yan, Mi/0000-0001-9463-2161; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Welch Foundation [C-1579, C-1669]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1205946, PHY-1205973]; FNP TEAM Programme Project Precise Optical Control and Metrology of Quantum Systems [TEAM/2010-6/3]; European Union Regional Development Fund; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland FX The authors wish to thank P. Zuchowski and W. Skomorowski for their help with setting up the calculations and useful discussions. We are also grateful to S. G. Porsev, M. S. Safronova, and C. W. Clark for providing us with the results of their work before publication. M.Y., B.J.D., and T.C.K. acknowledge support from the Welch Foundation (Grants No. C-1579 and No. C-1669) and the National Science Foundation (Grants No. PHY-1205946 and No. PHY-1205973). This work has been partially supported by the FNP TEAM Programme Project Precise Optical Control and Metrology of Quantum Systems No. TEAM/2010-6/3 cofinanced by the European Union Regional Development Fund and is part of the ongoing research program of National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 032713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032713 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AQ0TN UT WOS:000342495700002 ER PT J AU Fair, PA Schaefer, AM Romano, TA Bossart, GD Lamb, SV Reif, JS AF Fair, Patricia A. Schaefer, Adam M. Romano, Tracy A. Bossart, Gregory D. Lamb, Stephen V. Reif, John S. TI Stress response of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during capture-release health assessment studies SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus); Stress hormones; Cortisol; ACTH; Aldosterone; Catecholamines ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; ESTUARINE AREAS; BELUGA WHALES; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CORTISOL; PATTERNS; PLASMA; AGE; CATECHOLAMINES; TRANSLOCATION AB There is a growing concern about the impacts of stress in marine mammals as they face a greater array of threats. The stress response of free-ranging dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) was examined by measuring their physiologic response to capture and handling. Samples were collected from 168 dolphins during capture-release health assessments 2003-2007 at two study sites: Charleston, SC (CHS) and the Indian River Lagoon, FL (IRL). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone (ALD) and catecholamines (epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NOR), dopamine (DA)), were measured in blood and cortisol in urine. Mean time to collect pre-examination samples after netting the animals was 22min; post-examination samples were taken prior to release (mean 1h 37min). EPI and DA concentrations decreased significantly with increased time to blood sampling. ACTH and cortisol levels increased from the initial capture event to the post-examination sample. EPI concentrations increased significantly with increasing time to the pre-examination sample and decreased significantly with time between the pre- and post-examination sample. Cortisol concentrations increased between the pre- and post-examination in CHS dolphins. Age- and sex-adjusted mean pre-examination values of catecholamines were significantly higher in CHS dolphins; ALD was higher in IRL dolphins. Significant differences related to age or sex included higher NOR concentrations in males; higher ALD and urine cortisol levels in juveniles than adults. Wild dolphins exhibited a typical mammalian response to acute stress of capture and restraint. Further studies that relate hormone levels to biological and health endpoints are warranted. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Romano, Tracy A.] Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Georgia Aquarium Res Ctr, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Lamb, Stephen V.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Endocrinol Lab, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, New York, NY 14853 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fair, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Dr. Forrest Townsend, Larry Hansen, Eric Zolman, Steve McCulloch, Larry Fulford, the 211 NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided, their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We thank Wayne McFee for age analysis. This study was supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate. This constitutes scientific contribution no. 222 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 206 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.002 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AQ6AJ UT WOS:000342889400022 PM 25019655 ER PT J AU Arthur, C Sutton-Grier, AE Murphy, P Bamford, H AF Arthur, Courtney Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Murphy, Peter Bamford, Holly TI Out of sight but not out of mind: Harmful effects of derelict traps in selected US coastal waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Marine debris; Derelict fishing gear; Fishery management; Marine pollution ID NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; BLUE-CRAB TRAPS; PLASTIC DEBRIS; SPINY LOBSTER; FISHING GEAR; FISHERY; POTS; ACCUMULATION; VIRGINIA; RECOVERY AB There is a paucity of data in the published literature on the ecological and economic impacts of derelict fishing traps (DFTs) in coastal ecosystems. We synthesized results from seven NOAA-funded trap fisheries studies around the United States and determined that DFT-caused losses to habitat and harvestable annual catch are pervasive, persistent, and largely preventable. Based on this synthesis, we identified key gaps to fill in order to better manage and prevent DFTs. We conclude with suggestions for developing a U.S. DFT management strategy including: (1) targeting studies to estimate mortality of fishery stocks, (2) assessing the economic impacts of DFTs on fisheries, (3) collaborating with the fishing industry to develop solutions to ghost fishing, and (4) examining the regional context and challenges resulting in DFTs to find effective policy solutions to manage, reduce, and prevent gear loss. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Arthur, Courtney] NOAA, Marine Debris Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Arthur, Courtney] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.; Bamford, Holly] NOAA, Off Assistant Administrator, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Murphy, Peter] NOAA, Marine Debris Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murphy, Peter] Genwest Syst Inc, Edmonds, WA 98020 USA. RP Arthur, C (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Div, 1305 East West Highway,N-ORR Room 10240, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM courtney.arthur@noaa.gov; Ariana.Sutton-Grier@noaa.gov; Peter.Murphy@noaa.gov; Holly.Bamford@noaa.gov OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.050 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5PC UT WOS:000342860100015 PM 25044039 ER PT J AU Good, TP Pearson, SF Hodum, P Boyd, D Anulacion, BF Ylitalo, GM AF Good, Thomas P. Pearson, Scott F. Hodum, Peter Boyd, Daryle Anulacion, Bernadita F. Ylitalo, Gina M. TI Persistent organic pollutants in forage fish prey of rhinoceros auklets breeding in Puget Sound and the northern California Current SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound; California Current; Forage fish; Salmonids; Auklet; Contaminants ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CERORHINCA-MONOCERATA; ORCINUS-ORCA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TROPHIC POSITION AB Organochlorine contaminants in upper trophic-level consumers inhabiting Puget Sound are consistently higher than in those species inhabiting other west coast locations. We analyzed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the six most common fish prey of rhinoceros auklets breeding on Protection Island (Puget Sound), Tatoosh Island (WA coast), and Destruction Island (WA coast). Wet-weight concentrations of POPs ranged widely (PCBs: 1.6-25.0 ng/g; DDTs: 0.2-56.0 ng/g; PBDEs:24 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 10 AR 101104 DI 10.1063/1.4895101 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ4IQ UT WOS:000342758700004 ER PT J AU Tiedtke, K Sorokin, AA Jastrow, U Juranic, P Kreis, S Gerken, N Richter, M Arp, U Feng, Y Nordlund, D Soufli, R Fernandez-Perea, M Juha, L Heimann, P Nagler, B Lee, HJ Mack, S Cammarata, M Krupin, O Messerschmidt, M Holmes, M Rowen, M Schlotter, W Moeller, S Turner, JJ AF Tiedtke, K. Sorokin, A. A. Jastrow, U. Juranic, P. Kreis, S. Gerken, N. Richter, M. Arp, U. Feng, Y. Nordlund, D. Soufli, R. Fernandez-Perea, M. Juha, L. Heimann, P. Nagler, B. Lee, H. J. Mack, S. Cammarata, M. Krupin, O. Messerschmidt, M. Holmes, M. Rowen, M. Schlotter, W. Moeller, S. Turner, J. J. TI Absolute pulse energy measurements of soft x-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; REGION; RADIATION; NE; AR AB This paper reports novel measurements of x-ray optical radiation on an absolute scale from the intense and ultra-short radiation generated in the soft x-ray regime of a free electron laser. We give a brief description of the detection principle for radiation measurements which was specifically adapted for this photon energy range. We present data characterizing the soft x-ray instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) with respect to the radiant power output and transmission by using an absolute detector temporarily placed at the downstream end of the instrument. This provides an estimation of the reflectivity of all x-ray optical elements in the beamline and provides the absolute photon number per bandwidth per pulse. This parameter is important for many experiments that need to understand the trade-offs between high energy resolution and high flux, such as experiments focused on studying materials via resonant processes. Furthermore, the results are compared with the LCLS diagnostic gas detectors to test the limits of linearity, and observations are reported on radiation contamination from spontaneous undulator radiation and higher harmonic content. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Tiedtke, K.; Sorokin, A. A.; Jastrow, U.; Juranic, P.; Kreis, S.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Sorokin, A. A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Gerken, N.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Richter, M.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Arp, U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, Y.; Heimann, P.; Nagler, B.; Lee, H. J.; Cammarata, M.; Krupin, O.; Messerschmidt, M.; Holmes, M.; Rowen, M.; Schlotter, W.; Moeller, S.; Turner, J. J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nordlund, D.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Soufli, R.; Fernandez-Perea, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fernandez-Perea, M.] CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Juha, L.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Mack, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Messerschmidt, M.] Natl Sci Fdn, BioXFEL Sci & Technol Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. RP Turner, JJ (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sandhill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM joshuat@slac.stanford.edu RI Messerschmidt, Marc/F-3796-2010; Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Richter, Mathias/A-2995-2011; Cammarata, Marco/C-2322-2008; Juranic, Pavle/E-7187-2017; OI Messerschmidt, Marc/0000-0002-8641-3302; Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Cammarata, Marco/0000-0003-3013-1186; Juranic, Pavle/0000-0003-4174-1924; Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Programa Nacional de Movilidad de Recursos Humanos del Plan nacional de I + D + I; Czech Ministry of Education [LG13029] FX Portions of this research were carried out on the SXR Instrument on the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The SXR Instrument is funded by a consortium whose membership include the LCLS, Stanford University through the Stanford Institute for Materials Energy Sciences (SIMES), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), University of Hamburg through the BMBF priority program FSP 301, and the Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL). The LCLS is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Financial support for Monica Fernandez-Perea was provided in part by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Programa Nacional de Movilidad de Recursos Humanos del Plan nacional de I + D + I 2008-2011. We acknowledge the support of I.A. Vartaniants, A.P. Mancuso, O.M. Yefanov and A. Singer from DESY, B. Abbey from La Trobe University, and the SXR commissioning team for support during commissioning of the SXR instrument. We also wish to acknowledge the Czech Ministry of Education for financial support within the program INGO (project LG13029). NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 18 BP 21214 EP 21226 DI 10.1364/OE.22.021214 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO5ZZ UT WOS:000341428000009 PM 25321502 ER PT J AU Jiang, LD Wang, MH AF Jiang, Lide Wang, Menghua TI Improved near-infrared ocean reflectance correction algorithm for satellite ocean color data processing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; EAST CHINA SEA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION ALGORITHM; OPTICAL PROPERTY DATA; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; BOHAI SEA; SPECTRAL RELATIONSHIPS; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; TURBID COASTAL; YELLOW SEA AB A new approach for the near-infrared (NIR) ocean reflectance correction in atmospheric correction for satellite ocean color data processing in coastal and inland waters is proposed, which combines the advantages of the three existing NIR ocean reflectance correction algorithms, i.e., Bailey et al. (2010) [ Opt. Express 18, 7521 (2010)], Ruddick et al. (2000) [ Appl. Opt. 39, 897 (2000)], and Wang et al. (2012) [ Opt. Express 20, 741 (2012)], and is named BMW. The normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL(w)(lambda) obtained from this new NIR-based atmospheric correction approach are evaluated against those obtained from the shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithm, as well as those from some existing NIR atmospheric correction algorithms based on several case studies. The scenes selected for case studies are obtained from two different satellite ocean color sensors, i.e., the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP), with an emphasis on several turbid water regions in the world. The new approach has shown to produce nL(w)(lambda) spectra most consistent with the SWIR results among all NIR algorithms. Furthermore, validations against the in situ measurements also show that in less turbid water regions the new approach produces reasonable and similar results comparable to the current operational algorithm. In addition, by combining the new NIR atmospheric correction with the SWIR-based approach, the new NIR-SWIR atmospheric correction can produce further improved ocean color products. The new NIR atmospheric correction can be implemented in a global operational satellite ocean color data processing system. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Lide; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. The authors are grateful to all of the scientists and investigators who have contributed valuable in situ data to the SeaBASS database, and we thank the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for maintaining and distributing the SeaBASS database. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 18 BP 21657 EP 21678 DI 10.1364/OE.22.021657 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO5ZZ UT WOS:000341428000050 PM 25321543 ER PT J AU Jeffries, JR Veiga, LSI Fabbris, G Haskel, D Huang, P Butch, NP McCall, SK Holliday, K Jenei, Z Xiao, Y Chow, P AF Jeffries, J. R. Veiga, L. S. I. Fabbris, G. Haskel, D. Huang, P. Butch, N. P. McCall, S. K. Holliday, K. Jenei, Z. Xiao, Y. Chow, P. TI Robust ferromagnetism in the compressed permanent magnet Sm2Co17 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPIN TRANSITION; BAND-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; RARE-EARTHS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; COBALT; IRON AB The compound Sm2CO17 displays magnetic properties amenable to permanent magnet applications owing to both the 3d electrons of Co and the 4f electrons of Sm. The long-standing description of the magnetic interactions between the Sm and Co ions implies a truly ferromagnetic configuration, but some recent calculations challenge this axiom, suggesting at least a propensity for ferrimagnetic behavior. We have used high-pressure synchrotron x-ray techniques to characterize the magnetic and structural properties of Sm2Co17 to reveal a robust ferromagnetic state. The local Sm moment is at most weakly affected by compression, and the ordered moments show a surprising resilience to volumetric compressions of nearly 20%. Density functional theory calculations echo the magnetic robustness of Sm2Co17. C1 [Jeffries, J. R.; Huang, P.; McCall, S. K.; Holliday, K.; Jenei, Z.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Veiga, L. S. I.; Fabbris, G.; Haskel, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Veiga, L. S. I.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Veiga, L. S. I.] Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Fabbris, G.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Huang, P.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Y.; Chow, P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fabbris, Gilberto/F-3244-2011; McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Fabbris, Gilberto/0000-0001-8278-4985; McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944; Huang, Patrick/0000-0003-4833-8134 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; FAPESP (SP-Brazil) [2013/14338-3]; DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0001974]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45775, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF FX We graciously thank K. Visbeck for assistance with DAC preparation and C. Kenney-Benson for assistance with setup at the Advanced Photon Source. This work was performed under LDRD (Tracking Code 12-ERD-013) and under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. L. S. I. Veiga is supported by FAPESP (SP-Brazil) under Contract No. 2013/14338-3. Portions of this work were performed at Sector 4 and at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No. DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award No. DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. APS is supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamtime was provided by the General User Proposal system and the Carnegie DOE-Alliance Center (CDAC). Identification of commercial materials or equipment does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 10 AR 104408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.104408 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO4GO UT WOS:000341294700005 ER PT J AU Garrity, KF Vanderbilt, D AF Garrity, Kevin F. Vanderbilt, David TI Chern insulator at a magnetic rocksalt interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; HALL; OXIDE AB Considerable efforts have recently been devoted to the experimental realization of a two-dimensional Chern insulator, i.e., a system displaying a quantum anomalous Hall effect. However, existing approaches such as those based on magnetic doping of topological-insulator thin films have resulted in small band gaps, restricting the effect to low temperatures. We use first-principles calculations to demonstrate that an interface between thin films of the topologically trivial ferromagnetic insulators EuO and GdN can result in a band inversion and a nonzero Chern number. Both materials are stoichiometric and the interface is nonpolar and lattice-matched, which should allow this interface to be achievable experimentally. We show that the band structure can be tuned by layer thickness or epitaxial strain, and can result in Chern insulators with gaps of over 0.1 eV. C1 [Garrity, Kevin F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vanderbilt, David] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Garrity, KF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Vanderbilt, David/0000-0002-2465-9091 FU NSF [DMR-10-05838] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-10-05838. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 12 AR 121103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.121103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO4GS UT WOS:000341295100001 ER PT J AU Mauldin, TC Zammarano, M Gilman, JW Shields, JR Boday, DJ AF Mauldin, Timothy C. Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. Shields, John R. Boday, Dylan J. TI Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLY(LACTIC ACID); DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; THERMAL-STABILITY; POLYLACTIDE; DIOLS; POLYMERIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; FLAMMABILITY; POLYMERS AB A new isosorbide-based polyphosphate was synthesized and applied as a flame-retardant for polylactic acid (PLA). The storage modulus and glass transition temperature of PLA/polyphosphonate blends was unaffected by the inclusion of polyphosphonate, but moderate depressions of PLA's tensile strength (16%, 28%, and 45% reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) and strain-at-break (0%, 17%, and 30% reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) were observed. Modified UL-94 flammability testing indicated that isosorbide-based polyphosphonates are effective flame retardants for PLA and are able to self-extinguish flames in less than 2 s to achieve V2 and V0 ratings at polyphosphonate mass percentage of 5% and 15%, respectively. Fire test data indicates a gas phase mechanism that can quench the flame when no external radiant heat flux is present (e.g., in modified UL-94 testing) but does not affect the materials heat release rate in forced combustion (e.g., in cone calorimetry). Use of the biobased flame retardants described herein yields flame retardant PLA containing up to 97% by mass of bio-derived content. C1 [Mauldin, Timothy C.; Boday, Dylan J.] IBM Corp, Mat Engn, Tucson, AZ 85744 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Shields, John R.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Boday, DJ (reprint author), IBM Corp, Mat Engn, Tucson, AZ 85744 USA. EM dboday@us.ibm.com NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 14 U2 96 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 EI 1759-9962 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PD SEP 7 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 17 BP 5139 EP 5146 DI 10.1039/c4py00591k PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AN4TK UT WOS:000340581200031 ER PT J AU Marvel, JA Bostelman, R AF Marvel, Jeremy A. Bostelman, Roger TI A Cross-domain Survey of Metrics for Modelling and Evaluating Collisions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Collision Metrics; Collision Modelling; Robot Collisions; Mobile Robot Collisions; Vehicular Collisions ID HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION; OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; SAFETY ASSESSMENT; DISTANCE; MANIPULATORS; PARKING; PENETRATION; COMPUTATION; ENVIRONMENT; FRAMEWORK AB This paper provides a brief survey of the metrics for measuring probability, degree, and severity of collisions as applied to autonomous and intelligent systems. Though not exhaustive, this survey evaluates the state-of-the-art of collision metrics, and assesses which are likely to aid in the establishment and support of autonomous system collision modelling. The survey includes metrics for 1) robot arms; 2) mobile robot platforms; 3) nonholonomic physical systems such as ground vehicles, aircraft, and naval vessels, and; 4) virtual and mathematical models. C1 [Marvel, Jeremy A.; Bostelman, Roger] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov NR 116 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE 9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA SN 1729-8806 EI 1729-8814 J9 INT J ADV ROBOT SYST JI Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. PD SEP 5 PY 2014 VL 11 AR 142 DI 10.5772/58846 PG 15 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA AO5HV UT WOS:000341375700001 ER PT J AU Dong, QX Chow, LC Wang, TX Frukhtbeyn, SA Wang, F Yang, MS Mitchell, JW AF Dong, Quanxiao Chow, Laurence C. Wang, Tongxin Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A. Wang, Feng Yang, Mingshu Mitchell, James W. TI A new bioactive polylactide-based composite with high mechanical strength SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE Polylactide; Tetracalcium phosphate; Mechanical properties; Composite ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; TETRACALCIUM PHOSPHATE; POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; COUPLING AGENTS; L-LACTIDE; HYDROXYAPATITE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB A new bioresorbable polylactide/calcium phosphate composite with improved mechanical strengths and a more basic filler, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), was prepared by melt compounding. N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) were used to improve the interfacial adhesion between TTCP and polylactide (PLA). While AEAPS improved the dispersion of TTCP in the matrix, PMDA might react with the terminal hydroxyl group of PLA and the amino group on the surface of AEAPS modified TTCP, which could further enhance the interfacial strength. The tensile strength was improved to 68.4 MPa for the PLA/TTCP-AEAPS composite from 51.5 MPa for the PLA/TTCP composite (20 wt% of TTCP). Dynamic mechanical analysis suggested that there was a 51% improvement in storage modulus compared to that of PLA alone, when PMDA (0.2 wt% of PMDA) was incorporated into the PLA/TTCP-AEAPS composite (5 wt% of TTCP). Using this new bioresorbable PLA composite incorporated with a more basic filler for biomedical application, the inflammation and allergic effect resulted from the degraded acidic product are expected to be reduced. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, Quanxiao; Chow, Laurence C.; Mitchell, James W.] Howard Univ, Crest Ctr Nanomat, Coll Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Dong, Quanxiao; Wang, Tongxin] Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.; Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dong, Quanxiao; Wang, Feng; Yang, Mingshu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Engn Plast, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Dong, Quanxiao] Beijing Bldg Construct Res Inst Co Ltd, Beijing Engn Res Ctr Architectural Funct Macromol, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Wang, TX (reprint author), Howard Univ, Crest Ctr Nanomat, Coll Engn, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM twang@howard.edu; yms@iccas.ac.cn FU National Institutes of Health of the USA [NIH/NIDCR/R01DE021786]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51133009]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB720300] FX Ms. Shijuan Chen and Ms. Ge Li of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences are thanked for the mechanical and thermal analysis testing. This work was financially supported by National Institutes of Health of the USA (NIH/NIDCR/R01DE021786), partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51133009) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2012CB720300). NR 55 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 EI 1873-4359 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD SEP 5 PY 2014 VL 457 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.047 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AN1KG UT WOS:000340340600033 PM 25419050 ER PT J AU Edmonds, MT Hellerstedt, JT Tadich, A Schenk, A O'Donnell, KM Tosado, J Butch, NP Syers, P Paglione, J Fuhrer, MS AF Edmonds, Mark T. Hellerstedt, Jack T. Tadich, Anton Schenk, Alex O'Donnell, Kane Michael Tosado, Jacob Butch, Nicholas P. Syers, Paul Paglione, Johnpierre Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Stability and Surface Reconstruction of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 on Exposure to Atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID BI2TE3; BI AB The stability of the surface of vacuum-cleaved topological insulator Bi2Se3 single crystals is investigated with high-resolution synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. While the surface is stable at room temperature in vacuum, a Bi-2 layer always forms at the surface of Bi2Se3 upon even brief (5 min) exposure to atmosphere. This is accompanied by a depletion of selenium in the near surface region and a 1.4 eV decrease in work function. The Bi-2 surface is found to be stable upon return to ultrahigh vacuum conditions but is unstable with prolonged exposure to air, ultimately resulting in two possible different reconstructed surfaces, explaining previous contradictory results on long-term atmosphere exposure of Bi2Se3. C1 [Edmonds, Mark T.; Hellerstedt, Jack T.; Tosado, Jacob; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Hellerstedt, Jack T.; Tosado, Jacob; Butch, Nicholas P.; Syers, Paul; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tadich, Anton; O'Donnell, Kane Michael] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Schenk, Alex] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [O'Donnell, Kane Michael] Curtin Univ, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM michael.fuhrer@monash.edu RI Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; O'Donnell, Kane/0000-0002-2033-9090 FU ARC Laureate Fellowship; US NSF [DMR-11-05224]; NSF [DMR-0952716] FX M.S.F. is supported by an ARC Laureate Fellowship. J.T.H. is supported by US NSF award DMR-11-05224. Preparation of Bi2Se3 was supported by NSF (DMR-0952716). Photoemission measurements were performed at the Soft X-ray Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. Identification of commercial materials or equipment does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 4 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 35 BP 20413 EP 20419 DI 10.1021/jp506089b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AO4UU UT WOS:000341337700040 ER PT J AU Pookpanratana, S Savchenko, I Natoli, SN Cummings, SP Richter, LJ Robertson, JWF Richter, CA Ren, T Hacker, CA AF Pookpanratana, Sujitra Savchenko, Iulia Natoli, Sean N. Cummings, Steven P. Richter, Lee J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Richter, Curt A. Ren, Tong Hacker, Christina A. TI Attachment of a Diruthenium Compound to Au and SiO2/Si Surfaces by "Click" Chemistry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; AZIDE-ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; REDOX-ACTIVE MOLECULES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRODE SURFACES; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; H-2 PRODUCTION; FERMI-LEVEL; TRANSPORT; INTERFACES AB Fabrication of electrodes with functionalized properties is of interest in many electronic applications with the surface impacting the electrical and electronic properties of devices. We report the formation of molecular monolayers containing a redox-active diruthenium(II,III) compound to gold and silicon surfaces via "click" chemistry. The use of Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition enables modular design of molecular surfaces and interfaces and allows for a variety of substrates to be functionalized. Attachment of the diruthenium compound is monitored by using infrared and photoelectron spectroscopies. The highest occupied molecular (or system) orbital of the "clicked-on" diruthenium is clearly seen in the photoemission measurements and is mainly attributed to the presence of the Ru atoms. The "click" attachment is robust and provides a route to investigate the evolution of the electronic structure and properties of novel molecules attached to a variety of electrodes. The ability to attach this redox-active Ru molecule onto SiO2 and Au surfaces is important for the development of functional molecular devices such as charge-based memory devices. C1 [Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Savchenko, Iulia; Natoli, Sean N.; Cummings, Steven P.; Ren, Tong] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pookpanratana, S (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sujitra@nist.gov; christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NIST NRC-ARRA postdoctoral associateship; National Science Foundation [CHE 1057621] FX S.P. acknowledges support from the NIST NRC-ARRA postdoctoral associateship. Work at Purdue is supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1057621). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 34 BP 10280 EP 10289 DI 10.1021/la501670c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AO3LG UT WOS:000341230100018 PM 25110126 ER PT J AU Leiner, J Thampy, V Christianson, AD Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Lumsden, MD Sefat, AS Sales, BC Hu, J Mao, ZQ Bao, W Broholm, C AF Leiner, J. Thampy, V. Christianson, A. D. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Lumsden, M. D. Sefat, A. S. Sales, B. C. Hu, Jin Mao, Zhiqiang Bao, Wei Broholm, C. TI Modified magnetism within the coherence volume of superconducting Fe1+delta SexTe1-x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPIN EXCITATIONS; PAIRING MECHANISM; CONDENSATION; RESONANCE; ENERGY AB Neutron scattering is used to probe magnetic interactions as superconductivity develops in optimally doped Fe1+delta SexTe1-x. Applying the first moment sum rule to comprehensive neutron scattering data, we extract the change in magnetic exchange energy Delta[J(R-R')< S-R . S-R'>] in the superconducting state referenced to the normal state. Oscillatory changes are observed for Fe-Fe displacements |Delta R| < xi where xi = 1.3(1) nm is the superconducting coherence length. Dominated by a large reduction in the second nearest neighbor exchange energy [-1.2(2) meV/Fe], the overall reduction in magnetic interaction energy is Delta < H-mag > = -0.31(9) meV/Fe. Comparison to the superconducting condensation energy Delta E-SC = -0.013(1) meV/Fe, which we extract from specific heat data, suggests the modified magnetism we probe drives superconductivity in Fe1+delta SexTe1-x. C1 [Leiner, J.; Christianson, A. D.; Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.; Lumsden, M. D.; Broholm, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thampy, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Thampy, V.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Thampy, V.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sefat, A. S.; Sales, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Correlated Electron Mat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hu, Jin; Mao, Zhiqiang] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bao, Wei] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Broholm, C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leiner, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leinerjc@ornl.gov RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Hu, Jin/C-4141-2014; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Hu, Jin/0000-0003-0080-4239; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU UT-Battelle LDRD [3211-2440]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-1205469]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB921700, 2011CBA00112]; National Science Foundation of China [11034012, 11190024] FX This project was supported by UT-Battelle LDRD No. 3211-2440. Facilities utilized at NIST were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Research conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. A.S. and B.C.S. were supported by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The work at Tulane is supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1205469. The work at RUC was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China Grants No. 2012CB921700 and No. 2011CBA00112, and by the National Science Foundation of China Grants No. 11034012 and No. 11190024. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 10 AR 100501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.100501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3NU UT WOS:000341239100002 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Srivastava, A Telu, KH Simon-Manso, Y AF Wallace, W. E. Srivastava, A. Telu, K. H. Simon-Manso, Y. TI Pairwise alignment of chromatograms using an extended Fisher-Rao metric SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Alignment; Chromatography; Metabolomics; Registration; Retention time; Warping ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A conceptually new approach for aligning chromatograms is introduced and applied to examples of metabolite identification in human blood plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A square-root representation of the chromatogram's derivative coupled with an extended Fisher-Rao metric enables the computation of relative differences between chromatograms. Minimization of these differences using a common dynamic programming algorithm brings the chromatograms into alignment. Application to a complex sample, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material 1950, Metabolites in Human Plasma, analyzed by two different LC-MS methods having significantly different ranges of elution time is described. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Wallace, W. E.; Telu, K. H.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srivastava, A.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simon-Manso, Y.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srivastava, A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM William.Wallace@nist.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 841 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AM6QY UT WOS:000339990900002 PM 25109856 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL AF Pitman, Robert L. TI One Small Catch SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE PI NEW YORK PA 36 WEST 25TH STREET, FIFTH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 122 IS 7 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO1CY UT WOS:000358891700012 ER PT J AU Kim, HC Son, S Montagna, P Spiering, B Nam, J AF Kim, Hae-Cheol Son, Seunghyun Montagna, Paul Spiering, Bruce Nam, Jungho TI Linkage between Freshwater Inflow and Primary Productivity in Texas Estuaries: Downscaling Effects of Climate Variability SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENSO; MODIS; tele-connection; climatic gradient; chlorophyll; ecosystem responses ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; LAVACA-COLORADO ESTUARY; LONG-TERM TRENDS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN-CYCLE; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB The estuaries of Texas are lagoons that lie in a climatic gradient in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Estuaries located in the northeastern part of the Texas coast receive more rainfall than estuaries in the southwestern part, and consequently greater runoff and concomitant freshwater inflow. Extreme inter-annual variability of precipitation caused by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is another characteristic of the Texas coast. During El Nino periods, salinities in Texas estuaries decrease because of increased precipitation and increased freshwater inflow to the coast. During La Nina periods, salinities increase due to drier climatic conditions and reduced freshwater inflow. The combination of the climatic gradient and temporal variability of freshwater inflow drive changes in the frequency, timing, duration, and magnitude of river flows to coastal waters, which in turn control the salinity, nutrients, organic matter, and sediments in Texas estuaries. Chlorophyll biomass, as an indicator of primary production, was estimated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from July 2002 to December 2011 for all Texas estuaries. The climate patterns in the Pacific Ocean delivers a cascading signal via freshwater inflow changes to estuaries that effects primary production subsequently. The maximum correlation was found at the 5th lag (month) with correlation coefficient (rho) being 0.45 (NINO3.4 is fixed as a reference). The combination of the local climatic gradient and quasi-periodic natural variability in ENSO has been influencing estuarine ecosystem dynamics over decadal scales in this region. The present study demonstrates that freshwater inflow is an important driver in maintaining primary productivity of Texas estuaries, which is required to maintain estuarine health and sustainability. C1 [Kim, Hae-Cheol] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, Seunghyun] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Montagna, Paul] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Spiering, Bruce] NASA, Appl Sci & Technol Project Off, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Nam, Jungho] Korea Maritime Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Nam, J (reprint author), Korea Maritime Inst, Seoul, South Korea. EM jhnam@kmi.re.kr FU Korea Maritime Institute (KMI); NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program [NA11SEC4810001] FX The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestion. This publication was made possible, in part, by Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) as part of a funded research, "Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Watershed Development on Coastal and Marine Areas" and, in part, by NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award (NA11SEC4810001). Computational facilities were supported by Harte Research Institute and National Centers for Environmental Prediction at NOAA. Its contents do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 40 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2014 SI 68 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.2112/SI68-009.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AX8FM UT WOS:000347145600010 ER PT J AU Kao, YC Adlerstein, S Rutherford, E AF Kao, Yu-Chun Adlerstein, Sara Rutherford, Edward TI The relative impacts of nutrient loads and invasive species on a Great Lakes food web: An Ecopath with Ecosim analysis SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Food web; Invasive species; Environmental stressors; Saginaw Bay; Lake Huron; Management ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SAGINAW BAY; ZEBRA MUSSEL; YELLOW PERCH; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; EMERALD SHINERS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; FISH COMMUNITY; WATER-QUALITY; RAINBOW SMELT AB Excessive nutrient loads and species invasions pose significant threats to productivity and function of Great Lakes aquatic ecosystems. We used an Ecopath and Ecosim model to analyze impacts of changes in phosphorus loads, and dreissenid mussels and alewife biomass on the Saginaw Bay food web, Lake Huron. We configured the food web model in Ecopath with pre-dreissenid (1990) data on organism biomass, production, consumption, and diet from federal and state agency surveys and other sources. We conducted 70-year simulations in Ecosim of single factors (nutrients, alewives, and dreissenids) and their combinations. Phosphorus load scenarios were run with high (1970s), average (current), and low (target) levels; alewife scenarios were run with double the 1990-2003 average biomass, 1990-2003 average biomass, and alewife absence; dreissenid scenarios were run with the 1990-1996 average biomass, current (2009-2010) biomass, and dreissenid absence. Results indicated that phosphorus loads were positively correlated with simulated biomass of most food web groups, and alewife biomass was negatively correlated with biomass of most fish groups and macrozooplankton. Dreissenid impacts were most severe on lower trophic levels but were relatively minor for fish groups compared with nutrient and alewife scenarios. Dreissenids had little effect on fish because Chironomids, which feed on detritus and are the main component of fish diets, were not affected by dreissenids. Our results suggest that, under current conditions of absence of alewives and reduced dreissenid biomass, the target nutrient loads established in 1978 would not sustain current fishery harvests in Saginaw Bay given food web changes caused by invasive species. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kao, Yu-Chun; Adlerstein, Sara] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward] Natl Ocean & Atrriospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Adlerstein, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM adlerste@umich.edu RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017; OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW-13-92359501]; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [GL-00E00604-0, NA10NOS4780218] FX We are indebted to Hongyan Zhang (Univ. Michigan-UM) for thoughtful discussions about the EwE program package, and Jason Breck (UM) for assistance in interpreting the source code to implement the EwE. We also thank Robert Haas, David Fielder and Michael Thomas (Michigan Dept. Natural Resources-MDNR) for providing fish data, Thomas Nalepa and Henry Vanderploeg of NOAA GLERL for providing lower food web data, and Zhenming Su (MDNR) for providing recreational fishery data. We thank Eugene Stoermer (UM), deeply missed, for his guidance on phytoplankton issues. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Work for the food web model was initiated with funding from Michigan Sea Grant. This research was also partly funded by awards number DW-13-92359501 from the US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Restoration Initiative entitled "Identify Land Use Indicators and Tipping Points That Threaten Great Lakes Ecosystems", award number GL-00E00604-0 entitled "Lake Huron invasions, food webs, and fisheries: a case study", and award number NA10NOS4780218 from the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research entitled "Forecasting spread and bioeconomic impacts of aquatic invasive species from multiple pathways to improve management and policy in the Great Lakes." This article is Contr. No. 1678 of the NOM Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 119 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 SU 1 SI SI BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jgh.2014.01.010 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI1TH UT WOS:000336637200006 ER PT J AU Meier, WN Hovelsrud, GK van Oort, BEH Key, JR Kovacs, KM Michel, C Haas, C Granskog, MA Gerland, S Perovich, DK Makshtas, A Reist, JD AF Meier, Walter N. Hovelsrud, Greta K. van Oort, Bob E. H. Key, Jeffrey R. Kovacs, Kit M. Michel, Christine Haas, Christian Granskog, Mats A. Gerland, Sebastian Perovich, Donald K. Makshtas, Alexander Reist, James D. TI Arctic sea ice in transformation: A review of recent observed changes and impacts on biology and human activity SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; SUBSURFACE CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA; POLAR BEAR POPULATIONS; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; MARINE MAMMALS; FRAM STRAIT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BELUGA WHALES; TIPPING POINT AB Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all months show statistically significant declining trends. New satellite missions and techniques have greatly expanded information on sea ice thickness, but many uncertainties remain in the satellite data and long-term records are sparse. However, thickness observations and other satellite-derived data indicate a 40% decline in thickness, due in large part to the loss of thicker, older ice cover. The changes in sea ice are happening faster than models have projected. With continued increasing temperatures, summer ice-free conditions are likely sometime in the coming decades, though there are substantial uncertainties in the exact timing and high interannual variability will remain as sea ice decreases. The changes in Arctic sea ice are already having an impact on flora and fauna in the Arctic. Some species will face increasing challenges in the future, while new habitat will open up for other species. The changes are also affecting people living and working in the Arctic. Native communities are facing challenges to their traditional ways of life, while new opportunities open for shipping, fishing, and natural resource extraction. Significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding of Arctic sea ice and its role in climate, the ecosystem, and human activities. However, significant challenges remain in furthering the knowledge of the processes, impacts, and future evolution of the system. C1 [Meier, Walter N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hovelsrud, Greta K.; van Oort, Bob E. H.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Hovelsrud, Greta K.] Nordland Res Inst, Bodo, Norway. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Kovacs, Kit M.; Granskog, Mats A.; Gerland, Sebastian] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway. [Michel, Christine; Reist, James D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Haas, Christian] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci & Geophys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Perovich, Donald K.] US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Makshtas, Alexander] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM walt.meier@nasa.gov RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Haas, Christian/L-5279-2016; OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Haas, Christian/0000-0002-7674-3500; Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 FU Arctic Council; NASA; NOAA; U.S. Department of Defense; Norwegian Polar Institute; Fisheries and Oceans Canada FX This work was supported by the Arctic Council and the agencies employing and funding the authors including NASA, NOAA, U.S. Department of Defense, the Norwegian Polar Institute, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 270 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 24 U2 187 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 185 EP 217 DI 10.1002/2013RG000431 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU5MI UT WOS:000345650700001 ER PT J AU Filstrup, CT Wagner, T Soranno, PA Stanley, EH Stow, CA Webster, KE Downing, JA AF Filstrup, Christopher T. Wagner, Tyler Soranno, Patricia A. Stanley, Emily H. Stow, Craig A. Webster, Katherine E. Downing, John A. TI Regional variability among nonlinear chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships in lakes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; SIGMOID RELATIONSHIPS; NUTRIENT CRITERIA; ALGAL BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; WATER; LANDSCAPE; RETENTION; NITROGEN; WETLANDS AB The relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total phosphorus (TP) is a fundamental relationship in lakes that reflects multiple aspects of ecosystem function and is also used in the regulation and management of inland waters. The exact form of this relationship has substantial implications on its meaning and its use. We assembled a spatially extensive data set to examine whether nonlinear models are a better fit for Chl a TP relationships than traditional log-linear models, whether there were regional differences in the form of the relationships, and, if so, which regional factors were related to these differences. We analyzed a data set from 2105 temperate lakes across 35 ecoregions by fitting and comparing two different nonlinear models and one log-linear model. The two nonlinear models fit the data better than the log-linear model. In addition, the parameters for the best-fitting model varied among regions: the maximum and lower Chl a asymptotes were positively and negatively related to percent regional pasture land use, respectively, and the rate at which chlorophyll increased with TP was negatively related to percent regional wetland cover. Lakes in regions with more pasture fields had higher maximum chlorophyll concentrations at high TP concentrations but lower minimum chlorophyll concentrations at low TP concentrations. Lakes in regions with less wetland cover showed a steeper Chl a-TP relationship than wetland-rich regions. Interpretation of Chl a-TP relationships depends on regional differences, and theory and management based on a monolithic relationship may be inaccurate. C1 [Filstrup, Christopher T.; Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Soranno, Patricia A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Filstrup, CT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM filstrup@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818]; Iowa Department of Natural Resources [ESD04HALFasch110155]; Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818) and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (ESD04HALFasch110155). K.E.W. thanks the Strive Programme (2011-W-FS-7) from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland, for support. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1703 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1691 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QE UT WOS:000345462100019 ER PT J AU Yu, XL Lund, SP Greenwald, JW Records, AH Scott, RA Nettleton, D Lindow, SE Gross, DC Beattie, GA AF Yu, Xilan Lund, Steven P. Greenwald, Jessica W. Records, Angela H. Scott, Russell A. Nettleton, Dan Lindow, Steven E. Gross, Dennis C. Beattie, Gwyn A. TI Transcriptional Analysis of the Global Regulatory Networks Active in Pseudomonas syringae during Leaf Colonization SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID III SECRETION SYSTEM; PV. TOMATO DC3000; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY; SIGMA-FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL FITNESS; RESPONSE REGULATOR; EPIPHYTIC FITNESS; STRESS TOLERANCE; NONCODING RNAS; VI SECRETION AB The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a grows and survives on leaf surfaces and in the leaf apoplast of its host, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). To understand the contribution of distinct regulators to B728a fitness and pathogenicity, we performed a transcriptome analysis of strain B728a and nine regulatory mutants recovered from the surfaces and interior of leaves and exposed to environmental stresses in culture. The quorum-sensing regulators AhlR and AefR influenced few genes in planta or in vitro. In contrast, GacS and a downstream regulator, SalA, formed a large regulatory network that included a branch that regulated diverse traits and was independent of plant-specific environmental signals and a plant signal-dependent branch that positively regulated secondary metabolite genes and negatively regulated the type III secretion system. SalA functioned as a central regulator of iron status based on its reciprocal regulation of pyoverdine and achromobactin genes and also sulfur uptake, suggesting a role in the iron-sulfur balance. RetS functioned almost exclusively to repress secondary metabolite genes when the cells were not on leaves. Among the sigma factors examined, AlgU influenced many more genes than RpoS, and most AlgU-regulated genes depended on RpoN. RpoN differentially impacted many AlgU-and GacS-activated genes in cells recovered from apoplastic versus epiphytic sites, suggesting differences in environmental signals or bacterial stress status in these two habitats. Collectively, our findings illustrate a central role for GacS, SalA, RpoN, and AlgU in global regulation in B728a in planta and a high level of plasticity in these regulators' responses to distinct environmental signals. IMPORTANCE Leaves harbor abundant microorganisms, all of which must withstand challenges such as active plant defenses and a highly dynamic environment. Some of these microbes can influence plant health. Despite knowledge of individual regulators that affect the fitness or pathogenicity of foliar pathogens, our understanding of the relative importance of various global regulators to leaf colonization is limited. Pseudomonas syringae strain B728a is a plant pathogen and a good colonist of both the surfaces and interior of leaves. This study used global transcript profiles of strain B728a to investigate the complex regulatory network of putative quorum-sensing regulators, two-component regulators, and sigma factors in cells colonizing the leaf surface and leaf interior under stressful in vitro conditions. The results highlighted the value of evaluating these networks in planta due to the impact of leaf-specific environmental signals and suggested signal differences that may enable cells to differentiate surface versus interior leaf habitats. C1 [Yu, Xilan; Beattie, Gwyn A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lund, Steven P.; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Lund, Steven P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Greenwald, Jessica W.; Records, Angela H.; Gross, Dennis C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scott, Russell A.; Lindow, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beattie, GA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gbeattie@iastate.edu FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program from U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35600-18766] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant 2008-35600-18766 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 5 IS 5 AR e01683-14 DI 10.1128/mBio.01683-14 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AU2OY UT WOS:000345459000037 PM 25182327 ER PT J AU Edwards, LM Bunkers, MJ Abatzoglou, JT Todey, DP Parker, LE AF Edwards, Laura M. Bunkers, Matthew J. Abatzoglou, John T. Todey, Dennis P. Parker, Lauren E. TI OCTOBER 2013 BLIZZARD IN WESTERN SOUTH DAKOTA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB An early October blizzard in South Dakota is determined to be climatologically anomalous. Climate models suggest that early autumn extreme snowfall events in western South Dakota are less likely due to anthropogenic climate change. C1 [Edwards, Laura M.] South Dakota State Univ Extens, Aberdeen, SD 57401 USA. [Bunkers, Matthew J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. [Abatzoglou, John T.; Parker, Lauren E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Todey, Dennis P.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Edwards, LM (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ Extens, Aberdeen, SD 57401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S23 EP S26 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500007 ER PT J AU Herring, SC Hoerling, MP Peterson, TC Stott, PA AF Herring, Stephanie C. Hoerling, Martin P. Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. TI SUMMARY AND BROADER CONTEXT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This report contributes to the growing body of evidence that human influences on climate have changed the risk of some extreme events and that scientists are increasingly able to detect these changes, A failure to find anthropogenic signals for several events examined in this report does not prove anthropogenic climate change had no role to play. Rather, an anthropogenic contribution to these events that is distinguishable from natural climate variability could not be detected by these analyses. Thus, there may have been an anthropogenic role, but these particular analyses did not find one. This year, the number of events analyzed in this report has again increased, and the range of event types analyzed has expanded to include a blizzard, snowfall, and a midlatitude cyclone. C1 [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Stott, Peter A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Herring, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S82 EP S84 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500024 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Wolter, K Perlwitz, J Quan, XW Eischeid, J Wang, HL Schubert, S Diaz, H Dole, R AF Hoerling, Martin Wolter, Klaus Perlwitz, Judith Quan, Xiaowei Eischeid, Jon Wang, Hailan Schubert, Siegfried Diaz, Henry Dole, Randall TI NORTHEAST COLORADO EXTREME RAINS INTERPRETED IN A CLIMATE CHANGE CONTEXT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The probability for an extreme five-day September rainfall event over northeast Colorado, as was observed in early September 2013, has likely decreased due to climate change. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Dole, Randall] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wolter, Klaus; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiaowei; Eischeid, Jon; Diaz, Henry] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Hailan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S15 EP S18 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500005 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Zeng, FR Wittenberg, AT AF Knutson, Thomas R. Zeng, Fanrong Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI SEASONAL AND ANNUAL MEAN PRECIPITATION EXTREMES OCCURRING DURING 2013: A U.S. FOCUSED ANALYSIS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 model analyses suggest that seasonal and annual mean precipitation extremes occurring during 2013 in north-central and eastern U.S. regions, while primarily attributable to intrinsic variability, were also partly attributable to anthropogenic and natural forcings combined. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Zeng, Fanrong; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S19 EP S23 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500006 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Zeng, FR Wittenberg, AT AF Knutson, Thomas R. Zeng, Fanrong Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT OF EXTREME ANNUAL-MEAN WARM ANOMALIES DURING 2013 OVER REGIONS OF AUSTRALIA AND THE WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB CMIP5 simulations suggest that the extremely warm year observed over Australia and the for western Pacific during 2013 was largely attributable to human forcing of the climate system. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Zeng, Fanrong; Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S26 EP S30 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500008 ER PT J AU Stott, PA Hegerl, GC Herring, SC Hoerling, MP Peterson, TC Zhang, XB Zwiers, FW AF Stott, Peter A. Hegerl, Gabriele C. Herring, Stephanie C. Hoerling, Martin P. Peterson, Thomas C. Zhang, Xuebin Zwiers, Francis W. TI INTRODUCTION TO EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2013 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; HEAT WAVES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HISTORICAL SIMULATIONS C1 [Stott, Peter A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAAs Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zwiers, Francis W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Stott, PA (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RI Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 294 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 SU S BP S1 EP S96 PG 96 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3FD UT WOS:000344820500001 ER PT J AU Ceriani, SA Roth, JD Sasso, CR McClellan, CM James, MC Haas, HL Smolowitz, RJ Evans, DR Addison, DS Bagley, DA Ehrhart, LM Weishampel, JF AF Ceriani, Simona A. Roth, James D. Sasso, Christopher R. McClellan, Catherine M. James, Michael C. Haas, Heather L. Smolowitz, Ronald J. Evans, Daniel R. Addison, David S. Bagley, Dean A. Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. Weishampel, John F. TI Modeling and mapping isotopic patterns in the Northwest Atlantic derived from loggerhead sea turtles SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon-13; Caretta caretta; geographic assignment models; isoscapes; migratory connectivity; Northwest Atlantic; nitrogen-15; satellite telemetry; stable isotopes ID CARETTA-CARETTA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE TURTLES; BREEDING AGGREGATION; SATELLITE TRACKING; CARBON ISOTOPES; FORAGING AREAS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; ECOLOGY AB Stable isotope analysis can be used to infer geospatial linkages of highly migratory species. Identifying foraging grounds of marine organisms from their isotopic signatures is becoming de rigueur as it has been with terrestrial organisms. Sea turtles are being increasingly studied using a combination of satellite telemetry and stable isotope analysis; these studies along with those from other charismatic, highly vagile, and widely distributed species (e.g., tuna, billfish, sharks, dolphins, whales) have the potential to yield large datasets to develop methodologies to decipher migratory pathways in the marine realm. We collected tissue samples (epidermis and red blood cells) for carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) stable isotope analysis from 214 individual loggerheads (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). We used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to examine how well delta C-13 and delta N-15 classify loggerhead foraging areas. The DFA model was derived from isotopic signatures of 58 loggerheads equipped with satellite tags to identify foraging locations. We assessed model accuracy with the remaining 156 untracked loggerheads that were captured at their foraging locations. The DFA model correctly identified the foraging ground of 93.0% of individuals with a probability greater than 66.7%. The results of the external validation (1) confirm that assignment models based on tracked loggerheads in the NWA are robust and (2) provide the first independent evidence supporting the use of these models for migratory marine organisms. Additionally, we used these data to generate loggerhead-specific delta C-13 and delta N-15 isoscapes, the first for a predator in the Atlantic Ocean. We found a latitudinal trend of delta C-13 values with higher values in the southern region (20-25 degrees N) and a more complex pattern with delta N-15, with intermediate latitudes (30-35 degrees N) near large coastal estuaries having higher delta N-15-enrichment. These results indicate that this method with further refinement may provide a viable, more spatially-explicit option for identifying loggerhead foraging grounds. C1 [Ceriani, Simona A.; Bagley, Dean A.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.; Weishampel, John F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Roth, James D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Sasso, Christopher R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [McClellan, Catherine M.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England. [McClellan, Catherine M.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [James, Michael C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Haas, Heather L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Smolowitz, Ronald J.] Coonamessett Farm Fdn, East Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. [Evans, Daniel R.] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Bagley, Dean A.] Inwater Res Grp, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. RP Ceriani, SA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Simona.Ceriani@myfwc.com RI Roth, James/N-4178-2016 FU Canadian Sea Turtle Network, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Gordon and Patricia Gray Animal Welfare Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA); U.S. Department of the Interior; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC; Atlantic Sea Scallop Research Set Aside Program; North Carolina Sea Grant Fisheries Resource Grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; New England Aquarium Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction; Oak Foundation; Sea Turtle Grants Program; sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX We thank all who collected samples that contributed to this study: the captains, fishermen, crews and fishery observers for sample collection; the NOAA NMFS NEFSC and SEFSC for providing staff time; D. Hataway, D. Foster, L. Saxon, N. Hopkins, L. Parker of the RV Georgia Bulldog and M. D. Arendt for sample collection in Canaveral; the Inwater Research Group (M. Bresette, J. Gorham, C. Mott, J. Guertin, D. Clark, C. Keske, B. and D. Witherington, M. Koperski) for collection in the Key West National Wildlife Refuge; the UCF Marine Turtle Research Group, the Sea Turtle Conservancy and the Brevard County Barrier Island Center volunteers, A. Savage, the staff and volunteers at Disney's Vero Beach Resort, the Conservancy of Southwest Florida volunteers, C. Johnson and K. Martin for assistance with satellite deployment and sampling on nesting beaches. C. M. McClellan especially thanks D. Waples and A. Read (Duke Marine Lab), J. Braun McNeil and L. Avens (NMFS SEFSC Beaufort Lab), and B. P. Wallace (Oceanic Society) for their help with NC turtle research. H. L. Haas and R. J. Smolowitz especially thank the owners, managers, and crew of the F/Vs Kathy Ann and Ms. Manya as well as the staff of the Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center and the Riverhead Foundation for Marine Research and Preservation. S. A. Ceriani thanks: G. Worthy and the PEBL Lab for providing lab access and advice; C. Amato, R. Chabot and F. Gusmao for their valuable help in the lab; E. Goddard for assistance with stable isotope analysis; M. B. Wunder, K. A. Hobson, S. L. Wilgenburg, G. J. Bowen and C. Trueman for constructive comments at the 2012 ISOECOL conference. We thank J. B. West and two anonymous reviewers for comments that considerably improved the manuscript. We thank L. Stokes (NMFS SEFSC) for assistance with sample transfer under NMFS Permit # 1551-02; D. Archibald (Canadian Sea Turtle Network), E. LaCasella and P. Dutton (NMFS SWFSC) for providing access to samples imported under CITES import Permit # 12US844694/9. Turtle samples were collected in compliance with the following permits: MTP # 025, NMFS permit # 1551, # 1260, # 16598, DFO # 326026, DFO M-11-26, the University of Central Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC protocol # 09-22W) and the Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (A146-02- 05). Funding for sampling and associated work in Canada was provided by The Canadian Sea Turtle Network, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gordon and Patricia Gray Animal Welfare Foundation, and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (USA). The collection of NEFSC and CFF samples is part of a collaborative effort to learn more about sea turtles in Mid-Atlantic waters. Funds for vessel time, crew, and some tags were supplied by the Coonamessett Farm Foundation, working with the sea scallop industry through their research set aside program. Collection of data was funded in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, through Inter-Agency Agreement; and the Atlantic Sea Scallop Research Set Aside Program. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, the North Carolina Sea Grant Fisheries Resource Grant, the New England Aquarium Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction, the Oak Foundation and the Sea Turtle Grants Program provided funding support for this project. The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate. Learn more at www.helpingseaturtles.org. NR 96 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 37 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 9 AR 122 DI 10.1890/ES14-00230.1 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT7DM UT WOS:000345097000019 ER PT J AU Partasenok, IS Groisman, PY Chekan, GS Melnik, VI AF Partasenok, Irina S. Groisman, Pavel Ya Chekan, Grigoriy S. Melnik, Viktor I. TI Winter cyclone frequency and following freshet streamflow formation on the rivers in Belarus (vol 9, 095005, 2013) SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Partasenok, Irina S.; Chekan, Grigoriy S.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Melnik, Viktor I.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Serv Hydrometeorol Monitoring & Data Arch, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. RP Partasenok, IS (reprint author), Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Pr Nezavisimosti 110, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. EM irina-danilovich@yandex.ru NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR 109602 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/109602 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DK UT WOS:000344963500021 ER PT J AU Partasenok, IS Groisman, PY Chekan, GS Melnik, VI AF Partasenok, Irina S. Groisman, Pavel Ya Chekan, Grigoriy S. Melnik, Viktor I. TI Winter cyclone frequency and following freshet streamflow formation on the rivers in Belarus SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric circulation; cyclone; climate; streamflow; flood ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; REANALYSIS PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BALTIC STATES; LIFE-CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB We studied long-term fluctuations of streamflow and occurrence of extreme phenomena on the rivers of Belarus during the post-World War II period. It was found that formation of annual runoff within the nation has no constant tendencies and varies from year to year. At the same time, analysis of intra-annual distribution of streamflow reveals significant changes since the 1970s, first of all, increase of winter and decrease of spring streamflow. As a result, the frequency of extreme floods has decreased. These changes in water regime are associated with climatic anomalies (increase of the surface air temperatures) caused by large-scale alterations in atmospheric circulation, specifically in trajectories of cyclones. During the last two decades, the frequency of Atlantic and southern cyclones has changed and caused decreasing of cold season storms and extreme phenomena on the rivers. C1 [Partasenok, Irina S.; Chekan, Grigoriy S.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. [Groisman, Pavel Ya] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Melnik, Viktor I.] Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Serv Hydrometeorol Monitoring & Data Arch, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. RP Partasenok, IS (reprint author), Republ Hydrometeorol Ctr, Div Hydrol, Pr Nezavisimosti 110, Minsk 220114, Byelarus. EM irina-danilovich@yandex.ru FU Republic Hydro-meteorological Center of Belarus; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.B25.31.0026]; NOAA/NASA [NNX13AJ02G] FX The studies of Irina Partasenok (Danilovich) and two other authors from Belarus were supported by Republic Hydro-meteorological Center of Belarus. The research of Pavel Groisman was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant 14.B25.31.0026) and by NOAA/NASA (grant NNX13AJ02G). The authors express their gratitude to Prof. S K Gulev for supply of the cyclone tracks data from reanalyses processed in the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and to two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR 095005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/095005 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5DK UT WOS:000344963500022 ER PT J AU Orloff, ND Obrzut, J Long, CJ Lam, T Kabos, P Novotny, DR Booth, JC Liddle, JA AF Orloff, Nathan D. Obrzut, Jan Long, Christian J. Lam, Thomas Kabos, Pavel Novotny, David R. Booth, James C. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Dielectric Characterization by Microwave Cavity Perturbation Corrected for Nonuniform Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Bisphenol A epoxy; metrology; microwave; multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); nanocomposites; noncontact; nondestructive; resonator ID BROAD-BAND MEASUREMENTS; PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENT; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; RESONANCE FREQUENCY; THIN-FILMS; PARAMETERS; SAMPLES; RESONATORS; CONSTANT; REGION AB Nonuniform fields decrease the accuracy of dielectric characterization by microwave cavity perturbation. These fields are due to the slot in the cavity through which the sample is inserted and the boundary between the sample and the metallic walls inside of the cavity. To address this problem, we measured the natural frequency and damping ratio of a resonant cavity as a sample is inserted into the rectangular cavity. We found that for a range of cavity filling fractions, a linear regression on the natural frequency and damping ratio versus the effective volume fraction of the sample in the cavity could be used to extract the complex permittivity of the sample. We verified our technique by measuring a known quartz substrate and comparing the results to finite-element simulations. When compared to the conventional technique, we found a significant improvement in the accuracy for our samples and measurement setup. We confirmed our technique on two lossy samples: a neat stoichiometric mixture bisphenol A epoxy resin and one containing a mass fraction of 3.5% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). At the Te-103 mode (7.31 GHz), the permittivity and loss tangent of the epoxy were measured to be epsilon(r) =2.93 +/-0.11 and tan delta = 0.028 +/-0.002 respectively. The epoxy with a mass fraction of 3.5% MWCNTs had a permittivity of epsilon(r) = 8.01 +/-0.48 and loss tangent of tan delta = 0.137 +/-0.010. C1 [Orloff, Nathan D.; Obrzut, Jan; Long, Christian J.; Lam, Thomas; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20906 USA. [Kabos, Pavel; Novotny, David R.; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Orloff, ND (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20906 USA. EM orloff@nist.gov; jan.obrzut@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 62 IS 9 SI SI BP 2149 EP 2159 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2336775 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AT5NU UT WOS:000344990400032 ER PT J AU Fang, TW Fuller-Rowell, T Wang, HJ Akmaev, R Wu, F AF Fang, Tzu-Wei Fuller-Rowell, Tim Wang, Houjun Akmaev, Rashid Wu, Fei TI Ionospheric response to sudden stratospheric warming events at low and high solar activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; DRIFTS; TIDE AB The sensitivity of the ionospheric response to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event has been examined under conditions of low and high solar activity through simulations using the whole atmosphere model (WAM) and the global ionosphere plasmasphere model (GIP). During non-SSW conditions, simulated daytime mean vertical drifts at the magnetic equator show similar solar activity dependence as an empirical model. Model results of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and equatorial vertical drift for the January 2009 major SSW, which occurred at very low solar activity conditions, show reasonable agreement with observations. The simulations demonstrate that the E region dynamo is capable of creating the semidiurnal variation of vertical drift. WAM and GIP were also run at high solar activity conditions, using the same lower atmosphere conditions as present in the January 2009 SSW event. The simulations indicate that the amplitude and phase of migrating tides in the dynamo region during the event have similar magnitudes for both solar flux conditions. However, comparing the ionospheric responses to a major SSW under low and high solar activity periods, it was found that the changes in the ionospheric vertical drifts and relative changes in TEC decreased with increasing solar activity. The simulations indicate that the F region dynamo becomes more important throughout the daytime and contributes to the upward drift in the afternoon during the event when the solar activity is higher. Our test simulations also confirm that the increase of the ionospheric conductivity associated with increasing solar activity is responsible for the decrease of vertical drift changes during an SSW. In particular, first, the increase in F region conductivity allows the closure of E region currents through the F region, reducing the polarization electric field before noon. Second, the F region dynamo contributes an upward drift postnoon, maintaining upward drifts till after sunset. The direct changes of the thermospheric wind at higher solar activity due to increased dissipation of the tides from the lower atmosphere are relatively minor and do not contribute greatly to the changes of ionospheric responses in the low-latitude region. C1 [Fang, Tzu-Wei; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wang, Houjun; Wu, Fei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akmaev, Rashid] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fang, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tzu-wei.fang@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX11A061G] FX Simulation outputs in ASCII are archived in NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) computer system and are available on request. The authors acknowledge support from the NASA Heliophysics Theory Program grant NNX11A061G for this research. Computational resources were provided by the NOAA R&D high-performance computing system and NOAA/SWPC. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 DI 10.1002/2014JA020142 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BN UT WOS:000344810200055 ER PT J AU Muzamil, FM Farrugia, CJ Torbert, RB Pritchett, PR Mozer, FS Scudder, JD Russell, CT Sandholt, PE Denig, WF Wilson, L AF Muzamil, F. M. Farrugia, C. J. Torbert, R. B. Pritchett, P. R. Mozer, F. S. Scudder, J. D. Russell, C. T. Sandholt, P. E. Denig, W. F. Wilson, L., III TI Structure of a reconnection layer poleward of the cusp: Extreme density asymmetry and a guide field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA INSTRUMENT; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; POLAR-CAP; MAGNETOPAUSE; CONVECTION; COMPONENT AB We present Polar observations of a reconnection layer during an inbound pass at high northern latitudes. The interplanetary field of 20 nT pointed strongly northward continuously for 13 h. Reverse polar cap convection observed repeatedly by the DMSP F13 satellite provided direct evidence of continued reconnection. Polar observed sunward and southward jets. The event was hallmarked by a density asymmetry approximate to 140 and moderate guide field. Disturbances in fields and plasma were much more intense on the magnetosphere (MSP) side of the current sheet (CS). A density cavity was observed at both separatrices. Isolated E-N peaks occurred at the density cavity regions. The intense electric field fluctuations (<= 60 mV/m) were mainly in the component normal to the CS, E-N. The guide field pointed opposite to the Hall field, leading to an overall weakening of the out-of-plane magnetic field. A magnetic island was observed in the outflow jet. The field reversal at the CS occurred before the outflow jet, which we argue to be due to the large density asymmetry. The stagnation line was strongly shifted toward the MSP side of the CS. We compare observations with simulations which emphasize the density asymmetry and which also include a guide field, and we find good agreement. Remaining discrepancies may be explained by a density asymmetry much larger than in simulations. This is to our knowledge the first study of a high-latitude reconnection layer with (1) an extreme density asymmetry and (2) steady and continuously strong interplanetary B-z. C1 [Muzamil, F. M.; Farrugia, C. J.; Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Pritchett, P. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mozer, F. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mozer, F. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scudder, J. D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Sandholt, P. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wilson, L., III] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Farrugia, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM charlie.farrugia@unh.edu RI Wilson III, Lynn/D-4425-2012 OI Wilson III, Lynn/0000-0002-4313-1970 FU NASA [NNX09AE41G-1/14, NNX13AP39G]; NASA/WIND [NNX10AQA29G] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX09AE41G-1/14 and NNX13AP39G and NASA/WIND grant NNX10AQA29G. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 DI 10.1002/2014JA019879 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BN UT WOS:000344810200024 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Peterson, WK Andersson, L Richards, PG Yau, AW AF Redmon, Robert J. Peterson, W. K. Andersson, Laila Richards, Philip G. Yau, A. W. TI An assessment of the role of soft electron precipitation in global ion upwelling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE F-REGION; IONOSPHERIC OUTFLOW; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; UPFLOWS; FIELDS; MODEL; THERMOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; PLASMA; WIND AB The role of electron precipitation in the auroral zone in driving thermal O+ upwelling is explored by comparison of observations and model results. Previous reports have shown how the ambiguities of such an assessment can be reduced when the problem is addressed in dynamic boundary-related coordinates. Upwelling ion data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites are compared using a modeling framework based on the Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma (FLIP) ionospheric model. We focus on geomagnetically quiet intervals, that is, nonstorm times with Dst > -50 nT. We find that low-energy (<100 eV) electrons are a significant driver of O+ upwelling on the nightside, particularly in the 2100 magnetic local time sector. Our analysis suggests that DMSP electron observations and electron precipitation models derived from them significantly underestimate the actual flux of soft (i.e., <100 eV) electrons. C1 [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. [Peterson, W. K.; Andersson, Laila] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Richards, Philip G.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yau, A. W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Peterson, WK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bill.peterson@lasp.colorado.edu RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 FU NASA [NNX12AD25G]; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research Chair Program; NSF grant [AGS-1048350] FX Thanks to Patrick Newell and Mike Wiltberger for helpful conversations. W.K.P. was supported by NASA grant NNX12AD25G. A.W.Y. was supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research Chair Program. P.G.R. was supported by NSF grant AGS-1048350 to George Mason University. DMSP Special Sensor for Ions Electrons and Scintillation (SSIES) data were acquired from a University of Texas at Dallas public repository: http://cindispace.utdallas.edu/DMSP/. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 DI 10.1002/2014JA020061 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BN UT WOS:000344810200044 ER PT J AU Peralta-Ferriz, C Morison, JH Stalin, SE Meinig, C AF Peralta-Ferriz, Cecilia Morison, James H. Stalin, Scott E. Meinig, Christian TI Measuring Ocean Bottom Pressure at the North Pole SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ocean bottom pressure; pressure gauges; ABPR; Arctic Ocean circulation; ocean mass variability ID CIRCULATION; GRACE; DRIFT; VARIABILITY AB High-precision deep Arctic Bottom Pressure Recorders (ABPRs) were developed to measure ocean bottom pressure variations in the perennial ice-covered Arctic Ocean. The ABPRs use the tsunami detection DART acoustic modem technology and have been programmed to store and transmit the data acoustically without the need to recover the instrument. ABPRs have been deployed near the North Pole, where the ice cover is a year-round challenge for access with a ship. Instead, the ABPRs have been built as light-weight mechanical systems that we can install using aircraft landing on the ice. ABPRs have provided the first records of uninterrupted pressure data over continuous years ever made in the central Arctic. The ABPR data have allowed us to identify and understand modes of Arctic Ocean bottom pressure variability that were unknown before the ABPR records and have offered new means of investigating and understanding the rapidly changing Arctic system. The ABPR records have also shown outstanding agreement with the satellite-sensed ocean bottom pressure anomalies from GRACE, providing ground truth data for validation of the satellite system. Due to the successful science findings as well as the ABPRs' capability to fulfill the upcoming potential gaps of pressure measurements between GRACE and a GRACE follow-on mission, we highlight the urgent need to develop and maintain an Arctic observing network using ABPRs. C1 [Peralta-Ferriz, Cecilia; Morison, James H.] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Stalin, Scott E.; Meinig, Christian] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Peralta-Ferriz, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, POB 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM ferriz@apl.washington.edu FU NASA [NNX08AH626, NNX12AK74G]; NSF [ARC-0856330]; NASA MEaSUREs Program FX Support for this work comes from NASA grants NNX08AH626 and NNX12AK74G and NSF Grant ARC-0856330. This work is PMEL contribution number 4193. We thank the Barneo ice camp and helicopter crew members for their support on deployments and data collection of ABPRs 1, 3, 4, and 5. We acknowledge NOAA engineer Dirk Tagawa for providing us with the training on ABPR software and setup and Norge Larson and Jerry Paros for discussions. Applied Physics Lab engineers Dean Steward, Jim Johnson, Nicholas Michel-Hart, Keith Van Thiel, Keith Magness, as well as colleagues John Guthrie and Roger Anderson are greatly acknowledged for their help during the fieldwork activities. Special thanks go to Andy Heiberg for his outstanding logistics leadership. We thank Frank Nilsen, Paul Dodd, and the R/V Lance crew for their support on the deployment and data collection of ABPR 2. GRACE ocean data were processed by Don P. Chambers, supported by the NASA MEaSUREs Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov, and we thank Jennifer Bonin and Don Chambers for their collaboration on improvement of GRACE solutions for the Arctic. Comments and suggestions by Philip Woodworth and an anonymous reviewer are greatly acknowledged. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 48 IS 5 BP 52 EP 68 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AT6NZ UT WOS:000345057300007 ER PT J AU Elmore, KL Flamig, ZL Lakshmanan, V Kaney, BT Farmer, V Reeves, HD Rothfusz, LP AF Elmore, Kimberly L. Flamig, Z. L. Lakshmanan, V. Kaney, B. T. Farmer, V. Reeves, Heather D. Rothfusz, Lans P. TI MPING Crowd-Sourcing Weather Reports for Research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; FREEZING RAIN; PRECIPITATION TYPES; UNITED-STATES; ICE PELLETS; SURFACE; SNOW C1 [Elmore, Kimberly L.; Lakshmanan, V.; Kaney, B. T.; Reeves, Heather D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Elmore, Kimberly L.; Lakshmanan, V.; Kaney, B. T.; Reeves, Heather D.; Rothfusz, Lans P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Flamig, Z. L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meterol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Farmer, V.] INDUS Corp, Norman, OK USA. RP Elmore, KL (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kim.elmore@noaa.gov FU NEXRAD Product Improvement Program by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, the U.S. DOC, or the University of Oklahoma. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1335 EP 1342 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-60014.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS7MY UT WOS:000344441200008 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Goska, R Smith, JA Vecchi, GA AF Villarini, Gabriele Goska, Radoslaw Smith, James A. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI NORTH ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES AND U.S. FLOODING SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; TRENDS; IMPACT; TRACKS; STORMS; LIFE C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Goska, Radoslaw] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 306 C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gabriele-villarini@uiowa.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Iowa Flood Center, IIHR-Hydroscience Engineering; USACE Institute for Water Resources; Willis Research Network; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences FX The first two authors acknowledge funding by the Iowa Flood Center, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering. Gabriele Villarini also acknowledges financial support from the USACE Institute for Water Resources. James Smith acknowledges financial support from the Willis Research Network and NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1388 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00060.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS7MY UT WOS:000344441200012 ER PT J AU Bojinski, S Verstraete, M Peterson, TC Richter, C Simmons, A Zemp, M AF Bojinski, Stephan Verstraete, Michel Peterson, Thomas C. Richter, Carolin Simmons, Adrian Zemp, Michael TI THE CONCEPT OF ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES IN SUPPORT OF CLIMATE RESEARCH, APPLICATIONS, AND POLICY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; REANALYSIS; SATELLITES; SCIENCE; GCOS; CM C1 [Bojinski, Stephan] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Verstraete, Michel] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Richter, Carolin] World Meteorol Org, Global Climate Observing Syst Secretariat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Simmons, Adrian] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecast, Reading, Berks, England. [Zemp, Michael] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bojinski, S (reprint author), World Meteorol Org, 7bis Ave Paix,CP 2300, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM sbojinski@wmo.int NR 86 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1431 EP 1443 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00047.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS7MY UT WOS:000344441200016 ER PT J AU Charlevoix, DJ Pandya, R Bridger, A Gill, TE Hampton, E Herman, R Knox, J Li, WW Stanitski, D AF Charlevoix, Donna J. Pandya, Rajul Bridger, Alison Gill, Thomas E. Hampton, Elaine Herman, Redina Knox, John Li, Wen-Whai Stanitski, Diane TI NEW DIRECTIONS FOR THE AMS SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Charlevoix, Donna J.] UNAVCO, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Pandya, Rajul] Amer Geophys Union, Washington, DC USA. [Bridger, Alison] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Gill, Thomas E.; Hampton, Elaine; Li, Wen-Whai] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Herman, Redina] Western Illinois Univ, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Knox, John] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stanitski, Diane] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Charlevoix, DJ (reprint author), UNAVCO, 6350 Nautilus Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM donnac@unavco.org OI Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1465 EP 1467 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00273.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS7MY UT WOS:000344441200019 ER PT J AU Wack, J AF Wack, John TI IEEE VSSC/1622: Voting System Standards SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB The IEEE Voting System Standards Committee is developing standards and guidelines for voting systems to create a common data format for election systems. Voting system data will be easier to export and utilize in election processes and by the general public. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wack, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.wack@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD SEP PY 2014 VL 47 IS 9 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS8CO UT WOS:000344478100033 ER PT J AU Vassilev, A Celi, C AF Vassilev, Apostol Celi, Christopher TI Avoiding Cyberspace Catastrophes through Smarter Testing SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB The Heartbleed bug highlighted a critical problem in the software industry: inadequately tested software results in serious security vulnerabilities. Available testing technologies, combined with emerging standards, can help tech companies meet increasing consumer demand for greater Internet security. C1 [Vassilev, Apostol] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Celi, Christopher] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Vassilev, A (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vassilev@nist.gov; celic@rpi.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD SEP PY 2014 VL 47 IS 10 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS8CD UT WOS:000344477000026 ER PT J AU Stachura, MM Essington, TE Mantua, NJ Hollowed, AB Haltuch, MA Spencer, PD Branch, TA Doyle, MJ AF Stachura, Megan M. Essington, Timothy E. Mantua, Nathan J. Hollowed, Anne B. Haltuch, Melissa A. Spencer, Paul D. Branch, Trevor A. Doyle, Miriam J. TI Linking Northeast Pacific recruitment synchrony to environmental variability SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; environment; fish recruitment; Northeast Pacific Ocean; synchrony ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ROCKFISHES SEBASTES SPP.; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; REGIME SHIFTS; FISH STOCKS; OCEAN CONDITIONS; LEEUWIN CURRENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES AB We investigated the hypothesis that synchronous recruitment is due to a shared susceptibility to environmental processes using stock-recruitment residuals for 52 marine fish stocks within three Northeast Pacific large marine ecosystems: the Eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, Gulf of Alaska, and California Current. There was moderate coherence in exceptionally strong and weak year-classes and correlations across stocks. Based on evidence of synchrony from these analyses, we used Bayesian hierarchical models to relate recruitment to environmental covariates for groups of stocks that may be similarly influenced by environmental processes based on their life histories. There were consistent relationships among stocks to the covariates, especially within the Gulf of Alaska and California Current. The best Gulf of Alaska model included Northeast Pacific sea surface height as a predictor of recruitment, and was particularly strong for stocks dependent on cross-shelf transport during the larval phase for recruitment. In the California Current the best-fit model included San Francisco coastal sea level height as a predictor, with higher recruitment for many stocks corresponding to anomalously high sea level the year before spawning and low sea level the year of spawning. The best Eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands model included several environmental variables as covariates and there was some consistent response across stocks to these variables. Future research may be able to utilize these across-stock environmental influences, in conjunction with an understanding of ecological processes important across early life history stages, to improve identification of environmental drivers of recruitment. C1 [Stachura, Megan M.; Essington, Timothy E.; Mantua, Nathan J.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.; Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Doyle, Miriam J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stachura, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Megan.Stachura@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence; North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program; Camille and Jim Uhlir Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Endowment; Joint Institute for the study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2191]; NOAA's Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity program FX Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. M. S. was also funded by the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence, the North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program, and the Camille and Jim Uhlir Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Endowment. This research was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2191, and by NOAA's Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity program. It is also contribution EcoFOCI-0812 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. Several scientists provided early life history information and guidance on the stock groupings, especially R. Brodeur. We thank R. Hilborn, O. Hamel, M. Dorn, M. McClure, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 5 BP 389 EP 408 DI 10.1111/fog.12066 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AT3BS UT WOS:000344811000001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Z Holmes, J Teo, SLH AF Zhang, Zane Holmes, John Teo, Steven L. H. TI A study on relationships between large-scale climate indices and estimates of North Pacific albacore tuna productivity SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE albacore productivity; Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; production model ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; THUNNUS-ALALUNGA; REGIME SHIFTS; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURPLUS-PRODUCTION; INDIAN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; SARDINE AB A logistic production model was used to examine potential relationships between three climate indices, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), and productivity estimates of the North Pacific albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) population. Catch and standardized catch-per-unit-effort data from three longline fisheries (Japan, US, and Taiwan) were used in the model. The climate indices were incorporated into the model by correlating time-varying intrinsic population growth rate (r(y)) of the production model with the annual mean value for each index. The estimated probability that the NPGO is positively correlated with stock productivity, as measured by ry, was 0.99, and the calculated probability that MEI is negatively correlated with the productivity was 0.95. The time lag for these correlations is 4 yr, which is consistent with the timing of recruitment to the Japan longline fishery. The PDO did not seem to have any detectable relationship with stock productivity. However, it remains uncertain if there is a conclusive linkage between the albacore productivity and the NPGO or the MEI index, because model fit to the data is about the same as that of a base model which does not use any climate index and assumes a time-invariant r. C1 [Zhang, Zane; Holmes, John] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Teo, Steven L. H.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM zane.zhang@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU ISC Albacore Working Group; International Governance Strategy of Fisheries and Oceans Canada FX The authors acknowledge the support of the ISC Albacore Working Group. We thank two scientists from NOAA Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center for reviewing an earlier version of this paper. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped improve the quality of this paper. This study was supported by funding through the International Governance Strategy of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 5 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1111/fog.12077 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AT3BS UT WOS:000344811000002 ER PT J AU Belkin, IM Hunt, GL Hazen, EL Zamon, JE Schick, RS Prieto, R Brodziak, J Teo, SL Thorne, L Bailey, H Itoh, S Munk, P Musyl, MK Willis, JK Zhang, W AF Belkin, Igor M. Hunt, George L., Jr. Hazen, Elliott L. Zamon, Jeannette E. Schick, Robert S. Prieto, Rui Brodziak, Jon Teo, Steven Lh. Thorne, Lesley Bailey, Helen Itoh, Sachihiko Munk, Peter Musyl, Michael K. Willis, Jay K. Zhang, Wuchang TI Fronts, fish, and predators SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN C1 [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] SWFSC NOAA, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Zamon, Jeannette E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pt Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Schick, Robert S.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Prieto, Rui] Univ Acores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9908862 Horta, Portugal. [Brodziak, Jon] NMFS FRMD, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Inouye Reg Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Teo, Steven Lh.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thorne, Lesley] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Itoh, Sachihiko] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Munk, Peter] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Musyl, Michael K.] Pelag Res Grp LLC, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Willis, Jay K.] Ashurst, Ashurst Lodge, Turnpenny Horsfield Associates, Southampton SO4O 7AA, Hants, England. [Zhang, Wuchang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. RP Belkin, IM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM igormbelkin@gmail.com; geohunt2@uw.edu; Elliott.Hazen@noaa.gov; Jen.Zamon@noaa.gov; rss5@st-andrews.ac.uk; rprieto@uac.pt; Jon.Brodziak@noaa.gov; Steve.Teo@noaa.gov; lesley.thorne@stonybrook.edu; hbailey@umces.edu; itohsach@aori.u-tokyo.acjp; pm@aqua.dtu.dk; Michael.Musyl@gmail.com; jkwillis@gmail.com; wuchangzhang@qdio.ac.cn RI Prieto, Rui/G-8286-2011; OI Prieto, Rui/0000-0002-0354-2572; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 107 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.07.009 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8SL UT WOS:000343844600001 ER PT J AU Shotwell, SK Hanselman, DH Belkin, IM AF Shotwell, S. Kalei Hanselman, Dana H. Belkin, Igor M. TI Toward biophysical synergy: Investigating advection along the Polar Front to identify factors influencing Alaska sablefish recruitment SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Polar Front; Oceanic front; Sablefish; Groundfish; Stock assessment; Prediction; Modeling; Recruitment; Advection; Sea surface temperature; Gulf of Alaska; Alaska; North Pacific ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; JUVENILE SABLEFISH; MESOSCALE EDDIES; TAGGED SABLEFISH; PACIFIC SALMON; NORTHERN GULF; REGIME SHIFTS; VARIABILITY AB In fisheries stock assessment, reliable estimation of year-class strength is often hindered by lack of data on early life history stages and limited knowledge of the underlying environmental processes influencing survival through these stages. One solution to improving these estimates of year-class strength or recruitment is to first develop regional indices representing the spatial and temporal extent of a hypothesized feature influencing a species' recruitment. These covariates should then be integrated within a population model where a variety of model selection techniques may be conducted to test for a reduction in recruitment uncertainty. The best selected model(s) may provide insight for developing hypotheses of mechanisms influencing recruitment. Here we consider the influence of a large-scale oceanographic feature, the North Pacific Polar Front, on recruitment of Alaska sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Our working hypothesis is that advection of oceanic properties along the Polar Front and associated currents plays a key role in shaping the oceanographic climate of Alaskan waters and, hence, the environment that sablefish encounter during their early life history. As a first step in this investigation, we developed time series of sea surface temperature along the Polar Front mean path. We then integrated this data into the recruitment equations of the sablefish assessment base model. Model selection was based on a multistage hypothesis testing procedure combined with cross-validation and a retrospective analysis of prediction error. The impact of the best model was expressed in terms of increased precision of recruitment estimates and proportional changes in female spawning biomass for both current estimates and in future projections. The best model suggested that colder than average wintertime sea surface temperatures in the central North Pacific represent oceanic conditions that create positive recruitment events for sablefish. The incorporation of this index in the sablefish model provided moderate reduction in unexplained recruitment variability and increased future projections of spawning biomass in the medium term. Based on this result, we developed a conceptual model of three mechanisms that in combination form an ocean domain dynamic synergy (ODDS) which influences sablefish survival through the pelagic early life history stage. Successfully incorporating environmental time series into the sablefish assessment could establish a foundation for future ecosystem-based management and allow for more informed and efficient resource allocation to stakeholders. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shotwell, S. Kalei; Hanselman, Dana H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Shotwell, SK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kalei.shotwell@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) FX We would like to thank Dr. Lisa Eisner, Dr. Franz Mueter, and the scientists from other institutions who assisted with thoughtful comments and ideas in the paper review. Also we thank Phil Rigby, Dr. Jon Heifetz, Adam Moles, Jim Murphy, and Mark Zimmermann who provided many useful editorial comments to improve the project concepts and manuscript organization. Finally, we extend our gratitude to our primary funding source, NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE). The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 107 BP 40 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.08.024 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8SL UT WOS:000343844600006 ER PT J AU Zamon, JE Phillips, EM Guy, TJ AF Zamon, Jeannette E. Phillips, Elizabeth M. Guy, Troy J. TI Marine bird aggregations associated with the tidally-driven plume and plume fronts of the Columbia River SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE River plumes; Tidal fronts; Marine birds; Forage fish; Predator prey interactions; Salmon; USA; Oregon; Washington; Columbia River ID OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ABUNDANCE; FISH; OREGON; RECRUITMENT; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; LARVAL; SALMON AB Freshwater discharge from large rivers into the coastal ocean creates tidally-driven frontal systems known to enhance mixing, primary production, and secondary production. Many authors suggest that tidal plume fronts increase energy flow to fish-eating predators by attracting planktivorous fishes to feed on plankton aggregated by the fronts. However, few studies of plume fronts directly examine piscivorous predator response to plume fronts. Our work examined densities of piscivorous seabirds relative to the plume region and plume fronts of the Columbia River, USA. Common murres (Uria aalge) and sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) composed 83% of all birds detected on mesoscale surveys of the Washington and Oregon coasts (June 2003-2006), and 91.3% of all birds detected on fine scale surveys of the plume region less than 40 km from the river mouth (May 2003 and 2006). Mesoscale comparisons showed consistently more predators in the central plume area compared to the surrounding marine area (murres: 10.1-21.5 vs. 3.4-8.2 birds km(-2); shearwaters: 24.2-75.1 vs. 11.8-25.9 birds km(-2)). Fine scale comparisons showed that murre density in 2003 and shearwater density in both 2003 and 2006 were significantly elevated in the tidal plume region composed of the most recently discharged river water. Murres tended to be more abundant on the north face of the plume. In May 2003, more murres and shearwaters were found within 3 km of the front on any given transect, although maximum bird density was not necessarily found in the same location as the front itself. Predator density on a given transect was not correlated with frontal strength in either year. The high bird densities we observed associated with the tidal plume demonstrate that the turbid Columbia River plume does not necessarily provide fish with refuge from visual predators. Bird predation in the plume region may therefore impact early marine survival of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), which must migrate through the tidal plume and plume front to enter the ocean. Because murres and shearwaters eat primarily planktivorous fish such as the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), aggregation of these birds in the plume supports the hypothesis that it is the plume region as a whole, and not just the plume fronts, which enhances trophic transfer to piscivorous predators via planktivorous fishes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zamon, Jeannette E.] NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97127 USA. [Phillips, Elizabeth M.; Guy, Troy J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Zamon, JE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97127 USA. EM jen.zamon@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We express our gratitude to the captains and crew on board the F/V Frosti, the NOAA R/V McArthur II, and the F/V Pacific Fury; this work would not have been possible without adaptive vessel and crew support for our surveys. We thank Barbara Blackie and Joe Fontaine for serving many long days with us as bird observers during the fine-scale surveys in 2006. Cheryl Morgan and Alex De Robertis provided excellent advice with survey design and planning, as well as supplying collegial encouragement to initiate the study. Numerous scientific staff from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center Pt. Adams, Montlake, and Newport facilities, as well as collaborators from Oregon State University's Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, worked side-by-side with us at sea during the mesa-scale surveys; we are grateful for their assistance. Cheryl Morgan, Richard Brodeur, David Ainley, George L Hunt, Jr., Alex deRobertis, and one anonymous reviewer provided thoughtful comments that greatly improved our original draft. This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration, who provided funding to the Ocean Salmon Ecology program; and by funds from the ESA and BiOp Programs, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 107 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.031 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8SL UT WOS:000343844600010 ER PT J AU Ding, YN Carton, JA Chepurin, GA Stenchikov, G Robock, A Sentman, LT Krasting, JP AF Ding, Yanni Carton, James A. Chepurin, Gennady A. Stenchikov, Georgiy Robock, Alan Sentman, Lori T. Krasting, John P. TI Ocean response to volcanic eruptions in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE volcanic eruptions; dedecadal ocean variability; sea ice; AMOC; ENSO; aerosols ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; LAST MILLENNIUM; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PART I; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY AB We examine the oceanic impact of large tropical volcanic eruptions as they appear in ensembles of historical simulations from eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. These models show a response that includes lowering of global average sea surface temperature by 0.1-0.3 K, comparable to the observations. They show enhancement of Arctic ice cover in the years following major volcanic eruptions, with long-lived temperature anomalies extending to the middepth and deep ocean on decadal to centennial timescales. Regional ocean responses vary, although there is some consistent hemispheric asymmetry associated with the hemisphere in which the eruption occurs. Temperature decreases and salinity increases contribute to an increase in the density of surface water and an enhancement in the overturning circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean following these eruptions. The strength of this overturning increase varies considerably from model to model and is correlated with the background variability of overturning in each model. Any cause/effect relationship between eruptions and the phase of El Nino is weak. C1 [Ding, Yanni; Carton, James A.; Chepurin, Gennady A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stenchikov, Georgiy] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Robock, Alan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Sentman, Lori T.; Krasting, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Carton, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM carton@atmos.umd.edu RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; Ding, Yanni/H-8980-2016; OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Stenchikov, Georgiy Lvovich/0000-0001-9033-4925 FU NSF grant [OCE0752209]; NSF [AGS-1157525]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology FX This work represents part of the dissertation research of Yanni Ding. Our special thanks to the modeling centers and to the CMIP5 working group for their hard work in processing the data and making it available. Yanni Ding, James Carton, and Gennady Chepurin are supported by NSF grant OCE0752209. Alan Robock is supported by NSF grant AGS-1157525. Georgiy Stenchikov is supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5622 EP 5637 DI 10.1002/2013JC009780 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200003 ER PT J AU Goes, M Wainer, I Signorelli, N AF Goes, Marlos Wainer, Ilana Signorelli, Natalia TI Investigation of the causes of historical changes in the subsurface salinity minimum of the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE South Atlantic; Southern Annular Mode; Antarctic Intermediate Water; Agulhas leakage ID ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WORLD OCEAN; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; INDIAN-OCEAN; ANNULAR MODE; ROSSBY WAVES AB In this study, we investigate the subsurface salinity changes on decadal timescales across the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean using two ocean reanalysis products, the latest version of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II, as well as using additional climate model experiments. Results show that there is a recent significant salinity increase at the core of the salinity minimum at intermediate levels. The main underlying mechanism for this subsurface salinity increase is the lateral advective (gyre) changes due to the Southern Annular Mode variability, which conditions an increased contribution from the Indian Ocean high salinity waters into the Atlantic. The global warming signal has a secondary but complementary contribution. Latitudinal differences at intermediate depth in response to large-scale forcing are in part caused by local variation of westward propagation features, and by compensating contributions of salinity and temperature to density changes. C1 [Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Wainer, Ilana; Signorelli, Natalia] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Goes, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. EM marlos.goes@noaa.gov RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Wainer, Ilana/B-4540-2011 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Wainer, Ilana/0000-0003-3784-623X FU NOAA/AOML; NOAA's Climate Program Office; CAPES-ciencias-do-mar; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2013/02111-4]; CNPq-MCT-INCT-Criosfera [573720/2008-8]; [CNPq-300223/93-5] FX The data used in this study are a climatology from the global Argo project (http://sio-argo.ucsd.edu/RG_Climatology.html), and model reanalyses SODA 2.2.6 (courtesy of Dr. Ben Giese, b-giese@tamu.edu) and ECCO2 (http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/). This work is supported in part by NOAA/AOML and NOAA's Climate Program Office, and by grants from CAPES-ciencias-do-mar, 2013/02111-4 of the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), CNPq-300223/93-5, and CNPq-MCT-INCT-Criosfera 573720/2008-8. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5654 EP 5675 DI 10.1002/2014JC009812 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200005 ER PT J AU Xie, P Boyer, T Bayler, E Xue, Y Byrne, D Reagan, J Locarnini, R Sun, F Joyce, R Kumar, A AF Xie, P. Boyer, T. Bayler, E. Xue, Y. Byrne, D. Reagan, J. Locarnini, R. Sun, F. Joyce, R. Kumar, A. TI An in situ-satellite blended analysis of global sea surface salinity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE salinity; freshwater; in situ; satellite; Aquarius; SMOS ID GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC; RESOLUTION; POOL AB The blended monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) analysis, called the NOAA Blended Analysis of Surface Salinity (BASS), is constructed for the 4 year period from 2010 to 2013. Three data sets are employed as inputs to the blended analysis: in situ SSS measurements aggregated and quality controlled by NOAA/NODC, and passive microwave (PMW) retrievals from both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aquarius/SAC-D and the European Space Agency's (ESA) Soil Moisture-Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellites. The blended analysis comprises two steps. First, the biases in the satellite retrievals are removed through probability distribution function (PDF) matching against temporally spatially colocated in situ measurements. The blended analysis is then achieved through optimal interpolation (OI), where the analysis for the previous time step is used as the first guess while the in situ measurements and bias-corrected satellite retrievals are employed as the observations to update the first guess. Cross validations illustrate improved quality of the blended analysis, with reduction in bias and random errors over most of the global oceans as compared to the individual inputs. Large uncertainty, however, remains in high-latitude oceans and coastal regions where the in situ networks are sparse and current-generation satellite retrievals have limitations. Our blended SSS analysis shows good agreements with the NODC in situ-based analysis over most of the tropical and subtropical oceans, but large differences are observed for high-latitude oceans and along coasts. In the tropical oceans, the BASS is shown to have coherent variability with precipitation and evaporation associated with the evolution of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). C1 [Xie, P.; Xue, Y.; Sun, F.; Joyce, R.; Kumar, A.] NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Boyer, T.; Byrne, D.; Reagan, J.; Locarnini, R.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Sliver Spring, MD USA. [Bayler, E.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Reagan, J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xie, P (reprint author), NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Pingping.Xie@noaa.gov RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 FU NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Monitoring and Observation (CMO) program; ESA Category-1 [7182] FX This work is a joint effort among NOAA/NWS/CPC, NOAA/NESDIS/NODC, and NOAA/NESDIS/STAR. Research and development work at CPC is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Monitoring and Observation (CMO) program as a part of the "Climate Prediction Center Analyses and Monitoring in Support of the Ocean Observing System for Climate" project. Salinity data from the Soil Moisture-Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was provided courtesy of ESA (R) in conjunction with ESA Category-1 Project 7182, "Applications of SMOS sea-surface salinity data to improved operational modeling." Salinity data from the Aquarius Mission were provided courtesy of NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC). Comments and suggestions by Zeng-Zhen Hu and Caihong Wen of NOAA Climate Prediction Center and two anonymous reviewers helped improve the quality of our work and the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 6140 EP 6160 DI 10.1002/2014JC010046 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200031 ER PT J AU McGregor, S Spence, P Schwarzkopf, FU England, MH Santoso, A Kessler, WS Timmermann, A Boning, CW AF McGregor, Shayne Spence, Paul Schwarzkopf, Franziska U. England, Matthew H. Santoso, Agus Kessler, William S. Timmermann, Axel Boening, Claus W. TI ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; mass exchange; interhemispheric; asymmetry; OGCM ID INTERANNUAL SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; TERMINATION; ANOMALIES AB Previous studies have shown that ENSO's anomalous equatorial winds, including the observed southward shift of zonal winds that occurs around the event peak, can be reconstructed with the first two Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) of equatorial region wind stresses. Using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model, we investigate the effect of these two EOFs on changes in warm water volume (WWV), interhemispheric mass transports, and Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Wind stress anomalies associated with the first EOF produce changes in WWV that are dynamically consistent with the conceptual recharge oscillator paradigm. The ITF is found to heavily damp these WWV changes, reducing their variance by half. Wind stress anomalies associated with the second EOF, which depicts the southward wind shift, are responsible for WWV changes that are of comparable magnitude to those driven by the first mode. The southward wind shift is also responsible for the majority of the observed interhemispheric upper ocean mass exchanges. These winds transfer mass between the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere during El Nino events. Whilst water is transferred in the opposite direction during La Nina events, the magnitude of this exchange is roughly half of that seen during El Nino events. Thus, the discharging of WWV during El Nino events is meridionally asymmetric, while the WWV recharging during a La Nina event is largely symmetric. The inclusion of the southward wind shift is also shown to allow ENSO to exchange mass with much higher latitudes than that allowed by the first EOF alone. C1 [McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Schwarzkopf, Franziska U.; Boening, Claus W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Kessler, William S.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McGregor, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM shayne.mcgregor@unsw.edu.au RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Santoso, Agus/J-7350-2012; OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Santoso, Agus/0000-0001-7749-8124; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930 FU Australian Research Council (ARC) including the ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science FX The TROPAC01 experiment output analyzed in this paper, which exceeds 3TB when compressed, is stored at the University of New South Wales long-term data store. This data will be made available on request to the corresponding author. The model integrations were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). We gratefully acknowledge the support of the DRAKKAR group in the model development. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) including the ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science. This is PMEL contribution 4203. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 6221 EP 6237 DI 10.1002/2014JC010286 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200036 ER PT J AU Djath, B Verron, J Melet, A Gourdeau, L Barnier, B Molines, JM AF Djath, Bughsin' Verron, Jacques Melet, Angelique Gourdeau, Lionel Barnier, Bernard Molines, Jean-Marc TI Multiscale dynamical analysis of a high-resolution numerical model simulation of the Solomon Sea circulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE oceanography; Solomon Sea; numerical simulation ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; EL-NINO; MESOSCALE; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; SPECTRA; WATERS AB A high 1/36 degrees resolution numerical model is used to study the ocean circulation in the Solomon Sea. An evaluation of the model with (the few) available observation shows that the 1/36 degrees resolution model realistically simulates the Solomon Sea circulations. The model notably reproduces the high levels of mesoscale eddy activity observed in the Solomon Sea. With regard to previous simulations at 1/12 degrees resolution, the average eddy kinetic energy levels are increased by up to approximate to 30-40% in the present 1/36 degrees simulation, and the enhancement extends at depth. At the surface, the eddy kinetic energy level is maximum in March-April-May and is minimum in December-January-February. The high subsurface variability is related to the variability of the western boundary current (New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent). Moreover, the emergence of submesoscales is clearly apparent in the present simulations. A spectral analysis is conducted in order to evidence and characterize the modeled submesoscale dynamics and to provide a spectral view of scales interactions. The corresponding spectral slopes show a strong consistency with the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic turbulence theory. C1 [Djath, Bughsin'; Verron, Jacques; Barnier, Bernard; Molines, Jean-Marc] CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Melet, Angelique] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gourdeau, Lionel] IRD, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. RP Djath, B (reprint author), CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. EM bughsin.djath@legi.grenoble-inp.fr RI Barnier, Bernard/F-2400-2016 OI Barnier, Bernard/0000-0002-7539-2542 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FX This research has been conducted with the support of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). This work was granted access to HPC resources under the allocations x2012-010727 and x2013-010727 attributed by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) to the DRAKKAR project, simulations being carried out at both the IDRIS and CINES supercomputer facilities. The data for this paper are available at DRAKKAR project (www.ifremer.fr/lpo/drakkar). NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 6286 EP 6304 DI 10.1002/2013JC009695 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200040 ER PT J AU Nieto, K McClatchie, S Weber, ED Lennert-Cody, CE AF Nieto, Karen McClatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E. TI Effect of mesoscale eddies and streamers on sardine spawning habitat and recruitment success off Southern and central California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mesoscale; eddies; streamers; sardine; spawning; recruitment ID DAILY EGG-PRODUCTION; PACIFIC SARDINE; SAGAX; DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; VORTICES; SAMPLER; RINGS; GULF; EDDY AB We quantified the effect of mesoscale eddies and streamers on the spatial distribution of Pacific sardine spawning habitat using a merged altimetry data set and a statistical spawning habitat model. The distribution of eggs could be predicted using sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) similarly to previous studies. Eddies alone did not have a significant additional or emergent effect on the probability of capturing eggs beyond these predictors. Rather, mesoscale features (eddies and streamers) entrained water with the appropriate conditions in terms of temperature, chlorophyll, and EKE. These dynamic features moved appropriate spawning habitat for sardine offshore to areas where appropriate habitat otherwise would not exist. Using centroids of predicted sardine habitat, we showed that sardine recruitment success was inversely correlated with distance from shore of predicted sardine habitat centroids. This indicates that offshore transport has a negative effect on sardine recruitment, despite expanding favorable spawning habitat further offshore. C1 [Nieto, Karen; McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Nieto, K (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM karen.nieto@gmail.com RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU NOAA [IOOS: NA17RJ1231]; SWFSC discretionary funds; NOAA Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) program FX This study formed a part of the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship of KN at NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center. Postdoctoral salary for KN was funded by NOAA (IOOS: NA17RJ1231) and by SWFSC discretionary funds. SM was supported by the NOAA Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) program. We thank Paul Fiedler, Toby Garfield, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. Satellite data for this study were obtained from Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, the Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) at the NOAA and the OceanColor website at NASA. Derived satellite products are available for collaborative research from Karen Nieto (karen.nieto@gmail.com). Ichthyoplankton data were provided by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program. These data are available on request from Ed Weber (ed.weber@noaa.gov). Sardine recruitment data used in this paper are available from Sam McClatchie (sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 6330 EP 6339 DI 10.1002/2014JC010251 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200042 ER PT J AU Choi, M Furlong, ET Werner, SL Pait, AS Lee, IS Choi, HG AF Choi, Minkyu Furlong, Edward T. Werner, Stephen L. Pait, Anthony S. Lee, In-Seok Choi, Hee-Gu TI Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine, as indicators of wastewater pollution in marine sediments from Masan Bay, Korea SO OCEAN SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pharmaceutical; sewage; fecal sterols; wastewater treatment plant ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TREATMENT PLANTS; ANTIDEPRESSANT PHARMACEUTICALS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SURFACE-WATER; CONTAMINATION; STREAMS; RIVER; EFFLUENT; FATE AB Concerns have emerged regarding the presence of human-use pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. We investigated the status of contamination by 29 human-use pharmaceuticals as well as wastewater indicator compounds, fecal sterols and the synthetic endocrine disruptor nonylphenol, in marine sediments from Masan Bay, one of the most contaminated bays in Korea as a result of untreated and/or treated sewage. Among the 29 pharmaceuticals determined, 10 including antacid, analgesic, antibiotic, and antipruritic compounds, and metabolites of caffeine and nicotine were detected in all sediment samples. Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals (frequency > 50%), and at high concentrations. The highest concentrations and detection frequencies were at stations located close to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls and at the river mouth. The spatial distributions of pharmaceutical were significantly correlated with those of wastewater compounds. These results indicate that occurrence of the pharmaceuticals in marine environments is likely associated with direct sewage inputs, such as WWTP effluents and with other sewage-influenced sources, such as river discharge. C1 [Choi, Minkyu; Lee, In-Seok; Choi, Hee-Gu] NFRDI, Marine Environm Res Div, Pusan 619705, South Korea. [Furlong, Edward T.; Werner, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Pait, Anthony S.] NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Choi, M (reprint author), NFRDI, Marine Environm Res Div, Pusan 619705, South Korea. EM mkchoi3@korea.kr FU National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Korea [RP-2014-ME-24]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) FX This work was funded by a grant from the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI, RP-2014-ME-24), Korea. The part of the study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) Joint project. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU KOREA OCEAN RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT INST PI SEOUL PA P O BOX 29, SEOUL, 425-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5261 EI 2005-7172 J9 OCEAN SCI J JI Ocean Sci. J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s12601-014-0023-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR8KQ UT WOS:000343824400007 ER PT J AU Valenzuela-Quinonez, F Garza, JC De-Anda-Montanez, JA Garcia-de-Leon, FJ AF Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto Garza, John Carlos De-Anda-Montanez, Juan A. Garcia-de-Leon, Francisco J. TI Inferring past demographic changes in a critically endangered marine fish after fishery collapse SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE critically endangered; demographic history; effective population size; evolutionary potential; fishery collapse; microsatellites; Totoaba macdonaldi ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; LONG-TERM STABILITY; TOTOABA-MACDONALDI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ATLANTIC COD; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS AB Several worldwide marine fish stocks need to recover from collapse or overexploitation. However, the effects of a fishery collapse at the genetic level are still largely unknown, as is the extent of reduction in genetic diversity caused by fisheries and the consequences for extinction risk. Here we present a case study of totoaba, the first marine fish considered as critically endangered. We assessed 16 microsatellite loci to determine whether the demographic collapse of the species resulted in a loss of genetic diversity. Our data indicate that genetic diversity of totoaba is in the range of values observed for fish with similar biological traits without a documented fishery collapse. Contemporary demographic analysis indicated no loss of genetic diversity. Long-term genealogical analysis showed a substantial reduction in effective population size. However, the time and causal effects for population decline cannot be inferred because of the large uncertainty in estimates. Our results indicate that the totoaba in the Gulf of California has not suffered a measurable contemporary reduction in genetic diversity, and that genetic diversity is driven by long-term climatic events. Estimates of current effective size indicate that it is large enough that genetic factors may not be a major problem for conservation. We conclude that the recent fishery collapse of totoaba did not have sufficient consequences at the genetic level to increase the risk of extinction from genetic drift. However, selective effects of fishing on the adaptive potential in totoaba remain unclear. C1 [Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto; Garcia-de-Leon, Francisco J.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Genet Conservac, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Valenzuela-Quinonez, Fausto; De-Anda-Montanez, Juan A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Modelac & Bioecon Pesquera, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Garza, John Carlos] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garcia-de-Leon, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Lab Genet Conservac, Calle IPN 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. EM fgarciadl@cibnor.mx OI Garcia de Leon, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-2323-2560 FU Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) [FB1508/HK050/10]; Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [165376]; CIBNOR [PC0.19, EP2, PC4.2]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center); CONACYT [46305] FX This work was funded by the Mexican Comision para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO Grant FB1508/HK050/10), the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT Grant 165376), CIBNOR Projects PC0.19, EP2 and PC4.2, and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center). We thank the Mexican Government's Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales through the Direccion General de Vida Silvestre for issuing permits SGPA/DGVS/02913/10 and SGPA/DGVS/05508/11 to conduct fieldwork. F. V. Q. is a recipient of a CONACYT Doctoral Fellowship (No. 46305). NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1619 EP 1628 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu058 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1BT UT WOS:000343315900010 ER PT J AU Cooper, DW Duffy-Anderson, JT Norcross, BL Holladay, BA Stabeno, PJ AF Cooper, Daniel W. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Norcross, Brenda L. Holladay, Brenda A. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Nursery areas of juvenile northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to hydrography and thermal regimes SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate; habitat; inner front; juvenile; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; northern rock sole ID STAFF BEAM TRAWL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH POPULATIONS; FLATFISH; LARVAL; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; RECRUITMENT AB Age-0 and age-1 northern rock sole were collected over large-scale areas of the eastern Bering Sea in the summers of 2003, 2008 and 2010. Age-0 presence was poorly predicted by a published resource selection model developed for the Gulf of Alaska, and the failure of that model may have been caused by oceanographic features in the eastern Bering Sea. Where a front (inner front) separated the well-mixed coastal domain from the stratified middle domain, age-0 fish were less abundant and occurred at fewer stations in the nearshore, thermally mixed coastal domain than expected by the Gulf of Alaska model. In contrast, where the inner front was not established, age-0 fish were present in the highest densities in nearshore and thermally mixed waters. North of Unimak Island, the same hydrographic pattern that inhibits the formation of the inner front also likely transports larvae near shore. Age-1 densities were highest in the coastal domain, and age-0 length decreased with distance from shore, suggesting northern rock sole move shoreward after settlement. Juvenile northern rock sole were abundant in a nursery area between Nunivak Island and Cape Newenham in a warm period (2003), but were almost completely absent in cold periods (2008 and 2010), leading to the hypothesis that climate variability limits the utility of this nursery area during cold periods. C1 [Cooper, Daniel W.; Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Norcross, Brenda L.; Holladay, Brenda A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cooper, DW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Programme; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224]; University of Alaska FX This research is contribution number N788-RAAOP to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. It was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Programme, and the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the University of Alaska. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1683 EP 1695 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst210 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1BT UT WOS:000343315900015 ER PT J AU Phillips, AJ Ciannelli, L Brodeur, RD Pearcy, WG Childers, J AF Phillips, A. Jason Ciannelli, Lorenzo Brodeur, Richard D. Pearcy, William G. Childers, John TI Spatio-temporal associations of albacore CPUEs in the Northeastern Pacific with regional SST and climate environmental variables SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE albacore; environmental variables; regime shifts; spatial distribution; temporal distribution ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THUNNUS-ALALUNGA; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DECADAL OSCILLATION; FISH POPULATION; OCEAN AB This study investigated the spatial distribution of juvenile North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in relation to local environmental variability [i.e. sea surface temperature (SST)], and two large-scale indices of climate variability, [the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Multivariate El Nino/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI)]. Changes in local and climate variables were correlated with 48 years of albacore troll catch per unit effort (CPUE) in 1 degrees latitude/longitude cells, using threshold Generalized Additive Mixed Models (tGAMMs). Model terms were included to account for non-stationary and spatially variable effects of the intervening covariates on albacore CPUE. Results indicate that SST had a positive and spatially variable effect on albacore CPUE, with increasingly positive effects to the North, while PDO had an overall negative effect. Although albacore CPUE increased with SST both before and after a threshold year of 1986, such effect geographically shifted north after 1986. This is the first study to demonstrate the non-stationary spatial dynamics of albacore tuna, linked with a major shift of the North Pacific. Results imply that if ocean temperatures continue to increase, US west coast fisher communities reliant on commercial albacore fisheries are likely to be negatively affected in the southern areas but positively affected in the northern areas, where current albacore landings are highest. C1 [Phillips, A. Jason; Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Pearcy, William G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Childers, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Phillips, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ajasonphillips@gmail.com FU Oregon Sea Grant under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170010, R/RCF-25]; NWFSC; SWFSC FX This report was prepared by Oregon Sea Grant under grant number NA06OAR4170010 (project number R/RCF-25) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by appropriations made by the Oregon State Legislature. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these funders. We would also like to acknowledge that Richard Brodeur was supported by funding provided by the NWFSC and John Childers and the collection of albacore data were supported by funding provided by the SWFSC. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1717 EP 1727 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst238 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1BT UT WOS:000343315900018 ER PT J AU McBride, MM Dalpadado, P Drinkwater, KF Godo, OR Hobday, AJ Hollowed, AB Kristiansen, T Murphy, EJ Ressler, PH Subbey, S Hofmann, EE Loeng, H AF McBride, Margaret M. Dalpadado, Padmini Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Godo, Olav Rune Hobday, Alistair J. Hollowed, Anne B. Kristiansen, Trond Murphy, Eugene J. Ressler, Patrick H. Subbey, Sam Hofmann, Eileen E. Loeng, Harald TI Krill, climate, and contrasting future scenarios for Arctic and Antarctic fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; fish; fisheries; foodwebs; Polar Regions; zooplankton ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; BOWHEAD WHALE DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; BARENTS SEA; FOOD-WEB; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CALANUS-GLACIALIS AB Arctic and Antarcticmarine systems have incommon high latitudes, large seasonal changes in light levels, cold air and sea temperatures, and sea ice. In other ways, however, they are strikingly different, including their: age, extent, geological structure, ice stability, and foodweb structure. Both regions contain very rapidly warming areas and climate impacts have been reported, as have dramatic future projections. However, the combined effects of a changing climate on oceanographic processes and foodweb dynamics are likely to influence their future fisheries in very different ways. Differences in the life-history strategies of the key zooplankton species (Antarctic krill in the Southern Ocean and Calanus copepods in the Arctic) will likely affect future productivity of fishery species and fisheries. To explore future scenarios for each region, this paper: (i) considers differing characteristics (including geographic, physical, and biological) that define polar marine ecosystems and reviews known and projected impacts of climate change on key zooplankton species that may impact fished species; (ii) summarizes existing fishery resources; (iii) synthesizes this information to generate future scenarios for fisheries; and (iv) considers the implications for future fisheries management. Published studies suggest that if an increase in open water during summer in Arctic and Subarctic seas results in increased primary and secondary production, biomass may increase for some important commercial fish stocks and new mixes of species may become targeted. In contrast, published studies suggest that in the Southern Ocean the potential for existing species to adapt is mixed and that the potential for the invasion of large and highly productive pelagic finfish species appears low. Thus, future Southern Ocean fisheries may largely be dependent on existing species. It is clear from this review that new management approaches will be needed that account for the changing dynamics in these regions under climate change. C1 [McBride, Margaret M.; Dalpadado, Padmini; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Godo, Olav Rune; Kristiansen, Trond; Subbey, Sam; Loeng, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO Climate Adaptat Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Murphy, Eugene J.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McBride, MM (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. EM margaret.mcbride@imr.no RI Hobday, Alistair/A-1460-2012; OI Hobday, Alistair/0000-0002-3194-8326; Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 FU Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS) project; NOAA (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); Arctic Council/Arctic Climate Impact Assessment/Cambridge University Press; Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR); British Antarctic Survey FX Many thanks to the Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS) project for having funded travel and work hours needed to complete this review. We sincerely thank the authors of papers (and their publishers), and sponsoring organizations of websites used in our review, for allowing us to include their figures, tables, and diagrams to illustrate points and support discussions, i.e. NOAA (US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) www.climate.gov, the Arctic Council/Arctic Climate Impact Assessment/Cambridge University Press, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR/David Ramm), the British Antarctic Survey, Joseph Eastman, Hauke Flores, and Edda Johannesen. Technical assistance from Aleksander Sandvik (IMR) to the enhance quality of all figures before publication is greatly appreciated. Thanks also to Drs Michael Fogarty, Jeff Napp, and Elizabeth Logerwell (NOAA Fisheries, USA) for having conducted early reviews of the manuscript. NR 210 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 16 U2 151 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1934 EP 1955 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu002 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AR1BT UT WOS:000343315900039 ER PT J AU Mannino, A Novak, MG Hooker, SB Hyde, K Aurin, D AF Mannino, Antonio Novak, Michael G. Hooker, Stanford B. Hyde, Kimberly Aurin, Dirk TI Algorithm development and validation of CDOM properties for estuarine and continental shelf waters along the northeastern U.S. coast SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CDOM; MODIS; SeaWiFS; Chesapeake Bay; Ocean; Remote sensing; Ocean color; Continental shelf; Middle Atlantic Bight; Gulf of Maine; Georges Bank ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; ABSORPTION SPECTRAL SLOPES; OCEAN COLOR ALGORITHMS; CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB An extensive set of field measurements have been collected throughout the continental margin of the northeastern U.S. from 2004 to 2011 to develop and validate ocean color satellite algorithms for the retrieval of the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (a(CDOM)) and CDOM spectral slopes for the 275:295 nm and 300:600 nm spectral range (S-275:295 and S-300:600). Remote sensing reflectance (R-rs) measurements computed from in-water radiometry profiles along with a(CDOM)(lambda) data are applied to develop several types of algorithms for the SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua ocean color satellite sensors, which involve least squares linear regression of a(CDOM)(X) with (1)R-rs band ratios, (2) quasi-analytical algorithm-based (QAA-based) products of total absorption coefficients, (3) multiple R-rs bands within a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, and (4) diffuse attenuation coefficient (K-d). The relative error (mean absolute percent difference; MAPD) for the MLR retrievals of a(CDOM)(275), a(CDOM)(355), a(CDOM)(380), a(CDOM)(412) and a(CDOM)(443) for our study region range from 20.4 to 23.9% for MODIS-Aqua and 27.3-30% for SeaWiFS. Because of the narrower range of CDOM spectral slope values, the MAPD for the MLR S-275:295 and S-300:600 algorithms are much lower ranging from 9.9% and 9.1% for SeaWiFS, respectively, and 8.7% and 9.7% for MODIS, respectively. Multi-year, seasonal and spatial MODIS-Aqua and SeaWiFS distributions of Claw, S-275:295 and S-300:600 processed with these algorithms are consistent with field measurements and the processes that impact CDOM levels along the continental shelf of the northeastern U.S. Several satellite data processing factors correlate with higher uncertainty in satellite retrievals of a(CDOM), S-275:295 and S-300.600 within the coastal ocean, including solar zenith angle, sensor viewing angle, and atmospheric products applied for atmospheric corrections. Algorithms that include ultraviolet R-rs bands provide a better fit to field measurements than algorithms without the ultraviolet R-rs bands. This suggests that satellite sensors with ultraviolet capability could provide better retrievals of CDOM. Because of the strong correlations between CDOM parameters and DOM constituents in the coastal ocean, satellite observations of CDOM parameters can be applied to study the distributions, sources and sinks of DOM, which are relevant for understanding the carbon cycle, modeling the Earth system, and to discern how the Earth is changing. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mannino, Antonio; Hooker, Stanford B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Novak, Michael G.; Aurin, Dirk] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SSAI Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyde, Kimberly] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Serv Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mannino, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 616-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM antonio.mannino@nasa.gov RI Hooker, Stanford/E-2162-2012; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014 FU NASA programs; Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (Climate Variability of the East Coast [CliVEC] project and calibration/validation project); Biodiversity Program; New Investigator Program and Interdisciplinary Science FX Various NASA programs supported the work described in this publication including the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (Climate Variability of the East Coast [CliVEC] project and calibration/validation project), Biodiversity Program, New Investigator Program and Interdisciplinary Science. We thank the captains and crews of the RN Delaware II, RN Sharp, RN Gulf Challenger, RN Connecticut, and RN Fay Slover. Our profound gratitude to Jerry Prezioso, Jon Hare, and Harvey Walsh for accommodating our CliVEC project research on NOAA's Northeast Marine Fisheries Service Ecosystem Monitoring (ECO-Mon) cruises. Many thanks to Veronica Lance, Xiaoju Pan, Davide D'Alimonte, Mary Russ, Katherine Filippino, Peter Bernhardt, Jean-Noel Druon, and John Morrow for their assistance on the various research cruises that contributed to this work. We thank Mike Twardowski for organizing and leading the OBB-supported calibration/validation project and cruises in the Hudson River-Estuary and New York Bight region. Ru Morrison kindly invited our group to participate on cruises in the Gulf of Maine and waters surrounding the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory. Thanks to Jay Austin, Eileen Hofmann and John Klinck for planning and/or assistance with the Old Dominion University Chesapeake Bay mouth hydrography transects and data access. We express our sincere gratitude to Chuck McClain and three anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on a prior draft of this manuscript that improved the final version of this manuscript. Many thanks to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Ocean Biology Processing Group for their efforts in providing high quality MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite data products. NR 98 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 152 BP 576 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.06.027 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AR2CW UT WOS:000343392200043 ER PT J AU Brooks, S Ren, XR Cohen, M Luke, WT Kelley, P Artz, R Hynes, A Landing, W Martos, B AF Brooks, Steve Ren, Xinrong Cohen, Mark Luke, Winston T. Kelley, Paul Artz, Richard Hynes, Anthony Landing, William Martos, Borja TI Airborne Vertical Profiling of Mercury Speciation near Tullahoma, TN, USA SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric mercury; gaseous elemental mercury; gaseous oxidized mercury; particulate-bound mercury; airborne measurements; vertical profile; HYSPLIT ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; OXIDATION; TROPOSPHERE; OZONE; MODEL; FATE; OH AB Atmospheric transport and in situ oxidation are important factors influencing mercury concentrations at the surface and wet and dry deposition rates. Contributions of both natural and anthropogenic processes can significantly impact burdens of mercury on local, regional and global scales. To address these key issues in atmospheric mercury research, airborne measurements of mercury speciation and ancillary parameters were conducted over a region near Tullahoma, Tennessee, USA, from August 2012 to June 2013. Here, for the first time, we present vertical profiles of Hg speciation from aircraft for an annual cycle over the same location. These airborne measurements included gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM), as well as ozone (O-3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), condensation nuclei (CN) and meteorological parameters. The flights, each lasting -3 h, were conducted typically one week out of each month to characterize seasonality in mercury concentrations. Data obtained from 0 to 6 km altitudes show that GEM exhibited a relatively constant vertical profile for all seasons with an average concentration of 1.38 +/- 0.17 ng.m(-3). A pronounced seasonality of GOM was observed, with the highest GOM concentrations up to 120 pg.m(-3) in the summer flights and lowest (0-20 pg.m(-3)) in the winter flights. Vertical profiles of GOM show the maximum levels at altitudes between 2 and 4 km. Limited PBM measurements exhibit similar levels to GOM at all altitudes. HYSPLIT back trajectories showed that the trajectories for elevated GOM (> 70 pg.m(-3)) or PBM concentrations (> 30 pg.m(-3)) were largely associated with air masses coming from west/northwest, while events with low GOM (< 20 pg.m(-3)) or PBM concentrations (< 5 pg.m(-3)) were generally associated with winds from a wider range of wind directions. This is the first set of speciated mercury vertical profiles collected in a single location over the course of a year. Even though there are current concerns that the KCl denuders used in this study may under-collect GOM, especially in the presence of elevated ozone, the collected data in this region shows the strong seasonality of oxidized mercury concentrations throughout the low to middle free troposphere. C1 [Brooks, Steve; Ren, Xinrong; Cohen, Mark; Luke, Winston T.; Kelley, Paul; Artz, Richard] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Brooks, Steve; Martos, Borja] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Kelley, Paul] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Landing, William] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hynes, Anthony] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ren, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sbrooks@utsi.edu; Xinrong.Ren@noaa.gov; Mark.Cohen@noaa.gov; Winston.Luke@noaa.gov; Paul.Kelley@noaa.gov; Richard.Artz@noaa.gov; ahynes@rsmas.miami.edu; wlanding@fsu.edu; bmartos@utsi.edu RI Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA09OAR4600198, NA10OAR4600209]; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Project #: NA09OAR4600198 and NA10OAR4600209). We thank the University of Tennessee Space Institute flight crew, Devon Simmons, Gregory Heatherly, Samuel Williams and Jacob Bowman, for their dedicated work to make the airborne measurements successful. Support for this research was also partially provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites agreement funded by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under a NOAA Cooperative Agreement. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 BP 557 EP 574 DI 10.3390/atmos5030557 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8UZ UT WOS:000343111900005 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Barnard, J Flynn, C Riihimaki, L Michalsky, J Hodges, G AF Kassianov, Evgueni Barnard, James Flynn, Connor Riihimaki, Laura Michalsky, Joseph Hodges, Gary TI Areal-Averaged Spectral Surface Albedo from Ground-Based Transmission Data Alone: Toward an Operational Retrieval SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR); tower-based measurements; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations; atmospheric transmission; areal-averaged and local surface albedo; spectral and seasonal variability; ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site; NOAA Table Mountain site ID CLOUD OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; WATER CLOUDS; IN-SITU; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; DEPTH AB We present here a simple retrieval of the areal-averaged spectral surface albedo using only ground-based measurements of atmospheric transmission under fully overcast conditions. Our retrieval is based on a one-line equation. The feasibility of our retrieval for routine determinations of albedo is demonstrated for different landscapes with various degrees of heterogeneity using three sets of measurements: (1) spectral atmospheric transmission from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) at five wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673, and 870 nm); (2) tower-based measurements of local surface albedo at the same wavelengths; and (3) areal-averaged surface albedo at four wavelengths (470, 560, 670 and 860 nm) from collocated and coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. These integrated datasets cover both temporally long (2008-2013) and short (April-May 2010) periods at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Table Mountain site, respectively. The calculated root mean square error (RMSE), defined here as the root mean squared difference between the MODIS-derived surface albedo and the retrieved areal-averaged albedo, is quite small (RMSE <= 0.015) and comparable with that obtained previously by other investigators for the shortwave broadband albedo. Good agreement between tower-based measurements of daily-averaged surface albedo for completely overcast and non-overcast conditions is also demonstrated. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Barnard, James; Flynn, Connor; Riihimaki, Laura] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hodges, Gary] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov; James.Barnard@pnnl.gov; Connor.Flynn@pnnl.gov; Laura.Riihimaki@pnnl.gov; Joseph.Michalsky@noaa.gov; Gary.Hodges@noaa.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-A06-76RLO 1830] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830. The MODIS surface albedo data, with product designation MCD43B3 (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mcd43b3; 1-km resolution), are downloaded from the MODIS Reprojection Tool Web Interface (MRTWeb) site (https://mrtweb.cr.usgs.gov/). We greatly appreciate that these data have been made available to us. The image of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains Central Facility 60-meter tower is provided courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy ARM Climate Research Facility. We are grateful to Allison McComiskey and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 BP 597 EP 621 DI 10.3390/atmos5030597 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8UZ UT WOS:000343111900007 ER PT J AU Sun, YL Bian, LG Tang, J Gao, ZQ Lu, CG Schnell, RC AF Sun, Yulong Bian, Lingen Tang, Jie Gao, Zhiqiu Lu, Changgui Schnell, Russell C. TI CO2 Monitoring and Background Mole Fraction at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; Zhongshan Station; CO2; background; CO2 characteristics ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRACE GASES; EMISSION; ANALYZER AB Background CO2 mole fraction and seasonal variations, measured at Zhongshan station, Antarctica, for 2010 through 2013, exhibit the expected lowest mole fraction in March with a peak in November. Irrespective of wind direction, the mole fraction of CO2 distributes evenly after polluted air from station operations is removed from the data sets. The daily range of average CO2 mole fraction in all four seasons is small. The monthly mean CO2 mole fraction at Zhongshan station is similar to that of other stations in Antarctica, with seasonal CO2 amplitudes in the order of 384-392 mu mol.mol(-1). The annual increase in recent years is about 2 mu mol.mol(-1).yr(-1). There is no appreciable difference between CO2 mole fractions around the coast of Antarctica and in the interior, showing that CO2 observed in Antarctica has been fully mixed in the atmosphere as it moves from the north through the southern hemisphere. C1 [Sun, Yulong; Bian, Lingen] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Climate & Weather Disasters Collaborat Innovat Ct, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Bian, Lingen; Tang, Jie; Lu, Changgui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Sun, Yulong; Gao, Zhiqiu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Schnell, Russell C.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, R GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bian, LG (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Climate & Weather Disasters Collaborat Innovat Ct, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM sunyulong211@gmail.com; blg@cams.cma.gov.cn; tangj@cams.cma.gov.cn; zgao@nuist.edu.cn; lcg@cams.cma.gov.cn; Russell.C.Schnell@noaa.gov FU Program of China Polar Environment Investigation and Assessment [CHINARE2011-2015] FX This work was supported by the Program of China Polar Environment Investigation and Assessment (Project No. CHINARE2011-2015), the authors appreciate the assistance of all staff wintered in Zhongshan station during the data collection. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 3 BP 686 EP 698 DI 10.3390/atmos5030686 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8UZ UT WOS:000343111900011 ER PT J AU French, NHF McKenzie, D Erickson, T Koziol, B Billmire, M Endsley, KA Scheinerman, NKY Jenkins, L Miller, ME Ottmar, R Prichard, S AF French, Nancy H. F. McKenzie, Donald Erickson, Tyler Koziol, Benjamin Billmire, Michael Endsley, K. Arthur Scheinerman, Naomi K. Yager Jenkins, Liza Miller, Mary Ellen Ottmar, Roger Prichard, Susan TI Modeling Regional-Scale Wildland Fire Emissions with the Wildland Fire Emissions Information System SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE North America; Geographic information systems (GIS); Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Forest fires ID CHARACTERISTIC CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; AMERICAN BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FUEL CONSUMPTION; CARBON RELEASE; BURNED AREA; MODIS; PRODUCT AB As carbon modeling tools become more comprehensive, spatial data are needed to improve quantitative maps of carbon emissions from fire. The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) provides mapped estimates of carbon emissions from historical forest fires in the United States through a web browser. WFEIS improves access to data and provides a consistent approach to estimating emissions at landscape, regional, and continental scales. The system taps into data and tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service to describe fuels, fuel loadings, and fuel consumption and merges information from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration on fire location and timing. Currently, WFEIS provides web access to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area for North America and U.S. fire-perimeter maps from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity products from the USGS, overlays them on 1-km fuel maps for the United States, and calculates fuel consumption and emissions with an open-source version of the Consume model. Mapped fuel moisture is derived from daily meteorological data from remote automated weather stations. In addition to tabular output results, WFEIS produces multiple vector and raster formats. This paper provides an overview of the WFEIS system, including the web-based system functionality and datasets used for emissions estimates. WFEIS operates on the web and is built using open-source software components that work with open international standards such as keyhole markup language (KML). Examples of emissions outputs from WFEIS are presented showing that the system provides results that vary widely across the many ecosystems of North America and are consistent with previous emissions modeling estimates and products. C1 [French, Nancy H. F.; Billmire, Michael; Endsley, K. Arthur; Scheinerman, Naomi K. Yager; Jenkins, Liza; Miller, Mary Ellen] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [McKenzie, Donald; Ottmar, Roger] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, PNW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Erickson, Tyler] Google, Mountain View, CA USA. [Koziol, Benjamin] NOAA, NESII, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Koziol, Benjamin] NOAA, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Prichard, Susan] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP French, NHF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM nhfrench@mtu.edu; dmck@u.washington.edu; tylerickson@gmail.com; ben.koziol@noaa.gov; mgbillmi@mtu.edu; kaendsle@mtu.edu; naomi.k.scheinerman@gmail.com; lliverse@mtu.edu; marymill@mtu.edu; rottmar@fs.fed.us; sprich@u.washington.edu OI Endsley, K. Arthur/0000-0001-9722-8092 FU NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program [NNX08AK69G]; NASA Applications Program [NNX09AP53G, NNX12AQ90G]; NASA Carbon Monitoring Program [NNX12AM91G] FX Funding for WFEIS development and the analyses presented here has been supported through grants from the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (Grant NNX08AK69G to MTRI and USFS), the NASA Applications Program (Grants NNX09AP53G to the National Institute of Aerospace, A. Soja, PI and NNX12AQ90G to MTRI and USFS), and the NASA Carbon Monitoring Program (Grant NNX12AM91G to MTRI and USFS). The authors acknowledge the help of many research associates, analysts, software developers, and interns that were involved in a variety of tasks in the development of WFEIS, especially Eric Keefauver, Jessica McCarty, Kimberly Mobley, Nicholas Molen, Robert Norheim, Reid Sawtell, Kjell Swedin, and Marlene Tyner. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 18 AR 16 DI 10.1175/EI-D-14-0002.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ9AV UT WOS:000343133400001 ER PT J AU Meiselman, S Cohen, O DeCamp, MF Lorenz, VO AF Meiselman, Seth Cohen, Offir DeCamp, Matthew F. Lorenz, Virginia O. TI Observation of coherence oscillations of single ensemble excitations in methanol SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID METHANOL; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; CARS; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; PULSES AB We demonstrate coherence measurements of single-photon-level collective excitations of vibrational states using transient coherent spontaneous Raman scattering in liquid methanol. We observe the decay of the 1033 cm(-1) mode and coherence oscillations due to simultaneous excitation of the 2834 and 2944 cm(-1) modes. The coherence lifetimes and oscillation frequencies agree with frequency-domain line-shape measurements and femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements. The demonstrated technique is complementary to and, in some cases, simpler than traditional stimulated spectroscopy techniques in that it does not require more than one laser and is free of nonresonant background. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Meiselman, Seth; DeCamp, Matthew F.; Lorenz, Virginia O.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cohen, Offir] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Cohen, Offir] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Lorenz, VO (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM vlorenz@udel.edu FU University of Delaware Research Foundation; NSF Physics Division [1205812] FX This work was supported in part by the University of Delaware Research Foundation and the NSF Physics Division, grant no. 1205812. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2131 EP 2135 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.31.002131 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA AR0FA UT WOS:000343242700017 ER PT J AU Pan, LD Kim, SK Ghosh, A Morris, CM Ross, KA Kermarrec, E Gaulin, BD Koohpayeh, SM Tchernyshyov, O Armitage, NP AF Pan, LiDong Kim, Se Kwon Ghosh, A. Morris, Christopher M. Ross, Kate A. Kermarrec, Edwin Gaulin, Bruce D. Koohpayeh, S. M. Tchernyshyov, Oleg Armitage, N. P. TI Low-energy electrodynamics of novel spin excitations in the quantum spin ice Yb2Ti2O7 SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MONOPOLES AB In condensed matter systems, formation of long-range order (LRO) is often accompanied by new excitations. However, in many geometrically frustrated magnetic systems, conventional LRO is suppressed, while non-trivial spin correlations are still observed. A natural question to ask is then what is the nature of the excitations in this highly correlated state without broken symmetry? Frequently, applying a symmetry breaking field stabilizes excitations whose properties reflect certain aspects of the anomalous state without LRO. Here we report a THz spectroscopy study of novel excitations in quantum spin ice Yb2Ti2O7 under a < 001 > directed magnetic field. At large positive fields, both right-and left-handed magnon and two-magnon-like excitations are observed. The g-factors of these excitations are dramatically enhanced in the low-field limit, showing a crossover of these states into features consistent with the quantum string-like excitations proposed to exist in quantum spin ice in small < 001 > fields. C1 [Pan, LiDong; Kim, Se Kwon; Ghosh, A.; Morris, Christopher M.; Ross, Kate A.; Koohpayeh, S. M.; Tchernyshyov, Oleg; Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, Kate A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kermarrec, Edwin; Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Armitage, NP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM npa@pha.jhu.edu OI Kermarrec, Edwin/0000-0002-3467-5482 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF2628]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSERC FX This work at JHU was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF2628 to N.P.A. and the DOE through DE-FG02-08ER46544. The crystal growth work at McMaster was supported by NSERC. We thank C. Broholm, M. Mourigal and J. Deisenhofer for helpful conversations, we also thank J.B. Kycia and J.A. Quilliam for providing the heat capacity results. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4970 DI 10.1038/ncomms5970 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ7HZ UT WOS:000342984800026 PM 25233136 ER PT J AU Gruber, JD Moeller, P Flume, PA Zhang, Y AF Gruber, J. D. Moeller, P. Flume, P. A. Zhang, Y. TI THE ROLE OF 2,4-DIHYDROXYQUINOLINE (DHQ) IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINSA PATHOGENICITY SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gruber, J. D.; Zhang, Y.] Med Univ S Carolina, Summerville, SC USA. [Moeller, P.] NOAA, Charleston, SC USA. [Flume, P. A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8755-6863 EI 1099-0496 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 SU 38 MA 375 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA AQ6MD UT WOS:000342926000459 ER PT J AU Tyson, TA Yu, T Croft, M Scofield, ME Bobb-Semple, D Tao, J Jaye, C Fischer, D Wong, SS AF Tyson, Trevor A. Yu, Tian Croft, Mark Scofield, Megan E. Bobb-Semple, Dara Tao, Jing Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Polar state in freestanding strontium titanate nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SRTIO3 THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITION; FINE-STRUCTURE; PEROVSKITE; FERROELECTRICITY; DISORDER; SILICON AB Monodispersed strontium titanate nanoparticles were prepared and studied in detail. It is found that similar to 10 nm as-prepared stoichiometric nanoparticles are in a polar structural state (possibly with ferroelectric properties) over a broad temperature range. A tetragonal structure, with possible reduction of the electronic hybridization, is found as the particle size is reduced. In the 10 nm particles, no change in the local Ti-off centering is seen between 20 and 300 K. The results indicate that nanoscale motifs of SrTiO3 may be utilized in data storage as assembled nano-particle arrays in applications where chemical stability, temperature stability, and low toxicity are critical issues. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tyson, Trevor A.; Yu, Tian] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Croft, Mark] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Scofield, Megan E.; Bobb-Semple, Dara; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tao, Jing; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tyson, TA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM tyson@njit.edu; sswong@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46402]; DOE, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE FX This work is supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-FG02-07ER46402 (TAT, TY) and research by MES and SSW was supported by the DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy data acquisition was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source which is funded by DOE. We thank Dr. Yuqin Zhang (NJIT) for conducting the Raman measurements on the samples. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 9 AR 091901 DI 10.1063/1.4894253 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ4FX UT WOS:000342749800015 ER PT J AU Christie, MR Ford, MJ Blouin, MS AF Christie, Mark R. Ford, Michael J. Blouin, Michael S. TI On the reproductive success of early-generation hatchery fish in the wild SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE captive breeding; domestication; fitness; hatcheries; relative reproductive success; salmon ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; STEELHEAD TROUT; COHO SALMON; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC ADAPTATION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; RELATIVE FITNESS AB Large numbers of hatchery salmon spawn in wild populations each year. Hatchery fish with multiple generations of hatchery ancestry often have heritably lower reproductive success than wild fish and may reduce the fitness of an entire population. Whether this reduced fitness also occurs for hatchery fish created with local- and predominantly wild-origin parents remains controversial. Here, we review recent studies on the reproductive success of such early-generation' hatchery fish that spawn in the wild. Combining 51 estimates from six studies on four salmon species, we found that (i) early-generation hatchery fish averaged only half the reproductive success of their wild-origin counterparts when spawning in the wild, (ii) the reduction in reproductive success was more severe for males than for females, and (iii) all species showed reduced fitness due to hatchery rearing. We review commonalities among studies that point to possible mechanisms (e.g., environmental versus genetic effects). Furthermore, we illustrate that sample sizes typical of these studies result in low statistical power to detect fitness differences unless the differences are substantial. This review demonstrates that reduced fitness of early-generation hatchery fish may be a general phenomenon. Future research should focus on determining the causes of those fitness reductions and whether they lead to long-term reductions in the fitness of wild populations. C1 [Christie, Mark R.; Blouin, Michael S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Christie, Mark R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Christie, Mark R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ford, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Christie, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christim@science.oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration FX The views and opinions presented here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their employers or funding sources. We wish to thank Barry Berejikian, Ewann Berntson, Craig Busack, Jeff Hard, Catherine Searle, Veronique Theriault, and Robin Waples for providing insightful comments on earlier drafts of this article. We also wish to thank Craig Primmer and the reviewers for comments that have greatly improved this article. This research was funded in part by grants from the Bonneville Power Administration to Michael Blouin. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 8 BP 883 EP 896 DI 10.1111/eva.12183 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA AQ4IA UT WOS:000342756300003 PM 25469167 ER PT J AU Murauskas, JG Fryer, JK Nordlund, B Miller, JL AF Murauskas, Joshua G. Fryer, Jeffery K. Nordlund, Bryan Miller, Joseph L. TI Trapping Effects and Fisheries Research: A Case Study of Sockeye Salmon in the Wenatchee River, USA SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SPAWNING MIGRATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CHINOOK SALMON; WILD; WASHINGTON; HATCHERY; COLUMBIA; SUCCESS; FITNESS; PASSAGE AB Trapping facilities are regularly used to achieve a variety of fishery research and management goals. Though care of sampled organisms is a central tenet of most agencies, the effects of trapping on fish behavior are seldom quantified. We used passive integrated transponder technology to calculate passage delay and blockage of adult Sockeye Salmon at a facility where all spring-migrating fishes were trapped for research between 2008 and 2010. Median passage delay ranged from 0.4 to 8.7 days, and 8% to 38% of the return (2,387 to 21,090 adults) was precluded from reaching upriver spawning habitat. A protocol limiting trapping to less than 24 h per week was implemented in 2011 and median delay decreased to 6 min, with the result being that nearly all fish were able to ascend to spawning grounds for two consecutive years. The annual variation in delay was unrelated to run size or river flow, indicating that research activities requiring intensive trapping operations had inadvertently blocked tens of thousands of adult salmon from reaching spawning tributaries. We use this case study to advocate the adoption of a precautionary approach where trapping of adult migratory fishes is proposed but the effects are unknown. RESUMENlas instalaciones para el entrampamiento normalmente se utilizan en el cumplimiento de diversas investigaciones pesqueras y objetivos de manejo. Mientras que el cuidado de los organismos muestreados representa uno de los temas centrales para la mayoria de las agencias, los efectos del entrampamiento en la conducta de los peces son raramente cuantificados. Se utilizo un transponedor pasivo integrado para calcular el retraso y bloqueo durante el paso de salmones rojos adultos en instalaciones en las que todos los peces migrantes de primavera fueron asegurados para su posterior investigacion entre 2008 y 2010. La mediana del retraso durante el paso vario de 0.4 a 8.7 dias y se impidio que entre 8% y 38% (2,387 a 21,090 adultos) de los individuos regresaran al habitat de desove. Se implemento un protocolo para limitar el entrampamiento a menos de 24 horas por semana y la mediana del retraso disminuyo a 6 minutos, dando como resultado que casi todos los peces fueran capaces de ascender a las areas de desove durante dos anos consecutivos. La variacion anual en el retraso del paso resulto ser independiente del tamano de la corrida y de la magnitud del flujo, indicando que las actividades de investigacion que requieren de operaciones de entrampamiento han bloqueado de manera inadvertida el paso de decenas de miles de salmones adultos hacia sus sitios de desove en los tributarios. Se utilizo este caso de estudio para abogar por la adopcion de un enfoque precautorio en el que se propone el entrampamiento de peces migratorios adultos aunque su efecto se desconozca. C1 [Murauskas, Joshua G.; Miller, Joseph L.] Anchor QEA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Fryer, Jeffery K.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR USA. [Nordlund, Bryan] NOAA, Lacey, WA USA. RP Murauskas, JG (reprint author), Anchor QEA, 23 S Wenatchee Ave,Suite 220, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM jmurauskas@anchorqea.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2014 VL 39 IS 9 BP 408 EP 414 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.943366 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AQ6GA UT WOS:000342907000006 ER PT J AU Assael, MJ Koini, IA Antoniadis, KD Huber, ML Abdulagatov, IM Perkins, RA AF Assael, M. J. Koini, I. A. Antoniadis, K. D. Huber, M. L. Abdulagatov, I. M. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Sulfur Hexafluoride from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 150 MPa (vol 41, 023104, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 [Assael, M. J.; Koini, I. A.; Antoniadis, K. D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3 AR 039901 DI 10.1063/1.4885454 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AQ5LG UT WOS:000342849900004 ER PT J AU Avgeri, S Assael, MJ Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Avgeri, S. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Benzene from the Triple Point to 675 K and up to 300 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; EXCESS ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITIES; METHANOL PLUS BENZENE; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; P-XYLENE; DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the viscosity of benzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. The correlation is valid from the triple point (278.647 K) to 675 K, and at pressures up to 300 MPa, with the exception of temperatures lower than 350 K where the pressure is restricted to 200 MPa. For the liquid phase, at temperatures from 288 to 373 K at pressures up to 80 MPa, we estimate the uncertainty (at a 95% confidence level) to be 1.8%, increasing to 3.4% at 200 MPa, and 5% at pressures up to the correlation maximum. For the liquid at temperatures from 373 to 523 K, the uncertainty is 2.7% at pressures from saturation to 50 MPa, rising to 3.6% at 300 MPa. For temperatures above 523 K, we estimate the uncertainty in the liquid phase to be 5%. The uncertainty for the low-density fluid phase at temperatures from 305 to 640 K and pressures to 0.3 MPa is estimated to be 0.2%. (C) 2014 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Avgeri, S.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. NR 179 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2014 VL 43 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.4892935 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AQ5LG UT WOS:000342849900003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, S Sindermann, C Cipriano, R AF McLaughlin, Shawn Sindermann, Carl Cipriano, Rocco TI Aaron Rosenfield 1924-2013 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [McLaughlin, Shawn] NOAA, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Cipriano, Rocco] USGS, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP McLaughlin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 2 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.2983/035.033.0202 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ3LB UT WOS:000342693800002 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Sullivan, K Le Eberhart, BT Shuler, A Hignutt, E Kiser, J Eckert, GL Shumway, SE Morton, SL AF Trainer, Vera L. Sullivan, Kate Le Eberhart, Bich-Thuy Shuler, Andrew Hignutt, Emanuel, Jr. Kiser, John Eckert, Ginny L. Shumway, Sandra E. Morton, Steve L. TI ENHANCING SHELLFISH SAFETY IN ALASKA THROUGH MONITORING OF HARMFUL ALGAE AND THEIR TOXINS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paralytic shellfish poisoning; Alaska; shellfish; harmful algal blooms ID TRENDS AB Harmful algal blooms cause serious problems to public health and the economic viability of shellfish industries in Alaska. The most common phycotoxins in this region are saxitoxin and its congeners, collectively referred to as paralytic shellfish toxins, the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. The illness of 26 and death of 2 people in southeast Alaska as a result of PSP in 2010 through 2012 illustrates the need for change in the way paralytic shellfish toxins are monitored and managed in Alaska. The implementation of a scientific monitoring partnership, the Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom monitoring network, designed to provide an early warning of harmful algal blooms-in particular, those that cause PSP-is described. The program includes a tiered sampling approach, and weekly microscopic observation of seawater samples for the presence of the causative toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium, followed by rapid toxin testing using a high-throughput antibody-based test as a complement to the standard regulatory testing performed by managers at the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. Partners in the Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom monitoring network began monitoring in 2008 and thus were able to provide an early warning of a widespread PSP event near Ketchikan in 2011, and the environmental conditions preceding a shellfish closure resulting from paralytic shellfish toxins near Mosman Island in southeast Alaska in 2012. A comprehensive and integrative communication network between Alaska Harmful Algal Bloom monitoring network personnel and state managers, health professionals, shellfish growers, and the general public is proposed to protect human health and promote safe shellfish harvest in Alaska. C1 [Trainer, Vera L.; Le Eberhart, Bich-Thuy] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sullivan, Kate] Univ Alaska Southeast, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Shuler, Andrew; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hignutt, Emanuel, Jr.] Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Alaska State Environm Hlth Lab, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. [Kiser, John] Rocky Bay Oysters LLC, Ketchikan, AK 99901 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Morton, SL (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steve.morton@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 2 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.2983/035.033.0222 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ3LB UT WOS:000342693800021 ER PT J AU Munro, SA Lund, SP Pine, PS Binder, H Clevert, DA Conesa, A Dopazo, J Fasold, M Hochreiter, S Hong, HX Jafari, N Kreil, DP Labaj, PP Li, S Liao, Y Lin, SM Meehan, J Mason, CE Santoyo-Lopez, J Setterquist, RA Shi, LM Shi, W Smyth, GK Stralis-Pavese, N Su, ZQ Tong, WD Wang, C Wang, J Xu, J Ye, Z Yang, Y Yu, Y Salit, M AF Munro, Sarah A. Lund, Steven P. Pine, P. Scott Binder, Hans Clevert, Djork-Arne Conesa, Ana Dopazo, Joaquin Fasold, Mario Hochreiter, Sepp Hong, Huixiao Jafari, Nadereh Kreil, David P. Labaj, Pawel P. Li, Sheng Liao, Yang Lin, Simon M. Meehan, Joseph Mason, Christopher E. Santoyo-Lopez, Javier Setterquist, Robert A. Shi, Leming Shi, Wei Smyth, Gordon K. Stralis-Pavese, Nancy Su, Zhenqiang Tong, Weida Wang, Charles Wang, Jian Xu, Joshua Ye, Zhan Yang, Yong Yu, Ying Salit, Marc TI Assessing technical performance in differential gene expression experiments with external spike-in RNA control ratio mixtures SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS; QUALITY-CONTROL; SEQ EXPERIMENTS; REPRODUCIBILITY; BIOCONDUCTOR; CONSORTIUM; STANDARDS; ACCURACY; SAMPLES AB There is a critical need for standard approaches to assess, report and compare the technical performance of genome-scale differential gene expression experiments. Here we assess technical performance with a proposed standard 'dashboard' of metrics derived from analysis of external spike-in RNA control ratio mixtures. These control ratio mixtures with defined abundance ratios enable assessment of diagnostic performance of differentially expressed transcript lists, limit of detection of ratio (LODR) estimates and expression ratio variability and measurement bias. The performance metrics suite is applicable to analysis of a typical experiment, and here we also apply these metrics to evaluate technical performance among laboratories. An interlaboratory study using identical samples shared among 12 laboratories with three different measurement processes demonstrates generally consistent diagnostic power across 11 laboratories. Ratio measurement variability and bias are also comparable among laboratories for the same measurement process. We observe different biases for measurement processes using different mRNA-enrichment protocols. C1 [Munro, Sarah A.; Lund, Steven P.; Pine, P. Scott; Salit, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Munro, Sarah A.; Pine, P. Scott; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Binder, Hans] Univ Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Ctr Bioinformat, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. [Clevert, Djork-Arne; Hochreiter, Sepp] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Bioinformat, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Conesa, Ana; Dopazo, Joaquin] Principe Felipe Res Ctr, Computat Genom Program, Valencia 46012, Spain. [Dopazo, Joaquin; Santoyo-Lopez, Javier] CIBERER, Valencia, Spain. [Dopazo, Joaquin; Santoyo-Lopez, Javier] INB, Funct Genom Node, Valencia, Spain. [Fasold, Mario] ecSeq Bioinformat, D-04275 Leipzig, Germany. [Hong, Huixiao; Meehan, Joseph; Su, Zhenqiang; Tong, Weida; Xu, Joshua] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Jafari, Nadereh] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Genom Core Facil, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Kreil, David P.; Labaj, Pawel P.; Stralis-Pavese, Nancy] Boku Univ Vienna, Chair Bioinformat, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. [Kreil, David P.] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Li, Sheng; Mason, Christopher E.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Inst Computat Biomed, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Liao, Yang; Shi, Wei; Smyth, Gordon K.] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Liao, Yang] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med Biol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Lin, Simon M.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. [Santoyo-Lopez, Javier] Med Genome Project, Genom & Bioinformat Platform Andalusia, Seville 41092, Spain. [Setterquist, Robert A.] Thermo Fisher Sci Res & Dev, Austin, TX 78744 USA. [Shi, Leming; Yu, Ying] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Shi, Leming; Yu, Ying] Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, MOE Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Shi, Leming; Yu, Ying] Fudan Univ, Sch Pharm, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Shi, Leming; Yu, Ying] Fudan Univ, Sch Pharm, MOE Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Shi, Wei] Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp & Informat Syst, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Smyth, Gordon K.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Wang, Charles] Loma Linda Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genom, Div Microbiol & Mol Genet, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Wang, Jian; Yang, Yong] Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Corp Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Ye, Zhan] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Biomed Informat Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Munro, SA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smunro@nist.gov; salit@nist.gov RI Labaj, Pawel/N-5425-2014; Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Smyth, Gordon/B-5276-2008; Kreil, D/O-1783-2013 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Smyth, Gordon/0000-0001-9221-2892; Hochreiter, Sepp/0000-0001-7449-2528; Kreil, D/0000-0001-7538-2056 FU Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC); Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF); Baxter AG; Austrian Research Centres (ARC) Seibersdorf; Austrian Centre of Biopharmaceutical Technology (ACBT); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [BIO2011-27069]; China's National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou FX We thank David L. Duewer and Jerod Parsons for review of the manuscript, Cecelie Boysen for discussion of results and all other members of the SEQC consortium who supported this work. P.P.L., N.S.-P. and D.P.K. acknowledge the support from the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC),the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF), Baxter AG, Austrian Research Centres (ARC) Seibersdorf and the Austrian Centre of Biopharmaceutical Technology (ACBT). J.D. was supported by grant BIO2011-27069 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). L.S. and Y.Yu acknowledge support from China's National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 AR 5125 DI 10.1038/ncomms6125 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ7WS UT WOS:000343030500001 PM 25254650 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Cox, KC Norcia, MA Weiner, JM Chen, Z Thompson, JK AF Bohnet, J. G. Cox, K. C. Norcia, M. A. Weiner, J. M. Chen, Z. Thompson, J. K. TI Reduced spin measurement back-action for a phase sensitivity ten times beyond the standard quantum limit SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS; ENTANGLEMENT; QUBITS; SYSTEMS; STATE; NOISE AB Fundamental quantum noise limits the precision of quantum-based detectors, for example limiting the ultimate precision of atomic clocks, which have applications in communication, navigation and tests of fundamental physics. Collective measurements of many quantum spins can project the ensemble into an entangled, spin-squeezed state with improved quantum-limited measurement resolution. However, measurement back-action has limited previous implementations of collective measurements to only modest observed enhancements in precision. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a collective measurement with reduced measurement back-action to produce and directly observe, with no background subtraction, a spin-squeezed state with phase resolution improved by a factor of 10.5(1.5) in variance, or 10.2(6) dB, compared to the initially unentangled ensemble of N=4.8x10(5) Rb-87 atoms. The measurement uses a cavity-enhanced probe of an optical cycling transition, mitigating back-action associated with state-changing transitions induced by the probe. This work establishes collective measurements as a powerful technique for generating useful entanglement for precision measurements. C1 [Thompson, J. K.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, JK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jkt@jila.colorado.edu OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout project (DARPA QuASAR); Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center (NSF PFC); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF GRF); National Defense Science and Engineering Fellowship (NDSEG); National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors acknowledge K. McAlpine's early contributions to building detectors and helpful discussions with A. M. Rey and K. W. Lehnert. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout project (DARPA QuASAR), the Army Research Office (ARO), the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center (NSF PFC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). J.G.B. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF GRF) and K.C.C. acknowledges support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Fellowship (NDSEG). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 1125844). NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.151 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AQ2FB UT WOS:000342600100017 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S Mangel, M Crivelli, AJ Munch, S Skaug, HJ AF Vincenzi, Simone Mangel, Marc Crivelli, Alain J. Munch, Stephan Skaug, Hans J. TI Determining Individual Variation in Growth and Its Implication for Life-History and Population Processes Using the Empirical Bayes Method SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-MARMORATUS; GRAYLING THYMALLUS-ARCTICUS; AD MODEL BUILDER; MARBLE TROUT; EVOLUTIONARY DEMOGRAPHY; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES; BROWN TROUT; FISH; CONSEQUENCES; PARAMETERS AB The differences in demographic and life-history processes between organisms living in the same population have important consequences for ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Modern statistical and computational methods allow the investigation of individual and shared (among homogeneous groups) determinants of the observed variation in growth. We use an Empirical Bayes approach to estimate individual and shared variation in somatic growth using a von Bertalanffy growth model with random effects. To illustrate the power and generality of the method, we consider two populations of marble trout Salmo marmoratus living in Slovenian streams, where individually tagged fish have been sampled for more than 15 years. We use year-of-birth cohort, population density during the first year of life, and individual random effects as potential predictors of the von Bertalanffy growth function's parameters k (rate of growth) and L-infinity (asymptotic size). Our results showed that size ranks were largely maintained throughout marble trout lifetime in both populations. According to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the best models showed different growth patterns for year-of-birth cohorts as well as the existence of substantial individual variation in growth trajectories after accounting for the cohort effect. For both populations, models including density during the first year of life showed that growth tended to decrease with increasing population density early in life. Model validation showed that predictions of individual growth trajectories using the random-effects model were more accurate than predictions based on mean size-at-age of fish. C1 [Vincenzi, Simone; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. [Crivelli, Alain J.] Stn Biol Tour Valat, Arles, France. [Munch, Stephan] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com FU IOF Marie Curie Fellowship; Center for Stock Assessment Research; NSF [EF-0924195]; University of California, Santa Cruz, Open Access Fund FX SV is supported by an IOF Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF for the project "RAPIDEVO" on rapid evolutionary responses to climate change in natural populations and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research. MM was supported by NSF grant EF-0924195. Funding for Open Access provided by the University of California, Santa Cruz, Open Access Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 107 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 10 IS 9 AR e1003828 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003828 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA AQ7PO UT WOS:000343011700028 PM 25211603 ER PT J AU Greer, AT Cowen, RK Guigand, CM Hare, JA Tang, D AF Greer, Adam T. Cowen, Robert K. Guigand, Cedric M. Hare, Jonathan A. Tang, Dorothy TI The role of internal waves in larval fish interactions with potential predators and prey SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID MASSACHUSETTS BAY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; AURELIA-AURITA; GEORGES BANK; THIN-LAYERS; PLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; SCALE; TURBULENCE AB Tidally driven internal wave packets in coastal environments have the potential to influence patchiness of larval fishes, prey, and gelatinous predators. We used the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) to synoptically sample larval fishes, copepods, and planktonic predators (ctenophores, hydromedusae, chaetognaths, and polychaetes) across these predictable features in the summer near Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, USA. Full water column profiles and fixed depth transects (similar to 10 m depth) were used to quantify vertical and horizontal components of the fish and invertebrate distributions during stable and vertically mixed conditions associated with tidally generated internal waves. Larval fishes, consisting mostly of Urophycis spp., Merluccius bilinearis, and Labridae, were concentrated near the surface, with larger sizes generally occupying greater depths. During stable water column conditions, copepods formed a near surface thin layer several meters above the chlorophyll-a maximum that was absent when internal waves were propagating. In contrast, ctenophores and other predators were much more abundant at depth, but concentrations near 10 m increased immediately after the internal hydraulic jump mixed the water column. During the propagation of internal waves, the fine-scale abundance of larval fishes was more correlated with the abundance of gelatinous predators and less correlated with copepods compared to the stable conditions. Vertical oscillations caused by the internal hydraulic jump can disperse patches of zooplankton and force surface dwelling larval fishes into deeper water where probability of predator contact is increased, creating conditions potentially less favorable for larval fish growth and survival on short time scales. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Greer, Adam T.; Cowen, Robert K.; Guigand, Cedric M.; Tang, Dorothy] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Greer, AT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, 200 DW Brooks Dr,Boyd Grad Studies 701, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM atgreer@uga.edu NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 127 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.05.010 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ7SC UT WOS:000343018500003 ER PT J AU Purps, J Siegert, S Willuweit, S Nagy, M Alves, C Salazar, R Angustia, SMT Santos, LH Anslinger, K Bayer, B Ayub, Q Wei, W Xue, YL Tyler-Smith, C Bafalluy, MB Martinez-Jarreta, B Egyed, B Balitzki, B Tschumi, S Ballard, D Court, DS Barrantes, X Bassler, G Wiest, T Berger, B Niederstatter, H Parson, W Davis, C Budowle, B Burri, H Borer, U Koller, C Carvalho, EF Domingues, PM Chamoun, WT Coble, MD Hill, CR Corach, D Caputo, M D'Amato, ME Davison, S Decorte, R Larmuseau, MHD Ottoni, C Rickards, O Lu, D Jiang, CT Dobosz, T Jonkisz, A Frank, WE Furac, I Gehrig, C Castella, V Grskovic, B Haas, C Wobst, J Hadzic, G Drobnic, K Honda, K Hou, YP Zhou, D Li, Y Hu, SP Chen, SL Immel, UD Lessig, R Jakovski, Z Ilievska, T Klann, AE Garcia, CC de Knijff, P Kraaijenbrink, T Kondili, A Miniati, P Vouropoulou, M Kovacevic, L Marjanovic, D Lindner, I Mansour, I Al-Azem, M El Andari, A Marino, M Furfuro, S Locarno, L Martin, P Luque, GM Alonso, A Miranda, LS Moreira, H Mizuno, N Iwashima, Y Moura, RSM Nogueira, TLS Silva, R Nastainczyk-Wulf, M Edelmann, J Kohl, M Nie, SJ Wang, XP Cheng, BW Nunez, C de Pancorbo, MM Olofsson, JK Morling, N Onofri, V Tagliabracci, A Pamjav, H Volgyi, A Barany, G Pawlowski, R Maciejewska, A Pelotti, S Pepinski, W Abreu-Glowacka, M Phillips, C Cadenas, J Rey-Gonzalez, D Salas, A Brisighelli, F Capelli, C Toscanini, U Piccinini, A Piglionica, M Baldassarra, SL Ploski, R Konarzewska, M Jastrzebska, E Robino, C Sajantila, A Palo, JU Guevara, E Salvador, J De Ungria, MC Rodriguez, JJR Schmidt, U Schlauderer, N Saukko, P Schneider, PM Sirker, M Shin, KJ Oh, YN Skitsa, I Ampati, A Smith, TG de Calvit, LS Stenzl, V Capal, T Tillmar, A Nilsson, H Turrina, S De Leo, D Verzeletti, A Cortellini, V Wetton, JH Gwynne, GM Jobling, MA Whittle, MR Sumita, DR Wolanska-Nowak, P Yong, RYY Krawczak, M Nothnagel, M Roewer, L AF Purps, Josephine Siegert, Sabine Willuweit, Sascha Nagy, Marion Alves, Cintia Salazar, Renato Angustia, Sheila M. T. Santos, Lorna H. Anslinger, Katja Bayer, Birgit Ayub, Qasim Wei, Wei Xue, Yali Tyler-Smith, Chris Bafalluy, Miriam Baeta Martinez-Jarreta, Begona Egyed, Balazs Balitzki, Beate Tschumi, Sibylle Ballard, David Court, Denise Syndercombe Barrantes, Xinia Bassler, Gerhard Wiest, Tina Berger, Burkhard Niederstaetter, Harald Parson, Walther Davis, Carey Budowle, Bruce Burri, Helen Borer, Urs Koller, Christoph Carvalho, Elizeu F. Domingues, Patricia M. Chamoun, Wafaa Takash Coble, Michael D. Hill, Carolyn R. Corach, Daniel Caputo, Mariela D'Amato, Maria E. Davison, Sean Decorte, Ronny Larmuseau, Maarten H. D. Ottoni, Claudio Rickards, Olga Lu, Di Jiang, Chengtao Dobosz, Tadeusz Jonkisz, Anna Frank, William E. Furac, Ivana Gehrig, Christian Castella, Vincent Grskovic, Branka Haas, Cordula Wobst, Jana Hadzic, Gavrilo Drobnic, Katja Honda, Katsuya Hou, Yiping Zhou, Di Li, Yan Hu, Shengping Chen, Shenglan Immel, Uta-Dorothee Lessig, Rudiger Jakovski, Zlatko Ilievska, Tanja Klann, Anja E. Garcia, Cristina Cano de Knijff, Peter Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa Kondili, Aikaterini Miniati, Penelope Vouropoulou, Maria Kovacevic, Lejla Marjanovic, Damir Lindner, Iris Mansour, Issam Al-Azem, Mouayyad El Andari, Ansar Marino, Miguel Furfuro, Sandra Locarno, Laura Martin, Pablo Luque, Gracia M. Alonso, Antonio Miranda, Luis Souto Moreira, Helena Mizuno, Natsuko Iwashima, Yasuki Moura Neto, Rodrigo S. Nogueira, Tatiana L. S. Silva, Rosane Nastainczyk-Wulf, Marina Edelmann, Jeanett Kohl, Michael Nie, Shengjie Wang, Xianping Cheng, Baowen Nunez, Carolina Martinez de Pancorbo, Marian Olofsson, Jill K. Morling, Niels Onofri, Valerio Tagliabracci, Adriano Pamjav, Horolma Volgyi, Antonia Barany, Gusztav Pawlowski, Ryszard Maciejewska, Agnieszka Pelotti, Susi Pepinski, Witold Abreu-Glowacka, Monica Phillips, Christopher Cardenas, Jorge Rey-Gonzalez, Danel Salas, Antonio Brisighelli, Francesca Capelli, Cristian Toscanini, Ulises Piccinini, Andrea Piglionica, Marilidia Baldassarra, Stefania L. Ploski, Rafal Konarzewska, Magdalena Jastrzebska, Emila Robino, Carlo Sajantila, Antti Palo, Jukka U. Guevara, Evelyn Salvador, Jazelyn Corazon De Ungria, Maria Russell Rodriguez, Jae Joseph Schmidt, Ulrike Schlauderer, Nicola Saukko, Pekka Schneider, Peter M. Sirker, Miriam Shin, Kyoung-Jin Oh, Yu Na Skitsa, Iulia Ampati, Alexandra Smith, Tobi-Gail de Calvit, Lina Solis Stenzl, Vlastimil Capal, Thomas Tillmar, Andreas Nilsson, Helena Turrina, Stefania De Leo, Domenico Verzeletti, Andrea Cortellini, Venusia Wetton, Jon H. Gwynne, Gareth M. Jobling, Mark A. Whittle, Martin R. Sumita, Denilce R. Wolanska-Nowak, Paulina Yong, Rita Y. Y. Krawczak, Michael Nothnagel, Michael Roewer, Lutz TI A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Gene diversity; Discriminatory power; AMOVA; Population structure; Database ID ALLELE FREQUENCIES; AZFA REGION; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; DELETION; RECOMBINATION; MARKERS; EVENTS; SYSTEM AB In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed. A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus and haplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markers established for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatory power than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of population structure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRs included in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak but consistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers became apparent. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Purps, Josephine; Willuweit, Sascha; Nagy, Marion; Roewer, Lutz] Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Dept Forens Genet, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Siegert, Sabine; Nothnagel, Michael] Univ Cologne, Cologne Ctr Gen, Dept Stat Genet & Bioinformat, Cologne, Germany. [Alves, Cintia; Salazar, Renato; Angustia, Sheila M. T.; Santos, Lorna H.] Univ Porto IPATIMUP, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, Oporto, Portugal. [Salazar, Renato] Univ Porto, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Philippine Natl Police Crime Lab, Quezon City, Philippines. [Anslinger, Katja; Bayer, Birgit] Univ Munich, Inst Rechtsmed, Munich, Germany. [Ayub, Qasim; Wei, Wei; Xue, Yali; Tyler-Smith, Chris] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, England. [Bafalluy, Miriam Baeta; Martinez-Jarreta, Begona] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Forens Med, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Egyed, Balazs] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Genet, GenoID Forens DNA Lab, Budapest, Hungary. [Balitzki, Beate; Tschumi, Sibylle] Univ Basel, Inst Rechtsmed, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Ballard, David; Court, Denise Syndercombe] Univ London, Kings Coll London, Dept Forens & Analyt Sci, London SW3 6LX, England. [Barrantes, Xinia] Poder Judicial, Dept Forens Sci, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Bassler, Gerhard; Wiest, Tina] Landesanstalt Umweltschutz Baden Wurttemberg, Baden Wurttemberg, Germany. [Berger, Burkhard; Niederstaetter, Harald; Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Davis, Carey; Budowle, Bruce; Sajantila, Antti] Inst Appl Genet, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Budowle, Bruce] King Abdulaziz Univ, CEGMR, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Burri, Helen; Borer, Urs; Koller, Christoph] Kantonssp Aarau AG, Forens Genet, Aarau, Switzerland. [Carvalho, Elizeu F.; Domingues, Patricia M.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Lab Diagnost DNA, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Chamoun, Wafaa Takash] Human DNA Diagnost Lab, Beirut, Lebanon. [Coble, Michael D.; Hill, Carolyn R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corach, Daniel; Caputo, Mariela] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Farm & Bioquim, Serv Huellas Digit Genet & CONICET, Natl Sci & Tech Res Council, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [D'Amato, Maria E.; Davison, Sean] Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, Forens DNA Lab, Cape Town, South Africa. [Decorte, Ronny; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Ottoni, Claudio] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Imaging & Pathol, Lab Forens Genet & Mol Archaeol, Leuven, Belgium. [Rickards, Olga] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Ctr Mol Antropol Ancient DNA Studies, Dept Biol, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Lu, Di; Jiang, Chengtao] China Univ Polit Sci & Law, Inst Evidence Law & Forens Sci, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Judicial Civilizat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dobosz, Tadeusz; Jonkisz, Anna] Med Univ, Inst Forens Med, Wroclaw, Poland. [Frank, William E.] Illinois State Police, Res & Dev Lab, Springfield, IL USA. [Furac, Ivana] Univ Zagreb, Dept Forens Med & Criminol, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Gehrig, Christian; Castella, Vincent] Univ Ctr Legal Med, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Grskovic, Branka] Minist Interior, Forens Sci Ctr Ivan Vucet, Gen Police Directorate, Zagreb, Croatia. [Haas, Cordula; Wobst, Jana] Univ Zurich, Inst Rechtsmed, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hadzic, Gavrilo; Drobnic, Katja] Natl Forens Lab, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Honda, Katsuya] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Med, Dept Legal Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Hou, Yiping; Zhou, Di; Li, Yan] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Basic Sci & Forens Med, Inst Forens Med, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Hu, Shengping; Chen, Shenglan] Shantou Univ, Coll Med, Mol Biol & Forens Genet Lab, Shantou, Peoples R China. [Immel, Uta-Dorothee; Lessig, Rudiger] Univ Halle, Inst Rechtsmed, Halle, Germany. [Jakovski, Zlatko; Ilievska, Tanja] Univ St Cyril & Methudius, Fac Med, Inst Forens Med & Criminalist, Skopje 91000, Macedonia. [Klann, Anja E.; Garcia, Cristina Cano] Univ Med Greifswald, Inst Rechtsmed, Greifswald, Germany. [de Knijff, Peter; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Forens Lab DNA Res, Leiden, Netherlands. [Kondili, Aikaterini; Miniati, Penelope; Vouropoulou, Maria] FSD Hellen Police, Subdiv Biol & Biochem Examinat & Analyses, Athens, Greece. [Kovacevic, Lejla; Marjanovic, Damir] Inst Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. [Lindner, Iris] Univ Rostock, Inst Rechtsmed, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Mansour, Issam; Al-Azem, Mouayyad; El Andari, Ansar] Amer Univ Sci & Technol Beirut, Mol Biol Lab, Lebanon, Switzerland. [Mansour, Issam; Al-Azem, Mouayyad; El Andari, Ansar] Univ Lausanne, Sch Criminal Justice, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Marino, Miguel; Furfuro, Sandra; Locarno, Laura] Natl Univ Cuyo, FCM, Lab Analisis ADN, Mendoza, Argentina. [Martin, Pablo; Luque, Gracia M.; Alonso, Antonio] Inst Nacl Toxicol & Ciencias Forenses, Madrid, Spain. [Miranda, Luis Souto; Moreira, Helena] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Aveiro, Portugal. [Mizuno, Natsuko; Iwashima, Yasuki] Natl Res Inst Police Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Moura Neto, Rodrigo S.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Nogueira, Tatiana L. S.] Inst Biol Exercito, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Silva, Rosane] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Nastainczyk-Wulf, Marina; Edelmann, Jeanett; Kohl, Michael] Univ Leipzig, Inst Rechtsmed, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. [Nie, Shengjie] Kunming Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xianping] Xuanwei Publ Secur Bur, Dept Criminal Invest, Xuanwei, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Baowen] Yunnan Prov Publ Secur Bur, Dept Criminal Invest, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Nunez, Carolina; Martinez de Pancorbo, Marian] Univ Basque Country, BIOMICs Res Grp, Vitoria, Spain. [Olofsson, Jill K.; Morling, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Onofri, Valerio; Tagliabracci, Adriano] Univ Politecn Marche, Sect Legal Med, Ancona, Italy. [Pamjav, Horolma; Volgyi, Antonia; Barany, Gusztav] Minist Publ Adm & Justice, Network Forens Sci Inst, Inst Forens Med, DNA Lab, Budapest, Hungary. [Pawlowski, Ryszard; Maciejewska, Agnieszka] Med Univ Gdansk, Inst Forens Med, Forens Genet Lab, Gdansk, Poland. [Pelotti, Susi] Univ Bologna, Sch Med, Inst Legal Med, Dept Med & Surg Sci DIMEC, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Pepinski, Witold] Med Univ Bialystok, Dept Forens Med, Bialystok, Poland. [Abreu-Glowacka, Monica] Med Univ Poznan, Dept Forens Med, Poznan, Poland. [Phillips, Christopher; Cardenas, Jorge; Rey-Gonzalez, Danel; Salas, Antonio; Brisighelli, Francesca; Capelli, Cristian; Toscanini, Ulises] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Med, Grp Med Xen, Unidade Xenet Forense,Inst Ciencias Forenses, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Brisighelli, Francesca; Capelli, Cristian] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Lab, Rome, Italy. [Capelli, Cristian] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Toscanini, Ulises] PRICAI Fdn Favaloro, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piccinini, Andrea] Univ Milan, Dept Human Morphol & Biomed Sci, Forens Genet Lab, I-20122 Milan, Italy. [Piglionica, Marilidia; Baldassarra, Stefania L.] Univ Bari, Sect Legal Med, Interdisciplinary Dept Med, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Ploski, Rafal; Konarzewska, Magdalena] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Med Genet, Warsaw, Poland. [Jastrzebska, Emila] Med Univ Warsaw, Dept Forens Med, Warsaw, Poland. [Robino, Carlo] Univ Turin, Dept Publ Hlth Sci & Pediat, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Sajantila, Antti; Palo, Jukka U.; Guevara, Evelyn] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forens Med, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Salvador, Jazelyn; Corazon De Ungria, Maria; Russell Rodriguez, Jae Joseph] Univ Philippines Diliman, Nat Sci Res Inst, DNA Anal Lab, Quezon City, Philippines. [Russell Rodriguez, Jae Joseph] Univ Philippines Banos, Inst Biol Sci, Laguna, Philippines. [Schmidt, Ulrike; Schlauderer, Nicola] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Inst Rechtsmed, Freiburg, Germany. [Saukko, Pekka] Univ Turku, Dept Forens Med, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. [Schneider, Peter M.; Sirker, Miriam] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. [Shin, Kyoung-Jin; Oh, Yu Na] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Forens Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Ampati, Alexandra] DNA Anal Lab, Athens Dept Legal Med, Athens, Greece. [Smith, Tobi-Gail] Univ W Indies, Dept Basic Med Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [de Calvit, Lina Solis] Lab Genetix SA, Panama City, Panama. [Stenzl, Vlastimil; Capal, Thomas] Inst Criminalist, Lab Forens Genet, Prague, Czech Republic. [Tillmar, Andreas; Nilsson, Helena] Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden. [Turrina, Stefania; De Leo, Domenico] Univ Verona, Dipartimento Med & Sanita Pubbl, Sez Med Legale, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Verzeletti, Andrea; Cortellini, Venusia] Univ Brescia, Ist Med Legale, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. [Wetton, Jon H.; Gwynne, Gareth M.; Jobling, Mark A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Genet, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Whittle, Martin R.; Sumita, Denilce R.] Genom Engn Mol Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Wolanska-Nowak, Paulina] Inst Forens Res, Krakow, Poland. [Yong, Rita Y. Y.] DSO Natl Labs, Def Med & Environm Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore. [Krawczak, Michael] Univ Kiel, Inst Med Informat & Stat, Kiel, Germany. RP Roewer, L (reprint author), Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Dept Forens Genet, Augustenburger Pl 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM lutz.roewer@charite.de RI Piccinini, Andrea/L-6533-2016; ALVES, CINTIA/C-7208-2013; Moura-Neto, Rodrigo/F-6770-2012; Silva, Rosane/C-1427-2013; Rickards, Olga/L-7878-2015; Krawczak, Michael/A-8964-2010; Nunez, Carolina/L-6966-2014; Ballard, David/B-8392-2014; Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; Salas, Antonio/E-3977-2012; Verzeletti, Andrea/D-2446-2012; Baeta, Miriam/L-7938-2014 OI Ayub, Qasim/0000-0003-3291-0917; Turrina, Stefania/0000-0003-3402-1996; Robino, Carlo/0000-0003-1187-7732; Sirker, Miriam/0000-0003-2979-4257; Guevara, Evelyn/0000-0001-5174-1376; M. de Pancorbo, Marian/0000-0002-8081-0702; Ottoni, Claudio/0000-0001-8870-1589; Haas, Cordula/0000-0001-8122-1427; Yong, Rita/0000-0002-9770-6565; MARTINEZ DE PANCORBO, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES/0000-0002-7408-6068; Piccinini, Andrea/0000-0001-8017-7065; Salazar, Renato/0000-0001-8436-9304; Ploski, Rafal/0000-0001-6286-5526; De Leo, Domenico/0000-0001-7399-311X; Nunez, Carolina/0000-0001-5643-3970; ALVES, CINTIA/0000-0002-9492-5922; Tagliabracci, Adriano/0000-0002-4434-0475; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392; D'Amato, Maria Eugenia/0000-0003-0990-0219; Moura-Neto, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4292-6878; Silva, Rosane/0000-0002-2998-6999; Rickards, Olga/0000-0003-2880-7466; Krawczak, Michael/0000-0003-2603-1502; Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; Salas, Antonio/0000-0002-2336-702X; Verzeletti, Andrea/0000-0001-6085-3249; Baeta, Miriam/0000-0002-6869-1413 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [SAF2011-26983]; Plan Galego IDT, Xunta de Galicia [EM 2012/045]; FCT; FCT [Programa COMPETE, European Union] [PTDC/CS-ANT/108558/2008]; Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law; NRF; UWC; Ellen og Aage Andersen's Foundation; Foundations Pool Professorship (Paulo Foundation); Wellcome Trust [098051]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31100906, 81241136]; Leverhulme Trust [F/00 212/AM]; Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science [087576]; MINDEF, Singapore; Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD); Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines (UP-OVPAA); Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension, University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB-OVCRE); FWO Vlaanderen; CAPES; CNPq; University of Buenos Aires [20020100100744 UBACyT]; CONICET [PIP 112-200801-02836]; Promega Corporation; FEDER FX B.B., W.P., H.N. were supported by the Austrian Academy of Sciences and Alexandra Lindinger is greatly acknowledged for her technical assistance. A.S. was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (SAF2011-26983); Plan Galego IDT, Xunta de Galicia (EM 2012/045), C.A., R.S. working at IPATIMUP which is an Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education is partially supported by FCT, L.S.M. and H.M. were supported by FCT [PTDC/CS-ANT/108558/2008 Programa COMPETE, European Union Community Support Framework III, co-funding FEDER], D.L. and C.J. were supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China University of Political Science and Law, M.E.DA. and S.D. were supported by the NRF and UWC, J.K.O. was supported by the Ellen og Aage Andersen's Foundation, A.S. would like to thank the Foundations Pool Professorship (Paulo Foundation) for support, C.T.S., Y.X., W.W, Q.A. were supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 098051), S.N., X.W. B.C. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31100906 and 81241136), J.H.W. was supported by the Leverhulme Trust, as part of the Impact of Diasporas on the making of Britain program (F/00 212/AM), and M.A.J. by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (grant no. 087576), R.Y.Y.Y. was supported by MINDEF, Singapore, J.S., M.C.D.U and J.J.R.R were supported by the Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD), the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines (UP-OVPAA) under its Creative Writing Grant Program and the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension, University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB-OVCRE). The Benin sample collection has been carried out within a Collaborative Project between Italy (Gruppo Laici Terzo Mondo, Naples) and Benin (Direction de lAlimentation et de la Nutrition Appliquee, Porto Novo), managed by Prof. M. Cresta and sponsored by Istituto Italiano di Antropologia. M.H.D.L. is a postdoctoral fellow of FWO Vlaanderen. The analysis of the Flemish and Benin samples was made possible by a grant of FWO Vlaanderen. R.S.M.N. was supported by CAPES, R.S. was supported by CNPq. Samples from the Argentinean provinces of Buenos Aires and Formosa were analyzed as part of grants 20020100100744 UBACyT (University of Buenos Aires) and PIP 112-200801-02836 (CONICET) to DC. DC and MC are members of Carrera del Investigador Cientifico y Tecnologico-CONICET, Argentina. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The authors would like to acknowledge the Promega Corporation for providing financial support for several of the laboratories participating in this study. NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 12 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.008 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AP9WY UT WOS:000342433400002 PM 24854874 ER PT J AU Oostdik, K Lenz, K Nye, J Schelling, K Yet, D Bruski, S Strong, J Buchanan, C Sutton, J Linner, J Frazier, N Young, H Matthies, L Sage, A Hahn, J Wells, R Williams, N Price, M Koehler, J Staples, M Swango, KL Hill, C Oyerly, K Duke, W Katzilierakis, L Ensenberger, MG Bourdeau, JM Sprecher, CJ Krenke, B Storts, DR AF Oostdik, Kathryn Lenz, Kristy Nye, Jeffrey Schelling, Kristin Yet, Donald Bruski, Scott Strong, Joshua Buchanan, Clint Sutton, Joel Linner, Jessica Frazier, Nicole Young, Hays Matthies, Learden Sage, Amber Hahn, Jeff Wells, Regina Williams, Natasha Price, Monica Koehler, Jody Staples, Melisa Swango, Katie L. Hill, Carolyn Oyerly, Karen Duke, Wendy Katzilierakis, Lesley Ensenberger, Martin G. Bourdeau, Jeanne M. Sprecher, Cynthia J. Krenke, Benjamin Storts, Douglas R. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion System for analysis of casework and reference samples: A 24-locus multiplex for new database standards SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Short tandem repeat; Validation; PowerPlex(R) ID CODIS CORE LOCI; UNITED-STATES AB The original CODIS database based on 13 core STR loci has been overwhelmingly successful for matching suspects with evidence. Yet there remain situations that argue for inclusion of more loci and increased discrimination. The PowerPlex (R) Fusion System allows simultaneous amplification of the following loci: Amelogenin, D3S1358, D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, DYS391, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, FGA, and D22S1045. The comprehensive list of loci amplified by the system generates a profile compatible with databases based on either the expanded CODIS or European Standard Set (ESS) requirements. Developmental validation testing followed SWGDAM guidelines and demonstrated the quality and robustness of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion System across a number of variables. Consistent and high-quality results were compiled using data from 12 separate forensic and research laboratories. The results verify that the PowerPlex (R) Fusion System is a robust and reliable STR-typing multiplex suitable for human identification. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Oostdik, Kathryn; Lenz, Kristy; Ensenberger, Martin G.; Bourdeau, Jeanne M.; Sprecher, Cynthia J.; Krenke, Benjamin; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Nye, Jeffrey; Schelling, Kristin; Yet, Donald; Bruski, Scott; Strong, Joshua] Michigan State Police, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Buchanan, Clint; Sutton, Joel; Linner, Jessica; Frazier, Nicole] US Army Criminal Invest Lab, Forest Park, GA 30297 USA. [Young, Hays] Arkansas State Crime Lab, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Matthies, Learden; Sage, Amber] Los Angeles Cty Sheriffs Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Hahn, Jeff] Forens Lab Div, Kansas Bur Invest, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. [Wells, Regina] Kentucky State Police, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Williams, Natasha; Price, Monica] Washington State Patrol, Crime Lab Div, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. [Koehler, Jody] Crime Lab, Texas Dept Publ Safety, Austin, TX 78752 USA. [Staples, Melisa; Swango, Katie L.] New Hampshire State Police, Forens Lab, Concord, NH 03305 USA. [Hill, Carolyn] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oyerly, Karen; Duke, Wendy; Katzilierakis, Lesley] Oklahoma State Bur Invest, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. RP Oostdik, K (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM katie.oostdik@promega.com; kristy.lenz@promega.com; NyeJ1@michigan.gov; schellingk@michigan.gov; yetd@michigan.gov; bruskis@michigan.gov; strongj@michigan.gov; clint.d.buchanan.civ@mail.mil; joel.d.sutton2.civ@mail.mil; jessica.k.linner.civ@mail.mil; nicole.r.frazier.civ@mail.mil; hays.young@crimelab.arkansas.gov; LKMatthi@lasd.org; ARSage@lasd.org; jeff.hahn@kbi.state.ks.us; regina.wells@ky.gov; Natasha.williams@wsp.wa.gov; monica.price@wsp.wa.gov; jody.koehler@dps.texas.gov; melisa.staples@dos.nh.gov; katie.swango@dos.nh.gov; becky.hill@nist.gov; karen.oyerly@osbi.ok.gov; wendy.duke@osbi.ok.gov; Lesley.katzilierakis@osbi.ok.gov; martin.ensenberger@promega.com; jeanne.bourdeau@promega.com; benjamin.krenke@promega.com; cindy.sprecher@promega.com; doug.storts@promega.com NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 12 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.013 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AP9WY UT WOS:000342433400008 PM 24905335 ER PT J AU Kodama, M Brieuc, MSO Devlin, RH Hard, JJ Naish, KA AF Kodama, Miyako Brieuc, Marine S. O. Devlin, Robert H. Hard, Jeffrey J. Naish, Kerry A. TI Comparative Mapping Between Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Three Other Salmonids Suggests a Role for Chromosomal Rearrangements in the Retention of Duplicated Regions Following a Whole Genome Duplication Event SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chromsome rearrangements; comparative genome mapping; RAD sequencing; salmon; whole genome duplication ID TROUT O. MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; LINKAGE MAP; GENE DUPLICATION; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; ARCTIC CHARR; EVOLUTION; SALAR; REVEALS AB Whole genome duplication has been implicated in evolutionary innovation and rapid diversification. In salmonid fishes, however, whole genome duplication significantly pre-dates major transitions across the family, and re-diploidization has been a gradual process between genomes that have remained essentially collinear. Nevertheless, pairs of duplicated chromosome arms have diverged at different rates from each other, suggesting that the retention of duplicated regions through occasional pairing between homeologous chromosomes may have played an evolutionary role across species pairs. Extensive chromosomal arm rearrangements have been a key mechanism involved in re-dipliodization of the salmonid genome; therefore, we investigated their influence on degree of differentiation between homeologs across salmon species. We derived a linkage map for coho salmon and performed comparative mapping across syntenic arms within the genus Oncorhynchus, and with the genus Salmo, to determine the phylogenetic relationship between chromosome arrangements and the retention of undifferentiated duplicated regions. A 6596.7 cM female coho salmon map, comprising 30 linkage groups with 7415 and 1266 nonduplicated and duplicated loci, respectively, revealed uneven distribution of duplicated loci along and between chromosome arms. These duplicated regions were conserved across syntenic arms across Oncorhynchus species and were identified in metacentric chromosomes likely formed ancestrally to the divergence of Oncorhynchus from Salmo. These findings support previous studies in which observed pairings involved at least one metacentric chromosome. Re-diploidization in salmon may have been prevented or retarded by the formation of metacentric chromosomes after the whole genome duplication event and may explain lineage-specific innovations in salmon species if functional genes are found in these regions. C1 [Kodama, Miyako; Brieuc, Marine S. O.; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Devlin, Robert H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7K 1N6, Canada. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kodama, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM mkodama@uw.edu; knaish@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; Kodama, Miyako/0000-0002-4680-9724 FU NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Graduate Opportunities and Minority Achievement Program (GO-MAP, University of Washington) award FX We thank Isadora Jimenez-Hidalgo for assistance with genomic data processing. Dan Drinan provided thoughtful discussions and helpful suggestions. We also thank Linda Park and Jim Myers for help in setting up the initial crosses and David Rose for maintaining the lines. Finally, we are grateful to two anonymous referees and the Associate Editor for their very helpful comments regarding the first draft of the manuscript. Initial experimental lines were obtained from SweetSpring Salmon/Aquaseed Corporation, suppliers of the Domsea broodstock and we thank Per Heggelund, Greg Hudson and Patty Munsell for providing these lines. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds (to K.A.N. and J.J.H.), School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Graduate Opportunities and Minority Achievement Program (GO-MAP, University of Washington) award (to M. K.). The authors declare that they have no competing interests. NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 30 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1717 EP 1730 DI 10.1534/g3.114.012294 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA AQ1VE UT WOS:000342570600018 PM 25053705 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB Kim, JK Armbruster, LC Yarish, C AF Johnson, Ronald B. Kim, Jang K. Armbruster, Lisa C. Yarish, Charles TI Nitrogen allocation of Gracilaria tikvahiae grown in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound and New York City, USA: a preliminary evaluation of ocean farmed Gracilaria for alternative fish feeds SO ALGAE LA English DT Article DE alternative feeds; amino acids; Gracilaria; nitrogen; nutrient remediation; protein; red algae ID GREAT BAY ESTUARY; VERMICULOPHYLLA RHODOPHYTA; TAURINE SUPPLEMENTATION; MCLACHLAN GIGARTINALES; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; CHONDRUS-CRISPUS; DIETARY TAURINE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NILE TILAPIA; NOVA-SCOTIA AB The red seaweed, Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan, was cultivated in open water farms in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound (26-30 psu of salinity) and New York City (20-25 psu), USA in 2011. Plants were harvested monthly from summer (August, 24 degrees C) to fall (November, 13 degrees C) and analyzed for total nitrogen, protein, and amino acid content. On a dry matter (DM) basis, nitrogen and protein significantly increased over the harvest period until October and then plateaued. Nitrogen increased from 22 +/- 1 g kg(-1) DM in August to 39 +/- 3 g kg(-1) DM in October (p < 0.001). Protein increased from 107 +/- 13 g kg(-1) DM in August to 196 +/- 5 g kg(-1) DM in November (p < 0.001). With two exceptions, amino acid concentrations expressed on a crude protein (CP) basis were similar over the harvest period. Essential amino acids accounted for 48 +/- 1% of all amino acids present with lysine and methionine averaging 56 +/- 2 g kg(-1) CP and 18 +/- 1 g kg(-1) CP, respectively. Histidine was underrepresented among essential amino acids and averaged 13 +/- 1 g kg(-1) CP. Taurine ranged from 2.1 to 3.2 g kg(-1) DM. With its moderate levels of lysine, methionine and taurine, ocean farmed G. tikvahiae has the potential of overcoming many nutrient deficiencies currently associated with terrestrial plant ingredients in alternative feeds for fish and shrimp. C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Armbruster, Lisa C.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Kim, Jang K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Stamford, CT 06901 USA. [Yarish, Charles] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Stamford, CT 06901 USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM Ronald.B.Johnson@noaa.gov FU Connecticut Sea Grant College Program [RA/38]; EPA Long Island Sound Futures Fund from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Legacy Grant) [1401.10.024266] FX This study was supported by grants to C. Yarish from Connecticut Sea Grant College Program (Grant # RA/38) and EPA Long Island Sound Futures Fund grants from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Legacy Grant Project ID: 1401.10.024266). We thank Dr. Shannon Meseck (NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, Connecticut, USA) for the seawater analyses. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU KOREAN SOC PHYCOLOGY PI SEOUL PA B1F, TRUST TOWER, 275-7 YANGJAE-DONG, SEOCHO-KU, SEOUL, 137-739, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-2617 EI 2093-0860 J9 ALGAE-SEOUL JI Algae PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.4490/algae.2014.29.3.227 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ1FC UT WOS:000342526300006 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Piner, KR Hinton, MG Chang, YJ Kimoto, A Kanaiwa, M Su, NJ Walsh, W Sun, CL DiNardo, G AF Lee, Hui-Hua Piner, Kevin R. Hinton, Michael G. Chang, Yi-Jay Kimoto, Ai Kanaiwa, Minoru Su, Nan-Jay Walsh, William Sun, Chi-Lu DiNardo, Gerard TI Sex-structured population dynamics of blue marlin Makaira nigricans in the Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sexual dimorphism; Sex structure; Age structure; Selectivity; Pacific Ocean; Blue marlin ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; ISTIOPHORID BILLFISHES; FISHERIES; GROWTH; AGE AB The population dynamics of the blue marlin Makaira nigricans stock in the Pacific Ocean were estimated for 1971-2011 using a fully integrated length-based, age-, and sex-structured model. Fishery-specific catch, size composition, and catch-per-unit of effort were used in the modeling as likelihood components. Estimated dynamics were consistent with a stock that is fully exploited and stable over the last several years. No significant trends in recruitment were noted; however, female blue marlin were estimated to make up a majority of the catch, and historical exploitation has disproportionately changed the age structure of females relative to males. This result is due to differences in assumed life history and estimated selectivity. Changes to important life history parameters that are responsible for the productivity of the stock would potentially change the interpretation of current stock status. C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua; Chang, Yi-Jay; Walsh, William] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hinton, Michael G.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kimoto, Ai] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Kanaiwa, Minoru] Tokyo Univ Agr, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. [Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM huihua.lee@noaa.gov; kevin.piner@noaa.gov; mhinton@iattc.org; aikimoto@affrc.go.jp; m3kanaiw@bioindustry.nodai.ac.jp; chilu@ntu.edu.tw; gerard.dinardo@noaa.gov OI Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0919-9268 EI 1444-2906 J9 FISHERIES SCI JI Fish. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 80 IS 5 BP 869 EP 878 DI 10.1007/s12562-014-0762-6 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AP6XC UT WOS:000342220700001 ER PT J AU Ditty, JG AF Ditty, James G. TI STERNAL SPINES IN PENAEID POSTLARVAE (DECAPODA: PENAEIDAE): LIFE-PHASE-SPECIFIC AND SYSTEMATICALLY SIGNIFICANT? SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental plasticity; Parapenaeus; penaeid diversity; sternal plate shape; sternal spine patterns ID SHRIMP FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM; EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPEDITION; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GENUS PENAEUS; CRUSTACEA DECAPODA; RATHBUN DECAPODA; TAXONOMIC VALUE AB Our ability to identify and discriminate postlarvae of penaeids below family level remains poor due to phase brevity and a lack of taxonomic characters. Whether sternal spines are unique and taxonomically significant to postlarvae has not been resolved. I describe number and placement of spines in Parapenaeus sp. Smith, 1885, and a specimen tentatively identified as Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) from the Gulf of Mexico; review information for penaeids worldwide; and evaluate the significance of sternal spines as a life-phase specific taxonomic character and to penaeid systematics. To date, sternal spines have been described for 14 of 32 genera and 26 species. Most taxa share one of two common sternal formulas: either 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0, or 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 1. Only Metapenaeopsis Bouvier, 1905, and the tentative Xiphopenaeus kroyeri have a pair of spines on at least the first-two sternal plates, and only Metapenaeopsis and Litopenaeus Perez-Farfante, 1969, contain members with different sternal formulas. I suggest that differences among taxa in shape of the sternal plates may be an unrecognized taxonomic character. Sternal spines are not life-phase specific and do not reflect lower-level systematic relationships within Penaeidae regardless of generic nomenclature applied. The unusual length, shape, and reverse orientation of the spine on plate five in species of Parapenaeus, and presence of an elongate ventromedian spine on one or more pleomeres in Parapenaeus and Funchalia Johnson, 1868, supports molecular and morphological data that Penaeidae may be paraphyletic. While generally ineffective as a stand-alone taxonomic character, differences in number, placement, and orientation of sternal spines, i.e., the 'sternal pattern'; knowledge of geographic distributions; and, perhaps differences in sternal plate shape should be included in the suite of characters used to discriminate and identify penaeids during the postlarva phase. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Ditty, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jim.Ditty@NOAA.gov FU NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Thanks to Dr. Antonina dos Santos, Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal, for providing a postlarva of Melicertus kerathurus collected off Portugal, and to Carley Knight, University of Southern Mississippi and NOAA's Pascagoula Laboratory for myses and postlarvae of Parapenaeus sp. from the Gulf of Mexico. Thanks to Dr. Geoffrey Matthews (retired), formerly of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory, and to Shawn Hillen and Juan Salas of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory who participated in sample collection, and to NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding support Thanks also to Juan Salas for illustrating the sternal pattern for Litopenaeus setiferus, Fatfantepenaeus aztecus, Melicertus kerathurus, Parapenaeus sp. and tentative Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. Images were reproduced by kind permission of the publishers through Rightslink (R): CSIRO Publishing (Marine and Freshwater Research); Oxford University Press (Journal of Plankton Research); Springer (Hydrobiologia) with permission from Springer Science + Business Media; and courtesy of NOAA Fisheries (Fishery Bulletin). Views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA Fisheries. NR 120 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 618 EP 628 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002261 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP9IH UT WOS:000342393000010 ER PT J AU Martien, KK Chivers, SJ Baird, RW Archer, FI Gorgone, AM Hancock-Hanser, BL Mattila, D McSweeney, DJ Oleson, EM Palmer, C Pease, VL Robertson, KM Schorr, GS Schultz, MB Webster, DL Taylor, BL AF Martien, Karen K. Chivers, Susan J. Baird, Robin W. Archer, Frederick I. Gorgone, Antoinette M. Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L. Mattila, David McSweeney, Daniel J. Oleson, Erin M. Palmer, Carol Pease, Victoria L. Robertson, Kelly M. Schorr, Gregory S. Schultz, Mark B. Webster, Daniel L. Taylor, Barbara L. TI Nuclear and Mitochondrial Patterns of Population Structure in North Pacific False Killer Whales (Pseudorca crassidens) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE cetacean; island-associated; male-mediated gene flow; population structure; social structure ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STATISTICAL POWER; BIASED DISPERSAL AB False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are large delphinids typically found in deep water far offshore. However, in the Hawaiian Archipelago, there are 2 resident island-associated populations of false killer whales, one in the waters around the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and one in the waters around the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). We use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and genotypes from 16 nuclear DNA (nucDNA) microsatellite loci from 206 individuals to examine levels of differentiation among the 2 island-associated populations and offshore animals from the central and eastern North Pacific. Both mtDNA and nucDNA exhibit highly significant differentiation between populations, confirming limited gene flow in both sexes. The mtDNA haplotypes exhibit a strong pattern of phylogeographic concordance, with island-associated populations sharing 3 closely related haplotypes not found elsewhere in the Pacific. However, nucDNA data suggest that NWHI animals are at least as differentiated from MHI animals as they are from offshore animals. The patterns of differentiation revealed by the 2 marker types suggest that the island-associated false killer whale populations likely share a common colonization history, but have limited contemporary gene flow. C1 [Martien, Karen K.; Chivers, Susan J.; Archer, Frederick I.; Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L.; Pease, Victoria L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanct, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Palmer, Carol] Dept Land Resource Management, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. [Palmer, Carol] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. [Schultz, Mark B.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Med & Dent Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mol Sci & Biotechnol Inst Bio21, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Martien, KK (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Karen.Martien@noaa.gov OI Schultz, Mark/0000-0002-7689-6531 FU Wild Whale Research Foundation; U.S. Navy from the Office of Naval Research [N000141010686]; U.S. Navy from the Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-10-1-0048]; National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Resources); National Marine Fisheries Service (Pacific Island Regional Office); National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center's Marine Mammal and Turtle Division); National Marine Fisheries Service (Pacific Islands Science Center Protected Species Division) FX National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Resources, Pacific Island Regional Office, Southwest Fisheries Science Center's Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Pacific Islands Science Center Protected Species Division); the Wild Whale Research Foundation; and the U.S. Navy (grant numbers N000141010686 from the Office of Naval Research and N00244-10-1-0048 from the Naval Postgraduate School). NR 100 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 105 IS 5 BP 611 EP 626 DI 10.1093/jhered/esu029 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AP6XS UT WOS:000342222500003 PM 24831238 ER PT J AU Beck, S Foote, AD Kotter, S Harries, O Mandleberg, L Stevick, PT Whooley, P Durban, JW AF Beck, Suzanne Foote, Andrew D. Koetter, Sandra Harries, Olivia Mandleberg, Laura Stevick, Peter T. Whooley, Padraig Durban, John W. TI Using opportunistic photo-identifications to detect a population decline of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British and Irish waters SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE killer whale; Orcinus orca; mark-recapture; population decline; citizen science ID MARK-RECAPTURE; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; PREDATOR; ALASKA AB An assemblage of killer whales that has been sighted in waters off the west coast of the British Isles and Ireland has previously been shown to be isolated from other North Atlantic killer whale communities based on association patterns. By applying a Bayesian formulation of the Jolly-Seber mark-recapture model to the photo-identification data compiled from opportunistic photographic encounters with this population of killer whales, we show that such sparse and opportunistically-collected data can still be valuable in estimating population dynamics of small, wide-ranging groups. Good quality photo-identification data was collected from 32 encounters over 19 years. Despite a cumulative total of 77 identifications from these encounters, just ten individuals were identified and the remaining 67 identifications were re-sights of these ten animals. There was no detected recruitment through births during the study and, as a result, the population appears to be in a slight decline. The demography of the population was highly skewed towards older individuals and had an unusually high ratio of adult males, and we suggest that demographic stochasticity due to a small population size may be further impacting the population growth rate. We recommend that this population be managed as a separate conservation unit from neighbouring killer whale populations. C1 [Beck, Suzanne] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Marine Biodivers Res Grp, Galway, Ireland. [Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Koetter, Sandra; Harries, Olivia; Mandleberg, Laura; Stevick, Peter T.] Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, Tobermory PA75 6NU, Isle Of Mull, England. [Whooley, Padraig] Irish Whale & Dolphin Grp, Clonakilty, Cork, Ireland. [Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Harries, O (reprint author), Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, 28 Main St, Tobermory PA75 6NU, Isle Of Mull, England. EM biodiversityofficer@hwdt.org OI Beck, Suzanne/0000-0002-6884-802X FU Marine Scotland; Scottish Natural Heritage FX Funding for this research was provided by Marine Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 36 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1017/S0025315413001124 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP6VQ UT WOS:000342216600030 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, Cedric J. Werner, Wolfgang S. M. Smekal, Werner TI Sample-morphology effects on x-ray photoelectron peak intensities. II. Estimation of detection limits for thin-film materials SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; XPS; QUANTIFICATION AB The authors show that the National Institute of Standards and Technology database for the simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA) can be used to determine detection limits for thin-film materials such as a thin film on a substrate or buried at varying depths in another material for common x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conditions. Illustrative simulations were made for a W film on or in a Ru matrix and for a Ru film on or in a W matrix. In the former case, the thickness of a W film at a given depth in the Ru matrix was varied so that the intensity of the W 4d(5/2) peak was essentially the same as that for a homogeneous RuW0.001 alloy. Similarly, the thickness of a Ru film at a selected depth in the W matrix was varied so that the intensity of the Ru 3p(3/2) peak matched that from a homogeneous WRu0.01 alloy. These film thicknesses correspond to the detection limits of each minor component for measurement conditions where the detection limits for a homogeneous sample varied between 0.1 at.% (for the RuW0.001 alloy) and 1 at.% (for the WRu0.01 alloy). SESSA can be similarly used to convert estimates of XPS detection limits for a minor species in a homogeneous solid to the corresponding XPS detection limits for that species as a thin film on or buried in the chosen solid. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werner, Wolfgang S. M.; Smekal, Werner] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP PY 2014 VL 32 IS 5 AR 050603 DI 10.1116/1.4891628 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AP6SR UT WOS:000342208400003 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Ryan, JC Van Dolah, FM Kucklick, JR Rowles, TK Wells, RS Rosel, PE Hohn, AA Schwacke, LH AF Mancia, Annalaura Ryan, James C. Van Dolah, Frances M. Kucklick, John R. Rowles, Teresa K. Wells, Randall S. Rosel, Patricia E. Hohn, Aleta A. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Machine learning approaches to investigate the impact of PCBs on the transcriptome of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Machine learning; Transcriptome; Bottlenose dolphin; Ecogenomics; Environmental contaminant exposure; Biotoxin exposure ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRIPED DOLPHINS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; DNA-REPAIR; BLOOD; ORGANOCHLORINE; MICROARRAY; COAST; SEA AB As top-level predators, common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are particularly sensitive to chemical and biological contaminants that accumulate and biomagnify in the marine food chain. This work investigates the potential use of microarray technology and gene expression profile analysis to screen common bottlenose dolphins for exposure to environmental contaminants through the immunological and/or endocrine perturbations associated with these agents. A dolphin microarray representing 24,418 unigene sequences was used to analyze blood samples collected from 47 dolphins during capture-release health assessments from five different US coastal locations (Beaufort, NC, Sarasota Bay, FL, Saint Joseph Bay, FL, Sapelo Island, GA and Brunswick, GA). Organohalogen contaminants including pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners were determined in blubber biopsy samples from the same animals. A subset of samples (n = 10, males; n = 8, females) with the highest and the lowest measured values of PCBs in their blubber was used as strata to determine the differential gene expression of the exposure extremes through machine learning classification algorithms. A set of genes associated primarily with nuclear and DNA stability, cell division and apoptosis regulation, intra- and extra-cellular traffic, and immune response activation was selected by the algorithm for identifying the two exposure extremes. In order to test the hypothesis that these gene expression patterns reflect PCB exposure, we next investigated the blood transcriptomes of the remaining dolphin samples using machine-learning approaches, including K-nn and Support Vector Machines classifiers. Using the derived gene sets, the algorithms worked very well (100% success rate) at classifying dolphins according to the contaminant load accumulated in their blubber. These results suggest that gene expression profile analysis may provide a valuable means to screen for indicators of chemical exposure. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mancia, Annalaura] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy. [Mancia, Annalaura] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ryan, James C.; Van Dolah, Frances M.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kucklick, John R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Species, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Mancia, A (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy. EM annalaura.mancia@unife.it RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062; Mancia, Annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530; Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 100 SI SI BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.03.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AP7GF UT WOS:000342245100009 PM 24695049 ER PT J AU Dixson, R Ng, BP Orji, N AF Dixson, Ronald Ng, Boon Ping Orji, Ndubuisi TI Effects of lateral tip control in CD-AFM width metrology SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference of the Asian-Society-for-Precision-Engineering-and-Nanotechnology (ASPEN) CY 2013 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN SP Asian Soc Precis Engn & Nanotechnol HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE CD-AFM; CD metrology; linewidth; dither; FDTA; tip width; tip calibration; traceability ID DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY AB Critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) use flared tips and two-dimensional sensing and position control of the tip-sample interaction to enable scanning of features with near-vertical or reentrant sidewalls. Sidewall sensing usually involves lateral dither of the tip, which was the case in the first two generations of CD-AFM. Current, third-generation instruments also have a fast dither tube actuation (FDTA) mode where a control algorithm and fast response piezo actuator are used to position the tip in a manner that resembles touch-triggering of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). All methods of tip position control, however, induce an effective tip width that may deviate from the actual geometrical tip width. When lateral dithering is involved, this effect is readily understood as the addition of a dither envelope to the geometrical tip width. The effective tip width is a key correction parameter for accurate feature width measurements and is typically estimated using a tip calibration procedure. However, the possibility exists of small errors in the estimated tip width due to variations and dependencies of the effective width on tip, tool, material, and environmental parameters. We are investigating this possibility through a systematic study of the dependence of the apparent width on measurement mode, dither amplitude, tip type, and sample composition. While we believe that there are potential effects that should be considered carefully, we also conclude, particularly for silicon features, that most potential biases can be removed by performing the calibration and measurement exercises under the same conditions. C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ng, Boon Ping] Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, Singapore 638075, Singapore. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.dixson@nist.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 25 IS 9 AR 094003 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/9/094003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP8VK UT WOS:000342357200004 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Tan, G Yan, Y Tang, X AF Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. Tan, G. Yan, Y. Tang, X. TI X-ray powder reference patterns of the Fe(Sb2+xTe1-x) skutterudites for thermoelectric applications SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric materials; Fe(Sb2+xTe1-x) skutterudites; X-ray powder reference patterns; crystal structure ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERNARY SKUTTERUDITE; PERFORMANCE; REFINEMENT; ELEMENTS AB The crystal structure and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for three skutterudite samples, Fe (Sb2+xTe1-x), x= 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, have been determined. These compounds crystallize in the cubic space group Im (3) over bar. Te was found to randomly substitute in the Sb site. Because of the fact the covalent radius of Sb is greater than that of Te, a trend of increasing lattice parameter has been observed as the x value in Fe(Sb2+xTe1-x) increases [cell parameters range from 9.10432(4) to 9.11120(3) angstrom for x = 0.0 to 0.2, respectively]. The Fe-Sb/Te bond distance also increases progressively [from 2.5358(4) to 2.5388(4) angstrom] as the Te content decreases. While average Sb/Te-Sb/Te distances in the four-membered rings are similar in these three compounds, the average Sb/Te-Sb/Te edge distances in the octahedral framework increase progressively from 3.5845(12) to 3.5900(13) angstrom. Reference XRD patterns of these three phases have been prepared to be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). (C) 2014 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Sci Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Tan, G.; Yan, Y.; Tang, X.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Tan, Gangjian/M-3509-2014 OI Tan, Gangjian/0000-0002-9087-4048 FU International Centre for Diffraction Data; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB632502]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51172174, 51002112]; International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China [2011DFB60150]; 111 Project [B07040] FX This work was partially supported by the International Centre for Diffraction Data (Grants-in-aid project), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB632502), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51172174 and 51002112), and International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2011DFB60150) along with 111 Project (Grant No. B07040). NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1017/S0885715614000347 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA AP8LM UT WOS:000342330500007 ER PT J AU Shuman, CA Hall, DK DiGirolamo, NE Mefford, TK Schnaubelt, MJ AF Shuman, Christopher A. Hall, Dorothy K. DiGirolamo, Nicolo E. Mefford, Thomas K. Schnaubelt, Michael J. TI Comparison of Near-Surface Air Temperatures and MODIS Ice-Surface Temperatures at Summit, Greenland (2008-13) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; CLOUD DETECTION; ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; ARCTIC SURFACE; ABLATION ZONE; PART II; SHEET; MELT; SATELLITE; CLIMATE AB The stability of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) product from Terra was investigated for use as a climate-quality data record. The availability of climate-quality air temperature data T-A from a NOAA observatory at Greenland's Summit Station has enabled this high-temporal-resolution study of MODIS ISTs. During a > 5-yr period (July 2008-August 2013), more than 2500 IST values were compared with +/- 3-min-average T-A values from NOAA's primary 2-m temperature sensor. This enabled an expected small offset between air and ice-sheet surface temperatures (T-A > IST) to be investigated over multiple annual cycles. The principal findings of this study show 1) that IST values are slightly colder than the T-A values near freezing but that this offset increases as temperature decreases and 2) that there is a pattern in IST-T-A differences as the solar zenith angle (SoZA) varies annually. This latter result largely explains the progressive offset from the in situ data at colder temperatures but also indicates that the MODIS cloud mask is less accurate approaching and during the polar night. The consistency of the results over each year in this study indicates that MODIS provides a platform for remotely deriving surface temperature data, with the resulting IST data being most compatible with in situ T-A data when the sky is clear and the SoZA is less than similar to 85 degrees. The ongoing development of the IST dataset should benefit from improved cloud filtering as well as algorithm modifications to account for the progressive offset from T-A at colder temperatures. C1 [Shuman, Christopher A.; Schnaubelt, Michael J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shuman, Christopher A.; DiGirolamo, Nicolo E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DiGirolamo, Nicolo E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mefford, Thomas K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mefford, Thomas K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shuman, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christopher.a.shuman@nasa.gov FU NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program FX The authors thank the support staff at the Greenland Summit Station for helping to provide the in situ data necessary for this study. The TA data were derived from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division datasets. NASA's Cryospheric Sciences Program provided funding for the MODIS IST dataset as well as the work performed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and at University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Jack Xiong and Brian Wenny of the MODIS Characterization and Support Team at GSFC and George Riggs (Science Systems and Applications, Inc., at GSFC), provided additional insights on the IST data and MODIS products. We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and guidance that improved the final paper. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 53 IS 9 BP 2171 EP 2180 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0023.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3ZY UT WOS:000342017800006 ER PT J AU Rotstayn, LD Plymin, EL Collier, MA Boucher, O Dufresne, JL Luo, JJ von Salzen, K Jeffrey, SJ Foujols, MA Ming, Y Horowitz, LW AF Rotstayn, Leon D. Plymin, Emily L. Collier, Mark A. Boucher, Olivier Dufresne, Jean-Louis Luo, Jing-Jia von Salzen, Knut Jeffrey, Stephen J. Foujols, Marie-Alice Ming, Yi Horowitz, Larry W. TI Declining Aerosols in CMIP5 Projections: Effects on Atmospheric Temperature Structure and Midlatitude Jets SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS; CLIMATE-CHANGE PROJECTIONS; CIRCULATION RESPONSE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSE; TROPICAL EXPANSION; BLACK CARBON; STORM TRACK; PART I AB The effects of declining anthropogenic aerosols in representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) are assessed in four models from phase 5 the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a focus on annual, zonal-mean atmospheric temperature structure and zonal winds. For each model, the effect of declining aerosols is diagnosed from the difference between a projection forced by RCP4.5 for 2006-2100 and another that has identical forcing, except that anthropogenic aerosols are fixed at early twenty-first-century levels. The response to declining aerosols is interpreted in terms of the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing, which peaks near 40 degrees N and vanishes at the South Pole. Increasing greenhouse gases cause amplified warming in the tropical upper troposphere and strengthening midlatitude jets in both hemispheres. However, for declining aerosols the vertically averaged tropospheric temperature response peaks near 40 degrees N, rather than in the tropics. This implies that for declining aerosols the tropospheric meridional temperature gradient generally increases in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), but in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) it decreases in the tropics and subtropics. Consistent with thermal wind balance, the NH jet then strengthens on its poleward side and weakens on its equatorward side, whereas the SH jet strengthens more than the NH jet. The asymmetric response of the jets is thus consistent with the meridional structure of aerosol radiative forcing and the associated tropospheric warming: in the NH the latitude of maximum warming is roughly collocated with the jet, whereas in the SH warming is strongest in the tropics and weakest at high latitudes. C1 [Rotstayn, Leon D.; Plymin, Emily L.; Collier, Mark A.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Boucher, Olivier; Dufresne, Jean-Louis] UPMC, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Luo, Jing-Jia] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [von Salzen, Knut] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Jeffrey, Stephen J.] Dept Sci Informat Technol Innovat & Arts, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Foujols, Marie-Alice] UPMC, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Ming, Yi; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Rotstayn, LD (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM leon.rotstayn@csiro.au RI Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015 OI Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600 FU Australian Government Department of the Environment; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme FX This research is supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology, and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. The contribution by the IPSL-CM5A-LR model was possible thanks to the high performance computing resources of CCRT and IDRIS made available by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif), CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) and CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). We appreciate helpful comments on the manuscript by J. Katzfey at CSIRO and R. Mahmood, M. Sigmond, and S. Kharin at Environment Canada. Knut von Salzen thanks staff at CCCma for carrying out simulations and processing data. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling and the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. We thank Robert Allen and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved the presentation of the paper. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 18 BP 6960 EP 6977 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00258.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3NC UT WOS:000341981800007 ER PT J AU Bueti, MR Ginis, I Rothstein, LM Griffies, SM AF Bueti, Michael R. Ginis, Isaac Rothstein, Lewis M. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Tropical Cyclone-Induced Thermocline Warming and Its Regional and Global Impacts SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; DATA ASSIMILATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HURRICANE; MODEL; LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE AB Strong surface winds of a hurricane locally cool the surface and warm the subsurface waters via turbulent mixing processes. While the surface cool anomalies generally decay in roughly a month, the warm subsurface anomalies can persist over a seasonal cycle. The authors examine questions related to the magnitude and cumulative footprint of subsurface warm anomalies forced by tropical cyclones during the combined global tropical cyclone seasons, making use of a global ocean model forced by tropical cyclones. Simulations of the 2004/05 tropical cyclone season are conducted with and without tropical cyclone wind forcing, blended with the daily Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs) atmospheric state. Physical characteristics of cyclone-forced surface and subsurface anomalies are elucidated. In particular, the spatial extent and magnitude of tropical cyclone-forced subsurface warm anomalies over the course of an entire season are examined. This analysis permits the estimation of the contribution of cyclone-induced anomalies to the ocean heat content and sea surface temperature, aiding in understanding anomalous meridional heat transport. Globally, there is a maximum accumulated heat uptake 4.1 x 10(21) J, with the greatest regional contributions in the North Atlantic (1.7 x 10(21) J), west Pacific (1.5 x 10(21) J), and east Pacific (1.7 x 10(21) J). An export of heat from the subtropics to the tropics via rapid advective pathways is found, most notably in the west Pacific. These warm anomalies tend to remain in the equatorial band, with potential implications for the tropical climate system. C1 [Bueti, Michael R.; Ginis, Isaac; Rothstein, Lewis M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Bueti, MR (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mbueti@my.uri.edu FU WeatherPredict Consulting Inc. FX We thank WeatherPredict Consulting Inc. for providing financial support. We are also grateful to GFDL and Oak Ridge National Laboratory for providing us with the needed computational resources and technical assistance. We thank Whit Anderson and Zhi Liang at GFDL for their help throughout this project with the simulations and to Mike Winton for his support. We also thank Jae-Hun Park for helpful discussion, and Richard Yablonsky and Biju Thomas for development support. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 18 BP 6978 EP 6999 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00152.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3NC UT WOS:000341981800008 ER PT J AU Gao, ZT Hu, ZZ Zhu, JS Yang, S Zhang, RH Xiao, ZN Jha, B AF Gao, Zongting Hu, Zeng-Zhen Zhu, Jieshun Yang, Song Zhang, Rong-Hua Xiao, Ziniu Jha, Bhaskar TI Variability of Summer Rainfall in Northeast China and Its Connection with Spring Rainfall Variability in the Huang-Huai Region and Indian Ocean SST SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN PACIFIC; DECADAL SHIFT; EAST-ASIA; VERSION 2; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; TELECONNECTION; CIRCULATION; PATTERNS AB In this work, the variability of summer [June-August (JJA)] rainfall in northeast China is examined and its predictors are identified based on observational analyses and atmospheric modeling experiments. At interannual time scales, the summer rainfall anomaly in northeast China is significantly correlated with the rainfall anomaly over the Huang-Huai region (32 degrees-38 degrees N, 105 degrees-120 degrees E) in late spring (April-May). Compared with climatology, an earlier (later) rainy season in the Huang-Huai region favors a wet (dry) summer in northeast China. Also, this connection has strengthened since the late 1970s. In addition to the impact of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Indian Ocean, the local soil moisture anomalies caused by the rainfall anomaly in the Huang-Huai region in late spring generate summer general circulation anomalies, which contribute to the rainfall anomaly in northeast China. As a result, when compared with the SSTA, the rainfall anomaly in the Huang-Huai region in late spring can be used as another and even better predictor for the summer rainfall anomaly in northeast China. The results from atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by observed SST confirm the diagnostic results to some extent, including the connection of the rainfall anomaly between the Huang-Huai region in April-May and northeastern China in JJA as well as the influence from SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean. It is shown that eliminating the internal dynamical processes by using the ensemble mean intensifies the connection, implying that the connection of rainfall variation in the two different seasons/regions may be partially caused by the external forcing (e. g., SSTA in the tropical Indian Ocean). C1 [Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zongting] Lab Res Middle High Latitude Circulat & East Asia, Changchun, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Jha, Bhaskar] NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rong-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rong-Hua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xiao, Ziniu] WMO Reg Training Ctr, China Meteorol Adm Training Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jha, Bhaskar] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA, NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955303, 2014CB953904]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201106015]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275096, 41175083, 41175051] FX This work was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2012CB955303, 2014CB953904), the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant GYHY201106015), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41275096, 41175083, and 41175051). While conducting this work, Dr. Peitao Peng gave us some constructive suggestions. We appreciate the constructive comments and valuable suggestions from three reviewers, which are very helpful in improving the manuscript significantly. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 18 BP 7086 EP 7101 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00217.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3NC UT WOS:000341981800014 ER PT J AU Farneti, R Dwivedi, S Kucharski, F Molteni, F Griffies, SM AF Farneti, Riccardo Dwivedi, Suneet Kucharski, Fred Molteni, Franco Griffies, Stephen M. TI On Pacific Subtropical Cell Variability over the Second Half of the Twentieth Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; DECADAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL OCEAN; WARMING HIATUS; EL-NINO; SIMULATIONS; ICE; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION AB The evolution of the Pacific subtropical cells (STC) is presented for the period 1948-2007. Using oceanmodels of different resolutions forced with interannually varying atmospheric forcing datasets, the mechanisms responsible for the observed STC weakening and late recovery during the period of study are analyzed. As a result of the STC weakening (strengthening), warming (cooling) trends are found in the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Model results agree well with observed estimates of STC transport, STC convergence, and equatorial SST anomalies. It is shown that subtropical atmospheric variability is the primary driver of the STC and equatorial SST low-frequency evolution and is responsible for both the slowdown during the second half of the twentieth century and the rebound at the end of the century. Subtropically forced STC variability is identified as a major player in the generation of equatorial Pacific decadal SST anomalies, pacing tropical Pacific natural climate variability on interdecadal time scales, as observed in historical records. The natural mode of variability has implications for the evolution of equatorial SST in the coming decades under the concomitant effects of climate change. C1 [Farneti, Riccardo; Kucharski, Fred] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. [Dwivedi, Suneet] Univ Allahabad, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Kucharski, Fred] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Molteni, Franco] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Farneti, R (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Str Costiera 11, Trieste, Italy. EM rfarneti@ictp.it RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011 FU ISRO/MoES/DST FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful criticism, comments, and suggestions on the manuscript. SD thanks the Abdus Salam ICTP for providing facilities during his visits to the Centre as a junior associate. Thanks are also due to ISRO/MoES/DST for providing funds in the form of research projects. Thanks to Dr. Zhang and Dr. McPhaden for providing the observational data shown in Figs. 2 and 4. The CORE-II datasets are collaboratively supported by the National Center for Atmospheric research (NCAR) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory under the umbrella of the CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD). All CORE datasets, support codes, and documentation are freely available at: http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 18 BP 7102 EP 7112 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00707.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3NC UT WOS:000341981800015 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liu, Z Zhang, S Jacob, R Lu, F Rong, X Wu, S AF Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Jacob, R. Lu, F. Rong, X. Wu, S. TI Ensemble-Based Parameter Estimation in a Coupled General Circulation Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; CLIMATE ESTIMATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PART I; VARIABILITY; STATE; HOLOCENE AB Parameter estimation provides a potentially powerful approach to reduce model bias for complex climate models. Here, in a twin experiment framework, the authors perform the first parameter estimation in a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model using an ensemble coupled data assimilation system facilitated with parameter estimation. The authors first perform single-parameter estimation and then multiple-parameter estimation. In the case of the single-parameter estimation, the error of the parameter [solar penetration depth (SPD)] is reduced by over 90% after similar to 40 years of assimilation of the conventional observations of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS). The results of multiple-parameter estimation are less reliable than those of single-parameter estimation when only the monthly SST and SSS are assimilated. Assimilating additional observations of atmospheric data of temperature and wind improves the reliability of multiple-parameter estimation. The errors of the parameters are reduced by 90% in; 8 years of assimilation. Finally, the improved parameters also improve the model climatology. With the optimized parameters, the bias of the climatology of SST is reduced by similar to 90%. Overall, this study suggests the feasibility of ensemble-based parameter estimation in a fully coupled general circulation model. C1 [Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Lu, F.; Wu, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Lu, F.; Wu, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Z.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, S.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jacob, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rong, X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM liu6@wisc.edu OI Lu, Feiyu/0000-0001-6532-0740 FU NSF; Chinese MOST [2012CB955200] FX We gratefully appreciate Ms. M. Kirchmeier for her help in editing the manuscript. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on "Fusion," a 320-node computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. This research is sponsored by the NSF and Chinese MOST 2012CB955200. This paper is CCR Contribution 1182. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 18 BP 7151 EP 7162 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00406.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3NC UT WOS:000341981800018 ER PT J AU Clites, AH Smith, JP Hunter, TS Gronewold, AD AF Clites, Anne H. Smith, Joeseph P. Hunter, Timothy S. Gronewold, Andrew D. TI Visualizing relationships between hydrology, climate, and water level fluctuations on Earth's largest system of lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data visualization; Water levels; Great Lakes; Climate change; Hydroclimate; Net basin supply ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ICE COVER; EL-NINO; EVAPORATION; SUPERIOR; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; CYCLES; WINTER; MODEL AB Understanding drivers behind monthly, annual, and decadal water level fluctuations on the North American Great Lakes is a high priority for regional research and water resource management planning. The need for improved understanding of these relationships is underscored by a series of recent unprecedented extreme water level patterns, including (but not limited to) record low water levels on Lakes Michigan and Huron in December 2012 and January 2013. To address this need, we developed the Great Lakes Hydro-Climate Dashboard (GLHCD), a dynamic flash-based web interface that builds upon the previously-released Great Lakes Water Level Dashboard (GLWLD). In addition to including water level data and projections from the GLWLD, the GLHCD presents a range of hydrological and climatological data through an improved graphical user interface specifically designed to manage, and display simultaneously, a variety of data time series from different sources. By serving as a common portal to critical regional hydro-climate and water level data, the GLHCD helps visualize and explain lake level phenomena including water level declines across all of the Great Lakes in the early 1960s and their relationship to changes in regional precipitation, as well as the abrupt water level declines in the late 1990s and their relationship to remarkable changes in over-lake evaporation. By providing insight into these, and other important regional hydro-climate events, the GLHCD helps practitioners, researchers, and the general public improve their understanding of the drivers behind Great Lakes water levels, and to employ that understanding in prudent water resource management planning. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Clites, Anne H.; Smith, Joeseph P.; Hunter, Timothy S.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Smith, Joeseph P.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Clites, Anne/0000-0002-2385-3802; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW1392377301-0]; IJC [P14100186]; USACE [W56MES32262531]; NOM FX Funding for this project was provided by NOM, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (No. DW1392377301-0, administered by USEPA), the IJC, (No. P14100186) and the USACE (No. W56MES32262531). The authors thank John Allis, Jim Lewis, Keith Kompoltowicz, Craig Stow, Jia Wang, Tad Slawecki, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful discussions and editorial comments that improved the clarity of this manuscript. This is NOAA-GLERL publication No. 1709. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 807 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.jlr.2014.05.014 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AP4GF UT WOS:000342034500039 ER PT J AU Cui, YT Wooster, JK Braudrick, CA Orr, BK AF Cui, Yantao Wooster, John K. Braudrick, Christian A. Orr, Bruce K. TI Lessons Learned from Sediment Transport Model Predictions and Long-Term Postremoval Monitoring: Marmot Dam Removal Project on the Sandy River in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Dam removal; Sediment transport; River geomorphology; Fish passage; Numerical modeling; Monitoring; Field observation; Model examination ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; DREAM AB The 14-m-tall Marmot Dam was removed during the summer of 2007, and the cofferdam protecting the working area was breached during a storm on October 19, 2007, allowing approximately 750,000 m(3) of reservoir deposit to be eroded freely and released downstream to the Sandy River. Prior to the Marmot Dam removal, sediment transport models were developed to predict the transport dynamics of both gravel and sand, providing key pieces of information for stakeholders and regulatory agencies to select the most appropriate dam removal alternative. A monitoring program was implemented following dam removal that was designed to examine model predictions and assess when potential fish passage issues related to dam removal were no longer of concern. Comparisons of model predictions with field observations indicate that the model successfully predicted the erosion of the impoundment deposit, the deposition of sediment in a short reach downstream of the dam, and the lack of deposition in the majority of the Sandy River. The model overpredicted sediment deposition in a reach 7 to 12 km downstream of the dam. Further examinations indicated that the overpredicted sediment deposition may be attributed to underestimating the gravel particle abrasion coefficient during initial modeling. Comparisons also indicated that the model significantly underpredicted the suspended sediment concentration during the first 10 h immediately following cofferdam breaching but correctly predicted the minimal increase in suspended sediment concentration thereafter. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Cui, Yantao; Orr, Bruce K.] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Wooster, John K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Braudrick, Christian A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Braudrick, Christian A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, 2855 Telegraph Ave,Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM yantao@stillwatersci.com OI Cui, Yantao/0000-0001-5820-8670 FU Portland General Electric Company (PGE); Bureau of Reclamation; National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED) at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota FX Primary funding for this project was provided by Portland General Electric Company (PGE). Bureau of Reclamation and the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED) located at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, provided additional financial support. We thank the technical and logistic support from PGE staff, John Esler, David Heintzman, Doug Cramer, and Jeff Danielson, just to name a few, and support from the members of Bull Run Decommissioning Work Group. Stillwater Sciences staff Rafael Real de Asua provided all the geographic information system (GIS) support and produced several of the figures presented in this paper; Ian Pryor provided valuable input during the course of the project; and Karley Rodriguez and Sapna Khandwala helped to improve the quality of all the figures. We thank Jon Major and Bruce McCammon for providing photo images, and Jon Major for providing suspended sediment sampling data and water surface survey data. Review comments to an early draft or sections of the draft by Thomas Lisle, Jon Major, David Heintzman, and three anonymous peer reviewers helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 36 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2014 VL 140 IS 9 AR 04014044 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000894 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AP6ZM UT WOS:000342227200006 ER PT J AU Kim, JM Eberle, APR Gurnon, AK Porcar, L Wagner, NJ AF Kim, Jung Min Eberle, Aaron P. R. Gurnon, A. Kate Porcar, Lionel Wagner, Norman J. TI The microstructure and rheology of a model, thixotropic nanoparticle gel under steady shear and large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HARD-SPHERE DISPERSIONS; COLLOID-POLYMER MIXTURES; FLOW-INDUCED STRUCTURE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; WORMLIKE MICELLES; GLASS-TRANSITION AB The microstructure-rheology relationship for a model, thermoreversible nanoparticle gel is investigated using a new technique of time-resolved neutron scattering under steady and time-resolved large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flows. A 21 vol. % gel is tested with varying strength of interparticle attraction. Shear-induced structural anisotropy is observed as butterfly scattering patterns and quantified through an alignment factor. Measurements in the plane of flow show significant, local anisotropy develops with alignment along the compressional axis of flow, providing new insights into how gels flow. The microstructure-rheology relationship is analyzed through a new type of structure-Lissajous plot that shows how the anisotropic microstructure is responsible for the observed LAOS response, which is beyond a response expected for a purely viscous gel with constant structure. The LAOS shear viscosities are observed to follow the "Delaware-Rutgers" rule. Rheological and microstructural data are successfully compared across a broad range of conditions by scaling the shear rate by the strength of attraction, providing a method to compare behavior between steady shear and LAOS experiments. However, important differences remain between the microstructures measured at comparatively high frequency in LAOS experiments and comparable steady shear experiments that illustrate the importance of measuring the microstructure to properly interpret the nonlinear, dynamic rheological response. (C) 2014 The Society of Rheology. C1 [Kim, Jung Min; Gurnon, A. Kate; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kim, Jung Min; Gurnon, A. Kate; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Porcar, Lionel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Kim, Jung Min/H-4043-2014 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Kim, Jung Min/0000-0001-6210-4540 NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 80 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1328 DI 10.1122/1.4878378 PG 28 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA AP6RV UT WOS:000342206200014 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Yan, XJ Kilpatrick, LE Liang, YX Mirokhin, YA Roth, JS Rudnick, PA Stein, SE AF Dong, Qian Yan, Xinjian Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Liang, Yuxue Mirokhin, Yuri A. Roth, Jeri S. Rudnick, Paul A. Stein, Stephen E. TI Tandem Mass Spectral Libraries of Peptides in Digests of Individual Proteins: Human Serum Albumin (HSA) SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DISSOCIATION SPECTRA; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SITE LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE COVERAGE; SPECTROMETRY DATA; MS/MS SPECTRA; LOW-ENERGY; PROTEOMICS AB This work presents a method for creating a mass spectral library containing tandem spectra of identifiable peptide ions in the tryptic digestion of a single protein. Human serum albumin (HSA(1)) was selected for this purpose owing to its ubiquity, high level of characterization and availability of digest data. The underlying experimental data consisted of similar to 3000 one-dimensional LC-ESI-MS/MS runs with ion-trap fragmentation. In order to generate a wide range of peptides, studies covered a broad set of instrument and digestion conditions using multiple sources of HSA and trypsin. Computer methods were developed to enable the reliable identification and reference spectrum extraction of all peptide ions identifiable by current sequence search methods. This process made use of both MS2 (tandem) spectra and MS1 (electrospray) data. Identified spectra were generated for 2918 different peptide ions, using a variety of manually-validated filters to ensure spectrum quality and identification reliability. The resulting library was composed of 10% conventional tryptic and 29% semitryptic peptide ions, along with 42% tryptic peptide ions with known or unknown modifications, which included both analytical artifacts and post-translational modifications (PTMs) present in the original HSA. The remaining 19% contained unexpected missed-cleavages or were under/over alkylated. The methods described can be extended to create equivalent spectral libraries for any target protein. Such libraries have a number of applications in addition to their known advantages of speed and sensitivity, including the ready re-identification of known PTMs, rejection of artifact spectra and a means of assessing sample and digestion quality. C1 [Dong, Qian; Yan, Xinjian; Kilpatrick, Lisa E.; Liang, Yuxue; Mirokhin, Yuri A.; Roth, Jeri S.; Rudnick, Paul A.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIH/NCI CPTAC program through NIST FX This work was supported by the NIH/NCI CPTAC program (http://proteomics.cancer.gov/) through a series of Interagency Agreements with NIST. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2435 EP 2449 DI 10.1074/mcp.O113.037135 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AP0WE UT WOS:000341785800019 PM 24889059 ER PT J AU Kravtsov, V Berweger, S Atkin, JM Raschke, MB AF Kravtsov, Vasily Berweger, Samuel Atkin, Joanna M. Raschke, Markus B. TI Control of Plasmon Emission and Dynamics at the Transition from Classical to Quantum Coupling SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmonic emitter; photoluminescence; quantum coupling tunnelingr; radiatie lifetime ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE GOLD NANORODS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; METAL-SURFACES; FLUORESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT; NANOPARTICLES; LUMINESCENCE; NANOSTRUCTURES; INTERFACES AB With nanosecond radiative lifetimes, quenching dominates over enhancement for conventional fluorescence emitters near metal interfaces. We explore the fundamentally distinct behavior of photoluminescence (PL) with few-femtosecond radiative lifetimes of a coupled plasmonic emitter. Controlling the emittersurface distance with subnanometer precision by combining atomic force and scanning tunneling distance control, we explore the unique behavior of plasmon dynamics at the transition from long-range classical resonant energy transfer to quantum coupling. Because of the ultrafast radiative plasmon emission, classical quenching is completely suppressed. Field-enhanced behavior dominates until the onset of quantum coupling dramatically reduces emission intensity and field enhancement, as verified in concomitant tip-enhanced Raman measurements. The entire distance behavior from tens of nanometers to subnanometers can be described using a phenomenological rate equation model and highlights the new degrees of freedom in radiation control enabled by an ultrafast radiative emitter near surfaces. C1 [Kravtsov, Vasily; Atkin, Joanna M.; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kravtsov, Vasily; Atkin, Joanna M.; Raschke, Markus B.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berweger, Samuel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Raschke, MB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM markus.raschke@colorado.edu RI Raschke, Markus/F-8023-2013 FU Department of Energy Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002197]; National Science Foundation (NSF grant) [CHE1306398] FX We would like to acknowledge funding from the Department of Energy Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (Grant No. DE-SC0002197) and the National Science Foundation (NSF grant No. CHE1306398). NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 5270 EP 5275 DI 10.1021/nl502297t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AO7PG UT WOS:000341544500054 PM 25089501 ER PT J AU Emmerich, SJ Persily, AK Wang, LZ AF Emmerich, Steven J. Persily, Andrew K. Wang, Liangzhu (Leon) TI CO and Portable Generators SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Concerns exist about the hazard of acute residential carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from portable gasoline-powered generators, which can result in death or serious adverse health effects. As of April 23, 2013 and as shown in Figure 1, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) databases contain records of at least 800 deaths (involving 597 incidents) from CO poisoning caused by consumer use of a generator in the period of 1999 through 2012.(1) Typically, these deaths occur when consumers use a generator in an enclosed or partially enclosed space or, less often, outdoors near a partially open door, window or vent. While avoiding the operation of such generators in or near a home would reduce indoor CO exposures significantly, it may not be realistic to expect such usage to be eliminated completely. C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Liangzhu (Leon)] Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) [CPSC-I-06-0012] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) under interagency agreement CPSC-I-06-0012. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 EI 1943-6637 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 56 IS 9 BP 92 EP + PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AO9LQ UT WOS:000341677600017 ER PT J AU Ballard, T Seager, R Smerdon, JE Cook, BI Ray, AJ Rajagopalan, B Kushnir, Y Nakamura, J Henderson, N AF Ballard, Tristan Seager, Richard Smerdon, Jason E. Cook, Benjamin I. Ray, Andrea J. Rajagopalan, Balaji Kushnir, Yochanan Nakamura, Jennifer Henderson, Naomi TI Hydroclimate Variability and Change in the Prairie Pothole Region, the "Duck Factory'' of North America SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE North America; Climate change; Hydrologic cycle; Climate variability; Ecosystem effects ID WETLANDS; CLIMATE; VULNERABILITY; SURVIVAL; DROUGHT; DAKOTA; ENSO AB The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the northern Great Plains is a vital ecosystem responsible each year for producing 50%-80% of new recruits to the North American duck population. Climate variability and change can impact the hydrology and ecology of the region with implications for waterfowl populations. The historical relationship between PPR wetlands, duck populations, and seasonal hydroclimate are explored. Model experiments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are used to determine whether a recent wetting trend is due to natural variability or changing climate and how PPR hydroclimate will change into the future. Year-to-year variations in May duck populations, pond numbers, and the Palmer drought severity index are well correlated over past decades. Pond and duck numbers tend to increase in spring following La Nina events, but the correlation is not strong. Model simulations suggest that the strengthening of the precipitation gradient across the PPR over the past century is predominantly due to natural variability and therefore could reverse. Model projections of future climate indicate precipitation will increase across the PPR in all seasons except summer, but this gain for surface moisture is largely offset by increased evapotranspiration because of higher temperatures and increased atmospheric evaporative demand. In summer, the combined effects of warming and precipitation changes indicate seasonal surface drying in the future. The presented hydroclimate analyses produce potential inputs to ecological and hydrological simulations of PPR wetlands to inform risk analysis of how this North American waterfowl habitat will evolve in the future, providing guidance to land managers facing conservation decisions. C1 [Ballard, Tristan] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Seager, Richard; Smerdon, Jason E.; Kushnir, Yochanan; Nakamura, Jennifer; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Cook, Benjamin I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Ray, Andrea J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Seager, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM seager@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012; Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU NSF [AGS-1243204]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912]; Lamont summer undergraduate intern program FX This work was supported by NSF Award AGS-1243204 ("Linking near-term future changes in weather and hydroclimate in western North America to adaptation for ecosystem and water management") and NOAA Award NA08OAR4320912 ("Global decadal hydroclimate variability and change"). We particularly thank Susan Skagen (U.S. Geological Survey), Michael Olson and Richard Nelson (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), and Helen Sofaer (Colorado State University) for their careful readings, which led to a more informative and practically useful paper. TB acknowledges the Lamont summer undergraduate intern program for additional support. We thank Haibo Liu for assembling the CMIP5 model database at Lamont. We thank two anonymous reviewers for detailed and thoughtful comments and criticisms. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 18 AR 14 DI 10.1175/EI-D-14-0004.1 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP1GI UT WOS:000341815500001 ER PT J AU Yau, AJ Lenihan, HS Kendall, BE AF Yau, Annie J. Lenihan, Hunter S. Kendall, Bruce E. TI Fishery management priorities vary with self-recruitment in sedentary marine populations SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE closed population; coral reef fishery; fishing mortality; giant clam; integral projection model; local population; mixed recruitment; Mo'orea, French Polynesia; open population; self-recruitment; small-scale fishery; Tridacna ID CORAL-REEF FISHERIES; GIANT CLAMS; LARVAL CONNECTIVITY; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TRIDACNA-CROCEA; MAXIMA; MODEL; GROWTH; SUSTAINABILITY; ARCHIPELAGO AB Fisheries science often uses population models that assume no external recruitment, but nearshore marine populations harvested on small scales of <200 km often exhibit an unknown mix of self-recruitment and recruitment from external sources. Since empirical determination of self-recruitment vs. external recruitment is difficult, we used a modeling approach to examine the sensitivity of fishery management priorities to recruitment assumptions (self [closed], external [open]) in a local population of harvested giant clams (Tridacna maxima) on Mo'orea, French Polynesia. From 2006 to 2010, we measured growth, fecundity, recruitment, and survival (resulting from natural and fishing mortality). We used these data to parameterize both a closed (complete self-recruitment) and an open (no self-recruitment) integral projection model (IPM), and then calculated elasticities of demographic rates (growth, survival, recruitment) to future population abundance in 20 years. The models' lowest projected abundance was 93.4% (95% CI, [86.5%, 101.8%]) of present abundance, if the local population is entirely open and the present level of fishing mortality persists. The population will exhibit self-sustaining dynamics (1 <= lambda <= 1.07) as for a closed population if the ratio of self-recruits per gram of dry gonad is >0.775 (equivalent to 52.85% self-recruitment under present conditions). Elasticity analysis of demographic parameters indicated that future abundance can most effectively be influenced by increasing survival of mid-sized clams (similar to 80-120 mm) if the population is self-sustaining, and by increasing survival of juvenile clams (similar to 40-70 mm) if the population is non-self-sustaining (as for an open population). Our results illustrate that management priorities can vary depending on the amount of self-recruitment in a local population. C1 [Yau, Annie J.; Lenihan, Hunter S.; Kendall, Bruce E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Yau, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM annie.yau@noaa.gov RI Kendall, Bruce/C-1871-2008 OI Kendall, Bruce/0000-0003-1782-8106 FU Gump Research Station Pacific Education and Research Laboratories (PEARL) Award; PADI Foundation [317]; Luce Science to Solutions Fellowship; Mo'orea Coral Reef (MCR) Long Term Ecological Research Site; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management; University of California FX This research was supported by grants to A. Yau from the Gump Research Station Pacific Education and Research Laboratories (PEARL) Award, PADI Foundation grant number 317, and the Luce Science to Solutions Fellowship. Additional support came from the Mo'orea Coral Reef (MCR) Long Term Ecological Research Site, the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, and the University of California. This is a contribution of the MCR LTER Site and Contribution Number 195 of the UC Berkeley Gump Research Station. We thank R. Nisbet and J. Wilson for their input and helpful comments that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank the staff of the Gump Station for their assistance and friendship. We are grateful to T. Adam, A. Brooks, X. Han, K. Seydel, H. Stewart, and K. Walovich for their efforts in collecting shells. Finally, we thank L. Albertson, J. Creason, T. Minter, A. Rivera, S. Shaffiy, and T. Teore for their assistance with fieldwork, all the fishers for their knowledge on pahua fishing and participation in this study, and the Brando Trust, Conservation Tetiaroa, and Pacific Beachcomber for permission to work on Tetiaroa. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1490 EP 1504 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO9YE UT WOS:000341715800018 ER PT J AU Landguth, EL Muhlfeld, CC Waples, RS Jones, L Lowe, WH Whited, D Lucotch, J Neville, H Luikart, G AF Landguth, E. L. Muhlfeld, C. C. Waples, R. S. Jones, L. Lowe, W. H. Whited, D. Lucotch, J. Neville, H. Luikart, G. TI Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dispersal; gene flow; genetic differentiation; genetic diversity; landscape genetics; population viability; risk maps; Salvelinus confluentus; stream barrier; stream networks; vulnerability assessments ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BULL TROUT; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; RIVER SYSTEM; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; LIFE-HISTORY AB Accelerating climate change and other cumulative stressors create an urgent need to understand the influence of environmental variation and landscape features on the connectivity and vulnerability of freshwater species. Here, we introduce a novel modeling framework for aquatic systems that integrates spatially explicit, individual-based, demographic and genetic (demogenetic) assessments with environmental variables. To show its potential utility, we simulated a hypothetical network of 19 migratory riverine populations (e.g., salmonids) using a riverscape connectivity and demogenetic model (CDFISH). We assessed how stream resistance to movement (a function of water temperature, fluvial distance, and physical barriers) might influence demogenetic connectivity, and hence, population vulnerability. We present demographic metrics (abundance, immigration, and change in abundance) and genetic metrics (diversity, differentiation, and change in differentiation), and combine them into a single vulnerability index for identifying populations at risk of extirpation. We considered four realistic scenarios that illustrate the relative sensitivity of these metrics for early detection of reduced connectivity: (1) maximum resistance due to high water temperatures throughout the network, (2) minimum resistance due to low water temperatures throughout the network, (3) increased resistance at a tributary junction caused by a partial barrier, and (4) complete isolation of a tributary, leaving resident individuals only. We then applied this demogenetic framework using empirical data for a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) metapopulation in the upper Flathead River system, Canada and USA, to assess how current and predicted future stream warming may influence population vulnerability. Results suggest that warmer water temperatures and associated barriers to movement (e.g., low flows, dewatering) are predicted to fragment suitable habitat for migratory salmonids, resulting in the loss of genetic diversity and reduced numbers in certain vulnerable populations. This demogenetic simulation framework, which is illustrated in a web-based interactive mapping prototype, should be useful for evaluating population vulnerability in a wide variety of dendritic and fragmented riverscapes, helping to guide conservation and management efforts for freshwater species. C1 [Landguth, E. L.; Jones, L.; Lowe, W. H.; Lucotch, J.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Jones, L.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Muhlfeld, C. C.; Whited, D.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Neville, H.] Trout Unltd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Luikart, G.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Fish & Wildlife Genom Grp, Polson, MT 59860 USA. RP Landguth, EL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM erin.landguth@mso.umt.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center; Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative; USGS; NSF [DEB 1067613, DEB 0742181, DGE-1313190]; [DEB 1258203]; [DEB 1050459] FX We thank K. Keenan for discussions of fixation indices, S. Wenger, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. We are grateful to the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center and the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative for providing funding for this work. E. L. Landguth, C. C. Muhlfeld, L. Jones, and G. Luikart were supported by a grant from the USGS. G. Luikart was partially supported by NSF grants DEB 1067613 and DEB 0742181, G. Luikart and W. Lowe were partially supported by DEB 1258203, and W. Lowe was partially supported by DEB 1050459. L. Jones was partially supported by the NSF under DGE-1313190. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 101 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1524 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO9YE UT WOS:000341715800019 ER PT J AU Essington, TE Munch, SB AF Essington, Timothy E. Munch, Stephen B. TI Trade-offs between supportive and provisioning ecosystem services of forage species in marine food webs SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cephalopods; Ecopath; ecosystem-based management; ecosystem services; fisheries; food webs; forage fish; marine ecosystems; small pelagics; trade-offs ID PENGUINS SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS; SMALL PELAGIC FISH; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; SEABIRD COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SOUTH-AFRICA; NORTH-SEA; MANAGEMENT AB Ecosystem-based management of natural resources involves an explicit consideration of trade-offs among ecosystem services. In marine fisheries, there is the potential for a trade-off between the supporting role of small pelagic fish and cephalopods in food webs, and the provisioning service they play as a major target of fisheries. Because these species play central roles in food webs by providing a conduit of energy from small prey to upper trophic level predators, we hypothesized that trade-offs between these two ecosystem services could be predicted based on energetic properties of predator-prey linkages and food-web structure. We compiled information from 27 marine food-web models (all within the Ecopath framework) that included either small pelagic fish or cephalopods, described predator-prey linkages involving these species, and developed a novel analytical framework to estimate how changes in yields of forage species would propagate through food webs and other fisheries. Consistent with expectations, diet overlap between predators and prey was generally low, and predator-prey linkages tended to be asymmetric; contribution of these species to predator diets was, on average, larger than the contribution of individual predator stocks to prey mortality. The estimated trade-offs between yields of forage fish and predator species were highly variable when we assumed joint bottom-up and top-down control on predation. Roughly one-third of this variance was related to an interactive effect of fishing and predation intensity; strong trade-offs were predicted when fishing intensity on forage species is high and when predators account for a high proportion of total forage mortality. When trophic connections were presumed to be driven by bottom-up processes, trade-offs were more predictable, but generally very small. Contrary to our expectations, trade-offs were not easily predicted from energetic properties, largely because predators of forage species exhibited a high degree of intra-guild predation, and also consumed many of the same prey as forage species. Given the limited ability to a priori predict the food-web implications of forage fisheries, we suggest that a precautionary risk-based approach be applied to decisions about acceptable biological removals of forage fish and biological targets used for their management. C1 [Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Munch, Stephen B.] NOAA Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Essington, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM essing@uw.edu FU Pew Marine Conservation Fellows Program FX This work was supported by the Pew Marine Conservation Fellows Program. We thank the many model developers who generously shared their Ecopath models with us. These include Alida Bundy, Marta Coll, Chris Harvey, Carrie Hoover, Cathy Bulman, Lynne Shannon, Cam Ainsworth, Sarah Gaichas, Yvonne Ortiz, John Field, and Carl Walters. We also acknowledge the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force whose discussions stimulated thought that led to this research. We also thank Nis Sand Jacobsen, Laura Koehn, Megsie Siple, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1557 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO9YE UT WOS:000341715800021 ER PT J AU Miehls, ALJ Peacor, SD McAdam, AG AF Miehls, Andrea L. J. Peacor, Scott D. McAdam, Andrew G. TI GAPE-LIMITED PREDATORS AS AGENTS OF SELECTION ON THE DEFENSIVE MORPHOLOGY OF AN INVASIVE INVERTEBRATE SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bythotrephes longimanus; Canadian Shield lakes; cladoceran zooplankton; gape-limited predation; invasive species; natural selection ID ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES RICHNESS; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LAKE-MICHIGAN; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORIES; FISH PREDATORS AB Invasive species have widespread and pronounced effects on ecosystems and adaptive evolution of invaders is often considered responsible for their success. Despite the potential importance of adaptation to invasion, we still have limited knowledge of the agents of natural selection on invasive species. Bythotrephes longimanus, a cladoceran zooplankton, invaded multiple Canadian Shield lakes over the past several decades. Bythotrephes have a conspicuous caudal process (tail spine) that provides a morphological defense against fish predation. We measured viability selection on the longest component of the Bythotrephes spine, the distal spine segment, through a comparison of the lengths of first and second instar Bythotrephes collected from lakes differing in the dominance of gape-limited predation (GLP) and nongape-limited predation (NGLP) by fish. We found that natural selection varied by predator gape-limitation, with strong selection (selection intensity: 0.20-0.79) for increased distal spine length in lakes dominated by GLP, and no significant selection in lakes dominated by NGLP. Further, distal spine length was 17% longer in lakes dominated by GLP, suggesting the possibility of local adaptation. As all study lakes were invaded less than 20 years prior to our collections, our results suggest rapid divergence in defensive morphology in response to selection from fish predators. C1 [Miehls, Andrea L. J.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Miehls, Andrea L. J.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [McAdam, Andrew G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Miehls, ALJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 480 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM amiehls@glfc.org RI McAdam, Andrew/G-1802-2010 OI McAdam, Andrew/0000-0001-7323-2572 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; EPA Science to Achieve Results fellowship (STAR Research Assistance Agreement) - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [FP91698801-0]; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and M. Cristescu for thorough and helpful comments. N. Yan, J. Young, D. Linley, and N. Kim graciously provided field equipment and assistance in developing the study design. K. Chambers and J. Pellegrini assisted with field collections, D. and G. McAdam provided lodging while in the field, and B. Damschroder, J. Fejszes, S. Fissette, S. Jubb, L. Kramer, I. McCririe, C. Michael, V. Quesnell, B. Staton, M. Stevenson, E. Throckmorton, A. Upadhye, B. Vieder, and M. Weiss assisted with laboratory sample processing. S. Sandstrom and N. Lester provided fish community information and P. Bourdeau and S. Miehls provided additional methodological assistance. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and an EPA Science to Achieve Results fellowship (STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. FP91698801-0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). This work has not been formally reviewed by the EPA and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. SDP acknowledges support from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. This is contribution number 1712 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD SEP PY 2014 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2633 EP 2643 DI 10.1111/evo.12472 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA AP1JC UT WOS:000341824100014 PM 24916281 ER PT J AU Armstrong, WH Collins, MJ Snyder, NP AF Armstrong, William H. Collins, Mathias J. Snyder, Noah P. TI Hydroclimatic flood trends in the northeastern United States and linkages with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE flooding; hydroclimatology; Mid-Atlantic USA; northeastern USA; partial duration series; inondations; hydroclimatologie; Etats-Unis Mid-Atlantique; Nord-Est des Etats-Unis; serie de durees partielles ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; NEW-ENGLAND; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; US STREAMFLOW; RIVER-BASIN; LOW-FLOWS; PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY AB We evaluate flood magnitude and frequency trends across the Mid-Atlantic USA at stream gauges selected for long record lengths and climate sensitivity, and find field significant increases. Fifty-three of 75 study gauges show upward trends in annual flood magnitude, with 12 showing increases at p<0.05. We investigate trends in flood frequency using partial duration series data and document upward trends at 75% of gauges, with 27% increasing at p<0.05. Many study gauges show evidence for step increases in flood magnitude and/or frequency around 1970. Expanding our study area to include New England, we find evidence for lagged positive relationships between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation phase and flood magnitude and frequency. Our results suggest hydroclimatic changes in regional flood response that are related to a combination of factors, including cyclic atmospheric variability and secular trends related to climate warming affecting both antecedent conditions and event-scale processes.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor H. Lins ResumeNous avons evalue les tendances de l'intensite et de la frequence des crues a travers les Etats americains du Mid-Atlantique, au niveau de stations de jaugeage selectionnees pour leurs longues series d'enregistrement et leur sensibilite au climat. Nous avons mis en evidence des augmentations significatives sur le terrain. 53 des 75 stations de l'etude montrent des tendances a la hausse de l'intensite des crues annuelles, dont 12 presentent une augmentation avec une probabilite de rejet p < 0,05. Nous avons etudie les tendances dans la frequence des crues a partir de series de durees partielles et avons decrit des tendances a la hausse pour 75% des stations, 27% augmentant avec une probabilite de rejet p < 0,05. De nombreuses stations etudiees indiquent des augmentations par palier dans l'intensite et / ou la frequence des crues autour de l'annee 1970. En etendant notre zone d'etude a la Nouvelle-Angleterre, nous avons mis en evidence des relations decalees positives entre la phase hivernale de l'oscillation nord-atlantique et l'intensite et la frequence des crues. Nos resultats suggerent des changements hydroclimatiques dans les crues a l'echelle regionales, qui sont lies a une combinaison de facteurs, incluant la variabilite atmospherique cyclique et des tendances seculaires liees au rechauffement climatique, qui affectent a la fois les conditions anterieures et les processus a l'echelle evenementielle. C1 [Armstrong, William H.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armstrong, William H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. [Snyder, Noah P.] Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Armstrong, WH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.armstrong@colorado.edu OI Armstrong, William/0000-0002-5581-6109; Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation [0645343] FX We thank our colleague Andrew Miller and anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was partially funded by NOAA and National Science Foundation grant 0645343. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1636 EP 1655 DI 10.1080/02626667.2013.862339 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AO8ZY UT WOS:000341646100002 ER PT J AU Cohen, J Screen, JA Furtado, JC Barlow, M Whittleston, D Coumou, D Francis, J Dethloff, K Entekhabi, D Overland, J Jones, J AF Cohen, Judah Screen, James A. Furtado, Jason C. Barlow, Mathew Whittleston, David Coumou, Dim Francis, Jennifer Dethloff, Klaus Entekhabi, Dara Overland, James Jones, Justin TI Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SEA-ICE ANOMALIES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; WINTER CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIBERIAN SNOW; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; IMPACT AB The Arctic region has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average - a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. The rapid Arctic warming has contributed to dramatic melting of Arctic sea ice and spring snow cover, at a pace greater than that simulated by climate models. These profound changes to the Arctic system have coincided with a period of ostensibly more frequent extreme weather events across the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, including severe winters. The possibility of a link between Arctic change and mid-latitude weather has spurred research activities that reveal three potential dynamical pathways linking Arctic amplification to mid-latitude weather: changes in storm tracks, the jet stream, and planetary waves and their associated energy propagation. Through changes in these key atmospheric features, it is possible, in principle, for sea ice and snow cover to jointly influence mid-latitude weather. However, because of incomplete knowledge of how high-latitude climate change influences these phenomena, combined with sparse and short data records, and imperfect models, large uncertainties regarding the magnitude of such an influence remain. We conclude that improved process understanding, sustained and additional Arctic observations, and better coordinated modelling studies will be needed to advance our understanding of the influences on mid-latitude weather and extreme events. C1 [Cohen, Judah; Furtado, Jason C.; Jones, Justin] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Screen, James A.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Barlow, Mathew] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Change Initiat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Whittleston, David; Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coumou, Dim] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res Earth Syst Anal, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. [Francis, Jennifer] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Dethloff, Klaus] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Awi Potsdam, Germany. [Overland, James] Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cohen, J (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jcohen@aer.com RI Furtado, Jason/A-3459-2015; OI Furtado, Jason/0000-0001-6580-2109; Screen, James/0000-0003-1728-783X FU National Science Foundation [BCS-1060323, AGS-1303647, ARC-0909272]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J019585/1]; NASA [NNX13AN36G]; Arctic Research Project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office and the Office of Naval Research [322] FX We are grateful to E. Barnes for many helpful discussions and suggested revisions to the manuscript. J.C. is supported by the National Science Foundation grants BCS-1060323 and AGS-1303647. J.S. is funded by Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/J019585/1. M.B. received support from National Science Foundation grant ARC-0909272 and NASA NNX13AN36G. J.O. receives support from the Arctic Research Project of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office and the Office of Naval Research, Code 322. NR 100 TC 196 Z9 204 U1 46 U2 235 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1038/NGEO2234 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8WI UT WOS:000341635600009 ER PT J AU Liu, YK AF Liu, Yi-Kai TI QUANTUM INFORMATION Show, don't tell SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, YK (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-kai.liu@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 10 IS 9 BP 625 EP 626 DI 10.1038/nphys3058 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AP1HZ UT WOS:000341820700010 ER PT J AU Byrne, DA AF Byrne, Deirdre A. TI Surface Oceanography Unit, National Oceanographic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Surface Oceanog Unit, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Byrne, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Surface Oceanog Unit, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM deirdre.byrne@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600019 ER PT J AU Baio, JE Jaye, C Fischer, DA Weidner, T AF Baio, Joe E. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Weidner, Tobias TI High-Throughput Analysis of Molecular Orientation on Surfaces by NEXAFS Imaging of Curved Sample Arrays SO ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE self-assembled monolayers; combinatorial science; imaging NEXAFS; alkanethiol; angle-resolved photoemission; molecular order ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SPIN-CAST; COMBINATORIAL; PROTEIN; PERFORMANCE; DIELECTRICS; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy provides detailed information about the orientation and alignment of thin films. NEXAFS is a synchrotron-based technique the availability of beam-time per user is typically limited to no more than a few weeks per year. The limited availability is currently a true barrier for using NEXAFS in combinatorial studies of molecular alignment. We have recently demonstrated how large area full field NEXAFS imaging allows users to pursue combinatorial studies of surface chemistry. Now we report an extension of this approach which allows the acquisition of orientation information from a single NEXAFS image. An array with 80 elements (samples), containing eight series of different surface modifications, was mounted on a curved substrate allowing the collection of NEXAFS spectra with a range of orientations with respect to the X-ray beam. Images collected from this array show how hyperspectral NEXAFS data collected from curved surfaces can be used for high-throughput molecular orientation analysis. C1 [Baio, Joe E.; Weidner, Tobias] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dfischer@nist.gov; weidner@mpip-mainz.mpg.de RI Weidner, Tobias/F-8725-2012 OI Weidner, Tobias/0000-0002-7083-7004 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [WE4478/2-1]; EU [322124]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1202620]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences FX The authors thank David G. Castner for support of this work and Lara J. Gamble for collaboration at the synchrotron. T.W. thanks Stephan Imhof and Udo Bertram for photos of the samples. T.W. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, WE4478/2-1) and the EU (Marie Curie Actions Career Integration Grant 322124) for financial support. J.E.B. thanks the National Science Foundation for a research fellowship (NSF Grant 1202620). This work was performed at the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences. This work is also a part of the research program of the Max-Planck Society. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-8952 EI 2156-8944 J9 ACS COMB SCI JI ACS Comb. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1021/co5001162 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AO5UE UT WOS:000341410000001 PM 25046426 ER PT J AU Winton, MV Wuenschel, MJ McBride, RS AF Winton, Megan V. Wuenschel, Mark J. McBride, Richard S. TI Investigating spatial variation and temperature effects on maturity of female winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) using generalized additive models SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STOCK STRUCTURE; FISH; MAINE; GULF; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; HABITAT AB Generalized additive models were used to investigate fine-scale spatial variation in female maturity across the three United States' winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) stocks. The effect of temperature on maturity was also investigated. Maturity models explicitly incorporating spatial structure performed better than "traditional" methods incorporating spatial effects by aggregating data according to predefined stock boundaries. Models including temperature explained more of the variability in maturity than those based only on fish size or age but did not improve fit over models incorporating spatial structure. Based on the size-and age-at-maturity estimates from the spatially explicit models, distinct subareas were objectively identified using a spatially constrained clustering algorithm. The results suggested greater variation in size-and age-at-maturity within than between existing stock areas. The approach outlined here provides a method for identifying areas with different vital rates without the need to presume subjective boundaries. C1 [Winton, Megan V.] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Wuenschel, Mark J.; McBride, Richard S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Winton, MV (reprint author), Coonamessett Farm Fdn, 277 Hatchville Rd, East Falmouth, MA 02536 USA. EM megan.winton@gmail.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU NMFS Habitat Assessment Improvement Team FX The authors thank E. Towle, Y. Press, and D. McElroy for their help with all aspects of this project. They are also grateful to survey staff from the Ecosystems Survey Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center; the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (A. Mazzarella, H. Carberry, L. Berry, R. Ford, and the crew of the R/V Seawolf); the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (M. Szymanski, V. Manfredi, M. Camisa, and the crew of the R/V Gloria Michelle); the Maine Department of Marine Resources (S. Sherman, K. Stepanek, C. King, and the crew of the F/V Robert Michael); and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (K. Gottschall and D. Pacileo). G. Thornton (NEFSC), J. Burnett (NEFSC), K. Stepanek (MEDMR), and S. Sherman (MEDMR) aged the specimens. P. Fratantoni, J. Manning, and B. Shank (NEFSC) provided advice regarding the bottom temperature data and analysis. M. Terceiro and P. Nitschke provided information from stock assessments as well as valuable insight into the interpretation of results. Mass Histology Service, Inc. processed all gonad tissue. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Funding for this research was provided by the NMFS Habitat Assessment Improvement Team. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0617 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FP UT WOS:000341518100001 ER PT J AU Richardson, DE Palmer, MC Smith, BE AF Richardson, David E. Palmer, Michael C. Smith, Brian E. TI The influence of forage fish abundance on the aggregation of Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and their catchability in the fishery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; CATCH; SHIFTS; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; DECLINE; STOCKS AB Shifts in the distribution and aggregation patterns of exploited fish populations can affect the behavior and success of fishermen and can complicate the interpretation of fisheries-dependent data. Starting in 2006, coinciding with an increase in sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) abundance, Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) concentrated on Stellwagen Bank, a small (405 km(2)) underwater plateau located in the southwestern portion of the larger (52 461 km(2)) stock area. The cod fishery in turn concentrated on Stellwagen Bank. Specifically, the proportion of Gulf of Maine cod landings caught in a single 10-minute square area (260 km(2)) encompassing the tip of Stellwagen Bank increased from 12% in 2005 to 45% in 2010. An increase in landings per unit effort in the fishery coincided with the concentration of the fleet on Stellwagen Bank. Overall, both fisheries-independent and fisheries-dependent data indicate that an increase in sand lance abundance resulted in cod aggregating in a small and predictable area where they were easily caught by the fishery. More broadly, this work illustrates how changes in the distribution patterns of fish and fisherman can decouple trends in abundance and fisheries catch per unit effort. C1 [Richardson, David E.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Palmer, Michael C.; Smith, Brian E.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM David.Richardson@NOAA.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1349 EP 1362 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0489 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO7FP UT WOS:000341518100007 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Meehl, GA Hu, AX Alexander, MA Yamagata, T Yuan, DL Ishii, M Pegion, P Zheng, J Hamlington, BD Quan, XW Leben, RR AF Han, Weiqing Meehl, Gerald A. Hu, Aixue Alexander, Michael A. Yamagata, Toshio Yuan, Dongliang Ishii, Masayoshi Pegion, Philip Zheng, Jian Hamlington, Benjamin D. Quan, Xiao-Wei Leben, Robert R. TI Intensification of decadal and multi-decadal sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific during recent decades SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal; Multidecadal; Sea level; Pacific decadal variability; Indian Ocean warming ID INTERDECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ENSO-LIKE VARIABILITY; SOUTH INDIAN-OCEAN; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL ENSO; OSCILLATION AB Previous studies have linked the rapid sea level rise (SLR) in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) since the early 1990s to the Pacific decadal climate modes, notably the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the north Pacific or Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) considering its basin wide signature. Here, the authors investigate the changing patterns of decadal (10-20 years) and multidecadal (> 20 years) sea level variability (global mean SLR removed) in the Pacific associated with the IPO, by analyzing satellite and in situ observations, together with reconstructed and reanalysis products, and performing ocean and atmosphere model experiments. Robust intensification is detected for both decadal and multidecadal sea level variability in the WTP since the early 1990s. The IPO intensity, however, did not increase and thus cannot explain the faster SLR. The observed, accelerated WTP SLR results from the combined effects of Indian Ocean and WTP warming and central-eastern tropical Pacific cooling associated with the IPO cold transition. The warm Indian Ocean acts in concert with the warm WTP and cold central-eastern tropical Pacific to drive intensified easterlies and negative Ekman pumping velocity in western-central tropical Pacific, thereby enhancing the western tropical Pacific SLR. On decadal timescales, the intensified sea level variability since the late 1980s or early 1990s results from the "out of phase" relationship of sea surface temperature anomalies between the Indian and central-eastern tropical Pacific since 1985, which produces "in phase" effects on the WTP sea level variability. C1 [Han, Weiqing; Zheng, Jian] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meehl, Gerald A.; Hu, Aixue] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Pegion, Philip; Quan, Xiao-Wei] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yamagata, Toshio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Yuan, Dongliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Zheng, Jian] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Leben, Robert R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weiqing.han@colorado.edu RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Zheng, Jian/O-2642-2016; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU NSF [OCE 0847605]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation; China 973 project FX We thank Dr. Clara Deser for reading the earlier version of this manuscript and providing helpful comments, and Dr. Adam Phillips for providing the CAM3 TOGA experiment results. Appreciation also goes to Dr. Martin Hoerling for the NSIPP model experiments, and Dr. James McWilliams for stimulating discussions at the earlier stage of this work. W. H. is supported by NSF CAREER award OCE 0847605. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. D.Y. is supported by China 973 project. We thank NCAR CISL for computational support. NR 96 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5-6 BP 1357 EP 1379 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1951-1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO5FR UT WOS:000341369700014 ER PT J AU Weng, F Zou, X Qin, Z AF Weng, F. Zou, X. Qin, Z. TI Uncertainty of AMSU-A derived temperature trends in relationship with clouds and precipitation over ocean SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate trend; Satellite; Cloud ID SATELLITE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; MSU CHANNEL-2; SOUNDING UNIT; CONSTRUCTION; PRECISION; ANOMALIES; RECORDS AB Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) observations from a series of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites have been extensively utilized for estimating the atmospheric temperature trend. For a given atmospheric temperature condition, the emission and scattering of clouds and precipitation modulate MSU and AMSU-A brightness temperatures. In this study, the effects of the radiation from clouds and precipitation on AMSU-A derived atmospheric temperature trend are assessed using the information from AMSU-A window channels. It is shown that the global mean temperature in the low and middle troposphere has a larger warming rate (about 20-30 % higher) when the cloud-affected radiances are removed from AMSU-A data. It is also shown that the inclusion of cloud-affected radiances in the trend analysis can significantly offset the stratospheric cooling represented by AMSU-A channel 9 over the middle and high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere. C1 [Weng, F.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Qin, Z.] NUIST, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zou, X (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project [2010CB951600] FX This work was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 project 2010CB951600. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5-6 BP 1439 EP 1448 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1958-7 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO5FR UT WOS:000341369700018 ER PT J AU Package-Ward, C Himes-Cornell, A AF Package-Ward, Christina Himes-Cornell, Amber TI Utilizing Oral Histories to Understand the Social Networks of Oregon Fishermen in Alaska SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE commercial fishing; Alaska; Oregon; oral history; social networks; ethnic enclaves ID JOB-SATISFACTION; MANAGEMENT; ADAPTATION; ORIGINS; POLICY AB Many commercial fishermen from the Newport, Oregon area began fishing in Alaska during the historical fishing boom times of the 1960s to 1980s. Since then, they have continued to be involved in fishing in Alaska. Many of these individuals began fishing in Alaska because of their connections, opportunity, adventure, and money. Drawing on oral histories, this study examines the ways in which this network of fishermen allowed them to become established in a new region. The article explores how connections through this social network draw parallels with traditional ethnic enclaves and facilitate their capacity to adapt to declining resources in one region through transferring fishing effort to another. C1 [Package-Ward, Christina] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Package-Ward, C (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 EI 1938-3525 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD FAL PY 2014 VL 73 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AO6ZO UT WOS:000341501700009 ER PT J AU Lin, K Rong, YC Wu, H Huang, QZ You, L Ren, Y Fan, LL Chen, J Xing, XR AF Lin, Kun Rong, Yangchun Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen You, Li Ren, Yang Fan, Longlong Chen, Jun Xing, Xianran TI Ordered Structure and Thermal Expansion in Tungsten Bronze Pb2K0.5Li0.5Nb5O15 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LEAD POTASSIUM NIOBATE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PHASES; PB2KNB5O15; TRANSITION AB The crystal structure and thermal expansion behaviors of a new tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) ferroelectric, Pb2K0.5Li0.5Nb5O15, were systematically investigated by selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), neutron powder diffraction, synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-temperature XRD. SAED and Rietveld refinement reveal that Pb2K0.5Li0.5Nb5O15 displays a commensurate superstructure of simple orthorhombic TTB structure at room temperature. The structure can be described with space group Bb2(1)m. The transition to a paraelectric phase (P4/mbm) occurs at 500 degrees C. Compared with Pb2KNb5O15 (PKN), the substitution of 0.5K(+) with small 0.5Li(+) into PKN causes the tilting of NbO6 octahedra away from the c axis with Delta theta approximate to 10 degrees and raises the Curie temperature by 40 degrees C, and the negative thermal expansion coefficient along the polar b axis increases more than 50% in the temperature range 25-500 degrees C. We present that, by introduction of Li+, the enhanced spontaneous polarization is responsible for the enhanced negative thermal expansion along the b axis, which may be caused by more Pb2+ in the pentagonal caves. C1 [Lin, Kun; Rong, Yangchun; Fan, Longlong; Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [You, Li] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Chen, Jun/M-1669-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91022016, 21031005, 21231001]; Program for Changjiang Scholars, and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 91022016, 21031005, and 21231001), Program for Changjiang Scholars, and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207). We thank Prof. Chen Dong from the Institute of Physics, CAS, for his kindly help in structure analysis. We thank Shaoying Zheng and Laijun Liu from Guilin University of Technology for their help in dielectric measurements. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 17 BP 9174 EP 9180 DI 10.1021/ic501189n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AO3LB UT WOS:000341229600042 PM 25116333 ER PT J AU Wu, MM Liu, XZ Chen, DF Huang, QZ Wu, H Liu, YT AF Wu, Meimei Liu, Xinzhi Chen, Dongfeng Huang, Qingzhen Wu, Hui Liu, Yuntao TI Structure, Phase Transition, and Controllable Thermal Expansion Behaviors of Sc2-xFexMo3O12 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SC-2(WO4)(3); MOLYBDATES; TUNGSTATE AB The crystal structures, phase transition, and thermal expansion behaviors of solid solutions of Sc2-xFexMo3O12 (0 <= x <= 2) have been examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At room temperature, samples crystallize in a single orthorhombic structure for the compositions of x < 0.6 and monoclinic for x >= 0.6, respectively. DSC results indicate that the phase transition temperature from monoclinic to orthorhombic structure is enhanced by increasing the Fe3+ content. High-temperature XRD and NPD results show that Sc1.3Fe0.7Mo3O12 exhibits near zero thermal expansion, and the volumetric coefficients of thermal expansion derived from XRD and NPD are 0.28 X 10(-6) degrees C-1 (250-800 degrees C) and 0.65 X 10(-6) C-1 (227-427 degrees C), respectively. NPD results of Sc2Mo3O12 (x = 0) and Sc1.3Fe0.7Mo3O12 (x = 0.7) indicate that Fe substitution for Sc induces reduction of the mean Sc(Fe)-Mo nonbond distance and the different thermal variations of Sc(Fe)-O5-Mo2 and Sc(Fe)-O3-Mo2 bond angles. The correlation between the displacements of oxygen atoms and the variation of unit cell parameters was investigated in detail for Sc2Mo3O12. C1 [Wu, Meimei; Liu, Xinzhi; Chen, Dongfeng; Liu, Yuntao] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Wu, Hui] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wu, MM (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. EM mmwu@ciae.ac.cn; dfchenciae@126.com RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [10905095]; 973 Programs [2010CB833101] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 10905095) and 973 Programs (2010CB833101). NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 17 BP 9206 EP 9212 DI 10.1021/ic501271t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AO3LB UT WOS:000341229600045 PM 25140828 ER PT J AU Curtis, CD Torres, SM AF Curtis, Christopher D. Torres, Sebastian M. TI Adaptive Range Oversampling to Improve Estimates of Polarimetric Variables on Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MOMENT; SIGNALS; SIMULATION AB One way to reduce the variance of meteorological-variable estimates on weather radars without increasing dwell times is by using range oversampling techniques. Such techniques could significantly improve the estimation of polarimetric variables, which typically require longer dwell times to achieve the desired data quality compared to the single-polarization spectral moments. In this paper, an efficient implementation of adaptive pseudowhitening that was developed for single-polarization radars is extended for dual polarization. Adaptive pseudowhitening maintains the performance of pure whitening at high signal-to-noise ratios and equals or outperforms the digital matched filter at low signal-to-noise ratios. This approach results in improvements for polarimetric-variable estimates that are consistent with the improvements for spectral-moment estimates described in previous work. The performance of the proposed technique is quantified using simulations that show that the variance of polarimetric-variable estimates can be reduced without modifying the scanning strategies. The proposed technique is applied to real weather data to validate the expected improvements that can be realized operationally. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM chris.curtis@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Igor Ivic and Dusan Zrnic for providing comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1853 EP 1866 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00216.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4WM UT WOS:000341342100001 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR AF Ivic, Igor R. TI On the Use of a Radial-Based Noise Power Estimation Technique to Improve Estimates of the Correlation Coefficient on Dual-Polarization Weather Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER SPECTRA AB A weather surveillance radar antenna intercepts thermal radiation from various sources, including the ground, the sun, the sky, and precipitation. In the radar receiver, this external radiation produces noise that adds to the receiver internal noise and results in the system noise power varying with the antenna position. If these variations are not captured, they translate into erroneous signal powers because these are computed via subtraction of noise power measurements from the overall power estimates. This may lead to biased meteorological variables at low to moderate signal-to-noise ratios if those are computed using signal power estimates. In dual-polarization radars, this problem is even more pronounced, particularly for correlation coefficient estimates that use noise power measurements from both the horizontal and vertical channels. An alternative is to use estimators that eliminate the need for noise corrections but require sufficient correlation of signals in sample time, which limits their applicability. Therefore, when the use of the latter is inappropriate, the quality of correlation coefficient estimates can be improved by computing them using sufficiently accurate noise powers measured at each antenna position. An effective technique that estimates the noise powers in real time at each scan direction and in parallel with weather data collection has been proposed. Herein, the impacts of such a technique on the estimation of the correlation coefficient are investigated. The results indicate that the use of more accurate noise power estimates can significantly reduce the bias of correlation coefficient estimates, thus visibly improving the correlation coefficient fields. This is expected because the correlation coefficient is computed using noise power measurements from both the horizontal and vertical channels. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072] FX The author would like to thank Sebastian Torres, Valery Melnikov, and Bradley Isom for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1867 EP 1880 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00052.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4WM UT WOS:000341342100002 ER PT J AU Msadek, R Delworth, TL Rosati, A Anderson, W Vecchi, G Chang, YS Dixon, K Gudgel, RG Stern, W Wittenberg, A Yang, X Zeng, F Zhang, R Zhang, S AF Msadek, Rym Delworth, T. L. Rosati, A. Anderson, W. Vecchi, G. Chang, Y. -S. Dixon, K. Gudgel, R. G. Stern, W. Wittenberg, A. Yang, X. Zeng, F. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. TI Predicting a Decadal Shift in North Atlantic Climate Variability Using the GFDL Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBPOLAR GYRE; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEANIC VARIABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; LABRADOR SEA; HEAT-CONTENT; WORLD OCEAN AB Decadal prediction experiments were conducted as part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) using the GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1) forecast system. The abrupt warming of the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (SPG) that was observed in the mid-1990s is considered as a case study to evaluate forecast capabilities and better understand the reasons for the observed changes. Initializing the CM2.1 coupled system produces high skill in retrospectively predicting the mid-1990s shift, which is not captured by the uninitialized forecasts. All the hindcasts initialized in the early 1990s show a warming of the SPG; however, only the ensemble-mean hindcasts initialized in 1995 and 1996 are able to reproduce the observed abrupt warming and the associated decrease and contraction of the SPG. Examination of the physical mechanisms responsible for the successful retrospective predictions indicates that initializing the ocean is key to predicting the mid-1990s warming. The successful initialized forecasts show an increased Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and North Atlantic Current transport, which drive an increased advection of warm saline subtropical waters northward, leading to a westward shift of the subpolar front and, subsequently, a warming and spindown of the SPG. Significant seasonal climate impacts are predicted as the SPG warms, including a reduced sea ice concentration over the Arctic, an enhanced warming over the central United States during summer and fall, and a northward shift of the mean ITCZ. These climate anomalies are similar to those observed during a warm phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, which is encouraging for future predictions of North Atlantic climate. C1 [Msadek, Rym; Chang, Y. -S.; Yang, X.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Msadek, Rym; Chang, Y. -S.; Yang, X.] UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Delworth, T. L.; Rosati, A.; Anderson, W.; Vecchi, G.; Dixon, K.; Gudgel, R. G.; Stern, W.; Wittenberg, A.; Zeng, F.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, S.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Msadek, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rym.msadek@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 105 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 17 BP 6472 EP 6496 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00476.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4BS UT WOS:000341281800007 ER PT J AU Foster, MJ Heidinger, A AF Foster, Michael J. Heidinger, Andrew TI Entering the Era of+30-Year Satellite Cloud Climatologies: A North American Case Study SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; FEEDBACK; CLIMATE; REGIMES; SURFACE; TRENDS; ECMWF; ISCCP AB The emergence of satellite-based cloud records of climate length and quality hold tremendous potential for climate model development, climate monitoring, and studies on global water cycling and its subsequent energetics. This article examines the more than 30-yr Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloudiness record over North America and assesses its suitability as a climate-quality data record. A loss of similar to 4.2% total cloudiness is observed between 1982 and 2012 over a North American domain centered over the contiguous United States. While ENSO can explain some of the observed change, a weather state clustering analysis identifies shifts in weather patterns that result in loss of water cloud over the Great Lakes and cirrus over southern portions of the United States. The radiative properties of the shifting weather states are characterized, and the results suggest that extended cloud satellite records may prove useful tools for increasing knowledge of cloud feedbacks, a long-standing issue in the climate change community. C1 [Foster, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Foster, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mike.foster@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU CDR grant from the National Climatic Data Center FX This work was made possible by a CDR grant from the National Climatic Data Center. We would also like to thank Dr. Steve Ackerman for his helpful suggestions. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 17 BP 6687 EP 6697 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00068.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4BS UT WOS:000341281800020 ER PT J AU Song, H Lin, WY Lin, YL Wolf, AB Donner, LJ Del Genio, AD Neggers, R Endo, S Liu, YG AF Song, Hua Lin, Wuyin Lin, Yanluan Wolf, Audrey B. Donner, Leo J. Del Genio, Anthony D. Neggers, Roel Endo, Satoshi Liu, Yangang TI Evaluation of Cloud Fraction Simulated by Seven SCMs against the ARM Observations at the SGP Site SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; PHASE ARCTIC CLOUD; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; SYSTEM AB This study evaluates the performances of seven single-column models (SCMs) by comparing simulated cloud fraction with observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site from January 1999 to December 2001. Compared with the 3-yr mean observational cloud fraction, the ECMWF SCM underestimates cloud fraction at all levels and the GISS SCM underestimates cloud fraction at levels below 200 hPa. The two GFDL SCMs underestimate lower-to-middle level cloud fraction but overestimate upper-level cloud fraction. The three Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) SCMs overestimate upper-level cloud fraction and produce lower-level cloud fraction similar to the observations but as a result of compensating overproduction of convective cloud fraction and underproduction of stratiform cloud fraction. Besides, the CAM3 and CAM5 SCMs both overestimate midlevel cloud fraction, whereas the CAM4 SCM underestimates. The frequency and partitioning analyses show a large discrepancy among the seven SCMs: Contributions of nonstratiform processes to cloud fraction production are mainly in upper-level cloudy events over the cloud cover range 10%-80% in SCMs with prognostic cloud fraction schemes and in lower-level cloudy events over the cloud cover range 15%-50% in SCMs with diagnostic cloud fraction schemes. Further analysis reveals different relationships between cloud fraction and relative humidity (RH) in the models and observations. The underestimation of lower-level cloud fraction in most SCMs is mainly due to the larger threshold RH used in models. The overestimation of upper-level cloud fraction in the three CAM SCMs and two GFDL SCMs is primarily due to the overestimation of RH and larger mean cloud fraction of cloudy events plus more occurrences of RH around 40%-80%, respectively. C1 [Song, Hua; Lin, Wuyin; Endo, Satoshi; Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lin, Yanluan] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wolf, Audrey B.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Donner, Leo J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Del Genio, Anthony D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Neggers, Roel] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Song, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr,Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hsong@bnl.gov RI lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth Systems Modeling (ESM) program via the FASTER project; Atmospheric System Research program; NASA Modeling and Analysis Program FX This work is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth Systems Modeling (ESM) program via the FASTER project (http://www.bnl.gov/faster) and Atmospheric System Research program. Del Genio is supported also by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program. We thank Editor Dr. Robert Wood and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. We also thank Dr. Stephen Schwartz for his interest and helpful suggestions. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 17 BP 6698 EP 6719 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00555.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4BS UT WOS:000341281800021 ER PT J AU Muller, OV Berbery, EH Alcaraz-Segura, D Ek, MB AF Mueller, Omar V. Berbery, Ernesto Hugo Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo Ek, Michael B. TI Regional Model Simulations of the 2008 Drought in Southern South America Using a Consistent Set of Land Surface Properties SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL TYPES; PLATA BASIN; ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; COVER CHANGE; ETA-MODEL; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; IMPACT; IMPLEMENTATION AB This work discusses the land surface atmosphere interactions during the severe drought of 2008 in southern South America, which was among the most severe in the last 50 years in terms of both intensity and extent. Once precipitation returned to normal values, it took about two months for the soil moisture content and vegetation to recover. The land surface effects were examined by contrasting long-term simulations using a consistent set of satellite-derived annually varying land surface biophysical properties against simulations using the conventional land-cover types in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Noah land surface model (WRF-Noah). The new land-cover dataset is based on ecosystem functional properties that capture changes in vegetation status due to climate anomalies and land-use changes. The results show that the use of realistic information of vegetation states enhances the model performance, reducing the precipitation biases over the drought region and over areas of excessive precipitation. The precipitation bias reductions are attributed to the corresponding changes in greenness fraction, leaf area index, stomatal resistance, and surface roughness. The temperature simulation shows a generalized increase, which is attributable to a lower vegetation greenness and a doubling of the stomatal resistance that reduces the evapotranspiration rate. The increase of temperature has a beneficial effect toward the eastern part of the domain with a notable reduction of the bias, but not over the central region where the bias is increased. The overall results suggest that an improved representation of the surface processes may contribute to improving the predictive skill of the model system. C1 [Mueller, Omar V.] UNL, FICH, CEVARCAM, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. [Mueller, Omar V.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Berbery, Ernesto Hugo] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo] Univ Granada, Dept Bot, Granada, Spain. [Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Muller, OV (reprint author), UNL, FICH, CEVARCAM, Ciudad Univ, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. EM ovmuller@unl.edu.ar RI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/B-8063-2008; Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010 OI Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo/0000-0001-8988-4540; Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345 FU NASA [NNX08AE50G]; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) [CRN2094, CRN3095]; U.S. National Science Foundation [GEO-1128040]; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica from Argentina [PICT 2008-1576]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) from Argentina FX We thank Drs. Alan K. Betts and Zavisa Janjic for their comments on the BMJ scheme. We also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their questions that helped clarify many aspects of the discussion. This research was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AE50G and two grants (CRN2094 and CRN3095) from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-1128040). The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica through PICT 2008-1576, and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), both from Argentina. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 17 BP 6754 EP 6778 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00463.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO4BS UT WOS:000341281800024 ER PT J AU Gaudet, PH Cawthorn, RJ Morado, JF Wadowska, D Wright, GM Greenwood, SJ AF Gaudet, P. H. Cawthorn, R. J. Morado, J. F. Wadowska, D. Wright, G. M. Greenwood, S. J. TI Ultrastructure of trichocysts in Hematodinium spp. infecting Atlantic snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hematodinium; Dinoflagellate; Trichocyst; Ultrastructure; Chionoecetes opilio ID LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; FINE STRUCTURE; PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE; PARAMECIUM CELLS; SYNCHRONOUS EXOCYTOSIS; DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE; DEFENSIVE FUNCTION; CAUDATUM; DISEASE; CULTURE AB Trichocyst morphology and development were explored using transmission electron microscopy in Hematodinium spp. isolated directly from Atlantic snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) hemolymph and from in vitro cultures. Appearance of trichocysts defines the initiation of a morphological transition in the parasites life cycle from vegetative stage to the transmission stage. Trichocysts within sporonts were found in distinct clusters near the nucleus in close apposition to the Golgi. As cells transitioned to more mature dinospores however, trichocysts were found randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Clusters contained both primordial and maturing trichocysts at various stages indicating an asynchronous development. The random distribution of mature trichocysts suggests deployment to the cell membrane for future extrusion. Mature trichocysts of Hematodinium spp. appeared structurally similar to trichocysts from photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Hematodinium spp. trichocysts differed by the presence of peripheral tubules associated with novel cuboidal appendages in the apical region rather than a network of central electron dense fibres as found in photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Additionally, the trichocyst membrane of Hematodinium spp. was in close apposition to the square crystalline core. Trichocyst expulsion was not observed during our study which along with features of development and maturation within Hematodinium life stages should provide insight into proposed roles in host attachment or defense that could further our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis and transmission of the parasite. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaudet, P. H.; Cawthorn, R. J.; Greenwood, S. J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, AVC Lobster Sci Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Gaudet, P. H.; Cawthorn, R. J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Morado, J. F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wadowska, D.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Diagnost Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Wright, G. M.; Greenwood, S. J.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Greenwood, SJ (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Biomed Sci, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. EM phgaudet@upei.ca; cawthorn@upei.ca; frank.morado@noaa.gov; wadowska@upei.ca; gwright@upei.ca; sgreenwood@upei.ca FU NSERC-Strategic Projects [STPGP 372536 - 2008]; Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation and the Fish, Food & Allied Workers Union FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Melanie Buote, Sarah Ramsay-Ogilvie, Sarah Daley, and Dr. Janet Saunders for technical assistance. Additionally, the study could not have taken place without the commitment of Earl Dawe, Darrel Mullowney and the crews and technicians on the Fisheries and Oceans trawler survey ships who collected snow crab samples. This research was funded by NSERC-Strategic Projects Grant (STPGP 372536 - 2008) and through the supporting organization at the Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation and the Fish, Food & Allied Workers Union. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.06.006 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AO4CS UT WOS:000341284400003 PM 24975920 ER PT J AU Winters, AD Fitzgerald, S Brenden, TO Nalepa, T Faisal, M AF Winters, Andrew D. Fitzgerald, Scott Brenden, Travis O. Nalepa, Thomas Faisal, Mohamed TI Spatio-temporal dynamics of parasites infecting Diporeia spp. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) in southern Lake Michigan (USA) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diporeia spp.; Parasites; Laurentian Great Lakes ID BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS; GREAT-LAKES; DISAPPEARANCE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; DECLINES; DENSITY; ONTARIO; HURON AB Since the 1990s, populations of the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp. (Diporeia) have sharply declined across much of the Laurentian Great Lakes. This study was undertaken to identify contemporary and historical community composition, structure, and dynamics of parasites infecting Diporeia collected from nine sites in the southern basin of Lake Michigan, where declines of the amphipod have been well documented over the past 20 years. An additional aim of this study was to assess whether infection dynamics and dreissenid densities could explain the declines in Diporeia densities that have occurred. We found that Diporeia were host to eight groups of uni- and multicellular pathogens. Of the 3082 amphipods analyzed, 1624 individuals (52.7%) were infected with at least one type of parasite. Ciliophora was the most prevalent parasite (50.08% prevalence of infection), followed by Gregarinasina (2.79%), Microsporidia (0.68%), Cestoda (0.45%), Acanthocephala (0.36%), Haplosporidia (0.23%), Yeast (0.32%), and filamentous Fungi (0.10%). Considerable spatial and temporal variability were observed in parasite prevalences, with prevalences frequently appearing to cycle between low and high values. Parasite species belonging to Microsporidia and Haplosporidia were associated with tissue alteration and host inflammatory response; however, parasite prevalences explained very little in terms of Diporeia density declines at assessed sites. Despite these findings, we do not discount the possibility that parasitic infections may have played a role in declining Diporeia densities in the Great Lakes, as the cyclical prevalences that were observed are possibly suggestive of parasitic outbreaks that are followed by die-offs at affected sites. This study suggests that if parasites have affected Diporeia densities in the Laurentian Great Lakes, then the relationship may be a complicated one. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Winters, Andrew D.; Brenden, Travis O.; Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fitzgerald, Scott; Faisal, Mohamed] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Faisal, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Diagnost Investigat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM faisal@cvm.msu.edu FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2009.1058] FX Funding was provided by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust, Grant # 2009.1058 for the project entitled "Mechanistic Approach to Identify the Role of Pathogens in Causing Diporeia spp. Decline in the Great Lakes". NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 121 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2014.06.008 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AO4CS UT WOS:000341284400007 PM 24991698 ER PT J AU Edson, JB Jampana, V Weller, RA Bigorre, SP Plueddemann, AJ Fairall, CW Miller, SD Mahrt, L Vickers, D Hersbach, H AF Edson, James B. Jampana, Venkata Weller, Robert A. Bigorre, Sebastien P. Plueddemann, Albert J. Fairall, Christopher W. Miller, Scott D. Mahrt, Larry Vickers, Dean Hersbach, Hans TI On the exchange of momentum over the open ocean (vol 43, pg 1589, 2013) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 [Edson, James B.; Jampana, Venkata] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Weller, Robert A.; Bigorre, Sebastien P.; Plueddemann, Albert J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Environm Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, Scott D.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Mahrt, Larry; Vickers, Dean] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hersbach, Hans] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Edson, JB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM james.edson@uconn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2590 EP 2590 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0140.1 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AO4TM UT WOS:000341334300019 ER PT J AU Beasley-Green, A Burris, NM Bunk, DM Phinney, KW AF Beasley-Green, Ashley Burris, Nijah M. Bunk, David M. Phinney, Karen W. TI Multiplexed LC-MS/MS Assay for Urine Albumin SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Urine albumin; reference measurement procedure; absolute quantitation; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM); isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS) ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CREATININE RATIO; QUANTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEOMICS AB Urinary excretion of albumin is a major diagnostic and prognostic marker of renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease; therefore, accurate measurement of urine albumin is vital to clinical diagnosis. Although intermethod differences and analyte heterogeneity have been reported for urine albumin measurements, accuracy assessments of the available methods have been hindered by the lack of a reference system, including reference measurement procedures and reference materials, for this clinical analyte. To address the need for a reference measurement system for urine albumin, we have developed a candidate reference measurement procedure that utilizes isotope dilution-mass spectrometry (ID-MS) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to quantify full-length urine albumin in a targeted mass spectrometric-based approach. The reference measurement procedure incorporates an isotopically labeled (N-15) full-length recombinant human serum albumin (N-15-rHSA) material as the internal standard, which permits the absolute quantitation of albumin in urine. A total of 11 peptides with two transitions per peptide were selected from the tryptic digestion of human serum albumin on the basis of retention time reproducibility, peak intensity, and the degree of HSA sequence coverage. In addition to method validation, the generated calibration curves were used to determine the albumin content in pooled human urine samples to access the accuracy of the MS-based urine albumin quantitation method. C1 [Beasley-Green, Ashley; Burris, Nijah M.; Bunk, David M.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beasley-Green, A (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ashley.beasley@nist.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 9 BP 3930 EP 3939 DI 10.1021/pr500204c PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AO4XP UT WOS:000341345000007 PM 25057786 ER PT J AU Plant, AL Locascio, LE May, WE Gallagher, PD AF Plant, Anne L. Locascio, Laurie E. May, Willie E. Gallagher, Patrick D. TI Improved reproducibility by assuring confidence in measurements in biomedical research SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Article ID CELL-LINES; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; AUTHENTICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; STANDARDS; NOISE AB 'Irreproducibility' is symptomatic of a broader challenge in measurement in biomedical research. From the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) perspective of rigorous metrology, reproducibility is only one aspect of establishing confidence in measurements. Appropriate controls, reference materials, statistics and informatics are required for a robust measurement process. Research is required to establish these tools for biological measurements, which will lead to greater confidence in research results. C1 [Plant, Anne L.] Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Locascio, Laurie E.] Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [May, Willie E.; Gallagher, Patrick D.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 EI 1548-7105 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD SEP PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AO5UB UT WOS:000341409700013 PM 25166868 ER PT J AU Hagemann, C Grebing, C Lisdat, C Falke, S Legero, T Sterr, U Riehle, F Martin, MJ Ye, J AF Hagemann, Christian Grebing, Christian Lisdat, Christian Falke, Stephan Legero, Thomas Sterr, Uwe Riehle, Fritz Martin, Michael J. Ye, Jun TI Ultrastable laser with average fractional frequency drift rate below 5 x 10(-19)/s SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; SAPPHIRE OSCILLATOR; STABILIZATION; RESONATOR; STABILITY; STANDARD; CLOCK; NOISE AB Cryogenic single-crystal optical cavities have the potential to provide high dimensional stability. We have investigated the long-term performance of an ultrastable laser system that is stabilized to a single-crystal silicon cavity operated at 124 K. Utilizing a frequency comb, the laser is compared to a hydrogen maser that is referenced to a primary caesium fountain standard and to the Sr-87 optical lattice clock at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). With fractional frequency instabilities of sigma(y)(tau) <= 2 x 10(-16) for averaging times of tau = 60 s to 1000 s and sigma y(1 d) <= 2 x 10(-15) the stability of this laser, without any aid from an atomic reference, surpasses the best known microwave standards for short averaging times and is competitive with the best known hydrogen masers for longer times of 1 day. The comparison of modeled thermal response of the cavity with measured data indicates an average fractional frequency drift below 5 x 10(-19)/s, which we do not expect to be a fundamental limit. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hagemann, Christian; Grebing, Christian; Lisdat, Christian; Falke, Stephan; Legero, Thomas; Sterr, Uwe; Riehle, Fritz] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sterr, U (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM uwe.sterr@ptb.de RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU DARPA QuA-SAR program; European Community ERA-NET-Plus Programme [217257]; European Community 7th Framework Programme [263500]; European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) under IND14; European Union; Humboldt foundation FX We thank A. Bauch and S. Weyers for providing the frequency data between Cs fountains and H masers. The cryogenic silicon cavity laser system employed in this work was developed jointly by the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). We acknowledge funding from the DARPA QuA-SAR program, the European Community ERA-NET-Plus Programme (Grant No. 217257), the European Community 7th Framework Programme (Grant No. 263500), and the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) under IND14. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET, and the European Union. J. Y. acknowledges support from the Humboldt foundation. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 17 BP 5102 EP 5105 DI 10.1364/OL.39.005102 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO1UK UT WOS:000341100300033 PM 25166084 ER PT J AU Polikhronidi, NG Batyrova, RG Abdulagatov, IM Magee, JW Wu, JT AF Polikhronidi, N. G. Batyrova, R. G. Abdulagatov, I. M. Magee, J. W. Wu, J. T. TI Saturated and compressed liquid heat capacity at constant volume for 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE coexistence curve; density; ionic liquid; isochoric heat capacity; saturated density ID IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORT; PLUS WATER MIXTURES; DIETHYL-ETHER DEE; CRITICAL-POINT; SUPERCRITICAL REGIONS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; IONIC LIQUID; NITROGEN TETROXIDE AB One-phase liquid and two-phase liquid + vapour equilibrium, isochoric heat capacities (CV) and densities (rho(s)) were measured for ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl] imide ([ C(6)mim][ NTf2]). Measurements were concentrated near the liquid-gas phase transition curve in order to closely observe the changes. The measurements have been made over the temperature range from (330 to 480) K and pressures up to 20 MPa using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant volume adiabatic calorimeter. The values of temperature at the liquid-gas phase transition curve for each measured isochore (phase transition parameters, rho(S); T-S) were obtained by analysis of the quasistatic thermograms (readings of PRT, T-tau plot) and barograms (readings of the pressure transducer, P-t plot). The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, rho, and isochoric heat capacity, CV, measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06% and 2.0%, respectively. C1 [Polikhronidi, N. G.; Batyrova, R. G.; Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. [Magee, J. W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, J. T.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Ctr Thermal & Fluid Sci, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, M Yaragskogo Str 94, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 FU Russian Found of Basic Research (RFBR) [NHK13-08-00114/13] FX I.M. Abdulagatov thanks the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. This work was supported by the Grants of Russian Found of Basic Research (RFBR) [grant number NHK13-08-00114/13]. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9104 EI 1029-0451 J9 PHYS CHEM LIQ JI Phys. Chem. Liq. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 5 BP 657 EP 679 DI 10.1080/00319104.2014.924381 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AO6FY UT WOS:000341446800008 ER PT J AU Sieber, JR Mortensen, A AF Sieber, John R. Mortensen, Adam TI Validation and traceability of XRF and SEM-EDS elemental analysis results for solder in high-reliability applications SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB A procedure and calibration samples were developed for X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis methods for Sn and Pb amounts in solder and coatings. Test methods are needed by laboratories that perform destructive physical analysis of high-reliability electronics for MIL-STD-1580B. Calibrants are prepared by evaporative deposition of multiple, alternating quantities of pure Sn and pure Pb having mass per unit area proportional to mass fractions of Sn and Pb in a solder being mimicked. Validation reference materials are prepared by evaporative deposition of thin films of SRM 1729 Tin Alloy (97Sn-3Pb). Films are created on high-purity Ni foil to mimic some actual electronics structures and prevent charging during SEM-EDS measurements. Maximum thickness of films prepared this way must be kept below approximately 1 mu m to ensure that the entire thickness is probed by the primary X-ray or electron beam and that measured X-rays come from the entire thickness of all films. Detailed procedures are presented, and method performance was characterized. The primary purpose is to create calibrations for Sn and Pb that are simple to implement and establish traceability to the international system of units. The secondary purpose is to validate calibrations using a certified reference material to prove that, for simpler structures of thin solder coatings on metal, both X-ray fluorescence and SEM-EDS provide accurate results. Keeping films thin may be unrealistic in comparison with some, if not many, electronic structures, but this approach enables a laboratory to demonstrate competence in a controlled manner. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sieber, John R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mortensen, Adam] Hirel Labs Inc, Spokane, WA USA. RP Sieber, JR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.sieber@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0049-8246 EI 1097-4539 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 5 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1002/xrs.2548 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA AO2KE UT WOS:000341149700002 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Davis, G Day, PK Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Llombart, N Lueker, M Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Story, KT Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wilson, P Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. CA Bicep2 Collaboration TI BICEP2. II. EXPERIMENT AND THREE-YEAR DATA SET SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; instrumentation: polarimeters; telescopes ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; BACKGROUND POLARIZATION EXPERIMENTS; ANGULAR SCALE POLARIZATION; POWER SPECTRA; GRAVITY-WAVES; SOUTH-POLE; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; PROBE AB We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1 degrees-5 degrees(l = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 mu K root s. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5'.2 mu K) over an effective area of 384 deg(2) within a 1000 deg(2) field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Lueker, M.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Barkats, D.] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Day, P. K.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Llombart, N.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Turner, A. D.; Wilson, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC SBT, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Fliescher, S.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM ogburn@stanford.edu OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954; Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978, ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087]; NASA APRA and SAT programs [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation; W.M. Keck Foundation; FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University; JPL Research and Technology Development Fund FX BICEP2 was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0742818 and ANT-1044978 (Caltech/Harvard) and ANT-0742592 and ANT-1110087 (Chicago/Minnesota). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and grants 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The receiver development was supported in part by a grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation. The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. Tireless administrative support was provided by Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston. NR 71 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 792 IS 1 AR 62 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2RE UT WOS:000341172100062 ER PT J AU You, OR Son, SK Baker, ET Son, J Kim, MJ Barcelona, MJ Kim, M AF You, Ok-Rye Son, Seung Kyu Baker, Edward T. Son, Juwon Kim, Mi Jin Barcelona, Michael J. Kim, Moonkoo TI Bathymetric influence on dissolved methane in hydrothermal plumes revealed by concentration and stable carbon isotope measurements at newly discovered venting sites on the Central Indian Ridge (11-13 degrees S) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Dissolved methane; Stable carbon isotopes; Hydrothermal plume; Central Indian Ridge ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; RODRIGUEZ TRIPLE JUNCTION; IZU-BONIN ARC; OKINAWA TROUGH; SEA; FLUIDS; FRACTIONATION; WATERS; OCEAN AB Methane is a useful tracer for studying hydrothermal discharge, especially where the source fluids are of low temperature and lack metal precipitates. However, the dual origins of deep-sea methane, both chemical and biological, complicate the interpretation of methane observations. Here, we use both the concentration and stable carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13) of dissolved methane to trace hydrothermal plumes and identify the source and behavior of methane at two sites of newly discovered hydrothermal activity on the Central Indian Ridge (11-13 degrees S). At both sites, methane and optical anomalies between 2500 and 3500 m at all stations indicate active hydrothermal discharge. We compared methane concentrations and delta C-13 at three stations, two (CTIR110136 and CTIR110208) with the most prominent anomalies at each site, and a third (C1IR110140) with near-background methane values. At stations C11R110136 and CTIR110208, the concentration and delta C-13 of methane in distinct plumes ranged from 3.3 to 42.3 nmol kg(-1) and 30.0 to 15.4 parts per thousand, respectively, compared to deep-water values of 0.5 to 1.2 nmol kg(-1) and -35.1 to -28.9 parts per thousand at the station with a near-background distal plume (CTIR110140). delta C-13 was highest in the center of the plumes at CTIR110136 (-15.4 parts per thousand) and CTIR110208 (-17.8 parts per thousand). From the plume values we estimate that the delta C-13 of methane in the hydrothermal fluids at these stations was approximately -19 parts per thousand and thus the methane was most likely derived from magmatic outgassing or the chemical synthesis of inorganic matter. We used the relationship between delta C-13 and methane concentration to examine the behavior of methane at the plume stations. In the C11R110208 plume, simple physical mixing was likely the major process controlling the methane profile. In the CTIR110136 plume we interpret a more complicated relationship as resulting from microbial oxidation as well as physical mixing. We argue that this difference in methane behavior between the two areas stems from a distinct bathymetric dissimilarity between the two stations. The location of CTIR110208 on the open slope of a ridge allowed rapid plume dispersion and physical mixing, whereas the location of CTIR110136 in a small basin surrounded by wall structures inhibited physical mixing and enhanced microbial oxidation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [You, Ok-Rye; Son, Seung Kyu; Son, Juwon; Kim, Mi Jin] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Deep Sea & Seabed Resources Res Div, Ansan 426744, South Korea. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baker, Edward T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barcelona, Michael J.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kim, Moonkoo] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, South Sea Environm Res Div, Geoje 656834, South Korea. RP Kim, M (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, South Sea Environm Res Div, 41 Jangmok 1 Gil, Geoje 656834, South Korea. EM mkim@kiost.ac RI Kim, Moonkoo/C-2938-2008 OI Kim, Moonkoo/0000-0002-9079-1736 FU Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea [PM58080]; Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank two anonymous referees for constructive reviews. This study was funded by a research project titled "Exploration of seafloor hydrothermal deposits and Fe-Mn crusts in the southwestern Pacific and Indian oceans (PM58080)" from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. Support for ETB was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4043, JISAO contribution 2148. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 91 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.05.011 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AO0FM UT WOS:000340984500003 ER PT J AU Schmid, C AF Schmid, Claudia TI Mean vertical and horizontal structure of the subtropical circulation in the South Atlantic from three-dimensional observed velocity fields SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Subtropical gyre; Transport; South Atlantic; Three-dimensional velocity field from observations ID ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; INTER-OCEAN EXCHANGE; BENGUELA CURRENT; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; LAGRANGIAN CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE WATER; DEPTH CIRCULATION AB An analysis of the mean three-dimensional horizontal circulation in the subtropical South Atlantic based on velocity fields derived primarily from Argo data and AVISO sea surface heights, collected in the years 2000-2012, provides new insight into the zonal and meridional transports in the subtropical gyre. The velocity fields reveal the reduction of the latitudinal extent of the subtropical gyre with increasing depth that is mainly due to a southward shift of the westward flowing branch of the subtropical gyre, which is most pronounced near the western boundary. An analysis of zonal and meridional transports in the subtropical gyre in five 400 m thick layers from the surface to 2000 m reveals an interior pathway from the South Atlantic Current (SAC) to the Southern South Equatorial Current (SSEC) between 18 degrees W and 1 degrees E. At 35 degrees S the northward transport in this longitude band ranges from 5.5 Sv (1 Sv =1 Sverdrup = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) in the shallowest layer to 3.5 Sv in the deepest layer, and adds up to total transport of 14.6 Sv in the upper 800 m. Within the uncertainty of the estimated transports, these northward transports are consistent with the east-to-west strengthening of the SSEC in 18 degrees W and 1 degrees E (e.g. 14.2 Sv in the upper 800 m). For the SAC, the change of the transport has the correct sign, but the west-to-east shrinking of the transport is larger than the northward transport, which suggests a transfer of water from the SAC to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. With respect to the boundary currents that are part of the subtropical gyre, the southward transport of the western boundary current in the upper 2000 m increases from 5.2 Sv at 28 degrees S to 44.2 Sv at 33 degrees S. This is followed by a decrease to 22.2 Sv at 36 degrees S and another increase to 38.7 Sv at 39 degrees S. Further analysis shows that the increase of the transport by 15.2 Sv between 31 S and 33 degrees S is primarily due to the small recirculation cell just east of the Brazil Current that has a northward transport of 13.1 Sv at 35 degrees S in the upper 2000 m. Along the eastern boundary, the transport of the Benguela Current within the upper 1200 m at 35 degrees S is 23.9 Sv, increasing by about 10 Sv between 37 degrees S and 32 degrees S. To the east of this current, the Benguela Poleward Undercurrent can be detected in the velocity and salinity fields derived for the core of the Antarctic Intermediate Water. This current extends as far south as 30 degrees S and potentially even to 33 degrees S. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA AOML PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA AOML PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov RI Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 91 BP 50 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.015 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AO0FM UT WOS:000340984500006 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE Baker, JD Towell, RG Ream, RR AF Kuhn, Carey E. Baker, Jason D. Towell, Rodney G. Ream, Rolf R. TI Evidence of localized resource depletion following a natural colonization event by a large marine predator SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; dive behaviour; foraging behaviour; intraspecific competition; northern fur seal; satellite telemetry ID NORTHERN FUR SEALS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; COLONY SIZE; GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; FORAGING ENERGETICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ASHMOLES HALO; ELEPHANT SEAL; POPULATION AB 1. For central place foragers, forming colonies can lead to extensive competition for prey around breeding areas and a zone of local prey depletion. As populations grow, this area of reduced prey can expand impacting foraging success and forcing animals to alter foraging behaviour. 2. Here, we examine a population of marine predators, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), which colonized a recently formed volcanic island, and assess changes in foraging behaviour associated with increasing population density. Specifically, we measured pup production and adult foraging behaviour over a 15-year period, during which the population increased 4-fold. 3. Using measures of at-sea movements and dive behaviour, we found clear evidence that as the population expanded, animals were required to allot increasing effort to obtain resources. These changes in behaviour included longer duration foraging trips, farther distances travelled, a larger foraging range surrounding the island and deeper maximum dives. 4. Our results suggest that as the northern fur seal population increased, local prey resources were depleted as a result of increased intraspecific competition. In addition, the recent slowing of population growth indicates that this population may be approaching carrying capacity just 31 years after a natural colonization event. 5. Our study offers insight into the dynamics of population growth and impacts of increasing population density on a large marine predator. Such data could be vital for understanding future population fluctuations that occur in response to the dynamic environment, as natural and anthropogenic factors continue to modify marine habitats. C1 [Kuhn, Carey E.; Towell, Rodney G.; Ream, Rolf R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baker, Jason D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Carey.Kuhn@noaa.gov FU University of Alaska Fairbanks; North Pacific Research Board FX This research was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permit numbers 782-1455, 782-1694, 782-1708. A. Banks, K. Call, B. Fadely, T. Gelatt, J. L. Guerrero, J. Sterling, J. Thomason and M. Williams assisted with field research. J. Thomason, B. Walker and T. Zeppelin provided diet analysis, and D. Johnson assisted with statistical analysis and data processing. Funding and personnel were also contributed by the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the North Pacific Research Board. Additional logistic support was provided by R. Brewer, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (M/V Tiglax), and J. and A. MacDonald. The findings and conclusions in the study are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1177 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12202 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AN8TP UT WOS:000340877700017 PM 24450364 ER PT J AU Ameri, F Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Kaikhah, K AF Ameri, Farhad Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Ivezic, Nenad Kaikhah, Khosrow TI Ontological Conceptualization Based on the SKOS SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ontology development; ontological conceptualization; SKOS; thesaurus ID DESIGN INFORMATION; RETRIEVAL AB Ontological conceptualization refers to the process of creating an abstract view of the domain of interest through a set of interconnected concepts. In this paper, a thesaurus-based methodology is proposed for systematic ontological conceptualization in the manufacturing domain. The methodology has three main phases, namely, thesaurus development, thesaurus evaluation, and thesaurus conversion and it uses simple knowledge organization system (SKOS) as the thesaurus representation formalism. The concept-based nature of a SKOS thesaurus makes it suitable for identifying important concepts in the domain. To that end, novel thesaurus evaluation and thesaurus conversion metrics that exploit this characteristic are presented. The ontology conceptualization methodology is demonstrated through the development of a manufacturing thesaurus, referred to as ManuTerms. The concepts in ManuTerms can be converted into ontological classes. The whole conceptualization process is the stepping stone to developing more axiomatic ontologies. Although the proposed methodology is developed in the context of manufacturing ontology development, the underlying methods, tools, and metrics can be applied to development of any domain ontology. The developed thesaurus can serve as a stand-alone lightweight ontology and its concepts can be reused by other ontologies or thesauri. C1 [Ameri, Farhad] Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Ivezic, Nenad] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kaikhah, Khosrow] Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Ameri, F (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ameri@txstate.edu; serm@nist.gov; nenad.ivezic@nist.gov; khosrow@txstate.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB11D108]; Texas State University at San Marcos FX This work was partially funded by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Award 60NANB11D108 with Texas State University at San Marcos. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 AR 031006 DI 10.1115/1.4027582 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AN5FU UT WOS:000340616900006 ER PT J AU Barbau, R Lubell, J Rachuri, S Foufou, S AF Barbau, Raphael Lubell, Joshua Rachuri, Sudarsan Foufou, Sebti TI Towards a Reference Architecture for Archival Systems: Use Case With Product Data SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Long-term preservation of product data is imperative for many organizations. A product data archive should be designed to ensure information accessibility and understanding over time. Approaches, such as the Open Archival Information System Reference Model (OAIS RM) and the Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (ACTDR), provide a framework for conceptually describing and evaluating archives. These approaches are generic and do not focus on particular contexts or content types such as product data. Moreover, these approaches offer no guidance on how to formally and comprehensively describe archival systems. Such descriptions should include the business activities that a product data archive has to support and the systems that interact with the archive. Enterprise architecture provides a means to describe systems in their potentially complex environments. This paper proposes a holistic approach to formally describe the architecture and the environment of archival systems. This approach relies on the formal representation of the preservation terminology, including OAIS concepts, using the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). The approach covers the various interactions of other business functions with the archive and the information models necessary to ensure preservation and accessibility of product data. This approach is a step towards a reference architecture for the formal description of archival systems. To demonstrate the approach, we formally describe the ingest of product data related to a ship. The resulting description uses the preservation terminology defined in the OAIS Reference Model. It facilitates the understanding of how the preservation solution is actually implemented and provides evidence that the solution is able to preserve product data and make it accessible. C1 [Barbau, Raphael; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Barbau, Raphael; Lubell, Joshua; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, CENG, CSE Dept, Doha, Qatar. RP Barbau, R (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015 OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 AR 031005 DI 10.1115/1.4027150 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AN5FU UT WOS:000340616900005 ER PT J AU Lee, MY Munroe, TA Shao, KT AF Lee, M-Y Munroe, T. A. Shao, K-T TI Description of a new cryptic, shallow-water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from the western North Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; DNA barcoding; Symphurus leucochilus; Symphurus microrhynchus; Symphurus orientalis ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; TAXONOMIC STATUS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; IDENTIFICATION; PERCIFORMES; DIVERGENCE; AUSTRALIA AB Combined results based on morphological characters and analyses of partial sequences of the 16s rRNA and coI genes confirm the validity of a new, cryptic, symphurine tonguefish from the western North Pacific Ocean. Symphurus leucochilus n. sp., a diminutive species reaching sizes to c. 67 mm standard length, is described from nine specimens that were collected from fish-landing ports and from trawls made at c. 150 m off Taiwan and Japan. Symphurus leucochilus shares many similar features with those of Symphurus microrhynchus and that of several undescribed species that are morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus. Symphurus leucochilus has also been misidentified as Symphurus orientalis in fish collections because of shared similarities in some aspects of their morphology. The new species differs from all congeners by the following combination of meristic, morphological and pigmentation features: a predominant 1-2-2-2-2 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores and neural spines; 12 caudal-fin rays; 89-92 dorsal-fin rays; 76-80 anal-fin rays; 49-51 total vertebrae; four hypurals; 75-83 longitudinal scale rows; 32-35 transverse scales; 15-17 scale rows on the head posterior to the lower orbit; absence of a fleshy ridge on the ocular-side lower jaw and a membranous connection between the anterior nostril and lower part of the eye; a narrow interorbital space and dorsal-fin origin anterior to the vertical through the anterior margin of the upper eye; absence of both dermal spots at bases of anterior dorsal-fin rays and melanophores on the isthmus; uniformly yellow to light-brown ocular-side colouration without bands; dorsal and anal fins with alternating series of dark rectangular blotches and unpigmented areas; a uniform white blind side and a bluish-black peritoneum. Despite overall similarities in morphology between S. leucochilus and S. orientalis, as well as between two of the nominal species morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus, analyses of partial 16s rRNA and coI gene sequences show that S. leucochilus, S. orientalis and the two other nominal species represent three distinct lineages within the genus Symphurus. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Lee, M-Y] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. [Munroe, T. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shao, K-T] Acad Sinica, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Shao, KT (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM zoskt@gate.sinica.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC 96-2628-B-001-006-MY3, NSC 99-2621-B-001-008-MY3]; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica FX This work represents a portion of a collecting activities grant investigating the biodiversity and systematics of deep-sea fishes in Taiwanese waters supported by the National Science Council (NSC 96-2628-B-001-006-MY3 and NSC 99-2621-B-001-008-MY3) and awarded to K.-T.S., Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica. The authors thank H.-C. Ho, P. and L.-P. Lin who assisted with collecting specimens, and with loans and shipments of specimens used in this study. They are especially grateful to H.-C. Ho for providing tissue samples of S. cf. microrhynchus from Viet Nam. K.-C. Hsu advised M.-Y.L. regarding molecular aspects of this research study. M. Nizinski provided assistance and support during M.-Y.L.'s visit to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. H. Endo, N. Nakayama and R. Asaoka provided assistance and support during M.-Y.L.'s visit to the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University. They also provided three important fresh specimens of S. leucochilus from Japanese waters that assisted with the discovery of this sympatric cryptic species. L. Willis, NMFS-NSL, assisted with literature and specimens. J. Clayton and D. Smith, USNM, assisted with accessioning and cataloguing specimens. M.-Y.L. also extends his appreciation to all members of the Laboratory of Fish Ecology and Evolution for their support and assistance, especially to H. Lee who made the distribution map for this study. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 3 BP 563 EP 585 DI 10.1111/jfb.12440 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN8HR UT WOS:000340845500001 PM 25040425 ER PT J AU Frazier, BS Driggers, WB Adams, DH Jones, CM Loefer, JK AF Frazier, B. S. Driggers, W. B., III Adams, D. H. Jones, C. M. Loefer, J. K. TI Validated age, growth and maturity of the bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE longevity; elasmobranch; life history; oxytetracycline ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE RICHARDSON; SHARPNOSE SHARK; LIFE-HISTORY; CARCHARHINUS-ACRONOTUS; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; BLACKNOSE SHARK; 2 POPULATIONS; CONSISTENCY; PRECISION AB The age, growth and maturity of bonnetheads Sphyrna tiburo inhabiting the estuarine and coastal waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA) from Onslow Bay, North Carolina, south to West Palm Beach, Florida, were examined. Vertebrae were collected and aged from 329 females and 217 males ranging in size from 262 to 1043 mm and 245 to 825 mm fork length, L-F, respectively. Sex-specific von Bertalanffy growth curves were fitted to length-at-age data. Female von Bertalanffy parameters were L-infinity = 1036 mm L-F, k = 0.18, t(0) = -1.64 and L-0 = 272 mm L-F. Males reached a smaller theoretical asymptotic length and had a higher growth coefficient (L-infinity = 782 mm L-F, k = 0.29, t(0) = -1.43 and L-0 = 266 mm L-F). Maximum observed age was 17.9 years for females and 16.0 years for males. Annual deposition of growth increments was verified by marginal increment analysis and validated for age classes 2.5+ to 10.5+ years through recapture of 13 oxytetracycline-injected specimens at liberty in the wild for 1-4 years. Length (L-F50) and age (A(50)) at 50% maturity were 819 mm and 6.7 years for females, and 618 mm and 3.9 years for males. Both female and male S. tiburo in the WNA had a significantly higher maximum observed age, L-F50, A(50) and L-infinity, and a significantly lower k and estimated L-0 than evident in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). These significant differences in life-history parameters, as well as evidence from tagging and genetic studies, suggest that S. tiburo in the WNA and GOM should be considered separate stocks. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Frazier, B. S.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Driggers, W. B., III; Jones, C. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Adams, D. H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Loefer, J. K.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Frazier, BS (reprint author), South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM frazierb@dnr.sc.gov FU Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey (COASTSPAN); U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Federal Aid for Sportfish Restoration Project [F-43]; State of Florida saltwater recreational fishing licence monies FX We are especially grateful to the many folks who helped make this study possible. C. Hendrix, J. Richardson, D. Shiffman, H. Davega, J. Tucker, A. Shaw and P. Webster helped with field work, specimen collection, workup and vertebrae prepping. We received advice, support and guidance from many colleagues including: E. Levesque, G. Ulrich, J. Gelsleichter, J. Carlson, E. Cortes, L. Natanson, J. Neer and C. McCandless. K. Ware and J. Henne of Bears Bluff National Fish Hatchery were critical to age validation work. This work was conducted as part of the Master's in Environmental Science programme at the College of Charleston, and we thank committee members, A. Strand and S. Arnott as well as directors T. Callahan and M. McConnell for their support. Funding for this study was provided by the Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey (COASTSPAN) and, in part, by funding from the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Federal Aid for Sportfish Restoration Project Number F-43 and by State of Florida saltwater recreational fishing licence monies. Collection of specimens was performed under SCDNR Scientific Permit #2212, and as such this study was granted an IACUC exemption. We appreciate the guidance of the editors and two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved the manuscript. This is contribution 719 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 85 IS 3 BP 688 EP 712 DI 10.1111/jfb.12450 PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN8HR UT WOS:000340845500009 PM 25040650 ER PT J AU Shen, SSP Tafolla, N Smith, TM Arkin, PA AF Shen, Samuel S. P. Tafolla, Nancy Smith, Thomas M. Arkin, Phillip A. TI Multivariate Regression Reconstruction and Its Sampling Error for the Quasi-Global Annual Precipitation from 1900 to 2011 SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT GPCP; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SST DATA; EL-NINO; SATELLITE; PATTERNS; TRENDS; OCEAN AB This paper provides a multivariate regression method to estimate the sampling errors of the annual quasi-global (75 degrees S-75 degrees N) precipitation reconstructed by an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion. The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation data from 1979 to 2008 are used to calculate the EOFs. The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) gridded data (1900-2011) are used to calculate the regression coefficients for reconstructions. The sampling errors of the reconstruction are analyzed in detail for different EOF modes. The reconstructed time series of the global-average annual precipitation shows a 0.024 mm day(-1) (100 yr)(-1) trend, which is very close to the trend derived from the mean of 25 models of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Reconstruction examples of 1983 El Nino precipitation and 1917 La Nina precipitation demonstrate that the El Nino and La Nina precipitation patterns are well reflected in the first two EOFs. Although the validation in the GPCP period shows remarkable skill at predicting oceanic precipitation from land stations, the error pattern analysis through comparison between reconstruction and GHCN suggests the critical importance of improving oceanic measurement of precipitation. C1 [Shen, Samuel S. P.; Tafolla, Nancy] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shen, SSP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM sam.shen@sdsu.edu RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [EL133E09SE4048]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC002763]; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX This study was supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (Award EL133E09SE4048), the U.S. National Science Foundation (Awards AGS-1015926 and AGS-1015957), the U.S. Department of Energy (Award DE-SC002763), and a contract from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The revision suggestions from the anonymous referees have significantly helped improve the clarity of the paper. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 3250 EP 3268 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0301.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO3KC UT WOS:000341227100008 ER PT J AU Borrero-Lopez, O Pajares, A Constantino, PJ Lawn, BR AF Borrero-Lopez, Oscar Pajares, Antonia Constantino, Paul J. Lawn, Brian R. TI A model for predicting wear rates in tooth enamel SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Enamel wear; Tooth wear model; Wear rate; Diet ID HUMAN TEETH; CERAMICS; INDENTATION; DIET; FRACTURE; MAMMALS; DAMAGE; EVOLUTION; ATTRITION; HOMININS AB It is hypothesized that wear of enamel is sensitive to the presence of sharp particulates in oral fluids and masticated foods. To this end, a generic model for predicting wear rates in brittle materials is developed, with specific application to tooth enamel. Wear is assumed to result from an accumulation of elastic-plastic micro-asperity events. Integration over all such events leads to a wear rate relation analogous to Archard's law, but with allowance for variation in asperity angle and compliance. The coefficient K in this relation quantifies the wear severity, with an arbitrary distinction between 'mild' wear (low K) and 'severe' wear (high K). Data from the literature and in-house wear-test experiments on enamel specimens in lubricant media (water, oil) with and without sharp third-body particulates (silica, diamond) are used to validate the model. Measured wear rates can vary over several orders of magnitude, depending on contact asperity conditions, accounting for the occurrence of severe enamel removal in some human patients (bruxing). Expressions for the depth removal rate and number of cycles to wear down occlusal enamel in the low-crowned tooth forms of some mammals are derived, with tooth size and enamel thickness as key variables. The role of 'hard' versus 'soft' food diets in determining evolutionary paths in different hominin species is briefly considered. A feature of the model is that it does not require recourse to specific material removal mechanisms, although processes involving microplastic extrusion and microcrack coalescence are indicated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Borrero-Lopez, Oscar; Pajares, Antonia] Univ Extremadura, Dept Ingn Mecan Energet & Mat, Badajoz 06006, Spain. [Constantino, Paul J.; Lawn, Brian R.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA. [Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brianlawn@gmail.com RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [1118385] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance from Alberto Palomares in collecting the data shown in Fig. 5. We wish to thank Amalia Gonzalez Gil and Miguel Angel Espinosa Ruiz-Cabal for kindly providing dental samples from their clinic (Polidepa SL, Badajoz, Spain), and the Centro Tecnologico Industrial de Extemadura, CETIEX, for use of their profilometer. Yu Zhang and Herzl Chai contributed to discussions of this model. This study was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant #1118385). NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 EI 1878-0180 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.05.023 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AO0GM UT WOS:000340987100023 PM 24953823 ER PT J AU Do, T Murphy, G Earl, LA Del Prete, GQ Grandinetti, G Li, GH Estes, JD Rao, P Trubey, CM Thomas, J Spector, J Bliss, D Nath, A Lifson, JD Subramaniam, S AF Thao Do Murphy, Gavin Earl, Lesley A. Del Prete, Gregory Q. Grandinetti, Giovanna Li, Guan-Han Estes, Jacob D. Rao, Prashant Trubey, Charles M. Thomas, James Spector, Jeffrey Bliss, Donald Nath, Avindra Lifson, Jeffrey D. Subramaniam, Sriram TI Three-Dimensional Imaging of HIV-1 Virological Synapses Reveals Membrane Architectures Involved in Virus Transmission SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CELL TRANSMISSION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TYPE-1; ASTROCYTES; INFECTION; SPREAD; ENTRY; AIDS AB HIV transmission efficiency is greatly increased when viruses are transmitted at virological synapses formed between infected and uninfected cells. We have previously shown that virological synapses formed between HIV-pulsed mature dendritic cells (DCs) and uninfected T cells contain interdigitated membrane surfaces, with T cell filopodia extending toward virions sequestered deep inside invaginations formed on the DC membrane. To explore membrane structural changes relevant to HIV transmission across other types of intercellular conjugates, we used a combination of light and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to determine the three-dimensional (3D) architectures of contact regions between HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells and either uninfected human CD4(+) T cells or human fetal astrocytes. We present evidence that in each case, membrane extensions that originate from the uninfected cells, either as membrane sheets or filopodial bridges, are present and may be involved in HIV transmission from infected to uninfected cells. We show that individual virions are distributed along the length of astrocyte filopodia, suggesting that virus transfer to the astrocytes is mediated, at least in part, by processes originating from the astrocyte itself. Mechanisms that selectively disrupt the polarization and formation of such membrane extensions could thus represent a possible target for reducing viral spread. IMPORTANCE Our findings lead to new insights into unique aspects of HIV transmission in the brain and at T cell-T cell synapses, which are thought to be a predominant mode of rapid HIV transmission early in the infection process. C1 [Thao Do; Murphy, Gavin; Earl, Lesley A.; Grandinetti, Giovanna; Rao, Prashant; Subramaniam, Sriram] NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Del Prete, Gregory Q.; Estes, Jacob D.; Trubey, Charles M.; Thomas, James; Lifson, Jeffrey D.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab, AIDS & Canc Virus Program, Frederick, MD USA. [Li, Guan-Han; Nath, Avindra] NINDS, Sect Infect Nervous Syst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Spector, Jeffrey] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bliss, Donald] Natl Lib Med, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Subramaniam, S (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ss1@nih.gov RI sourisseau, marion/M-7542-2014 FU NIH IATAP program and Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; intramural program of the NIH, Bethesda, MD; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by funds from the NIH IATAP program and Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (to S.S.), from the intramural program of the NIH, Bethesda, MD (to A.N.), from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health contract HHSN261200800001E (to J.D.L.), and from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (to T.D.). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 88 IS 18 BP 10327 EP 10339 DI 10.1128/JVI.00788-14 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA AO3MQ UT WOS:000341234900007 PM 24965444 ER PT J AU Pfaller, JB Alfaro-Shigueto, J Balazs, GH Ishihara, T Kopitsky, K Mangel, JC Peckham, SH Bolten, AB Bjorndal, KA AF Pfaller, Joseph B. Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Balazs, George H. Ishihara, Takashi Kopitsky, Kerry Mangel, Jeffrey C. Peckham, S. Hoyt Bolten, Alan B. Bjorndal, Karen A. TI Hitchhikers reveal cryptic host behavior: new insights from the association between Planes major and sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; FEEDING HABITAT USE; CARETTA-CARETTA; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; COLUMBUS CRABS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; CARAPACE EPIBIONTS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION AB Studies that incorporate information from habitat-specific ecological interactions (e.g., epibiotic associations) can reveal valuable insights into the cryptic habitat-use patterns and behavior of marine vertebrates. Sea turtles, like other large, highly mobile marine vertebrates, are inherently difficult to study, and such information can inform the implementation of conservation measures. The presence of epipelagic epibionts, such as the flotsam crab Planes major, on sea turtles strongly suggests that neritic turtles have recently occupied epipelagic habitats (upper 200 m in areas with > 200 m depth) and that epipelagic turtles spend time at or near the surface. We quantified the effects of turtle species, turtle size, and habitat (neritic or epipelagic) on the frequency of epibiosis (F (0)) by P. major on sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean. In neritic habitats, we found that loggerhead (F (0) = 27.6 %) and olive ridley turtles (F (0) = 26.2 %) host crabs frequently across a wide range of body sizes, and green turtles almost never host crabs (F (0) = 0.7 %). These results suggest that loggerheads and olive ridleys display variable/flexible epipelagic-neritic transitions, while green turtles tend to transition unidirectionally at small body sizes. In epipelagic habitats, we found that loggerheads host crabs (F (0) = 92.9 %) more frequently than olive ridleys (F (0) = 50 %) and green turtles (F (0) = 38.5 %). These results suggest that epipelagic loggerheads tend to spend more time at or near the surface than epipelagic olive ridleys and green turtles. Results of this study reveal new insights into habitat-use patterns and behavior of sea turtles and display how epibiont data can supplement data from more advanced technologies to gain a better understanding of the ecology of marine vertebrates during cryptic life stages. C1 [Pfaller, Joseph B.; Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pfaller, Joseph B.] Caretta Res Project, Savannah, GA 31412 USA. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] ProDelphinus, Lima 630204 18, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Marine Turtle Res Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Ishihara, Takashi] Sea Turtle Assoc Japan, Osaka, Japan. [Ishihara, Takashi] Suma Aqualife Pk, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Kopitsky, Kerry] Rising Tides Restorat, Dover, DE 19904 USA. [Peckham, S. Hoyt] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pfaller, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jpfaller@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 161 IS 9 BP 2167 EP 2178 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2498-3 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN8QT UT WOS:000340869600017 ER PT J AU Serrano, X Baums, IB O'Reilly, K Smith, TB Jones, RJ Shearer, TL Nunes, FLD Baker, AC AF Serrano, X. Baums, I. B. O'Reilly, K. Smith, T. B. Jones, R. J. Shearer, T. L. Nunes, F. L. D. Baker, A. C. TI Geographic differences in vertical connectivity in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa despite high levels of horizontal connectivity at shallow depths SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; cnidarians; conservation genetics; deep reef refugia hypothesis; great star coral; mesophotic; population genetics-empirical ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; BROODING CORAL; DEEP REEFS; SYMBIODINIUM; DIVERSITY; PROGRAM; LIGHT AB The deep reef refugia hypothesis proposes that deep reefs can act as local recruitment sources for shallow reefs following disturbance. To test this hypothesis, nine polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci were developed and used to assess vertical connectivity in 583 coral colonies of the Caribbean depth-generalist coral Montastraea cavernosa. Samples were collected from three depth zones (<= 10, 15-20 and >= 25 m) at sites in Florida (within the Upper Keys, Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas), Bermuda, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Migration rates were estimated to determine the probability of coral larval migration from shallow to deep and from deep to shallow. Finally, algal symbiont (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity and distribution were assessed in a subset of corals to test whether symbiont depth zonation might indicate limited vertical connectivity. Overall, analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation by depth in Florida, but not in Bermuda or the U.S. Virgin Islands, despite high levels of horizontal connectivity between these geographic locations at shallow depths. Within Florida, greater vertical connectivity was observed in the Dry Tortugas compared to the Lower or Upper Keys. However, at all sites, and regardless of the extent of vertical connectivity, migration occurred asymmetrically, with greater likelihood of migration from shallow to intermediate/deep habitats. Finally, most colonies hosted a single Symbiodinium type (C3), ruling out symbiont depth zonation of the dominant symbiont type as a structuring factor. Together, these findings suggest that the potential for shallow reefs to recover from deep-water refugia in M. cavernosa is location-specific, varying among and within geographic locations likely as a consequence of local hydrology. C1 [Serrano, X.; O'Reilly, K.; Baker, A. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baums, I. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smith, T. B.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Jones, R. J.] UWA Oceans Inst, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Shearer, T. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nunes, F. L. D.] Univ Geneva, Dept Genet & Evolut, Lab Artificial & Nat Evolut, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Nunes, F. L. D.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Lab Sci Environm Marin, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Serrano, X (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xserrano@rsmas.miami.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; Nunes, Flavia/B-5041-2011; Serrano, Xaymara/A-4660-2017; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; Nunes, Flavia/0000-0002-3947-6634; Serrano, Xaymara/0000-0002-8789-9818; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149 FU MOTE (Protect Our Reefs Grants); NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA11NOS4780045]; McKnight Doctoral Fellowship; BIOS; Alumni Award; RSMAS; NOAA's LMRCSC FX The authors thank M. Durante, N. Polato, D. Ruiz and C. Vera for help with the 454 sequencing data. M. Moon, N. Kurata, H. Wirshing, P. Jones, R. Cunning, R. Silverstein, R. Winter and A. Palacio helped in the laboratory. Field assistance was provided by R. Gomez, D. Lirman, T. Thyberg, S. Manley, S. Grey, J. Calnan and the crew at BIOS (in particular C. Eddy, T. Noyes and A. Chequer). Sampling in the Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas was completed thanks to the help of D. Swanson and the International SeaKeepers Society, in particular, D. Klevan, B. Stockman, J. Jacoby and the crew of Miss Phebe II. Special thanks go to P. Beerli for statistical assistance with the program MIGRATE. Finally, the authors would like to thank PSU's Genomics Core Facility for the 454 sequencing, and UM's Molecular Core Facility and Cornell's Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center for the genotyping and sequencing. Samples from the Florida Keys were collected under research permits FKNMS-2002-011, FKNMS-2010-030A1, FKNMS-2011-087, SAL-11-1182-SRP and DRTO-2012-SCI-0009. Samples from the USVI were collected under permits F/SER28:BT and STT-021-10. Samples from Bermuda were collected and exported under permits SP09060 and CITES 09BM0021. This research was supported with funds from MOTE (Protect Our Reefs Grants 2009-2012) and NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award NA11NOS4780045 to the University of Miami. X. Serrano was supported by a McKnight Doctoral Fellowship, a BIOS Grant-in-Aid (2009), an Alumni Award and small boat funding from RSMAS, and funding from NOAA's LMRCSC. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 7 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4226 EP 4240 DI 10.1111/mec.12861 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AO2SN UT WOS:000341176200007 PM 25039722 ER PT J AU Johnson, RH Schumacher, RS Ruppert, JH Lindsey, DT Ruthford, JE Kriederman, L AF Johnson, Richard H. Schumacher, Russ S. Ruppert, James H., Jr. Lindsey, Daniel T. Ruthford, Julia E. Kriederman, Lisa TI The Role of Convective Outflow in the Waldo Canyon Fire SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES AB The meteorological conditions associated with the rapid intensification and spread of the catastrophic Waldo Canyon fire on 26 June 2012 are studied. The fire caused two fatalities, destroyed 347 homes in Colorado Springs, and resulted in insurance losses of nearly $0.5 billion (U.S. dollars), making it the most economically destructive fire in Colorado's history. While the fire was first discovered on 23 June, the paper focuses on 26 June, when it grew explosively and rapidly advanced eastward into a heavily populated area on the west side of Colorado Springs. Near-record hot and dry conditions prevailed over the Intermountain West prior to the fire, along with a persistent upper-level ridge. On 26 June, a narrow tongue of moist air aloft originating over the Southwest shifted from Utah into Colorado. Dry conditions at low levels and moisture aloft set the stage for strong microburst-producing thunderstorms to develop over Colorado. Convective cells first formed at midday over the San Juan Mountains, later consolidating into a thunderstorm complex that produced an organized convective outflow with strong, gusty winds at the surface. The leading gust front associated with the outflow moved past the Waldo Canyon fire at the hottest time of the day with recorded wind gusts up to 26 m s(-1). The rapid eastward advance of the fire, as well as an onset of pyrocumulonimbus and lightning activity, was timed with the passage of the gust front. A numerical simulation, initiated one day earlier, produced mesoscale features closely resembling those observed, including the gust front passage at the fire and the vertical structure of the convective outflow. C1 [Johnson, Richard H.; Schumacher, Russ S.; Ruppert, James H., Jr.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ruthford, Julia E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Charleston, WV USA. [Kriederman, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Denver, CO USA. RP Johnson, RH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 200 West Lake St,1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM johnson@atmos.colostate.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1059899] FX The IMETs gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the NWS Pueblo Weather Forecast Office for providing critical weather information and support throughout the fire. Thorough reviews by three referees led to substantial improvements in the paper. We thank the National Weather Service Forecast Office Pueblo for supplying the original version of Fig. 2. The office is acknowledged for providing critical forecasting support for the fire. We also thank Tim Lang for his helpful comments on the lightning behavior of the fire. This research has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1059899. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3061 EP 3080 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00361.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100003 ER PT J AU Colle, BA Stark, D Yuter, SE AF Colle, Brian A. Stark, David Yuter, Sandra E. TI Surface Microphysical Observations within East Coast Winter Storms on Long Island, New York SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; NORTHERN COLORADO; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SNOW CRYSTALS; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CLOUD WATER; MOUNTAINS; MESOSCALE; DENSITY AB Surface observations of ice habit and degree of riming were measured for 12 cyclone events over 3 winter seasons at Stony Brook, New York, on the northeast coast of the United States. A total of 205.6 cm of snow accumulated during these storms, with an average degree of riming of 1.25 (out of 5) and snow-to-liquid ratio ranging from 3:1 to 17:1. There were consistent spatial patterns of habit and riming intensity relative to the cyclone structure. Cold-type habits (side planes and bullets) commonly occurred within the outer comma head to the north and northeast of the cyclone center. In the middle of the comma head, moderately rimed dendrites, plates, and needles were observed. Close to the cyclone center, heavy riming was observed with needles and graupel. The western quadrant of the comma head had primarily plates and dendrites with little to no riming. Periods of light riming and high snow liquid ratios (>= 13:1) are dominated by cold-type habits, dendrites, and plates and have similar vertical motion and synoptic characteristics inferred from 13-km Rapid Update Cycle analyses. Maximum vertical motion occurred in a region of favored ice growth and less supercooled water (from -15 degrees to 25 degrees C). During heavy riming periods, needles and graupel are dominant and the vertical motion maximum occurs at temperatures from 0 degrees to -5 degrees C. Vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar indicates stronger vertical motions and turbulence for heavy riming as opposed to light rimming periods. Periods with low snow-to-liquid ratio (<= 7:1) were observed to occur either as heavy rimed particles or as light riming of compact habits such as sideplanes, bullets, and needles. C1 [Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stark, David] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, New York, NY USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Colle, BA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM brian.colle@stonybrook.edu RI Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0908288, AGS-1347499, AGS-0908420, AGS-1347491] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped to improve the paper. We also thank Dr. Andrew Molthan for his comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Special thanks to Dr. Gordon Taylor for allowing us the use of his microscope and camera throughout the observational portion of this study and to Andrew Hall and Spencer Rhodes for their technical support with the MRR data. This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-0908288 and AGS-1347499 (for Colle) and Grants AGS-0908420 and AGS-1347491 (for Yuter). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3126 EP 3146 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00035.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100006 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Moore, BJ Ralph, FM Spackman, JR Ward, B AF Neiman, Paul J. Wick, Gary A. Moore, Benjamin J. Ralph, F. Martin Spackman, J. Ryan Ward, Bill TI An Airborne Study of an Atmospheric River over the Subtropical Pacific during WISPAR: Dropsonde Budget-Box Diagnostics and Precipitation Impacts in Hawaii SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EXTREME PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; WINTER; STORM; WATER; VARIABILITY; CONNECTION; CALIFORNIA; CYCLONES; SCALE AB The Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) experiment was carried out in January-March 2011 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center as a demonstration for utilizing unmanned aerial systems in meteorological research and operations over data-sparse oceans. One of the campaign's three missions was coordinated with a manned National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulfstream-IV (G-IV) flight out of Honolulu, Hawaii, on 3-4 March 2011. The G-IV, which flew through a developing atmospheric river (AR) west of Hawaii, represents the cornerstone observing platform for this study and provided the southernmost dropsonde observations of an AR published to date in the subtropical Northern Hemisphere. The AR exhibited characteristics comparable to those observed in previous studies farther north in the subtropics and midlatitudes, save for larger integrated water vapor and weaker winds in the AR core and stronger equatorward vapor fluxes in the shallow post-cold-frontal northeasterly flow. Eight dropsondes released in a similar to 200-km-wide box formation provided a novel kinematic assessment of tropospheric vorticity, divergence (mass, water vapor, sensible heat), and vertical velocity in the AR region, as well as sea surface fluxes. The budget-box diagnostics were physically consistent with global-gridded reanalysis datasets, while also providing useful additional kinematic and thermodynamic information on the mesoscale. Meteorological impacts of the AR were assessed on Hawaii's island of Kauai, where the state's heaviest rainfall was observed for this case. Rainfall on Kauai was modulated significantly by its steep orography, including on the normally dry side of the island where heavy rains fell. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ward, Bill] NOAA, NWS, Pacific Reg Headquarters, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3199 EP 3223 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00383.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100010 ER PT J AU Wheatley, DM Yussouf, N Stensrud, DJ AF Wheatley, Dustan M. Yussouf, Nusrat Stensrud, David J. TI Ensemble Kalman Filter Analyses and Forecasts of a Severe Mesoscale Convective System Using Different Choices of Microphysics Schemes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 2-MOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; WARN-ON-FORECAST; RADAR DATA; SQUALL-LINE; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; INITIAL CONDITION; REAR-INFLOW; PART I AB A Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)-based ensemble data assimilation system is used to produce storm-scale analyses and forecasts of the 4-5 July 2003 severe mesoscale convective system (MCS) over Indiana and Ohio, which produced numerous high wind reports across the two states. Single-Doppler observations are assimilated into a 36-member, storm-scale ensemble during the developing stage of the MCS with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach encoded in the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The storm-scale ensemble is constructed from mesoscale EnKF analyses produced from the assimilation of routinely available observations from land and marine stations, rawinsondes, and aircraft, in an attempt to better represent the complex mesoscale environment for this event. Three EnKF simulations were performed using the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) one- and two-moment and Thompson microphysical schemes. All three experiments produce a linear convective segment at the final analysis time, similar to the observed system at 2300 UTC 4 July 2003. The higher-order schemes in particular, the Thompson scheme are better able to produce short-range forecasts of both the convective and stratiform components of the observed bowing MCS, and produce the smallest temperature errors when comparing surface observations and dropsonde data to corresponding model data. Only the higher-order microphysical schemes produce any appreciable rear-to-front flow in the stratiform precipitation region that trailed the simulated systems. Forecast performance by the three microphysics schemes is discussed in context of differences in microphysical composition produced in the stratiform precipitation regions of the rearward expanding MCSs. C1 [Wheatley, Dustan M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wheatley, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dustan.wheatley@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER). The authors appreciate the efforts of Kevin Manross in providing the quality-controlled and dealiased radar data used to conduct this research. The authors would also like to thank staff from the Data Assimilation Research Section (DAReS) and WRF Help at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for their user support. The comments and suggestions of the three anonymous reviewers were helpful in clarifying many parts of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3243 EP 3263 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00260.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100012 ER PT J AU Gao, JD Stensrud, DJ AF Gao, Jidong Stensrud, David J. TI Some Observing System Simulation Experiments with a Hybrid 3DEnVAR System for Storm-Scale Radar Data Assimilation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PART II; DOPPLER RADAR; CONVECTIVE-SCALE; CLOUD MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB A hybrid three-dimensional ensemble variational data assimilation (3DEnVAR) algorithm is developed based on the 3D variational data assimilation (3D VAR) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) programs with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). The method uses the extended control variable approach to combine the static and ensemble-derived flow-dependent forecast error covariances. The method is applied to the assimilation of simulated data from two radars for a supercell storm. Some sensitivity experiments are performed to answer questions about how flow-dependent covariance estimated from the forecast ensemble can be best used in the hybrid 3DEnVAR scheme. When the ensemble size is relatively small (with 5 or 10 ensemble members), it is found that experiments with a weaker weighting value for the ensemble covariance leads to better analysis results. Even when severe sampling errors exist, introducing ensemble-estimated covariances into the variational method still benefits the analysis. For reasonably large ensemble sizes (50-100 members), a stronger relative weighting (>0.8) for the ensemble covariance leads to better analyses from the hybrid 3DEnVAR. In addition, the sensitivity experiments also indicate that the best results are obtained when the number of the augmented control variables is a function of three spatial dimensions and ensemble members, and is the same for all analysis variables. C1 [Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov FU NOAA Warn-on-Forecast Project; NSF [AGS-0802888, AGS-1341878] FX This research was funded by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast Project. The first author was partially supported by NSF Grants AGS-0802888 and AGS-1341878. This paper has benefited from the detailed and insightful comments from David Dowell and two other anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3326 EP 3346 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00025.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100016 ER PT J AU Singh, R Madan, J Kumar, R AF Singh, Ranjit Madan, Jatinder Kumar, Rajesh TI Automated identification of complex undercut features for side-core design for die-casting parts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE Die casting; complex undercut features; feature recognition; side-core design; release direction ID INJECTION-MOLDED PARTS; FEATURE RECOGNITION; CAD; DIRECTION; SURFACE; LINE AB This article describes automated identification, classification, division and determination of release direction of complex undercut features of die-cast parts. The proposed system uses the concepts of visibility and accessibility to identify undercut features from a B-rep model of a die-casting part. The undercut features are then classified using a rule-based algorithm. Thereafter, the identified complex undercut features are separated into simple ones. Finally, the release direction for each simple undercut feature is determined and those having common release direction are grouped. The proposed system is implemented on case study die-cast parts, and the results are verified. This article would help bridge the design-manufacturing integration gaps in the die-casting process. C1 [Singh, Ranjit; Madan, Jatinder; Kumar, Rajesh] St Longowal Inst Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Longowal, India. [Singh, Ranjit] Sri Guru Granth Sahib World Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India. [Madan, Jatinder] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Sri Guru Granth Sahib World Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India. EM erranjitsingh@gmail.com NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4054 EI 2041-2975 J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 228 IS 9 SI SI BP 1138 EP 1152 DI 10.1177/0954405413514744 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AN6TG UT WOS:000340729600015 ER PT J AU Jordan, SP Lee, KSM Preskill, J AF Jordan, Stephen P. Lee, Keith S. M. Preskill, John TI QUANTUM COMPUTATION OF SCATTERING IN SCALAR QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE quantum algorithm; simulation; quantum field theory ID BOREL SUMMABILITY; MATRIX MULTIPLICATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; OPTICAL LATTICES; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; WIGHTMAN AXIOMS; CRITICAL-POINT; MASS GAP; P (PHI)2 AB Quantum field theory provides the framework for the most fundamental physical theories to be confirmed experimentally and has enabled predictions of unprecedented precision. However, calculations of physical observables often require great computational complexity and can generally be performed only when the interaction strength is weak. A full understanding of the foundations and rich consequences of quantum field theory remains an outstanding challenge. We develop a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering amplitudes in massive phi(4) theory in spacetime of four and fewer dimensions. The algorithm runs in a time that is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong coupling. Thus, it offers exponential speedup over existing classical methods at high precision or strong coupling. C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Keith S. M.] Univ Waterloo, Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Lee, Keith S. M.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Lee, Keith S. M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Preskill, John] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF [PHY-0803371, PHY-0854782]; DOE [DE-FG03-92-ER40701]; NSA/ARO [W911NF-09-1-0442]; Sherman Fairchild Foundation FX We thank Alexey Gorshkov for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NSF grant PHY-0803371, DOE grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and NSA/ARO grant W911NF-09-1-0442. Much of this work was done while S.J. was at the Institute for Quantum Information (IQI), Caltech, supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. K.L. was supported in part by NSF grant PHY-0854782. He is grateful for the hospitality of the IQI, Caltech, during parts of this work. NR 97 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11-12 BP 1014 EP 1080 PG 67 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AN4SW UT WOS:000340579800008 ER PT J AU Blomquist, BW Huebert, BJ Fairall, CW Bariteau, L Edson, JB Hare, JE McGillis, WR AF Blomquist, Byron W. Huebert, Barry J. Fairall, Christopher W. Bariteau, Ludovic Edson, James B. Hare, Jeffrey E. McGillis, Wade R. TI Advances in Air-Sea Flux Measurement by Eddy Correlation SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea gas exchange; Carbon dioxide; Cavity ring-down spectrometer; Eddy correlation; Flux measurement; Infrared gas analyzer ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; CAVITY-OUTPUT SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-VAPOR; CO2 FLUX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRY DEPOSITION AB Eddy-correlation measurements of the oceanic flux are useful for the development and validation of air-sea gas exchange models and for analysis of the marine carbon cycle. Results from more than a decade of published work and from two recent field programs illustrate the principal interferences from water vapour and motion, demonstrating experimental approaches for improving measurement precision and accuracy. Water vapour cross-sensitivity is the greatest source of error for flux measurements using infrared gas analyzers, often leading to a ten-fold bias in the measured flux. Much of this error is not related to optical contamination, as previously supposed. While various correction schemes have been demonstrated, the use of an air dryer and closed-path analyzer is the most effective way to eliminate this interference. This approach also obviates density corrections described by Webb et al. (Q J R Meteorol 106:85-100, 1980). Signal lag and frequency response are a concern with closed-path systems, but periodic gas pulses at the inlet tip provide for precise determination of lag time and frequency attenuation. Flux attenuation corrections are shown to be 5 % for a cavity ring-down analyzer (CRDS) and dryer with a 60-m inlet line. The estimated flux detection limit for the CRDS analyzer and dryer is a factor of ten better than for IRGAs sampling moist air. While ship-motion interference is apparent with all analyzers tested in this study, decorrelation or regression methods are effective in removing most of this bias from IRGA measurements and may also be applicable to the CRDS. C1 [Blomquist, Byron W.; Huebert, Barry J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bariteau, Ludovic] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edson, James B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Hare, Jeffrey E.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McGillis, Wade R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Blomquist, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM blomquis@hawaii.edu FU NSF [AGS-1036062]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0546]; NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NSF grant AGS-1036062, the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-10-1-0546 and the NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division. We are also grateful for the support and assistance of the officers and crew of the R/V Roger Revelle and R/V Ka'imimoana. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 152 IS 3 BP 245 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s10546-014-9926-2 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2JI UT WOS:000340410600001 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, MW Baums, IB AF Williams, Dana E. Miller, M. W. Baums, I. B. TI Cryptic changes in the genetic structure of a highly clonal coral population and the relationship with ecological performance SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Genotype; Disease; Predation; Florida Keys; Acropora palmata ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ACROPORA-PALMATA; CARIBBEAN CORAL; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY; THERMAL-STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISTURBANCE AB Elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, relies heavily on clonal propagation and often displays low genotypic (clonal) diversity. Populations in the Florida Keys experienced rapid declines in tissue cover between 2004 and 2006, largely due to hurricanes and disease, but remained stable from 2006 to 2010. All elkhorn colonies in 150 m(2) permanent study plots were genotyped in 2006 (n = 15 plots) and 2010 (n = 24 plots), and plots sampled in both years were examined for changes in allelic and genotypic diversity during this period of stable ecological abundance. Overall, genetic diversity of Florida plots was low and declined further over the 4-yr period; seven of the 36 original genets and two of 67 alleles (among five microsatellite loci) were lost completely from the sampled population, and an additional 15 alleles were lost from individual reefs. In 2010, Florida plots (similar to 19 colonies) contained an average of 2.2 +/- A 1.38 (mean +/- A SD) genets with a significant negative correlation between colony abundance and genotypic diversity. When scaled to total tissue abundance, genotypic diversity is even lower, with 43 % of genets below the size of sexual maturity. We examined the hypothesized positive relationship of local genotypic diversity with ecological performance measures. In Florida plots (n = 15), genotypic diversity was not significantly correlated with tissue loss associated with chronic predation, nor with acute disease and storm-fragmentation events, though this relationship may be obscured by the low range of observed diversity and potential confounding with abundance. When more diverse plots in Cura double dagger ao (n = 9) were examined, genotypic diversity was not significantly correlated with resistance during an acute storm disturbance or rate of recovery following disturbance. Cryptic loss of genetic diversity occurred in the apparently stable Florida population and confirms that stable or even increasing abundance does not necessarily indicate genetic stability. C1 [Williams, Dana E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, Dana E.; Miller, M. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baums, I. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 FU National Undersea Research Center; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA Fisheries' Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NSF [OCE-0825979] FX This work was funded by National Undersea Research Center (2004-2006), NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (2006-2010) and NOAA Fisheries' Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division, NSF grant OCE-0825979 and permitted by Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. M. Devlin-Durante expertly extracted and genotyped samples. Field assistance from A. Bright, C. Cameron, K. Erickson, C. Fasano, L. Johnston, K. L. Kramer, B. Mason, and R. Wilborn is gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 595 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1157-y PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2DZ UT WOS:000340395300005 ER PT J AU Couch, CS Garriques, JD Barnett, C Preskitt, L Cotton, S Giddens, J Walsh, W AF Couch, C. S. Garriques, J. D. Barnett, C. Preskitt, L. Cotton, S. Giddens, J. Walsh, W. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of coral health and disease along leeward Hawai'i Island SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Coral disease patterns; Hawai'i; Porites; Growth anomaly; Trematodiasis; Predation; Algal overgrowth ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; BLACK BAND DISEASE; GROWTH ANOMALIES; INDO-PACIFIC; KANEOHE BAY; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; PORITES-COMPRESSA; DYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; ABUNDANCE AB Ecological processes including disease, competition for space, and predation strongly influence coral reef health from the colony to reef level. The leeward/west coast of the island of Hawai'i consists of the largest expanse of intact reefs in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), yet little is known about the health of its coral communities. We measured prevalence of coral diseases and non-disease conditions at nine regions across two depths in the summer and winter months between 2010 and 2011. We also assessed long-term changes in coral cover (2003-2011). Mean prevalence of chronic diseases was 5-21 times greater than previously reported for the MHI. Coral health varied minimally across survey months with mild seasonality only detected in algal overgrowth (ALOG). Coral health varied considerably by depth and site, and was primarily driven by the most prevalent and common conditions: Porites growth anomalies (13.7 +/- A 0.82 %), Porites trematodiasis (9.5 +/- A 0.90 %), discoloration (5.6 +/- A 0.33 %), ALOG (9.9 +/- A 0.54 %), and gastropod predation (2.4 +/- A 0.23). While several conditions were significantly elevated in shallow zones, unique site x depth interactions suggest that specific site-level factors are driving prevalence. At the coast-wide level, percentage of coral cover did not change significantly between 2003 and 2011, but decreased significantly at two sites and increased at one site. Based on coral cover decline and high prevalence of certain coral health conditions, we identified four regions of concern (PuakAi, Mauna Lani, Ka'A << pA << lehu, and HAinaunau). The high spatial variation in coral health not only advances our understanding of coral disease ecology, but also supports reef resilience planning by identifying vulnerable areas that would benefit most from targeted conservation and management efforts. C1 [Couch, C. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Couch, C. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96734 USA. [Garriques, J. D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Barnett, C.; Preskitt, L.; Cotton, S.; Walsh, W.] Hawaii Div Aquat Resources, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. [Giddens, J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Fishery Ecol Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Couch, CS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM courtneyscouch@gmail.com FU Kohala Center; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program [NA09NMF4630121, NA09NOS4260100]; NSF; Cornell University FX Special thanks to K. Gaab, N. Rozet, L. Kramer, G. Key, R. Martin, B. Carmen, K. Osada-D'Avella, and Kona Diving Company for field support. We also thank C. D. Harvell, G. Aeby, E. Weil, L. Raymundo, and M. Takabayashi for helpful feedback on project development. We are grateful to D. Ruiz Moreno and M. Donahue for assistance with statistical analyses. This study was generously supported by The Kohala Center, The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program (Grant # NA09NMF4630121 to C. D. Harvell & NA09NOS4260100 to Hawai'i DAR), NSF Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to C. Couch and Cornell University. Thanks to C. D. Harvell, E. Peters, M. Mouchka, A. Tracy, C. Burge, I. Hewson, and J. Thaler for manuscript review. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1174-x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2DZ UT WOS:000340395300015 ER PT J AU Garcia, RN Chung, KW DeLorenzo, ME Currany, MC AF Garcia, Robin N. Chung, Katy W. DeLorenzo, Marie E. Currany, M. Carla TI INDIVIDUAL AND MIXTURE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND SULFAMETHOXAZOLE ON THE DAGGERBLADE GRASS SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIO FOLLOWING MATERNAL EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Caffeine; Sulfamethoxazole; Mixture; Toxicity; Palaemonetes pugio ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; SURFACE WATERS; LIFE STAGES; PHARMACEUTICALS; PERFORMANCE; ENDOSULFAN; ESTUARINE; FIPRONIL AB Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) such as caffeine and sulfamethoxazole have been detected in the estuarine environment. The present study characterized effects of a maternal exposure of these compounds on the development of the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio from embryo to juvenile life stage. Ovigerous females were exposed to either caffeine (20 mg/L), sulfamethoxazole (60 mg/L), or a mixture of both (20 mg/L caffeine and 60 mg/L sulfamethoxazole). Embryos were then removed from the females and the effects of the PPCPs on hatching, metamorphosis, juvenile growth, and overall mortality were determined. No significant effect was observed on gravid female survival after 5 d of exposure to caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, or the mixture; however, development of the embryos on the female shrimp was delayed in the mixture. Caffeine and sulfamethoxazole in the mixture significantly reduced embryo survival. There was a significant effect of caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and the mixture on embryo hatching time. Exposure to sulfamethoxazole alone significantly delayed larval metamorphosis. Exposure to caffeine and sulfamethoxazole separately led to significantly smaller length of juvenile shrimp. Maternal exposure to caffeine and sulfamethoxazole, individually and in mixture, resulted in negative effects on P. pugio offspring survival and development; however, the concentrations tested in the present study were well above maximum detected field concentrations. These results may be incorporated into PPCP risk assessments to protect sensitive estuarine ecosystems more effectively. (C) 2014 SETAC C1 [Garcia, Robin N.; Currany, M. Carla] Savannah State Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Savannah, GA USA. [Chung, Katy W.; DeLorenzo, Marie E.] Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU US Department of Education [P382G090003] FX We thank the US Department of Education Title VII program for grant P382G090003 awarded to M.C. Curran. We also thank P. Key and M. Fulton at the Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research in Charleston, SC, USA for their assistance in completing this project. This publication is also listed as Contribution Number 1701 Waiting for contribution number from M. C. Curran of the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Science, University of South Carolina. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2120 EP 2125 DI 10.1002/etc.2669 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AN4DI UT WOS:000340537400027 PM 24932500 ER PT J AU Lirman, D Thyberg, T Santos, R Schopmeyer, S Drury, C Collado-Vides, L Bellmund, S Serafy, J AF Lirman, D. Thyberg, T. Santos, R. Schopmeyer, S. Drury, C. Collado-Vides, L. Bellmund, S. Serafy, J. TI SAV Communities of Western Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida, USA: Human and Natural Drivers of Seagrass and Macroalgae Abundance and Distribution Along a Continuous Shoreline SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE SAV; Salinity; Nutrients; Everglades restoration; Biscayne Bay; Macroalgae ID LONG-TERM TRENDS; N-P RATIOS; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; WATER-QUALITY; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; DIE-OFF; BENTHIC MACROALGAE; ESTUARIES; SALINITY; LIMITATION AB Nearshore benthic habitats of Biscayne Bay fit the prediction of communities at risk due to their location adjacent to a large metropolitan center (Miami) and being influenced by changes in hydrology through the activities of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). We examine whether the proposed programmatic expansion of mesohaline salinities through the introduction of additional fresh water would result in: (1) increases in seagrass cover; (2) expansion in the distribution and cover of Halodule; and (3) a reduction in the dominance of Thalassia, as hypothesized by CERP. Seagrasses were present at 98 % of sites where they covered 23 % of the bottom. Salinity was the only physical variable with a significant relationship to the occurrence of all SAV taxa. Occurrence of Thalassia, Halimeda, and Penicillus increased significantly with increasing salinity, but Halodule, Syringodium, Laurencia, Udotea, Batophora, Caulerpa, and Acetabularia showed a significant negative relationship with salinity. Mesohaline habitats had higher cover of seagrass and Halodule, and reduced dominance by Thalassia. Thus, we expect increases in the extent of mesohaline habitats to achieve the established CERP goals. We also examined the nutrient content of seagrass blades to evaluate whether: (1) nutrient availability is higher in areas close to canal discharges; and (2) tissue nutrient levels are related to seagrass abundance. The low abundance of Thalassia along the shoreline is not only due to its exclusion from low-salinity environments but also by higher nutrient availability that favors Halodule. Percent N and P, and N:P ratios in seagrass tissue suggest that Biscayne Bay receives high N inputs and is P-limited. Thus, increased P availability may facilitate an expansion of Halodule. The data presented suggest that increased mesohaline salinities will increase seagrass abundance and support co-dominance by Halodule and Thalassia as hypothesized, but raise concerns that current high N availability and increases in P may prompt a shift away from seagrass-dominated to algal-dominated communities under scenarios of enhanced fresh water inputs. C1 [Lirman, D.; Thyberg, T.; Santos, R.; Schopmeyer, S.; Drury, C.; Serafy, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Collado-Vides, L.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Bellmund, S.] Biscayne Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. [Serafy, J.] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lirman, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu FU Army Corps of Engineers; US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative; RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP) FX We are indebted to our collaborators G. DeAngelo, J. Browder, C. Hill, B. Huntington, J. Herlan, N. Formel, T. Jackson, and G. Liehr for their help in the field and the lab. This research was conducted under permit BISC-2011-SCI-0028. Funding was provided by the Army Corps of Engineers, the US Department of the Interior's Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative, and the RECOVER Monitoring and Assessment Program (MAP). We thank the anonymous reviewers of this study as well as Dr. Marba for their insightful suggestions. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1255 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9769-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN3MR UT WOS:000340492800014 ER PT J AU Ardren, WR Busack, C Kocik, JF AF Ardren, William R. Busack, Craig Kocik, John F. TI Collaboration between Atlantic and Pacific salmon biologists to enhance recovery of endangered salmon in North America SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILD; CONSERVATION; HATCHERIES; MANAGEMENT; FITNESS C1 [Ardren, William R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Busack, Craig] NOAA, Anadromous Prod & Inland Fisheries Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, West Coast Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Kocik, John F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Ardren, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western New England Complex,11 Lincoln St, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. EM william_ardren@fws.gov; craig.busack@noaa.gov; john.kocik@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9365-7 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200001 ER PT J AU Sloat, MR Fraser, DJ Dunham, JB Falke, JA Jordan, CE McMillan, JR Ohms, HA AF Sloat, Matthew R. Fraser, Dylan J. Dunham, Jason B. Falke, Jeffrey A. Jordan, Chris E. McMillan, John R. Ohms, Haley A. TI Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Oncorhynchus; Salmo; Conservation; Maturation; Life history; Diversity; Oncorhynchus Resilience ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT; SEXUAL-MATURATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; REACTION NORMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR L; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES AB Reproductive tactics and migratory strategies in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines are inextricably linked through the effects of migration (or lack thereof) on age and size at maturity. In this review, we focus on the ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in salmonines, a key process resulting in the diversification of their life histories. We demonstrate that the energetics of maturation and reproduction provides a unifying theme for understanding both the proximate and ultimate causes of variation in reproductive schedules among species, populations, and the sexes. We use probabilistic maturation reaction norms to illustrate how variation in individual condition, in terms of body size, growth rate, and lipid storage, influences the timing of maturation. This useful framework integrates both genetic and environmental contributions to conditional strategies for maturation and, in doing so, demonstrates how flexible life histories can be both heritable and subject to strong environmental influences. We review evidence that the propensity for freshwater maturation in partially anadromous species is predictable across environmental gradients at geographic and local spatial scales. We note that growth is commonly associated with the propensity for freshwater maturation, but that life-history responses to changes in growth caused by temperature may be strikingly different than changes caused by differences in food availability. We conclude by exploring how contemporary management actions can constrain or promote the diversity of maturation phenotypes in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines and caution against underestimating the role of freshwater maturing forms in maintaining the resiliency of these iconic species. C1 [Sloat, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fraser, Dylan J.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Dunham, Jason B.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Falke, Jeffrey A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McMillan, John R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ohms, Haley A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sloat, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Management, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.sloat@oregonstate.edu NR 138 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 689 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200002 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Goulette, G Hawkes, J O'Malley, M Lipsky, C AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. Goulette, Graham Hawkes, James O'Malley, Michael Lipsky, Christine TI Juvenile salmon in estuaries: comparisons between North American Atlantic and Pacific salmon populations SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Pacific salmon; Estuaries; Columbia River; Penobscot River ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; SALAR POST-SMOLTS; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SUB-ARCTIC RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; PENOBSCOT RIVER; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR AB All anadromous fishes, including juvenile salmon, encounter estuarine habitats as they transition from riverine to marine environments. We compare the estuarine use between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Penobscot River estuary and Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River estuary. Both estuaries have been degraded by anthropogenic activities. Atlantic and Pacific salmon populations in both basins rely heavily on hatchery inputs for persistence. Pacific salmon, as a group, represent a continuum of estuarine use, from species that move through rapidly to those that make extensive use of estuarine habitats. While Atlantic salmon estuarine use is predominantly similar to rapidly moving Pacific salmon, they can exhibit nearly the entire range of Pacific salmon estuarine use. Both slow and rapidly migrating Atlantic and Pacific salmon actively feed in estuarine environments, consuming insect and invertebrate prey. Interactions between juvenile salmon and estuarine fish communities are poorly understood in both estuaries, although they experience similar avian and marine mammal predators. Estuaries are clearly important for Atlantic and Pacific salmon, yet our understanding of this use is currently insufficient to make informed judgments about habitat quality or overall estuary health. This review of salmonid migration through and residency within estuaries identifies actions that could hasten restoration of both Atlantic and Pacific salmon populations. C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Goulette, Graham; Hawkes, James; O'Malley, Michael; Lipsky, Christine] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, 2032 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Laurie.Weitkamp@noaa.gov NR 192 TC 9 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 71 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 713 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9345-y PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200004 ER PT J AU Byron, CJ Burke, BJ AF Byron, Carrie J. Burke, Brian J. TI Salmon ocean migration models suggest a variety of population-specific strategies SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Individual based models (IBMs); Orientation; Navigation; Atlantic; Pacific ID RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; RETROSPECTIVE GROWTH ANALYSIS; DIRECTION-FINDING MECHANISM; NORWEGIAN FJORD SYSTEM; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; TROUT POST-SMOLTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA AB Many species of salmon around the world migrate to open ocean environments for multiple years and then return to their natal rivers to spawn. How exactly salmon are able to execute these long distance migrations, and the impact of environmental conditions on migration behavior, is not well understood. Individual based modeling is one tool that has been used to explore salmon migration in the ocean. Although models are usually not able to confirm whether a particular behavior is used, they can rule out some behaviors as unrealistic. An extensive review of published literature suggests that there is no universal migration behavior. Behaviors that fish use to navigate depend on where they are in the ocean relative to where they are going, as well as the ocean flows and conditions along the way. Future models of salmon migration should be flexible and at an appropriate scale to capture variable oceanographic conditions and fish responses. C1 [Byron, Carrie J.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Byron, CJ (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM cbyron@une.edu; brian.burke@noaa.gov RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 FU NOAA Fisheries FX This work was made possible by NOAA CINAR No.NA09OAR4320129 and funding from NOAA Fisheries. Thank you to John Kocik, Kathy Mills and Chloe Bracis for their thoughtful and helpful comments. NR 140 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 737 EP 756 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9343-0 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200005 ER PT J AU Hayes, SA Kocik, JF AF Hayes, Sean A. Kocik, John F. TI Comparative estuarine and marine migration ecology of Atlantic salmon and steelhead: blue highways and open plains SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; Steelhead; Estuary; Marine habitat; Pacific Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Climate change ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; POST-SMOLT ATLANTIC; CORMORANT PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; PENOBSCOT RIVER ESTUARY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEAWARD MIGRATION; SALAR SMOLTS; JUVENILE STEELHEAD AB This synthesis focuses on the estuarine and ocean ecology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across their southern ranges in North America. General life history and ecology share many common traits including iteroparity, duration of freshwater (0-3 years) and marine (2-5 years) rearing, ocean emigration at relatively large sizes and strong surface orientation compared to other salmonids. Despite parallels in life history and anthropogenic pressures, several differences emerged for these species. First, steelhead have greater life history diversity and a broader geographic distribution. Generally, estuary habitats serve as short-term migration corridors for both species. However, some steelhead populations used lagoon habitat in south-coast watersheds. While both species are epipelagic, Atlantic salmon exhibit more vertical migration. Atlantic salmon tend to follow migratory highways-relatively narrow bands along the coastal shelf, then crossing the Atlantic to feed inshore and in fjords of West Greenland. Conversely, steelhead exit the coastal shelf quickly, dispersing across the Pacific, and rarely use coastal environments. Despite inhabiting rivers in warm dry Mediterranean climates, the extended range and stability of southern steelhead distribution is likely buffered by cool upwelled waters of the California Current. Whereas Atlantic salmon populations are restricted by warmer Northwest Atlantic circulation patterns lacking cool upwelling with greater susceptibility to warming associated with climate change. Determining the rate of marine habitat changes in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is important to the conservation of these species, including subtleties of temporal and spatial habitat use, and adaptability to ocean ecosystems under climate change. C1 [Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kocik, John F.] NOAA, Resource Evaluat & Assessment Div, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Hayes, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM sean.hayes@noaa.gov; john.kocik@noaa.gov NR 166 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 757 EP 780 DI 10.1007/s11160-014-9348-8 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200006 ER PT J AU Maynard, DJ Trial, JG AF Maynard, Desmond J. Trial, Joan G. TI The use of hatchery technology for the conservation of Pacific and Atlantic salmon SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Oncorhynchus; Salmo salar; Conservation; Hatchery ID COLUMBIA-RIVER; BIOECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION; WILD POPULATIONS; COHO SALMON; FISHERIES; SALAR; ENHANCEMENT; WASHINGTON; ISSUES; BROODS AB Hatchery technology has been employed for the conservation of Pacific (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for over 140 years. The initial societal paradigm was that nature is inefficient and hatcheries could be used to conserve stocks that were over utilized or suffering habitat degradation. Although these early hatcheries failed to meet their conservation objectives, they succeeded in developing the spawning-to-swimup fry culture technology used today. In the 1930s the paradigm shifted to artificial and natural production being equally effective and led to the closure of Federal hatcheries in areas with intact freshwater habitat. Hatcheries were maintained to mitigate for habitat loss from hydropower development. With the development of cost effective smolt production technology by 1960, the paradigm returned to nature being inefficient and ushered in the massive conservation utilization production of Pacific salmon that continues to this day. The early 1990s saw another paradigm shift with nature's inefficiency recognized as being the foundation for evolution to maintain the fitness of salmon in their natural environment. This shift gave rise to a focus for hatchery technology to preserve stocks in their native habitats. Using hatcheries for preservation-conservation has become the norm for Atlantic salmon in the USA and Atlantic Canada and for Pacific salmon stocks listed under the Endangered Species Act in the USA or as species at risk in Canada. C1 [Maynard, Desmond J.] NOAA, Resource Utilizat & Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Trial, Joan G.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Div Sea Run Fisheries & Habitat, Bangor, ME USA. RP Maynard, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Utilizat & Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM des.maynard@noaa.gov; joan.trial@maine.gov NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 803 EP 817 DI 10.1007/s11160-013-9341-7 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200008 ER PT J AU Pess, GR Quinn, TP Gephard, SR Saunders, R AF Pess, G. R. Quinn, T. P. Gephard, S. R. Saunders, R. TI Re-colonization of Atlantic and Pacific rivers by anadromous fishes: linkages between life history and the benefits of barrier removal SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Anadromous; Life history; Dam removal; Conservation; Homing; Restoration ID SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; AMERICAN SHAD; CHINOOK SALMON; SEA LAMPREY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIADROMOUS FISHES AB The last two decades have seen a rapid increase in barrier removals on rivers of the Northern Hemisphere, often for the explicit purpose of expanding the abundance, spatial distribution, and life history diversity of migratory fishes. However, differences in life history such as seasonal timing of migration and reproduction, iteroparity versus semelparity, and the extent of natal homing are likely to affect the capacity for expansion and re-colonization by taxa such as alosines, lamprey, and salmonids. We first review some basic life history traits that may affect re-colonization by migratory fishes, and then present selected examples from Atlantic and Pacific basins to illustrate these patterns and their implications for the success of barrier removal as a measure to advance the goal of fish conservation. We conclude that diadromous fishes have the capacity to rapidly re-colonize newly available habitats, though the life history patterns of each species, the proximity to source populations in the same or nearby river systems, and the diversity of habitats available may control the patterns and rates of re-colonization. C1 [Pess, G. R.] NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gephard, S. R.] Connecticut Dept Energy & Environm Protect, Inland Fisheries Div, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Saunders, R.] NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Pess, GR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM george.pess@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA10OAR4170075, R/LME-7] FX The analysis and reporting conducted by Thomas Quinn were funded in part by a grant to him from the Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA10OAR4170075, Project R/LME-7. We thank J. Waldman, C. Busack, and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews and P. Kusnierz for formative discussion on some of the ideas presented in the manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 161 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 118 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 881 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s11160-013-9339-1 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200011 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Wainwright, TC AF Sweka, John A. Wainwright, Thomas C. TI Use of population viability analysis models for Atlantic and Pacific salmon recovery planning SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Population viability analysis; Adaptive management; Risk; Uncertainty; Endangered species ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; COHO SALMON; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; MARINE SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION AB Uncertainty and risk abound in making natural resource management decisions. Population viability analysis (PVA) includes a variety of qualitative or quantitative analyses to predict the future status of a population or collection of populations and to predict the risk of extinction (or quasi-extinction) over time given some assumptions of the factors driving population dynamics. In this paper, we review the various PVA models applied to Atlantic and Pacific salmon for determination of listing under the Endangered Species Act and in planning recovery actions. We also review the numerous cautions involved in developing PVA models and in interpreting their results. There have been a larger number of PVA models applied to Pacific salmon compared to Atlantic salmon due to the greater geographic range and number of species of Pacific salmon. Models for both Atlantic and Pacific salmon have ranged from simple models that view populations as simply a number of organisms to complex age- or stage-structured models depending on the purpose of the model and available data for model parameterization. The real value of PVA models to salmon conservation is not in making absolute predictions of the risk of extinction, but rather in evaluating relative effects of management alternatives on extinction risk and informing decision making within an adaptive management framework. As computing power, quantitative techniques, and knowledge of mechanistic linkages between terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments advance, PVA models will become an even more powerful tool in conservation planning for salmon species. C1 [Sweka, John A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. [Wainwright, Thomas C.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. EM john_sweka@fws.gov RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 24 IS 3 SI SI BP 901 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s11160-013-9332-8 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AN2ZS UT WOS:000340455200012 ER PT J AU Bouvier-Brown, NC Carrasco, E Karz, J Chang, K Nguyen, T Ruiz, D Okonta, V Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA AF Bouvier-Brown, Nicole C. Carrasco, Erica Karz, James Chang, Kylee Nguyen, Theodore Ruiz, Daniel Okonta, Vivian Gilman, Jessica B. Kuster, William C. de Gouw, Joost A. TI A portable and inexpensive method for quantifying ambient intermediate volatility organic compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Intermediate volatility organic compounds; Aerosol precursor; HayeSep-Q adsorbent ID AIR; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; SESQUITERPENES; FORMULATION; EXTRACTION; TREES AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and intermediate volatility VOCs (IVOCs) are gas-phase organic compounds which may participate in chemical reactions affecting air quality and climate. The development of an inexpensive, field-portable quantification method for higher molecular weight VOCs and IVOCs utilizing commercially available components could be used as a tool to survey aerosol precursors or identify and monitor air quality in various communities. We characterized the performance characteristics for the HayeSep-Q adsorbent with a representative selection of anthropogenic and biogenic VOC standards and optimized experimental conditions and procedures for field collections followed by laboratory analysis. All VOCs were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Precision (average 22%) and accuracy were reasonable and the limit of detection ranged from 10 to 80 pmol/mol (ppt) for the studied compounds. The method was employed at the Los Angeles site during the CalNex campaign in summer 2010 and ambient mixing ratios agreed well (slope 0.69-1.06, R-2 0.67-0.71) with measurements made using an in-situ GC-MS - a distinctly different sampling and quantification method. This new technique can be applied to quantify ambient biogenic and anthropogenic C8-C15 VOCs and IVOCs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouvier-Brown, Nicole C.; Carrasco, Erica; Karz, James; Chang, Kylee; Nguyen, Theodore; Ruiz, Daniel; Okonta, Vivian] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bouvier-Brown, NC (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 LMU Dr MS 8225, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM nbouvier@lmu.edu RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU Loyola Marymount University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry FX The authors would like to thank the Loyola Marymount University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for its support. We would also acknowledge the other undergraduate students who helped integrate chromatograms, input data, etc. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300014 ER PT J AU Duncan, BN Prados, AI Lamsal, LN Liu, Y Streets, DG Gupta, P Hilsenrath, E Kahn, RA Nielsen, JE Beyersdorf, AJ Burton, SP Fiore, AM Fishman, J Henze, DK Hostetler, CA Krotkov, NA Lee, P Lin, MY Pawson, S Pfister, G Pickering, KE Pierce, RB Yoshida, Y Ziemba, LD AF Duncan, Bryan N. Prados, Ana I. Lamsal, Lok N. Liu, Yang Streets, David G. Gupta, Pawan Hilsenrath, Ernest Kahn, Ralph A. Nielsen, J. Eric Beyersdorf, Andreas J. Burton, Sharon P. Fiore, Arlene M. Fishman, Jack Henze, Daven K. Hostetler, Chris A. Krotkov, Nickolay A. Lee, Pius Lin, Meiyun Pawson, Steven Pfister, Gabriele Pickering, Kenneth E. Pierce, R. Bradley Yoshida, Yasuko Ziemba, Luke D. TI Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for US air quality applications: Examples of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Satellite data; Air quality; End-user resources; Remote sensing ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ECONOMIC RECESSION; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; UNITED-STATES; NOX EMISSIONS; MEXICO-CITY AB Satellite data of atmospheric pollutants are becoming more widely used in the decision-making and environmental management activities of public, private sector and non-profit organizations. They are employed for estimating emissions, tracking pollutant plumes, supporting air quality forecasting activities, providing evidence for "exceptional event" declarations, monitoring regional long-term trends, and evaluating air quality model output. However, many air quality managers are not taking full advantage of the data for these applications nor has the full potential of satellite data for air quality applications been realized. A key barrier is the inherent difficulties associated with accessing, processing, and properly interpreting observational data. A degree of technical skill is required on the part of the data end-user, which is often problematic for air quality agencies with limited resources. Therefore, we 1) review the primary uses of satellite data for air quality applications, 2) provide some background information on satellite capabilities for measuring pollutants, 3) discuss the-many resources available to the end-user for accessing, processing, and visualizing the data, and 4) provide answers to common questions in plain language. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Duncan, Bryan N.; Prados, Ana I.; Lamsal, Lok N.; Gupta, Pawan; Kahn, Ralph A.; Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Pawson, Steven; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Yoshida, Yasuko] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Prados, Ana I.; Hilsenrath, Ernest] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lamsal, Lok N.; Gupta, Pawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. [Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hilsenrath, Ernest] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Nielsen, J. Eric; Yoshida, Yasuko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Beyersdorf, Andreas J.; Burton, Sharon P.; Hostetler, Chris A.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Fishman, Jack] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pfister, Gabriele] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Madison, WI USA. RP Duncan, BN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST); Applied Remote SEnsing Training (ARSET) program, within NASA's Applied Sciences Program FX This work was funded by the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST) and the Applied Remote SEnsing Training (ARSET) program, within NASA's Applied Sciences Program. We thank Ginger Butcher, the NASA Aura Mission's education and public outreach lead, for her comments which greatly improved the readability of the article. NR 89 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 94 BP 647 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.061 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1AY UT WOS:000340316300069 ER PT J AU Datta, R Hubmayr, J Munson, C Austermann, J Beall, J Becker, D Cho, HM Halverson, N Hilton, G Irwin, K Li, D McMahon, J Newburgh, L Nibarger, J Niemack, M Schmitt, B Smith, H Staggs, S Van Lanen, J Wollack, E AF Datta, R. Hubmayr, J. Munson, C. Austermann, J. Beall, J. Becker, D. Cho, H. M. Halverson, N. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. Li, D. McMahon, J. Newburgh, L. Nibarger, J. Niemack, M. Schmitt, B. Smith, H. Staggs, S. Van Lanen, J. Wollack, E. TI Horn Coupled Multichroic Polarimeters for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarization Experiment SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic microwave background; Superconducting detectors; Feedhorn; TES; Polarimeter; Millimeter-wave; Silicon lenses; Antireflection coating AB Multichroic polarization sensitive detectors enable increased sensitivity and spectral coverage for observations of the cosmic microwave background. An array optimized for dual frequency detectors can provide 1.7 times gain in sensitivity compared to a single frequency array. We present the design and measurements of horn coupled multichroic polarimeters encompassing the 90 and 150 GHz frequency bands and discuss our plans to field an array of these detectors as part of the ACTPol project. C1 [Datta, R.; Munson, C.; McMahon, J.; Smith, H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hubmayr, J.; Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Niemack, M.; Van Lanen, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newburgh, L.; Staggs, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nibarger, J.] NIST, Boulder Microfabricat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Niemack, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schmitt, B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Datta, R (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dattar@umich.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU NASA [NNX13AE56G]; NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship [NNX12AM32H]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0965625, PHY-1214379] FX This work was supported by NASA through award NNX13AE56G and the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship grant NNX12AM32H and by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0965625 and PHY-1214379. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1134-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400009 ER PT J AU Grace, EA Beall, J Cho, HM Devlin, MJ Fox, A Hilton, G Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Klein, J Li, D Lungu, M Newburgh, LB Nibarger, J Niemack, MD McMahon, J Page, LA Pappas, C Schmitt, BL Staggs, ST Van Lanen, J Wollack, E AF Grace, E. A. Beall, J. Cho, H. M. Devlin, M. J. Fox, A. Hilton, G. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Klein, J. Li, D. Lungu, M. Newburgh, L. B. Nibarger, J. Niemack, M. D. McMahon, J. Page, L. A. Pappas, C. Schmitt, B. L. Staggs, S. T. Van Lanen, J. Wollack, E. TI Characterization and Performance of a Kilo-TES Sub-Array for ACTPol SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic microwave background; Transition edge sensor; Bolometer; Polarimetry AB ACTPol is a polarization-sensitive receiver upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) which will make millimeter wavelength measurements of the small-scale polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background to investigate the properties of inflation, dark energy, dark matter, and neutrinos in the early Universe. ACTPol will employ three arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer detectors. The detectors, with a target transition temperature of 150 mK, will be operated at a bath temperature of 100 mK provided by a dilution refrigerator. One array operating at a central frequency of 150 GHz and consisting of 1024 TESes achieved first light at the ACT site in July 2013. We anticipate fielding the remainder of the focal plane, consisting of a second 150 GHz array and a multi-chroic array sensitive to 90 and 150 GHz, at the end of the 2013 observing season. In these proceedings, we present characterization of key detector parameters from measurements performed on the first array both in the lab and during initial field testing. We comment on the design goals, measurements, and uniformity of the detector transition temperatures, saturation powers, and thermal conductivities while detailing measurement methods and results for the detector optical efficiencies and time constants. C1 [Grace, E. A.; Page, L. A.; Pappas, C.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Beall, J.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Van Lanen, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Klein, J.; Lungu, M.; Schmitt, B. L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Newburgh, L. B.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grace, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM egrace@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; NIST Quantum Initiative; NASA Office of the Chief Technologists Space Technology Research Fellowship awards FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0965625, PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. The NIST authors would like to acknowledge the support of the NIST Quantum Initiative. The work of E.A. Grace and B. Schmitt were supported by NASA Office of the Chief Technologists Space Technology Research Fellowship awards. We would like to acknowledge the work of Bert Harrop in the bonding and assembly of the first array. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1125-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400014 ER PT J AU Simon, SM Appel, JW Cho, HM Essinger-Hileman, T Irwin, KD Kusaka, A Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, LP Raghunathan, S Sievers, JL Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Simon, S. M. Appel, J. W. Cho, H. M. Essinger-Hileman, T. Irwin, K. D. Kusaka, A. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. P. Raghunathan, S. Sievers, J. L. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. TI In Situ Time Constant and Optical Efficiency Measurements of TRUCE Pixels in the Atacama B-Mode Search SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Atacama B-mode Search; Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarization ID POLARIZATION AB The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) instrument, which began observation in February of 2012, is a crossed-Dragone telescope located at an elevation of 5,100 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The primary scientific goal of ABS is to measure the B-mode polarization spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from multipole moments of about 50 to 500 (angular scales from to ), a range that includes the primordial B-mode peak from inflationary gravitational waves. The ABS focal plane array consists of 240 pixels designed for observation at 145 GHz by the TRUCE collaboration. Each pixel has its own individual, single-moded feedhorn and contains two transition-edge sensor bolometers coupled to orthogonal polarizations that are read out using time domain multiplexing. We will report on the current status of ABS and discuss the time constants and optical efficiencies of the TRUCE detectors in the field. C1 [Simon, S. M.; Kusaka, A.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Sievers, J. L.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Raghunathan, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smstwo@princeton.edu OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program; NSF [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587]; NASA [NNX08AE03G]; Wilkinson Misrahi funds; Dicke Fellowship FX This work is supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program. Work at Princeton University is supported by the NSF through awards PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587, NASA through award NNX08AE03G, and Wilkinson Misrahi funds. Akito Kusaka acknowledges the Dicke Fellowship. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-0999-y PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400015 ER PT J AU Pappas, CG Beall, J Brevick, J Cho, HM Devlin, MJ Fox, A Grace, EA Hilton, GC Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Klein, J Li, D Lungu, M Newburgh, LB Nibarger, JP Niemack, MD McMahon, JJ Page, LA Schmitt, BL Staggs, ST Van Lanen, J Wollack, EJ AF Pappas, C. G. Beall, J. Brevick, J. Cho, H. M. Devlin, M. J. Fox, A. Grace, E. A. Hilton, G. C. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Klein, J. Li, D. Lungu, M. Newburgh, L. B. Nibarger, J. P. Niemack, M. D. McMahon, J. J. Page, L. A. Schmitt, B. L. Staggs, S. T. Van Lanen, J. Wollack, E. J. TI Optical Efficiency and R(T,I) Measurements of ACTPol TESes Using Time Domain Multiplexing Electronics SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Transition edge sensor (TES); Cosmic microwave background (CMB); Polarization; Atacama cosmology telescope; ACTPol ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS AB We present new data on feedhorn-coupled transition-edge sensor devices fabricated for the second-generation receiver (ACTPol) for the Atacama cosmology telescope (ACT). First, we describe optical efficiency measurements of the latest ACTPol detector wafer, which has a average optical efficiency. Next, we discuss measurements of the TES resistance as a function of temperature and bias current () using the ACTPol time-domain multiplexing electronics. Qualitative agreement between data at low bias current and the two-fluid model prediction is shown. Using the two-fluid model and low bias current data, and at our operating bias current are calculated. C1 [Pappas, C. G.; Grace, E. A.; Page, L. A.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 1440, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Beall, J.; Brevick, J.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J. P.; Van Lanen, J.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Devlin, M. J.; Klein, J.; Lungu, M.; Schmitt, B. L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Newburgh, L. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Pappas, CG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cpappas@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1066-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400020 ER PT J AU Dicker, SR Ade, PAR Aguirre, J Brevik, JA Cho, HM Datta, R Devlin, MJ Dober, B Egan, D Ford, J Ford, P Hilton, G Irwin, KD Mason, BS Marganian, P Mello, M McMahon, JJ Mroczkowski, T Rosenman, M Tucker, C Vale, L White, S Whitehead, M Young, AH AF Dicker, S. R. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, J. Brevik, J. A. Cho, H. M. Datta, R. Devlin, M. J. Dober, B. Egan, D. Ford, J. Ford, P. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. D. Mason, B. S. Marganian, P. Mello, M. McMahon, J. J. Mroczkowski, T. Rosenman, M. Tucker, C. Vale, L. White, S. Whitehead, M. Young, A. H. TI MUSTANG 2: A Large Focal Plane Array for the 100 m Green Bank Telescope SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES bolometers; Focal plane arrays; 90 GHz; Green Bank Telescope; Frequency domain readout AB This paper describes MUSTANG 2, a 338 element focal plane array that is being built for the Green Bank Telescope. Each element consists of a profiled feedhorn coupled to two transition edge sensor bolometers, one for each polarization. Initial deployment will be with 32 detectors, but once fully populated, MUSTANG 2 will be capable of mapping a area to Jy in 1 h with good image fidelity on angular scales from to . As well as an instrument overview, the choice of bandpass and the design of the feeds, detectors and readout are given. C1 [Dicker, S. R.; Aguirre, J.; Devlin, M. J.; Dober, B.; Rosenman, M.; Young, A. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Brevik, J. A.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Datta, R.; McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Egan, D.; Ford, J.; Ford, P.; Marganian, P.; Mello, M.; White, S.; Whitehead, M.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Mason, B. S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dicker, SR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sdicker@hep.upenn.edu OI Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU NSF; NIST; NASA; UK STFC FX We would like to thank all those in the machine shops at the University of Pennsylvania, Green Bank, and Precision Cryogenics who turned our designs into real parts. Many others at Green Bank have offered us advice and helped out with construction and testing. Funding for this project has been provided by the NSF with additional support from NIST and NASA. Filter development was funded by the UK STFC. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1070-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400028 ER PT J AU Croce, MP Bond, EM Hoover, AS Kunde, GJ Moody, WA Rabin, MW Bennett, DA Hayes-Wehle, J Kotsubo, V Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN AF Croce, M. P. Bond, E. M. Hoover, A. S. Kunde, G. J. Moody, W. A. Rabin, M. W. Bennett, D. A. Hayes-Wehle, J. Kotsubo, V. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. TI Integration of Radioactive Material with Microcalorimeter Detectors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter; Nuclear forensics; Neutrino mass AB Microcalorimeter detectors with embedded radioactive material offer many possibilities for new types of measurements and applications. We will discuss the designs and methods that we are developing for precise deposition of radioactive material and its encapsulation in the absorber of transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter detectors for two specific applications. The first application is total nuclear reaction energy (Q) spectroscopy for nuclear forensics measurements of trace actinide samples, where the goal is determination of ratios of isotopes with Q values in the range of 5-7 MeV. Simplified, rapid sample preparation and detector assembly is necessary for practical measurements, while maintaining good energy resolution. The second application is electron capture spectroscopy of isotopes with low Q values, such as Ho, for measurement of neutrino mass. Detectors for electron capture spectroscopy are designed for measuring energies up to approximately 6 keV. Their smaller heat capacity and physical size present unique challenges. Both applications require precise deposition of radioactive material and encapsulation in an absorber with optimized thermal properties and coupling to the TES. We have made detectors for both applications with a variety of designs and assembly methods, and will present their development. C1 [Croce, M. P.; Bond, E. M.; Hoover, A. S.; Kunde, G. J.; Moody, W. A.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bennett, D. A.; Hayes-Wehle, J.; Kotsubo, V.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Croce, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mpcroce@lanl.gov OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1045-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400056 ER PT J AU Okada, S Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Irwin, KD Ishimoto, S Sato, M Schmidt, DR Swetz, DS Tatsuno, H Ullom, JN Yamada, S AF Okada, S. Bennett, D. A. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Irwin, K. D. Ishimoto, S. Sato, M. Schmidt, D. R. Swetz, D. S. Tatsuno, H. Ullom, J. N. Yamada, S. TI High-Resolution Kaonic-Atom X-ray Spectroscopy with Transition-Edge-Sensor Microcalorimeters SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Kaonic atom; X-ray spectroscopy; Transition-edge sensor AB We are preparing for an ultra-high resolution X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms using an X-ray spectrometer based on an array of superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters developed by NIST. The instrument has excellent energy resolutions of 2-3 eV (FWHM) at 6 keV and a large collecting area of about 20 mm. This will open new door to investigate kaon-nucleus strong interaction and provide new accurate charged-kaon mass value. C1 [Okada, S.; Sato, M.; Yamada, S.] RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ishimoto, S.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Tatsuno, H.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Okada, S (reprint author), RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM sokada@riken.jp RI Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; OI Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU JSPS KAKENHI [25105514]; RIKEN FX This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25105514 and by Incentive Research Grant from RIKEN. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/s10909-014-1137-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400057 ER PT J AU Lowell, PJ O'Neil, GC Underwood, JM Zhang, XH Ullom, JN AF Lowell, Peter J. O'Neil, Galen C. Underwood, Jason M. Zhang, Xiaohang Ullom, Joel N. TI Sub-100 mK Cooling Using Normal-MetalInsulatorSuperconductor Tunnel Junctions SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Microrefrigerators; Electron cooling; Superconducting tunnel junctions AB Normal-metalinsulatorsuperconductor (NIS) junctions can be used as solid-state refrigerators since the hottest electrons preferentially tunnel from the normal metal into the superconductor. In this paper, we present NIS junctions optimized to cool electrons from a bath temperature of 100 mK. We measure a temperature reduction of the electrons in the refrigerator junctions from 100 to 26 mK which agrees with device models. Independent measurements of the electron temperature using thermometer junctions measure a temperature decrease from 100 to 48 mK. Theories explaining the difference in measured temperatures are discussed. C1 [Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Underwood, Jason M.; Zhang, Xiaohang; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lowell, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.lowell@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov FU NASA APRA program FX This work is supported by the NASA APRA program. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 1062 EP 1068 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1009-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400063 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, Damir I. Fomina, Marina G. Mukhamedzyanov, Gabdlnur Kh Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. TI Simultaneous measurements of the density and viscosity of 1-hexene+1-decene mixtures at high temperatures and high pressures SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE Density; Excess molar volume; Falling-body method; Hydrostatic weighing method; 1-Hexene; 1-Decene; Tait equation of state; Viscosity ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; BINARY-MIXTURES; TAIT EQUATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; PROPERTIES EXCESS; IONIC LIQUIDS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOLS; METHANOL PLUS; 30 MPA AB The density and viscosity of binary 1-hexene + 1-decene mixtures have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from 298 to 470 K and at pressures up to 196 MPa using hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques, respectively. The measurements were made for three concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mass fraction of 1-decene. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15 to 0.30%, 0.05%, 0.02 K, and 1.5 to 2.0%, respectively, depending on temperature and pressure ranges. The measured densities and viscosities were used to calculate excess molar volumes and viscosity differences. It is shown that the values of excess molar volume for 1-hexene + 1-decene mixtures are positive, while the viscosity differences are negative at all measured temperatures and pressures over the whole concentration range. The measured densities and viscosities were also used to develop a Tait-type equation of state and viscosity correlation model for liquid 1-hexene + 1-decene mixtures. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade type equations with concentration dependent coefficients were used to represent the temperature and concentration dependences of the measured viscosities for liquid 1-hexene + 1-decene binary mixtures at atmospheric pressure. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sagdeev, Damir I.; Fomina, Marina G.; Mukhamedzyanov, Gabdlnur Kh] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 EI 1873-3166 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 197 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.04.041 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN0VK UT WOS:000340301900025 ER PT J AU McCandlish, DM Stoltzfus, A AF McCandlish, David M. Stoltzfus, Arlin TI MODELING EVOLUTION USING THE PROBABILITY OF FIXATION: HISTORY AND IMPLICATIONS SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE population genetics; modern synthesis; weak mutation; SSWM; mutation-selection-drift; mutationism ID FACTOR-BINDING-SITES; STANDING GENETIC-VARIATION; MUTATION-SELECTION MODELS; CORRELATED FITNESS LANDSCAPES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; CODING SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; NEUTRAL PROTEIN EVOLUTION; SYNONYMOUS CODON USAGE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POPULATION-GENETICS AB Many models of evolution calculate the rate of evolution by multiplying the rate at which new mutations originate within a population by a probability of fixation. Here we review the historical origins, contemporary applications, and evolutionary implications of these "origin-fixation" models, which are widely used in evolutionary genetics, molecular evolution, and phylogenetics. Origin-fixation models were first introduced in 1969, in association with an emerging view of "molecular" evolution. Early origin-fixation models were used to calculate an instantaneous rate of evolution across a large number of independently evolving loci; in the 1980s and 1990s, a second wave of origin:fixation models emerged to address a sequence of fixation events at a single locus. Although origin-fixation models have been applied to a broad array of problems in contemporary evolutional research, their rise in popularity has not been accompanied by an increased appreciation of their restrictive assumptions or their distinctive implications. We argue that origin-fixation models constitute a coherent theory of mutation-limited evolution that contrasts sharply with theories of evolution that rely on the presence of standing genetic variation. A major unsolved question in evolutionary biology is the degree to which these models provide an accurate approximation of evolution in natural populations. C1 [McCandlish, David M.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McCandlish, David M.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP McCandlish, DM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM DAVIDMC@SAS.UPENN.EDU; ARLIN@UMD.EDU OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 259 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 55 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-5770 EI 1539-7718 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 BP 225 EP 252 PG 28 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AN1MO UT WOS:000340348200002 PM 25195318 ER PT J AU Li, YC Yang, YH Kim, YS Shields, J Davis, RD AF Li, Yu-Chin Yang, You-Hao Kim, Yeon S. Shields, John Davis, Rick D. TI DNA-based nanocomposite biocoatings for fire-retarding polyurethane foam SO GREEN MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biomolecules; coatings; DNA; nanocomposites; nanofabrication; natural materials; self-assembly; thin films AB Layer-by-layer (LbL)-assembled multilayer thin films of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), chitosan (CHI) and montmorillonite (MMT) were studied in an effort to produce fully renewable, bio-based, fire-retardant coatings for flexible polyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam (PUF) biocoatings constructed of ten bilayers (BLs) of CHI/DNA+MMT (16.2 % mass), ten trilayers of CHI/MMT/DNA (8.1 % mass) and five quadlayers of CHI/DNA/CHI/MMT (4.9 % mass) all resulted in a significant reduction in critical flammability metrics, peak heat release rate (pHRR) and average HRR (aHRR). The mix BL, CHI/DNA+MMT, is the best formulation as it resulted in the greatest flammability reduction (51% pHRR and 81% aHRR) with the fastest biocoating growth and the least amount of preparation and waste. This DNA-and MMT-based biocoating is the greatest flammability reduction of PUF reported to date using the LbL process. Constructed of bio-based and non-toxic materials combined with the fast-growing BL approach, which has minimal waste, this is presumably the most environmental and bio-friendly fire-retardant LbL coating on flexible polyurethane foam reported. This article contains supporting information that will be made available online once the issue is published. C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Yang, You-Hao; Kim, Yeon S.; Shields, John; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU ICE PUBLISHING PI WESTMINISTER PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND SN 2049-1220 EI 2049-1239 J9 GREEN MATER JI Green Mater. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 2 IS 3 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1680/gmat.14.00003 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA V44ZJ UT WOS:000209786600005 ER PT J AU Valentini, L Parisatto, M Russo, V Ferrari, G Bullard, JW Angel, RJ Dalconi, MC Artioli, G AF Valentini, Luca Parisatto, Matteo Russo, Vincenzo Ferrari, Giorgio Bullard, Jeffrey W. Angel, Ross J. Dalconi, Maria C. Artioli, Gilberto TI Simulation of the hydration kinetics and elastic moduli of cement mortars by microstructural modelling SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Cement hydration; Computer modeling; Mortar; Elastic properties; Strength ID PORTLAND-CEMENT; BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SHAPE; CONCRETE; NANOINDENTATION; COMPOSITES; CONSTANTS; VACANCIES; PASTES; SYSTEM AB The ability of the VCCTL microstructural model to predict the hydration kinetics and elastic moduli of cement materials was tested by coupling a series of computer simulations and laboratory experiments, using different cements. The novel aspects of this study included the fact that the simulated hydration kinetics were benchmarked using real-time measurements of the early-age phase composition during hydration by in situ X-ray diffraction. Elastic moduli are measured both by strain gauges (static approach) and by P-wave propagation (dynamic approach). Compressive strengths were measured by loading mortar prisms until rupture. Virtual samples were generated by VCCTL, using particle size distribution and phase composition as input. The hydration kinetics and elastic moduli were simulated and the numerical results were compared with the experimental observations. The compressive strength of the virtual mortars were obtained from the elastic moduli, using a power-law relation. Experimentally measured and simulated time-dependence of the major cement clinker phases and hydration product phases typically agreed to within 5%. Also, refinement of the input values of the intrinsic elastic moduli of the various phases enabled predictions of effective moduli, at different ages and different water-to-cement mass ratios, that are within the 10% uncertainty in the measured values. These results suggest that the VCCTL model can be successfully used as a predictive tool, which can reproduce the early age hydration kinetics, elastic moduli and mechanical strength of cement-based materials, using different mix designs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Valentini, Luca; Russo, Vincenzo; Ferrari, Giorgio] Mapei SpA, R&D Dept, I-20158 Milan, Italy. [Valentini, Luca; Parisatto, Matteo; Angel, Ross J.; Dalconi, Maria C.; Artioli, Gilberto] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Parisatto, Matteo; Dalconi, Maria C.; Artioli, Gilberto] CIRCe Interdept Res Ctr Study Cement Mat & Hydrau, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Valentini, L (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM luca.valentini@unipd.it; matteo.parisatto@unipd.it; hpss.lab@mapei.it; g.ferrari@mapei.it; bullard@nist.gov; rossjohnangel@gmail.com; mariachiara.dalconi@unipd.it; gilberto.artioli@unipd.it RI Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015; Angel, Ross/K-9924-2015 OI Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392; Angel, Ross/0000-0003-0861-398X NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.05.005 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AM2QF UT WOS:000339695200007 ER PT J AU Li, B Godil, A Johan, H AF Li, Bo Godil, Afzal Johan, Henry TI Hybrid shape descriptor and meta similarity generation for non-rigid and partial 3D model retrieval SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 3D model retrieval; Non-rigid models; Partial similarity retrieval; Hybrid shape descriptor; Meta similarity ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; SURFACES; FEATURES; INFORMATION; IMAGES AB Non-rigid and partial 3D model retrieval are two significant and challenging research directions in the field of 3D model retrieval. Little work has been done in proposing a hybrid shape descriptor that works for both retrieval scenarios, let alone the integration of the component features of the hybrid shape descriptor in an automatic way. In this paper, we propose a hybrid shape descriptor that integrates both geodesic distance-based global features and curvature-based local features. We also develop an automatic algorithm to generate meta similarity resulting from different component features of the hybrid shape descriptor based on Particle Swarm Optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our framework, as well as the significant improvements in retrieval performances. The framework is general and can be applied to similar approaches that integrate more features for the development of a single algorithm for both non-rigid and partial 3D model retrieval. C1 [Li, Bo; Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johan, Henry] Fraunhofer IDM NTU, Singapore, Singapore. RP Li, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM li.bo.ntu0@gmail.com; afzal.godil@nist.gov; henryjohan@ntu.edu.sg NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 72 IS 2 BP 1531 EP 1560 DI 10.1007/s11042-013-1464-2 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AM5IR UT WOS:000339891300023 ER PT J AU Heinrich, F Losche, M AF Heinrich, Frank Loesche, Mathias TI Zooming in on disordered systems: Neutron reflection studies of proteins associated with fluid membranes SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Review DE Membrane structure; Membrane protein; Scattering techniques; Composition-space modeling; MD simulation ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; BACTERIUM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER; PTEN TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION DATA; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) is an emerging experimental technique for the structural characterization of proteins interacting with fluid bilayer membranes under conditions that mimic closely the cellular environment. Thus, cellular processes can be emulated in artificial systems and their molecular basis studied by adding cellular components one at a time in a well-controlled environment while the resulting structures, or structural changes in response to external cues, are monitored with neutron reflection. In recent years, sample environments, data collection strategies and data analysis were continuously refined. The combination of these improvements increases the information which can be obtained from NR to an extent that enables structural characterization of protein-membrane complexes at a length scale that exceeds the resolution of the measurement by far. Ultimately, the combination of NR with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to cross-validate the results of the two techniques and provide atomic-scale structural models. This review discusses these developments in detail and demonstrates how they provide new windows into relevant biomedical problerns. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. Guest Editors: William C. Wimley and Kalina Hristova. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU DOE [70NANB13H009]; NIH [1R01 GM101647] FX This work was supported by the DOE (70NANB13H009) and NIH (1R01 GM101647) and performed in parts at the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 102 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 1838 IS 9 SI SI BP 2341 EP 2349 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.03.007 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA AL4XR UT WOS:000339138600024 PM 24674984 ER PT J AU Idesman, AV Mates, SP AF Idesman, A. V. Mates, S. P. TI Accurate finite element simulation and experimental study of elastic wave propagation in a long cylinder under impact loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Elastic waves; Impact loading; Hopkinson bar; Finite elements; Spurious oscillations ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; LINEAR ELASTODYNAMICS PROBLEMS; TIME-INTEGRATION METHODS; CYLINDRICAL BAR; DYNAMIC-BEHAVIOR; DISPERSION; SIGNALS; STRESS; CONCRETE; SHPB AB For the first time, detailed accurate numerical solutions for elastic wave propagation in a long axisymmetric elastic bar under impact loading are obtained using the new finite element technique proposed in our recent papers. In contrast to known numerical techniques, the new numerical approach quantifies and removes spurious high-frequency oscillations which may invalidate numerical results in impact loading simulations. The comparison of the accurate experimental results for the impact of striker and incident bars with the corresponding accurate numerical results allows us to explain some details of elastic wave propagation in long bars. For example, due to the absence of very high frequencies in the obtained experimental results, the mathematical formulation of the problem should include physical damping for the corresponding range of high frequencies. This range can be defined by the filtering stage of the new approach in terms of the number of finite elements along the radial direction of the bar. By the variation of this number we can fit the experimental curves with the numerical results obtained by the new numerical technique. However, for the accurate numerical solution of the impact problem with zero physical damping, the number of elements in the radial direction should be large. By the comparison of the numerical and experimental data, we can accurately determine the longitudinal wave velocity from experiments. The accurate numerical solutions also allow the analysis of the uniformity of the different strain and velocity components across the radius at different distances from the impact face. The validity of some assumptions used in the 1-D theory for wave propagation in long bars is also checked by the use of the accurate numerical solution. We have also shown that at the elastic impact the known dispersion-correction technique used for the description of the shape of the wave pulse at different locations along the axisymmetric bar is inaccurate for the prediction of pulses close to the impact face. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Idesman, A. V.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Mates, S. P.] NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Idesman, AV (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alexander.idesman@coe.ttu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0324] FX The research of AVI has been supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (contract FA9550-12-1-0324). NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.04.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AL6DA UT WOS:000339221300001 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, Daniel K. Larson, Douglas M. TI Is a fish in hand worth two in the sea? Evidence from a stated preference study SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Fishing regulations; Recreational fishing; Stated preference methods ID SPORT FISHERY; ANGLERS; CHOICE; SALMON; ALASKA; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; POLICIES; HARVEST AB The value anglers place on their fishing opportunities is critical information for fully informing marine policy within an economic efficiency framework. In this paper, we use data from a 2007 stated preference survey of anglers to estimate the value of catching Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off the coast of Southeast and Southcentral Alaska, the primary regions for saltwater sport fishing in the state. The data support a specification that differentiates between values for fish that are caught and kept, caught and released (due to a bag limit restriction), and potential catch (fish in excess of the number caught but within the bag limit). The results indicate that for single-day marine private boat fishing trips where one species is caught with catches less than or equal to the allowable bag (or take) limit, Southeast Alaska residents had mean values for fishing ranging from $248 to $313 (U.S. dollars), depending upon whether the fish was kept or released. Single-day private boat fishing trips in Southcentral Alaska were valued between $284 and $385 by Alaska residents. Among Alaska residents, mean values for charter fishing trips in Southcentral Alaska were between $228 and $328. Non-residents had much higher total values for the same fishing experiences, likely due to the fact that the trips are both less common and considerably more expensive to participate in given the travel costs to Alaska. Mean trip values ranged from $1849 to $2686 for charter fishing in Southeast Alaska and $1954 to $2819 in Southcentral Alaska. Non-resident and Alaska resident anglers generally had statistically-significant positive values for increases in number of fish caught and kept, potential catch, and fish size. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Larson, Douglas M.] Univ Calif Davis, Giannini Fdn Agr Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; dmlarson@ucdavis.edu OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 157 BP 124 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.04.005 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AL0LY UT WOS:000338819600015 ER PT J AU Fletcher, PJ Kelble, CR Nuttle, WK Kiker, GA AF Fletcher, Pamela J. Kelble, Christopher R. Nuttle, William K. Kiker, Gregory A. TI Using the integrated ecosystem assessment framework to build consensus and transfer information to managers SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based management; Integrated ecosystem assessments; South Florida; EBM-DPSER; Conceptual ecological models; Bayesian Belief Networks ID DECISION-MAKING; CORAL-REEFS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; SOUTH FLORIDA; SCIENCE; SUSTAINABILITY; CHALLENGES; NETWORKS; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS AB Ecosystem-based management is widely regarded as a method to improve the way we manage our coastal marine resources and ecosystems. Effective ecosystem-based management relies upon synthesizing our scientific knowledge and transferring this knowledge into management actions. Integrated ecosystem assessment is a framework to conduct this scientific synthesis and transfer information to resource managers. Portions of the framework were applied to build consensus on the focal ecosystem components and processes that are characteristic of a sustainable South Florida coastal ecosystem that is producing ecosystem services at the level society desires. Consensus was developed through facilitated meetings that aimed to conceptualize the ecosystem, develop ecosystem indicators, and conduct risk analysis. Resource managers, researchers, academics, and non-governmental organizations participated in these meetings and contributed to the synthesis of science and a myriad of science communications to transfer information to decision makers and the public. A proof of concept Bayesian Belief Network was developed to explore integrating the results of this assessment into an interactive management scenario evaluation tool. The four year effort resulted in the development of a research and management coordination network in South Florida that should provide the foundation for implementing ecosystem-based resource management across multiple agencies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Pamela J.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant Coll Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fletcher, Pamela J.; Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nuttle, William K.] Ecohydrology, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Kiker, Gregory A.] Univ Florida, Agr & Biol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kiker, Gregory A.] Univ KwaZuZu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. RP Fletcher, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Florida Sea Grant, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Pamela.fletcher@noaa.gov; gkiker@ufl.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Fletcher, Pamela/F-7296-2015 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.024 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300004 ER PT J AU Cook, GS Fletcher, PJ Kelble, CR AF Cook, Geoffrey S. Fletcher, Pamela J. Kelble, Christopher R. TI Towards marine ecosystem based management in South Florida: Investigating the connections among ecosystem pressures, states, and services in a complex coastal system SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE DPSIR; Ecosystem based management; Ecosystem services; MARES; Social-ecological systems ID OCEAN; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; BENEFITS; IMPACT; BAY AB Marine ecosystem based management plans are gaining popularity with natural resource managers, but examples of their successful implementation remain few. The complexity inherent in marine ecosystems presents a major obstacle to understanding how individual ecosystem pressures impact multiple ecosystem states that in turn impact the provisioning of ecosystem services. To create and implement successful ecosystem based management plans will require tools for understanding these processes. Over the past three years integrated conceptual ecosystem models of the coastal marine environment have been developed as part of the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting for South Florida (MARES) project. Here we use these conceptual models in conjunction with a modified DPSIR model, expert opinion and matrix-based analyses to explore the direct and indirect relative impact of 12 ecosystem pressures on 11 ecosystem states and 11 ecosystem services identified through MARES. Within the South Florida coastal ecosystem the most pervasive pressures were freshwater delivery, temperature effects of climate change, and impacts of climate change on weather. For the study region the least pervasive pressures were recreational fishing, commercial fishing, and invasive species. The most at risk ecosystem states, as determined by cumulative impacts were fish and shellfish, protected species, and marine birds. By the same measure, the least at risk states were oyster reefs and inshore flats. The most at risk ecosystem services were existence of a natural system, pristine wilderness experience, and non-extractive recreation. The least impacted ecosystem services were commercial extraction, recreational fishing and climate stability. When the relative direct and indirect (i.e. including state to state interactions) impacts of ecosystem pressures were traced to individual ecosystem services, it was apparent that within the study domain a lack of freshwater delivery to coastal estuaries was the predominant pressure, and recreational fishing had the lowest relative impact on the provisioning of ecosystem services. Through this expert opinion analysis and exploration of the interaction strength among various ecosystem pressures, states, and ecosystem services, we can begin to understand the diverse manners in which ecosystem services are impacted by various pressures. In so doing we provide a tool for resource managers to understand the trade-offs among individual user groups and the possible impact on provisioning of ecosystem services that may occur when considering various management strategies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cook, Geoffrey S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.; Fletcher, Pamela J.; Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fletcher, Pamela J.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cook, GS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gcook@rsmas.miami.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Fletcher, Pamela/F-7296-2015 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; FU University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant FX We would like to thank all those individuals and agencies involved in the MARES process. We would like to also thank two anonymous reviewers and Peter Ortner and Joe Boyer for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work was made possible with support from the University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; and the University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.10.026 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300005 ER PT J AU Loomis, DK Ortner, PB Kelble, CR Paterson, SK AF Loomis, David K. Ortner, Peter B. Kelble, Christopher R. Paterson, Shona K. TI Developing integrated ecosystem indices SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Interdisciplinary indicators; Integrated ecosystem assessments; Human dimensions; Indices; Water column; Recreational quality ID CONCEPTUAL ECOLOGICAL MODEL; EVERGLADES ECOSYSTEMS; FLORIDA BAY; INDICATORS; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; ESTUARIES AB Enabling ecosystem-based management requires, among other things, reaching a scientifically based consensus with respect to the key characteristics of a sustainable ecosystem capable of supporting those levels of key ecosystem services desired by society. To determine and convey whether an ecosystem is in fact approaching this goal implies developing indicators that capture the status of both the natural and societal aspects of the system. That said, developing consistent and useful indicators for both societal and natural system aspects of the ecosystem requires both resolving disparate perspectives and inconsistent terminology between human dimensions and natural system scientists and keeping the number of indicators manageably few, without oversimplifying a highly complex ecosystem. To accomplish this we employed a "recursive relationship" approach that defined (and redefined) variables, indicators, and indices along a sliding hierarchy from measurable parameters to highly aggregated indices. To illustrate this approach it is applied herein to both a human dimensions index (recreational quality), and a natural sciences index (water column). This "recursive relationship" approach facilitated development of a parsimonious set of high-level indices that together constitute an ecosystem report card integrating natural system status and related societal dimensions from an ecosystem services perspective, while maintaining all of the information at lower levels necessary to inform specific management decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loomis, David K.; Paterson, Shona K.] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Loomis, DK (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, 250 Flanagan Bldg, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM loomisd@ecu.edu; portner@rsmas.miami.edu; chris.kelble@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.032 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300007 ER PT J AU Johns, G Lee, DJ Leeworthy, V Boyer, J Nuttle, W AF Johns, Grace Lee, Donna J. Leeworthy, Vernon (Bob) Boyer, Joseph Nuttle, William TI Developing economic indices to assess the human dimensions of the South Florida coastal marine ecosystem services SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem management; South Florida; Human dimensions; Ecosystem service; Economic indicator ID SOCIAL VULNERABILITY; MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION; HAZARDS; SCIENCE AB Resource managers in South Florida are aware that coastal and marine ecosystems provide food, recreation, and a quality of life that are highly-valued by humans. Estimates of economic values in Florida, such as willingness-to-pay for a day of coral reef snorkeling or the change in this value from a change in coral cover, are not updated in a timely manner or are not available at all. Usually these studies are "baseline studies" that provide a snapshot of economic values under existing economic and environmental conditions. Therefore, to be useful to ecosystems management, human dimension (HD) economic indicators that are relatively easy to measure each year must be identified. In addition, they must be combined with a conceptual model that links these indicators to the ecosystem services; their relevant economic values; the HD non-economic metrics of well-being; and the quality and/or quantity of the environmental and ecologic attributes associated with the ecosystem service. Carefully selected HD economic indicators together with ecological, environmental, and non-economic human dimensions indicators can provide a rich source of information for managing the long term conservation and use of coastal and marine ecosystems. In this paper, we specify criteria for selecting HD economic indicators that measure the change in demand for ecosystem services resulting from changes in the quality or quantity of the environmental attributes that comprise the service. We assessed a suite of candidate metrics and arrived at a final set of HD economic indicators for further evaluation. These HD economic indicators are the percentage change from year to year in: (1) coastal park visitation; (2) number of registered recreational boats; (3) pounds of commercial seafood landed; (4) number of live marine organisms landed; and (5) dollar value of insured flood damage claims paid. We illustrated the use of these HD economic indicators with an empirical example for the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas where the indicators are measured over a one year period. The changes were then scored and the scores were assigned a stop light rating of: green for good (or increasing), yellow for fair (or stable), and red for poor (or decreasing). Our empirical illustration of HD economic indicators offers a first step in developing metrics to rate the status of Florida's coastal and marine ecosystem services. The next steps are to propose a full suite of candidate HD economic indicators and metrics; final selection of HD economic indicators and their integration into the conceptual model; annual calculation of these indicators and their evaluation; and environmental/ecosystem assessment. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johns, Grace] Hazen & Sawyer, Hollywood, FL 33021 USA. [Lee, Donna J.] DJL Econ Consulting, Honolulu, HI 96815 USA. [Leeworthy, Vernon (Bob)] NOAA, NOS, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Boyer, Joseph] Plymouth State Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, Ctr Environm, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Nuttle, William] Ecohydrology, Ottawa, ON K1S 4B6, Canada. RP Nuttle, W (reprint author), Ecohydrology, 11 Craig St, Ottawa, ON K1S 4B6, Canada. EM wnuttle@eco-hydrology.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.014 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300009 ER PT J AU Ogden, JC Baldwin, JD Bass, OL Browder, JA Cook, MI Frederick, PC Frezza, PE Galvez, RA Hodgson, AB Meyer, KD Oberhofer, LD Paul, AF Fletcher, PJ Davis, SM Lorenz, JJ AF Ogden, John C. Baldwin, John D. Bass, Oron L. Browder, Joan A. Cook, Mark I. Frederick, Peter C. Frezza, Peter E. Galvez, Rafael A. Hodgson, Ann B. Meyer, Kenneth D. Oberhofer, Lori D. Paul, Ann F. Fletcher, Pamela J. Davis, Steven M. Lorenz, Jerome J. TI Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of Southern Florida: 2. Conceptual ecological models SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Waterbirds; Marine coastal ecology; Southern Florida; Ecosystem restoration; Restoration targets; Conceptual ecological modeling ID BREEDING WADING BIRDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OIL-SPILL; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PREY AVAILABILITY; NORTH-SEA; LONG-TERM; BAY; EVERGLADES; REPRODUCTION AB In our companion manuscript we identified 11 waterbirds as indicators of various pressures on the coastal marine ecosystems of southern Florida. Here, we identify the habitats on which these species depend and the ecological linkages that make them representative of those habitats. Through the use of conceptual ecological models (CEMs), we develop tools that can be used by managers/decision makers to evaluate the health of the various habitats in order to rectify myriad problems that are occurring or will possibly occur in the future such that the valuable ecosystem services provided by these habitats can be maximized. We also demonstrate the practical use of these tools by documenting data availability, benchmarks, and scientific needs for each species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldwin, John D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Bass, Oron L.; Oberhofer, Lori D.] Everglades Natl Pk, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Mark I.] South Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Assessment Sect, W Palm Beach, FL 33146 USA. [Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Frezza, Peter E.; Lorenz, Jerome J.] Audubon Florida, Everglades Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. [Galvez, Rafael A.] Florida Keys Hawkwatch, Trop Audubon Soc, Miami, FL 33143 USA. [Hodgson, Ann B.] Resource Designs Inc, Brooksville, FL 34605 USA. [Meyer, Kenneth D.] Avian Res & Conservat Inst, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Paul, Ann F.] Audubon Florida, Florida Coastal Isl Sanctuaries, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. [Fletcher, Pamela J.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant Coll Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Davis, Steven M.] Ibis Ecosyst Associates Inc, Ft Myers, FL 33912 USA. RP Lorenz, JJ (reprint author), Audubon Florida, Everglades Sci Ctr, 115 Indian Mound Trail, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. EM jlorenz@audubon.org RI Fletcher, Pamela/F-7296-2015 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX We would also like to thank all who participated in the MARES process, which heavily influenced this work. In particular we would like to thank Chris Kelble, the editor and two anonymous reviewers for making revision suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 142 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 128 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.008 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300014 ER PT J AU Ogden, JC Baldwin, JD Bass, OL Browder, JA Cook, MI Frederick, PC Frezza, PE Galvez, RA Hodgson, AB Meyer, KD Oberhofer, LD Paul, AF Fletcher, PJ Davis, SM Lorenz, JJ AF Ogden, John C. Baldwin, John D. Bass, Oron L. Browder, Joan A. Cook, Mark I. Frederick, Peter C. Frezza, Peter E. Galvez, Rafael A. Hodgson, Ann B. Meyer, Kenneth D. Oberhofer, Lori D. Paul, Ann F. Fletcher, Pamela J. Davis, Steven M. Lorenz, Jerome J. TI Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of southern Florida: 1. Selection and justification for a suite of indicator species SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Waterbirds; Marine coastal ecology; Southern Florida; Ecosystem restoration; Restoration targets; Conceptual ecological modeling ID WADING BIRDS; COLONIAL WATERBIRDS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PREY AVAILABILITY; LESSER SCAUP; BALD EAGLES; OIL-SPILL; NORTH-SEA; LONG-TERM; POPULATIONS AB The coastal marine environment is currently under threat from many anthropogenic pressures that were identified by the MARES project. Indicators of ecosystem health are needed so that targets can be set to guide protection and restoration efforts. Species of birds that are dependent on coastal habitats are ubiquitous along the coasts of southern Florida. Generally referred to as waterbirds, these species, although not all taxonomically related, share a common dependency on the marine environment for food, nesting habitat, or both. A suite of waterbirds was selected based on their perceived sensitivity to pressures in multiple coastal habitat types. The list of species was refined on the basis of a review of life history for characteristics that might make the species particularly vulnerable. Each selected species was then evaluated for sensitivity to the identified pressures using a hierarchical assessment that took into account the sensitivity, severity, and the temporal and spatial scales of the indicator to the given pressures. The selected suite of indicators was collectively sensitive to all the pressures except one. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldwin, John D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Bass, Oron L.; Oberhofer, Lori D.] Everglades Natl Pk, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Mark I.] South Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Syst Assessment Sect, W Palm Beach, FL 33146 USA. [Frederick, Peter C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Frezza, Peter E.; Lorenz, Jerome J.] Audubon Florida, Everglades Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. [Galvez, Rafael A.] Florida Keys Hawkwatch, Trop Audubon Soc, Miami, FL 33143 USA. [Hodgson, Ann B.] Resource Designs Inc, Brooksville, FL 34605 USA. [Meyer, Kenneth D.] Avian Res & Conservat Inst, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Paul, Ann F.] Audubon Florida, Florida Coastal Isl Sanctuaries, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. [Fletcher, Pamela J.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant Coll Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Davis, Steven M.] Ibis Ecosyst Associates Inc, Ft Myers, FL 33912 USA. RP Lorenz, JJ (reprint author), Audubon Florida, Everglades Sci Ctr, 115 Indian Mound Trail, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. EM jlorenz@audubon.org RI Fletcher, Pamela/F-7296-2015 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program) [NA08OAR4320889, NA09NOS4780224, NA09NOS4780225, NA09NOS4780226, NA09NOS4780227, NA09NOS4780228] FX We dedicate this manuscript and the companion manuscript to the memory of John C. Ogden: ornithologist, ecologist, statesman, mentor, colleague, and friend to us all. We would also like to thank all who participated in the MARES process, which heavily influenced this work. In particular we would like to thank Chris Kelble, the editor and two anonymous reviewers for making revision suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (Coastal Ocean Program), under award NA08OAR4320889 to the University of Miami, NA09NOS4780224 to Nova Southeastern University, NA09NOS4780225 to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, NA09NOS4780226 to the National Audubon Society, NA09NOS4780227 to Florida Gulf Coast University, NA09NOS4780228 to Florida International University, and to the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 166 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 148 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.007 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300015 ER PT J AU Ault, JS Smith, SG Browder, JA Nuttle, W Franklin, EC Luo, J DiNardoe, GT Bohnsack, JA AF Ault, J. S. Smith, S. G. Browder, J. A. Nuttle, W. Franklin, E. C. Luo, J. DiNardoe, G. T. Bohnsack, J. A. TI Indicators for assessing the ecological dynamics and sustainability of southern Florida's coral reef and coastal fisheries SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Average size; Length-based assessment; Fishery exploitation; Community-level sustainability ID LENGTH-BASED ASSESSMENT; STOCK PRODUCTION MODEL; FISH STOCKS; REFERENCE POINTS; AVERAGE-LENGTH; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; SITUATIONS; MORTALITY; STEEPNESS AB Commercial and recreational fisheries target hundreds of fish and shellfish species across the seascape of southern Florida including inshore coastal bays, the flats of barrier islands, coral reefs and offshore pelagic waters. The ecological dynamics and economic sustainability of these valuable fishery resources are key conservation concerns. This study examined two ecological indicators of fishing impacts on exploited populations: (1) the more traditional metric catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE); and (2) the non-traditional metric average length (L) in the exploited life stage of a population. We show that both indicators were closely related to stock productivity via fisheries population dynamics theory, and that either indicator could be used to estimate fishing mortality rates (F). Data requirements are much less stringent for estimating F from the L indicator than CPUE, making it more practical for data-poor situations common to tropical marine fisheries. Using indicator-based estimates of F within a population dynamic modeling framework enabled an evaluation of fishing impacts on sustainability at both the species and community levels, an important step toward ecosystem-based fisheries assessment and management. A comparison of these approaches applied to the assessment of southern Florida coral reef fisheries suggested that fishing has fundamentally altered the ecological structure of the fish community by depleting the biomass of higher-trophic level carnivores to the extent that the stocks are unsustainable. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ault, J. S.; Smith, S. G.; Luo, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Browder, J. A.; Bohnsack, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nuttle, W.] Ecohydrol Com, Ottawa, ON K1SB46, Canada. [Franklin, E. C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [DiNardoe, G. T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU NOAA NOS CSCOR Program Award [NA08OAR4320889]; Bonefish and Tarpon Trust; Robertson Foundation; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center iREEF (Integrated Reef Ecosystem Evaluation Framework) [WE- 133F-12-SE-2099]; NOAA Pulley Ridge Grant [NA11NOS4780045]; Papahanumokuakea MNS Grant [RA133C12SE2107]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Grant [0302-12-031178]; NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program Grant [NA17RJ1226]; NOM MARFIN Grant [NA11NMF4330129]; National Science Foundation [EAR-1204752] FX We appreciate the technical assistance provided by M.S. Adams, D.R. Bryan, M.O. Nadon and N.R. Vaughan. This paper is a result of research under the Marine and Estuarine Goal Setting (MARES) for South Florida Project funded by NOAA NOS CSCOR Program Award No. NA08OAR4320889, Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Robertson Foundation, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center iREEF (Integrated Reef Ecosystem Evaluation Framework) Contract No. WE- 133F-12-SE-2099, NOAA Pulley Ridge Grant No. NA11NOS4780045, Papahanumokuakea MNS Grant No. RA133C12SE2107, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Grant No. 0302-12-031178, NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program Grant No. NA17RJ1226, and the NOM MARFIN Grant No. NA11NMF4330129. This material was also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR-1204752. This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300016 ER PT J AU McManus, LC Yurek, S Teare, PB Dolan, TE Serafy, JE AF McManus, L. C. Yurek, S. Teare, P. B. Dolan, T. E. Serafy, J. E. TI Killifish habitat suitability as a measure of coastal restoration performance: Integrating field data, behavioral trials and simulation SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Indicator species; Salinity preference; Forage fish management scenarios ID EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; SALINITY PREFERENCE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BISCAYNE BAY; LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS; MANGROVE SHORELINE; ESTUARINE FISH; FEEDING-HABITS; SOUTH FLORIDA; TEMPERATURE AB One of the goals of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) is to restore more natural salinity regimes to the coastal bays of South Florida (USA) with the aim of improving their degraded estuarine function (e.g., as productive feeding and nursery areas). Here, we examined the occurrence (presence absence) and concentration (presence-only fish density) of goldspotted killifish (Floridichthys carpio) observed in an ongoing fish survey as potential indicators of restoration performance in Biscayne Bay, Florida To determine F. carpio salinity affinity, we applied regression analyses to field data and performed behavioral choice trials in the laboratory, whereby individuals were exposed to a salinity gradient (10-50). Analysis of field data indicated a parabolic relationship between killifish occurrence and salinity, where occurrence is maximized at salinity similar to 22. Killifish concentration was unrelated to salinity. Experimental salinity choice results tended to agree with field observations of occurrence and demonstrated a preference for intermediate salinity levels (10-30). Finally, we performed a simulation exercise to compare seasonal changes in habitat suitability within our study domain over the course of one year. Seasonal comparisons were performed as a proxy for assessing different freshwater management alternatives. We applied the relationship between killifish occurrence and salinity that resulted from analyses of field data to the output of a published hydrodynamic salinity transport model. This exercise provided areal estimates of suitable habitat gained or lost, as well as maps indicating the geographic distribution of habitat quality by season. We conclude that: (1) continued field monitoring of goldspotted killifish occurrence is warranted for its utility as a biological indicator of nearshore salinity conditions in an ecosystem-based management framework and (2) the regression relationships revealed by the present study may be useful in habitat suitability modeling exercises, especially those that compare impacts of different freshwater flow scenarios via simulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McManus, L. C.; Teare, P. B.; Dolan, T. E.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yurek, S.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Cox Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP McManus, LC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lisacm@princeton.edu; syurek@bio.miami.edu; brian.teare@noaa.gov; tdolan@rsmas.miami.edu; joe.serafy@noaa.gov FU US National Marine Fisheries Service; US Army Corps of Engineers; South Florida Water Management District; USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program; USGS Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species project FX This work was conducted under Special Activity License 07SR-1015. Financial support was provided by the US National Marine Fisheries Service and by the joint Restoration Coordination and Verification Program of the US Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District. S. Yurek was supported by the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science Program and by the USGS Future Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Habitats and Species project. We thank E. Orbesen and D. Snodgrass for their technical help. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 SI SI BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.006 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK7KX UT WOS:000338608300017 ER PT J AU Williams, EH Davydoy, AV Oleshko, VP Steffens, KL Levin, I Lin, NJ Bertness, KA Manocchi, AK Schreifels, JA Rao, MV AF Williams, Elissa H. Davydoy, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Steffens, Kristen L. Levin, Igor Lin, Nancy J. Bertness, Kris A. Manocchi, Amy K. Schreifels, John A. Rao, Mulpuri V. TI Solution-based functionalization of gallium nitride nanowires for protein sensor development SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; Nanowire; Functionalization; Protein; Biosensor ID CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION; LABEL-FREE; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; DEVICES AB A solution-based functionalization method for the specific and selective attachment of the streptavidin (SA) protein to gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) is presented. By exploiting streptavidin's strong affinity for its ligand biotin, SA immobilization on GaN NWs was achieved by exposing the GaN NW surface to a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) solution followed by reaction with biotin. Functionalization of the NWs with AFTES was facilitated by the presence of an approximate to 1 nm thick surface oxide layer, which formed on the NWs after exposure to air and oxygen plasma. Biotinylation was accomplished by reacting the APTES-functionalized NI/Vs with sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin at slightly alkaline pH. It was determined that the biotinylated GaN NW surface was specific towards the binding of SA and demonstrated no affinity towards a control protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). There was however, evidence of non-specific, electrostatic binding of both the SA protein and the BSA protein to the NWs, revealing the importance of the biotinylation step. Successful SA immobilization on the biotinylated GaN NW surface was verified using fluorescence microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The functionalized GaN NWs demonstrate potential as biosensing platforms for the selective detection of proteins. C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Davydoy, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Levin, Igor; Lin, Nancy J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manocchi, Amy K.] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Davydoy, AV (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ehwill@nist.gov; albert.davydov@nist.gov; vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov; kristen.steffens@nist.gov; igor.levin@nist.gov; nancy.lin@nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov; amy.manocchi.ctr@mail.mil; jschreif@gmu.edu; rmulpuri@gmu.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; [MML12-1053-N00]; [0633478] FX The authors are appreciative of the helpful discussions with Dr. Rebecca A. Zangmeister (Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST). EHW, MVR, and JAS gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (Grant # ECCS-0901712). VPO gratefully acknowledges the financial support from NIST under contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814 and the MML12-1053-N00 Grant, award #0633478. AKM was supported by a contractual appointment to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 627 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2014.04.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AK7PZ UT WOS:000338621500004 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Szuwalski, CS Stockhausen, W AF Punt, Andre E. Szuwalski, Cody S. Stockhausen, William TI An evaluation of stock-recruitment proxies and environmental change points for implementing the US Sustainable Fisheries Act SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE B-MSY; Control rules; Crab; F-MSY; North Pacific; Stock-recruitment relationship ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; PACIFIC REGIME SHIFTS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; BRISTOL BAY; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SNOW CRAB; PRODUCTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; GROUNDFISH AB The US Sustainable Fisheries Act requires overfishing limits for all managed stocks and evaluations of whether stocks are in overfished status or subject to overfishing. Overfishing is defined relative to the exploitation rate corresponding to MSY, F-MSY, while being in an overfished state relates to stock biomass relative to the biomass corresponding to MSY, B-MSY. F-MSY and B-MSY are impossible to estimate for most US fish and invertebrate stocks. Consequently, management advice for Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI) crab stocks is based on "proxies", such as that F-MSY is approximated by F-35%. Furthermore, B-MSY should be defined under prevailing environmental conditions, which implies using only past data under current environmental conditions to estimate B-MSY. Assessments for five BSAI crab stocks are used to evaluate the estimates of B-MSY from a variety of methods for calculating B-MSY proxies. Analyses based on fitting stock-recruitment relationships to the estimates of recruitment and mature male biomass from these assessments suggest that the assumption F-MSY = F-35% is generally reasonable, but that the stock and recruitment data do not generally support the current B-MSY values. Changes over time in average recruitment and in the form of the stock-recruitment relationship were found for most stocks. Of the methods considered, fitting stock-recruitment relationships and exploring whether they have changed over time appears the most promising approach. The dynamic B-0 method also appears promising, but there is considerable uncertainty in B-MSY values between harvest control rules, and assumptions regarding how recruitment is adjusted given changes in mature male biomass. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Szuwalski, Cody S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stockhausen, William] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu OI Stockhausen, William/0000-0003-3633-2157 FU North Pacific Research Board [1103] FX This is North Pacific Research Board publication number 486. The North Pacific Research Board (grant no. 1103) provided funding for this work. Anne Hollowed (AFSC) is thanked for comments on an earlier version of this paper. The authors of the stock assessments for the BSAI crab stocks are thanked for providing the data used for the analyses. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 157 BP 28 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.03.015 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AL0LY UT WOS:000338819600005 ER PT J AU Prosdocimi, L Dutton, PH Albareda, D Remis, MI AF Prosdocimi, L. Dutton, P. H. Albareda, D. Remis, M. I. TI Origin and genetic diversity of leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea) at Argentine foraging grounds SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Dermochelys coriacea; Distribution; Endangered species; Feeding grounds; Migrations ID TURTLE CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BAYESIAN METHODS; BRAZILIAN COAST; SOUTH ATLANTIC; MARINE TURTLES; MOVEMENTS AB To conduct conservation of migratory species, such as marine turtles, is important to understand the population structure throughout the entire distribution of the species. We study the genetic composition of the leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea foraging in waters off Argentina by analyzing 763 bp sequences of the mtDNA control region in order to determine the nesting origin of these animals. A total of 40 samples were collected from adult leatherbacks (mean 143.5; 180-123 cm curved carapace length) captured (10%) in fisheries or encountered as strandings (90%). Based on analysis of mtDNA sequences we detected 4 haplotypes, the most common (n = 26) being DC1.1, and the other two rarer DC1.3 (n = 4), DC13.1 (n = 2), and DC1A (n = 1). The genetic diversity was evaluated through the haplotype (0,3712 +/- 0, 1000) and nucleotide diversities (0, 000521 +/- 0, 000553). Bayesian Mixed Stock Analysis (MSA) showed that the Buenos Aires foraging leatherbacks come primarily from the West African rookeries (Ghana and Gabon, mean estimate = 69% and 14% respectively). MSA results are consistent with those from mark-recapture studies, since four leatherbacks captured in Argentinean waters were adult females that were originally tagged on the nesting beaches in Gabon, West Africa. Our findings demonstrate the connection between nesting and foraging areas in the South Atlantic and illustrate the importance of the Malvinas ecoregion to the survival of migratory marine vertebrates, such as leatherbacks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prosdocimi, L.; Remis, M. I.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Inst IEGEBA CONICET UBA, Lab Genet Estructura Poblac,Dept Ecol Genet & Evo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Dutton, P. H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Albareda, D.] Acuario Jardin Zool Ciudad Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Prosdocimi, L (reprint author), Blandengues 660, RA-1609 Boulogne, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM lprosdo@yahoo.com.ar FU wildlife agencies of Buenos Aires province; National Wildlife Agency of Argentina; Buenos Aires Zoo; Universidad de Buenos Aires [X-00412] FX Access to study animals was kindly facilitated by the Regional Program for Sea Turtle Research and Conservation of Argentina (Acuario de Buenos Aires, Aquamarina-CECIM, Fundacion Mundo Marino and Reserva Natural de Usos Multiples Bahia Blanca, Bahia Falsa y Bahia Verde). The wildlife agencies of Buenos Aires province and the National Wildlife Agency of Argentina issued permits and supported our research. We are also grateful to the fishermen from San Clemente del Tuyu, Ingeniero White, Puerto Rosales, and Villa del Mar who provided information and collaborated with the program. We would like to thank Ignacio Bruno and Lic. Sergio Rodriguez-Heredia and Lic. Karina Alvarez for their assistance during fieldwork activities and special thanks to Javier H. Otero for his helpful assistance in figure preparation. Funding was provided by the Buenos Aires Zoo to DA and Universidad de Buenos Aires (X-00412). This study adhered to the legal requirements of the countries in which the work was carried out and to all institutional guidelines. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 458 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.04.025 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AK4NS UT WOS:000338402000003 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Calizo, I Liang, XL Sperling, BA Johnston-Peck, AC Li, W Maslar, JE Richter, CA Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Calizo, Irene Liang, Xuelei Sperling, Brent A. Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Li, Wei Maslar, James E. Richter, Curt A. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Carbon scrolls from chemical vapor deposition grown graphene SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID HIGH-QUALITY; NANOSCROLLS; GRAPHITE; OXIDE; NANOTUBES; SHEETS; FILMS; FABRICATION; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB We present an investigation on the carbon scrolls produced from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene. A wet, polymer-mediated process is used to transfer CVD grown graphene from copper foil to a Si/SiO2 or metal substrate. Upon the removal of polymer and drying, tearing of the graphene occurs and carbon scrolls are produced from the ruptured graphene. We demonstrate that the optical and electronic properties of these scrolls are comparable to those from exfoliated graphene. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that the isolated scrolls exhibit a similar morphology to those formed from exfoliated graphene. Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conformational change from graphene to scrolls. The scrolls have a more pronounced Raman D peak than graphene and display a large variation in the integrated intensity of Raman G and G' peaks at different scroll locations. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm that the graphene layers in the scrolls are non-AB stacked. The scroll field-effect-transistor (PET) device exhibits an ambipolar behavior, resembling the graphene FET device. This work demonstrates the possibility of fabricating carbon scrolls using CVD grown graphene on various substrates and paves the way for advancing their applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Calizo, Irene; Liang, Xuelei; Li, Wei; Richter, Curt A.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Calizo, Irene] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Liang, Xuelei; Li, Wei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liang, Xuelei; Li, Wei] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guanun.cheng@nist.gov RI Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU National Research Council FX I.C. was partially and A.C.J. is supported by the National Research Council. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We identify certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD SEP PY 2014 VL 76 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.076 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AJ8VF UT WOS:000337985300030 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Vecchi, GA Rosati, A Zhang, SQ Yang, XS AF Chang, You-Soon Vecchi, Gabriel A. Rosati, Anthony Zhang, Shaoqing Yang, Xiaosong TI Comparison of global objective analyzed T-S fields of the upper ocean for 2008-2011 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Objective analysis; Upper ocean temperature; Climatology ID HEAT-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; SEA; VARIABILITY; SALINITY AB There have been few attempts to quantify errors in various objective analyzed (OA) fields, even though they have potential uncertainties associated with data handling and mapping methods. Here, we compare five different OA fields (EN3, GFDL, IPRC, JAMSTEC, and SIO) for 2008-2011. The variability and linear trends of the upper ocean temperature are very similar in every ocean basin, but the mean values are different from each other. This discrepancy is evident, especially around the southern ocean (+/- 0.07 degrees C in the Antarctic Ocean) where Argo observations are still sparse, which is related to different first-guess climatologies and decorrelation length scales applied to individual OA products. In the subpolar North Atlantic, detailed spatial anomalous patterns are also different. Along the boundary current areas, substantial warming (salting) anomalies with respect to WOA09 climatology are depicted by GFDL, IPRC, and SIO. By comparing with statistical bin-averaged fields and data assimilation products, we confirm that this anomalous pattern is robust, but it could be exaggerated when we calculate the anomalies with WOA09 climatology or other OA fields showing a relatively weak horizontal gradient across the boundary current regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, You-Soon] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Rosati, Anthony; Zhang, Shaoqing; Yang, Xiaosong] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rosati, Anthony; Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. EM yschang@kongju.ac.kr RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL) FX This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL), which is administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). We acknowledge the international Argo program for its rich, publicly available database, and research groups on EN3, GFDL, IPRC, JAMSTEC, and SIO, which helped in making this study possible. We thank Prof. Dean Roemmich at SIO for his comments regarding the earlier version of this manuscript. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 137 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.04.001 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ7EE UT WOS:000337859200002 ER PT J AU Gambacorta, A Barnet, C Wolf, W King, T Maddy, E Strow, L Xiong, XZ Nalli, N Goldberg, M AF Gambacorta, Antonia Barnet, Christopher Wolf, Walter King, Thomas Maddy, Eric Strow, Larrabee Xiong, Xiaozhen Nalli, Nicholas Goldberg, Mitchell TI An Experiment Using High Spectral Resolution CrIS Measurements for Atmospheric Trace Gases: Carbon Monoxide Retrieval Impact Study SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; hyperspectral sounders; Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (SNPP CrIS); spectral resolution ID PRODUCTS; SENSORS; RECORD AB We perform a demonstration experiment using the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Unique Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)/ Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Processing System to assess the improvement on trace gas retrievals upon switching to high spectral resolution CrIS radiance measurements (0.625 cm(-1)). The focus of this study is carbon monoxide retrievals. The experimental high spectral resolution CO retrievals show a remarkable improvement, of almost up to one order of magnitude in the degree of freedom of the signal, with respect to the low-resolution mode. Furthermore, high-resolution CO retrievals show similar skill with respect to existing CO operational products from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder, Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer, and Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere instruments, both in terms of spatial variability and degrees of freedom. The results of this research provide evidence to support the need for high spectral resolution CrIS measurements. This is a fundamental prerequisite in guaranteeing continuity to the CO afternoon orbit monitoring as part of a multisatellite uniformly integrated long-term data record of atmospheric trace gases. C1 [Gambacorta, Antonia; King, Thomas; Xiong, Xiaozhen; Nalli, Nicholas] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Natl Environm Satell, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Barnet, Christopher] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Wolf, Walter; Goldberg, Mitchell] NOAA, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Natl Environm Satell, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Maddy, Eric] Sci & Technol Corp, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Natl Environm Satell, Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Gambacorta, A (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res Natl Environm Satell, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM antonia.gambacorta@noaa.gov RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1639 EP 1643 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2303641 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI2CU UT WOS:000336665500011 ER EF