FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A AF Smolyanitsky, Alex TI Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal ripples in graphene with bond-order-informed harmonic constraints SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simulation; molecular dynamics; graphene; thermal ripples ID HYDROCARBONS; SCATTERING AB We describe the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of thermal rippling in graphene with the use of a generic harmonic constraint model. The distance and angular constraint constants are calculated directly from the second-generation bond-order interatomic potential that describes carbon binding in graphene. We quantify the thermal rippling process in detail by calculating the overall rippling averages, the normal-normal correlation distributions and the height distributions. In addition, we consider the effect of a dihedral angular constraint, as well as the effect of sample size on the simulated rippling averages. The dynamic corrugation morphologies of simulated graphene samples obtained with the harmonic constraint model at various temperatures are, overall, consistent with those obtained with the bond-order potential and are in qualitative accord with previously reported findings. Given the wide availability of the harmonic constraint model in various molecular mechanics implementations, along with its high computational efficiency, our results indicate a possible use for the presented model in multicomponent dynamic simulations, including atomically thin layers. C1 [Smolyanitsky, Alex] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Smolyanitsky, Alex] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 35 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 5 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 48 AR 485701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/48/485701 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU0AU UT WOS:000345286400017 PM 25380352 ER PT J AU Varney, MCM Zhang, QX Tasinkevych, M Silvestre, NM Bertness, KA Smalyukh, II AF Varney, Michael C. M. Zhang, Qiaoxuan Tasinkevych, Mykola Silvestre, Nuno M. Bertness, Kris A. Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Periodic dynamics, localization metastability, and elastic interaction of colloidal particles with confining surfaces and helicoidal structure of cholesteric liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STOKES DRAG; MANIPULATION; BEAD AB Nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals are three-dimensional fluids that possess long-range orientational ordering and can support both topological defects and chiral superstructures. Implications of this ordering remain unexplored even for simple dynamic processes such as the ones found in so-called "fall experiments," or motion of a spherical inclusion under the effects of gravity. Here we show that elastic and surface anchoring interactions prompt periodic dynamics of colloidal microparticles in confined cholesterics when gravity acts along the helical axis. We explore elastic interactions between colloidal microparticles and confining surfaces as well as with an aligned ground-state helical structure of cholesterics for different sizes of spheres relative to the cholesteric pitch, demonstrating unexpected departures from Stokes-like behavior at very low Reynolds numbers. We characterize metastable localization of microspheres under the effects of elastic and surface anchoring periodic potential landscapes seen by moving spheres, demonstrating the important roles played by anchoring memory, confinement, and topological defect transformation. These experimental findings are consistent with the results of numerical modeling performed through minimizing the total free energy due to colloidal inclusions at different locations along the helical axis and with respect to the confining substrates. A potential application emerging from this work is colloidal sorting based on particle shapes and sizes. C1 [Varney, Michael C. M.; Zhang, Qiaoxuan; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Qiaoxuan; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tasinkevych, Mykola] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tasinkevych, Mykola] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Silvestre, Nuno M.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Teor & Computac, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Silvestre, Nuno M.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystals Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Varney, MCM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ivan.smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011; Silvestre, Nuno/G-5098-2010; Tasinkevych, Mykola/I-5134-2015 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966; Silvestre, Nuno/0000-0001-5638-0792; Tasinkevych, Mykola/0000-0001-6689-1844 FU NSF [DMR-0847782] FX We acknowledge discussions with Julian Evans, Bohdan Senyuk, Paul Ackerman, Taewoo Lee, John Price, Chris Twombly, Aric Sanders, and Bennet Schwab. We thank Aric Sanders and acknowledge the use of the NIST imaging facility for obtaining the SEM image of a SPMB particle shown in the inset of Fig. 1(b). This work was supported in part by the NSF Grant No. DMR-0847782 (M. C. M. V. and I. I. S.) and by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. ER46921, Contract No. DE-SC0010305 with the University of Colorado (I. I. S.). N. M. S. and M. T. acknowledge partial financial support from the European Union via the 7th Framework International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Marie-Curie Grant No. PIRSES-GA-2010-269181, and from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) via Grant No. EXCL/FIS-NAN/0083/2012. N. M. S. also acknowledges partial financial support via FCT Grants No. SFRH/BPD/40327/2007, No. PTDC/FIS/119162/2010, and No. PEstOE/FIS/U10618/2011. Portions of this work related to the fabrication of GaN nanowires contributed by K. A. B. are the contribution of a United States government agency and not subject to copyright. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC 4 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.062502 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AW6JB UT WOS:000346374700004 PM 25615114 ER PT J AU Helton, JS Pajerowski, DM Qiu, YM Zhao, Y Shulyatev, DA Mukovskii, YM Bychkov, GL Barilo, SN Lynn, JW AF Helton, Joel S. Pajerowski, Daniel M. Qiu, Yiming Zhao, Yang Shulyatev, Dmitry A. Mukovskii, Yakov M. Bychkov, Georgii L. Barilo, Sergei N. Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Polaron-mediated spin correlations in metallic and insulating La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3) (A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDE LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; FERROMAGNETIC MANGANITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA1-XCAXMNO3; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB Neutron spectroscopy measurements reveal short-range spin correlations near and above the ferromagneticparamagnetic phase transition in manganite materials of the form La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3), including samples with an insulating ground state as well as colossal magnetoresistive samples with a metallic ground state. Quasielastic magnetic scattering is revealed that forms clear ridges running along the [100]-type directions in momentum space. A simple model consisting of a conduction electron hopping between spin-polarized Mn ions that becomes self-trapped after a few hops captures the essential physics of this magnetic component of the scattering. We associate this scattering component with the magnetic part of diffuse polarons, as we observe a temperature dependence similar to that of the diffuse structural scattering arising from individual polarons. C1 [Helton, Joel S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Helton, Joel S.; Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Qiu, Yiming; Zhao, Yang; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shulyatev, Dmitry A.; Mukovskii, Yakov M.] Natl Univ Sci & Technol MISiS, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Bychkov, Georgii L.; Barilo, Sergei N.] Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Helton, JS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM helton@usna.edu; jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [DMR-0944772]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council [N001614WX30023]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [3.2076.2014/K] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (USA) under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. J.S.H acknowledges partial support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Academy Research Council, Award No. N001614WX30023. D.A.S. acknowledges in part the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Project No. 3.2076.2014/K, designated within the framework of 2014-2016 competitive grants for universities. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 21 AR 214411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.214411 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CA9RE UT WOS:000349261700002 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Marmet, C Cameron, CM Williams, DE AF Miller, M. W. Marmet, C. Cameron, C. M. Williams, D. E. TI Prevalence, consequences, and mitigation of fireworm predation on endangered staghorn coral SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hermodice carunculata; Acropora cervicornis; Corallivory; Florida Keys; Restoration ID HERMODICE-CARUNCULATA; ACROPORA-CERVICORNIS; REEF; MORTALITY; FLORIDA; RESTORATION; ATLANTIC; DECLINE; USA AB In the current era of reduced coral populations, the effects of predation are likely to compromise the growing investment in restocking of imperiled coral populations and may be a strong, chronic deterrent of natural population recovery. A 2 yr surveillance study documented highly variable prevalence of predation by the fireworm Hermodice carunculata on both wild (0 to 51%) and restocked (0 to 53%) populations of the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis, but significantly higher prevalence overall in 2012 than 2011. In addition, individual predation scars (branch tips) were tagged to determine the costs of predation both in terms of healing time (i.e. to recover positive rates of branch growth) and in terms of likelihood of progressive disease-like tissue loss on preyed branch tips. The risk of preyed branches showing progressive tissue loss at the subsequent survey was 10 times higher than for non-preyed branches. A survival analysis indicated an estimated mean time to healing for preyed branch tips of 110 +/- 6 d (95% confidence). Finally, an experiment conducted in 2013 tested whether removing the dead skeleton from preyed branch tips could accelerate recovery. Indeed, this intervention shortened the mean time to formation of a new apical tip to 46 d (range: 22 to 92 d). Thus, fireworm predation imposes significant costs on both remnant wild and restocked staghorn colonies, but removing dead tips, rather than leaving them to bioerode, is a useful strategy to accelerate recovery from predation. C1 [Miller, M. W.; Cameron, C. M.; Williams, D. E.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Marmet, C.; Cameron, C. M.; Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov FU Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary [FKNMS-2011- 032-A1, FKNMS-2013-065]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Aquarius Reef Base FX This project was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program and Aquarius Reef Base. Field support and assistance by K. Lohr, A. Bright, C. Kiel, O. Rutten, and T. Roberts are greatly appreciated. The work would not have been possible without the invaluable collaboration and support of K. Nedimyer (Coral Restoration Foundation) for which we are truly honored and grateful. This study was conducted under Permits FKNMS-2011- 032-A1 and FKNMS-2013-065 from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 516 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.3354/meps10996 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW7BH UT WOS:000346418900015 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Matsuo, M Tang, WS Wu, H Stavila, V Soloninin, AV Skoryunov, RV Babanova, OA Skripov, AV Rush, JJ Unemoto, A Takamura, H Orimo, S AF Udovic, Terrence J. Matsuo, Motoaki Tang, Wan Si Wu, Hui Stavila, Vitalie Soloninin, Alexei V. Skoryunov, Roman V. Babanova, Olga A. Skripov, Alexander V. Rush, John J. Unemoto, Atsushi Takamura, Hitoshi Orimo, Shin-ichi TI Exceptional Superionic Conductivity in Disordered Sodium Decahydro-closo-decaborate SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES; ANION REORIENTATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITION; NA2B12H12; LI2B12H12; BATTERIES; SYSTEM; TRENDS; NA C1 [Udovic, Terrence J.; Tang, Wan Si; Wu, Hui; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuo, Motoaki; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Tang, Wan Si; Wu, Hui; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Soloninin, Alexei V.; Skoryunov, Roman V.; Babanova, Olga A.; Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Unemoto, Atsushi; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Takamura, Hitoshi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM udovic@nist.gov; orimo@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Takamura, Hitoshi/B-9514-2014; Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013 OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Skoryunov, Roman/0000-0001-6158-9056; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Takamura, Hitoshi/0000-0002-4841-4582; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation [RUP17076- EK-12]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-9531011]; Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); JSPS [25220911, 26820311]; NSF [0944772] FX This work was performed, in part, in collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32- Hydrogen-based Energy Storage. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from DOE EERE through Grant Nos. DE-EE0002978 and DE-AC04-94AL85000; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 12-03-00078; the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP17076- EK-12; the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011; the Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); and JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Nos. 25220911 and 26820311. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The authors also thank Dr. Nina Verdal for assistance with the QENS measurements. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 17 U2 85 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 45 BP 7622 EP 7626 DI 10.1002/adma.201403157 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AW0GO UT WOS:000345969400013 PM 25312377 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Polaski, JT Batey, RT Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Polaski, Jacob T. Batey, Robert T. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule Conformational Dynamics of a Biologically Functional Hydroxocobalamin Riboswitch SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIGAND-BINDING; MESSENGER-RNA; INDUCED FIT; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; KISSING INTERACTION; ADENINE RIBOSWITCH; SENSING RIBOSWITCH; CONTROL ELEMENTS; KINETIC-ANALYSIS AB Riboswitches represent a family of highly structured regulatory elements found primarily in the leader sequences of bacterial mRNAs. They function as molecular switches capable of altering gene expression; commonly, this occurs via a conformational change in a regulatory element of a riboswitch that results from ligand binding in the aptamer domain. Numerous studies have investigated the ligand binding process, but little is known about the structural changes in the regulatory element. A mechanistic description of both processes is essential for deeply understanding how riboswitches modulate gene expression. This task is greatly facilitated by studying all aspects of riboswitch structure/dynamics/function in the same model system. To this end, single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) techniques have been used to directly observe the conformational dynamics of a hydroxocobalamin (HyCbl) binding riboswitch (env8HyCbl) with a known crystallographic structure.1 The single-molecule RNA construct studied in this work is unique in that it contains all of the structural elements both necessary and sufficient for regulation of gene expression in a biological context. The results of this investigation reveal that the undocking rate constant associated with the disruption of a long-range kissing-loop (KL) interaction is substantially decreased when the ligand is bound to the RNA, resulting in a preferential stabilization of the docked conformation. Notably, the formation of this tertiary KL interaction directly sequesters the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (i.e., the ribosome binding site) via base-pairing, thus preventing translation initiation. These results reveal that the conformational dynamics of this regulatory switch are quantitatively described by a four-state kinetic model, whereby ligand binding promotes formation of the KL interaction. The results of complementary cell-based gene expression experiments conducted in Escherichia coli are highly correlated with the smFRET results, suggesting that KL formation is directly responsible for regulating gene expression. C1 [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Polaski, Jacob T.; Batey, Robert T.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Batey, RT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.batey@colorado.edu; djn@colorado.edu RI Batey, Robert/A-8265-2009 OI Batey, Robert/0000-0002-1384-6625 FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1266416, PHY 1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health [GM-073850]; National Institutes of Health their Molecular Biophysics Training Program [T32 GM-065103] FX Support for this work has been provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1266416, PHY 1125844), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Institutes of Health (GM-073850) and their Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32 GM-065103). NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 48 BP 16832 EP 16843 DI 10.1021/ja5076184 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AU9AI UT WOS:000345883900029 PM 25325398 ER PT J AU Fernandez, B Rodriguez-Gonzalez, P Alonso, JIG Malherbe, J Garcia-Fonseca, S Pereiro, R Sanz-Medel, A AF Fernandez, Beatriz Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo Garcia Alonso, J. Ignacio Malherbe, Julien Garcia-Fonseca, Sergio Pereiro, Rosario Sanz-Medel, Alfredo TI On-line double isotope dilution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of solid materials SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Quantification methodology; Powdered samples ID LA-ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; CALIBRATION; SPECIATION AB We report on the determination of trace elements in solid samples by the combination of on-line double isotope dilution and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The proposed method requires the sequential analysis of the sample and a certified natural abundance standard by on-line IDMS using the same isotopically-enriched spike solution. In this way, the mass fraction of the analyte in the sample can be directly referred to the certified standard so the previous characterization of the spike solution is not required. To validate the procedure, Sr, Rb and Pb were determined in certified reference materials with different matrices, including silicate glasses (SRM 610, 612 and 614) and powdered samples (PACS-2, SRM 2710a, SRM 1944, SRM 2702 and SRM 2780). The analysis of powdered samples was carried out both by the preparation of pressed pellets and by lithium borate fusion. Experimental results for the analysis of powdered samples were in agreement with the certified values for all materials. Relative standard deviations in the range of 6-21% for pressed pellets and 3-21% for fused solids were obtained from n = 3 independent measurements. Minimal sample preparation, data treatment and consumption of the isotopically-enriched isotopes are the main advantages of the method over previously reported approaches. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernandez, Beatriz; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Garcia Alonso, J. Ignacio; Pereiro, Rosario; Sanz-Medel, Alfredo] Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Malherbe, Julien] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garcia-Fonseca, Sergio] ISC Sci Innovat Solut Chem, Oviedo, Spain. RP Fernandez, B (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, Julian Claveria 8, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. EM fernandezbeatriz@uniovi.es RI Alonso, Jose/H-6795-2015; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/D-1718-2014; Fernandez, Beatriz/D-1685-2014; OI Alonso, Jose/0000-0002-8356-3866; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0001-9317-8833; Fernandez, Beatriz/0000-0002-2592-1442; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Pereiro, Rosario/0000-0002-5936-7726 FU "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) [MAT2010-20921-C02-01]; "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (FEDER Program) [MAT2010-20921-C02-01]; PCTI Asturias [IE13-024]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTQ2012-36711]; RYC-2010-06644 [Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Ramon y Cajal Program] FX Financial support from "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER Program) through MAT2010-20921-C02-01 and PCTI Asturias through the project IE13-024 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through Project Ref. CTQ2012-36711. P. R.-G. acknowledges his research contract RYC-2010-06644 to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Ramon y Cajal Program. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 3 PY 2014 VL 851 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.017 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AS4HR UT WOS:000344235300009 PM 25440666 ER PT J AU Litz, JA Baran, MA Bowen-Stevens, SR Carmichael, RH Colegrove, KM Garrison, LP Fire, SE Fougeres, EM Hardy, R Holmes, S Jones, W Mase-Guthrie, BE Odell, DK Rosel, PE Saliki, JT Shannon, DK Shippee, SF Smith, SM Stratton, EM Tumlin, MC Whitehead, HR Worthy, GAJ Rowles, TK AF Litz, Jenny A. Baran, Melody A. Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R. Carmichael, Ruth H. Colegrove, Kathleen M. Garrison, Lance P. Fire, Spencer E. Fougeres, Erin M. Hardy, Ron Holmes, Secret Jones, Wanda Mase-Guthrie, Blair E. Odell, Daniel K. Rosel, Patricia E. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Shannon, Delphine K. Shippee, Steve F. Smith, Suzanne M. Stratton, Elizabeth M. Tumlin, Mandy C. Whitehead, Heidi R. Worthy, Graham A. J. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Review of historical unusual mortality events (UMEs) in the Gulf of Mexico (1990-2009): providing context for the multi-year northern Gulf of Mexico cetacean UME declared in 2010 SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Strandings; Brevetoxin; Morbillivirus; 'Deepwater Horizon' oil spill; Karenia brevis ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; AGE STRUCTURE; SEA LIONS; RED TIDES; ATLANTIC; FLORIDA; EXPOSURE; COAST AB An unusual mortality event (UME) was declared for cetaceans in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for Franklin County, Florida, west through Louisiana, USA, beginning in February 2010 and was ongoing as of September 2014. The 'Deepwater Horizon' (DWH) oil spill began on 20 April 2010 in the GoM, raising questions regarding the potential role of the oil spill in the UME. The present study reviews cetacean mortality events that occurred in the GoM prior to 2010 (n = 11), including causes, durations, and some specific test results, to provide a historical context for the current event. The average duration of GoM cetacean UMEs prior to 2010 was 6 mo, and the longest was 17 mo (2005-2006). The highest number of cetacean mortalities recorded during a previous GoM event was 344 (in 1990). In most previous events, dolphin morbillivirus or brevetoxicosis was confirmed or suspected as a causal factor. In contrast, the current northern GoM UME has lasted more than 48 mo and has had more than 1000 reported mortalities within the currently defined spatial and temporal boundaries of the event. Initial results from the current UME do not support either morbillivirus or brevetoxin as primary causes of this event. This review is the first summary of cetacean UMEs in the GoM and provides evidence that the most common causes of previous UMEs are unlikely to be associated with the current UME. C1 [Litz, Jenny A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Litz, JA (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jenny.litz@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU NOAA MMHSRP program; UME Contingency Fund; John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; NOAA; 'Deepwater Horizon' oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment FX We thank past and present members of the Working Group for Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Events, those who served on UME Investigative Teams, and the following individuals who played critical roles in UME investigations, managed and validated regional stranding data, and/or reviewed early drafts of this manuscript: Nelio Barros (deceased), Gregory Bossart, Daniel Cowan, Laura Aichinger Dias, Laura Engleby, Ruth Ewing, Deborah Fauquier, Michelle Fleetwood, Leanne Flewelling, Sarah Freidel, Amanda Frick, Joseph Gaydos, Larry Hansen, Wayne Hoggard, Michael Kinsel, Jan Landsberg, Tod Leighfield, Thomas Lipscomb, Gretchen Lovewell, Lauren Noble, Wendy Noke, Hendrik Nollens, Nicole O'Brien, Gina Rappucci, Carlos Romero, David Rotstein, Susan Sanchez, Trevor Spradlin, Megan Stolen, Raymond Tarpley, Michael Twiner, Frances Van Dolah, Stephanie Venn-Watson, Janet Whaley, and Dean Wilkinson. This work could not have been conducted without the tireless efforts of the Marine Mammal Stranding Network. We also acknowledge the efforts of the entire Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stranding network past and present, including staff and volunteers of the following agencies: Audubon Aquarium of the Americas, Alabama Marine Mammal Stranding Network/Spring Hill College/Marterra Foundation, Amber Lake Wildlife Refuge, Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, Clearwater Marine Aquarium, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Eglin Air Force Base Natural Resources, Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge/The Stranding Center Inc., Florida Aquarium, Florida DEP/FMRI/FWCC, FWCC Marine Mammal Pathobiology Lab, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory - USM, Gulf Island National Seashore, GulfWorld Marine Park, Hubbs-Seaworld Research Institute, Institute for Marine Mammal Studies/Marine Life Oceanarium, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Marine Wildlife Response, McNeese State University, Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, Mote Marine Laboratory, National Park Service, National Marine Fisheries Service, St. Joseph Peninsula State Park, Southwest Florida Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, and Tyndall Air Force Base. Past and present UME investigations have been generally funded through the NOAA MMHSRP program, the UME Contingency Fund established by the US Congress in 1992, and the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program. A portion of the NGUME analyses were funded by NOAA and BP as part of the 'Deepwater Horizon' oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 82 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2 BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.3354/dao02807 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AW7BD UT WOS:000346418500008 PM 25449327 ER PT J AU Thompson, LA Spoon, TR Goertz, CEC Hobbs, RC Romano, TA AF Thompson, Laura A. Spoon, Tracey R. Goertz, Caroline E. C. Hobbs, Roderick C. Romano, Tracy A. TI Blow Collection as a Non-Invasive Method for Measuring Cortisol in the Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; CORTICOSTEROID-BINDING GLOBULIN; SALIVARY CORTISOL; STEROID-HORMONES; WHALES; BLUBBER; STRESS; TESTOSTERONE; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY AB Non-invasive sampling techniques are increasingly being used to monitor glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, as indicators of stressor load and fitness in zoo and wildlife conservation, research and medicine. For cetaceans, exhaled breath condensate (blow) provides a unique sampling matrix for such purposes. The purpose of this work was to develop an appropriate collection methodology and validate the use of a commercially available EIA for measuring cortisol in blow samples collected from belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Nitex membrane stretched over a petri dish provided the optimal method for collecting blow. A commercially available cortisol EIA for measuring human cortisol (detection limit 35 pg ml(-1)) was adapted and validated for beluga cortisol using tests of parallelism, accuracy and recovery. Blow samples were collected from aquarium belugas during monthly health checks and during out of water examination, as well as from wild belugas. Two aquarium belugas showed increased blow cortisol between baseline samples and 30 minutes out of water (Baseline, 0.21 and 0.04 mu g dl(-1); 30 minutes, 0.95 and 0.14 mu g dl(-1)). Six wild belugas also showed increases in blow cortisol between pre and post 1.5 hour examination (Pre 0.03, 0.23, 0.13, 0.19, 0.13, 0.04 mu g dl(-1), Post 0.60, 0.31, 0.36, 0.24, 0.14, 0.16 mu g dl(-1)). Though this methodology needs further investigation, this study suggests that blow sampling is a good candidate for non-invasive monitoring of cortisol in belugas. It can be collected from both wild and aquarium animals efficiently for the purposes of health monitoring and research, and may ultimately be useful in obtaining data on wild populations, including endangered species, which are difficult to handle directly. C1 [Thompson, Laura A.; Spoon, Tracey R.; Romano, Tracy A.] Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06365 USA. [Thompson, Laura A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Goertz, Caroline E. C.] Alaska Sea Life Ctr, Seward, AK USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Romano, TA (reprint author), Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06365 USA. EM tromano@searesearch.org FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0437]; Interdisciplinary Research Initiative in Coastal Health (IRICH); NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) FX Funding for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research award #N00014-11-1-0437 awarded to TR. Additional funding for LT was provided by the Interdisciplinary Research Initiative in Coastal Health (IRICH) and NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 39 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 AR e114062 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0114062 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU8TQ UT WOS:000345869700092 PM 25464121 ER PT J AU Alessandri, A De Felice, M Zeng, N Mariotti, A Pan, YT Cherchi, A Lee, JY Wang, B Ha, KJ Ruti, P Artale, V AF Alessandri, Andrea De Felice, Matteo Zeng, Ning Mariotti, Annarita Pan, Yutong Cherchi, Annalisa Lee, June-Yi Wang, Bin Ha, Kyung-Ja Ruti, Paolo Artale, Vincenzo TI Robust assessment of the expansion and retreat of Mediterranean climate in the 21st century SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CLASSIFICATION; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; MULTIMODEL; ENSEMBLE; REGION; SHIFTS; SEA AB The warm-temperate regions of the globe characterized by dry summers and wet winters (Mediterranean climate; MED) are especially vulnerable to climate change. The potential impact on water resources, ecosystems and human livelihood requires a detailed picture of the future changes in this unique climate zone. Here we apply a probabilistic approach to quantitatively address how and why the geographic distribution of MED will change based on the latest-available climate projections for the 21st century. Our analysis provides, for the first time, a robust assessment of significant northward and eastward future expansions of MED over both the Euro-Mediterranean and western North America. Concurrently, we show a significant 21st century replacement of the equatorward MED margins by the arid climate type. Moreover, future winters will become wetter and summers drier in both the old and newly established MED zones. Should these projections be realized, living conditions in some of the most densely populated regions in the world will be seriously jeopardized. C1 [Alessandri, Andrea; De Felice, Matteo; Ruti, Paolo; Artale, Vincenzo] Energia & Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile ENEA, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Rome, Italy. [Alessandri, Andrea; Wang, Bin] Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Zeng, Ning; Pan, Yutong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeng, Ning] Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cherchi, Annalisa] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Cherchi, Annalisa] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Lee, June-Yi] Pusan Natl Univ, Res Ctr Climate Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Ha, Kyung-Ja] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. RP Alessandri, A (reprint author), Energia & Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile ENEA, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Rome, Italy. EM andrea.alessandri@enea.it RI Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; De Felice, Matteo/D-6212-2011; Alessandri, Andrea/I-9077-2014 OI Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; De Felice, Matteo/0000-0002-5457-3045; Alessandri, Andrea/0000-0002-2153-7961 FU European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [303208, 308378]; National Research Foundation of Korea [MEST 2011-0021927]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, and Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea through the project GEMINA; NOAA [NA10OAR4310208] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. This work was partially supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-13) under the grant agreement n. 303208 (CLIMITS project) and under the grant agreement n. 308378 (SPECS project). Lee, Wang, and Ha acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of Korea through a Global Research Laboratory (GRL) grant (MEST 2011-0021927). Cherchi acknowledges the support of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, and Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea through the project GEMINA. We are grateful to Marta Marcos, Luigi Ponti, Rong Fu and Marina Baldi for the useful scientific discussions and to Gisela Speidel for the English editing of the manuscript. N. Z. acknowledges NOAA grant NA10OAR4310208. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7211 DI 10.1038/srep07211 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW4NS UT WOS:000346258500001 PM 25448867 ER PT J AU Brinson, RG Giulian, GG Kelman, Z Marino, JP AF Brinson, Robert G. Giulian, Gary G. Kelman, Zvi Marino, John P. TI Detection of Contaminating Enzymatic Activity in Plant-Derived Recombinant Biotechnology Products SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; HOST-CELL PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC RICE; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; PURIFICATION; PHYTASES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; EXPRESSION; IMPACT AB Residual impurities in recombinantly produced protein biologics, such as host cell proteins (HCP), can potentially cause unwanted toxic or immunogenic responses in patients. Additionally, undetected impurities found in recombinant proteins used in cell culture may adversely impact basic research and biotechnology applications. Currently, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the standard for detection of residual HCP contamination in recombinantly produced biologics. Alternatively, two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is being developed as a tool for assessing this critical quality attribute. Both of these methods rely on the direct detection of HCPs and some previous knowledge of the contaminant. For contaminating enzymes, the mass level of the impurity may fall below the threshold of detection of these methods and underestimate the true impact. To address this point, here we demonstrate facile detection and characterization of contaminating phytase activity in rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) using a sensitive, label-free nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy assay. We observed varying degrees of phytase contamination in biotechnology-grade rHSA from various manufacturers by monitoring the degradation of adenosine-5'-triphosphate and myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate by (31)P NMR. The observed lot-to-lot variability may result in irreproducible cell culture results and should be evaluated as a possible critical quality attribute in plant-derived biotherapeutics. C1 [Brinson, Robert G.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Brinson, RG (reprint author), NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM brinson@ibbr.umd.edu FU NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative; NIST; W. M. Keck Laboratory for Biomolecular NMR FX We acknowledge the support by NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative and the NIST and W. M. Keck Laboratory for Biomolecular NMR. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 23 BP 11508 EP 11512 DI 10.1021/ac503864m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AU7TK UT WOS:000345803300008 PM 25393810 ER PT J AU Zhao, YL Hennigan, CJ May, AA Tkacik, DS de Gouw, JA Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Borbon, A Robinson, AL AF Zhao, Yunliang Hennigan, Christopher J. May, Andrew A. Tkacik, Daniel S. de Gouw, Joost A. Gilman, Jessica B. Kuster, William C. Borbon, Agnes Robinson, Allen L. TI Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds: A Large Source of Secondary Organic Aerosol SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MODEL EVALUATION DATA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOTOR-VEHICLES; UNITED-STATES; LOS-ANGELES; EMISSIONS; ALKANES; YIELDS; PHOTOOXIDATION AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of atmospheric fine particle mass. Intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) have been proposed to be an important source of SOA. We present a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric IVOC concentrations and their SOA production using measurements made in Pasadena, California during the California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study. The campaign-average concentration of primary IVOCs was 6.3 +/- 1.9 mu g m(-3) (average +/- standard deviation), which is comparable to the concentration of organic aerosol but only 7.4 +/- 1.2% of the concentration of speciated volatile organic compounds. Only 8.6 +/- 2.2% of the mass of the primary IVOCs was speciated. Almost no weekend/weekday variation in the ambient concentration of both speciated and total primary IVOCs was observed, suggesting that petroleum-related sources other than on-road diesel vehicles contribute substantially to the IVOC emissions. Primary IVOCs are estimated to produce about 30% of newly formed SOA in the afternoon during CalNex, about 5 times that from single-ring aromatics. The importance of IVOCs in SOA formation is expected to be similar in many urban environments. C1 [Zhao, Yunliang; Hennigan, Christopher J.; May, Andrew A.; Tkacik, Daniel S.; Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Borbon, Agnes] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS UMR7583, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher,IPSL, F-94010 Creteil, France. RP Robinson, AL (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM alr@andrew.cmu.edu RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; May, Andrew/E-8498-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Tkacik, Daniel/G-5630-2011; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Hennigan, Christopher/A-9221-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; May, Andrew/0000-0001-7908-8815; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Hennigan, Christopher/0000-0002-2454-2838; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research through STAR program [RD834554] FX Carnegie Mellon University was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research through the STAR program (Project RD834554). The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official position of the funding agencies. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 18 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 23 BP 13743 EP 13750 DI 10.1021/es5035188 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU7TN UT WOS:000345803800023 PM 25375804 ER PT J AU Li, RB Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Li, R. B. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Fast, all-optical logic gates and transistor functionalities using a room-temperature atomic controlled Kerr gate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY NONLINEAR FIBER; XOR AB We demonstrate all-optical multilogic gate operations and transistor functionalities using a Kerr phase gate method in a room-temperature Rb-85 vapor. Two symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers are constructed in the same vapor cell in which a Raman gain medium is established. We show three basic logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) by controlling the output combinations from the two interferometers. With one weakly driven interferometer acting as the phase control light for a strongly driven interferometer, we further demonstrate optical field-effect transistor functionalities. More complex combinations of this Kerr phase gate method and scheme allow all eight basic logic gate operations including the controlled-NOT gate to be constructed and implemented. C1 [Li, R. B.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Li, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 063806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.063806 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AU8UF UT WOS:000345871100010 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Curtis, JE Fang, XY Woodson, SA AF Peng, Yi Curtis, Joseph E. Fang, Xianyang Woodson, Sarah A. TI Structural model of an mRNA in complex with the bacterial chaperone Hfq SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE small noncoding RNA; RNA-protein interactions; SAXS; Lsm protein; bacterial posttranscriptional control ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI HFQ; SM-LIKE PROTEIN; SOLUBLE-RNA; DUPLEX FORMATION; NONCODING RNAS; BINDING; RPOS; DSRA; RIBOREGULATION; RECOGNITION AB The Sm-like protein Hfq (host factor Q-beta phage) facilitates regulation by bacterial small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in response to stress and other environmental signals. Here, we present a low-resolution model of Escherichia coli Hfq bound to the rpoS mRNA, a bacterial stress response gene that is targeted by three different sRNAs. Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation and primer extension, small-angle X-ray scattering, and Monte Carlo molecular dynamics simulations show that the distal face and lateral rim of Hfq interact with three sites in the rpoS leader, folding the RNA into a compact tertiary structure. These interactions are needed for sRNA regulation of rpoS translation and position the sRNA target adjacent to an sRNA binding region on the proximal face of Hfq. Our results show how Hfq specifically distorts the structure of the rpoS mRNA to enable sRNA base pairing and translational control. C1 [Peng, Yi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Cell Mol & Dev Biol & Biophys Program, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, Xianyang] NCI, Struct Biophys Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Woodson, Sarah A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Woodson, SA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, TC Jenkins Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM swoodson@jhu.edu OI Woodson, Sarah/0000-0003-0170-1987 FU National Institute of General Medicine [R01 GM46686]; National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K039121/1]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1265821]; US Department of Energy under Contract [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank X. Zuo and the APS 12-ID-B staff, S. Krueger, S. Gottesman, G. Storz, and Y.-X. Wang for helpful discussion and D. Kilburn, S. Panja, N. Majdalani, N. Kim, and T. Schlick for their assistance. This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medicine (Grant R01 GM46686 to S. A. W.) and the National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research (Y.-X. Wang). This work benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K039121/1) and National Science Foundation (CHE-1265821) grant. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 2 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 48 BP 17134 EP 17139 DI 10.1073/pnas.1410114111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU9NN UT WOS:000345920800044 PM 25404287 ER PT J AU Sweet, WV Park, J AF Sweet, William V. Park, Joseph TI From the extreme to the mean: Acceleration and tipping points of coastal inundation from sea level rise SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE sea level rise; coastal inundation; nuisance flooding ID MID-ATLANTIC COAST; US EAST-COAST; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; VARIABILITY; 20TH-CENTURY; CLIMATOLOGY; TIMESCALES; ANOMALIES; SITES AB Relative sea level rise (RSLR) has driven large increases in annual water level exceedances (duration and frequency) above minor (nuisance level) coastal flooding elevation thresholds established by the National Weather Service (NWS) at U.S. tide gauges over the last half-century. For threshold levels below 0.5m above high tide, the rates of annual exceedances are accelerating along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts, primarily from evolution of tidal water level distributions to higher elevations impinging on the flood threshold. These accelerations are quantified in terms of the local RSLR rate and tidal range through multiple regression analysis. Along the U.S. West Coast, annual exceedance rates are linearly increasing, complicated by sharp punctuations in RSLR anomalies during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases, and we account for annual exceedance variability along the U.S. West and East Coasts from ENSO forcing. Projections of annual exceedances above local NWS nuisance levels at U.S. tide gauges are estimated by shifting probability estimates of daily maximum water levels over a contemporary 5-year period following probabilistic RSLR projections of Kopp et al. (2014) for representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. We suggest a tipping point for coastal inundation (30 days/per year with a threshold exceedance) based on the evolution of exceedance probabilities. Under forcing associated with the local-median projections of RSLR, the majority of locations surpass the tipping point over the next several decades regardless of specific RCP. C1 [Sweet, William V.; Park, Joseph] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sweet, WV (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM William.Sweet@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD DEC PY 2014 VL 2 IS 12 BP 579 EP 600 DI 10.1002/2014EF000272 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN0XG UT WOS:000358137300001 ER PT J AU Benz, SP Waltman, SB AF Benz, Samuel P. Waltman, Steven B. TI Pulse-Bias Electronics and Techniques for a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconducting integrated circuits; voltage measurement ID BIPOLAR VOLTAGE-SOURCE; DC TRANSFER-STANDARD; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; JUNCTION ARRAY; AC VOLTAGE; DRIVEN AB The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) is a series array of thousands of superconducting Josephson junctions that are biased by current pulses such that the array produces voltage waveforms with quantum accuracy. Intrinsically accurate voltage waveforms synthesized with the quantized pulses from Josephson junctions were first demonstrated in 1996. Ten years later, a commercial ac standard was calibrated at an output root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude of 100 mV with the first practical superconducting digital-to-analog converter. Since then, many different bias techniques, pulse-drive electronics, and device technology have been developed and improved in order to achieve a maximum of 138 mV output RMS voltage per Josephson array. In this paper, we report new bias electronics and demonstrate two new pulse-bias techniques. The first technique has demonstrated 250 mV output RMS voltage per 6400-junction array and may enable a practical 1 V system with only four arrays. The second bias technique reduces inductance-related error signals at the signal frequency and should reduce systematic errors for waveforms with frequencies greater than 1 MHz. C1 [Benz, Samuel P.; Waltman, Steven B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Waltman, Steven B.] High Speed Circuit Consultants, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM benz@nist.gov; steve@hscc.biz NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 24 IS 6 AR 1400107 DI 10.1109/TASC.2014.2338326 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CK6TU UT WOS:000356361900006 ER PT J AU Chen, YC Patel, VM Chellappa, R Phillips, PJ AF Chen, Yi-Chen Patel, Vishal M. Chellappa, Rama Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Ambiguously Labeled Learning Using Dictionaries SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Semi-supervised clustering; ambiguously labeled learning; multiclass classification; dictionary learning; kernel methods ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; ALGORITHM; RECOGNITION AB We propose a dictionary-based learning method for ambiguously labeled multiclass classification, where each training sample has multiple labels and only one of them is the correct label. The dictionary learning problem is solved using an iterative alternating algorithm. At each iteration of the algorithm, two alternating steps are performed: 1) a confidence update and 2) a dictionary update. The confidence of each sample is defined as the probability distribution on its ambiguous labels. The dictionaries are updated using either soft or hard decision rules. Furthermore, using the kernel methods, we make the dictionary learning framework nonlinear based on the soft decision rule. Extensive evaluations on four unconstrained face recognition datasets demonstrate that the proposed method performs significantly better than state-of-the-art ambiguously labeled learning approaches. C1 [Chen, Yi-Chen; Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Yi-Chen; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chenyc08@umd.edu; pvishalm@umd.edu; rama@umiacs.umd.edu; jonathon@nist.gov FU Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Aly A. Farag. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 EI 1556-6021 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2076 EP 2088 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2014.2359642 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CG4WX UT WOS:000353289900006 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Sunyer, R Atencia, J Trepat, X AF Garcia, S. Sunyer, R. Atencia, J. Trepat, X. TI An assay to study cellular responses to simultaneous mechanical and chemical gradients. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ASCB/IFCB Meeting CY DEC 06-10, 2014 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Cell Biol, Int Federat Cell Biol C1 [Garcia, S.; Sunyer, R.; Trepat, X.] Inst Bioengn Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Atencia, J.] NIST, Iochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2014 VL 25 MA P610 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CE8LP UT WOS:000352094101238 ER PT J AU Polyakov, SV Goldschmidt, EA Migdall, A Kuck, S Piacentini, F Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Berchera, IR Genovese, M AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A. Migdall, Alan Kueck, Stefan Piacentini, Fabrizio Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo P. Berchera, Ivano Ruo Genovese, Marco TI Reconstruction of mode structure of faint light sources and its applications SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Vaxjo conference on Quantum Foundations CY JUN 10-13, 2013 CL Vaxjo, SWEDEN DE photon-number statistics; photon-number resolving detection; high order correlation functions; mode reconstruction ID PHOTON; STATISTICS; STATE AB We build upon our newly developed mode reconstruction technique that takes advantage of higher-order photon number statistics. We discuss the application of this technique to practical single-emitters and herald single-photon source analysis. We also examine the importance of this research to fundamental issues of quantum mechanics, proposing new experiments. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kueck, Stefan] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Piacentini, Fabrizio; Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo P.; Berchera, Ivano Ruo; Genovese, Marco] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/F-3119-2016 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/0000-0003-3131-8866 FU MIUR, FIRB [RBFR10UAUV, RBFR10VZUG]; Fondazione San Paolo; Nato [984397]; EMRP [IND06-MIQC, EXL02-SIQUTE]; EMRP participating countries within EURAMET; European Union; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The research leading to these results has received funding by MIUR, FIRB RBFR10UAUV and RBFR10VZUG, by Fondazione San Paolo, by Nato Grant No. 984397, and EMRP (project IND06-MIQC, EXL02-SIQUTE). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. The authors also acknowledge support from the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL T163 AR 014024 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T163/014024 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CB7UC UT WOS:000349832400025 ER PT J AU Ieda, A Oyama, S Vanhamaki, H Fujii, R Nakamizo, A Amm, O Hori, T Takeda, M Ueno, G Yoshikawa, A Redmon, RJ Denig, WF Kamide, Y Nishitani, N AF Ieda, A. Oyama, S. Vanhamaki, H. Fujii, R. Nakamizo, A. Amm, O. Hori, T. Takeda, M. Ueno, G. Yoshikawa, A. Redmon, R. J. Denig, W. F. Kamide, Y. Nishitani, N. TI Approximate forms of daytime ionospheric conductance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; TIME CONDUCTANCES; F-REGION; CONDUCTIVITY; SOLAR; FIELD; CURRENTS; EISCAT; MODEL; IONIZATION AB The solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence of the conductance is studied and a simple theoretical form for the Hall-to-Pedersen conductance ratio is developed, using the peak plasma production height. The European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar observations at Tromso (67 MLAT) on 30 March 2012 were used to calculate the conductance. The daytime electric conductance is associated with plasma created by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation incident on the neutral atmosphere of the Earth. However, it has been uncertain whether previous conductance models are consistent with the ideal Chapman theory for such plasma productions. We found that the SZA dependence of the conductance is consistent with the Chapman theory after simple modifications. The Pedersen conductance can be understood by approximating the plasma density height profile as being flat in the topside E region and by taking into account the upward gradient of atmospheric temperature. An additional consideration is necessary for the Hall conductance, which decreases with increasing SZA more rapidly than the Pedersen conductance. This rapid decrease is presumably caused by a thinning of the Hall conductivity layer from noon toward nighttime. We expressed this thinning in terms of the peak production height in the Chapman theory. C1 [Ieda, A.; Oyama, S.; Fujii, R.; Hori, T.; Kamide, Y.; Nishitani, N.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Vanhamaki, H.; Amm, O.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Vanhamaki, H.] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. [Nakamizo, A.] Nat Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. [Takeda, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Kyoto, Japan. [Ueno, G.] ROIS, Inst Stat Math, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. [Yoshikawa, A.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Redmon, R. J.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ieda, A (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM ieda@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp OI Hori, Tomoaki/0000-0001-8451-6941; Vanhamaki, Heikki/0000-0002-3454-0350 FU China (CRIPR); Finland (SA); Japan (STEL); Japan (NIPR); Norway (NFR); Sweden (VR); United Kingdom (NERC); NSF of the United States of America; JSPS KAKENHI [20540438, 23540524, 24540478]; GEMSIS project of STEL in Nagoya University; MEXT of Japan [17GS0208] FX A. I. wishes to thank M. Hirahara, S. Nozawa, Y. Ogawa, Y. Otsuka, S. Saito, and K. Shiokawa for their valuable comments. We are indebted to the director and staff of EISCAT for operating the facility and supplying the data. EISCAT is an international association supported by research organizations in China (CRIPR), Finland (SA), Japan (STEL and NIPR), Norway (NFR), Sweden (VR), and the United Kingdom (NERC). The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The AL, AU, and SYM-H indices were provided by the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The DMSP data were provided by the US AFWA and NOAA's NGDC. The code of the modified magnetic apex coordinates was received from the CEDAR Database at NCAR, which is supported by NSF of the United States of America. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants 20540438, 23540524, and 24540478. This work was also supported by the GEMSIS project of STEL in Nagoya University and by a grant-in-aid for Creative Scientific Research (17GS0208, Head Investigator: K. Shibata) from MEXT of Japan. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 DI 10.1002/2014JA020665 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA8IG UT WOS:000349161100074 ER PT J AU Sergeev, VA Nikolaev, AV Kubyshkina, MV Tsyganenko, NA Singer, HJ Rodriguez, JV Angelopoulos, V Nakamura, R Milan, SE Coxon, JC Anderson, BJ Korth, H AF Sergeev, V. A. Nikolaev, A. V. Kubyshkina, M. V. Tsyganenko, N. A. Singer, H. J. Rodriguez, J. V. Angelopoulos, V. Nakamura, R. Milan, S. E. Coxon, J. C. Anderson, B. J. Korth, H. TI Event study combining magnetospheric and ionospheric perspectives of the substorm current wedge modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MHD SIMULATIONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SIGNATURES; SATELLITE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SPACE; FLUX AB Unprecedented spacecraft and instrumental coverage and the isolated nature and distinct step-like development of a substorm on 17 March 2010 has allowed validation of the two-loop substorm current wedge model (SCW2L). We find a close spatiotemporal relationship of the SCW with many other essential signatures of substorm activity in the magnetotail and demonstrate its azimuthally localized structure and stepwise expansion in the magnetotail. We confirm that ground SCW diagnostics makes it possible to reconstruct and organize the azimuthal spatiotemporal substorm development pattern with accuracy better than 1 h magnetic local time (MLT) in the case of medium-scale substorm. The Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE)-based study of global field-aligned current distribution indicates that (a) the SCW-related field-aligned current system consists of simultaneously activated R1- and R2-type currents, (b) their net currents have a R1-sense, and (c) locations of net current peaks are consistent with the SCW edge locations inferred from midlatitude variations. Thanks to good azimuthal coverage of four GOES and three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft, we evaluated the intensities of the SCW R1-and R2-like current loops (using the SCW2L model) obtained from combined magnetospheric and ground midlatitude magnetic observations and found the net currents consistent (within a factor of 2) with the AMPERE-based estimate. We also ran an adaptive magnetospheric model and show that SCW2L model outperforms it in predicting the magnetic configuration changes during substorm dipolarizations. C1 [Sergeev, V. A.; Nikolaev, A. V.; Kubyshkina, M. V.; Tsyganenko, N. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Earths Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Singer, H. J.; Rodriguez, J. V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Milan, S. E.; Coxon, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Anderson, B. J.; Korth, H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Sergeev, VA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Earths Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM victor@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Nikolaev, Alexander/M-8355-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Nikolaev, Alexander/0000-0001-5558-9615; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 FU Russian Science Foundation [14-17-00072]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC, UK) [ST/K001000/1]; STFC studentship FX This event was first selected for a detailed study at the meeting of the International Space Science Institute team "The substorm current wedge," we thank the team members for stimulating discussions. Initial analyses has also been a part of the EU FP7 ECLAT project. The work of SPbU group on the SCW2L validation has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 14-17-00072. We thank C.W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for use of ESA data; K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302; the work by V.A. was partly supported by THEMIS contract NAS5-02099. J.V.R. was supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program. S.E.M. was supported on Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC, UK) grant ST/K001000/1. J.C.C. was supported by an STFC studentship. We thank H. Bysal of NOAA NSOF for providing the raw GOES-13 data for this study. The GOES data used in this study are available upon request. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 DI 10.1002/2014JA020522 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CA8IG UT WOS:000349161100028 ER PT J AU Picca, JC Schultz, DM Colle, BA Ganetis, SA Novak, DR Sienkiewicz, MJ AF Picca, Joseph C. Schultz, David M. Colle, Brian A. Ganetis, Sara A. Novak, David R. Sienkiewicz, Matthew J. TI The Value of Dual-Polarization Radar in Diagnosing the Complex Microphysical Evolution of an Intense Snowband SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST US CYCLONES; MESOSCALE BAND FORMATION; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; UNITED-STATES; WINTER STORMS; COMMA HEAD; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SNOWSTORMS; DENSITY AB The northeast U.S. extratropical cyclone of 8-9 February 2013 produced blizzard conditions and more than 0.6-0.9 m (2-3 ft) of snow from Long Island through eastern New England. A surprising aspect of this blizzard was the development and rapid weakening of a snowband to the northwest of the cyclone center with radar reflectivity factor exceeding 55 dBZ. Because the radar reflectivity within snowbands in winter storms rarely exceeds 40 dBZ, this event warranted further investigation. The high radar reflectivity was due to mixed-phase microphysics in the snowband, characterized by high differential reflectivity (Z(DR) > 2 dB) and low correlation coefficient (CC < 0.9), as measured by the operational dual-polarization radar in Upton, New York (KOKX). Consistent with these radar observations, heavy snow and ice pellets (both sleet and graupel) were observed. Later, as the reflectivity decreased to less than 40 dBZ, surface observations indicated a transition to primarily high-intensity dry snow, consistent with lower-tropospheric cold advection. Therefore, the rapid decrease of the 50+ dBZ reflectivity resulted from the transition from higher-density, mixed-phase precipitation to lower-density, dry-snow crystals and aggregates. This case study indicates the value that dual-polarization radar can have in an operational forecast environment for determining the variability of frozen precipitation (e.g., ice pellets, dry snow aggregates) on relatively small spatial scales. C1 [Picca, Joseph C.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off New York, Upton, NY USA. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Colle, Brian A.; Ganetis, Sara A.; Sienkiewicz, Matthew J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Simon Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM David.Schultz@manchester.ac.uk RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I005234/1]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1347499]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA10NWS4680003] FX We thank the NWS WFO New York electronic technicians for their maintenance of KOKX, ensuring high-quality radar data. Additionally, Ryan Hanrahan (NBC Connecticut meteorologist) collected and provided several of the detailed precipitation-type reports critical to this work. The authors also acknowledge Jami Boettcher and Clark Payne (NWS Warning Decision Training Branch), as well as David Stark and Jeffrey Tongue (NWS WFO New York, NY), for useful discussions regarding the storm evolution. We thank Matthew Kumjian (Pennsylvania State University) for numerous talks regarding polarimetry. Brian Miretzky and an anonymous reviewer at the NWS Eastern Region provided informal reviews, and Steve Nesbitt and two anonymous reviewers provided formal reviews, all of which improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. Partial funding for Schultz was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council to the Diabatic Influences on Mesoscale Structures in Extratropical Storms (DIAMET) project at the University of Manchester (grant NE/I005234/1). Partial funding for Colle, Ganetis, and Sienkiewicz was provided from the National Science Foundation (AGS-1347499) and NOAA-CSTAR (NA10NWS4680003). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1825 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00258.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA8WP UT WOS:000349201900011 ER PT J AU Squires, MF Lawrimore, JH Heim, RR Robinson, DA Gerbush, MR Estilow, TW AF Squires, Michael F. Lawrimore, Jay H. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Robinson, David A. Gerbush, Mathieu R. Estilow, Thomas W. TI THE REGIONAL SNOWFALL INDEX SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; TRENDS; SNOWSTORMS; STORMS AB This paper describes a new snowfall index that quantifies the impact of snowstorms within six climate regions in the United States. The regional snowfall index (RSI) is based on the spatial extent of snowfall accumulation, the amount of snowfall, and the juxtaposition of these elements with population. Including population information provides a measure of the societal susceptibility for each region. The RSI is an evolution of the Northeast snowfall impact scale (NESTS), which NOAA's National Climatic Data Center began producing operationally in 2006. While NESTS was developed for storms that had a major impact in the Northeast, it includes all snowfall during the lifetime of a storm across the United States and as such can be thought of as a quasi-national index that is calibrated to Northeast snowstorms. By contrast, the RSI is a regional index calibrated to specific regions using only the snow that falls within that region. This paper describes the methodology used to compute the RSI, which requires region-specific parameters and thresholds, and its application within six climate regions in the eastern two-thirds of the nation. The process used to select the region-specific parameters and thresholds is explained. The new index has been calculated for over 580 snowstorms that occurred between 1900 and 2013 providing a century-scale historical perspective for these snowstorms. The RSI is computed for category 1 or greater storms in near real time, usually a day after the storm has ended. C1 [Squires, Michael F.; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Robinson, David A.; Gerbush, Mathieu R.; Estilow, Thomas W.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Squires, MF (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM mike.squires@noaa.gov FU National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center at the University of North Carolina at Asheville; Weather Channel FX The comments of Paul Kocin, Jeff Waldstreicher, Russell Vose, Brian Nelson, Michael Kruk, Karin Gleason, and two anonymous reviewers have markedly improved the content and appearance of this article. The authors thank the public and private sector users who provided examples of how the RSI is used in various sectors of the economy. Interns Anna Wilson, Clay Tabor, Leejah Rogers Ross, and Robert David quality controlled most of the snowstorms used in the analysis. Their internships were funded by the National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center at the University of North Carolina at Asheville. Candice Boling, an intern funded by The Weather Channel, skillfully created the maps and also quality controlled snowstorms. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1835 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00101.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA8WP UT WOS:000349201900012 ER PT J AU Bluestein, HB Rauber, RM Burgess, DW Albrecht, B Ellis, SM Richardson, YP Jorgensen, DP Frasier, SJ Chilson, P Palmer, RD Yuter, SE Lee, WC Dowell, DC Smith, PL Markowski, PM Friedrich, K Weckwerth, TM AF Bluestein, Howard B. Rauber, Robert M. Burgess, Donald W. Albrecht, Bruce Ellis, Scott M. Richardson, Yvette P. Jorgensen, David P. Frasier, Stephen J. Chilson, Phillip Palmer, Robert D. Yuter, Sandra E. Lee, Wen-Chau Dowell, David C. Smith, Paul L. Markowski, Paul M. Friedrich, Katja Weckwerth, Tammy M. TI RADAR IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND RELATED RESEARCH Current Systems, Emerging Technology, and Future Needs SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; NETWORK AB To assist the National Science Foundation in meeting the needs of the community of scientists by providing them with the instrumentation and platforms necessary to conduct their research successfully, a meeting was held in late November 2012 with the purpose of defining the problems of the next generation that will require radar technologies and determining the suite of radars best suited to help solve these problems. This paper summarizes the outcome of the meeting: (i) Radars currently in use in the atmospheric sciences and in related research are reviewed. (ii) New and emerging radar technologies are described. (iii) Future needs and opportunities for radar support of high-priority research are discussed. The current radar technologies considered critical to answering the key and emerging scientific questions are examined. The emerging radar technologies that will be most helpful in answering the key scientific questions are identified. Finally, gaps in existing radar observing technologies are listed. C1 [Bluestein, Howard B.; Chilson, Phillip; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Chilson, Phillip; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Rauber, Robert M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Burgess, Donald W.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Albrecht, Bruce] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Ellis, Scott M.; Lee, Wen-Chau; Weckwerth, Tammy M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Richardson, Yvette P.; Markowski, Paul M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, Paul L.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA. [Friedrich, Katja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bluestein, HB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM hblue@ou.edu RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Rauber, Robert/0000-0003-2880-6148; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS) of the National Science Foundation FX This paper and the workshop it summarizes were both supported by the Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS) of the National Science Foundation. The NCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) is acknowledged for hosting the workshop and Brian Jackson at JOSS is acknowledged for his support. Linnea Avallone was the NSF liaison; Jim Huning provided the initial guidance for this workshop; Steve Nelson, Brad Smull, and other AGS and Office of Polar Programs (OPP) program officers also provided support. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1850 EP 1861 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00079.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA8WP UT WOS:000349201900013 ER PT J AU Law, KS Stohl, A Quinn, PK Brock, CA Burkhart, JF Paris, JD Ancellet, G Singh, HB Roiger, A Schlager, H Dibb, J Jacob, DJ Arnold, SR Pelon, J Thomas, JL AF Law, Katharine S. Stohl, Andreas Quinn, Patricia K. Brock, Charles A. Burkhart, John F. Paris, Jean-Daniel Ancellet, Gerard Singh, Hanwant B. Roiger, Anke Schlager, Hans Dibb, Jack Jacob, Daniel J. Arnold, Steve R. Pelon, Jacques Thomas, Jennie L. TI ARCTIC AIR POLLUTION New Insights from POLARCAT-IPY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; FOREST-FIRE EMISSIONS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; BLACK CARBON; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION AB Given the rapid nature of climate change occurring in the Arctic and the difficulty climate models have in quantitatively reproducing observed changes such as sea ice loss, it is important to improve understanding of the processes leading to climate change in this region, including the role of short-lived climate pollutants such as aerosols and ozone. It has long been known that pollution produced from emissions at midlatitudes can be transported to the Arctic, resulting in a winter/spring aerosol maximum known as Arctic haze. How-ever, many uncertainties remain about the composition and origin of Arctic pollution throughout the troposphere; for example, many climate-chemistry models fail to reproduce the strong seasonality of aerosol abundance observed at Arctic surface sites, the origin and deposition mechanisms of black carbon (soot) particles that darken the snow and ice surface in the Arctic is poorly understood, and chemical processes controlling the abundance of tropospheric ozone are not well quantified. The International Polar Year (IPY) Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport (POLARCAT) core project had the goal to improve understanding about the origins of pollutants transported to the Arctic; to detail the chemical composition, optical properties, and climate forcing potential of Arctic aerosols; to evaluate the processes governing tropospheric ozone; and to quantify the role of boreal forest fires. This article provides a review of the many results now available based on analysis of data collected during the POLARCAT aircraft-, ship-, and ground-based field campaigns in spring and summer 2008. Major findings are highlighted and areas requiring further investigation are discussed. C1 [Law, Katharine S.; Ancellet, Gerard; Pelon, Jacques; Thomas, Jennie L.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, F-75252 Paris, France. [Law, Katharine S.; Ancellet, Gerard; Pelon, Jacques; Thomas, Jennie L.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [Law, Katharine S.; Ancellet, Gerard; Pelon, Jacques; Thomas, Jennie L.] CNRS INSU, Paris, France. [Law, Katharine S.; Ancellet, Gerard; Pelon, Jacques; Thomas, Jennie L.] LATMOS IPSL, UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Stohl, Andreas] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brock, Charles A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Burkhart, John F.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Paris, Jean-Daniel] CNRS CEA UVSQ, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Singh, Hanwant B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mountain View, CA USA. [Roiger, Anke; Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Arnold, Steve R.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Law, KS (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LATMOS IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM kathy.law@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU French Agence National de Recherche (ANR); CNRS-LEFE; CNES; Norwegian Research Council; NOAA Climate Change and Air Quality Programs; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry and Radiation Sciences Programs; CNRS; ANR; RFBR; SB-RAS; DLR; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1), PAK 348 (SCHL1857/3-1)] FX French support is acknowledged for POLARCAT-France and CLIMSLIP projects from the French Agence National de Recherche (ANR), CNRS-LEFE, and CNES. POLARCAT-Norway was supported by the Norwegian Research Council. The ARCPAC project was supported by NOAA Climate Change and Air Quality Programs. ARCTAS was supported by NASA Tropospheric Chemistry and Radiation Sciences Programs. YAK-AEROSIB measurements were supported by CNRS, ANR, RFBR, and SB-RAS and rely on B. D. Belan, M. Yu. Arshinov, and colleagues at Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Tomsk, Russia, and P. Nedelec at Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Toulouse, France. The Falcon aircraft deployment for POLARCAT-GRACE was funded by DLR. HS and AR acknowledge support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under SPP 1294 (SCHL1857/2-1) and PAK 348 (SCHL1857/3-1). NR 120 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1873 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00017.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA8WP UT WOS:000349201900015 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Wang, CZ Song, ZY Lee, SK AF Zhang, Liping Wang, Chunzai Song, Zhenya Lee, Sang-Ki TI Remote effect of the model cold bias in the tropical North Atlantic on the warm bias in the tropical southeastern Pacific SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ice nucleation; cirrus simulation; superparameterization; aerosol cloud interaction ID CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION; HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SPARTICUS CAMPAIGN; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION AB Most state-of-the-art climate models show significant systematic biases in the tropical southeastern Pacific (SEP) and tropical North Atlantic (TNA). These biases manifest themselves as the sea surface temperature (SST) in the SEP being too warm and the SST in the TNA being too cold. That is, as the cold SST biases appear in the TNA, the warm SST biases also occur in the SEP. This indicates that if climate models cannot succeed in simulating the TNA variability, they will also fail at least partially in the SEP. Our coupled model experiments show that the cold SST bias in the TNA results in a weakening of the Hadley-type circulation from the TNA to the SEP. This meridional circulation reduces the South Pacific subtropical anticyclone and the associated subsidence, which in turn leads to a reduction of low clouds, a weakening of the easterly trade wind, and thus an increase of the warm SST bias in the SEP. C1 [Zhang, Liping] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Liping] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wang, Chunzai; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Song, Zhenya] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ocean.climate.ping@gmail.com RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); National Science Foundation; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950500, 2013CB430301] FX The CMIP5 data for this paper are available through the Earth System Grid-Center for Enabling Technologies (ESG-CET), on the page http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/. The ERSST data are available at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, on the page http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/. Data set: NOAA Extended Reconstructed SST. Data set name: sea surface temperature. The model output used in this paper is available upon request. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), National Science Foundation, and National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB950500 and 2013CB430301). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1026 DI 10.1002/2014MS000338 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA7FP UT WOS:000349083400004 ER PT J AU Zhao, HK Chu, PS Hsu, PC Murakami, H AF Zhao, Haikun Chu, Pao-Shin Hsu, Pang-Chi Murakami, Hiroyuki TI Exploratory analysis of extremely low tropical cyclone activity during the late-season of 2010 and 1998 over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE weak temperature gradient approximation; tropical convection; numerical modeling; cloud system resolving model ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; SINGLE-COLUMN; GRAVITY-WAVES; CONVECTION; INSTABILITY; CIRCULATIONS; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; ENSEMBLE AB This study attempts to understand why the tropical cyclone (TC) frequency over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea was so low in 2010 and 1998 even though a strong La Nina signal occurred in both years. We found that the TC frequency during the late-season (October to December), not in the peak season (July to September), makes 2010 a record low year; the next lowest year is 1998. Specifically, four TCs were observed over the South China Sea (SCS) in the late-season of 1998, but no TCs occurred over the SCS in the same season during 2010. The genesis potential index is used to help diagnose changes in environmental conditions for TC genesis frequency. Results indicate that the decreased low-level vorticity makes the largest contribution to the decreased TC formation over the SCS. The second largest contribution comes from the enhanced vertical wind shear, with relatively small contributions from the negative anomaly in potential intensity and reduction in midlevel relative humidity. These observational results are consistent with numerical simulations using a state of the art model from the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI-AGCM 3.2 Model). Numerical experiments show that the unfavorable conditions for sharply decreased TC formation during the late-season over the SCS in 2010 mainly results from the sea surface temperature anomaly over the western North Pacific basin. This effect is partly offset by the sea surface temperature anomaly in the South Indian Ocean and Northern Indian Ocean basins. C1 [Zhao, Haikun; Hsu, Pang-Chi] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Int Lab Climate & Environm Change, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr,Minist Educ,CDRC ESMC, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chu, Pao-Shin] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Zhao, HK (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Int Lab Climate & Environm Change, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Pacific Typhoon Res Ctr,Minist Educ,CDRC ESMC, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhk2004y@gmail.com RI Murakami, Hiroyuki/L-5745-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41305050, 41275093, 41475091]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430103, 2015CB452803]; project of the specially appointed professorship of Jiangsu Province; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); NSFC [41375100]; Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Province, China [BK20140046]; Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [213014A]; SOUSEI program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan FX The TC data are available from the JTWC (http://jtwccdn.appspot.com/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/wpindex.ph p), the environmental variables data from NCEP/NCAR (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.derived. surface.html), and SST data from NOAA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.ersst.html). This research is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41305050, 41275093, and 41475091), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430103, 2015CB452803), the project of the specially appointed professorship of Jiangsu Province, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). P.-C. Hsu is supported by the NSFC (grant 41375100), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Province, China (BK20140046), and the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (213014A). H.M. was supported by the SOUSEI program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The model simulations were performed on the Earth Simulator. This study is the Earth System Modeling Center Contribution Number 021. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1153 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA7FP UT WOS:000349083400010 ER PT J AU Shaevitz, DA Camargo, SJ Sobel, AH Jonas, JA Kim, D Kumar, A LaRow, TE Lim, YK Murakami, H Reed, KA Roberts, MJ Scoccimarro, E Vidale, PL Wang, H Wehner, MF Zhao, M Henderson, N AF Shaevitz, Daniel A. Camargo, Suzana J. Sobel, Adam H. Jonas, Jeffrey A. Kim, Daehyun Kumar, Arun LaRow, Timothy E. Lim, Young-Kwon Murakami, Hiroyuki Reed, Kevin A. Roberts, Malcolm J. Scoccimarro, Enrico Vidale, Pier Luigi Wang, Hui Wehner, Michael F. Zhao, Ming Henderson, Naomi TI Characteristics of tropical cyclones in high-resolution models in the present climate SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HURRICANE INTENSITY; DECADAL VARIATIONS; GENESIS LOCATION; STORM FORMATION; ENSO AB The global characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated by several climate models are analyzed and compared with observations. The global climate models were forced by the same sea surface temperature (SST) fields in two types of experiments, using climatological SST and interannually varying SST. TC tracks and intensities are derived from each model's output fields by the group who ran that model, using their own preferred tracking scheme; the study considers the combination of model and tracking scheme as a single modeling system, and compares the properties derived from the different systems. Overall, the observed geographic distribution of global TC frequency was reasonably well reproduced. As expected, with the exception of one model, intensities of the simulated TC were lower than in observations, to a degree that varies considerably across models. C1 [Shaevitz, Daniel A.; Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Sobel, Adam H.; Kim, Daehyun; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [LaRow, Timothy E.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Reed, Kevin A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Roberts, Malcolm J.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ctr Euromediterraneosui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy. [Vidale, Pier Luigi] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Wehner, Michael F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Camargo, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Reed, Kevin/C-4466-2012; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; Murakami, Hiroyuki/L-5745-2015; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Reed, Kevin/0000-0003-3741-7080; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; Vidale, Pier Luigi/0000-0002-1800-8460 FU NSF AGS [1143959]; NASA [NNX09AK34G]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank all members of the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group for their contribution to this significant effort. We also would like to thank Naomi Henderson for making the model data available for the working group and managing the data set. D.A.S., S.J.C., and A.H.S. acknowledge support of NSF AGS 1143959. S.J.C., A.H.S., and D.K. acknowledge support for the GISS model runs and analysis from NASA grant NNX09AK34G. E.S. acknowledges support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project. M.W. was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. CAM5 simulations used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), also supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The model data used in this paper are part of the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group data set. Currently, the data are only available for Working Group members, in a near future, the data will be made available for the scientific community. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1154 EP 1172 DI 10.1002/2014MS000372 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA7FP UT WOS:000349083400011 ER PT J AU Stefanescu, ER Patra, AK Bursik, MI Madankan, R Pouget, S Jones, M Singla, P Singh, T Pitman, EB Pavolonis, M Morton, D Webley, P Dehn, J AF Stefanescu, E. R. Patra, A. K. Bursik, M. I. Madankan, R. Pouget, S. Jones, M. Singla, P. Singh, T. Pitman, E. B. Pavolonis, M. Morton, D. Webley, P. Dehn, J. TI Temporal, probabilistic mapping of ash clouds using wind field stochastic variability and uncertain eruption source parameters: Example of the 14 April 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; WARMER CLIMATE; RESOLUTION; GCM; SIMULATIONS; INTEGRATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Uncertainty in predictions from a model of volcanic ash transport in the atmosphere arises from uncertainty in both eruption source parameters and the model wind field. In a previous contribution, we analyzed the probability of ash cloud presence using weighted samples of volcanic ash transport and dispersal model runs and a reanalysis wind field to propagate uncertainty in eruption source parameters alone. In this contribution, the probabilistic modeling is extended by using ensemble forecast wind fields as well as uncertain source parameters. The impact on ash transport of variability in wind fields due to unresolved scales of motion as well as model physics uncertainty is also explored. We have therefore generated a weighted, probabilistic forecast of volcanic ash transport with only a priori information, exploring uncertainty in both the wind field and the volcanic source. C1 [Stefanescu, E. R.; Patra, A. K.; Madankan, R.; Singla, P.; Singh, T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Bursik, M. I.; Pouget, S.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jones, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pitman, E. B.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Math, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Pavolonis, M.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Morton, D.; Webley, P.; Dehn, J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bursik, MI (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mib@buffalo.edu RI Singla, Puneet/D-3642-2012; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Singh, Tarunraj /K-8496-2013; Patra, Abani/F-8262-2016 OI Singla, Puneet/0000-0002-2441-2531; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Singh, Tarunraj /0000-0003-0377-6122; FU AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0336]; NSF [CMMI-1131074] FX We thank Stefano Galmarini and Judith Berner for useful discussions regarding this work. We thank an anonymous Associate Editor of JAMES for useful feedback on a previous submission. The work reported herein was supported by AFOSR contract number FA9550-11-1-0336, and by NSF CMMI-1131074. All results and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect opinions of NSF or AFOSR. The authors acknowledge the Atmospheric Sounding portal of the University of Wyoming (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html) for providing the radiosonde data. Satellite data used in the analyses and computational outputs are available from the authors. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1002/2014MS000332 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA7FP UT WOS:000349083400012 ER PT J AU Bozzo, A Pincus, R Sandu, I Morcrette, JJ AF Bozzo, Alessio Pincus, Robert Sandu, Irina Morcrette, Jean-Jacques TI Impact of a spectral sampling technique for radiation on ECMWF weather forecasts SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STOCHASTIC MIXING MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; VERSION 3; PART I; PRECIPITATION AB Radiation transfer computations are one of the most expensive components of atmospheric models integrations. Methods generally applied to reduce their computational cost, include less frequent update of the radiative fluxes or coarser spatial grids than those used for the rest of the model. In the operational configuration of the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) used at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), radiation accounts for similar to 10% of the total computer time, and the radiative fluxes are computed with both a reduced temporal and spatial resolution. In this study, we show that these approximations have a negligible impact on the forecast errors when looking at the large-scale circulation but they lead to biases in the surface temperature. These are linked to inconsistencies in the representation of surface properties or to poorly sampled temporal evolution of the radiative fluxes. Here we explore an alternative method to alleviate such errors, based on a recently developed technique that estimates radiative fluxes from randomly-chosen subsets of spectral points designed to minimize the surface flux error. This approach introduces substantial uncorrelated noise in the radiative fluxes at the surface and heating rates, but it reduces the cost associated to the spectral integration. Therefore, it allows to update the radiative transfer computations more frequently and to perform them on a denser spatial grid. We evaluate how this approach applies to 5 days weather forecasts by testing different combinations of temporal and spectral sampling at high spatial resolution. We assess the impact of each radiation configuration on the forecast, by comparing the near-surface temperatures to observations from synoptic stations. The results show that a combination of spectrally sparse but temporally and spatially dense radiation calculations has the potential to reduce the forecast errors, particularly those associated with underresolved topography and stable nocturnal boundary layers, with affordable computational costs. C1 [Bozzo, Alessio; Sandu, Irina; Morcrette, Jean-Jacques] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bozzo, A (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. EM alessio.bozzo@ecmwf.int RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU US National Science Foundation's Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0441] FX SURFRAD and BSRN data are made available through the NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory/Global Monitoring Divisioin-Radiation (G-RAD). The model experiments are based on the ECMWF IFS code, which is a comprehensive NWP model documented in http://old.ecmwf.int/ifsdocs/. The code changes for the sensitivity experiments are described in the current manuscript. Data analysis and visualizations have been produced thanks to the NCAR Command Language (Version 6.2.0) freely available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5. RP's contributions were supported by the US National Science Foundation's Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement No. ATM-0425247, and by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-11-1-0441. A.B. is grateful to Mark Rodwell for the useful suggestions in the data analysis. The authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1288 EP 1300 DI 10.1002/2014MS000386 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA7FP UT WOS:000349083400019 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Hazen, EL Howell, EA Hollowed, AB AF Bograd, Steven J. Hazen, Elliott L. Howell, Evan A. Hollowed, Anne B. TI The Fate of Fisheries Oceanography Introduction to the Special Issue SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; FUTURE; PHENOLOGY; IMPACTS; TECHNOLOGIES; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT C1 [Bograd, Steven J.; Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA USA. [Howell, Evan A.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM steven.bograd@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 FU NOAA Fisheries; Environment (FATE) program FX We are grateful to Mike Ford, Kenric Osgood, and the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, which provided financial support for this special volume. We also thank all of the authors who contributed to this special issue, as well as the external reviewers who provided valuable suggestions to the authors. Special thanks go to Ellen Kappel, Vicky Cullen, and Johanna Adams at Oceanography magazine for helping this issue come to fruition. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.83 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000005 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Duffy-Anderson, J Field, JC Goericke, R Griffith, D Hanisko, DS Hare, JA Lyczkowski-Shultz, J Peterson, WT Watson, W Weber, ED Zapfe, G AF McClatchie, Sam Duffy-Anderson, Janet Field, John C. Goericke, Ralf Griffith, Dave Hanisko, David S. Hare, Jonathan A. Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne Peterson, William T. Watson, William Weber, Edward D. Zapfe, Glenn TI Long Time Series in Us Fisheries Oceanography SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH; SUMMER ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS AB Few fisheries oceanography surveys in the United States have sampled hydrography and ichthyoplankton or juvenile fishes for 15 years or more. We describe six long time series surveys, including three from the California Current System, and one each from Alaska (Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and the Arctic), the Northeast US Shelf, and the Gulf of Mexico. We examine the applications of long time series data as well as the output of published analyses, Web-based graphical summaries, and quality controlled data to the broader scientific community (including resource managers and stakeholders). Potential improvements to the surveys using new technologies are evaluated, and possible changes in survey design are discussed. We conclude with a summary of the benefits derived from these long time series fisheries oceanography surveys and make the case for their continuation. C1 [McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA USA. [Field, John C.; Griffith, Dave] NOAA, SWFSC, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Goericke, Ralf] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hanisko, David S.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, NMFS, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Narragansett, RI USA. [Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne; Zapfe, Glenn] NOAA, SEFSC, NMFS, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR USA. [Watson, William; Weber, Edward D.] NOAA, SWFSC, NMFS, La Jolla, CA USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. EM sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X NR 131 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 48 EP 67 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.86 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000008 ER PT J AU Guy, LS Duffy-Anderson, J Matarese, AC Mordy, CW Napp, JM Stabeno, PJ AF Guy, Lisa Sheffield Duffy-Anderson, Janet Matarese, Ann C. Mordy, Calvin W. Napp, Jeffrey M. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Understanding Climate Control of Fisheries Recruitment in the Eastern Bering Sea SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SUMMER ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; FUTURE CLIMATE; MIDDLE SHELF AB Alaska's Bering Sea ecosystem is changing rapidly, and the people and animals living in this area must quickly adapt. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program has been monitoring the Bering Sea ecosystem for more than 20 years with a multidisciplinary toolbox of biophysical moorings, ship-based operations, and satellite-tracked drifters. Physical and biological time-series data collected from a series of three-to-seven-year programs have supported foundational ecosystem science and provided great insight into how climate can influence fisheries recruitment. In this article, we highlight the major discoveries made during nearly two decades of observations in the Bering Sea. C1 [Guy, Lisa Sheffield] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Univ Washington Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oce, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet; Matarese, Ann C.; Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA, PMEL, Univ Washington JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Guy, LS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Univ Washington Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oce, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM lisa.guy@noaa.gov FU Elizabeth Turner; Kenric Osgood; Roger Griffis (NOAA); William Wiseman (NSF); Francis Wiese (NPRB); NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [4258]; NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. [0827]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148] FX The authors thank current and former EcoFOCI scientists for collection and processing of data, and we thank the crews of research vessels involved in our work. We thank Karen Birchfield, Deborah Blood, Nancy Kachel, and Tiffany Vance for creating graphics and figures for this article. We also thank current and former program managers who funded this research: Elizabeth Turner, Kenric Osgood, and Roger Griffis (NOAA), William Wiseman (NSF), and Francis Wiese (NPRB). This paper is contribution No. 4258 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and No. 0827 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA100AR4320148, Contribution No. 2392. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.89 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000011 ER PT J AU Robinson, KL Ruzicka, JJ Decker, MB Brodeur, RD Hernandez, FJ Ouinones, J Acha, EM Uye, S Mianzan, H Graham, WM AF Robinson, Kelly L. Ruzicka, James J. Decker, Mary Beth Brodeur, Richard D. Hernandez, Frank J. Ouinones, Javier Marcelo Acha, E. Uye, Shin-ichi Mianzan, Hermes Graham, William M. TI Jellyfish, Forage Fish, and the Worlds Major Fisheries SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; FOOD-WEB; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; PELAGIC CNIDARIANS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS AB A majority of the worlds largest net-based fisheries target planktivorous forage fish that serve as a critical trophic link between the plankton and upper-level consumers such as large predatory fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals. Because the plankton production that drives forages fish also drives jellyfish production, these taxa often overlap in space, time and diet in coastal ecosystems. This overlap likely leads to predatory and competitive interactions, as jellyfish are effective predators of fish early life stages and zooplankton. The trophic interplay between these groups is made more complex by the harvest of forage fish, which presumably releases jellyfish from competition and is hypothesized to lead to an increase in their production. To understand the role forage fish and jellyfish play as alternate energy transfer pathways in coastal ecosystems, we explore how functional group productivity is altered in three oceanographically distinct ecosystems when jellyfish are abundant and when fish harvest rates are reduced using ecosystem modelling. We propose that ecosystem-based fishery management approaches to forage fish stocks include the use of jellyfish as an independent, empirical "ecosystem health indicator. C1 [Robinson, Kelly L.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Decker, Mary Beth] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR USA. [Hernandez, Frank J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Ouinones, Javier] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Lab Costero Pisco, Ica, Peru. [Marcelo Acha, E.; Mianzan, Hermes] Natl Univ Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Uye, Shin-ichi] Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Higashihiroshima, Japan. [Graham, William M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Robinson, KL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kelly.robinson@oregonstate.edu FU Pew Charitable Trusts [00025535]; North Pacific Research Board [1405] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Katrina Aleska (USM), Naomi Yoder (USM). and Sangay Dorji (Yale University). The authors thank Bob Lauth and Kristin Cieciel at the NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center for providing the eastern Bering Sea jellyfishdata. K.L. Robinson, J.J. Ruzicka, and M.B. Decker were supported by a Lenfest Ocean Program grant (No. 00025535) to W.M. Graham at The University of Southern Mississippi, funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts. J.J. Ruzicka, M.B. Decker, and RD. Brodeur were also supported by funding from North Pacific Research Board (Project 1405). NR 120 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 76 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.90 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000012 ER PT J AU Boldt, JL Martone, R Samhouri, J Perry, RI Itoh, S Chung, IK Takahashi, M Yoshle, N AF Boldt, Jennifer L. Martone, Rebecca Samhouri, Jameal Perry, R. Ian Itoh, Sachihiko Chung, Ik Kyo Takahashi, Motomitsu Yoshle, Naoki TI Developing Ecosystem Indicators for Responses to Multiple Stressors SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFTS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COASTAL SYSTEMS; PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB Human activities in coastal and marine ecosystems provide a suite of benefits for people, but can also produce a number of stressors that can act additively, synergistically, or antagonistically to change ecosystem structure, function, and dynamics in ways that differ from single stressor responses. Scientific tools that can be used to evaluate the effects of multiple stressors are needed to assist decision making. In this paper, we review indicator selection methods and general approaches to assess indicator responses to multiple stressors and compare example ecosystem assessments. Recommendations are presented for choosing and assessing suites of indicators to characterize responses. Indicators should be chosen based upon defined criteria, conceptual models linking indicators to pressures and drivers, and defined strategic goals and ecological or management objectives. Indicators should be complementary and nonredundant, and they should integrate responses to multiple stressors and reflect the status of the ecosystem. An initial core set of indicators could include those that have been tested for the effects of climate and fishing and then expanded to include other pressures and ecosystem-specific, feature-pressure interactions. Identifying indicators and evaluating multiple stressors on marine ecosystems require a variety of approaches, such as empirical analyses, expert opinion, and model-based simulation. The goal is to identify a meaningful set of indicators that can be used to assist with the management of multiple types of human interactions with marine ecosystems. C1 [Boldt, Jennifer L.; Perry, R. Ian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Martone, Rebecca] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA. [Samhouri, Jameal] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Itoh, Sachihiko] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Chung, Ik Kyo] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Pusan, South Korea. [Takahashi, Motomitsu] Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Fisheries Resources & Oceanog Div, Nagasaki, Japan. [Yoshle, Naoki] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Boldt, JL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM jennifer.boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 130 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 53 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 116 EP 133 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.91 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000013 ER PT J AU Pinsky, ML Mantua, NJ AF Pinsky, Malin L. Mantua, Nathan J. TI Emerging Adaptation Approaches for Climate-Ready Fisheries Management SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; PACIFIC SARDINE; NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; MARINE FISH; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LONGLINE FISHERY AB By 2100, ocean waters are expected to be substantially warmer and more acidic than they are today, with profound effects on coupled social-ecological fisheries systems. Despite broad recognition of impacts from both anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability, incorporating climate and acidification considerations into management approaches has been difficult. However, clear opportunities exist for fostering "climate-ready" fisheries management, as evidenced by emerging research and implementation experiences that we review here. Approaches now exist for integrating climate change and variability into monitoring, vulnerability assessments, stock assessments, spatial management, annual harvest limits, international agreements, and management of emerging fisheries. While uncertainty, limited understanding, and the increased complexity of these new considerations have delayed more widespread implementation to date, these factors do not change the reality of climate change impacts on living marine resources. We conclude that, despite ongoing research needs, fisheries management can substantially expand capacity to respond to a changing climate. C1 [Pinsky, Malin L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Pinsky, ML (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM malin.pinsky@rutgers.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015 OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU Pew Charitable Trusts; National Science Foundation [OCE-1426891, OCE-1430218]; New Jersey Sea Grant [R/6410-0011] FX Many thanks to mike Fogarty, Bonnie McCay, Roger Griffis, Olaf Jensen, Rebecca Goldburg, Kevin St. Martin, and Faith Kearns for conversations and comments on earlier drafts that helped inform our thinking on these questions. The Pew Charitable Trusts, the National Science Foundation (OCE-1426891 and OCE-1430218), and New Jersey Sea Grant (R/6410-0011) provided support for this project. NR 110 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 38 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.93 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000015 ER PT J AU Kim, S Hollowed, AB Barange, M MacKenzie, BR AF Kim, Suam Hollowed, Anne B. Barange, Manuel MacKenzie, Brian R. TI ICES and PICES Strategies for Coordinating Research on the Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; FISHERIES; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; FISH; SEA AB The social, economic, and ecological consequences of projected climate change on fish and fisheries are issues of global concern. In 2012, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) established a Strategic Initiative on Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems (SICCME) to synthesize and to promote innovative, credible, and objective science-based advice on the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. SICCME takes advantage of the unique and complementary strengths of the two organizations to develop a research initiative that focuses on their shared interests. A phased implementation will ensure that SICCME will be responsive to a rapidly evolving research area while delivering ongoing syntheses of existing knowledge, thereby advancing new science and methodologies and communicating new insights at each phase. C1 [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan, South Korea. [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [MacKenzie, Brian R.] Tech Univ Denmark DTU Aqua, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Charlottenlund, Denmark. [MacKenzie, Brian R.] Tech Univ Denmark DTU Aqua, Ctr Ocean Life, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan, South Korea. EM suamkim@pknu.ac.kr RI Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483; FU Korea Meteorological Administration [CATER 2012-7160] FX We greatly appreciate excellent and productive comments from reviewers for the earlier manuscript PICES Scientific Report 45 for the SICCME Science Plan and Implementation Plan was a big help for preparation of this manuscript, and we thank Rebecca White of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center for development of Figure 3. Partial support for Kim's travel and manuscript preparation was from the Korea Meteorological Administration project "Prediction on variability of marine living resources under changing climate" (CATER 2012-7160). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.94 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000016 ER PT J AU Greene, CH Meyer-Gutbrod, EL McGarry, LP Hufnagle, LC Chu, DZ McClatchie, S Packer, A Jung, JB Acker, T Dorn, H Pelkie, C AF Greene, Charles H. Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin L. McGarry, Louise P. Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr. Chu, Dezhang McClatchie, Sam Packer, Asa Jung, Jae-Byung Acker, Timothy Dorn, Huck Pelkie, Chris TI A Wave Glider Approach to Fisheries Acoustics Transforming How We Monitor the Nation's Commercial Fisheries in the 21st Century SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Possessing the world's largest Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the United States enjoys the benefits of a multi-billion dollar commercial fishing industry. Along with these benefits comes the enormous task of assessing the status of the nation's commercial fish stocks. At present, many of the most valuable commercial fish stocks are assessed using acoustic surveys conducted from manned survey vessels. The expense and limited availability of ship time often compromise the quantity and quality of the acoustic stock assessment data being collected. Here, we describe our vision for how an unmanned mobile platform, the Liquid Robotics Wave Glider, can be used in large numbers to supplement manned survey vessels and transform fisheries acoustics into a science more consistent with the new ocean-observing paradigm. Wave Gliders harness wave energy for propulsion and solar energy to power their communications, control, navigation, and environmental-sensing systems. This unique utilization of wave and solar energy allows Wave Gliders to collect ocean environmental data sets for extended periods of time. Recently, we developed new technology for Wave Gliders that enable them to collect multifrequency, split-beam acoustic data sets comparable to those collected with manned survey vessels. A fleet of Wave Gliders collecting such data would dramatically improve the synoptic nature as well as the spatial and temporal coverage of acoustic stock assessment surveys. With improved stock assessments, fisheries managers would have better information to set quotas that maximize yields to fishermen and reduce the likelihood of overfishing. Improved observational capabilities also would enable fisheries scientists and oceanographers to more closely monitor the responses of different fish stocks to climate variability and change as well as ocean acidification. C1 [Greene, Charles H.; Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin L.; McGarry, Louise P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Hufnagle, Lawrence C., Jr.; Chu, Dezhang] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Packer, Asa; Jung, Jae-Byung; Acker, Timothy] BioSonics Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Dorn, Huck] Liquid Robot Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Pelkie, Chris] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Greene, CH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM chg2@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Studies Program; National Marine Fisheries Service Advanced Survey Technologies Program; Office of Naval Research Biological Oceanography Program FX This paper is based on an exhibit prepared for the US State Department's Our Ocean Conference. We wish to express our appreciation to the State Department for an invitation to participate in the conference. The first author also acknowledges the Whiteley Center at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories for providing an inspiring setting within which to prepare this paper. The research described here was supported by the National Science Foundation Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Studies Program, the National Marine Fisheries Service Advanced Survey Technologies Program, and the Office of Naval Research Biological Oceanography Program. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 29 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SI SI BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2014.82 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA3TC UT WOS:000348828000017 ER PT J AU Baumberger, T Lilley, MD Resing, JA Lupton, JE Baker, ET Butterfield, DA Olson, EJ Fruh-Green, GL AF Baumberger, Tamara Lilley, Marvin D. Resing, Joseph A. Lupton, John E. Baker, Edward T. Butterfield, David A. Olson, Eric J. Frueh-Green, Gretchen L. TI Understanding a submarine eruption through time series hydrothermal plume sampling of dissolved and particulate constituents: West Mata, 2008-2012 SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Lau Basin; West Mata; submarine volcanic eruption; dissolved gases ID LAVA-SEAWATER INTERACTIONS; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; EVENT PLUMES; DEEP-SEA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; AXIAL VOLCANO; MARIANA ARC AB Four cruises between 2008 and 2012 monitored the continuing eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin as it produced plumes of chemically altered water above its summit. Although large enrichments in He-3, CO2, Fe, and Mn were observed in the plumes, the most notable enrichment was that of H-2, which reached concentrations as high as 14,843 nM. Strongly enriched H-2 concentrations in the water column result from reactions between seawater or magmatic water and extremely hot rocks. In 2008, the observation of elevated H-2 concentrations in the water column above West Mata pointed to vigorous ongoing eruptions at the volcano's summit. The eruption was confirmed by visual observations made by the ROV Jason 2 in 2009 and demonstrated that H-2 measurements are a vital instrument to detect ongoing volcanic eruptions at the seafloor. Elevated H-2 in 2010 showed that the eruption was ongoing, although at a reduced level given a maximum H-2 concentration of 4410 nM. In 2012, H-2 levels in the water column declined significantly, to a maximum of only 7 nM, consistent with visual observations from the Quest-4000 ROV that found no evidence of an ongoing volcanic eruption. Methane behaved independently of other measured gases and its concentrations in the hydrothermal plume were very low. We attribute its minimal enrichments to a mixture of mantle carbon reduced to CH4 and biological CH4 from diffuse flow sites. This study demonstrates that ongoing submarine volcanic eruptions are characterized by high dissolved H-2 concentrations present in the overlying water column. C1 [Baumberger, Tamara; Frueh-Green, Gretchen L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Baumberger, Tamara] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Bergen, Norway. [Lilley, Marvin D.; Olson, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Butterfield, David A.] Univ Washington, NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA. [Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baumberger, T (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM tamara.baumberger@geo.uib.no RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2170]; NOAA-PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program, PMEL [3856]; Swiss National Science Foundation [20MA21-115916]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research FX We thank the crew and technical staff of the research vessel T.G. Thompson and the Jason-2 ROV team for excellent support during our expeditions. Kevin Roe and Hoang-My Christensen assisted with sampling and analysis. We thank Susan Merle for Figures 1 and 2 and Bob Embley for his help with the maps. We also thank Cedric Hamelin for his appreciated help with the manuscript and Rolf Birger Pedersen and Ingunn H. Thorseth for their support during the writing process. And we thank Ken Rubin, M. J. Mottl and two anonymous reviewers for the detailed and constructive suggestions. The data used for this study are available in supporting information Tables S1-S4. Details on the Delta NTU data used to generate the background of Figure 10 are available in supporting information T10B-06. Expedition reports for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2012 can be downloaded at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/laubasin.html. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2170, and by the NOAA-PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program, PMEL contribution 3856. Financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 20MA21-115916 to Fruh-Green is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for research cruises was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 12 BP 4631 EP 4650 DI 10.1002/2014GC005460 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JZ UT WOS:000348061300004 ER PT J AU Lee, T Lagerloef, G Kao, HY McPhaden, MJ Willis, J Gierach, MM AF Lee, Tong Lagerloef, Gary Kao, Hsun-Ying McPhaden, Michael J. Willis, Joshua Gierach, Michelle M. TI The influence of salinity on tropical Atlantic instability waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ocean salinity; remote sensing; tropical instability waves ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; ROSSBY WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; WIND STRESS; OCEAN; ENERGETICS; IMPACT; VARIABILITY AB Sea surface salinity (SSS) data derived from the Aquarius/SAC-D satellite mission are analyzed along with other satellite and in situ data to assess Aquarius' capability to detect tropical instability waves (TIWs) and eddies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and to investigate the influence that SSS has on the variability. Aquarius data show that the magnitude of SSS anomalies associated with the Atlantic TIWs is 0.25 practical salinity unit, which is weaker than those in the Pacific by 50%. In the central equatorial Atlantic, SSS contribution to the mean meridional density gradient is similar to sea surface temperature (SST) contribution. Consequently, SSS is important to TIW-related surface density anomalies and perturbation potential energy (PPE). In this region, SSS influences surface PPE significantly through the direct effect and the indirect effect associated with SSS-SST covariability. Ignoring SSS effects would underestimate TIW-related PPE by approximately three times in the surface layer. SSS also regulates the seasonality of the TIWs. The boreal-spring peak of the PPE due to SSS leads that due to SST by about one month. Therefore, SSS not only affects the spatial structure, but the seasonal variability of the TIWs in the equatorial Atlantic. In the northeast Atlantic near the Amazon outflow and the North Brazil Current retroflection region and in the southeast Atlantic near the Congo River outflow, SSS accounts for 80-90% of the contribution to mean meridional density gradient. Not accounting for SSS effect would underestimate surface PPE in these regions by a factor of 10 and 4, respectively. C1 [Lee, Tong; Willis, Joshua; Gierach, Michelle M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lagerloef, Gary; Kao, Hsun-Ying] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Tong.Lee@jpl.nasa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This is PMEL contribution 4156. The gridded Aquarius data used in this study were provided by Gary Lagerloef (lager@esr.org) and Hsun-Ying Kao (hkao@esr.org) of Earth and Space Research. The links of all other data used in this study were provided in in section 2 "Data'' of this paper. We thank Xiaobin Yin of LOCEAN-IPSL for providing the Matlab script and instruction of Radon transform and Seymon Grodsky of University of Maryland for providing the source of the Congo River discharge. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8375 EP 8394 DI 10.1002/2014JC010100 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AZ8GI UT WOS:000348452800010 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC McTaggart, KE Wanninkhof, R AF Johnson, Gregory C. McTaggart, Kristene E. Wanninkhof, Rik TI Antarctic Bottom Water temperature changes in the western South Atlantic from 1989 to 2014 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Bottom Water; abyssal warming; Brazil Basin; repeat hydrography; Argentine Basin; ocean temperature ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; WEDDELL SEA; GLOBAL HEAT; DEEP; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ABYSSAL; BUDGETS; CHANNEL AB Warming of abyssal waters in recent decades contributes to global heat uptake and sea level rise. Repeat oceanographic section data in the western South Atlantic taken mostly in 1989 (1995 across the Scotia Sea), 2005, and 2014 are used to quantify warming in abyssal waters that spread northward through the region from their Antarctic origins in the Weddell Sea. While much of the Scotia Sea warmed between 1995 and 2005, only the southernmost portion, on the north side of the Weddell Gyre, continued to warm between 2005 and 2014. The abyssal Argentine Basin also warmed between 1989 and 2005, but again only the southernmost portion continued to warm between 2005 and 2014, suggesting a slowdown in the inflow of the coldest, densest Antarctic Bottom Waters into the western South Atlantic between 1989 and 2014. In contrast, the abyssal waters of the Brazil Basin warmed both between 1989 and 2005 and between 2005 and 2014, at a rate of about 2 m degrees C yr(-1). This warming is also assessed in terms of the rates of change of heights above the bottom for deep isotherms in each deep basin studied. These results, together with findings from previous studies, suggest the deep warming signal observed in the Weddell Sea after the mid-1970s Weddell Polynya was followed by abyssal warming in the Argentine Basin from the late 1970s through about 2005, then warming in the deep Vema Channel from about 1992 through at least 2010, and warming in the Brazil Basin from 1989 to 2014. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; McTaggart, Kristene E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Research FX Thanks to all those who helped to collect, process, and calibrate the data from the oceanographic sections analyzed here. These data are publicly available from http://cchdo.ucsd.edu/. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office and NOAA Research. PMEL contribution 4188. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8567 EP 8577 DI 10.1002/2014JC010367 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AZ8GI UT WOS:000348452800021 ER PT J AU Newman, T Farrell, SL Richter-Menge, J Connor, LN Kurtz, NT Elder, BC McAdoo, D AF Newman, Thomas Farrell, Sinead L. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Connor, Laurence N. Kurtz, Nathan T. Elder, Bruce C. McAdoo, David TI Assessment of radar-derived snow depth over Arctic sea ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE snow; sea ice; remote sensing; instruments and techniques; wavelet transform ID THICKNESS; MISSION; LASER AB Knowledge of contemporaneous snow depth on Arctic sea ice is important both to constrain the regional climatology and to improve the accuracy of satellite altimeter estimates of sea ice thickness. We assess new data available from the NASA Operation IceBridge snow radar instrument and derive snow depth estimates across the western Arctic ice pack using a novel methodology based on wavelet techniques that define the primary reflecting surfaces within the snow pack. We assign uncertainty to the snow depth estimates based upon both the radar system parameters and sea ice topographic variability. The accuracy of the airborne snow depth estimates are examined via comparison with coincident measurements gathered in situ across a range of ice types in the Beaufort Sea. We discuss the effect of surface morphology on the derivation, and consequently the accuracy, of airborne snow depth estimates. We find that snow depths derived from the airborne snow radar using the wavelet-based technique are accurate to 1 cm over level ice. Over rougher surfaces including multiyear and ridged ice, the radar system is impacted by ice surface morphology. Across basin scales, we find the snow-radar-derived snow depth on first-year ice is at least approximate to 60% of the value reported in the snow climatology for the Beaufort Sea, Canada Basin, and parts of the central Arctic, since these regions were previously dominated by multiyear ice during the measurement period of the climatology. Snow on multiyear ice is more consistent with the climatology. C1 [Newman, Thomas; Farrell, Sinead L.; McAdoo, David] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Newman, Thomas; Farrell, Sinead L.; Connor, Laurence N.; McAdoo, David] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Satellite Oceanog & Climatol Div, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Richter-Menge, Jacqueline; Elder, Bruce C.] US Army Corps Engn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Kurtz, Nathan T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Newman, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tnewman3@umd.edu RI Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010 OI Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564; Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751 FU ONR Arctic grants [N000141210512, N0001412MP20150]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX Data used for the results of this paper are found at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC, nsidc.org). IceBridge data utilized in this study are archived at the NSIDC: the IceBridge ATM Level-1B Elevation and Return Strength (ILATM1B) data set is available at http://nsidc.org/data/ilatm1b.html, the DMS L1B Geolocated and Orthorectified Images (IODMS1B) data set is available at http://nsidc.org/data/iodms1b.html, the NASA IceBridge Snow Radar Level-1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles (IRSNO1B) data set is available at http://nsidc.org/data/irsno1b.html, and the IceBridge Sea Ice Freeboard, Snow Depth, and Thickness (IDCSI2) data set is available at http://nsidc.org/data/idcsi2.html. This work was supported by ONR Arctic grants N000141210512 and N0001412MP20150 and by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. The authors thank Dr. L. Miller and two anonymous reviewers for their comments which helped to improve the text. The authors thank the IceBridge Instrument Teams, Science Team, and Project Science Office, as well as the aircraft support crew, for their diligent efforts in gathering and processing the OIB data. We acknowledge the significant work done by the CReSIS faculty, staff, and students in the design, development, operation, and data processing for the snow radar system. The authors thank the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory for collecting the in situ data. The authors thank the Naval Research Laboratory for their logistical support, including members of the field team. The authors thank the Arctic Submarine Laboratory for providing the ice camp that served as the base of operations for the in situ observation team and assisted in the coordination of the aircraft over flights. Data used in this paper were acquired by NASAs Operation IceBridge Project. The contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8578 EP 8602 DI 10.1002/2014JC010284 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AZ8GI UT WOS:000348452800022 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Wang, MH AF Liu, Xiaoming Wang, Menghua TI River runoff effect on the suspended sediment property in the upper Chesapeake Bay using MODIS observations and ROMS simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; total suspended sediment; river discharge; ROMS simulations ID ESTUARINE TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CORRECTION ALGORITHM; PARTICULATE MATTER; SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; SHELF SEAS; MODEL AB Ocean color data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua from 2002 to 2012 and simulations from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) are used to study the impact of the Susquehanna River discharge on the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Since the water in the upper Chesapeake Bay is highly turbid, the shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithm is used for deriving the normalized water-leaving radiance nL(w)() spectra from MODIS-Aqua measurements. nL(w)() spectra are further processed into the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm K-d(490) and TSS. MODIS-Aqua-derived monthly TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay and in situ Susquehanna River discharge data show similar patterns in seasonal variations. The TSS monthly temporal variation in the upper Chesapeake Bay is also found in phase with the monthly averaged river discharge data. Since the Susquehanna River discharge is mainly dominated by a few high discharge events due to winter-spring freshets or tropical storms in each year, the impact of these high discharge events on the upper Chesapeake Bay TSS is investigated. Both MODIS-measured daily TSS images and sediment data derived from ROMS simulations show that the Susquehanna River discharge is the dominant factor for the variations of TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Although the high river discharge event usually lasts for only a few days, its induced high TSS concentration in the upper Chesapeake Bay can sustain for approximate to 10-20 days. The elongated TSS rebounding stage is attributed to horizontal advection of slowly settling fine sediment from the Susquehanna River. C1 [Liu, Xiaoming; Wang, Menghua] Univ Res Court, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Xiaoming] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Univ Res Court, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Liu, Xiaoming/F-5571-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 IS 12 BP 8646 EP 8661 DI 10.1002/2014JC010081 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AZ8GI UT WOS:000348452800025 ER PT J AU Moore, SE Gulland, FMD AF Moore, Sue E. Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Linking marine mammal and ocean health in the 'New Normal' arctic SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CETACEANS; DISEASES AB The 'New Normal' Arctic ecosystem and the reliance of indigenous people on marine mammals for subsistence makes urgent the need for a comprehensive marine mammal health monitoring program linked to regional ocean observing systems. An Arctic-focused Marine Mammal Health Map (MMHM) framework could be initiated via expansion and coordination between regional Ocean Observing Systems and Community-based Monitoring Programs. In the US, this approach would build upon three activities currently supported by the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS): ocean data access, community based monitoring and spatial tools for data visualization. The new MMHM framework would support a more holistic understanding of climate change impacts to ocean ecosystems, aid in the prioritization of management efforts to mitigate impacts to marine mammals and complement marine ecosystem monitoring programs fostered by the Arctic Council and UNESCO. Ultimately, we advocate for the inclusion of MMHM products as 'essential ocean variables' in the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sue.moore@noaa.gov; gullandf@tmmc.org NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 102 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.08.011 PN A PG 3 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA AY4XZ UT WOS:000347579600007 ER PT J AU Trenkel, VM Huse, G MacKenzie, BR Alvarez, P Arrizabalaga, H Castonguay, M Gani, N Gregoire, F Hatun, H Jansen, T Jacobsen, JA Lehodey, P Lutcavage, M Mariani, P Melvin, GD Neilson, JD Nottestad, L Oskarsson, GJ Payne, MR Richardson, DE Senina, I Speirs, DC AF Trenkel, V. M. Huse, G. MacKenzie, B. R. Alvarez, P. Arrizabalaga, H. Castonguay, M. Gani, N. Gregoire, F. Hatun, H. Jansen, T. Jacobsen, J. A. Lehodey, P. Lutcavage, M. Mariani, P. Melvin, G. D. Neilson, J. D. Nottestad, L. Oskarsson, G. J. Payne, M. R. Richardson, D. E. Senina, I. Speirs, D. C. TI Comparative ecology of widely distributed pelagic fish species in the North Atlantic: Implications for modelling climate and fisheries impacts SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MACKEREL SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS; WHITING MICROMESISTIUS-POUTASSOU; BARENTS SEA CAPELIN; SWORDFISH XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-MERLUCCIUS; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY AB This paper reviews the current knowledge on the ecology of widely distributed pelagic fish stocks in the North Atlantic basin with emphasis on their role in the food web and the factors determining their relationship with the environment. We consider herring (Clupea harengus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), which have distributions extending beyond the continental shelf and predominantly occur on both sides of the North Atlantic. We also include albacore (Thunnus alalunga), bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), which, by contrast, show large-scale migrations at the basin scale. We focus on the links between life history processes and the environment, horizontal and vertical distribution, spatial structure and trophic role. Many of these species carry out extensive migrations from spawning grounds to nursery and feeding areas. Large oceanographic features such as the North Atlantic subpolar gyre play an important role in determining spatial distributions and driving variations in stock size. Given the large biomasses of especially the smaller species considered here, these stocks can exert significant top-down pressures on the food web and are important in supporting higher trophic levels. The review reveals commonalities and differences between the ecology of widely distributed pelagic fish in the NE and NW Atlantic basins, identifies knowledge gaps and modelling needs that the EURO-BASIN project attempts to address. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trenkel, V. M.] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. [Huse, G.; Nottestad, L.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [MacKenzie, B. R.] Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Ctr Ocean Life, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [MacKenzie, B. R.; Jansen, T.; Mariani, P.; Payne, M. R.] Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Ctr Ocean Life, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Alvarez, P.; Arrizabalaga, H.; Gani, N.] AZTI Tecn, Pasaia 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain. [Castonguay, M.; Gregoire, F.] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, DFO, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Hatun, H.; Jacobsen, J. A.] Faroe Marine Res Inst FAMRI, FO-110 Tiirshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark. [Lehodey, P.] CLS Satellite Oceanog Div, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Lutcavage, M.] Umass Amherst, LPRC, Marine Stn, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Melvin, G. D.; Neilson, J. D.] DFO, Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Oskarsson, G. J.] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Richardson, D. E.] NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Speirs, D. C.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Math & Stat, Glasgow G1 1XH, Lanark, Scotland. RP Trenkel, VM (reprint author), IFREMER, Rue Ile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. EM verena.trenkel@ifremer.fr RI Payne, Mark/C-6844-2008; Speirs, Douglas/D-7526-2013; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI MacKenzie, Brian/0000-0002-4798-0363; Arrizabalaga, Haritz/0000-0002-3861-6316; Trenkel, Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X; Payne, Mark/0000-0001-5795-2481; FU European Union Seventh Framework Programme Project EURO-BASIN [ENV.2010.2.2.1-1, 264933]; NACLIM Project [308299] FX This review received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme Project EURO-BASIN (ENV.2010.2.2.1-1) under Grant Agreement No. 264933. MRP acknowledges funding from the NACLIM Project (Grant Agreement No. 308299). NR 405 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 129 SI SI BP 219 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.030 PN B PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AY7JX UT WOS:000347737700004 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Bailey, LL Dreher, BP Link, WA AF McClintock, Brett T. Bailey, Larissa L. Dreher, Brian P. Link, William A. TI PROBIT MODELS FOR CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA SUBJECT TO IMPERFECT DETECTION, INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY AND MISIDENTIFICATION SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Data augmentation; individual heterogeneity; latent multinomial; mark recapture; missing data; population size; probit regression; record linkage ID RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; POPULATION-SIZE; CLOSED POPULATION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; MARK-RECAPTURE; MULTIPLE; SURVIVAL; UNCERTAINTY; ERROR; FORMULATION AB As noninvasive sampling techniques for animal populations have become more popular, there has been increasing interest in the development of capture-recapture models that can accommodate both imperfect detection and misidentification of individuals (e.g., due to genotyping error). However, current methods do not allow for individual variation in parameters, such as detection or survival probability. Here we develop misidentification models for capture-recapture data that can simultaneously account for temporal variation, behavioral effects and individual heterogeneity in parameters. To facilitate Bayesian inference using our approach, we extend standard probit regression techniques to latent multinomial models where the dimension and zeros of the response cannot be observed. We also present a novel Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs algorithm for fitting these models using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Using closed population abundance models for illustration, we re-visit a DNA capture-recapture population study of black bears in Michigan, USA and find evidence of misidentification due to genotyping error, as well as temporal, behavioral and individual variation in detection probability. We also estimate a salamander population of known size from laboratory experiments evaluating the effectiveness of a marking technique commonly used for amphibians and fish. Our model was able to reliably estimate the size of this population and provided evidence of individual heterogeneity in misidentification probability that is attributable to variable mark quality. Our approach is more computationally demanding than previously proposed methods, but it provides the flexibility necessary for a much broader suite of models to be explored while properly accounting for uncertainty introduced by misidentification and imperfect detection. In the absence of misidentification, our probit formulation also provides a convenient and efficient Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of traditional closed population capture-recapture data. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservation Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dreher, Brian P.] Colorado Parks & Wildlife, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Link, William A.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov; larissa.bailey@colostate.edu; brian.dreher@state.co.us; wlink@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration [W-147-R-2]; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Michigan State University FX Funding for the bear example was provided in part by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-147-R-2, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Michigan State University. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 2461 EP 2484 DI 10.1214/14-AOAS783 PG 24 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AY4EF UT WOS:000347530200026 ER PT J AU Celotta, RJ Balakirsky, SB Fein, AP Hess, FM Rutter, GM Stroscio, JA AF Celotta, Robert J. Balakirsky, Stephen B. Fein, Aaron P. Hess, Frank M. Rutter, Gregory M. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Invited Article: Autonomous assembly of atomically perfect nanostructures using a scanning tunneling microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ATOMS; LATERAL MANIPULATION; QUANTUM CORRALS; CO MOLECULES; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; SWITCH; STEPS; TIP AB A major goal of nanotechnology is to develop the capability to arrange matter at will by placing individual atoms at desired locations in a predetermined configuration to build a nanostructure with specific properties or function. The scanning tunneling microscope has demonstrated the ability to arrange the basic building blocks of matter, single atoms, in two-dimensional configurations. An array of various nanostructures has been assembled, which display the quantum mechanics of quantum confined geometries. The level of human interaction needed to physically locate the atom and bring it to the desired location limits this atom assembly technology. Here we report the use of autonomous atom assembly via path planning technology; this allows atomically perfect nanostructures to be assembled without the need for human intervention, resulting in precise constructions in shorter times. We demonstrate autonomous assembly by assembling various quantum confinement geometries using atoms and molecules and describe the benefits of this approach. C1 [Celotta, Robert J.; Hess, Frank M.; Rutter, Gregory M.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balakirsky, Stephen B.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balakirsky, Stephen B.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fein, Aaron P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Celotta, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.celotta@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov OI Balakirsky, Stephen/0000-0003-0757-6152 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 85 IS 12 AR 121301 DI 10.1063/1.4902536 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AX8OL UT WOS:000347168500001 PM 25554264 ER PT J AU Gyawali, R Watkins, DW Griffis, VW Lofgren, BM AF Gyawali, Rabi Watkins, David W., Jr. Griffis, Veronica W. Lofgren, Brent M. TI Energy budget considerations for hydro-climatic impact assessment in Great Lakes watersheds SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Watershed characteristics; Hydrologic models ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SURFACE; MODEL; DATASET; SCENARIOS; RADIATION; CYCLE AB Given the large share of the water budget contributed by evapotranspiration (ET), accurately estimating ET is critical for hydro-climate change studies. Routinely, hydrologic models use temperature proxy relationships to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET) when forced using GCM/RCM projections of precipitation and temperature. A limitation of this approach is that the temperature proxy relationships do not account for the conservation of energy needed to estimate ET consistently in climate change scenarios. In particular, PET methods using temperature as a proxy fail to account for the negative feedback of ET on surface temperature. Using several GCM projections and a hydrologic model developed for the Great Lakes basin watersheds, the NOAA Large Basin Runoff Model (LBRM), the importance of maintaining a consistent energy budget in hydrologic and climate models is demonstrated by comparing runoff projections from temperature proxy and energy conservation methods. Differences in hydrologic responses are related to watershed characteristics, hydrologic model parameters and climate variables. It is shown that the temperature proxy approach consistently leads to prediction of relatively large and potentially unrealistic reductions in runoff. Therefore, hydrologic projections adhering to energy conservation principles are recommended for use in climate change impact studies. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gyawali, Rabi; Watkins, David W., Jr.; Griffis, Veronica W.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Watkins, DW (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM Rabi.Gyawali@wisconsin.gov; dwatkins@mtu.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0725636]; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research's Great Lakes Summer Fellowship Program, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan (NOAA) [NA07OAR4320006] FX We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. The support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Grant Number CMMI-0725636 and the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research's Great Lakes Summer Fellowship Program, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan (NOAA Cooperative Agreement Number NA07OAR4320006). A. Mayer, A. Mirchi, M. Ballard LaBeau are among the collaborators of the (NSF) project. In addition, we acknowledge the help of T. Hunter of GLERL, NOAA for assistance with LBRM. Opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 40 IS 4 BP 940 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.09.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FX UT WOS:000347274000013 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA Luong, M Huang, Q AF Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. Luong, M. Huang, Q. TI X-ray diffraction study and powder patterns of double-perovskites Sr2RSbO6 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE Sr2RSbO6; double perovskites; X-ray powder patterns; Crystal structures ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; LN; LANTHANIDES; CA3CO2O6; CA3CO4O9 AB The X-ray diffraction powder patterns were prepared and the crystal structures were refined for the double-perovskite series of compounds, Sr2RSbO6 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu). We found the structures of the entire Sr2RSbO6 series to be monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n (no. 14), and Z = 2. From R = Lu to Pr, the lattice parameters "a" range from 5.7779 (2) to 5.879 05(8) angstrom, "b" range from 5.7888(2) to 5.969 52(9) angstrom, "c" range from 8.1767(3) to 8.369 20(12) angstrom, "beta" range from 90.112(2)degrees to 90.313(1)degrees, and "V' range from 273.483(4) to 293.714(7) angstrom(3). These lattice parameters follow the well-established trend of "lanthanide contraction". The R3+ and Sb5+ ions are found to be fully ordered in the double-perovskite arrangement of alternating corner-sharing octahedra in a zigzag fashion. The SrO12, RO6, and SbO6 cages are all found to have distorted coordination environments. Powder diffraction patterns of these compounds have been prepared, submitted, and published in the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2014 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, BCPS Chem Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Luong, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU ICDD FX Partial financial support from the ICDD Grant-in-Aid Program is acknowledged. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1017/S0885715614000566 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA AY3ST UT WOS:000347503500011 ER PT J AU Tennyson, J Bernath, PF Campargue, A Csaszar, AG Daumont, L Gamache, RR Hodges, JT Lisak, D Naumenko, OV Rothman, LS Tran, H Zobov, NF Buldyreva, J Boone, CD De Vizia, MD Gianfrani, L Hartmann, JM McPheat, R Weidmann, D Murray, J Ngo, NH Polyansky, OL AF Tennyson, Jonathan Bernath, Peter F. Campargue, Alain Csaszar, Attila G. Daumont, Ludovic Gamache, Robert R. Hodges, Joseph T. Lisak, Daniel Naumenko, Olga V. Rothman, Laurence S. Ha Tran Zobov, Nikolai F. Buldyreva, Jeanna Boone, Chris D. De Vizia, Maria Domenica Gianfrani, Livio Hartmann, Jean-Michel McPheat, Robert Weidmann, Damien Murray, Jonathan Ngoc Hoa Ngo Polyansky, Oleg L. TI Recommended isolated-line profile for representing high-resolution spectroscopic transitions (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th IUPAC World Chemistry Congress on Clean Energy Through Chemistry CY AUG, 2014 CL Turkish Chemical Soc, Istanbul, DENMARK HO Turkish Chemical Soc DE high-resolution spectroscopy; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; line profiles; line shifts; water vapor ID ROTATIONAL-VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; WATER-VAPOR TRANSITIONS; WAVE COHERENT TRANSIENTS; AR-BROADENED HF; MU-M; SPEED DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; H2O LINES; VOIGT FUNCTION; OXYGEN BAND AB The report of an IUPAC Task Group, formed in 2011 on "Intensities and line shapes in high-resolution spectra of water isotopologues from experiment and theory" (Project No. 2011-022-2-100), on line profiles of isolated high-resolution rotational-vibrational transitions perturbed by neutral gas-phase molecules is presented. The well-documented inadequacies of the Voigt profile (VP), used almost universally by databases and radiative-transfer codes, to represent pressure effects and Doppler broadening in isolated vibrational-rotational and pure rotational transitions of the water molecule have resulted in the development of a variety alternative line-profile models. These models capture more of the physics of the influence of pressure on line shapes but, in general, at the price of greater complexity. The Task Group recommends that the partially Correlated quadratic-Speed-Dependent Hard-Collision profile (pCqSD-HCP) should be adopted as the appropriate model for high-resolution spectroscopy. For simplicity this should be called the Hartmann-Tran profile (HTP). The HTP is sophisticated enough to capture the various collisional contributions to the isolated line shape, can be computed in a straightforward and rapid manner, and reduces to simpler profiles, including the Voigt profile, under certain simplifying assumptions. C1 [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, LIPhy UMR5588, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Csaszar, Attila G.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Chem, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Csaszar, Attila G.] MTA ELTE Res Grp Complex Chem Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, CNRS, UFR Sci Exactes & Nat Moulin Housse, GSMA,UMR 7331, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lisak, Daniel] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Naumenko, Olga V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Rothman, Laurence S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ha Tran; Hartmann, Jean-Michel] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,CNRS,UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Zobov, Nikolai F.; Polyansky, Oleg L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Buldyreva, Jeanna] Univ Franche Comte, CNRS, Inst UTINAM, UMR 6213, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Boone, Chris D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [De Vizia, Maria Domenica; Gianfrani, Livio] Univ Naples 2, Dept Math & Phys, Caserta, Italy. [McPheat, Robert; Weidmann, Damien] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Murray, Jonathan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Ngoc Hoa Ngo] Hanoi Natl Univ Educ, Fac Phys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Tran, Ha/I-5076-2013; OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Gianfrani, Livio/0000-0002-2241-7603; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2011-022-2-100]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Royal Society; European Research Council under Advanced Investigator [267219]; COST action CODECS; Scientific Research Fund of Hungary [OTKA NK83583]; Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Science and Technology; National Science Foundation of the USA [AGS-1156862]; Polish National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project - EU European Regional Development Fund; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; NASA Earth Observing System [NNX11AF91G]; NASA Planetary Atmosphere [NNX10AB94G]; NASA laboratory astrophysics program; Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU),; Laboratoire International Associe SAMIA; CNRS (France); RAS (Russia) FX We thank Dr Linda Brown and Prof Keith Shine for their inputs in the writing of this manuscript. This work was supported by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for funding under project 2011-022-2-100 (Intensities and line shapes in high-resolution spectra of water isotoplogues from Experiment and Theory). We thank the Royal Society's Kavli Centre for their hospitality during the completion of this work. In addition, this work has received partial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society, the European Research Council under Advanced Investigator Project 267219, the COST action CODECS, the Scientific Research Fund of Hungary (grant OTKA NK83583), the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation of the USA through Grant No. AGS-1156862, the Polish National Science Centre, Project no. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491, the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, NASA Earth Observing System grant NNX11AF91G and NASA Planetary Atmosphere grant NNX10AB94G, the NASA laboratory astrophysics program, the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU), and the Laboratoire International Associe SAMIA between CNRS (France) and RAS (Russia). NR 80 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 39 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1931 EP 1943 DI 10.1515/pac-2014-0208 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AY4NF UT WOS:000347554700006 ER PT J AU Sholom, S Desrosiers, MF AF Sholom, S. Desrosiers, M. F. TI EPR and OSL emergency dosimetry with teeth: A direct comparison of two techniques SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Solid State Dosimetry (SSD) CY SEP 22-27, 2013 CL Recife, BRAZIL SP ISSDO DE OSL dosimetry; EPR dosimetry; Teeth; Triage; Radiation-induced signals; Fading ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL; RECONSTRUCTION; BIODOSIMETRY; RESONANCE; EXPOSURE; INCIDENT AB The OSL dosimetry technique with teeth has been validated against the EPR dosimetry technique through a measurement comparison performed on the same teeth. The OSL reconstructed doses were found to be in agreement with corresponding EPR doses. Minimum measurable doses for the OSL technique were estimated to be in the range 0.9-1.5 Gy for measurements made within 24 h post-exposure if OSL signals are collected from 6 teeth at the same time. These values satisfy the requirements for emergency triage dosimetry. The fading of tooth OSL signals correlated with fading of radiation-induced EPR signals observed at g = 2.0115 that are attributed to CO3- radicals. OSL sensitivity can be enhanced if more teeth from the same individual will be used for the signal accumulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sholom, S.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Desrosiers, M. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sholom, S (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM sergey.sholom@okstate.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 SI SI BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.03.015 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA AY3PD UT WOS:000347494400106 ER PT J AU Wang, GK Inturi, S Serkova, NJ Merkulov, S McCrae, K Russek, SE Banda, NK Simberg, D AF Wang, Guankui Inturi, Swetha Serkova, Natalie J. Merkulov, Sergey McCrae, Keith Russek, Stephen E. Banda, Nirmal K. Simberg, Dmitri TI High-Relaxivity Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoworms with Decreased Immune Recognition and Long-Circulating Properties SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE iron oxide; dextran; nanoworms; cross-linking; epichlorohydrin; blood circulation; magnetic resonance imaging; complement activation; component 3 ID MR CONTRAST AGENTS; PROTEIN-CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTION; IN-VIVO; COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; NANOPARTICLES; FERUMOXIDES; TARGET; CELLS; PHARMACOKINETICS AB One of the core issues of nanotechnology involves masking the foreignness of nanomaterials to enable in vivo longevity and long-term immune evasion. Dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are very effective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, and strategies to prevent immune recognition are critical for their clinical translation. Here we prepared 20 kDa dextran-coated SPIO nanoworms (NWs) of 250 nm diameter and a high molar transverse relaxivity rate R-2 (similar to 400 mM(-1) s(-1)) to study the effect of cross-linking-hydrogelation with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane (epichlorohydrin) on the immune evasion both in vitro and in vivo. Cross-linking was performed in the presence of different concentrations of NaOH (0.5 to 10 N) and different temperatures (23 and 37 degrees C). Increasing NaOH concentration and temperature significantly decrease the binding of anti-dextran antibody and dextran-binding lectin conconavalin A to the NWs. The decrease in dextran immunoreactivity correlated with the decrease in opsonization by complement component 3 (C3) and with the decrease in the binding of the lectin pathway factor MASP-2 in mouse serum, suggesting that cross-linking blocks the lectin pathway of complement. The decrease in C3 opsonization correlated with the decrease in NW uptake by murine peritoneal macrophages. Optimized NWs demonstrated up to 10 h circulation half-life in mice and minimal uptake by the liver, while maintaining the large 250 nm size in the blood. We demonstrate that immune recognition of large iron oxide nanoparticles can be efficiently blocked by chemical cross-linking-hydrogelation, which is a promising strategy to improve safety and bioinertness of MRI contrast agents. C1 [Wang, Guankui; Inturi, Swetha; Simberg, Dmitri] Univ Colorado Denver, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Serkova, Natalie J.] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Merkulov, Sergey; McCrae, Keith] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Russek, Stephen E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Banda, Nirmal K.] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Simberg, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Anschutz Med Campus,12850 E Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM Dmitri.Simberg@ucdenver.edu FU University of Colorado Denver startup funds FX This study was funded by the University of Colorado Denver startup funds to D.S. We would like to thank Drs. Thomas Anchordoquy and S. Moien Moghimi for useful discussions and Mr. James J. Hesson for editing the manuscript. NR 64 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 12 BP 12437 EP 12449 DI 10.1021/nn505126b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX8CL UT WOS:000347138000056 PM 25419856 ER PT J AU Patro, LN Bharathi, KK Raju, NRC AF Patro, L. N. Bharathi, K. Kamala Raju, N. Ravi Chandra TI Microstructural and ionic transport studies of hydrothermally synthesized lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CARRIER CONCENTRATIONS; CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LAF3; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TRIFLUORIDE; GLASSES; SENSOR AB This article presents the structural and transport characteristics of hydrothermally synthesized LaF3 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 35nm. The phase formation of the material is confirmed by both X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In addition, phase purity of the LaF3 nanoparticles is corroborated by micro-Raman spectroscopy studies. The complex impedance plots at different temperatures reveal that the conductivity is predominantly due to the intrinsic bulk grains and the conductivity relaxation is non-Debye in nature. The frequency variation of conductivity exhibits dispersion at higher frequencies that can be explained with the framework of Almond-West formalism. The conduction process is controlled by the mobility of the charge carriers and the charge of transport of mobile fluoride ions occur through hopping mechanism. The scaling behavior of both frequency dependence of conductivity and complex impedance plots at different temperatures confirm that the relaxation mechanism of the mobile fluoride ions is independent of temperature. (C) 2014 Author(s). C1 [Patro, L. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. [Patro, L. N.] Univ Marburg, Dept Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Bharathi, K. Kamala] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bharathi, K. Kamala] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raju, N. Ravi Chandra] Univ Queensland, Sch Chem & Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Patro, LN (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. EM laxminar@chemie.uni-marburg.de; kbharath@umd.edu OI nagiri, ravichandraraju/0000-0003-3306-0256 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 4 IS 12 AR 127139 DI 10.1063/1.4904949 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AX8PC UT WOS:000347170100070 ER PT J AU Liou, K Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST Rich, N Plunkett, S Simpson, L Fry, CD Schenk, K AF Liou, Kan Wu, Chin-Chun Dryer, Murray Wu, Shi-Tsan Rich, Nathan Plunkett, Simon Simpson, Lynn Fry, Craig D. Schenk, Kevin TI Global simulation of extremely fast coronal mass ejection on 23 July 2012 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejection; MHD simulation; CME-driven shock ID SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SHOCK-WAVES; BOW SHOCK; TIME; ARRIVAL; MODEL; EARTH; ACCELERATION AB The July 23, 2012 CME was an extremely fast backside event, reaching similar to 1 AU (STEREO-A) within 20 h as compared to similar to 3-6 days for typical CME events. Here, we present results from a simulation study of the CME and its driven shock using a combined kinematic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation model, H3DMHD. In general, the model results match well with in situ measurements in the arrival time of the CME-driven shock and the total magnetic field strength, assuming an initial CME speed of 3100 km/s. Based on extrapolation of an empirical model, the fast CME and its large magnetic field (I vertical bar B vertical bar similar to 120 nT) are capable of producing an extremely large geomagnetic storm (Dst similar to - 545 nT), comparable to the well-known Halloween storm in 2003, if the CME had made a direct impact to the Earth. We investigated the effect of the adiabatic index (gamma). It is found that the shock tends to arrive slightly later for a smaller gamma value, and gamma=5/3 provides the best agreement for the shock arrival time. We also demonstrate that the strength (the Mach number) of the CME-driven fast-mode shock is not the largest at the "nose" of the CME. This is mainly due to the manifestation of fast-mode wave speed upstream of the shock. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun; Rich, Nathan; Plunkett, Simon; Simpson, Lynn] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr Ret, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Shi-Tsan] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fry, Craig D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Schenk, Kevin] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Liou, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kan.liou@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NSF [AGS-0964396, AGS1153323]; APL's Janney grant; ONR 6.1 program FX We are grateful to the Reviewers for their constructive comments on the paper. We acknowledge the use of solar EUV disk and coronagraph images from the STEREO/SECCHI instrument (R.A. Howard, PI), solar wind plasma data from STEREO/PLASTIC Investigation (A.B. Galvin, PI), and magnetic field data from STEREO/IMPACT (J. Luhmann, PI). The SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The work at JHUAPL was supported partially by NSF Grant AGS-0964396. KL acknowledges support from APL's Janney grant for preparation of the manuscript. The work at NRL was supported by ONR 6.1 program. The work of S.-T. Wu is supported by NSF Grant AGS1153323 to UAH. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 121 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.09.013 PN A PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX6GY UT WOS:000347022200004 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Pink spot, white spot: The pineal skylight of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761) skull and its possible role in the phenology of feeding migrations SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptile; Endocrine; Environmental stimuli; zeitgeiber; Photoperiod; Equilux ID TEMPERATE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOVEMENTS; THERMOREGULATION; GIGANTOTHERMY; NAVIGATION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, which have an irregular pink area on the crown of the head known as the pineal or 'pink spot', forage upon jellyfish in cool temperate waters along the western and eastern margins of the North Atlantic during the summer. Our study showed that the skeletal structures underlying the pink spot in juvenile and adult turtles are compatible with the idea of a pineal dosimeter function that would support recognition of environmental light stimuli. We interrogated an extensive turtle sightings database to elucidate the phenology of leatherback foraging during summer months around Great Britain and Ireland and compared the sightings with historical data for sea surface temperatures and day lengths to assess whether sea surface temperature or light periodicity/levels were likely abiotic triggers prompting foraging turtles to turn south and leave their feeding grounds at the end of the summer. We found that sea temperature was too variable and slow changing in the study area to be useful as a trigger and suggest that shortening of day lengths as the late summer equilux is approached provides a credible phenological cue, acting via the pineal, for leatherbacks to leave their foraging areas whether they are feeding close to Nova Scotia or Great Britain and Ireland. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, North Mall Campus Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie; todd.jones@noaa.gov; thierry_work@usgs.gov; gbalazs@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 461 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.008 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AX4HU UT WOS:000346894900001 ER PT J AU Skinner, JP Mitani, Y Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD AF Skinner, John P. Mitani, Yoko Burkanov, Vladimir N. Andrews, Russel D. TI Proxies of food intake and energy expenditure for estimating the time-energy budgets of lactating northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavior; Biologging; Energetics; Marine mammals; Population trends; Telemetry ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; FREE-LIVING ANIMALS; HEART-RATE; STOMACH TEMPERATURE; METABOLIC-RATE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PREY CONSUMPTION AB Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus numbers on the Pribilof Islands have been in decline over the past two decades while numbers have increased at other sites, such as in the Kuril Islands in Russia and at Bogoslof Island in the Aleutian Islands. Although these divergent abundance trends remain unexplained, the potential influence of food limitations could be studied by examining the time-energy budgets of individual lactating fur seals. Our goal was to find suitable proxies for food intake and energy expenditure of lactating seals so that we might provide time and energy budgets of an increasing population on Lovushki Island, Russia that could be compared with the declining Pribilof fur seal population. Between 2005 and 2008, we outfitted 13 lactating fur seals with instruments that collected data on depth, external temperature, stomach temperature, GPS location, and acceleration. With these data we investigated proxies for 1) food intake, including time spent at sea, time spent diving, vertical travel distance (VTD), wiggle behavior, and changes in stomach temperature; 2) involuntary costs, including indices of basal metabolism (BMCI), thermal exposure, and instrument hydrodynamic drag (TAG); and 3) locomotive costs, including overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), horizontal travel distance, and flipper strokes. We also considered an index of work (WORK) calculated using horizontal distance, ODBA, and seal mass. Multimodel inference was used to determine which proxies best described changes in seal mass at sea when considering two sets of candidate models that differed by excluding or including locomotive costs (n = 13 and n = 7, respectively). Seal mass changes were positively associated with VTD and TAG and negatively associated with BMCI (p < 0.001, adjusted R-2 = 0.84) when locomotive proxies were excluded. With locomotive proxies considered, models were improved and mass changes were best described by being positively related to VTD and negatively associated with WORK (p < 0.001, adjusted R-2 = 0.95). We suggest that relative energy budgets for individual lactating northern fur seals could be compared using proxies for energetics that are easily monitored with standard data logging instruments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skinner, John P.; Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Mitani, Yoko] Hokkaido Univ, Field Sci Ctr Northern Biosphere, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] RAS, Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Skinner, JP (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, 301 Railway Ave,POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM john.skinner@alaska.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting FX We would like to thank our Russia field crew including V. Aderholt, A.V. Altukhov, R.V. Belobrov, V.A. Burkanova, N.N. Kutrukhin, D. Calkins, D. Holley, E.G. Mamaev, S.N. Norberg, D.S. Pasenyuk, P.A. Permyakov, S.Y. Purtov, O.V. Savenko, S.N. Sergeev, T.S. Shulezhko, A.A. Sychenko, A.V. Tret'yakov, and J.N. Waite. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via grants to the Alaska SeaLife Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, with additional funding and logistical support from North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. This work was authorized by the Alaska SeaLife Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conducted under permits from Russian permitting agencies: the Sakhalin Department of the Federal Fisheries Agency of Russia (Sakhalinrybvod), the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region) and Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo). [SS] NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 461 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.002 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AX4HU UT WOS:000346894900013 ER PT J AU Smith, BE Collie, JS Lengyel, NL AF Smith, Brian E. Collie, Jeremy S. Lengyel, Nicole L. TI Fish trophic engineering: Ecological effects of the invasive ascidian Didemnum vexillum (Georges Bank, northwestern Atlantic) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic ecology; Continental shelf; Fish prey; Invasive species; Trophic ecology; Tunicate ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; HABITAT; COMMUNITY; ECOSYSTEM; DISTURBANCE; EPIFAUNA; STOMACHS; IMPACTS; SCALLOP AB In the northwest Atlantic, concerns for the benthic communities of Georges Bank have evolved following the widespread detection of the invasive ascidian Didemnum vexillum in 2002. One question is whether D. vexillum affects the feeding of fishes, particularly commercially-important species. The major objectives were to examine the diets of five demersal fishes and the benthic epifauna (prey field) across contrasting levels of D. vexillum occurrence from 2004 to 2008 in and around northern Closed Area 11 of Georges Bank (42.0 degrees N, 67.3 degrees W). The fishes examined were winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata), little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and longhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus). Cumulative fish trophic diversity was often higher at sites where D. vexillum was present as measured by Shannon's H'. Diets were significantly different across levels of D. vexillum for the five fishes, and feeding by haddock was positively correlated with the benthic epifauna within rather than across sites, indicating site-specific feeding. For many fishes, prey that contributed to the diet dissimilarity between sites were benthic epifauna strongly associated with the presence of D. vexillum (Class Polychaeta: Nereis zonata, Hamothoe extenuata, and Lepidonotus squamatus; and Order Decapoda: Cancer irroratus) and absence of D. vexillum (Order Decapoda: Crangon septemspinosa). These feeding alterations are not necessarily negative, as fish diets in this region regularly contain prey positively associated with D. vexillum. However, with the momentum to incorporate habitat science into fish stock assessments, managers should not consider protected fish habitat to be static in the presence of habitat modifiers such as invasive ascidians. From influencing the trophic ecology of demersal fishes to driving substrate homogeneity, long-term monitoring and invasive ascidian management for this continental shelf region is recommended. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Brian E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lengyel, Nicole L.] Rhode Isl Dept Environm Management, Jamestown, RI 02835 USA. RP Smith, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Brian.Smith@noaa.gov FU National Sea Grant College Program [NA040AR4170062] FX This research was partially supported by the National Sea Grant College Program award NA040AR4170062. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 461 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.09.009 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AX4HU UT WOS:000346894900058 ER PT J AU Mylona, SK Antoniadis, KD Assael, MJ Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Mylona, S. K. Antoniadis, K. D. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlations of the Thermal Conductivity of o-Xylene, m-Xylene, p-Xylene, and Ethylbenzene from the Triple Point to 700 K and Moderate Pressures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; ethylbenzene; reference correlations; thermal conductivity; transport properties; xylene ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUIDS; FLUIDS; HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSIVITY; MIXTURES AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. All four correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point of each fluid to 700 K, and an upper pressure limit determined by the maximum density limit for the equation of state used to provide density. At the upper temperature limit of 700 K, the maximum pressure was 200 MPa for m-xylene and p-xylene, but 60 and 70 MPa for ethylbenzene and o-xylene, respectively. At lower temperatures, the maximum pressure is lower. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the correlations of the thermal conductivity of o-, m-, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene, over their range of applicability, varies for each fluid. For o-xylene, we estimate the uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities for temperatures from the triple point to 400 K to be 2.6%, and 4% at higher temperatures, and in the dilute-gas region we estimate the uncertainty to be 2%. For m-xylene, the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 375 K is 3.6%, and 5% at higher temperatures, and 6% for the dilute gas. For p-xylene, the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 700 K is 3.6%, and 2.5% for the dilute gas. Finally, for ethylbenzene the estimated uncertainty for liquid and supercritical densities at temperatures from the triple point to 400 K is 2.8%, and 2.5% in the dilute-gas region. Uncertainties in the critical region for all four fluids are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density. (C) 2014 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Mylona, S. K.; Antoniadis, K. D.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742; Fernandez, Josefa/0000-0002-9528-6173; Harris, Kenneth/0000-0001-6732-0488; Galliero, Guillaume/0000-0001-6393-8387 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 AR 043104 DI 10.1063/1.4901166 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AX8HW UT WOS:000347151700004 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Liu, J Penoncello, SG Lemmon, EW AF Zhou, Yong Liu, Jun Penoncello, Steven G. Lemmon, Eric W. TI An Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclohexane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE cyclohexane; equation of state; thermodynamic properties ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; TOLUENE BINARY-MIXTURES; ETHER PLUS CYCLOHEXANE; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; HEAT-CAPACITY; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N-HEPTANE AB An equation of state for cyclohexane has been developed using the Helmholtz energy as the fundamental property with independent variables of density and temperature. Multi-property fitting technology was used to fit the equation of state to data for prT, heat capacities, sound speeds, virial coefficients, vapor pressures, and saturated densities. The equation of state was developed to conform to the Maxwell criteria for two-phase vapor-liquid equilibrium states, and is valid from the triple-point temperature to 700 K, with pressures up to 250 MPa and densities up to 10.3 mol dm(-3). In general, the uncertainties (k = 2, indicating a level of confidence of 95%) in density for the equation of state are 0.1% (liquid and vapor) up to 500 K, and 0.2% above 500 K, with higher uncertainties within the critical region. Between 283 and 473 K with pressures lower than 30 MPa, the uncertainty is as low as 0.03% in density in the liquid phase. The uncertainties in the speed of sound are 0.2% between 283 and 323 K in the liquid, and 1% elsewhere. Other uncertainties are 0.05% in vapor pressure and 2% in heat capacities. The behavior of the equation of state is reasonable within the region of validity and at higher and lower temperatures and pressures. A detailed analysis has been performed in this article. (C) 2014 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Yong; Liu, Jun] Honeywell Integrated Technol China Co Ltd, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Penoncello, Steven G.] Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Appl Thermodynam Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Honeywell Integrated Technol China Co Ltd, 430 Li Bing Rd,Zhangjiang Hi Tech Pk, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. EM Zhou2@honeywell.com NR 196 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 4 AR 043105 DI 10.1063/1.4900538 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA AX8HW UT WOS:000347151700005 ER PT J AU Kolli, RP Meisenkothen, F AF Kolli, R. Prakash Meisenkothen, Frederick TI The Influence of Experimental Parameters and Specimen Geometry on the Mass Spectra of Copper During Pulsed-Laser Atom-Probe Tomography SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE copper; atom-probe tomography (APT); mass resolution; mass spectra; thermal diffusivity ID FIELD-EVAPORATED IONS; POST-IONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; EMITTER AB We have studied the influence of experimental factors and specimen geometry on the quality of the mass spectra in copper (Cu) during pulsed-laser atom-probe tomography. We have evaluated the effects of laser pulse energy, laser pulse frequency, specimen base temperature, specimen tip radius, and specimen tip shank half-angle on the effects of mass resolving power, (m/m), at full-width at half-maximum and at full-width at tenth-maximum, the tail size after the major mass-to-charge state (m/n) ratio peaks, and the mass spectra. Our results indicate that mass resolving power improves with decreasing pulse energy between 40 and 80 pJ and decreasing base temperature between 20 and 80 K. The mass resolving power also improves with increasing tip radius and shank half-angle. A pulse frequency of 250 kHz slightly improves the mass resolving power relative to 100 or 500 kHz. The tail size decreases with increasing pulse energy. The mass resolving power improves when the cooling time is reduced, which is influenced by the thermal diffusivity of Cu and the specimen base temperature. C1 [Kolli, R. Prakash] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kolli, R. Prakash; Meisenkothen, Frederick] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kolli, RP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pkolli@umd.edu RI Kolli, Prakash/I-4463-2012 OI Kolli, Prakash/0000-0003-1345-1735 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1715 EP 1726 DI 10.1017/S1431927614013488 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA AX9PD UT WOS:000347233400010 PM 25390364 ER PT J AU Ashkar, R Baki, MA Tyagi, M Faraone, A Butler, P Krishnamoorti, R AF Ashkar, Rana Baki, Mansour Abdul Tyagi, Madhusudan Faraone, Antonio Butler, Paul Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Kinetic Polymer Arrest in Percolated SWNT Networks SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBON NANOTUBES; GLASS-TRANSITION; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; METHACRYLATE); REINFORCEMENT; MIXTURES AB Particle polymer attractions in nanocomposites can cause significant heterogeneities in the polymer dynamics and remarkably impact the material properties. Dynamical perturbations are generally expected to be limited to interfacial polymer segments. However, composites with highly anisotropic nanoparticles usually exhibit very low percolation thresholds. In such systems, the overlapping interfacial regions could result in a complex polymer relaxation behavior that is unanticipated from dilute nanoparticle dispersions in polymer matrices. To understand this behavior, we examine a system of percolated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a polymer matrix, PMMA, which is known to have strong interfacial binding. Neutron spectroscopy measurements on the composites reveal not only an interfacial polymer layer that is transiently pinned to the SWNT surface, but suggest that the percolated network forms a kinetic cage that dramatically restricts both local and cooperative relaxations of noninterfadal polymer segments. These findings should help guide theories and simulations of hierarchical polymer dynamics in nanocomposites. C1 [Ashkar, Rana; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Faraone, Antonio; Butler, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baki, Mansour Abdul; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Ashkar, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rana.ashkar@nist.gov; butler@nist.gov; ramanan@uh.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330 FU Texas Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles - NASA [NCC-1-02038]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0708096, DMR-0944772] FX M.A.B. and R.K gratefully acknowledge the support of the Texas Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nano Materials and Structures for Aerospace Vehicles, funded by NASA Cooperative Agreement #NCC-1-02038, and the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0708096). This work utilized the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant #DMR-0944772. The authors thank Dr. Michihiro Nagao for experimental assistance with NSE measurements and Dr. Bharath Natarajan for his help with TEM imaging. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1262 EP 1265 DI 10.1021/mz500636s PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AX1AW UT WOS:000346681800010 ER PT J AU Li, X Sanchez-Diaz, LE Wu, B Hamilton, WA Falus, P Porcar, L Liu, Y Do, C Faraone, A Smith, GS Egami, T Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Sanchez-Diaz, Luis E. Wu, Bin Hamilton, William A. Falus, Peter Porcar, Lionel Liu, Yun Do, Changwoo Faraone, Antonio Smith, Gregory S. Egami, Takeshi Chen, Wei-Ren TI Dynamical Threshold of Diluteness of Soft Colloids SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; MULTIARM STAR POLYMERS; ORDERING PHENOMENA; DENDRIMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; WATER AB Soft colloids are hybrids between linear polymers and hard colloids. Their solutions exhibit rich phase phenomenon due to their unique microstructure. In scaling theories, a geometrically defined overlap concentration c* is used to identify the concentration regimes of their solutions characterized with distinct conformational properties. Previous experiments showed that the average size of soft colloids remains invariant below c* and varies characteristically above it. This observation reveals the causality between the conformational evolution and the physical overlap between neighboring particles. Using neutron scattering, we demonstrate that the competition between the interparticle translational diffusion and intrapartide internal dynamics leads to significant conformational evolution below c*. Substantial structural dehydration and slowing-down of internal dynamics are both observed before physical overlap develops. Well below c*, a new threshold of diluteness c(D)* emerges as the crossover between the characteristic times associated with these two relaxation processes. Below this dynamically defined c(D)*, the two relaxation processes are essentially uncoupled, and therefore, the majority of the soft colloids retain their unperturbed conformational dimensions. Our observation demonstrates the importance of incorporating dynamical degrees of freedom in defining the threshold of diluteness for this important class of soft matter. C1 [Li, Xin; Sanchez-Diaz, Luis E.; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, William A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wu, Bin; Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Falus, Peter; Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Liu, Yun; Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. This Research at SNS of Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We greatly appreciate the D22 SANS and IN15 NSE beamtime from the Institut Laue-Langevin. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1021/mz500500c PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AX1AW UT WOS:000346681800012 ER PT J AU Davis, SR Talbot, R Mao, HT Neuman, JA AF Davis, Shannon R. Talbot, Robert Mao, Huiting Neuman, Jonathan A. TI Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004 SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE coastal; atmospheric physics; continental outflow; trace gas transport; turbulence; boundary layers; ICARTT campaign; New England; North Atlantic; Lagrangian; regional climate ID INTERNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; FIELD CAMPAIGN; OFFSHORE FLOW; FREE TROPOSPHERE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RESIDUAL LAYER; SURFACE OZONE; PLUMES; EVOLUTION AB An analysis of coastal meteorological mechanisms facilitating the transit pollution plumes emitted from sources in the Northeastern U. S. was based on observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) 2004 field campaign. Particular attention was given to the relation of these plumes to coastal transport patterns in lower tropospheric layers throughout the Gulf of Maine (GOM), and their contribution to large-scale pollution outflow from the North American continent. Using measurements obtained during a series of flights of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8, a unique quasi-Lagrangian case study was conducted for a freshly emitted plume emanating from the New York City source region in late July 2004. The development of this plume stemmed from the accumulation of boundary layer pollutants within a coastal residual layer, where weak synoptic conditions allowed for its advection into the marine troposphere and transport by a mean southwesterly flow. Upon entering the GOM, analysis showed that the plume layer vertical structure evolved into an internal boundary layer form, with signatures of steep vertical gradients in temperature, moisture and wind speed often resulting in periodic turbulence. This structure remained well-defined during the plume study, allowing for the detachment of the plume layer from the surface and minimal plume-sea surface exchange. In contrast, shear driven turbulence within the plume layer facilitated lateral mixing with other low-level plumes during its transit. This turbulence was periodic and further contributed to the high spatial variability in trace gas mixing ratios. Further influences of the turbulent mixing were observed in the impact of the plume inland as observed by the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) air quality network. This impact was seen as extreme elevations of surface ozone and CO levels, equaling the highest observed that summer. C1 [Davis, Shannon R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Ocean & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Davis, Shannon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Talbot, Robert] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Mao, Huiting] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Neuman, Jonathan A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neuman, Jonathan A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Ocean & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM sdavis@whoi.edu; rtalbot@central.uh.edu; hmao@esf.edu; jonathan.a.neuman@noaa.gov RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA07OAR4600514] FX Financial support for this work was from the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under grant #NA07OAR4600514. We thank the NASA and NOAA investigators on the DC-8 and P3 aircrafts for use of their high quality data sets. Particular thanks are also given to Thomas Ryerson, John Holloway, Elliot Atlas, and Joost de Gouw for their contributions to the aircraft observations. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 BP 973 EP 1001 DI 10.3390/atmos5040973 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX2UN UT WOS:000346800300015 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Scheuerell, MD Semmens, BX Pattengill-Semmens, CV AF Thorson, James T. Scheuerell, Mark D. Semmens, Brice X. Pattengill-Semmens, Christy V. TI Demographic modeling of citizen science data informs habitat preferences and population dynamics of recovering fishes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE binned count data; citizen science; Dail-Madsen model; demographic closure; demographic variability; generalized linear mixed model (GLMM); habitat preferences; occupancy modeling; opportunistic data; site-structured model; state-space ID ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; COUNTS; METAPOPULATION; DETECTABILITY; CHALLENGES; INFERENCES AB Managing natural populations and communities requires detailed information regarding demographic processes at large spatial and temporal scales. This combination is challenging for both traditional scientific surveys, which often operate at localized scales, and recent citizen science designs, which often provide data with few auxiliary information (i.e., no information about individual age or condition). We therefore combine citizen science data at large scales with the demographic resolution afforded by recently developed, site-structured demographic models. We apply this approach to categorical data generated from citizen science representing species density of two managed reef fishes in the Gulf of Mexico, and use a modified Dail-Madsen model to estimate demographic trends, habitat associations, and interannual variability in recruitment. This approach identifies strong preferences for artificial structure for the recovering Goliath grouper, while revealing little evidence of either habitat associations or trends in abundance for mutton snapper. Results are also contrasted with a typical generalized linear mixed-model (GLMM) approach, using real-world and simulated data, to demonstrate the importance of accounting for the statistical complexities implied by spatially structured citizen science data. We conclude by discussing the increasing potential for synthesizing demographic models and citizen science data, and the management benefits that can be accrued. C1 [Thorson, James T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pattengill-Semmens, Christy V.] REEF, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 95 IS 12 BP 3251 EP 3258 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AX3PN UT WOS:000346851400003 ER PT J AU Lee, P Liu, Y AF Lee, Pius Liu, Yang TI Preliminary Evaluation of a Regional Atmospheric Chemical Data Assimilation System for Environmental Surveillance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chemical analysis; ozone; atmospheric aerosols; environmental surveillance; public health tracking ID PUBLIC-HEALTH TRACKING; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE EXPOSURE; EMISSIONS; MORTALITY; PREDICTIONS; MECHANISM; PROGRAM AB We report the progress of an ongoing effort by the Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA to build a prototype regional Chemical Analysis System (ARLCAS). The ARLCAS focuses on providing long-term analysis of the three dimensional (3D) air-pollutant concentration fields over the continental U.S. It leverages expertise from the NASA Earth Science Division-sponsored Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) for the state-of-science knowledge in atmospheric and data assimilation sciences. The ARLCAS complies with national operational center requirement protocols and aims to have the modeling system to be maintained by a national center. Meteorology and chemistry observations consist of land-, air- and space-based observed and quality-assured data. We develop modularized testing to investigate the efficacies of the various components of the ARLCAS. The sensitivity testing of data assimilation schemes showed that with the increment of additional observational data sets, the accuracy of the analysis chemical fields also increased incrementally in varying margins. The benefit is especially noted for additional data sets based on a different platform and/ or a different retrieval algorithm. We also described a plan to apply the analysis chemical fields in environmental surveillance at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C1 [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov; yang.liu@emory.edu RI Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 FU NASA Earth Science Division's Applied Science Program [NNX11AI53G, NNH14AX88I] FX This study was supported partially by the NASA Earth Science Division's Applied Science Program; under the auspices of the AQAST Project: Grant NNX11AI53G to Emory University and Grant NNH14AX88I to ARL/NOAA. The authors thank Tianfeng Chai of the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, University of Maryland, College Park for sharing his code, and assimilation results with the culmination of a concluding summary in Figure 4. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 12795 EP 12816 DI 10.3390/ijerph111212795 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX2TJ UT WOS:000346797100046 PM 25514141 ER PT J AU Torres-Florez, JP Hucke-Gaete, R LeDuc, R Lang, A Taylor, B Pimper, LE Bedrinana-Romano, L Rosenbaum, HC Figueroa, CC AF Torres-Florez, J. P. Hucke-Gaete, R. LeDuc, R. Lang, A. Taylor, B. Pimper, L. E. Bedrinana-Romano, L. Rosenbaum, H. C. Figueroa, C. C. TI Blue whale population structure along the eastern South Pacific Ocean: evidence of more than one population SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera musculus; biodiversity conservation; conservation genetics; eastern South Pacific; endangered species ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HUMPBACK WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; NORTH PACIFIC; CONSERVATION GENETICS; CETACEAN POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BIOPSY SYSTEM AB Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) were among the most intensively exploited species of whales in the world. As a consequence of this intense exploitation, blue whale sightings off the coast of Chile were uncommon by the end of the 20th century. In 2004, a feeding and nursing ground was reported in southern Chile (SCh). With the aim to investigate the genetic identity and relationship of these Chilean blue whales to those in other Southern Hemisphere areas, 60 biopsy samples were collected from blue whales in SCh between 2003 and 2009. These samples were genotyped at seven microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region was sequenced, allowing us to identify 52 individuals. To investigate the genetic identity of this suspected remnant population, we compared these 52 individuals to blue whales from Antarctica (ANT, n=96), Northern Chile (NCh, n=19) and the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP, n=31). No significant differentiation in haplotype frequencies (mtDNA) or among genotypes (nDNA) was found between SCh, NCh and ETP, while significant differences were found between those three areas and Antarctica for both the mitochondrial and microsatellite analyses. Our results suggest at least two breeding population units or subspecies exist, which is also supported by other lines of evidence such as morphometrics and acoustics. The lack of differences detected between SCh/NCh/ETP areas supports the hypothesis that eastern South Pacific blue whales are using the ETP area as a possible breeding area. Considering the small population sizes previously reported for the SCh area, additional conservation measures and monitoring of this population should be developed and prioritized. C1 [Torres-Florez, J. P.] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ciencias Ambientales & Evolut, Valdivia, Chile. [Torres-Florez, J. P.; Hucke-Gaete, R.; Bedrinana-Romano, L.] Ctr Ballena Azul Blue Whale Ctr, Valdivia, Chile. [Hucke-Gaete, R.; Bedrinana-Romano, L.] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Valdivia, Chile. [LeDuc, R.; Lang, A.; Taylor, B.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Pimper, L. E.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Genet Estruct Poblac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rosenbaum, H. C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Rosenbaum, H. C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Figueroa, C. C.] Univ Talca, Inst Ciencias Biol, Talca, Chile. RP Torres-Florez, JP (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Biodiversidade Mol & Conservacao, Rod Washington Luis,Km 235,Caixa Postal 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM jptorresflorez@gmail.com RI Figueroa, Christian/A-1170-2008; Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo/G-4528-2013; OI Figueroa, Christian/0000-0001-9218-5564; Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-7667-1981; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo/0000-0003-3515-9145 FU CONICYT-Chile; DID/UACh; Centro Ballena Azul; Wildlife Conservation Society; Direccion de Investigacion-UACH; Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society; Fundacion AVINA; Oregon State University; Natural Resources Defense Council; World Wildlife Fund; Rufford Small Grants Foundation; Whitley Fund for Nature FX This work was part of the PhD thesis of JPTF conducted at Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mencion Ecologia y Evolucion, Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), under the supervision of CCF. We thank the staff of Centro Ballena Azul for their hard work during sample collection over the years. Likewise, we thank Centro de Investigacion Eutropia (especially Rodrigo Moraga) for providing NCh samples. Also, we want to thank people from the Laboratorio de Ecologia Molecular y Genomica Evolutiva at UACh, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, AMNH (NYC) and SWFSC (SD) for their valuable support during the laboratory work. JPTF was funded by a PhD fellowship and a thesis grant from CONICYT-Chile and by a thesis grant from DID/UACh and Centro Ballena Azul. This work was mostly funded by grants to RHG from the Wildlife Conservation Society, Direccion de Investigacion-UACH, Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society, Fundacion AVINA, Oregon State University, Natural Resources Defense Council, World Wildlife Fund, Rufford Small Grants Foundation, Whitley Fund for Nature and a gift from David and Susan Rockefeller through the research program 'Large whale ecology and conservation in Chile'. Genetic analyses detailed in this manuscript were supported by several grants to HCR. We want to especially thank Dr. Robert Brownell Jr. for his valuable commentaries and support. We also want to thank Dr. William Perrin, Dr. Frederick Archer, Brittany Hancock and Francine Kershaw for their useful comments. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 24 BP 5998 EP 6010 DI 10.1111/mec.12990 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AX2KH UT WOS:000346771900008 PM 25492593 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Bai, Y AF Cao, Changyong Bai, Yan TI Quantitative Analysis of VIIRS DNB Nightlight Point Source for Light Power Estimation and Stability Monitoring SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; DNB; nightlight; bridge; calibration/validation; accuracy; stability; point source ID DAY/NIGHT BAND AB The high sensitivity and advanced onboard calibration on the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) enables accurate measurements of low light radiances which leads to enhanced quantitative applications at night. The finer spatial resolution of DNB also allows users to examine social economic activities at urban scales. Given the growing interest in the use of the DNB data, there is a pressing need for better understanding of the calibration stability and absolute accuracy of the DNB at low radiances. The low light calibration accuracy was previously estimated at a moderate 15% using extended sources while the long-term stability has yet to be characterized. There are also several science related questions to be answered, for example, how the Earth's atmosphere and surface variability contribute to the stability of the DNB measured radiances; how to separate them from instrument calibration stability; whether or not SI (International System of Units) traceable active light sources can be designed and installed at selected sites to monitor the calibration stability, radiometric and geolocation accuracy, and point spread functions of the DNB; furthermore, whether or not such active light sources can be used for detecting environmental changes, such as aerosols. This paper explores the quantitative analysis of nightlight point sources, such as those from fishing vessels, bridges, and cities, using fundamental radiometry and radiative transfer, which would be useful for a number of applications including search and rescue in severe weather events, as well as calibration/validation of the DNB. Time series of the bridge light data are used to assess the stability of the light measurements and the calibration of VIIRS DNB. It was found that the light radiant power computed from the VIIRS DNB data matched relatively well with independent assessments based on the in situ light installations, although estimates have to be made due to limited ground truth data and lack of suitable radiative transfer models. Results from time series analysis are encouraging in potentially being able to detect anomalies in the DNB calibration. The study also suggests that accurate ground based active lights, when properly designed and installed, can be used to monitor the stability of the VIIRS DNB calibration at near the specified minimum radiances (3 nW.cm(-2).sr(-1)), and potentially can be used to monitor the environmental changes as well. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bai, Yan] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,NCWCP, E RA2,5830 Univ Res Ct,Suite 2838, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Changyong.Cao@noaa.gov; Yan.Bai@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU JPSS program FX We would like to thank Yuqin (Eugene) Zong of NIST for fruitful discussions on possible active light sources and his help in clarifying the efficacy of light bulb types. We also thank Parviz Boozarpour and colleagues, from the district 4, California Department of Transportation (DOT), for providing detailed information about the light bulbs and setup on the San Mateo bridge. Thanks are extended to Xi Shao for providing information on LPTRAN and Garstang models, and Slawirmir Blonski (both from the University of Maryland) for clarifying the DNB performance and operational issues. This study is partially funded by the JPSS program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 25 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 11915 EP 11935 DI 10.3390/rs61211915 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300012 ER PT J AU Tuttle, BT Anderson, S Elvidge, C Ghosh, T Baugh, K Sutton, P AF Tuttle, Benjamin T. Anderson, Sharolyn Elvidge, Chris Ghosh, Tilottama Baugh, Kim Sutton, Paul TI Aladdin's Magic Lamp: Active Target Calibration of the DMSP OLS SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE nighttime satellite imagery; intertemporal calibration; DMSP OLS; intersatellite calibration ID OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; NIGHTTIME SATELLITE IMAGERY; CITY LIGHTS; POPULATION-DENSITY; GAS EMISSIONS; FIRES; CHINA; INDIA; AREA AB Nighttime satellite imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Programs' Operational Linescan System (DMSP OLS) is being used for myriad applications including population mapping, characterizing economic activity, disaggregate estimation of CO2 emissions, wildfire monitoring, and more. Here we present a method for in situ radiance calibration of the DMSP OLS using a ground based light source as an active target. We found that the wattage of light used by our active target strongly correlates with the signal measured by the DMSP OLS. This approach can be used to enhance our ability to make intertemporal and intersatellite comparisons of DMSP OLS imagery. We recommend exploring the possibility of establishing a permanent active target for the calibration of nocturnal imaging systems. C1 [Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Sutton, Paul] Univ Denver, Dept Geog & Environm, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Anderson, Sharolyn; Sutton, Paul] Univ S Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Elvidge, Chris] Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghosh, Tilottama; Baugh, Kim] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sutton, P (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Geog & Environm, Room 120,2050 E Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM bentuttle.du@gmail.com; sharolyn.anderson@unisa.edu.au; Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov; tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov; kim.baugh@noaa.gov; psutton@du.edu RI Anderson, Sharolyn/F-4653-2013; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; OI Anderson, Sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193; Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256 FU NASA Earth Space Science Fellowship; ASPRS Rocky Mountain Region Scholarship FX This research was funded in part by and NASA Earth Space Science Fellowship and an ASPRS Rocky Mountain Region Scholarship. The authors wish to thank Warren Cummings (Colorado Division of Wildlife), James Munoz (National Forest Service), and Vernon Koehler (National Forest Service) for their support to this study related to the field sites. Additionally, the authors wish to thank all the individuals (Kristina Yamamoto, Andy Tennant, Brenton Wonders, Warren Wonders, Anna Talucci, Sammy Lester, and Austin Shull) who assisted in the various field expeditions. Finally, this research could not have been completed without the cooperation and assistance of the Air Force Weather Agency. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 12708 EP 12722 DI 10.3390/rs61212708 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AX2ST UT WOS:000346795300048 ER PT J AU Duignan, PJ Van Bressem, MF Baker, JD Barbieri, M Colegrove, KM De Guise, S de Swart, RL Di Guardo, G Dobson, A Duprex, WP Early, G Fauquier, D Goldstein, T Goodman, SJ Grenfell, B Groch, KR Gulland, F Hall, A Jensen, BA Lamy, K Matassa, K Mazzariol, S Morris, SE Nielsen, O Rotstein, D Rowles, TK Saliki, JT Siebert, U Waltzek, T Wellehan, JFX AF Duignan, Padraig J. Van Bressem, Marie-Francoise Baker, Jason D. Barbieri, Michelle Colegrove, Kathleen M. De Guise, Sylvain de Swart, Rik L. Di Guardo, Giovanni Dobson, Andrew Duprex, W. Paul Early, Greg Fauquier, Deborah Goldstein, Tracey Goodman, Simon J. Grenfell, Bryan Groch, Katia R. Gulland, Frances Hall, Ailsa Jensen, Brenda A. Lamy, Karina Matassa, Keith Mazzariol, Sandro Morris, Sinead E. Nielsen, Ole Rotstein, David Rowles, Teresa K. Saliki, Jeremy T. Siebert, Ursula Waltzek, Thomas Wellehan, James F. X. TI Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE Morbillivirus; pinnipeds; sea otter; CD150/SLAM; phylogeny; pathology; epidemiology; immunity; vaccine ID EUROPEAN HARBOR SEALS; OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SCOTTISH GREY SEALS; HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; CANINE-DISTEMPER; MEASLES-VIRUS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; MASS MORTALITY; CETACEAN MORBILLIVIRUS AB Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was first recognized in 1988 following a massive epidemic in harbor and grey seals in north-western Europe. Since then, the epidemiology of infection in North Atlantic and Arctic pinnipeds has been investigated. In the western North Atlantic endemic infection in harp and grey seals predates the European epidemic, with relatively small, localized mortality events occurring primarily in harbor seals. By contrast, PDV seems not to have become established in European harbor seals following the 1988 epidemic and a second event of similar magnitude and extent occurred in 2002. PDV is a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus with minor sequence variation between outbreaks over time. There is now mounting evidence of PDV-like viruses in the North Pacific/Western Arctic with serological and molecular evidence of infection in pinnipeds and sea otters. However, despite the absence of associated mortality in the region, there is concern that the virus may infect the large Pacific harbor seal and northern elephant seal populations or the endangered Hawaiian monk seals. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on PDV with particular focus on developments in diagnostics, pathogenesis, immune response, vaccine development, phylogenetics and modeling over the past 20 years. C1 [Duignan, Padraig J.; Lamy, Karina] Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. [Van Bressem, Marie-Francoise] Peruvian Ctr Cetacean Res CEPEC, Cetacean Conservat Med Grp CMED, Lima 20, Peru. [Baker, Jason D.; Barbieri, Michelle] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Barbieri, Michelle; Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant Coll Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [de Swart, Rik L.] Erasmus MC, Dept Virosci, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Di Guardo, Giovanni] Univ Teramo, Fac Vet Med, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. [Dobson, Andrew; Grenfell, Bryan; Morris, Sinead E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Duprex, W. Paul] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Early, Greg] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fauquier, Deborah; Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goodman, Simon J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Grenfell, Bryan] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Groch, Katia R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Pathol, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hall, Ailsa] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Matassa, Keith] Pacific Marine Mammal Ctr, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 USA. [Mazzariol, Sandro] Univ Padua, Dept Comparat Biomed & Food Sci, I-35020 Legnaro Padua, Italy. [Nielsen, Ole] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Rotstein, David] Marine Mammal Pathol Serv, Olney, MD 20832 USA. [Saliki, Jeremy T.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-30173 Hannover, Germany. [Waltzek, Thomas] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wellehan, James F. X.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Duignan, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. EM ppjduign@ucalgary.ca; mfb.cmed@gmail.com; Jason.Baker@noaa.gov; michelle.barbieri@noaa.gov; katie.colegrove@gmail.com; sylvain.deguise@uconn.edu; r.deswart@erasmusmc.nl; gdiguardo@unite.it; dobson@princeton.edu; pduprex@bu.edu; greg.early@yahoo.com; deborah.fauquier@noaa.gov; tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu; s.j.goodman@leeds.ac.uk; grenfell@princeton.edu; katia.groch@gmail.com; gullandf@tmmc.org; ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk; bjensen@hpu.edu; klamy@gmail.com; kmatassa@pacificmmc.org; sandro.mazzariol@unipd.it; semorris@princeton.edu; ole.nielsen@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; drdrot@gmail.com; teri.rowles@noaa.gov; jsaliki@uga.edu; ursula.siebert@tiho-hannover.de; tomwaltzek@gmail.com; wellehanj@ufl.edu OI Mazzariol, Sandro/0000-0002-4756-1871; De Swart, Rik/0000-0003-3599-8969 FU RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health FX This review is the product of an international marine mammal morbillivirus workshop held at Princeton University, USA, in August 2014 and funded by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. NR 228 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 50 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 5093 EP 5134 DI 10.3390/v6125093 PG 42 WC Virology SC Virology GA AX3JA UT WOS:000346834500015 PM 25533658 ER PT J AU Van Bressem, MF Duignan, PJ Banyard, A Barbieri, M Colegrove, KM De Guise, S Di Guardo, G Dobson, A Domingo, M Fauquier, D Fernandez, A Goldstein, T Grenfell, B Groch, KR Gulland, F Jensen, BA Jepson, PD Hall, A Kuiken, T Mazzariol, S Morris, SE Nielsen, O Raga, JA Rowles, TK Saliki, J Sierra, E Stephens, N Stone, B Tomo, I Wang, J Waltzek, T Wellehan, JFX AF Van Bressem, Marie-Francoise Duignan, Padraig J. Banyard, Ashley Barbieri, Michelle Colegrove, Kathleen M. De Guise, Sylvain Di Guardo, Giovanni Dobson, Andrew Domingo, Mariano Fauquier, Deborah Fernandez, Antonio Goldstein, Tracey Grenfell, Bryan Groch, Katia R. Gulland, Frances Jensen, Brenda A. Jepson, Paul D. Hall, Ailsa Kuiken, Thijs Mazzariol, Sandro Morris, Sinead E. Nielsen, Ole Raga, Juan A. Rowles, Teresa K. Saliki, Jeremy Sierra, Eva Stephens, Nahiid Stone, Brett Tomo, Ikuko Wang, Jianning Waltzek, Thomas Wellehan, James F. X. TI Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE cetacean morbillivirus; epidemics; mass stranding; SLAM; phylogeny; pathogenesis; diagnosis; endemic infections ID DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; CANINE-DISTEMPER-VIRUS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PORPOISES PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBACUTE SCLEROSING-PANENCEPHALITIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS; MEASLES-VIRUS; STRIPED DOLPHINS AB We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported. C1 [Van Bressem, Marie-Francoise] Peruvian Ctr Cetacean Res CEPEC, Cetacean Conservat Med Grp CMED, Lima 20, Peru. [Duignan, Padraig J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. [Banyard, Ashley] APHA, Wildlife Zoonoses & Vector Borne Dis Res Grp, Weybridge KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Barbieri, Michelle; Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Sea Grant Coll Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Di Guardo, Giovanni] Univ Teramo, Fac Vet Med, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. [Dobson, Andrew; Grenfell, Bryan; Morris, Sinead E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Domingo, Mariano] Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Fauquier, Deborah; Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fernandez, Antonio; Sierra, Eva] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Sch Vet, Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Vet Pathol, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35413, Spain. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Grenfell, Bryan] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Groch, Katia R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Pathol, BR-05508207 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Groch, Katia R.] Humpback Whale Inst, BR-45900000 Caravelas, Bahia, Brazil. [Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Jepson, Paul D.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Hall, Ailsa] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Kuiken, Thijs] Erasmus MC, Dept Virosci, NL-3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Mazzariol, Sandro] Univ Padua, Dept Comparat Biomed & Food Sci, I-35020 Padua, Italy. [Nielsen, Ole] Cent & Arctic Reg, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Raga, Juan A.] Univ Valencia, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Marine Zool Unit, Valencia 22085, Spain. [Saliki, Jeremy] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stephens, Nahiid] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. [Stone, Brett] QML Vetnost, Murarrie, Qld 4172, Australia. [Tomo, Ikuko] S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Wang, Jianning] CSIRO, East Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Waltzek, Thomas] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wellehan, James F. X.] Univ Florida, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Van Bressem, MF (reprint author), Peruvian Ctr Cetacean Res CEPEC, Cetacean Conservat Med Grp CMED, Lima 20, Peru. EM mfb.cmed@gmail.com; ppjduign@ucalgary.ca; ashley.banyard@apha.gsi.gov.uk; michelle.barbieri@noaa.gov; katie.colegrove@gmail.com; sylvain.deguise@uconn.edu; gdiguardo@unite.it; dobson@princeton.edu; Mariano.Domingo@cresa.uab.cat; deborah.fauquier@noaa.gov; afernandez@dmor.ulpgc.es; tgoldstein@ucdavis.edu; grenfell@princeton.edu; katia.groch@gmail.com; gullandf@tmmc.org; bjensen@hpu.edu; paul.jepson@ioz.ac.uk; ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk; t.kuiken@erasmusmc.n1; sandro.mazzariol@unipd.it; semorris@princeton.edu; ole.nielsen@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; raga@uv.es; teri.rowles@noaa.gov; jsaliki@uga.edu; esierra@becarios.ulpgc.es; n.stephens@murdoch.edu.au; brett.stone@qml.com.au; ikuko.tomo@samuseum.sa.gov.au; Jianning.Wang@csiro.au; tomwaltzek@gmail.com; wellehanj@ufl.edu RI Banyard, Ashley/C-7998-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Fernandez, Antonio/G-3448-2015; Sierra, Eva/H-9352-2015; OI Banyard, Ashley/0000-0002-1286-9825; Fernandez, Antonio/0000-0001-5281-0521; Sierra, Eva/0000-0003-3749-8845; Mazzariol, Sandro/0000-0002-4756-1871; Raga, Juan Antonio/0000-0003-2687-2539 FU RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; Swan River Trust; Department of Parks and Wildlife FX We kindly thank Rik de Swart for inviting us to participate to this special issue, K Van Waerebeek and Jason Baker for their constructive comments on this manuscript, two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions and Rob Deaville for the image of a harbor porpoise. This work emerged from a meeting funded by the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. N. Stephens thanks the Swan River Trust and the Department of Parks and Wildlife for their support. NR 162 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 45 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD DEC PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 5145 EP 5181 DI 10.3390/v6125145 PG 37 WC Virology SC Virology GA AX3JA UT WOS:000346834500017 PM 25533660 ER PT J AU Cammen, KM Rosel, PE Wells, RS Read, AJ AF Cammen, Kristina M. Rosel, Patricia E. Wells, Randall S. Read, Andrew J. TI Lack of variation in voltage-gated sodium channels of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to neurotoxic algal blooms SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common bottlenose dolphin; Harmful algal bloom; Brevetoxin; Voltage-gated sodium channel genes ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLORIDA RED TIDE; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; KARENIA-BREVIS; SARASOTA BAY; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; RAT-BRAIN; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE AB In coastal marine ecosystems, neurotoxins produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) often result in large-scale mortality events of many marine species. Historical and frequent exposure to HABs therefore may provide a strong selective pressure for adaptations that result in toxin resistance. Neurotoxin resistance has independently evolved in a variety of terrestrial and marine species via mutations in genes encoding the toxin binding sites within the voltage-gated sodium channel gene complex. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the putative binding site of brevetoxins in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) explains differences among individuals or populations in resistance to harmful Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico. We found very little variation in the sodium channel exons encoding the putative brevetoxin binding site among bottlenose dolphins from central-west Florida and the Florida Panhandle. Our study included samples from several bottlenose dolphin mortality events associated with HABs, but we found no association between genetic variation and survival. We observed a significant effect of geographic region on genetic variation for some sodium channel isoforms, but this can be primarily explained by rare private alleles and is more likely a reflection of regional genetic differentiation than the cause of different levels of HAB resistance between regions. In contrast to many other previously studied neurotoxin-resistant species, we conclude that bottlenose dolphins have not evolved resistance to HABs via mutations in genes encoding the brevetoxin binding site on the voltage-gated sodium channels. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cammen, Kristina M.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Cammen, KM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM kcammen@gmail.com FU PADI Foundation; American Fisheries Society; Duke University Marine Lab Kaupe fund; Dolphin Quest; Oak Foundation FX We thank the following for providing samples: the Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, the Mote Marine Laboratory Stranding Investigations Program, the North Carolina Marine Mammal Stranding Network, and the NOAA SEFSC Marine Mammal Tissue and DNA Archive which provided samples donated by A. Costidis and D. Boyd (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), B. Balmer and L Schwacke (NOAA/NCCOS Hollings Marine Lab) and J. Litz (NOAA/NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). We also thank B. Balmer for information categorizing live dolphins from the Florida Panhandle as coastal or estuarine. Lab work was conducted at the Duke University Marine Conservation Molecular Facility. Funding for this work was provided by the PADI Foundation, the American Fisheries Society, the Duke University Marine Lab Kaupe fund, Dolphin Quest, and the Oak Foundation. Samples from live dolphins were collected using protocols approved by the Mote Marine Laboratory Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and a NOAA/NMFS ad hoc IACUC. Samples were collected under the following Scientific Research Permits issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service: 522-1527, 522-1569, 522-1785, and 15543 issued to RSW; 932-1489 (as amended) issued to the NOAA Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. This manuscript was improved by the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 157 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.010 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AW8ZN UT WOS:000346547800016 PM 25456229 ER PT J AU Leising, AW Schroeder, ID Bograd, SJ Bjorkstedt, EP Field, J Sakuma, K Abell, J Robertson, RR Tyburczy, J Peterson, WT Brodeur, R Barcelo, C Auth, TD Daly, EA Campbell, GS Hildebrand, JA Suryan, RM Gladics, AJ Horton, CA Kahru, M Manzano-Sarabia, M McClatchie, S Weber, ED Watson, W Santora, JA Sydeman, WJ Melin, SR Delong, RL Largier, J Kim, SY Chavez, FP Golightly, RT Schneider, SR Warzybok, P Bradley, R Jahncke, J Fisher, J Peterson, J AF Leising, Andrew W. Schroeder, Isaac D. Bograd, Steven J. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Field, John Sakuma, Keith Abell, Jeffrey Robertson, Roxanne R. Tyburczy, Joe Peterson, William T. Brodeur, Ric Barcelo, Caren Auth, Toby D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Campbell, Gregory S. Hildebrand, John A. Suryan, Robert M. Gladics, Amanda J. Horton, Cheryl A. Kahru, Mati Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne McClatchie, Sam Weber, Edward D. Watson, William Santora, Jarrod A. Sydeman, William J. Melin, Sharon R. Delong, Robert L. Largier, John Kim, Sung Yong Chavez, Francisco P. Golightly, Richard T. Schneider, Stephanie R. Warzybok, Pete Bradley, Russel Jahncke, Jaime Fisher, Jennifer Peterson, Jay TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2013-14: EL NINO LOOMING SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH; CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; COMMUNITY; OREGON; COAST AB In 2013, the California current was dominated by strong coastal upwelling and high productivity. Indices of total cumulative upwelling for particular coastal locations reached some of the highest values on record. Chlorophyll a levels were high throughout spring and summer. Catches of upwelling-related fish species were also high. After a moderate drop in upwelling during fall 2013, the California current system underwent a major change in phase. Three major basin-scale indicators, the PDO, the NPGO, and the ENSO-MEI, all changed phase at some point during the winter of 2013/14. The PDO changed to positive values, indicative of warmer waters in the North Pacific; the NPGO to negative values, indicative of lower productivity along the coast; and the MEI to positive values, indicative of an oncoming El Nino. Whereas the majority of the California Current system appears to have transitioned to an El Nino state by August 2014, based on decreases in upwelling and chlorophyll a concentration, and increases in SST, there still remained pockets of moderate upwelling, cold water, and high chlorophyll a biomass at various central coast locations, unlike patterns seen during the more major El Ninos (e.g., the 97-98 event). Catches of rockfish, market squid, euphausiids, and juvenile sanddab remained high along the central coast, whereas catches of sardine and anchovy were low throughout the CCS. 2014 appears to be heading towards a moderate El Nino state, with some remaining patchy regions of upwelling-driven productivity along the coast. Superimposed on this pattern, three major regions have experienced possibly non-El Nino-related warming since winter: the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and offshore of southern California. It is unclear how this warming may interact with the predicted El Nino, but the result will likely be reduced growth or reproduction for many key fisheries species. C1 [Leising, Andrew W.; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Field, John; Sakuma, Keith] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Abell, Jeffrey] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Robertson, Roxanne R.] Humboldt State Univ, CIMEC, Arcata, CA USA. [Tyburczy, Joe] Calif Sea Grant, Eureka, CA USA. [Peterson, William T.; Brodeur, Ric] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Campbell, Gregory S.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.; Gladics, Amanda J.; Horton, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kahru, Mati; Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92121 USA. [Manzano-Sarabia, Marlenne] Univ Autonoma Sinaloa, Fac Ciencias Mar, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.; Watson, William] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; Delong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Kim, Sung Yong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Div Ocean Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.; Schneider, Stephanie R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Warzybok, Pete; Bradley, Russel; Jahncke, Jaime] Point Blue Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Warzybok, Pete; Bradley, Russel; Jahncke, Jaime] PRBO, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer; Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Leising, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009 OI Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992 FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Plan (SAIP); Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs; Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NNX-09AT01G]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1026607]; National Marine Fisheries Service FX Andrew W. Leising was partially funded through NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. Ichthyoplankton collections off the Oregon coast were supported in part by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Plan (SAIP) and Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs, as well as from a grant through the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Financial support was provided by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program Grants NNX-09AT01G (M. K.), National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-1026607 to the CCE LTER Program). Satellite data were provided by the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group and ESA MERIS team. We thank the CalCOFI and CCE-LTER programs, NOAA SWFSC survey, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Pacific Coastal Ocean Observing System for in situ data. R. DeLong, J. Harris, J. Laake, A. Orr and many field assistants participated in the data collection and summaries. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Research was conducted under NMFS Permit 16087 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 38 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 55 BP 51 EP 87 PG 37 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AW3NB UT WOS:000346192400004 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Buchanan, JC Emmett, RL AF Brodeur, Richard D. Buchanan, John C. Emmett, Robert L. TI PELAGIC AND DEMERSAL FISH PREDATORS ON JUVENILE AND ADULT FORAGE FISHES IN THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT: SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MARINE WATERS; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; PACIFIC HAKE; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; CHINOOK SALMON; FEEDING-HABITS; WEST-COAST AB A requisite for reliable food web models and eco-system-based management in regions such as the California Current is the availability of diet information on key predators. In upwelling ecosystems, much of the lower trophic level energy may be transferred through a relatively small set of very abundant pelagic forage fish taxa, such as anchovies, sardines, smelts, and herring. In addition the pelagic juvenile stages of some important midwater and demersal fishes (Pacific hake and rockfishes) may act as forage fishes during a more limited time period each year. In this paper, we review what is known about the utilization of these forage species by larger fish predators and elasmobranchs in the Northern California Current (NCC) from northern Washington to northern California (Cape Mendocino) to examine spatial and temporal variations in the kinds and sizes of forage fishes consumed. We found that predation on forage fishes was highly variable in space and time, and was often dependent on the size of the prey available as well as the predator. Pacific hake and spiny dogfish have the potential to be dominant forage fish predators due to their high biomass but other species such as arrowtooth flounder and Pacific halibut can be important due to their high proportion of forage fish in the diet. We also highlight where diet information is limited or lacking, and areas where regular fish diet monitoring could be useful for ecosystem- based management. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.; Buchanan, John C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@NOAA.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries FX We thank the many dedicated scientists who have collected and analyzed the diets of these predators over the many years covered in this study. We appreciate the contribution of unpublished diet information by Todd Miller, Sarah Glaser, Craig Tinus, and Elizabeth Daly. Pete Lawson, Jim Ruzicka, and Ian Stewart provided biomass estimates of predators. We thank the anonymous journal reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. David Ainley and Sam McClatchie provided the initial invitation to present this work that led to the writing of this paper. Funding was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 55 BP 96 EP 116 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AW3NB UT WOS:000346192400006 ER PT J AU Renck, CL Talley, DM Wells, RJD Dewar, H AF Renck, Charlene L. Talley, Drew M. Wells, R. J. David Dewar, Heidi TI REGIONAL GROWTH PATTERNS OF JUVENILE ALBACORE (THUNNUS ALALUNGA) IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE REEF FISH; MARINE FISH; AGE-DETERMINATIONS; DYNAMICS MODEL; YELLOWFIN TUNA; TAGGING DATA; MIGRATION; LARVAE; CALIFORNIA; OCEAN AB Population structure of North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) may be more complex than the current single-stock hypothesis given the apparent regional differences in size-at-age and movement patterns in the eastern North Pacific. In this study, otolith-based techniques were used to analyze the age structure, daily growth rates and hatch dates of 126 albacore collected from two regions in the eastern North Pacific (northern: >40 degrees N and southern: <40 degrees N) in July through October of 2010 and 2011. Juvenile albacore collected from the southern region had significantly larger size-at-age than those collected from the northern region over a similar age range examined (423-1254 days). No significant regional difference in growth rates of juvenile albacore was detected over the ages examined, suggesting processes occurring in the first year and a half of life may have been driving regional size-at-age differences. Back-calculated hatch dates suggest protracted spawning for fish from both regions ranging from February to September with peak hatch dates between April and July (73% of all fish). Results from this two-year study suggest that juvenile albacore length-at-age estimates in the eastern North Pacific are region-specific and may need to be considered for future life history studies and stock assessments. C1 [Renck, Charlene L.; Talley, Drew M.] Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Univ San Diego, 5998 Alcala Pk, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM wellsr@tamug.edu FU NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); American Fishermen's Research Foundation (AFRF); American Albacore Fishing Association (AAFA); Sportfishing Association of California (SAC) FX Funding and samples were provided by NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), American Fishermen's Research Foundation (AFRF), American Albacore Fishing Association (AAFA), and Sportfishing Association of California (SAC). Special thanks to Owyn Snodgrass for obtaining otoliths, Jenny McDaniel for assistance in the laboratory, and Emmanis Dorval and Suzy Kohin for comments on earlier drafts. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 55 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AW3NB UT WOS:000346192400009 ER PT J AU Stinton, A Ciannelli, L Reese, DC Wakefield, WW AF Stinton, Amy Ciannelli, Lorenzo Reese, Douglas C. Wakefield, W. Waldo TI USING IN SITU VIDEO ANALYSIS TO ASSESS JUVENILE FLATFISH BEHAVIOR ALONG THE OREGON CENTRAL COAST SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ESTUARINE FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; HYPOXIA; FLOUNDER; OXYGEN; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; SUMMER AB We examined the feasibility of using a video beam trawl system to assess behavioral responses of juvenile flatfishes in relation to co-occurring habitat features, most notably dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Sixteen samples were collected along a cross shelf transect in the central Oregon coast during summer 2008. We found that juvenile fish reaction duration, defined as the time in seconds from first reaction to capture, decreased with decreased DO. However, other variables such as bottom water temperature, fish size, and fish species composition by site are potentially confounding factors of the analysis. The dominant flatfish species shifted from English sole (Parophyrs vetulus) to Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) with increased depth. Escape behavior varied from "burying" in the shallows, to "hovering" at mid-depth stations, and "running" at the deepest site. Collectively, our results suggest that the video beam trawl effectively monitor behavioral metrics and community composition of nearshore flatfish assemblages. C1 [Stinton, Amy] Bell Aquaculture, Albany, IN 47373 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reese, Douglas C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stinton, A (reprint author), Bell Aquaculture, 11550 East Gregory Rd, Albany, IN 47373 USA. EM amy.stinton@bellaquaculture.com; lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Sea Grant [NA06OAR4170010]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program [R/ECO-23]; U.S. Department of Commerce; DOD Assure; NSF FX This research was sponsored by Oregon Sea Grant under award number NA06OAR4170010, project number R/ECO-23 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by appropriations made by the Oregon State Legislature. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these funders. Amy Stinton was funded through the DOD Assure, and NSF. Special thanks goes to three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and to Angela Johnson, Natalie Ehrlich, Chris Toole, Cathleen Vestfals, Jason Phillips, Matthew Yergey and Bobby Ireland for intellectual and field support. Cathleen Vestfals and Lorey Stinton developed Figure 1. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 55 BP 158 EP 168 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AW3NB UT WOS:000346192400011 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Benson, JD Kearsley, AJ AF Anderson, Daniel M. Benson, James D. Kearsley, Anthony J. TI Foundations of modeling in cryobiology I: Concentration, Gibbs energy, and chemical potential relationships SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Gibbs free energy; Diffusion; Chemical potential gradient; Transport; Solidification ID INTRACELLULAR ICE FORMATION; OSMOTIC VIRIAL EQUATION; RATIONALLY OPTIMIZED CRYOPRESERVATION; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENTS; PANCREATIC-ISLET CELLS; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; WATER TRANSPORT; CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES AB Mathematical modeling plays an enormously important role in understanding the behavior of cells, tissues, and organs undergoing cryopreservation. Uses of these models range from explanation of phenomena, exploration of potential theories of damage or success, development of equipment, and refinement of optimal cryopreservation/cryoablation strategies. Over the last half century there has been a considerable amount of work in bio-heat and mass-transport, and these models and theories have been readily and repeatedly applied to cryobiology with much success. However, there are significant gaps between experimental and theoretical results that suggest missing links in models. One source for these potential gaps is that cryobiology is at the intersection of several very challenging aspects of transport theory: it couples multi-component, moving boundary, multiphase solutions that interact through a semipermeable elastic membrane with multicomponent solutions in a second time-varying domain, during a two-hundred Kelvin temperature change with multi-molar concentration gradients and multi-atmosphere pressure changes. In order to better identify potential sources of error, and to point to future directions in modeling and experimental research, we present a three part series to build from first principles a theory of coupled heat and mass transport in cryobiological systems accounting for all of these effects. The hope of this series is that by presenting and justifying all steps, conclusions may be made about the importance of key assumptions, perhaps pointing to areas of future research or model development, but importantly, lending weight to standard simplification arguments that are often made in heat and mass transport. In this first part, we review concentration variable relationships, their impact on choices for Gibbs energy models, and their impact on chemical potentials. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Daniel M.; Benson, James D.; Kearsley, Anthony J.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Daniel M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Benson, James D.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Benson, JD (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM danders1@gmu.edu; benson@math.niu.edu; anthony.kearsley@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship FX Research funding for J. Benson was provided in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 130 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 EI 1090-2392 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD DEC PY 2014 VL 69 IS 3 BP 349 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.09.004 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA AW7RF UT WOS:000346461500001 PM 25240602 ER PT J AU Gardner, AF Kelman, Z AF Gardner, Andrew F. Kelman, Zvi TI DNA polymerases in biotechnology SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE DNA polymerase; DNA polymerase evolution; DNA polymerase fidelity; DNA sequencing; molecular diagnostics; next generation sequencing; PCR; PCR inhibitors ID REPLICATION; TECHNOLOGY; GENOMICS C1 [Gardner, Andrew F.] New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Gardner, AF (reprint author), New England Biolabs Inc, Ipswich, MA 01938 USA. EM gardner@neb.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 659 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00659 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AW6HU UT WOS:000346371200001 PM 25520711 ER PT J AU Laake, JL Johnson, DS Diefenbach, DR Ternent, MA AF Laake, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Devin S. Diefenbach, Duane R. Ternent, Mark A. TI Hidden Markov Model for Dependent Mark Loss and Survival Estimation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS); Hidden Markov model; Mark loss; Tag loss ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL; TAG LOSS; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION DATA; BLACK BEARS; RECAPTURE; POPULATION; RATES; CALIFORNIA AB Mark-recapture estimators assume no loss of marks to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters. We describe a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework that integrates a mark loss model with a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model for survival estimation. Mark loss can be estimated with single-marked animals as long as a sub-sample of animals has a permanent mark. Double-marking provides an estimate of mark loss assuming independence but dependence can be modeled with a permanently marked sub-sample. We use a log-linear approach to include covariates for mark loss and dependence which is more flexible than existing published methods for integrated models. The HMM approach is demonstrated with a dataset of black bears (Ursus americanus) with two ear tags and a subset of which were permanently marked with tattoos. The data were analyzed with and without the tattoo. Dropping the tattoos resulted in estimates of survival that were reduced by 0.005-0.035 due to tag loss dependence that could not be modeled. We also analyzed the data with and without the tattoo using a single tag. By not using. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line. C1 [Laake, Jeffrey L.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ternent, Mark A.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Laake, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.laake@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 19 IS 4 BP 524 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s13253-014-0190-1 PG 17 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA AX0HM UT WOS:000346633600009 ER PT J AU Hammonds, KD Mace, GG Matrosov, SY AF Hammonds, Kevin D. Mace, Gerald G. Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Characterizing the Radar Backscatter-Cross-Section Sensitivities of Ice-Phase Hydrometeor Size Distributions via a Simple Scaling of the Clausius-Mossotti Factor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; RAYLEIGH-GANS APPROXIMATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; PRECIPITATION PARTICLES; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; AGGREGATE SNOWFLAKES; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SNOWFALL AB One of the challenges that limit the amount of information that can be inferred from radar measurements of ice and mixed-phase precipitating clouds is the variability in ice mass within hydrometeors. The variable amount of ice mass within particles of a given size drives further variability in single-scattering properties that results in uncertainties of forward-modeled remote sensing quantities. Nonspherical ice-phase hydrometeors are often approximated as spheroids to simplify the calculation of single-scattering properties, yet offline calculations remain necessary to quantify these radiative properties as a function of size in discrete increments. In this paper, a simple scaling of the Clausius-Mossotti factor is used that allows for an approximation of the scattering and extinction cross sections for an arbitrary mass-dimensional power-law relationship of a nonspherical particle given a single T-matrix calculation. Using data collected by the University of Wyoming King Air in snow clouds over the Colorado Park Range, the uncertainty in forward-modeled radar reflectivity to assumptions regarding mass-dimensional relationships is examined. This is accomplished by taking advantage of independently measured condensed mass and particle size distributions to estimate the variability of the prefactor in the mass-dimensional power law. Then, calculating the partial derivative of the radar backscatter cross sections using the scaling relationships, an estimate is made of the statistical uncertainty in forward-modeled radar reflectivity. Uncertainties on the order of 4 dB are found in this term for the dataset considered. C1 [Hammonds, Kevin D.; Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mace, GG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Rm 819 819 WBB,135 S 1460 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jay.mace@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [ER65324-1038673-0017514, ER65235-1038449-0017520]; NASA [NNX13AQ31G]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division FX Data from the Colorado Airborne Multiphase Cloud Study funded by the National Science Foundation were provided by Dr. Linnea Avallone of the University of Colorado. Programming support was provided by Stephanie Avey, Sally Benson, and Chris Schwartz at the University of Utah. This research was supported primarily by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under Grants ER65324-1038673-0017514 (GM) and ER65235-1038449-0017520 (GM). Author SM acknowledges support through NASA Grant NNX13AQ31G. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division. We also thank members of the StormVEx science team for their tireless work in making the program a success: Gannet Hallar, Ian McCubbin, Matt Shupe, Roger Marchand, and Chuck Long. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2761 EP 2774 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0280.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW4YU UT WOS:000346284300009 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR Krause, JC Boydstun, OE Daniel, AE Free, AD Zittel, WD AF Ivic, Igor R. Krause, Jane C. Boydstun, Olen E. Daniel, Amy E. Free, Alan D. Zittel, Walter D. TI Effects of Radial-Based Noise Power Estimation on Spectral Moment Estimates SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Data processing; Data quality control; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID DOPPLER SPECTRA; WEATHER RADARS; SIGNALS AB A radar antenna intercepts thermal radiation from various sources, including the ground, the sun, the sky, precipitation, and man-made radiators. In the radar receiver, this external radiation produces noise that constructively adds to the receiver internal noise and results in the overall system noise. Consequently, the system noise power is dependent on the antenna position and needs to be estimated accurately. Inaccurate noise power measurements may lead to a reduction of coverage if the noise power is overestimated or to radar data images cluttered by noise speckles if the noise power is underestimated. Moreover, when an erroneous noise power is used at low to moderate signal-to-noise ratios, estimators can produce biased meteorological variables. Therefore, to obtain the best quality of radar products, it is desirable to compute meteorological variables using the noise power measured at each antenna position. An effective technique that achieves this by estimating the noise power in real time from measured powers at each scan direction and in parallel with weather data collection has been proposed. Herein, the effects of such radial-based noise power estimation on spectral moment estimates are investigated. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Krause, Jane C.; Boydstun, Olen E.; Daniel, Amy E.; Free, Alan D.; Zittel, Walter D.] Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Krause, Jane C.; Daniel, Amy E.] Centuria Corp, Reston, VA USA. [Free, Alan D.] Serco Inc, Reston, VA USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Christopher Curtis and Bradley Isom for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2671 EP 2691 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00048.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5TF UT WOS:000346336000007 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Tian, XX Weng, FZ AF Zou, Xiaolei Tian, Xiaoxu Weng, Fuzhong TI Detection of Television Frequency Interference with Satellite Microwave Imager Observations over Oceans SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea; ocean surface; Data processing; Data quality control; Instrumentation; sensors; Principal components analysis ID AMSR-E; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; RETRIEVAL; LAND AB The geostationary satellite television (TV) signals that are broadcasted over various continents can be reflected back to space when they reach ocean surfaces. If the reflected signals are intercepted by the antenna of the microwave imager on board polar-orbiting satellites, they are mixed with the thermal emission from the earth and result in direct contamination of the satellite microwave imager measurements. This contamination is referred to as television frequency interference (TFI) and can result in erroneous retrievals of oceanic environmental parameters (e.g., sea surface temperature and sea surface wind speed) from microwave imager measurements. In this study, a principal component analysis (PCA)-based method is applied for detecting the TFI signals over oceans from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite. It is found that the third principal component of the data matrix of the AMSR-E spectral difference indices from each AMSR-E swath captures the TFI contamination. The TFI-contaminated data on the AMSR-E descending node at both 10.65- and 18.7-GHz frequencies can be separated from uncontaminated data over oceanic areas near the coasts of Europe and the United States based on the intensity of the data projection onto the third principal component (PC). Compared to the earlier methods, the proposed PCA-based algorithm works well on the observations without a priori information and is thus applicable for broader user applications. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei; Tian, Xiaoxu] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, POB 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Tian, Xiaoxu/M-9118-2016; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Tian, Xiaoxu/0000-0002-2832-4790; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; NOAA JPSS GCOM-W project FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Project 2010CB951600 and NOAA JPSS GCOM-W project. The authors thank NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (JAXA) for providing Aqua AMSR-E data to operational centers as well as to the research community. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2759 EP 2776 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00086.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5TF UT WOS:000346336000012 ER PT J AU Richter, M McLinden, MO AF Richter, Markus McLinden, Mark O. TI Vapor-Phase (p, rho, T, x) Behavior and Virial Coefficients for the (Methane plus Propane) System SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; MIXTURES; PRESSURE; DENSIMETERS; TEMPERATURE; EQUATION; RANGES; LIQUID; STATE AB The (p, rho, T, x) behavior of three (methane + propane) mixtures was measured with a two-sinker magnetic suspension densimeter over the temperature range of (248.15 to 373.15) K with pressures up to the dew-point pressure or 6 MPa, whichever was lower. The compositions of the gravimetrically prepared mixtures were (0.74977, 0.50688, and 0.26579) mole fraction methane. A detailed uncertainty analysis is presented. The relative combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in density considering all effects, including the uncertainty in composition, was 0.05 % or lower for most points, except it was larger at densities less than 5 kg.m(-3). Comparisons to the GERG-2008 equation of state for natural-gas mixtures showed significant deviations in density (as large as -1.3 %) that increased with decreasing temperature, with increasing pressure, and with increasing propane fraction in the mixture. The experimental values were also used to calculate interaction virial coefficients B-12(T) for this system. The B-12(T) agreed well with literature values. They were constant (within experimental uncertainty) with composition, as expected from theory. In contrast, the B-12(T) calculated with the GERG-2008 equation of state varied with composition. C1 [Richter, Markus; McLinden, Mark O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Richter, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647 07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM m.richter@thermo.rub.de; markm@boulder.nist.gov OI Richter, Markus/0000-0001-8120-5646 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [RI 2482/1-1] FX We thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for supporting the stay of M. Richter at NIST under Grant No. RI 2482/1-1. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2014 VL 59 IS 12 BP 4151 EP 4164 DI 10.1021/je500792x PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AW5OP UT WOS:000346324500024 ER PT J AU Harden, LA Duernberger, KA Jones, TT Williard, AS AF Harden, Leigh Anne Duernberger, Kimberly Anne Jones, T. Todd Williard, Amanda Southwood TI Total body water and water turnover rates in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) during the transition from dormancy to activity SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine reptile; [H-2]deuterium; Dehydration; Osmoregulation; Homeostasis; Overwinter; Water flux; Salt accumulation ID FRESH-WATER; CROCODYLUS-ACUTUS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; TEMPERATURE-VARIATION; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; SEASONAL ACTIVITY; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; DESERT TORTOISES; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; OSMOTIC CONTROL AB Water and salt concentrations in an animal's body fluids can fluctuate with changing environmental conditions, posing osmoregulatory challenges that require behavioral and physiological adjustments. The purpose of this study was to investigate body water dynamics in the estuarine diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), a species that undergoes seasonal dormancy in salt marsh habitats. We conducted a field study to determine the total body water (% TBW), water turnover rate (WTR) and daily water flux (DWF) of female terrapins in south eastern North Carolina pre-and post-emergence from winter dormancy. Terrapins were injected with [H-2] deuterium on two occasions and washout of the isotope was monitored by taking successive blood samples during the period of transition from dormancy to activity. The WTR and DWF of dormant terrapins were significantly lower than those of active terrapins (WTRdormant= 49.70 +/- 15.94 ml day(-1), WTRactive= 100.20 +/- 20.36 ml day(-1), DWFdormant= 10.52 +/- 2.92% TBW day(-1), DWFactive= 21.84 +/- 7.30% TBW day(-1)). There was no significant difference in % TBW between dormant and active terrapins (75.05 +/- 6.19% and 74.54 +/- 4.36%, respectively). The results from this field study provide insight into the terrapin's ability to maintain osmotic homeostasis while experiencing shifts in behavioral and environmental conditions. C1 [Harden, Leigh Anne; Williard, Amanda Southwood] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Harden, Leigh Anne] Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60660 USA. [Duernberger, Kimberly Anne] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Jones, T. Todd] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Harden, LA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM leighanneharden@gmail.com FU North Carolina Herpetological Society; University of North Carolina Wilmington Cahill Award; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX Funding was provided to L.A.H. by the North Carolina Herpetological Society and to A.S.W. by the University of North Carolina Wilmington Cahill Award. L.A.H. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship during this study. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 217 IS 24 BP 4406 EP 4413 DI 10.1242/jeb.110411 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AW7BT UT WOS:000346420200022 PM 25394625 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Hoef, JMV McClintock, BT Moreland, EE London, JM Cameron, MF Dahle, SP Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Hoef, Jay M. Ver McClintock, Brett T. Moreland, Erin E. London, Josh M. Cameron, Michael F. Dahle, Shawn P. Boveng, Peter L. TI Estimating multispecies abundance using automated detection systems: ice-associated seals in the Bering Sea SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; aerial survey; automated detection; data augmentation; hierarchical models; pattern recognition; spatially restricted regression; species misidentification; thermal imagery ID LOOKING INFRARED FLIR; MODELS; RECOGNITION; POSTERIOR; IMAGERY AB Automated detection systems employing advanced technology (e.g. infrared imagery, auditory recording systems, pattern recognition software) are compelling tools for gathering animal abundance and distribution data since investigators can often collect data more efficiently and reduce animal disturbance relative to surveys using human observers. Even with these improvements, analysing animal abundance with advanced technology can be challenging because of potential for incomplete detection, false positives and species misidentification. We argue that double sampling with an independent sampling method can provide the critical information needed to account for such errors. We present a hierarchical modelling framework for jointly analysing automated detection and double sampling data obtained during animal population surveys. Under our framework, observed counts in different sampling units are conceptualized as having arisen from a thinned log-Gaussian Cox process subject to spatial autocorrelation (where thinning accounts for incomplete detection). For multispecies surveys, our approach handles incomplete species observations owing to (i) structural uncertainties (e.g. in cases where the automatic detection data do not provide species observations) and (ii) species misclassification; the latter requires auxiliary information on the misclassification process. As an example of combining an automated detection system and a double sampling procedure, we consider the problem of estimating animal abundance from aerial surveys that use infrared imagery to detect animals, and independent, high-resolution digital photography to provide information on species composition and thermal detection accuracy. We illustrate our approach by analysing simulated data and data from a survey of four ice-associated seal species in the eastern Bering Sea. Our analysis indicated reasonable performance of our hierarchical modelling approach, but suggested a need to balance model complexity with the richness of the data set. For example, highly parameterized models can lead to spuriously high predictions of abundance in areas that are not sampled, especially when there are large gaps in spatial coverage. We recommend that ecologists employ double sampling when enumerating animal populations with automated detection systems to estimate and correct for detection errors. Combining multiple data sets within a hierarchical modelling framework provides a powerful approach for analysing animal abundance over large spatial domains. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; McClintock, Brett T.; Moreland, Erin E.; London, Josh M.; Cameron, Michael F.; Dahle, Shawn P.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00017]; Tribal Wildlife Grants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service [U-4-IT] FX We thank all NOAA personnel and contractors that helped collect and process seal data and J. Jansen, D. Johnson, J. Laake and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Funding for aerial surveys was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Inter-agency Agreement M12PG00017). Most of the bearded seal haul-out data were collected and made available by the Native Village of Kotzebue and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, with support from the Tribal Wildlife Grants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant Number U-4-IT). The satellite telemetry studies were conducted under the authority of Marine Mammal Protection Act Scientific Research Permits 15126, 782-1765, 782-1676 and 358-1787. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent findings or policy of any government agency. Use of trade or brand names does not indicate endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1280 EP 1293 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12127 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400003 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Hill, JM Fritz, L Chumbley, K Luxa, K Diefenbach, DR AF McClintock, Brett T. Hill, Jason M. Fritz, Lowell Chumbley, Kathryn Luxa, Katie Diefenbach, Duane R. TI Mark-resight abundance estimation under incomplete identification of marked individuals SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE capture-resight; latent variables; mark-recapture; mark-resighting; missing data; population size ID POPULATION-SIZE; SIGHTING DATA; MODEL; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUMBER; INDEX; MOOSE AB Often less expensive and less invasive than conventional mark-recapture, so-called 'mark-resight' methods are popular in the estimation of population abundance. These methods are most often applied when a subset of the population of interest is marked (naturally or artificially), and non-invasive sighting data can be simultaneously collected for both marked and unmarked individuals. However, it can often be difficult to identify marked individuals with certainty during resighting surveys, and incomplete identification of marked individuals is potentially a major source of bias in mark-resight abundance estimators. Previously proposed solutions are ad hoc and will tend to underperform unless marked individual identification rates are relatively high (>90%) or individual sighting heterogeneity is negligible. Based on a complete data likelihood, we present an approach that properly accounts for uncertainty in marked individual detection histories when incomplete identifications occur. The models allow for individual heterogeneity in detection, sampling with (e.g. Poisson) or without (e.g. Bernoulli) replacement, and an unknown number of marked individuals. Using a custom Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to facilitate Bayesian inference, we demonstrate these models using two example data sets and investigate their properties via simulation experiments. We estimate abundance for grassland sparrow populations in Pennsylvania, USA when sampling was conducted with replacement and the number of marked individuals was either known or unknown. To increase marked individual identification probabilities, extensive territory mapping was used to assign incomplete identifications to individuals based on location. Despite marked individual identification probabilities as low as 67% in the absence of this territorial mapping procedure, we generally found little return (or need) for this time-consuming investment when using our proposed approach. We also estimate rookery abundance from Alaskan Steller sea lion counts when sampling was conducted without replacement, the number of marked individuals was unknown, and individual heterogeneity was suspected as non-negligible. In terms of estimator performance, our simulation experiments and examples demonstrated advantages of our proposed approach over previous methods, particularly when marked individual identification probabilities are low and individual heterogeneity levels are high. Our methodology can also reduce field effort requirements for marked individual identification, thus, allowing potential investment into additional marking events or resighting surveys. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Fritz, Lowell; Chumbley, Kathryn; Luxa, Katie] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hill, Jason M.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Brett.McClintock@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 SI SI BP 1294 EP 1304 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12140 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AW4ZG UT WOS:000346285400004 ER PT J AU Hazra, J Ruzic, BP Bohn, JL Balakrishnan, N AF Hazra, Jisha Ruzic, Brandon P. Bohn, John L. Balakrishnan, N. TI Quantum defect theory for cold chemistry with product-quantum-state resolution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMIC GASES; REACTIVE SCATTERING; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURES; ENERGY; FIELD AB We present a formalism for cold and ultracold atom-diatom chemical reactions that combines a quantum close-coupling method at short range with quantum defect theory at long range. The method yields full state-to-state rovibrationally resolved cross sections as in standard close-coupling (CC) calculations but at a considerably less computational expense. This hybrid approach exploits the simplicity of MQDT while treating the short-range interaction explicitly using quantum CC calculations. The method, demonstrated for D + H-2 -> HD + H collisions with rovibrational quantum state resolution of the HD product, is shown to be accurate for a wide range of collision energies and initial conditions. The hybrid CC-MQDT formalism may provide an alternative approach to full CC calculations for cold and ultracold reactions. C1 [Hazra, Jisha; Balakrishnan, N.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruzic, Brandon P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hazra, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. FU NSF [PHY-1205838]; ARO MURI Grant [W911NF-12-1-0476] FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-1205838 (N.B.) and ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0476 (N.B. and J.L.B). J.H. is grateful to Brian Kendrick for many helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 062703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.062703 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AW6NJ UT WOS:000346385900019 ER PT J AU Taniguchi, T Saslow, WM AF Taniguchi, Tomohiro Saslow, Wayne M. TI Dissipation due to pure spin-current generated by spin pumping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; TRANSPORT; FILMS AB Based on spin-dependent transport theory and thermodynamics, we develop a generalized theory of the Joule heating in the presence of a spin current. Along with the conventional Joule heating consisting of an electric current and electrochemical potential, it is found that the spin current and spin accumulation give an additional dissipation because the spin-dependent scatterings inside bulk and ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic interface lead to a change of entropy. The theory is applied to investigate the dissipation due to pure spin-current generated by spin pumping across a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic multilayer. The dissipation arises from an interface because the spin pumping is a transfer of both the spin angular momentum and the energy from the ferromagnet to conduction electrons near the interface. It is found that the dissipation is proportional to the enhancement of the Gilbert damping constant by spin pumping. C1 [Taniguchi, Tomohiro] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Spintron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Taniguchi, Tomohiro; Saslow, Wayne M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Saslow, Wayne M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Taniguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Spintron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RI Taniguchi, Tomohiro/J-6501-2012 FU JSPS KAKENHI [25790044] FX The authors would like to acknowledge M. D. Stiles, P. M. Haney, G. Khalsa, R. Jansen, T. Yorozu, H. Maehara, A. Emura, T. Nozaki, H. Imamura, S. Tsunegi, H. Kubota, S. Yuasa, and Y. Utsumi. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 25790044. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 21 AR 214407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.214407 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AW6NT UT WOS:000346386900009 ER PT J AU Birner, T Davis, SM Seidel, DJ AF Birner, Thomas Davis, Sean M. Seidel, Dian J. TI The changing width of Earth's tropical belt SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE C1 [Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Birner, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2014 VL 67 IS 12 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2620 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AW9SB UT WOS:000346596300017 ER PT J AU Pang, YY Watson, SS Sung, LP AF Pang, Yongyan Watson, Stephanie S. Sung, Li-Piin TI Surface degradation process affected by heterogeneity in nano-titanium dioxide filled acrylic urethane coatings under accelerated UV exposure SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle dispersion; Surface morphological change; UV degradation ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PHOTODEGRADATION; TIO2; FILMS; STABILIZATION; POLYURETHANE; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nanoparticle dispersion on surface morphological changes and degradation process in polymeric coatings during exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Three types of nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) were selected and dispersed into acrylic urethane (AU) coating to generate degrees of nanoparticle dispersion states. Two accelerated exposure conditions: wet (30 degrees C and 75% relative humidity (RH)) and dry (30 degrees C and 0% RH), were selected. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to monitor surface chemical degradation. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to characterize nanoparticle dispersion and surface/subsurface morphological changes in the AU coatings during UV exposure. For a given nanoparticle, similar surface morphological changes of the coatings indicated the similar degradation processes under the wet and dry conditions, but the degradation was faster under the wet condition. Surface morphological changes were closely related to the nanoparticle dispersion in three coatings, and the heterogeneity in nanoparticle dispersion significantly affects the degradation process and dominates the degradation patterns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pang, Yongyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Polymers & Composites Div, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pang, Yongyan; Watson, Stephanie S.; Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pang, YY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Polymers & Composites Div, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM yongyan.pang@nimte.ac.cn NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 55 IS 25 BP 6594 EP 6603 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.030 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AX0DP UT WOS:000346623900020 ER PT J AU Griffin, EM Schuur, TJ Ryzhkov, AV Reeves, HD Picca, JC AF Griffin, Erica M. Schuur, Terry J. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Reeves, Heather D. Picca, Joseph C. TI A Polarimetric and Microphysical Investigation of the Northeast Blizzard of 8-9 February 2013 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Snowbands; Extratropical cyclones; Snow; Cloud microphysics; Freezing precipitation; Ice particles ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUD; MELTING LAYER; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; 3-BODY SCATTERING; ERROR ANALYSIS; RADAR; PRECIPITATION; SNOW; 0-DEGREES-C; WAVELENGTH AB On 8-9 February 2013, the northeastern United States experienced a historic winter weather event ranking among the top five worst blizzards in the region. Heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions occurred from northern New Jersey, inland to New York, and northward through Maine. Storm-total snow accumulations of 30-61 cm were common, with maximum accumulations up to 102 cm and snowfall rates exceeding 15 cm h(-1). Dual-polarization radar measurements collected for this winter event provide valuable insights into storm microphysical processes. In this study, polarimetric data from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Upton, New York (KOKX), are investigated alongside thermodynamic analyses from the 13-km Rapid Refresh model and surface precipitation type observations from both Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) and the National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office in Upton, New York, for interpretation of polarimetric signatures. The storm exhibited unique polarimetric signatures, some of which have never before been documented for a winter system. Reflectivity values were unusually large, reaching magnitudes >50 dBZ in shallow regions of heavy wet snow near the surface. The 0 degrees C transition line was exceptionally distinct in the polarimetric imagery, providing detail that was often unmatched by the numerical model output. Other features include differential attenuation of magnitudes typical of melting hail, depolarization streaks that provide evidence of electrification, nonuniform beamfilling, a snow flare signature, and localized downward excursions of the melting-layer bright band collocated with observed transitions in surface precipitation types. In agreement with previous studies, widespread elevated depositional growth layers, located at temperatures near the model-predicted -15 degrees C isotherm, appear to be correlated with increased snowfall and large reflectivity factors Z(H) near the surface. C1 [Griffin, Erica M.; Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Reeves, Heather D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Griffin, Erica M.; Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Reeves, Heather D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Picca, Joseph C.] NOAA, NWS Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Upton, NY USA. RP Griffin, EM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM erica.griffin@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration; Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD; NSF [1193948] FX The authors thank the NOAA/National Weather Service employees who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric radar for research-grade operations. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD. The authors also acknowledge the NSF's support under Grant 1193948. We also thank Earth Networks for providing the total lightning data. Additionally, thank you to Dr. Stephen Cocks for providing a review of this manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for useful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1294 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00056.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5ZG UT WOS:000346348800002 ER PT J AU Alves, JHGM Chawla, A Tolman, HL Schwab, D Lang, G Mann, G AF Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M. Chawla, Arun Tolman, Hendrik L. Schwab, David Lang, Gregory Mann, Greg TI The Operational Implementation of a Great Lakes Wave Forecasting System at NOAA/NCEP SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE North America; Forecasting; Hindcasts; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Operational forecasting; Model evaluation; performance ID PREDICTION MODEL; PERFORMANCE; NCEP AB The development of a Great Lakes wave forecasting system at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is described. The system is an implementation of the WAVEWATCH III model, forced with atmospheric data from NCEP's regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model [the North American Mesoscale Model (NAM)] and the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Reviews are made of previous Great Lakes wave modeling efforts. The development history of NCEP's Great Lakes wave forecasting system is presented. A performance assessment is made of model wind speeds, as well as wave heights and periods, relative to National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) measurements. Performance comparisons are made relative to NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) wave prediction system. Results show that 1- and 2-day forecasts from NCEP have good skill in predicting wave heights and periods. NCEP's system provides a better representation of measured wave periods, relative to the GLERL model in most conditions. Wave heights during storms, however, are consistently underestimated by NCEP's current operational system, whereas the GLERL model provides close agreement with observations. Research efforts to develop new wave-growth parameterizations and overcome this limitation have led to upgrades to the WAVEWATCH III model, scheduled to become operational at NCEP in 2013. Results are presented from numerical experiments made with the new wave-model physics, showing significant improvements to the skill of NCEP's Great Lakes wave forecasting system in predicting storm wave heights. C1 [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.] Syst Res Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.; Chawla, Arun; Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Schwab, David; Lang, Gregory] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mann, Greg] NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Detroit, MI USA. RP Alves, JHGM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM henrique.alves@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1497 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00049.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5ZG UT WOS:000346348800013 ER PT J AU Ruzybayev, I Baik, SS Rumaiz, AK Sterbinsky, GE Woicik, JC Choi, HJ Shah, SI AF Ruzybayev, Inci Baik, Seung Su Rumaiz, Abdul. K. Sterbinsky, G. E. Woicik, J. C. Choi, Hyoung Joon Shah, S. Ismat TI Electronic structure of C and N co-doped TiO2: A combined hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory study SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYSIS; NITROGEN; RUTILE; FILMS AB We have studied the electronic structure of C and N co-doped TiO2 using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal overlap of the 2p states of O, N, and C in the system which shifts the valence band maximum towards the Fermi level. Combined with optical data we show that co-doping is an effective route for band gap reduction in TiO2. Comparison of the measured valence band with theoretical photoemission density of states reveals the possibility of C on Ti and N on O site. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ruzybayev, Inci; Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Baik, Seung Su; Choi, Hyoung Joon] Yonsei Univ, Ctr Computat Studies Adv Elect Mat Properties, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Baik, Seung Su; Choi, Hyoung Joon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Baik, Seung Su; Choi, Hyoung Joon] Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Rumaiz, Abdul. K.; Sterbinsky, G. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rumaiz, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rumaiz@bnl.gov RI Choi, Hyoung Joon/N-8933-2015 OI Choi, Hyoung Joon/0000-0001-8565-8597 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NRF of Korea [2011-0018306]; KISTI Supercomputing Center [KSC-2013-C3-062] FX The authors acknowledge Dr Erik Muller, Department of Physics, Stony Brook University for the convolution routine. The work was performed in National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory which was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S.S.B. and H.J.C. were supported by the NRF of Korea (Grant No. 2011-0018306). Computational resources have been provided by KISTI Supercomputing Center (Project No. KSC-2013-C3-062). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 22 AR 221605 DI 10.1063/1.4902994 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AW4QH UT WOS:000346265200023 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Tona, A Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Tona, Alessandro Plant, Anne L. TI High resolution surface plasmon resonance imaging for single cells SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmon; Imaging; Microscope; Resolution; Cells; Focal adhesions; Penetration depth; Microspheres ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; EVANESCENT FIELD; FOCAL ADHESIONS; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; REFLECTION; POLARITONS; MIGRATION AB Background: Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is a label-free technique that can image refractive index changes at an interface. We have previously used SPRI to study the dynamics of cell-substratum interactions. However, characterization of spatial resolution in 3 dimensions is necessary to quantitatively interpret SPR images. Spatial resolution is complicated by the asymmetric propagation length of surface plasmons in the x and y dimensions leading to image degradation in one direction. Inferring the distance of intracellular organelles and other subcellular features from the interface by SPRI is complicated by uncertainties regarding the detection of the evanescent wave decay into cells. This study provides an experimental basis for characterizing the resolution of an SPR imaging system in the lateral and distal dimensions and demonstrates a novel approach for resolving sub-micrometer cellular structures by SPRI. The SPRI resolution here is distinct in its ability to visualize subcellular structures that are in proximity to a surface, which is comparable with that of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy but has the advantage of no fluorescent labels. Results: An SPR imaging system was designed that uses a high numerical aperture objective lens to image cells and a digital light projector to pattern the angle of the incident excitation on the sample. Cellular components such as focal adhesions, nucleus, and cellular secretions are visualized. The point spread function of polymeric nanoparticle beads indicates near-diffraction limited spatial resolution. To characterize the z-axis response, we used micrometer scale polymeric beads with a refractive index similar to cells as reference materials to determine the detection limit of the SPR field as a function of distance from the substrate. Multi-wavelength measurements of these microspheres show that it is possible to tailor the effective depth of penetration of the evanescent wave into the cellular environment. Conclusion: We describe how the use of patterned incident light provides SPRI at high spatial resolution, and we characterize a finite limit of detection for penetration depth. We demonstrate the application of a novel technique that allows unprecedented subcellular detail for SPRI, and enables a quantitative interpretation of SPRI for subcellular imaging. C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Tona, Alessandro; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peterson, AW (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.peterson@nist.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 71 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 15 AR 35 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-15-35 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AW5GS UT WOS:000346304500001 PM 25441447 ER PT J AU Bostwick, A Higgins, BM Landry, AM Mccracken, ML AF Bostwick, Angela Higgins, Benjamin M. Landry, Andre M., Jr. Mccracken, Marti L. TI Novel Use of a Shark Model to Elicit Innate Behavioral Responses in Sea Turtles: Application to Bycatch Reduction in Commercial Fisheries SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; sea turtle; predator avoidance; bycatch reduction; gear modification; fishery interaction ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERIES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; VISUAL CUES; MORTALITY; PREDATOR; ESCAPE; DESALINATION; RECOGNITION; PERSPECTIVE; POPULATION AB Sea turtle bycatch in commercial fisheries is a serious global problem. An estimated 250,000 loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles are taken each year as incidental catch by the pelagic longline fishing industry. Studies have examined various deterrents for their potential to repel sea turtles from the vicinity of fishing operations; visual deterrents such as shark models/silhouettes and gillnet illumination have shown the most promise. However, given the difficulty of directly observing sea turtle behavior in the wild, laboratory trials are crucial for characterizing the sea turtle response to shark models. The present study examined the response of 42 captive-reared juvenile loggerhead sea turtles to a shark model in a controlled laboratory setting. Loggerheads exhibited defensive behavior toward the shark model, taking significantly more time to bite squid bait beneath the shark model than that for squid beneath a control object (sphere) and bare squid. Also, the turtles approached the shark model less often and exhibited more defensive carapace turns toward the shark model. Although the shark model in this study elicited avoidance behavior in loggerhead sea turtles, further research is needed to identify plausible applications, which would reduce sea turtle bycatch while maintaining target fish catch rates. It may be possible to develop a "Children's Day Koinobori kite'' (a three-dimensional kite) in the shape of a shark that would unfurl and "fly'' underwater and could possibly clip to main or float lines in commercial fisheries. C1 [Bostwick, Angela; Landry, Andre M., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Bostwick, Angela; Landry, Andre M., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Higgins, Benjamin M.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Mccracken, Marti L.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bostwick, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM ABostwick1@gmail.com; Ben.Higgins@noaa.gov; Landrya@tamug.edu; Marti.Mccracken@noaa.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act Section 10a(1) a Scientific Research Permit [TE-676379-4] FX We thank the staff of the NOAA Sea Turtle Facility. Also, thanks to R. Brill and Y. Swimmer for funding the initial shark model trials through the Pelagic Fish and Sea Turtle Sensory Biology Group. Additionally, we thank J. Wang and K. Lohmann for advice on the experimental design and S. Johnsen for advice on the color of the tank and counter-shading of the shark model. Thank you to student volunteers D. Dukes, K. Shea, L. Wilson, and C. Snapp for their assistance with this project. This work was conducted under US Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act Section 10a(1) a Scientific Research Permit TE-676379-4 and complied with all institutional animal care guidelines. At the time, the NMFS did not issue IACUC approvals but always complied with US FWS and State of Florida requirements for holding sea turtles. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AW2PY UT WOS:000346132000012 ER PT J AU Bangen, S Wheaton, J Bouwes, N Jordan, C Volk, C Ward, MB AF Bangen, Sara Wheaton, Joe Bouwes, Nicolaas Jordan, Chris Volk, Carol Ward, Michael B. TI Crew variability in topographic surveys for monitoring wadeable streams: a case study from the Columbia River Basin SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE DEM; geomorphic change detection; total station; precision; observer variability ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE; AUTOMATED CORRECTION; CHANNEL TOPOGRAPHY; DEPOSITION VOLUMES; PEBBLE COUNTS; HABITAT; ATTRIBUTES AB Digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from ground-based topographic surveys have become ubiquitous in the field of fluvial geomorphology. Their wide application in spatially explicit analysis includes hydraulic modeling, habitat modeling, and morphological sediment budgeting. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the repeatability and precision of DEMs derived from ground-based surveys conducted by different, and inherently subjective, observers. This is of particular concern when we consider the proportion of studies and monitoring programs that are implemented across multiple sites and over time by different observers. We used a case study from the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Program (CHaMP), where seven field crews sampled the same six sites, to quantify the magnitude and effect of observer variability on DEMs interpolated from total station surveys. We quantified the degree to which DEM-derived metrics and measured geomorphic change were repeatable. Across all six sites, we found an average elevation standard deviation of 0.05m among surveys, and a mean total range of 0.16m. A variance partition between site, crew, and unexplained errors for several topographically derived metrics showed that crew variability never accounted for>1.5% of the total variability. We calculated minor geomorphic changes at one site following a relatively dry flow year between 2012 and 2011. Calculated changes were minimal (unthresholded net changes +/- 1-3cm) with six crews detecting an indeterminate sediment budget and one crew detecting a minor net erosional sediment budget. While crew variability does influence the quality of topographic surveys, this study highlights that when consistent surveying methods are employed, the data sets are still sufficient to support derivation of topographic metrics and conduct basic geomorphic change detection. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bangen, Sara; Wheaton, Joe; Bouwes, Nicolaas] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT USA. [Jordan, Chris] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Volk, Carol] South Fork Res Inc, North Bend, WA USA. [Ward, Michael B.] Terraqua Inc, Wauconda, WA USA. RP Bangen, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill,NR 210, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sara.bangen@aggiemail.usu.edu RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU Bonneville Power Administration as part of the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Program (CHaMP) [2011-06]; Integrated Status and Effectives Monitoring Program (BPA Project) through Eco Logical Research, Inc. [2003-017] FX The fieldwork was funded by Bonneville Power Administration (Project Number: 2011-06), as part of the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Program (CHaMP) (http://champmonitoring.org). The Integrated Status and Effectives Monitoring Program (BPA Project Number: 2003-017) through a subcontract from Eco Logical Research, Inc. to the Utah State University Ecogeomorphology and Topographic Analysis Lab provided funding for analysis and supported the lead author. The authors wish to thank the CHaMP field crews involved with collecting data in the Grande Ronde River Basin, which included six crews from the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Eco Logical Research Inc., the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife, Quantitative Consultants Inc., Tetratech Inc., and Terraqua Inc. Kelly Whitehead at South Fork Research Inc. was instrumental in compiling the datasets. The paper benefited greatly from comments and suggestions by Elijah Portugal, David Milan, and Robert Al-Chokhachy. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 39 IS 15 BP 2070 EP 2086 DI 10.1002/esp.3600 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AW0LC UT WOS:000345982700007 ER PT J AU Hess, JE Caudill, CC Keefer, ML McIlraith, BJ Moser, ML Narum, SR AF Hess, Jon E. Caudill, Christopher C. Keefer, Matthew L. McIlraith, Brian J. Moser, Mary L. Narum, Shawn R. TI Genes predict long distance migration and large body size in a migratory fish, Pacific lamprey SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anadromous fishes; association study; hydrosystem; migratory species; translocation ID GIRDLE MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; JOUBERT SYNDROME; MUTATIONS CAUSE; CHINOOK SALMON; SEA LAMPREY; IDENTIFICATION AB Elucidation of genetic mechanisms underpinning migratory behavior could help predict how changes in genetic diversity may affect future spatiotemporal distribution of a migratory species. This ability would benefit conservation of one such declining species, anadromous Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus). Nonphilopatric migration of adult Pacific lamprey has homogenized population-level neutral variation but has maintained adaptive variation that differentiates groups based on geography, run-timing and adult body form. To investigate causes for this adaptive divergence, we examined 647 adult lamprey sampled at a fixed location on the Columbia River and radiotracked during their subsequent upstream migration. We tested whether genetic variation [94 neutral and adaptive single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified from a genomewide association study] was associated with phenotypes of migration distance, migration timing, or morphology. Three adaptive markers were strongly associated with morphology, and one marker also correlated with upstream migration distance and timing. Genes physically linked with these markers plausibly influence differences in body size, which is also consistently associated with migration distance in Pacific lamprey. Pacific lamprey conservation implications include the potential to predict an individual's upstream destination based on its genotype. More broadly, the results suggest a genetic basis for intrapopulation variation in migration distance in migratory species. C1 [Hess, Jon E.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Caudill, Christopher C.; Keefer, Matthew L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [McIlraith, Brian J.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Portland, OR USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hess, JE (reprint author), Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM hesj@critfc.org RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014; Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012 OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X FU Bonneville Power Administration; US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District FX We are grateful to Nick Hoffman and Lori Maxwell for the collection of genetic data, Eric Johnson, Dan Joosten, Steve Lee, Chris Noyes, George Naughton, Howard Pennington, Dennis Quaempts, Jeremy Roos, Chris Bare, and Ben Ho for conducting sampling of Pacific lamprey at Bonneville Dam, and Karen Johnson and Eric Johnson for organizing the metadata. Chris Peery, Travis Dick, Mark Morasch, Carol Morat, Brian Burke, Kinsey Frick, Tami Clabough, and Mike Jepson helped with radiotelemetry data collection, management, and interpretation. This study was funded by Bonneville Power Administration, and reprogrammed for use by this study with coordination from David A. Close at the University of British Columbia. Genetic samples were collected in conjunction with studies funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. The comments from two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor were helpful for improving a previous version of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1192 EP 1208 DI 10.1111/eva.12203 PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA AW1WO UT WOS:000346079400004 PM 25558280 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Gordon, JA Jefferts, S Schwarzkopf, A Anderson, DA Miller, SA Thaicharoen, N Raithel, G AF Holloway, Christopher L. Gordon, Joshua A. Jefferts, Steven Schwarzkopf, Andrew Anderson, David A. Miller, Stephanie A. Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee Raithel, Georg TI Broadband Rydberg Atom-Based Electric-Field Probe for SI-Traceable, Self-Calibrated Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Atom based metrology; Autler-Townes splitting; broadband sensor and probe; electrical field measurements and sensor; electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT); Rydberg atoms; sub-wavelength imaging ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-INDUCED-TRANSPARENCY; RESONANCES AB We discuss a fundamentally new approach for the measurement of electric (E) fields that will lead to the development of a broadband, direct SI-traceable, compact, self-calibrating E-field probe (sensor). This approach is based on the interaction of radio frequency (RF) fields with alkali atoms excited to Rydberg states. The RF field causes an energy splitting of the Rydberg states via the Autler-Townes effect and we detect the splitting via electromagnetically induced transparency. In effect, alkali atoms placed in a vapor cell act like an RF-to-optical transducer, converting an RF E-field strength measurement to an optical frequency measurement. We demonstrate the broadband nature of this approach by showing that one small vapor cell can be used to measure E-field strengths over a wide range of frequencies: 1 GHz to 500 GHz. The technique is validated by comparing experimental data to both numerical simulations and far-field calculations for various frequencies. We also discuss various applications, including: a direct traceable measurement, the ability to measure both weak and strong field strengths, compact form factors of the probe, and sub-wavelength imaging and field mapping. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Jefferts, Steven] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarzkopf, Andrew; Anderson, David A.; Miller, Stephanie A.; Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee; Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov OI Raithel, Georg/0000-0002-2005-8440 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the QuASAR Program FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the QuASAR Program. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 62 IS 12 BP 6169 EP 6182 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2360208 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AU8LY UT WOS:000345849100025 ER PT J AU Jiao, GF Lu, JW Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Cheung, KP Young, CD Bersuker, G AF Jiao, G. F. Lu, J. W. Campbell, J. P. Ryan, J. T. Cheung, Kin P. Young, C. D. Bersuker, G. TI Device-Level Experimental Observations of NBTI-Induced Random Timing Jitter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Eye diagram; jitter; NBTI; reliability ID BIAS-TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; DEGRADATION AB This paper utilizes device-level eye-diagram measurements to examine negative bias temperature instability (NBTI)-induced changes in timing jitter at circuit speeds. The measured jitter is examined for a variety of ring oscillator and pseudorandom gate patterns. The ring oscillator patterns were chosen to mimic typical NBTI reliability characterizations, whereas the pseudorandom patterns act as an approximation for real-world random logic. Our observations indicate that NBTI-induced jitter is gate pattern dependent and most severe for the pseudorandom case. Collectively, this paper strongly suggests that typical NBTI ring oscillator characterization methods are insensitive to random logic timing jitter. C1 [Jiao, G. F.; Lu, J. W.; Campbell, J. P.; Ryan, J. T.; Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, C. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Bersuker, G.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Jiao, GF (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 EI 1558-2574 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2014.2354339 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AW0LT UT WOS:000345984600006 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Howe, David A. TI PM Noise Measurement at W-Band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; GENERATION; OSCILLATOR; RADAR AB We report a high-performance 92 to 96 GHz cross-spectrum phase modulation (PM) noise measurement system. Utilizing this system, we measured residual PM noise of several amplifiers, mixers, and frequency multipliers. Data for the measurement system noise floor and the PM noise of W-band components are reported. These results can serve as a temporary benchmark because little or no information is available on the PM noise of components in this frequency range. In addition, we discuss an enhanced-performance frequency synthesizer that operates in the 92 to 96 GHz range. We achieved 5 to 10 dB improvement in the PM noise at 96 GHz compared with our previously designed synthesizer. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Howe, David A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Phys Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2014 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1961 EP 1966 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.006647 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA AU9XF UT WOS:000345944300004 PM 25474772 ER PT J AU Li, X Do, C Liu, Y Sanchez-Diaz, L Smith, G Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Do, Changwoo Liu, Yun Sanchez-Diaz, Luis Smith, Gregory Chen, Wei-Ren TI A scattering function of star polymers including excluded volume effects SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BRANCHED POLYMERS; SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WORMLIKE MICELLES; DILUTE-SOLUTION; SIMULATION; SANS AB This work presents a new model for the form factor of a star polymer consisting of self-avoiding branches. This new model incorporates excluded volume effects and is derived from the two-point correlation function for a star polymer. This model is compared with small-angle neutron scattering measurements from polystyrene stars immersed in a good solvent, tetrahydrofuran. It is shown that this model provides a good description of the scattering signature originating from the excluded volume effect, and it explicitly elucidates the connection between the global conformation of a star polymer and the local stiffness of its constituent branch. C1 [Li, Xin; Do, Changwoo; Sanchez-Diaz, Luis; Smith, Gregory; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Do, Changwoo] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. The EQSANS experiment at the SNS at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We also acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. In their own activities as scientific institutions, NIST and ORNL use many different materials, products, types of equipment and services. However, NIST and ORNL do not approve, recommend or endorse any product or proprietary material. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1901 EP 1905 DI 10.1107/S1600576714022249 PN 6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AU8XY UT WOS:000345877900011 ER PT J AU Wernecke, J Krumrey, M Hoell, A Kline, RJ Liu, HK Wu, WL AF Wernecke, Jan Krumrey, Michael Hoell, Armin Kline, R. Joseph Liu, Hung-Kung Wu, Wen-Li TI Traceable GISAXS measurements for pitch determination of a 25 nm self-assembled polymer grating SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY; OFF-SPECULAR REFLECTION; MULTILAYER GRATINGS; FLAT INTERFACES; NANOMETER-SCALE; THIN-FILMS; ANGLE; METROLOGY; PATTERNS AB The feature sizes of only a few nanometres in modern nanotechnology and next-generation microelectronics continually increase the demand for suitable nanometrology tools. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is a versatile technique to measure lateral and vertical sizes in the nanometre range, but the traceability of the obtained parameters, which is a prerequisite for any metrological measurement, has not been demonstrated so far. In this work, the first traceable GISAXS measurements, demonstrated with a self-assembled block copolymer grating structure with a nominal pitch of 25 nm, are reported. The different uncertainty contributions to the obtained pitch value of 24.83 (9) nm are discussed individually. The main uncertainty contribution results from the sample-detector distance and the pixel size measurement, whereas the intrinsic asymmetry of the scattering features is of minor relevance for the investigated grating structure. The uncertainty analysis provides a basis for the evaluation of the uncertainty of GISAXS data in a more general context, for example in numerical data modeling. C1 [Wernecke, Jan; Krumrey, Michael] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Hoell, Armin] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie HZB, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Kline, R. Joseph; Liu, Hung-Kung; Wu, Wen-Li] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wernecke, J (reprint author), PTB, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM jan.wernecke@ptb.de RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011 NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1912 EP 1920 DI 10.1107/S1600576714021050 PN 6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AU8XY UT WOS:000345877900013 ER PT J AU Gagin, A Levin, I AF Gagin, Anton Levin, Igor TI A Bayesian approach to removal of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BACKGROUND ESTIMATION; NANOPARTICLES; SEPARATION AB A Bayesian statistics approach for subtraction of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data has been developed and implemented in a public domain software package. In this approach, the estimated background signal associated with incoherent scattering maximizes the posterior probability, which combines the likelihood of this signal in reciprocal and real spaces with the prior that favors smooth lines. The probability distributions are constructed according to the principle of maximum entropy. The method enables robust subtraction of incoherent-scattering backgrounds while providing estimated uncertainties for recovered signals. The developed procedure was first tested using simulated data and then demonstrated using three representative experimental data sets, collected on bulk materials and nanoparticles, featuring distinct ratios of coherent to incoherent scattering. C1 [Gagin, Anton; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This study has been initiated in collaboration with Charles R. Hogg III. The work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors are grateful to Joan Siewenie and Katharine Page (LANL) for their help collecting the neutron diffraction data. The data for the BaTiO3 nanoparticles [analyzed by Page et al. (2010)] were provided by Katharine Page. The Li-based garnet sample was prepared by Dennis Levin (NIST). The MgO samples were provided by Ben Maoz and Gil Markovich (University of Tel-Aviv). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 47 BP 2060 EP 2068 DI 10.1107/S1600576714023796 PN 6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AU8XY UT WOS:000345877900030 ER PT J AU Rochetin, N Lintner, BR Findell, KL Sobel, AH Gentine, P AF Rochetin, Nicolas Lintner, Benjamin R. Findell, Kirsten L. Sobel, Adam H. Gentine, Pierre TI Radiative-Convective Equilibrium over a Land Surface SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; WATER-CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEMS; VERTICAL WIND SHEARS; SOIL-MOISTURE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART II; HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES; CUMULUS CONVECTION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AB Radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) describes an idealized state of the atmosphere in which the vertical temperature profile is determined by a balance between radiative and convective fluxes. While RCE has been applied extensively over oceans, its application over the land surface has been limited. The present study explores the properties of RCE over land using an atmospheric single-column model (SCM) from the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique-Zoom, version 5B (LMDZ5B) general circulation model coupled in temperature and moisture to a land surface model using a simplified bucket model with finite moisture capacity. Given the presence of a large-amplitude diurnal heat flux cycle, the resultant RCE exhibits multiple equilibria when conditions are neither strictly water nor energy limited. By varying top-of-atmosphere insolation (through changes in latitude), total system water content, and initial temperature conditions the sensitivity of the land RCE states is assessed, with particular emphasis on the role of clouds. Based on this analysis, it appears that a necessary condition for the model to exhibit multiple equilibria is the presence of low-level clouds coupled to the diurnal cycle of radiation. In addition the simulated surface precipitation rate varies nonmonotonically with latitude as a result of a tradeoff between in-cloud rain rate and subcloud rain reevaporation, thus underscoring the importance of subcloud layer processes and unsaturated downdrafts. It is shown that clouds, especially at low levels, are key elements of the internal variability of the coupled land-atmosphere system through their feedback on radiation. C1 [Rochetin, Nicolas] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sobel, Adam H.; Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Gentine, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM pg2328@columbia.edu RI Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 FU NSF-AGS [1035843]; DOE-ASR [DE-SC0008720]; NSF [AGS-1008847] FX BRL and PG acknowledge funding support from NSF-AGS 1035843, PG acknowledges support from DOE-ASR DE-SC0008720, and AHS acknowledges support from NSF AGS-1008847. The authors thank Gilles Bellon, Christoph Schar, and Bjorn Stevens for stimulating discussions of this work and three anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and comments. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 23 BP 8611 EP 8629 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00654.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NC UT WOS:000346055100002 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Hoerling, MP Funk, C Blade, I Dole, RM Allured, D Quan, XW Pegion, P Eischeid, JK AF Liebmann, Brant Hoerling, Martin P. Funk, Chris Blade, Ileana Dole, Randall M. Allured, Dave Quan, Xiaowei Pegion, Philip Eischeid, Jon K. TI Understanding Recent Eastern Horn of Africa Rainfall Variability and Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; RAINY SEASONS; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; ENSO AB Observations and sea surface temperature (SST)-forced ECHAM5 simulations are examined to study the seasonal cycle of eastern Africa rainfall and its SST sensitivity during 1979-2012, focusing on interannual variability and trends. The eastern Horn is drier than the rest of equatorial Africa, with two distinct wet seasons, and whereas the October-December wet season has become wetter, the March-May season has become drier. The climatological rainfall in simulations driven by observed SSTs captures this bimodal regime. The simulated trends also qualitatively reproduce the opposite-sign changes in the two rainy seasons, suggesting that SST forcing has played an important role in the observed changes. The consistency between the sign of 1979-2012 trends and interannual SST-precipitation correlations is exploited to identify the most likely locations of SST forcing of precipitation trends in the model, and conceivably also in nature. Results indicate that the observed March-May drying since 1979 is due to sensitivity to an increased zonal gradient in SST between Indonesia and the central Pacific. In contrast, the October-December precipitation increase is mostly due to western Indian Ocean warming. The recent upward trend in the October-December wet season is rather weak, however, and its statistical significance is compromised by strong year-to-year fluctuations. October-December eastern Horn rain variability is strongly associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena on interannual scales, in both model and observations. The interannual October-December correlation between the ensemble-average and observed Horn rainfall 0.87. By comparison, interannual March-May Horn precipitation is only weakly constrained by SST anomalies. C1 [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave; Quan, Xiaowei; Pegion, Philip; Eischeid, Jon K.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave; Quan, Xiaowei; Pegion, Philip; Eischeid, Jon K.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Blade, Ileana] IC3, Barcelona, Spain. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM brant.liebmann@noaa.gov FU Spanish MICINN [DEVIAJE CGL2009-06944, COMETH CGL 2012-30641] FX IB was funded by Grants DEVIAJE CGL2009-06944 and COMETH CGL 2012-30641 of the Spanish MICINN. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 23 BP 8630 EP 8645 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00714.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NC UT WOS:000346055100003 ER PT J AU Bolinger, RA Kummerow, CD Doesken, NJ AF Bolinger, Rebecca A. Kummerow, Christian D. Doesken, Nolan J. TI Attribution and Characteristics of Wet and Dry Seasons in the Upper Colorado River Basin SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS; REANALYSIS; STREAMFLOW; PATTERNS; SCALE; ENSO AB Previous research has shown that the temperature and precipitation variability in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) is correlated with large-scale climate variability [i.e., El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)]. But this correlation is not very strong, suggesting the need to look beyond the statistics. Looking at monthly contributions across the basin, results show that February is least sensitive to variability, and a wet October could be a good predictor for a wet season. A case study of a wet and a dry year (with similar ENSO/PDO conditions) shows that the occurrence of a few large accumulating events is what drives the seasonal variability, and these large events can happen under a variety of synoptic conditions. Looking at several physical factors that can impact the amount of accumulation in any given event, it is found that large accumulating events (>10 mm in one day) are associated with westerly winds at all levels, higher wind speeds at all levels, and greater amounts of total precipitable water. The most important difference between a large accumulating and small accumulating event is the presence of a strong (>4 m s(-1)) low-level westerly wind. Because much more emphasis should be given to this more local feature, as opposed to large-scale variability, an accurate seasonal forecast for the basin is not producible at this time. C1 [Bolinger, Rebecca A.; Kummerow, Christian D.; Doesken, Nolan J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bolinger, RA (reprint author), NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM becky.bolinger@noaa.gov RI Bolinger, Rebecca/A-5994-2015 OI Bolinger, Rebecca/0000-0002-3410-9413 FU NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System FX The authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This research is funded by a grant from NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 23 BP 8661 EP 8673 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00618.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NC UT WOS:000346055100005 ER PT J AU Camargo, SJ Tippett, MK Sobel, AH Vecchi, GA Zhao, M AF Camargo, Suzana J. Tippett, Michael K. Sobel, Adam H. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zhao, Ming TI Testing the Performance of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Indices in Future Climates Using the HiRAM Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC HURRICANE DATABASE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; CMIP5 MODELS; ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS; REGRESSION-MODELS AB Tropical cyclone genesis indices (TCGIs) are functions of the large-scale environment that are designed to be proxies for the probability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. While the performance of TCGIs in the current climate can be assessed by direct comparison to TC observations, their ability to represent future TC activity based on projections of the large-scale environment cannot. Here the authors examine the performance of TCGIs in high-resolution atmospheric model simulations forced with sea surface temperatures (SST) of future, warmer climate scenarios. They investigate whether the TCGIs derived for the present climate can, when computed from large-scale fields taken from future climate simulations, capture the simulated global mean decreases in TC frequency. The TCGIs differ in their choice of environmental predictors, and several choices of predictors perform well in the present climate. However, some TCGIs that perform well in the present climate do not accurately reproduce the simulated future decrease in TC frequency. This decrease is captured when the humidity predictor is the column saturation deficit rather than relative humidity. Using saturation deficit with relative SST as the other thermodynamic predictor overpredicts the TC frequency decrease, while using potential intensity in place of relative SST as the other thermodynamic predictor gives a good prediction of the decrease's magnitude. These positive results appear to depend on the spatial and seasonal patterns in the imposed SST changes; none of the indices capture correctly the frequency decrease in simulations with spatially uniform climate forcings, whether a globally uniform increase in SST of 2K, or a doubling of CO2 with no change in SST. C1 [Camargo, Suzana J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10960 USA. [Tippett, Michael K.; Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhao, Ming] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Camargo, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10960 USA. EM suzana@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4320912, NA11OAR4300193]; NSF [AGS 1143959]; ONR [N00014-12-1-0911] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA Grants NA08OAR4320912 and NA11OAR4300193, NSF Grant AGS 1143959, and ONR Grant N00014-12-1-0911. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which significantly improved this paper. NR 82 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 24 BP 9171 EP 9196 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00505.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NK UT WOS:000346055900011 ER PT J AU Horn, M Walsh, K Zhao, M Camargo, SJ Scoccimarro, E Murakami, H Wang, H Ballinger, A Kumar, A Shaevitz, DA Jonas, JA Oouchi, K AF Horn, Michael Walsh, Kevin Zhao, Ming Camargo, Suzana J. Scoccimarro, Enrico Murakami, Hiroyuki Wang, Hui Ballinger, Andrew Kumar, Arun Shaevitz, Daniel A. Jonas, Jeffrey A. Oouchi, Kazuyoshi TI Tracking Scheme Dependence of Simulated Tropical Cyclone Response to Idealized Climate Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; MODELS; ARCHIVE AB Future tropical cyclone activity is a topic of great scientific and societal interest. In the absence of a climate theory of tropical cyclogenesis, general circulation models are the primary tool available for investigating the issue. However, the identification of tropical cyclones in model data at moderate resolution is complex, and numerous schemes have been developed for their detection. The influence of different tracking schemes on detected tropical cyclone activity and responses in the Hurricane Working Group experiments is examined herein. These are idealized atmospheric general circulation model experiments aimed at determining and distinguishing the effects of increased sea surface temperature and other increased CO2 effects on tropical cyclone activity. Two tracking schemes are applied to these data and the tracks provided by each modeling group are analyzed. The results herein indicate moderate agreement between the different tracking methods, with some models and experiments showing better agreement across schemes than others. When comparing responses between experiments, it is found that much of the disagreement between schemes is due to differences in duration, wind speed, and formation-latitude thresholds. After homogenization in these thresholds, agreement between different tracking methods is improved. However, much disagreement remains, accountable for by more fundamental differences between the tracking schemes. The results indicate that sensitivity testing and selection of objective thresholds are the key factors in obtaining meaningful, reproducible results when tracking tropical cyclones in climate model data at these resolutions, but that more fundamental differences between tracking methods can also have a significant impact on the responses in activity detected. C1 [Horn, Michael; Walsh, Kevin] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Zhao, Ming] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Shaevitz, Daniel A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Scoccimarro, Enrico; Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Scoccimarro, Enrico; Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Centro Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Murakami, Hiroyuki] IPRC MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Ballinger, Andrew] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Oouchi, Kazuyoshi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Horn, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Corner Swanston & Elgin St, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM mjhorn@student.unimelb.edu.au RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Murakami, Hiroyuki/L-5745-2015; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X FU NSF [AGS 1143959]; NASA [NNX09AK34G]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea FX The authors thank the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program, the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, and their respective institutions for supporting this work. Suzana Camargo, Dan Shaevitz, and Kevin Walsh are supported by NSF Grant AGS 1143959. Suzana Camargo is supported by NASA Grant NNX09AK34G. Enrico Scoccimarro acknowledges support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project. Thanks also to Sally Lavender of CSIRO for help with plotting software. We acknowledge also the support provided by Naomi Henderson, who compiled the HWG model output archive. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 24 BP 9197 EP 9213 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00200.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW1NK UT WOS:000346055900012 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Zhang, PF Ryzhkov, AV Zhang, J Chang, PL AF Wang, Yadong Zhang, Pengfei Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Zhang, Jian Chang, Pao-Liang TI Utilization of Specific Attenuation for Tropical Rainfall Estimation in Complex Terrain SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Rainfall; Radars; Radar observations ID BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; VERTICAL PROFILES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WEATHER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; CALIBRATION; PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D AB To improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in complex terrain, a new rainfall rate estimation algorithm has been developed and applied on two C-band dual-polarization radars in Taiwan. In this algorithm, the specific attenuation A is utilized in the rainfall rate R estimation, and the parameters used in the R(A) method were estimated using the local drop size distribution (DSD) and drop shape relation (DSR) observations. In areas of complex terrain where the lowest antenna tilt is completely blocked, observations from higher tilts are used in radar QPE. Correction of the vertical profile of rain rate estimated by the R(A) algorithm (VPRA) is applied to account for the vertical variability of rain. It has been found that the VPRA correction improved the accuracy of estimated rainfall in severely blocked areas. The R(A)-VPRA scheme was tested for different precipitation cases including typhoon, stratiform, and convective rain. Compared to existing rainfall estimation algorithms such as rainfall-reflectivity (R-Z) and rainfall-specific differential phase (R-K-DP), the new method is able to provide accurate and robust rainfall estimates when the radar reflectivity is miscalibrated or significantly biased by attenuation or when the lower tilt of the radar beam is significantly blocked. C1 [Wang, Yadong; Zhang, Pengfei; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Yadong; Zhang, Pengfei; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Jian] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Chang, Pao-Liang] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Dr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yadong.wang@noaa.gov FU Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA110AR4320072] FX This research is supported by funding from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China, and was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA110AR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Authors would like to thank Dr. Lin Tang provided many helpful comments and that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2250 EP 2266 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0003.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9FZ UT WOS:000345898400010 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Peters-Lidard, CD Mocko, D Reichle, R Liu, YQ Arsenault, KR Xia, YL Ek, M Riggs, G Livneh, B Cosh, M AF Kumar, Sujay V. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Mocko, David Reichle, Rolf Liu, Yuqiong Arsenault, Kristi R. Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael Riggs, George Livneh, Ben Cosh, Michael TI Assimilation of Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture and Snow Depth Retrievals for Drought Estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streamflow; Drought; Snow; Soil moisture; Data assimilation ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; WATER EQUIVALENT; RIVER-BASIN; STREAMFLOW FORECASTS; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; NATIONAL CENTERS AB The accurate knowledge of soil moisture and snow conditions is important for the skillful characterization of agricultural and hydrologic droughts, which are defined as deficits of soil moisture and streamflow, respectively. This article examines the influence of remotely sensed soil moisture and snow depth retrievals toward improving estimates of drought through data assimilation. Soil moisture and snow depth retrievals from a variety of sensors (primarily passive microwave based) are assimilated separately into the Noah land surface model for the period of 1979-2011 over the continental United States, in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) configuration. Overall, the assimilation of soil moisture and snow datasets was found to provide marginal improvements over the open-loop configuration. Though the improvements in soil moisture fields through soil moisture data assimilation were barely at the statistically significant levels, these small improvements were found to translate into subsequent small improvements in simulated streamflow. The assimilation of snow depth datasets were found to generally improve the snow fields, but these improvements did not always translate to corresponding improvements in streamflow, including some notable degradations observed in the western United States. A quantitative examination of the percentage drought area from root-zone soil moisture and streamflow percentiles was conducted against the U.S. Drought Monitor data. The results suggest that soil moisture assimilation provides improvements at short time scales, both in the magnitude and representation of the spatial patterns of drought estimates, whereas the impact of snow data assimilation was marginal and often disadvantageous. C1 [Kumar, Sujay V.; Mocko, David; Arsenault, Kristi R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David; Liu, Yuqiong; Arsenault, Kristi R.] NASA GSFC, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David; Reichle, Rolf] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Riggs, George] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Riggs, George] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cosh, Michael] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Mclean, VA USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Hydrol Sci Lab, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sujay.v.kumar@nasa.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division through the National Climate Assessment (NCA) project FX Funding for this work was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate's Earth Science Division through the National Climate Assessment (NCA) project. Computing was supported by the resources at the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The NLDAS-2 forcing data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). Part of the funding for this effort was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office MAPP program. Rolf Reichle was supported by the NASA program on the Science of Terra and Aqua. We are grateful to Dr. Gabrielle De Lannoy for the assistance with the reprocessed and quality-controlled SCAN soil moisture dataset and to Drs. Dorothy Hall and James Foster for their help with the development of snow depth retrieval products. NR 113 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2446 EP 2469 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0132.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9FZ UT WOS:000345898400020 ER PT J AU Stenz, R Dong, XQ Xi, BK Kuligowski, RJ AF Stenz, Ronald Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Kuligowski, Robert J. TI Assessment of SCaMPR and NEXRAD Q2 Precipitation Estimates Using Oklahoma Mesonet Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Microwave observations; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Surface observations ID RAIN-GAUGE DATA; UNITED-STATES; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; WEATHER RADAR; SYSTEM; QPE; ALGORITHM; MICROWAVE; HYDROLOGY AB Although satellite precipitation estimates provide valuable information for weather and flood forecasts, infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT)-based algorithms often produce large errors for precipitation detection and estimation during deep convective systems (DCSs). As DCSs produce greatly varying precipitation rates below similar IR BT retrievals, using IR BTs alone to estimate precipitation in DCSs is problematic. Classifying a DCS into convective-core (CC), stratiform (SR), and anvil cloud (AC) regions allows an evaluation of estimated precipitation distributions among DCS components to supplement typical quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) evaluations and to diagnose these IR-based algorithm biases. This paper assesses the performance of the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Next Generation Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System (NMQ Q2), and a simplified version of the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm, over the state of Oklahoma using Oklahoma Mesonet observations. While average annual Q2 precipitation estimates were about 35% higher than Mesonet observations, strong correlations exist between these two datasets for multiple temporal and spatial scales. Additionally, the Q2-estimated precipitation distribution among DCS components strongly resembled the Mesonet-observed distribution, indicating Q2 can accurately capture the precipitation characteristics of DCSs despite its wet bias. SCaMPR retrievals were typically 3-4 times higher than Mesonet observations, with relatively weak correlations during 2012. Overestimates from SCaMPR retrievals were primarily caused by precipitation retrievals from the anvil regions of DCSs when collocated Mesonet stations recorded no precipitation. A modified SCaMPR retrieval algorithm, employing both cloud optical depth and IR temperature, has the potential to make significant improvements to reduce the wet bias of SCaMPR retrievals over anvil regions of a DCS. C1 [Stenz, Ronald; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,MS 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117 FU NOAA GOES-R project [NA11NES440004]; DOE ASR [DE-SC0008468] FX Oklahoma Mesonet precipitation observations were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. The NEXRAD Q2 product was obtained from the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory. This research was primarily supported by NOAA GOES-R project with Award Number NA11NES440004 at the University of North Dakota. The University of North Dakota authors were also supported by DOE ASR project with Award Number DE-SC0008468. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2484 EP 2500 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0199.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9FZ UT WOS:000345898400022 ER PT J AU Hou, DC Charles, M Luo, Y Toth, Z Zhu, YJ Krzysztofowicz, R Lin, Y Xie, PP Seo, DJ Pena, M Cui, B AF Hou, Dingchen charles, Mike Luo, Yan Toth, Zoltan Zhu, Yuejian Krzysztofowicz, Roman Lin, Ying Xie, Pingping Seo, Dong-Jun Pena, Malaquias Cui, Bo TI Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis at Fine Scales: Statistical Adjustment of Stage IV toward CPC Gauge-Based Analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE North America; Rainfall; Climatology; Hydrometeorology; Algorithms; Statistical techniques ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; GLOBAL LAND PRECIPITATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; UNITED-STATES; DATASET; MODEL; VARIABILITY; FORECAST; GRIDS; BIAS AB Two widely used precipitation analyses are the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) unified global daily gauge analysis and Stage IV analysis based on quantitative precipitation estimate with multisensor observations. The former is based on gauge records with a uniform quality control across the entire domain and thus bears more confidence, but provides only 24-h accumulation at ?degrees resolution. The Stage IV dataset, on the other hand, has higher spatial and temporal resolution, but is subject to different methods of quality control and adjustments by different River Forecasting Centers. This article describes a methodology used to generate a new dataset by adjusting the Stage IV 6-h accumulations based on available joint samples of the two analyses to take advantage of both datasets. A simple linear regression model is applied to the archived historical Stage IV and the CPC datasets after the former is aggregated to the CPC grid and daily accumulation. The aggregated Stage IV analysis is then adjusted based on this linear model and then downscaled back to its original resolution. The new dataset, named Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis (CCPA), retains the spatial and temporal patterns of the Stage IV analysis while having its long-term average and climate probability distribution closer to that of the CPC analysis. The limitation of the methodology at some locations is mainly associated with heavy to extreme precipitation events, which the Stage IV dataset tends to underestimate. CCPA cannot effectively correct this because of the linear regression model and the relative scarcity of heavy precipitation in the training data sample. C1 [Hou, Dingchen; charles, Mike; Luo, Yan; Zhu, Yuejian; Lin, Ying; Pena, Malaquias; Cui, Bo] Environm Modeling Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [charles, Mike] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Luo, Yan; Pena, Malaquias; Cui, Bo] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Toth, Zoltan] Global Syst Div ESRL OAR NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Krzysztofowicz, Roman] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Xie, Pingping] Climate Predict Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Off Hydrol Dev NWS NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hou, DC (reprint author), Environm Modeling Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dingchen.hou@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU NOAA Office of Hydrological Development through the joint OHD/NCEP THORPEX- HYDRO plan FX The authors thank Stephan Lord, Bill Lapenta, John Ward, and Geoff Dimego for their support and advice with the methodology and datasets used in this research. Thanks are also due to Julie Demargne and John Schaake for discussions about the results of the study, to David Kitzmiller for discussions about the precipitation analysis processing at the RFCs, and to Sid Katz for discussions about gauge data used by the CPC analysis. Youlong Xia, Binbin Zhou, and three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. M. Charles and Y. Luo are supported by NOAA Office of Hydrological Development through the joint OHD/NCEP THORPEX- HYDRO plan. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2542 EP 2557 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0140.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9FZ UT WOS:000345898400025 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Akhmedova-Azizova, LA Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A. Azizov, Nazim D. TI Experimental Study of the Density and Derived Partial Molar Volumes of Ternary Water+1-Propanol + Potassium Nitrate Mixtures at Temperatures from (303 to 448) K and Pressures up to 35 MPa SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aqueous solutions; Constant volume piezometer; Density; Partial molar volumes; Potassium nitrate; 1-Propanol; Water ID ETHANOL PLUS WATER; 298.15 K; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; 30 MPA; APPARENT; PRESSURES; MIXTURES; NITRATE AB Densities of ternary water + 1-propanol + KNO3 mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 303 to 448 K and at pressures up to 35 MPa using a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. The effect of salt and alcohol concentrations on the ternary mixture densities and partial molar volumes were studied. The derived volumetric property such as partial molar volumes of the salt (KNO3, ) and the alcohol (1-propanol, ) were calculated using the measured values of the densities. The volumetric behavior of the ternary mixtures was interpreted in terms of changes in the water structure caused by the added alcohol and salt. It was shown that changes in the volumetric behavior of the complex solutions are the results of the structural changes in water structure caused by solutes (alcohol and salt). C1 [Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Akhmedova-Azizova, Lala A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Dept Ind Ecol & Ind Safety Properties Aqueous Sys, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Azizov, Nazim D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 EI 1572-8927 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2045 EP 2066 DI 10.1007/s10953-014-0252-6 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AW0FZ UT WOS:000345967800001 ER PT J AU Calderan, S Miller, B Collins, K Ensor, P Double, M Leaper, R Barlow, J AF Calderan, Susannah Miller, Brian Collins, Kym Ensor, Paul Double, Michael Leaper, Russell Barlow, Jay TI Low-frequency vocalizations of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) in the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Simultaneous sightings and acoustic detections of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) are scarce, and there are few published data describing their vocalizations. Analysis of recordings from directional frequency analysis and recording sonobuoys in the presence of sei whales in the Southern Ocean in March 2013 identified both downsweep and upsweep calls. Sound frequencies within all calls were between 34 and 87 Hz with an average call duration of 1.1 s. These very low-frequency sounds share characteristics with sei whale calls recorded near the Hawaiian Islands and off Cape Cod in winter and summer, respectively, but are the first documented sei whale calls in the Southern Ocean that are clearly less than 100 Hz. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Calderan, Susannah; Miller, Brian; Collins, Kym; Ensor, Paul; Double, Michael] Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Leaper, Russell] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Calderan, S (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM susannah.calderan@scoter.org; brian.miller@aad.gov.au; kymcollins77@gmail.com; paulensor@xtra.co.nz; mike.double@aad.gov.au; r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk; jay.barlow@noaa.gov FU Australian Antarctic Division team FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge the support of the Australian Antarctic Division team, both at sea and on land; the scientists and support staff on the voyage; Talley's Group Ltd. and Gardline Shipping Ltd. and the exceptional crew of FV Amaltal Explorer. Shannon Rankin provided many helpful comments on an earlier draft which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 136 IS 6 BP EL418 EP EL423 DI 10.1121/1.4902422 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AW0IX UT WOS:000345976500005 PM 25480092 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Dissipation of acoustic-gravity waves: An asymptotic approach SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE AB Acoustic-gravity waves in the middle and upper atmosphere and long-range propagation of infrasound are strongly affected by air viscosity and thermal conductivity. To characterize the wave dissipation, it is typical to consider idealized environments, which admit plane-wave solutions. Here, an asymptotic approach is developed that relies instead on the assumption that spatial variations of environmental parameters are gradual. It is found that realistic assumptions about the atmosphere lead to rather different predictions for wave damping than do the plane-wave solutions. A modification to the Sutherland-Bass model of infrasound absorption is proposed. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0348] FX Stimulating discussions with D. P. Drob and L. G. Evers are gratefully acknowledged. The author thanks V. E. Ostashev for insightful comments, which helped to improve the presentation. This work was supported, in part, by the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N00014-13-1-0348. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 136 IS 6 BP EL411 EP EL417 DI 10.1121/1.4902426 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AW0IX UT WOS:000345976500004 PM 25480091 ER PT J AU Phillips, VTJ Khain, A Benmoshe, N Ilotoviz, E AF Phillips, Vaughan T. J. Khain, Alexander Benmoshe, Nir Ilotoviz, Eyal TI Theory of Time-Dependent Freezing. Part I: Description of Scheme for Wet Growth of Hail SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GYRATING HAILSTONES; WIND-TUNNEL; MASS-TRANSFER; CLOUDS; MODEL; WATER; HEAT; PRECIPITATION; KINEMATICS; NUCLEATION AB At subzero temperatures, cloud particles can contain both ice and liquid water fractions. Wet growth of precipitation particles occurs when supercooled cloud liquid is accreted faster than it can freeze on impact. With a flexible framework, the theory of wet growth of hail is extended to the case of the inhomogeneities of surface temperature and of liquid coverage over the surface of the particle. The theory treats the heat fluxes between its wet and dry parts and radial heat fluxes from the sponge layer through the liquid skin to the air. The theory parameterizes effects of nonsphericity of hail particles on their growth by accretion. Gradual internal freezing of any liquid soaking the hail or graupel particle's interior during dry growth ("riming") is treated as well. In this way, the microphysical recycling envisaged by Pflaum in a paper in 1980 is treated, with alternating episodes of wet and dry growth. The present paper, the first of a two-part paper, describes the scheme to treat wet growth, accounting for dependencies on condensate content, temperature, and particle size. Comparison with the laboratory experiments is presented. C1 [Phillips, Vaughan T. J.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Khain, Alexander] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Benmoshe, Nir] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Benmoshe, Nir] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ilotoviz, Eyal] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Phillips, VTJ (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM vaughan.phillips@nateko.lu.se FU COST Short-Term Scientific Mission (STSM) from European Union; U.S. National Science Foundation (PDM program) [ATM-0852620]; U.S. Department of Energy [Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), ASR program] [DE-SC0002383]; Hebrew University [DE-SC0006788]; U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-S0006788, DE-SC0008811]; Bi-national U.S.-Israel Science Foundation [2010446] FX V. Phillips was supported by three COST Short-Term Scientific Mission (STSM) research grants from the European Union, by two awards related to ice microphysics from U.S. National Science Foundation (PDM program) (Award ATM-0852620) and U.S. Department of Energy [Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), ASR program (Award DE-SC0002383)], and by a subaward from Hebrew University (DE-SC0006788). The group of the Hebrew University is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-S0006788; DE-SC0008811) and by the Bi-national U.S.-Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446). The authors express their gratitude to Charles Knight and Andrew Heymsfield for advice on aspects of the scheme. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 133 EP 163 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0375.1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9BF UT WOS:000345886100009 ER PT J AU Lebo, ZJ AF Lebo, Zachary J. TI The Sensitivity of a Numerically Simulated Idealized Squall Line to the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PART I; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PRECIPITATION; IMPACT; MICROPHYSICS; INVIGORATION; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; VELOCITY AB Changes in the aerosol number concentration are reflected by changes in raindrop size and number concentration that ultimately affect the strength of cold pools via evaporation. Therefore, aerosol perturbations can potentially alter the balance between cold pool induced and low-level wind shear induced circulations. In the present work, simulations with increased aerosol loadings below approximately 3 km, between approximately 3 and 10 km, and at all vertical levels are performed to specifically address both the overall sensitivity of a squall line to the vertical distribution of aerosols and the extent to which low-level aerosols can affect the convective strength of the system. The results suggest that low-level aerosol perturbations have a negligible effect on the overall storm strength even though they act to enhance low-level latent heating rates. A tracer analysis shows that the low-level aerosols are either predominantly detrained at or below the freezing level or are rapidly lifted to the top of the troposphere or the lower stratosphere within the strongest convective cores. Moreover, it is shown that midlevel aerosol perturbations have nearly the same effect as perturbing the entire domain, increasing the convective updraft mass flux by more than 10%. These changes in strength are driven by a complex chain of events caused by smaller supercooled droplets, larger graupel, and larger raindrops. Combined, these changes tend to reduce the low-level bulk evaporation rate, thus weakening the cold pool and enhancing updraft strength. The results presented herein suggest that midlevel aerosol perturbations may exhibit a much larger effect on squall lines, at least in the context of this idealized framework. C1 [Lebo, Zachary J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lebo, Zachary J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lebo, ZJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD-2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zach.lebo@noaa.gov RI Lebo, Zachary/N-3374-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lebo, Zachary/0000-0002-1064-4833; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Advanced Study Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research by National Science Foundation FX The case presented here stems from a squall-line case study that was part of the Eighth International Cloud Modeling Workshop held in Warsaw, Poland. Funding for this work was provided by the Advanced Study Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is funded by the National Science Foundation, and NOAA's Climate Goal. A particular thank you goes to Hugh Morrison and Graham Feingold for their assistance with this work. Additionally, I would like to thank the four reviewers for providing useful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this paper. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0068.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU9BF UT WOS:000345886100011 ER PT J AU Adams, SM Levitan, ML Friedland, CJ AF Adams, Stuart M. Levitan, Marc L. Friedland, Carol J. TI High Resolution Imagery Collection for Post-Disaster Studies Utilizing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This paper examines the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to capture imagery for use in post-disaster field studies at the neighborhood and individual building level. A discussion of post-disaster imagery collection including satellite, aerial, and ground-based platforms is first presented. Applications of UAS in recent disasters as described in the literature are then surveyed, and a case study investigating UAS capabilities for imagery collection following an EF-3 tornado in northern Alabama on 02 March 2012 is presented. Case study considerations include the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipment and ground station, onboard imagery devices, flight considerations and capabilities, and imagery and metadata collection capabilities of the UAS. Sample post-tornado imagery of building damage is shown, demonstrating the order of magnitude improvement in imagery resolution compared to traditional post-disaster aerial photography. C1 [Adams, Stuart M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Levitan, Marc L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Natl Windstorm Impact Reduct Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Friedland, Carol J.] Louisiana State Univ, Bert S Turner Dept Construct Management, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3418 Patrick F Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sadam15@lsu.edu; marc.levitan@nist.gov; friedland@lsu.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 80 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1168 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AW0BH UT WOS:000345954900010 ER PT J AU Marvasti, A AF Marvasti, Akbar TI An estimation of the demand and supply for physician services using a panel data SO ECONOMIC MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Health care market; Simultaneous equations; Panel data ID MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH-CARE; COUNT DATA; PRICE; MARKET; TIME; SURGERY; MODEL; FIRM AB Using the single-equation and simultaneous equations methods, demand and supply for physician services at medical practices are estimated with panel data, which is primarily based on American Medical Association divisional surveys. Fixed effects and no-effects models are employed for estimation of the parameters of the simultaneous equations and their elasticities. The results suggest that the demand is highly income inelastic. However, private insurance and Medicaid raise the rate of utilization. The adverse effect of uninsured is also evident, though it is not as high as private insurance. Evidence also supports the demand inducement hypothesis and points to the rising demand for health care as the U.S. population is aging. The supply function parameters generally demonstrate their expected pattern. It is notable that the malpractice liability premiums exhibit a negligible effect on the supply of office visits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM akbar.marvasti@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0264-9993 EI 1873-6122 J9 ECON MODEL JI Econ. Model. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.08.008 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AU7US UT WOS:000345807300029 ER PT J AU Griffiths, JR Schindler, DE Armstrong, JB Scheuerell, MD Whited, DC Clark, RA Hilborn, R Holt, CA Lindley, ST Stanford, JA Volk, EC AF Griffiths, Jennifer R. Schindler, Daniel E. Armstrong, Jonathan B. Scheuerell, Mark D. Whited, Diane C. Clark, Robert A. Hilborn, Ray Holt, Carrie A. Lindley, Steven T. Stanford, Jack A. Volk, Eric C. TI Performance of salmon fishery portfolios across western North America SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; ecosystem; geomorphology; management; portfolio effect; Sharpe ratio; stability; watersheds ID PACIFIC SALMON; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; WILD; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; SCALE AB Quantifying the variability in the delivery of ecosystem services across the landscape can be used to set appropriate management targets, evaluate resilience and target conservation efforts. Ecosystem functions and services may exhibit portfolio-type dynamics, whereby diversity within lower levels promotes stability at more aggregated levels. Portfolio theory provides a framework to characterize the relative performance among ecosystems and the processes that drive differences in performance. We assessed Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. portfolio performance across their native latitudinal range focusing on the reliability of salmon returns as a metric with which to assess the function of salmon ecosystems and their services to humans. We used the Sharpe ratio (e.g. the size of the total salmon return to the portfolio relative to its variability (risk)) to evaluate the performance of Chinook and sockeye salmon portfolios across the west coast of North America. We evaluated the effects on portfolio performance from the variance of and covariance among salmon returns within each portfolio, and the association between portfolio performance and watershed attributes. We found a positive latitudinal trend in the risk-adjusted performance of Chinook and sockeye salmon portfolios that also correlated negatively with anthropogenic impact on watersheds (e.g. dams and land-use change). High-latitude Chinook salmon portfolios were on average 25 times more reliable, and their portfolio risk was mainly due to low variance in the individual assets. Sockeye salmon portfolios were also more reliable at higher latitudes, but sources of risk varied among the highest performing portfolios.Synthesis and applications. Portfolio theory provides a straightforward method for characterizing the resilience of salmon ecosystems and their services. Natural variability in portfolio performance among undeveloped watersheds provides a benchmark for restoration efforts. Locally and regionally, assessing the sources of portfolio risk can guide actions to maintain existing resilience (protect habitat and disturbance regimes that maintain response diversity; employ harvest strategies sensitive to different portfolio components) or improve restoration activities. Improving our understanding of portfolio reliability may allow for management of natural resources that is robust to ongoing environmental change. Portfolio theory provides a straightforward method for characterizing the resilience of salmon ecosystems and their services. Natural variability in portfolio performance among undeveloped watersheds provides a benchmark for restoration efforts. Locally and regionally, assessing the sources of portfolio risk can guide actions to maintain existing resilience (protect habitat and disturbance regimes that maintain response diversity; employ harvest strategies sensitive to different portfolio components) or improve restoration activities. Improving our understanding of portfolio reliability may allow for management of natural resources that is robust to ongoing environmental change. C1 [Griffiths, Jennifer R.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Whited, Diane C.; Stanford, Jack A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Clark, Robert A.; Volk, Eric C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Holt, Carrie A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Griffiths, JR (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM jeng@uw.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation Coupled Natural Human Systems Program FX Funding for this synthesis was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation Coupled Natural Human Systems Program. We thank Michael Webster for the encouragement to pursue it. We appreciate the assistance of many people who responded to our requests for data including: Brett Barkdull, Bill Bosch, Aaron Bosworth, Steve Cox-Rogers, Anthony Fritts, Larry Gilbertson, Sue Grant, Steve Heinl, Tracey Hillman, Paul Hoffarth, Damon Holzer, Steve Latham, Maija Meneks, Todd Miller, Louise de Mestral Bezanson, Steve Moffitt, Michelle Moore, Andrew Murdoch, Chuck Parken, Jim Ruzycki, Jason Seals, Toz Soto, Adam St. Savior, Wayne Vandernaald, Joe Zendt. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1563 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12341 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6ID UT WOS:000345706100010 ER PT J AU Harrison, MD Miller, AJ Groffman, PM Mayer, PM Kaushal, SS AF Harrison, Melanie D. Miller, Andrew J. Groffman, Peter M. Mayer, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. TI HYDROLOGIC CONTROLS ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS DYNAMICS IN RELICT OXBOW WETLANDS ADJACENT TO AN URBAN RESTORED STREAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE denitrification; hydrology; nitrogen; phosphorus; stream restoration; wetlands; urban ID UPPER KLAMATH LAKE; NUTRIENT RETENTION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RESTORATION WETLAND; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; RIVERINE WETLANDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DEGRADED URBAN; DENITRIFICATION AB Although wetlands are known to be sinks for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), their function in urban watersheds remains unclear. We analyzed water and nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) dynamics during precipitation events in two oxbow wetlands that were created during geomorphic stream restoration in Baltimore County, Maryland that varied in the nature and extent of connectivity to the adjacent stream. Oxbow 1 (Ox1) received 1.6-4.2% and Oxbow 2 (Ox2) received 4.2-7.4% of cumulative streamflow during storm events from subsurface seepage (Ox1) and surface flow (Ox2). The retention time of incoming stormwater ranged from 0.2 to 6.7days in Ox1 and 1.8 to 4.3days in Ox2. Retention rates in the wetlands ranged from 0.25 to 2.74gN/m(2)/day in Ox1 and 0.29 to 1.94gN/m(2)/day in Ox2. Percent retention of the NO3--N load that entered the wetlands during the storm events ranged from 64 to 87% and 23 to 26%, in Ox1 and Ox2, respectively. During all four storm events, Ox1 and Ox2 were a small net source of dissolved PO43- to the adjacent stream (i.e., more P exited than entered the wetland), releasing P at a rate of 0.23-20.83mgP/m(2)/day and 3.43-24.84mgP/m(2)/day, respectively. N and P removal efficiency of the oxbows were regulated by hydrologic connectivity, hydraulic loading, and retention time. Incidental oxbow wetlands have potential to receive urban stream and storm flow and to be significant N sinks, but they may be sources of P in urban watersheds. C1 [Harrison, Melanie D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Miller, Andrew J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Geog & Environm Syst, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12454 USA. [Mayer, Paul M.] US EPA, Ecol Effects Branch, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Harrison, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Reg Protected Resources Div, 777 Sonoma Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM melanie.harrison@noaa.gov OI Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [CR829676]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-0423476]; NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0549469]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure [DBI 06-40300]; NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP) FX This research was supported by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (CR829676), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB-0423476), the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (0549469), Maryland Sea Grant (SA7528085-U), the NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI 06-40300), and the NOAA Educational Partnership Graduate Science Program (GSP). We thank Dan Dillon, Dave Lewis, Lisa Martel, Daniel Jones, Gwendolyn Sivirichi, Melissa Grese, Tamara Newcomer, Emma Noonan, Yvette Williams, and Charlene Gavette for assistance with field and laboratory work, and Christopher Swan for thoughtful comments and review of the manuscript. This manuscript has been subjected to USEPA review, but does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/jawr.12193 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AU7IJ UT WOS:000345773900001 ER PT J AU Ruegg, KC Anderson, EC Paxton, KL Apkenas, V Lao, S Siegel, RB Desante, DF Moore, F Smith, TB AF Ruegg, Kristen C. Anderson, Eric C. Paxton, Kristina L. Apkenas, Vanessa Lao, Sirena Siegel, Rodney B. Desante, David F. Moore, Frank Smith, Thomas B. TI Mapping migration in a songbird using high-resolution genetic markers SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; neotropical migrant; RAD-sequencing; wildlife management ID WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; LAND BIRDS; NEW-WORLD; CONNECTIVITY; TRACKING; GENOME; DNA AB Neotropic migratory birds are declining across the Western Hemisphere, but conservation efforts have been hampered by the inability to assess where migrants are most limitedthe breeding grounds, migratory stopover sites or wintering areas. A major challenge has been the lack of an efficient, reliable and broadly applicable method for measuring the strength of migratory connections between populations across the annual cycle. Here, we show how high-resolution genetic markers can be used to identify genetically distinct groups of a migratory bird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla), at fine enough spatial scales to facilitate assessing regional drivers of demographic trends. By screening 1626 samples using 96 highly divergent single nucleotide polymorphisms selected from a large pool of candidates (similar to 450000), we identify novel region-specific migratory routes and timetables of migration along the Pacific Flyway. Our results illustrate that high-resolution genetic markers are more reliable, precise and amenable to high throughput screening than previously described intrinsic marking techniques, making them broadly applicable to large-scale monitoring and conservation of migratory organisms. C1 [Ruegg, Kristen C.; Lao, Sirena; Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ruegg, Kristen C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.; Apkenas, Vanessa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Paxton, Kristina L.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Paxton, Kristina L.; Moore, Frank] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Siegel, Rodney B.; Desante, David F.] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Smith, Thomas B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ruegg, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kruegg@ucsc.edu OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0003-1326-0840 FU California Institute for the Energy and the Environment [POEA01-Z01]; Turner Foundation; EPA [RD-83377801]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0844703]; USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; National Park Service; USDA Forest Service FX We would like to thank J.C. Garza at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for use of laboratory space and equipment and the qb3 Genomics Sequencing Laboratory for their assistance with sequencing. This research was supported by a grant to K.C. Ruegg from the California Institute for the Energy and the Environment (POEA01-Z01), a donation from Margery Nicolson, a grant to T.B. Smith from The Turner Foundation, EPA (RD-83377801), and a grant to F. Moore from the National Science Foundation (IOS-0844703). We would also like to thank J. Boone and T. Atwood for their assistance with the laboratory and bioinformatics components of the assay design, the many LaMNA, MAPS and MoSI station operators who contributed avian tissue samples, C.J. Ralph, L. West, D. Kaschube, P. Pyle, J. Saracco and R. Taylor for coordinating sampling efforts and R. Fleischer at CCEG for contributing genetic material. We are grateful to the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, and USDA Forest Service for funding to help operate LaMNA, MAPS and MoSI stations that provided feather samples for this work as well as field crews and staff at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge for help with sample collection and logistics. NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 23 BP 5726 EP 5739 DI 10.1111/mec.12977 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AU5ET UT WOS:000345630700006 PM 25346105 ER PT J AU Ott, P Al Shakhs, MH Lezec, HJ Chau, KJ AF Ott, Peter Al Shakhs, Mohammed H. Lezec, Henri J. Chau, Kenneth J. TI Flat lens criterion by small-angle phase SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PLANAR SILVER LENS; FIELD OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY; NEAR-FIELD; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; SUPERLENSES; LAYER AB We show that a classical imaging criterion based on angular dependence of small-angle phase can be applied to any system composed of planar, uniform media to determine if it is a flat lens capable of forming a real paraxial image and to estimate the image location. The real paraxial image location obtained by this method shows agreement with past demonstrations of far-field flat-lens imaging and can even predict the location of super-resolved images in the near-field. The generality of this criterion leads to several new predictions: flat lenses for transverse-electric polarization using dielectric layers, a broadband flat lens working across the ultraviolet-visible spectrum, and a flat lens configuration with an image plane located up to several wavelengths from the exit surface. These predictions are supported by full-wave simulations. Our work shows that small-angle phase can be used as a generic metric to categorize and design flat lenses. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Ott, Peter] Heilbronn Univ, Heilbronn, Germany. [Al Shakhs, Mohammed H.; Chau, Kenneth J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada. [Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chau, KJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada. EM kenneth.chau@ubc.ca FU Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) [366136] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge helpful comments from Andre Phillion and Loic Markley from The University of British Columbia, Amit Agrawal from Syracuse University, and Vladmir Aksyuk and Alex Liddle from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) through Discovery Grant 366136. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 24 BP 29340 EP 29355 DI 10.1364/OE.22.029340 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA AU7HD UT WOS:000345770500006 PM 25606868 ER PT J AU John, U Litaker, RW Montresor, M Murray, S Brosnahan, ML Anderson, DM AF John, Uwe Litaker, R. Wayne Montresor, Marina Murray, Shauna Brosnahan, Michael L. Anderson, Donald M. TI Formal Revision of the Alexandrium tamarense Species Complex (Dinophyceae) Taxonomy: The Introduction of Five Species with Emphasis on Molecular-based (rDNA) Classification SO PROTIST LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Alexandrium mediterraneum; Alexandrium tamarense; Alexandrium pacificum; Alexandrium australiense ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; REAL-TIME PCR; DINOFLAGELLATE GENUS ALEXANDRIUM; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CATENELLA DINOPHYCEAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB The Alexandrium tamarense species complex is one of the most studied marine dinoflagellate groups due to its ecological, toxicological and economic importance. Several members of this complex produce saxitoxin and its congeners - potent neurotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning. Isolates from this complex are assigned to A. tamarense, A. fundyense, or A. catenella based on two main morphological characters: the ability to form chains and the presence/absence of a ventral pore between Plates 1' and 4'. However, studies have shown that these characters are not consistent and/or distinctive. Further, phylogenies based on multiple regions in the rDNA operon indicate that the sequences from morphologically indistinguishable isolates partition into five clades. These clades were initially named based on their presumed geographic distribution, but recently were renamed as Groups I-V following the discovery of sympatry among some groups. In this study we present data on morphology, ITS/5.8S genetic distances, ITS2 compensatory base changes, mating incompatibilities, toxicity, the sxtA toxin synthesis gene, and rDNA phylogenies. All results were consistent with each group representing a distinct cryptic species. Accordingly, the groups were assigned species names as follows: Group I, A. fundyense; Group II, A. mediterraneum; Group III, A. tamarense; Group IV, A. pacificum; Group V, A. australiense. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [John, Uwe] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Oceans Sci, Ctr Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Montresor, Marina] Stn Zool A Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Murray, Shauna] Univ Technol Sydney, Plant Funct Biol & Climate Change Cluster, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Brosnahan, Michael L.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP John, U (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM uwe.john@awi.de RI Murray, Shauna/K-5781-2015; john, uwe/S-3009-2016; OI Murray, Shauna/0000-0001-7096-1307; john, uwe/0000-0002-1297-4086; Brosnahan, Michael/0000-0002-2620-7638 FU PACES research program of the Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar-und Meeresforschung; North Pacific Research Board Project [1021]; NOAA Coastal Science Board; Australian Research council [DP120103199]; Australian Academy of Science DAAD German-Australian mobility grant; BMBF PT/DLR IB FKZ projectn (NSF) [01DR14006, OCE-1128041, OCE-1314642]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [1-P50-ES021923-01] FX We give our sincere thanks to John McNeill for guiding us through the ICN, to Mona Hoppenrath for her very helpful and precise advice and shared expertise, as well as to three anonymous reviewers who helped shape and finalize this ambitious project. We also thank Nancy Kuhne for her assistance in the laboratory, David Kulis for maintenance and distribution of cultures, and Steve Kibler and Mark Vandersea who reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful suggestions. Financial support to U.J. was provided by the PACES research program of the Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar-und Meeresforschung. Partial support for W.L. was provided by North Pacific Research Board Project 1021 publication number 503 and the NOAA Coastal Science Board, for M.M. by the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, and for S.M. and U.J. by the Australian Research council grant number DP120103199, an Australian Academy of Science DAAD German-Australian mobility grant and BMBF PT/DLR IB FKZ 01DR14006 projectn (NSF) Grants OCE-1128041 and OCE-1314642; and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grant 1-P50-ES021923-01. NR 104 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 11 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1434-4610 J9 PROTIST JI Protist PD DEC PY 2014 VL 165 IS 6 BP 779 EP 804 DI 10.1016/j.protis.2014.10.001 PG 26 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AW1RJ UT WOS:000346066900002 PM 25460230 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Newman, AV Hayes, GP Titov, VV Tang, LJ AF Wei, Yong Newman, Andrew V. Hayes, Gavin P. Titov, Vasily V. Tang, Liujuan TI Tsunami Forecast by Joint Inversion of Real-Time Tsunami Waveforms and Seismic or GPS Data: Application to the Tohoku 2011 Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunameter; GPS; finite-fault solution; tsunami; inversion; tsunami forecast; runup; inundation; modeling; near field ID INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; OKI EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE MODEL; SIMULATIONS; MEGATHRUST; RUNUP AB Correctly characterizing tsunami source generation is the most critical component of modern tsunami forecasting. Although difficult to quantify directly, a tsunami source can be modeled via different methods using a variety of measurements from deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some of which in or near real time. Here we assess the performance of different source models for the destructive 11 March 2011 Japan tsunami using model-data comparison for the generation, propagation, and inundation in the near field of Japan. This comparative study of tsunami source models addresses the advantages and limitations of different real-time measurements with potential use in early tsunami warning in the near and far field. The study highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements and rapid validation of the approximate tsunami source for high-quality forecasting. We show that these tsunami measurements are compatible with other real-time geodetic data, and may provide more insightful understanding of tsunami generation from earthquakes, as well as from nonseismic processes such as submarine landslide failures. C1 [Wei, Yong; Titov, Vasily V.; Tang, Liujuan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wei, Yong; Tang, Liujuan] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newman, Andrew V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hayes, Gavin P.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Yong.Wei@noaa.gov RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148]; JISAO [2137]; PMEL [4014] FX The authors would like to thank William Barnhart of the U.S. Geological Survey and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews and constructive remarks, which helped improve this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA100AR4320148; JISAO contribution 2137; PMEL contribution 4014. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3281 EP 3305 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0777-z PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700008 ER PT J AU Zhou, HQ Wei, Y Wright, L Titov, VV AF Zhou, Hongqiang Wei, Yong Wright, Lindsey Titov, Vasily V. TI Waves and Currents in Hawaiian Waters Induced by the Dispersive 2011 Tohoku Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Water waves; Currents; Coastal waters; Dispersion; 2011 Tohoku tsunami ID BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; PROPAGATION; MODEL; OCEAN; RUNUP; SIMULATION AB This study focuses on the effects of frequency dispersion on tsunami-induced coastal water waves and currents, exemplified by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami event. The investigation relies on numerical simulations. We start from a tsunami source constrained through the inversion algorithm of NOAA's tsunami inundation forecast system. The trans-Pacific propagation and the hydrodynamic processes in the Hawaiian Islands region are simulated with a weakly dispersive Boussinesq model and a shallow-water model that neglects dispersion effects. From these modeling results, boundary conditions are derived to force the high-resolution simulations in the coastal waters in the Hawaiian Islands region through MOST, a tsunami simulating code based on the shallow-water theory. We note that the dispersion effects generally lower the amplitudes of leading waves. Trailing waves of short wavelengths and high amplitudes can develop in coastal waters. A model neglecting dispersion effects could under-predict the wave heights and current speeds at the trailing waves. C1 [Zhou, Hongqiang; Wei, Yong; Wright, Lindsey; Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhou, Hongqiang; Wei, Yong; Wright, Lindsey] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Zhou, HQ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM hongqiang.zhou@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2171]; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 4046]; US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research [RES-07-004, N6401]; US Government FX This study is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Contribution No. 2171, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Contribution No. 4046, under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under Interagency Agreement RES-07-004 Project N6401. We thank G. Mungov at the National Geophysical Data Center for the wave data at DART stations, P. Burke at NOS for the current data at the NOS ADCP stations, and E. Pawlak at the University of California, San Diego for the wave and current data at the Kilo Nalu station. We are grateful to R. Anooshehpoor at NRC, A. Rabinovich at the Russian Academy of Sciences and Institute of Ocean Sciences of Canada, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful revision advice. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3365 EP 3384 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0781-3 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700012 ER PT J AU Admire, AR Dengler, LA Crawford, GB Uslu, BU Borrero, JC Greer, SD Wilson, RI AF Admire, Amanda R. Dengler, Lori A. Crawford, Gregory B. Uslu, Burak U. Borrero, Jose C. Greer, S. Dougal Wilson, Rick I. TI Observed and Modeled Currents from the Tohoku-oki, Japan and other Recent Tsunamis in Northern California SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; ADCP; Tsunami current; 2010 Chile tsunami; 2011 Japan tsunami; Natural hazards ID SOUTHWEST HOKKAIDO EARTHQUAKE; HARBORS AB We investigate the currents produced by recent tsunamis in Humboldt Bay and Crescent City, California. The region is susceptible to both near-field and far-field tsunamis and has a historic record of damaging events. Crescent City Harbor, located approximately 100 kms north of Humboldt Bay, suffered US $28 million in damages from strong currents produced by the 2006 Kuril Islands tsunami and an additional US $26 million from the 2011 Japan tsunami. In order to better evaluate these currents in northern California, we deployed a Nortek Aquadopp 600 kHz 2D acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with a 1-min sampling interval in Humboldt Bay, near the existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) tide gauge station. The instrument recorded the tsunamis produced by the M-w 8.8 Chile earthquake on February 27, 2010 and the M-w 9.0 Japan earthquake on March 11, 2011. One other tsunami was recorded on the Humboldt Bay tide gauge during the period of ADCP operation, but was not visible on the ADCP, suggesting a threshold water level value of about 0.2 m to produce an observable ADCP record. The 2010 tsunami currents persisted in Humboldt Bay for approximately 30 h with peak amplitudes of about 0.35 m/s. The 2011 tsunami signal lasted for over 40 h with peak amplitude of 0.84 m/s. The strongest currents corresponded to the maximum change in water level approximately 67 min after the initial wave arrival. No damage was observed in Humboldt Bay for either event. In Crescent City, currents for the first three and one-half hours of the 2011 Japan tsunami were estimated using security camera video footage from the Harbor Master, approximately 70 m away from the NOAA-NOS tide gauge station. The largest amplitude tide gauge water-level oscillations and most of the damage occurred within this time window. The currents reached a velocity of approximately 4.5 m/s and six cycles exceeded 3 m/s during this period. Measured current velocities both in Humboldt Bay and in Crescent City were compared to calculated velocities from the Method of Splitting Tsunamis (MOST) numerical model. The frequency and pattern of current amplification and decay at both locations are replicated by the MOST model for the first several hours after the tsunami onset. MOST generally underestimates 2011 peak current velocities by about 10-30 %, with a few peaks by as much as 50 %. At Humboldt Bay, MOST predicted attenuation of the signal after 4 h but the actual signal persisted at a nearly constant level for at least twice as long. The results from this project demonstrate that ADCPs can effectively record tsunami currents for small to moderate events and can be used to calibrate and validate models (i.e., MOST) in order to better understand hazardous tsunami conditions within harbors. C1 [Admire, Amanda R.; Dengler, Lori A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Crawford, Gregory B.] Vancouver Isl Univ, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1J7, Canada. [Uslu, Burak U.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Borrero, Jose C.; Greer, S. Dougal] ECoast Ltd, Raglan, New Zealand. [Wilson, Rick I.] Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Admire, AR (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM amanda.admire@humboldt.edu; lori.dengler@humboldt.edu; greg.crawford@viu.ca; burak.Uslu@noaa.gov; jborrero@usc.edu; d.greer@ecoast.co.nz; rick.wilson@conservation.ca.gov RI Crawford, Gregory/G-3661-2016 OI Crawford, Gregory/0000-0003-3194-4576 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3385 EP 3403 DI 10.1007/s00024-014-0797-8 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700013 ER PT J AU Bernard, E Wei, Y Tang, LJ Titov, V AF Bernard, Eddie Wei, Yong Tang, Liujuan Titov, Vasily TI Impact of Near-Field, Deep-Ocean Tsunami Observations on Forecasting the 7 December 2012 Japanese Tsunami SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HAITI EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE AB Following the devastating 11 March 2011 tsunami, two deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis (DART(A (R)))(DART(A (R)) and the DART(A (R)) logo are registered trademarks of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used with permission) stations were deployed in Japanese waters by the Japanese Meteorological Agency. Two weeks after deployment, on 7 December 2012, a M (w) 7.3 earthquake off Japan's Pacific coastline generated a tsunami. The tsunami was recorded at the two Japanese DARTs as early as 11 min after the earthquake origin time, which set a record as the fastest tsunami detecting time at a DART station. These data, along with those recorded at other DARTs, were used to derive a tsunami source using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami forecast system. The results of our analysis show that data provided by the two near-field Japanese DARTs can not only improve the forecast speed but also the forecast accuracy at the Japanese tide gauge stations. This study provides important guidelines for early detection and forecasting of local tsunamis. C1 [Bernard, Eddie; Wei, Yong; Tang, Liujuan; Titov, Vasily] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei, Yong; Tang, Liujuan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Bernard, E (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eddie.bernard@comcast.net RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2116] FX We thank Rob Lawson of SAIC for providing 15 s data from DART stations 21436 (JP1) and 21437 (JP2); Michael Spillane and Jean C. Newman for assistance with the propagation database. We are grateful for UNESCO and IOC sea level station monitoring facility (http://www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org/) that provide access to the tide gage data along Japan's coastline. We also acknowledge the hard work of JMA, Toho Mercantile, and Oyo Corporation for initiating and completing the purchase of DART stations 21436 and 21437. Special acknowledgement goes to the SAIC deployment team who successfully deployed two DART buoys in the hostile, dangerous, November seas off Japan's coastline. This publication was (partially) funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2116; PMEL Contribution 4009. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3483 EP 3491 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0720-8 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700019 ER PT J AU Kim, YY Whitmore, PM AF Kim, Yoo Yin Whitmore, Paul M. TI Relationship Between Maximum Tsunami Amplitude and Duration of Signal SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami observations; maximum amplitude; duration of signal; confidence interval AB All available tsunami observations at tide gauges situated along the North American coast were examined to determine if there is any clear relationship between maximum amplitude and signal duration. In total, 89 historical tsunami recordings generated by 13 major earthquakes between 1952 and 2011 were investigated. Tidal variations were filtered out of the signal and the duration between the arrival time and the time at which the signals drops and stays below 0.3 m amplitude was computed. The processed tsunami time series were evaluated and a linear least-squares fit with a 95 % confidence interval was examined to compare tsunami durations with maximum tsunami amplitude in the study region. The confidence interval is roughly 20 h over the range of maximum tsunami amplitudes in which we are interested. This relatively large confidence interval likely results from variations in local resonance effects, late-arriving reflections, and other effects. C1 [Kim, Yoo Yin; Whitmore, Paul M.] NOAA, NWS, West Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Kim, YY (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, West Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM yooyin.kim@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 171 IS 12 BP 3493 EP 3500 DI 10.1007/s00024-013-0674-x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU8KF UT WOS:000345844700020 ER PT J AU Zheng, GM Stramski, D Reynolds, RA AF Zheng, Guangming Stramski, Dariusz Reynolds, Rick A. TI Evaluation of the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for estimating the inherent optical properties of seawater from ocean color: Comparison of Arctic and lower-latitude waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean optics; Remote-sensing reflectance; Absorption coefficient; Backscattering coefficient; Inverse reflectance algorithms ID SPECTRAL ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; AQUATIC PARTICLES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; LEAVING RADIANCE; INVERSION MODELS; NATURAL-WATERS; CHUKCHI SEAS AB We evaluated the performance of the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA, v5 with modifications) for deriving the spectral total absorption, a(lambda), and bacicscattering, b(b)(lambda), coefficients of seawater and partitioning of a(lambda) into phytoplankton and non-phytoplankton components from input spectrum of remote-sensing reflectance, R-rs(lambda), with field data collected in the Arctic and lower-latitude open waters from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The systematic error based on median ratio between QAA-derived and measured a(lambda) varied from about 1% to +/- 10% depending on light wavelength and the oceanic region. The QAA typically overestimated b(b)(lambda) from 3% to 14% compared with field measurements. These results were obtained with a correction for Raman-scattering contribution to R-rs and separate parameterization of molecular and particulate backscattering in the R-rs vs. b(b)/a relationship. Without these features the earlier versions of the QAA can overestimate b(b)(lambda) by as much as 35% in clear waters. The use of pure seawater backscattering coefficients accounting for water temperature and salinity improved the accuracy of QAA-derived a(lambda) in Arctic waters. The absorption-partitioning component of the QAA significantly underestimated phytoplankton absorption and overestimated non-phytoplankton absorption in both Arctic and lower-latitude waters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Guangming; Stramski, Dariusz; Reynolds, Rick A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zheng, GM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS STAR, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM guangming.zheng@noaa.gov RI Zheng, Guangming/J-3154-2013 FU NASA [NNG04GO02G, NNX10AG05G, NNX07AR20G]; Fred Noel and Sally Spiess Fellowship; ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche); INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales); ESA (European Space Agency) FX This work was supported by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (Grants NNG04GO02G and NNX10AG05G), NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program (Grant NNX07AR20G), and the Fred Noel and Sally Spiess Fellowship for graduate students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The MALINA project was co-funded by ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales), and ESA (European Space Agency). We thank J. Ehn, S. Kaczmarek, G. Neukermans, M. Stramska, J. Tatarkiewicz, and S. Watanabe for assistance in field data collection and processing. We are grateful to S. Belanger for providing the MALINA particulate absorption data, S. Hooker for the MALINA radiometric data, A. Matsuoka for the MAUNA and ICESCAPE CDOM absorption data, B. G. Mitchell for the ICESCAPE radiometric data, and R. Rottgers for the ANT-XXIII/1 CDOM absorption data. The BIOSOPE absorption and radiometric data were collected by M. Sabin, A. Bricaud, H. Claustre, and M. R. Lewis, and were made available to us through the BIOSOPE database. The support of the captains, crew, and fellow scientists onboard the USCCG Healy, CCGS Amundsen, R/V l'Atalante, and R/V Polarstem is acknowledged. We thank three reviewers for providing valuable comments. NR 63 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 155 SI SI BP 194 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.020 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AU7TQ UT WOS:000345804200017 ER PT J AU Cazalilla, MA Rey, AM AF Cazalilla, Miguel A. Rey, Ana Maria TI Ultracold Fermi gases with emergent SU(N) symmetry SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE ultracold atoms; degenerate fermi gases; strongly correlated systems ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; LARGE-N LIMIT; MOTT INSULATOR; INTERACTING ELECTRONS; HEISENBERG-MODEL; HUBBARD-MODEL; SPIN; PHYSICS; ATOMS; STATE AB We review recent experimental and theoretical progress on ultracold alkaline-earth Fermi gases with emergent SU(N) symmetry. Emphasis is placed on describing the ground-breaking experimental achievements of recent years. The latter include (1) the cooling to below quantum degeneracy of various isotopes of ytterbium and strontium, (2) the demonstration of optical Feshbach resonances and the optical Stern-Gerlach effect, (3) the realization of a Mott insulator of Yb-173 atoms, (4) the creation of various kinds of Fermi-Bose mixtures and (5) the observation of many-body physics in optical lattice clocks. On the theory side, we survey the zoo of phases that have been predicted for both gases in a trap and loaded into an optical lattice, focusing on two and three dimensional systems. We also discuss some of the challenges that lie ahead for the realization of such phases such as reaching the temperature scale required to observe magnetic and more exotic quantum orders. The challenge of dealing with collisional relaxation of excited electronic levels is also discussed. C1 [Cazalilla, Miguel A.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Cazalilla, Miguel A.] Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Cazalilla, Miguel A.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cazalilla, MA (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM miguel.cazalilla@gmail.com RI Cazalilla, Miguel/A-1366-2013; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Cazalilla, Miguel/0000-0002-2994-2873; FU NCTS (Taiwan); National Science of Taiwan; NTHU; NIST; NSF-PIF; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844] FX We thank P Lecheminant, K Penc, F Schreck, S Stellmer, Y Takahashi, M Tezuka, SK Yip and Zi Cai for useful comments on the manuscript and/or discussions. MAC acknowledges support from NCTS (Taiwan), the National Science of Taiwan and a start up grant from NTHU. AMR acknowledges funding from NIST, JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF, ARO, ARO-DARPA-OLE and AFOSR. NR 180 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 77 IS 12 AR 124401 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/124401 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AU9EW UT WOS:000345895500002 PM 25429615 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Juzeliunas, G Ohberg, P Spielman, IB AF Goldman, N. Juzeliunas, G. Oehberg, P. Spielman, I. B. TI Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE ultracold atoms; gauge potentials; light-matter interaction ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ARTIFICIAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; FLOQUET TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; CROSSED STANDING WAVES; OPTICAL LATTICES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; MOTT INSULATOR AB Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with each other through the exchange of gauge bosons. At the largest length scales, our Universe is ruled by gravity, whose gauge structure suggests the existence of a particle-the graviton-that mediates the gravitational force. At the mesoscopic scale, solid-state systems are subjected to gauge fields of different nature: materials can be immersed in external electromagnetic fields, but they can also feature emerging gauge fields in their low-energy description. In this review, we focus on another kind of gauge field: those engineered in systems of ultracold neutral atoms. In these setups, atoms are suitably coupled to laser fields that generate effective gauge potentials in their description. Neutral atoms 'feeling' laser-induced gauge potentials can potentially mimic the behavior of an electron gas subjected to a magnetic field, but also, the interaction of elementary particles with non-Abelian gauge fields. Here, we review different realized and proposed techniques for creating gauge potentials-both Abelian and non-Abelian-in atomic systems and discuss their implication in the context of quantum simulation. While most of these setups concern the realization of background and classical gauge potentials, we conclude with more exotic proposals where these synthetic fields might be made dynamical, in view of simulating interacting gauge theories with cold atoms. C1 [Goldman, N.] Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Goldman, N.] UPMC, CNRS, ENS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Oehberg, P.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, SUPA, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Coll France, 11 Pl Marcelin Berthelot, F-75005 Paris, France. EM ngoldman@ulb.ac.be; gediminas.juzeliunas@tfai.vu.lt; p.ohberg@hw.ac.uk; ian.spielman@nist.gov RI Ohberg, Patrik/C-8926-2013 OI Ohberg, Patrik/0000-0002-8780-4233 FU FRS-FNRS; ULB; Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-082/2012]; UK EPSRC [EP/J001392/1]; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA's OLE Program FX N G thanks the FRS-FNRS and the ULB for financial support. G J acknowledges the financial support by the Lithuanian Research Council Project No MIP-082/2012. P O acknowledges support from the UK EPSRC grant no. EP/J001392/1 and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. I B S acknowledges the financial support by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 488 TC 188 Z9 191 U1 21 U2 108 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 77 IS 12 AR 126401 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/126401 PG 60 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AU9EW UT WOS:000345895500003 PM 25422950 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Anulacion, BF Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, J. K. Davis, J. W. Incardona, J. P. Stark, J. D. Anulacion, B. F. Scholz, N. L. TI Zebrafish and clean water technology: Assessing soil bioretention as a protective treatment for toxic urban runoff SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Low impact development; Green stormwater infrastructure; Highway runoff; Ecotoxicology; Developmental toxicity; Zebrafish; Embryos ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IMPACT DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DANIO-RERIO EMBRYOS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; HIGHWAY RUNOFF; CRUDE-OIL; CARDIAC TOXICITY; HEAVY-METALS; FISH EMBRYOS AB Urban stormwater contains a complex mixture of contaminants that can be acutely toxic to aquatic biota. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is a set of evolving technologies intended to reduce impacts on natural systems by slowing and filtering runoff. The extent to which GSI methods work as intended is usually assessed in terms of water quantity (hydrology) and quality (chemistry). Biological indicators of GSI effectiveness have received less attention, despite an overarching goal of protecting the health of aquatic species. Here we use the zebrafish (Daniorerio) experimental model to evaluate bioinfiltration as a relatively inexpensive technology for treating runoff from an urban highway with dense motor vehicle traffic. Zebrafish embryos exposed to untreated runoff (48-96 h; six storm events) displayed an array of developmental abnormalities, including delayed hatching, reduced growth, pericardial edema, microphthalmia (small eyes), and reduced swim bladder inflation. Three of the six storms were acutely lethal, and sublethal toxicity was evident across all storms, even when stormwater was diluted by as much as 95% in clean water. As anticipated from exposure to cardiotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), untreated runoff also caused heart failure, as indicated by circulatory stasis, pericardial edema, and looping defects. Bioretention treatment dramatically improved stormwater quality and reversed nearly all forms of developmental toxicity. The zebrafish model therefore provides a versatile experimental platform for rapidly assessing GSI effectiveness. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license C1 [McIntyre, J. K.; Stark, J. D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Davis, J. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Incardona, J. P.; Anulacion, B. F.; Scholz, N. L.] NOAA NMES, Northwest Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU US Fish & Wildlife Service (National Contaminants Program) [DW-14-95791701 - 1]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) [DW-14-95791701 - 1] FX This research was funded by a grant from the US EPA Region 10 (DW-14-95791701 - 1), with support from the US Fish & Wildlife Service (National Contaminants Program), and the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program). Thanks to NOAA and USFWS employees who helped collect and treat runoff and to two anonymous reviewers for helping improve the manuscript. Conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 500 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.066 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU6OX UT WOS:000345723100018 PM 25217993 ER PT J AU Tao, MH Chen, LF Xiong, XZ Zhang, MG Ma, PF Tao, JH Wang, ZF AF Tao, Minghui Chen, Liangfu Xiong, Xiaozhen Zhang, Meigen Ma, Pengfei Tao, Jinhua Wang, Zifeng TI Formation process of the widespread extreme haze pollution over northern China in January 2013: Implications for regional air quality and climate SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Extreme pollution; Haze; Regional transport; Satellite; Northern China ID EASTERN CHINA; SATELLITE; MECHANISM; AEROSOLS; EPISODE; CLOUDS; SEASON; PLAIN AB In this study, we present a regional insight into characteristics and formation process of the widespread extreme haze pollution in northern China during January of 2013 using integrated satellite observations and ground measurements. Different from common regional pollution, dense haze clouds during the most polluted period not only wandered over northern China for more than one week, but also exhibited large spatial variations with some abrupt peak values in Beijing. High UV Aerosol Index (UVAI) values >2.5 indicate prevalent absorbing aerosols in upper part of the haze clouds. CALIPSO vertical detection shows that the haze layers were more than 3 km thick, with strong extinction within 1 km near surface and elevated dust layers above. Top of the more than 2 km thick dust plumes can reach 5 km, having a substantial contribution to the haze clouds. Movement of high aerosol loading regions with aerosol optical depth (ACID) exceeding 2.0 shows a notable superposition of different pollution processes within boundary layer, which largely enhanced the haze pollution. Peak value of PM10 in industrial cities of Hebei was around 1000 mu g/m(3), almost twice of that in usual pollution. Subsequent peak values of PM10 from south to north confirm the intense regional transport, which could be the main cause of sudden record-breaking particle concentration in Beijing. Anomalous weather conditions facilitated the unusual heavy pollution became extremely severe. Our results indicate close connections between variation of atmospheric circulation and the regional heavy pollution over northern China. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tao, Minghui; Chen, Liangfu; Ma, Pengfei; Tao, Jinhua; Wang, Zifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Xiaozhen] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Meigen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Chen, LF (reprint author), Jia 20 North,Datun Rd,POB 9718, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM minghuit@gmail.com RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; FU National Science Foundation of China [41401482]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05020100] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41401482) and Type B Leading Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB05020100). We thank the OMI, CALIPSO, MODIS team, and NASA LANCE center for the data used in our work. We also appreciate the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 13 U2 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.026 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000045 ER PT J AU Crisp, TA Brady, JM Cappa, CD Collier, S Forestieri, SD Kleeman, MJ Kuwayama, T Lerner, BM Williams, EJ Zhang, Q Bertram, TH AF Crisp, Timia A. Brady, James M. Cappa, Christopher D. Collier, Sonya Forestieri, Sara D. Kleeman, Michael J. Kuwayama, Toshihiro Lerner, Brian M. Williams, Eric J. Zhang, Qi Bertram, Timothy H. TI On the primary emission of formic acid from light duty gasoline vehicles and ocean-going vessels SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Formic acid; Emission factors; Atmospheric chemistry; Primary emissions ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; GAS-PHASE OH; ACETIC-ACIDS; MONOTERPENES; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISM; ENGINE; AIR AB We present determinations of fuel-based emission factors for formic acid (EFHCOOH) from light duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and in-use ocean-going vessels. Emission ratios, from which the emission factors were derived, were determined from LDGVs through measurement of HCOOH and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the exhaust of a fleet of eight LDGVs driven under the California Unified Cycle at the California Air Resources Board's Haagen-Smit Laboratory. Emission ratios from in-use ocean-going vessels were determined through direct measurement of HCOOH and CO2 in ship plumes intercepted by the R/V Atlantis during the 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign within 24 nautical miles of the California coast. The eight car fleet average EF HCOOH was 0.94 +/- 0.32 (1 sigma) and 0.57 +/- 0.18 mg (kg fuel)(-1) for the cold start and hot running phases of the drive cycle, respectively. This difference suggests that catalytic converter performance and the air/fuel equivalence ratio are important metrics contributing to EFHCOOH center dot EFHCOOH was determined to be 1.94 +/- 1.06 mg (kg fuel)(-1) for a single diesel vehicle driven under highway driving conditions, higher on average than any individual LDGV tested. In comparison, HCOOH primary emissions from in-use ocean-going vessels were substantially larger, averaging 20.89 +/- 8.50 mg (kg fuel)(-1). On a global scale, HCOOH primary emissions from fossil fuel combustion are likely to be insignificant relative to secondary production mechanisms, however primary emissions may contribute more significantly on a finer, regional scale in urban locations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crisp, Timia A.; Brady, James M.; Bertram, Timothy H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.; Forestieri, Sara D.; Kleeman, Michael J.; Kuwayama, Toshihiro] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Collier, Sonya; Zhang, Qi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Williams, Eric J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bertram, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM thbertram@ucsd.edu RI Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Collier, Sonya/0000-0002-2205-5067 FU California Air Resources Board [10-313]; National Science Foundation CAREER [AGS-1151430] FX This research was primarily supported by the California Air Resources Board (project number 10-313) and by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to T.H.B. (Grant AGS-1151430). We thank Mang Zhang (Haagen-Smit Vehicle Testing Facility) for helpful discussions. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 98 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.070 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU2WI UT WOS:000345475000046 ER PT J AU Wang, ZZ Landis, FA Giuseppetti, AAM Lin-Gibson, S Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zhengzhi Landis, Forrest A. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Simultaneous measurement of polymerization stress and curing kinetics for photo-polymerized composites with high filler contents SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Polymerization shrinkage stress; Tensometer; Infrared spectroscopy; Degree of conversion; Dental composites ID DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITES; DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; CONTRACTION STRESS; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; INSTRUMENT COMPLIANCE; SOLID-STATE; CONVERSION; DIMETHACRYLATE AB Objectives. Photopolymerized composites are used in a broad range of applications with their performance largely directed by reaction kinetics and contraction accompanying polymerization. The present study was to demonstrate an instrument capable of simultaneously collecting multiple kinetics parameters for a wide range of photopolymerizable systems: degree of conversion (DC), reaction exotherm, and polymerization stress (PS). Methods. Our system consisted of a cantilever beam-based instrument (tensometer) that has been optimized to capture a large range of stress generated by lightly-filled to highly-filled composites. The sample configuration allows the tensometer to be coupled to a fast near infrared (NIR) spectrometer collecting spectra in transmission mode. Results. Using our instrument design, simultaneous measurements of PS and DC are performed, for the first time, on a commercial composite with approximate to 80% (by mass) silica particle fillers. The in situ NIR spectrometer collects more than 10 spectra per second, allowing for thorough characterization of reaction kinetics. With increased instrument sensitivity coupled with the ability to collect real time reaction kinetics information, we show that the external constraint imposed by the cantilever beam during polymerization could affect the rate of cure and final degree of polymerization. Significance. The present simultaneous measurement technique is expected to provide new insights into kinetics and property relationships for photopolymerized composites with high filler content such as dental restorative composites. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhengzhi; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landis, Forrest A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, York, PA 17403 USA. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M.] NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIH/NIDCR [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX This study is based on research that was funded partially by Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIH/NIDCR [Y1-DE-7005-01]. We thank Dr. Kin (Charles) Cheung and Swarnavo Sarkar of NIST for their helpful discussion during the development of instrument and revision of the manuscript, respectively. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1316 EP 1324 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2014.09.006 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA AU3PI UT WOS:000345525500017 PM 25443160 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Walker, SL Ditchburn, RG Tontini, FC Hannington, MD Merle, SG Timm, C Handler, MR Wysoczanski, RJ Dekov, VM Kamenov, GD Baker, ET Embley, RW Lupton, JE Stoffers, P AF de Ronde, C. E. J. Walker, S. L. Ditchburn, R. G. Tontini, F. Caratori Hannington, M. D. Merle, S. G. Timm, C. Handler, M. R. Wysoczanski, R. J. Dekov, V. M. Kamenov, G. D. Baker, E. T. Embley, R. W. Lupton, J. E. Stoffers, P. TI The Anatomy of a Buried Submarine Hydrothermal System, Clark Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MC-ICP-MS; BROTHERS VOLCANO; MAGMA PETROGENESIS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; SW PACIFIC; ISLAND-ARC; SEA; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS AB Clark volcano of the Kermadec arc, northeast of New Zealand, is a large stratovolcano comprised of two coalescing volcanic cones; an apparently younger, more coherent, twin-peaked edifice to the northwest and a relatively older, more degraded and tectonized cone to the southeast. High-resolution water column surveys show an active hydrothermal system at the summit of the NW cone largely along a ridge spur connecting the two peaks, with activity also noted at the head of scarps related to sector collapse. Clark is the only known cone volcano along the Kermadec arc to host sulfide mineralization. Volcano-scale gravity and magnetic surveys over Clark show that it is highly magnetized, and that a strong gravity gradient exists between the two edifices. Modeling suggests that a crustal-scale fault lies between these two edifices, with thinner crust beneath the NW cone. Locations of regional earthquake epicenters show a southwest-northeast trend bisecting the two Clark cones, striking northeastward into Tangaroa volcano. Detailed mapping of magnetics above the NW cone summit shows a highly magnetized ring structure 350 m below the summit that is not apparent in the bathymetry; we believe this structure represents the top of a caldera. Oblate zones of low (weak) magnetization caused by hydrothermal fluid upflow, here termed burn holes, form a pattern in the regional magnetization resembling Swiss cheese. Presumably older burn holes occupy the inner margin of the ring structure and show no signs of hydrothermal activity, while younger burn holes are coincident with active venting on the summit. A combination of mineralogy, geochemistry, and seafloor mapping of the NW cone shows that hydrothermal activity today is largely manifest by widespread diffuse venting, with temperatures ranging between 56 degrees and 106 degrees C. Numerous, small (<= 30 cm high) chimneys populate the summit area, with one site host to the similar to 7-m-tall "Twin Towers" chimneys with maximum vent fluid temperatures of 221 degrees C (pH 4.9), consistent with delta S-34(anhydrite-pyrite) values indicating formation temperatures of similar to 228 degrees to 249 degrees C. Mineralization is dominated by pyrite-marcasite-barite-anhydrite. Radiometric dating using the Ra-228/Ra-226 and Ra-226/Ba methods shows active chimneys to be <20 with most <2 years old. However, the chimneys at Clark show evidence for mixing with, and remobilizing of, barite as old as 19,000 years. This is consistent with Nd and Sr isotope compositions of Clark chimney and sulfate crust samples that indicate mixing of similar to 40% seawater with a vent fluid derived from low K lavas. Similarly, REE data show the hydrothermal fluids have interacted with a plagioclase-rich source rock. A holistic approach to the study of the Clark hydrothermal system has revealed a two-stage process whereby a caldera-forming volcanic event preceded a later cone-building event. This ensured a protracted (at least 20 ka yrs) history of hydrothermal activity and associated mineral deposition. If we assume at least 200-m-high walls for the postulated (buried) caldera, then hydrothermal fluids would have exited the seafloor 20 ka years ago at least 550 m deeper than they do today, with fluid discharge temperatures potentially much hotter (similar to 350 degrees C). Subsequent to caldera infilling, relatively porous volcaniclastic and other units making up the cone acted as largescale filters, enabling ascending hydrothermal fluids to boil and mix with seawater subseafloor, effectively removing the metals (including remobilized Cu) in solution before they reached the seafloor. This has implications for estimates for the metal inventory of seafloor hydrothermal systems pertaining to arc hydrothermal systems. C1 [de Ronde, C. E. J.; Ditchburn, R. G.; Tontini, F. Caratori; Timm, C.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Walker, S. L.; Baker, E. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hannington, M. D.] Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Merle, S. G.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Handler, M. R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6012, New Zealand. [Wysoczanski, R. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Dekov, V. M.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Dept Marine Geosci, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Kamenov, G. D.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Embley, R. W.; Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Stoffers, P.] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,POB 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. EM Cornel.deRonde@gns.cri.nz RI Wysoczanski, Richard/I-7730-2012; OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU NOAA's Earth-Ocean Interaction Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under the NOAA [NA10OAR432014]; Government of New Zealand FX We thank G.J. Massoth (GNS) for help with the initial plume surveys over Clark volcano. A: Malahoff, C. Jones (GNS), and T. Kirby (U. Hawaii) kindly recovered samples for us during their Pisces V dives on Clark volcano. D.R. Yoerger, J.C. Kinsey and the other members of the ABE and Sentry AUV teams (all WHOI) are acknowledged for their expertise in acquiring excellent near-seafloor data. D.J. Fornari provided Tow Cam during the 2011 NZASMS cruise and digitally enhanced the seafloor photographs shown in the paper; T.M. Shank, M. Swartz, and S.A. Soule are thanked for their dock-side and onboard support of Tow Cam (all WHOI). B.W. Davy (GNS) located the earthquakes and compiled the regional gravity and magnetic maps. We also thank F. Munnik who helped with the PIXE studies (funded by the SPIRITTNA program). D. D'Cruz helped create Figure 17. This contribution was improved through reviews by P.R.L. Browne, J.R. Hein, and L.D. Meinert. S.L. Walker, S.G. Merle, E.T. Baker, R.W. Embley, and J.E. Lupton were supported by NOAA's Earth-Ocean Interaction Program. Partial funding for ETB was provided by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under the NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR432014, PMEL contribution 4132, and JISAO contribution 2206. This project was supported by public research funding from the Government of New Zealand. I would like to dedicate this paper to the late Mrs J.V. de Ronde, who was always very taken by the natural world and who marveled at our deepsea research. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 32 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 109 IS 8 BP 2261 EP 2292 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU3XY UT WOS:000345545100011 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Han, DW Rico-Ramirez, MA Bray, M Islam, T Gupta, M Dai, Q AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Han, Dawei Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A. Bray, Michaela Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika Dai, Qiang TI Estimation of land surface temperature from atmospherically corrected LANDSAT TM image using 6S and NCEP global reanalysis product SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Precipitable water vapour; Agricultural landscape; Weather research and forecasting model (WRF); Land surface temperature (LST); 6S correction ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; EMISSIVITY RETRIEVAL; PRECIPITABLE WATER; SATELLITE SIGNAL; SOLAR SPECTRUM; SMOS SATELLITE; AVHRR DATA; MODEL; VEGETATION; INDEX AB Water vapour is the most variable constituent in the atmosphere which is responsible for serious noise in the optical satellite images. This research is focused on the vertical distribution of water vapour and deducing its possible effects on the atmospheric correction process. The vertical distribution of precipitable water vapour, water vapour mixing ratio with geopotential height and pressure were estimated through the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model by downscaling the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global reanalysis product. In addition, the most widely used LANDSAT TM satellite image has been used for this assessment. The WRF model was applied with three domains centred on a LANDSAT captured image over the area. The 6S atmospheric correction code was utilised for viewing the effect of precipitable water vapour on satellite image correction. The analysis was conducted on two pressure levels (1,000 and 100 hPa) representing the troposphere and stratosphere, respectively. The validation of the atmospheric correction has been performed by estimating the land surface temperature (LST) over the Walnut Creek region and its comparison with the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2002 (SMEX02) LST field validation datasets. The overall analyses indicate a higher accuracy of LST repossession with 100 hPa corrected image. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Han, Dawei; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel A.; Islam, Tanvir; Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Bray, Michaela] Cardiff Univ, Hydroenvironm Ctr, Cardiff Sch Engn, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Delhi, India. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov RI Islam, Tanvir/F-6922-2011; Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/H-3248-2014; OI Rico-Ramirez, Miguel/0000-0002-8885-4582; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, United Kingdom; Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India FX The authors would like to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, United Kingdom and Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors are also thankful to SMEX team for all the validation data generated during the experiments and Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the NCEP data. The authors also acknowledge the Advanced Computing Research Centre at University of Bristol for providing the access to supercomputer facility (The Blue Crystal). The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA/NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 72 IS 12 SI SI BP 5183 EP 5196 DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3388-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA AU1WB UT WOS:000345407000037 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Chen, X Weng, FZ AF Zou, Xiaolei Chen, Xu Weng, Fuzhong TI Polarization signature from the FengYun-3 Microwave Humidity Sounder SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microwave Humidity Sounder (MWHS); polarization; remote sensing; surface properties ID WIND-SPEED; SSM/I; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; SURFACE; MODEL; WATER; SMMR; SEA; GHZ AB Microwave Humidity Sounders (MHS) onboard NOAA-15, -16, -17, -18, -19, and EUMETSAT MetOp-A/B satellites provide radiance measurements at a single polarization state at any of five observed frequencies. The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) onboard the FengYun-3 (FY-3) satellite has a unique instrument design that provides dual polarization measurements at 150 GHz. In this study, the MWHS polarization signal was investigated using observed and modeled data. It is shown that the quasi-polarization brightness temperatures at 150 GHz display a scan angle dependent bias. Under calm ocean conditions, the polarization difference at 150 GHz becomes non-negligible when the scan angle varies from 10A degrees to 45A degrees and reaches a maximum when the scan angle is about 30A degrees. Also, the polarization state is sensitive to surface parameters such as surface wind speed. Under clear-sky conditions, the differences between horizontal and vertical polarization states at 150 GHz increase with decreasing surface wind speed. Therefore, the polarization signals from the cross-track scanning microwave measurements at window channels contain useful information about surface parameters. In addition, the availability of dual polarization measurements allows a one-to-one conversion from antenna brightness temperature to sensor brightness temperature if a cross-polarization spill-over exists. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei; Chen, Xu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xu] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006] FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Project 2010CB951600, and Chinese Ministry of Finance Project GYHY200906006. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2095-0195 EI 2095-0209 J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC JI Front. Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1007/s11707-014-0479-y PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU1OI UT WOS:000345389600016 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Emmerich, SJ Lin, CC AF Wang, Liangzhu (Leon) Emmerich, Steven J. Lin, Cheng-Chun TI Study of the impact of operation distance of outdoor portable generators under different weather conditions SO INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; Computational fluid dynamics; Generator emission; Indoor air quality; Multizone airflow model ID AIR-POLLUTANT DISPERSION; WIND-TUNNEL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GAS DISPERSION; FLOW; CFD; BUILDINGS; CONTAM AB The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that up to half of non-fatal carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning incidents during the hurricane seasons in 2004 and 2005 involved generators operated outdoors but within 7ft of the home. Current guidance for safe operating distances of generators is often neither specific nor consistent. A study was conducted to examine the impact of generator distance on indoor CO exposure. The study was based on computer simulations of CO transport outdoors and subsequently into a generic two-storey house. This paper presents the simulation results when using an indoor air quality model coupled with a computational fluid dynamics model to predict CO concentrations near and within the home. Fire Dynamics Simulator was validated against the measured contaminant dispersion data in a wind tunnel. A parametric study was then conducted for the two-storey house to consider the effects on indoor CO levels of generator location, distance, exhaust temperature and speed and weather conditions. It was found that in most cases, to reduce CO levels for the conditions modelled, it was more effective to point the generator exhaust away from the house and position the generator at a distance of >4.6m. C1 [Wang, Liangzhu (Leon); Lin, Cheng-Chun] Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM leonwang@bcee.concordia.ca FU US CDC [08FED894639] FX This work was sponsored by the US CDC under Interagency Agreement No. 08FED894639. The authors acknowledge the contributions of Scott Damon and Fuyuen Yip of CDC to this study. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1420-326X EI 1423-0070 J9 INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON JI Indoor Built Environ. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1105 DI 10.1177/1420326X13482318 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AT9AT UT WOS:000345220800004 ER PT J AU Kalinoski, M Hirons, A Horodysky, A Brill, R AF Kalinoski, Mieka Hirons, Amy Horodysky, Andrij Brill, Richard TI Spectral sensitivity, luminous sensitivity, and temporal resolution of the visual systems in three sympatric temperate coastal shark species SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Elasmobranch; Electroretinogram; Flicker fusion frequency; Temperature; Vision ID JUVENILE SANDBAR SHARKS; INHABITING CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MUSTELUS-CANIS; SMOOTH DOGFISH; DEEP-SEA; DINOFLAGELLATE LUMINESCENCE; MESOPELAGIC CRUSTACEANS; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA AB We used electroretinography (ERG) to determine spectral and luminous sensitivities, and the temporal resolution (flicker fusion frequency, FFF) in three sympatric (but phylogenetically distant) coastal shark species: Carcharhinus plumbeus (sandbar shark), Mustelus canis (smooth dogfish), and Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish). Spectral sensitivities were similar (range similar to 400-600 nm, peak sensitivity similar to 470 nm), with a high likelihood of rod/cone dichromacy enhancing contrast discrimination. Spiny dogfish were significantly less light sensitive than the other species, whereas their FFF was similar to 19 Hz at maximum intensities; a value equal to that of sandbar shark and significantly above that of smooth dogfish (similar to 9-12 Hz). This occurred even though experiments on spiny dogfish were conducted at 12 versus 25 A degrees C and 20 A degrees C for experiments on sandbar shark and smooth dogfish, respectively. Although spiny dogfish have a rod-dominated retina (rod:cone ratio 50:1), their visual system appears to have evolved for a relatively high temporal resolution (i.e., high FFF) through a short integration time, with the requisite concomitant reduction in luminous sensitivity. Our results suggest adaptive plasticity in the temporal resolution of elasmobranch visual systems which reflects the importance of the ability to track moving objects such as mates, predators, or prey. C1 [Kalinoski, Mieka; Hirons, Amy] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Horodysky, Andrij] Hampton Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Brill, Richard] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Brill, Richard] VIMS, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), VIMS, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu FU South Florida Chapter of the Explorer's Club FX All animal capture, care, and experimental protocols complied with relevant laws of the United States and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the College of William and Mary, Nova Southeastern University, and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. The authors thank the staff at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science-Eastern Shore Laboratory for their continuing hospitality and help in acquiring sandbar sharks and smooth dogfish, D. Bernal (University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth) for making it possible to perform experiments on spiny dogfish, and L. Litherland for her support and discussions regarding experimental design, execution, and data analysis. M. Kalinoski's participation was funded in part by a scholarship from the South Florida Chapter of the Explorer's Club. This paper is contribution 3409 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Commerce-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or any of its subagencies. Mention of trade names, products, or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and likewise does not imply endorsement by NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 116 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 EI 1432-1351 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 200 IS 12 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1007/s00359-014-0950-y PG 17 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA AU0SF UT WOS:000345333900002 PM 25319537 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Poti, M AF Kendall, Matthew S. Poti, Matthew TI Potential larval sources, destinations, and self-seeding in the Mariana Archipelago documented using ocean drifters SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Larvae; Connectivity; Larval transport; Pelagic larval duration ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; DAMSELFISHES POMACENTRIDAE; PACIFIC; DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT; CONNECTIVITY; DURATION; CURRENTS; CONSERVATION AB Identifying transport pathways and sources of reef larvae is an essential component of ecosystem science. Ocean drifters tracked by satellite around the Mariana Archipelago were used to evaluate the possible pathways of transport among islands for passive larvae of reef organisms present in the surface layer. Reef taxa vary in their minimum and maximum larval duration from several days to a few months. Drifters leaving the Marianas required more than 16 days of transport prior to arriving near any adjacent island groups. Drifters arriving at the Marianas required more than 35 days of transport before being tracked back to any adjacent island groups. All arrived from the east or southeast via the North Equatorial Current. Roughly 27 % of the drifters that began in the Marianas returned. The majority of returning drifters (65 %) ended to the north of their starting point. Over 70 % of the drifters that returned to the Marianas after starting there did so in less than 40 days. Overall, this suggests that self-seeding may be of great importance to sustaining Mariana reef populations and that position within the archipelago affects connectivity among islands. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Poti, Matthew] Natl Ocean Serv, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Poti, Matthew] CSS Dynamac Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ctr Coastal & Ocean Sci, NOAA, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; CSS-Dynamac Inc. FX Mayra Pazos provided guidance on downloading and manipulating drifter data. Dana Okano and Adrienne Loerzel facilitated local discussion of early versions of this material in CNMI and Guam. The approach benefitted from discussions with Fran Castro, Peter Houk, John Ignel, Steven Johnson, Steve McKagan, Todd Miller, Ryan Okano, and other local scientists and managers. Arliss Winship and three anonymous reviewers provided a constructive review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. MP was supported under NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with CSS-Dynamac Inc. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 70 IS 6 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s10872-014-0251-7 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU1PM UT WOS:000345392600006 ER PT J AU Stouffer, K Candell, R AF Stouffer, Keith Candell, Rick TI MEASURING IMPACT OF CYBERSECURITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Stouffer, Keith; Candell, Rick] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stouffer, K (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 EI 1943-5649 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 136 IS 12 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AT9SN UT WOS:000345266500026 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP Larason, TC Houston, JM Vest, RE Arp, U Yoon, HW AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Larason, T. C. Houston, J. M. Vest, R. E. Arp, U. Yoon, H. W. TI IR-enhanced Si reference detectors for one-step scale transfers from 300nm to 1000nm SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE spectral responsivity; Si photodiode; monochromator facility; responsivity calibration; responsivity uncertainty; radiant power; irradiance responsivity ID RESPONSIVITY; RADIOMETER AB IR-enhanced Si photodiodes have improved radiometric and electronic characteristics as compared to other widely used Si photodiodes and can be used as responsivity standards in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 1000 nm. Their low predicted uncertainty for radiant power responsivity measurements can result in improvements in the existing monochromator-based Si responsivity scales. They have several advantages over traditionally used Si-trap detectors, such as wider acceptance angle, higher shunt resistance, and higher responsivity in the NIR region. Radiometric and electronic measurement results are discussed to illustrate these characteristics. The spectral power responsivity scales can be improved using a set of the IR-enhanced Si photodiodes not only to transfer the calibration from the cryogenic radiometer, but for use in the monochromator facility as working standards. This improvement will reduce the length of the calibration chain and create a one-step scale transfer between the cryogenic radiometer- and the monochromator-based facility. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Larason, T. C.; Houston, J. M.; Vest, R. E.; Arp, U.; Yoon, H. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP S252 EP S257 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/6/S252 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DJ UT WOS:000345426000002 ER PT J AU Feldman, A Burnitt, T Porrovecchio, G Smid, M Egli, L Grobner, J Nield, KM AF Feldman, A. Burnitt, T. Porrovecchio, G. Smid, M. Egli, L. Groebner, J. Nield, K. M. TI Diode-array UV solar spectroradiometer implementing a digital micromirror device SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE spectroradiometer; digital micromirror device; ultraviolet radiation ID STRAY LIGHT; SPECTROMETER AB The solar ultraviolet spectrum captured by commercially available diode-array spectroradiometers is dominated by stray light from longer wavelengths with higher intensity. The implementation of a digital micromirror device in an array spectroradiometer has the potential to enable the precise selection of desired wavelengths as well as the ability to reduce spectral intensity of some wavelengths via selective mirror modulation, both reducing long wavelength stray light. A prototype consisting of off-the-shelf components has been assembled to verify the validity of the base concept, and initial measurements have been performed to confirm the throughput and image qualities such as spectral resolution and astigmatism. C1 [Feldman, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Feldman, A.; Porrovecchio, G.; Smid, M.] Cesky Metrol Inst, Prague, Czech Republic. [Burnitt, T.] Principal Opt, Reading, Berks, England. [Egli, L.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, Davos, Switzerland. [Nield, K. M.] Callaghan Innovat, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Feldman, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP); EMRP; European Union; NIST; CMI; EURAMET FX Part of this work has been supported by the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) within the joint research project Traceability for Terrestrial Solar UV Irradiance Measurement (Solar UV). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. The authors acknowledge support from NIST and CMI. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP S289 EP S292 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/6/S289 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DJ UT WOS:000345426000007 ER PT J AU White, M Gran, J Tomlin, N Lehman, J AF White, M. Gran, J. Tomlin, N. Lehman, J. TI A detector combining quantum and thermal primary radiometric standards in the same artefact SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PQED; cryogenic radiometer; optical primary standard; radiometry; dual mode detector ID EFFICIENT DETECTOR; CRYOGENIC RADIOMETER; SILICON PHOTODIODES; RESPONSIVITY; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION AB We present the concept of a dual-mode primary standard cryogenic detector, utilizing a predictable quantum efficient silicon photodiode, and demonstrate the behaviour of the detector from room temperature down to 30 K. The detector absorbs visible radiation generating either heat or photocurrent, dependent on the selected mode of operation. In effect, this detector links optical power to fundamental constants through the two different routes of operation in the one artefact. Forward biasing of the photodiode is used in lieu of resistive heating to provide the electrical substitution power. The detector has a thermal time constant of 50 s and a sensitivity of 1.39KmW(-1). Using an LED source, we measure equivalence between the two modes of operation of 1.5% at 50 K, limited principally by our knowledge of the wavelength of the emitted radiation of the source. C1 [White, M.; Tomlin, N.; Lehman, J.] NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gran, J.] Justervesenet, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. RP White, M (reprint author), NIST Boulder, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM m.white@boulder.nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2014 VL 51 IS 6 BP S245 EP S251 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/6/S245 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU2DJ UT WOS:000345426000001 ER PT J AU Bodhak, S Diaz, LF Kuznetsov, SA Kilts, T Young, MF Lin-Gibson, S Robey, PG Simon, CG AF Bodhak, S. Diaz, L. F. Kuznetsov, S. A. Kilts, T. Young, M. F. Lin-Gibson, S. Robey, P. G. Simon, C. G., Jr. TI Combinatorial Cassette For High-throughput Screening Of Osteogenesis SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Bodhak, S.; Lin-Gibson, S.; Simon, C. G., Jr.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Diaz, L. F.; Kuznetsov, S. A.; Kilts, T.; Young, M. F.; Robey, P. G.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-739 BP S132 EP S133 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300523 ER PT J AU Chen, D Sarkar, S Candia, J Florczyk, SJ Bodhak, S Simon, CG Dunkers, JP Losert, W AF Chen, D. Sarkar, S. Candia, J. Florczyk, S. J. Bodhak, S. Simon, C. G., Jr. Dunkers, J. P. Losert, W. TI Machine Learning Analysis of Multi-Parametric Single Cell Data Associated with Stem Cell Differentiation in Nanofiber Scaffolds SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Chen, D.; Candia, J.; Losert, W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sarkar, S.; Florczyk, S. J.; Bodhak, S.; Simon, C. G., Jr.; Dunkers, J. P.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA O-251 BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300069 ER PT J AU Florczyk, SJ Juba, D Cardone, A Sarkar, S Chen, D Baker, PJ Bajcsy, P Brady, M Simon, CG AF Florczyk, S. J. Juba, D. Cardone, A. Sarkar, S. Chen, D. Baker, P. J. Bajcsy, P. Brady, M. Simon, C. G., Jr. TI Effect of Biomaterial Scaffolds on 3D Shape of Stem Cells SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Florczyk, S. J.; Sarkar, S.; Chen, D.; Baker, P. J.; Simon, C. G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juba, D.; Cardone, A.; Bajcsy, P.; Brady, M.] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-274 BP S81 EP S81 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300316 ER PT J AU Giri, J Chandra, B Kumar, N Cicerone, M AF Giri, J. Chandra, B. Kumar, N. Cicerone, M. TI Protein Stabilized and Sustained Deliverable Nanofiber Smart Scaffold for Multiphase Tissue Regeneration SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Giri, J.] Indian Inst Technol, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Chandra, B.; Kumar, N.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Cicerone, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-78 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300209 ER PT J AU Halter, M Lund, S Li-Baboud, Y Peskin, AP Bajcsy, P Hoeppner, DJ Plant, AL AF Halter, M. Lund, S. Li-Baboud, Y. Peskin, A. P. Bajcsy, P. Hoeppner, D. J. Plant, A. L. TI Reducing Uncertainty in the Evaluation of Stem Cell Colonies SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Halter, M.; Lund, S.; Li-Baboud, Y.; Peskin, A. P.; Bajcsy, P.; Plant, A. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoeppner, D. J.] Lieber Inst Brain Dev, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-397 BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300375 ER PT J AU Hotaling, NA Bharti, K Kriel, H Simon, CG AF Hotaling, N. A. Bharti, K. Kriel, H. Simon, C. G., Jr. TI DiameterJ: An Open Source Nanofiber Diameter Measurement Tool SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Hotaling, N. A.; Simon, C. G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bharti, K.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kriel, H.] Stellenbosch Nanofiber Co Pty Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-702 BP S126 EP S127 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300498 ER PT J AU Maczka, C Bodhak, S Kim, JJ Tutak, W AF Maczka, C. Bodhak, S. Kim, J. J. Tutak, W. TI Airbrushed Poly-DL-lactic Acid Nanofibers Coated with Collagen Type I and Fibrinogen Proteins Enhance Human Bone Marrow Stromal and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Attachment SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Maczka, C.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bodhak, S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, J. J.; Tutak, W.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-738 BP S132 EP S132 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300522 ER PT J AU Sarkar, S Lund, S Vyzasatya, R Vanguri, P Halter, M Elliott, JT Lin-Gibson, S Plant, AL AF Sarkar, S. Lund, S. Vyzasatya, R. Vanguri, P. Halter, M. Elliott, J. T. Lin-Gibson, S. Plant, A. L. TI Measurement Assurance in Stem Cell Characterization: Quantitative Comparison of Cell Enumeration Techniques SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Sarkar, S.; Halter, M.; Elliott, J. T.; Lin-Gibson, S.; Plant, A. L.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lund, S.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vyzasatya, R.; Vanguri, P.] Lonza, Cell Therapy, Walkersville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-345 BP S89 EP S89 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300348 ER PT J AU Simon, C AF Simon, C., Jr. TI Complexities in Developing Standards and Reference Materials for TERM SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Simon, C., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-55 BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300200 ER PT J AU Simon, M Juba, D Baker, P Simon, CG Brady, M Bajcsy, P AF Simon, M. Juba, D. Baker, P. Simon, C. G., Jr. Brady, M. Bajcsy, P. TI Segmentation of Large Numbers of 3D Cells on Different Scaffolds SO TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT TERMIS-AM Conference CY DEC 13-16, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP TERMIS AM C1 [Simon, M.; Juba, D.; Baker, P.; Simon, C. G., Jr.; Brady, M.; Bajcsy, P.] NIST, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1937-3341 EI 1937-335X J9 TISSUE ENG PT A JI Tissue Eng. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 20 SU 1 MA P-697 BP S125 EP S126 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA AU6AK UT WOS:000345684300494 ER PT J AU Verissimo, A Cotton, CF Buch, RH Guallart, J Burgess, GH AF Verissimo, Ana Cotton, Charles F. Buch, Robert H. Guallart, Javier Burgess, George H. TI Species diversity of the deep-water gulper sharks (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae: Centrophorus) in North Atlantic waters - current status and taxonomic issues SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alpha taxonomy; dichotomous key; dogfishes; molecular genetics; morphometrics; squaloid ID CENTROSCYMNUS-COELOLEPIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANNOTATED LIST; SQUAMOSUS; REPRODUCTION; GRANULOSUS; FISHES; SEA; CHONDRICHTHYES; ARCHIPELAGO AB The gulper sharks (genus Centrophorus) are a group of deep-water benthopelagic sharks with a worldwide distribution. The alpha taxonomy of the group has historically been problematic and the number of species included in the genus has varied considerably over the years and is still under debate. Gulper sharks are routinely caught in mid- and deep-water fisheries worldwide and some have shown a considerable decline in abundance in the last few decades. Clear and consistent species discrimination of Centrophorus is essential for an efficient and sustainable management of these fisheries resources. Our study used molecular cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and morphometric data to re-evaluate the diversity of Centrophorus in North Atlantic waters, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean Seas. Molecular data separated North Atlantic Centrophorus into five well-supported groups whereas morphometric data separated these same five groups and suggested three additional groups for which no molecular data were available. Four of the five groups identified in the North Atlantic also occur in the Indian and/or Pacific Oceans, thus extending the reported range of some species considerably. A species identification key for North Atlantic Centrophorus is provided based on our findings. (c) 2014 The Linnean Society of London C1 [Verissimo, Ana] CIBIO UP Ctr Res Biodivers & Genet Resources, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Verissimo, Ana; Cotton, Charles F.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Cotton, Charles F.] Savannah State Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Cotton, Charles F.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Buch, Robert H.; Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Buch, Robert H.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Northeast Reg Off NERO, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Guallart, Javier] Univ Valencia, Dept Zool, Lab Biol Marina, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. RP Verissimo, A (reprint author), CIBIO UP Ctr Res Biodivers & Genet Resources, Rua Padre Armando Quintas,Campus Agr Vairao, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. EM averissimo@cibio.up.pt OI Verissimo, Ana/0000-0003-3396-9822 FU AES Symposium Fund; AMNH Collection Study Grant; Deep-C; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation; MCZ Ernst Mayr Grant; MUNHAC; National Shark Consortium; SYNTHESIS Grant; Title VII; VIMS; Fulbright Commission; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/40326/2007, SFRH/BPD/77487/2011] FX We are indebted to the people (and their respective institutions) that contributed with samples, feedback, and enthusiasm to this study: D. A. Ebert; D. Grubbs; D. Kerstetter; E. Brooks; G. Menezes; J. Castro; J. Kiszka; J. Morrissey; R. Daley; S. Tanaka; T. Daly-Engel; Capt. J. Ruhle; Capt. D. Ward; Capt. A. Ros; crew of R/V Weatherbird II, R/V Suncoaster, and of Cap Prim Segon (Xabia). We are also grateful to the following museum staff for their assistance, support, and enthusiasm: E. Hilton, Z. Nicholls, P. McGrath, S. Huber, and P. Konstantinidis (VIMS Fish Collection); K. Hartel, A. Holmes, and A. Williston (MCZ Fish Collection); B. Seret, Z. Gabsi, and P. Pruvost (MNHN Paris); R. Robins (FLMNH); D. Catania (CAS); J. Williams (USNM); J. Sparks, S. Schaffer, and R. Arrundell (AMNH); M. Sabaj-Parez (ANSP); M. J. Alves, N. Mesquita and F. Ribeiro (MUHNAC); O. Crimmon and J. Maclaine (BMNH). We would also like to thank G. Naylor, J. Musick, N. Straube, and W. White for feedback and stimulating discussions. A special thank you is extended to A. Bentley and the Tissue Collection of the Kentucky Biodiversity Institute. This work was generously supported by the following funding awards and institutions: AES 2012 Symposium Fund; AMNH Collection Study Grant (A. V.); Deep-C (http://www.deep-c.org; C. F. C.); the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation (G. H. B.); MCZ Ernst Mayr Grant (A. V.); MUNHAC; the National Shark Consortium; SYNTHESIS Grant (A. V); Title VII (C. F. C.); and VIMS travel grants, Mini-Grants, and Student Research Grants (A. V.). A. V. was funded by the Fulbright Commission PhD scholarship 2005/2006 and by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/40326/2007; SFRH/BPD/77487/2011). NR 87 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 172 IS 4 BP 803 EP 830 DI 10.1111/zoj.12194 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU4OC UT WOS:000345589900003 ER PT J AU Bourbonnais, A Juniper, SK Butterfield, DA Anderson, RE Lehmann, MF AF Bourbonnais, Annie Juniper, S. Kim Butterfield, David A. Anderson, Rika E. Lehmann, Moritz F. TI Diversity and abundance of Bacteria and nirS-encoding denitrifiers associated with the Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal system SO ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nirS genes; 16S rRNA genes; Denitrifying bacteria; Diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids; Juan de Fuca Ridge ID MID-OKINAWA TROUGH; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SULFUR-OXIDIZING CHEMOLITHOAUTOTROPH; NITRITE REDUCTASE NIRK; SP-NOV.; EPSILON-PROTEOBACTERIA; GEN.-NOV.; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; WATER COLUMN; SUBSEAFLOOR HABITAT AB Denitrification, which results in the loss of bioavailable nitrogen-an essential macronutrient for all living organisms-may potentially affect chemosynthetic primary production in hydrothermal vent ecosystems where sub-oxic conditions favorable to denitrification are common. Here we describe the diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the subsurface biosphere at Axial Volcano and the Endeavour Segment on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU or 16S rRNA) pyrotag and nitrite reductase (nirS) clone library sequencing methods. Bacterial communities were diverse and dominated by members of the epsilon- and gamma-proteobacteria, including taxonomic groups containing known denitrifiers. Assemblages of denitrifiers that could be evaluated by nirS gene sequence comparisons showed low diversity. The single nirS sequence shared by the two locations, affiliated with a gamma-proteobacteria isolated from estuarine sediments (Pseudomonas sp. BA2), represented more than half of all sequences recovered when clustered at 97 % identity. All other nirS sequences clustered into different taxonomic groups, indicating important differences in denitrifier community membership between the two sites. Total nirS gene abundance was at least two orders of magnitude lower than 16S rRNA abundance. Overall, our results demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the nirS gene-containing bacterial community are rather low, as might be expected under the extreme conditions encountered in the subsurface biosphere of hydrothermal vent systems, and do not correlate clearly with any environmental variables investigated (i.e., pH, temperature, and H2S, NO3-, NH4+ concentrations). C1 [Bourbonnais, Annie; Juniper, S. Kim] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Butterfield, David A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Butterfield, David A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Anderson, Rika E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog & Astrobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lehmann, Moritz F.] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Bourbonnais, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol SMAST, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM abourbonnais@umassd.edu RI Lehmann, Moritz/A-3301-2014; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Lehmann, Moritz/0000-0003-0626-5942; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Rix Family fellowship; NSERC; British Columbia Leadership Chair; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank James Holden, Bill Chadwick, the officer and crew of the R/V Atlantis and R/V Thomas G. Thompson and the Jason and Alvin submersible teams. We specially thank Steven J. Hallam for sharing laboratory space and commenting on a previous version of the manuscript. Kevin Roe analyzed fluids for pH, H2S, dissolved silica, and ammonia on board. Hoang-My Christensen analyzed fluids for Mg and other cations and anions in 2009. We thank Elena Zaikova for laboratory assistance and Dr. Juergen Ehlting and Alyse Hawley for sharing laboratory material and space. The Couchsurfing community is thanked for providing accommodation to A.B.. during laboratory analysis at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver). This work was funded through an NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) graduate fellowship and a Rix Family fellowship to A.B.., and by an NSERC Discovery grant and British Columbia Leadership Chair to S. K. J. The research cruises were funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by the National Science Foundation. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1590-4261 EI 1869-2044 J9 ANN MICROBIOL JI Ann. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1691 EP 1705 DI 10.1007/s13213-014-0813-3 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AU0DF UT WOS:000345292900023 ER PT J AU Antoci, V Cunha, M Houdek, G Kjeldsen, H Trampedach, R Handler, G Luftinger, T Arentoft, T Murphy, S AF Antoci, V. Cunha, M. Houdek, G. Kjeldsen, H. Trampedach, R. Handler, G. Lueftinger, T. Arentoft, T. Murphy, S. TI THE ROLE OF TURBULENT PRESSURE AS A COHERENT PULSATIONAL DRIVING MECHANISM: THE CASE OF THE delta SCUTI STAR HD 187547 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology; convection; stars: individual (HD 187546); stars: oscillations; stars: variables: delta Scuti ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; UPPER MAIN-SEQUENCE; KEPLER OBSERVATIONS; RED GIANTS; AM STARS; AP STARS; EXCITATION; MODELS; FREQUENCIES; CONVECTION AB HD 187547 was the first candidate that led to the suggestion that solar-like oscillations are present in delta Scuti stars. Longer observations, however, show that the modes interpreted as solar-like oscillations have either very long mode lifetimes, longer than 960 days, or are coherent. These results are incompatible with the nature of "pure" stochastic excitation as observed in solar-like stars. Nonetheless, one point is certain: the opacity mechanism alone cannot explain the oscillation spectrum of HD 187547. Here we present new theoretical investigations showing that convection dynamics can intrinsically excite coherent pulsations in the chemically peculiar delta Scuti star HD 187547. More precisely, it is the perturbations of the mean Reynold stresses (turbulent pressure) that drives the pulsations and the excitation takes place predominantly in the hydrogen ionization zone. C1 [Antoci, V.; Houdek, G.; Kjeldsen, H.; Trampedach, R.; Arentoft, T.] Aarhus Univ, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Cunha, M.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofisca, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Cunha, M.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Handler, G.] Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Lueftinger, T.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Murphy, S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Antoci, V (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM antoci@phys.au.dk FU Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF106]; ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) - European Research Council [267864]; Investigador FCT contract - FCT/MCTES (Portugal); POPH/FSE (EC); ERC, under FP7/EC [FP7-SPACE-2012-31284]; Polish NCN [2011/01/B/ST9/05448]; FWF NFN project [S116601-N16]; FWF NFN subproject [S116 604-N16] FX Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant No. DNRF106). The research is supported by the ASTERISK project (ASTERoseismic Investigations with SONG and Kepler) funded by the European Research Council (Grant agreement No. 267864). M.S.C. is supported by an Investigador FCT contract funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC) and by funds from the ERC, under FP7/EC, through the project FP7-SPACE-2012-31284. G.Ha. acknowledges support by the Polish NCN grant 2011/01/B/ST9/05448. T.L. thanks TBL and the staff at the Pic du Midi observatory for excellent support, in particular the availability of DDT time for carrying out the spectropolarimetric observations. T.L. acknowledges the support by the FWF NFN project S116601-N16 and the related FWF NFN subproject, S116 604-N16. We thank Mikkel Lund for providing the visibility values. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 796 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/118 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT4AI UT WOS:000344878900047 ER PT J AU Xin, YX Sheen, DA Wang, H Law, CK AF Xin, Yuxuan Sheen, David A. Wang, Hai Law, Chung K. TI Skeletal reaction model generation, uncertainty quantification and minimization: Combustion of butane SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Model reduction; Model optimization; Uncertainty quantification ID CHEMICAL KINETIC MECHANISMS; REDUCED REACTION-MECHANISMS; DIRECTED RELATION GRAPH; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; METHANE OXIDATION; REDUCTION; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; FLAME AB Skeletal reaction models for n-butane and iso-butane combustion are derived from a detailed chemistry model through directed relation graph (DRG) and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA) methods. It is shown that the accuracy of the reduced models can be improved by optimization through the method of uncertainty minimization by polynomial chaos expansion (MUM-PCE). The dependence of model uncertainty on the model size is also investigated by exploring skeletal models containing different number of species. It is shown that the dependence of model uncertainty is subject to the completeness of the model. In principle, for a specific simulation the uncertainty of a complete model, which includes all reactions important to its prediction, is convergent with respect to the model size, while the uncertainty calculated with an incomplete model may display unpredictable correlation with the model size. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xin, Yuxuan; Law, Chung K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheen, David A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Hai] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM haiwang@stanford.edu RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 FU Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center (CEFRC), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001198] FX Work at Princeton and Stanford was supported by the Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center (CEFRC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001198. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD DEC PY 2014 VL 161 IS 12 BP 3031 EP 3039 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.018 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AT8RT UT WOS:000345200500004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, F Beichl, I AF Sullivan, Francis Beichl, Isabel TI Permanents, -permanents and Sinkhorn balancing SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Matrix scaling; Doubly stochastic matrix; Sequential importance sampling ID DOUBLY STOCHASTIC MATRICES AB The method of Sinkhorn balancing that starts with a non-negative square matrix and iterates to produce a related doubly stochastic matrix has been used with some success to estimate the values of the permanent in some cases of physical interest. However, it is often claimed that Sinkhorn balancing is slow to converge and hence not useful for efficient computation. In this paper, we explain how some simple, low cost pre-processing allows one to guarantee that Sinkhorn balancing always converges linearly. We illustrate this approach by efficiently and accurately computing permanents and -permanents of some previously studied matrices. C1 [Sullivan, Francis] IDA CCS, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Beichl, Isabel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beichl, I (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fran@super.org; isabel.beichl@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0943-4062 EI 1613-9658 J9 COMPUTATION STAT JI Comput. Stat. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1793 EP 1798 DI 10.1007/s00180-014-0506-1 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AT7EH UT WOS:000345099200020 ER PT J AU Darniani, TM Jordan, TA Ferraccioli, F Young, DA Blankenship, DD AF Darniani, Theresa M. Jordan, Tom A. Ferraccioli, Fausto Young, Duncan A. Blankenship, Donald D. TI Variable crustal thickness beneath Thwaites Glacier revealed from airborne gravimetry, possible implications for geothermal heat flux in West Antarctica SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thwaites Glacier; Marie Byrd Land; West Antarctic Rift System; crustal structure; airborne gravity; geothermal heat flux ID ICE-SHEET; MASS-BALANCE; PINE ISLAND; RIFT SYSTEM; SUBGLACIAL GEOLOGY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; AFRICAN RIFT; AMUNDSEN SEA; STREAM; ANOMALIES AB Thwaites Glacier has one of the largest glacial catchments in West Antarctica. The future stability of Thwaites Glacier's catchment is of great concern, as this part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has recently been hypothesized to already be en route towards collapse. Although an oceanic trigger is thought to be responsible for current change at the grounding line of Thwaites Glacier, in order to determine the effects of this coastal change further in the interior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet it is essential to also better constrain basal conditions that control the dynamics of fast glacial flow within the catchment itself. One major contributor to fast glacial flow is the presence of subglacial water, the production of which is a result of both glaciological shear heating and geothermal heat flux. The primary goal of our study is to investigate the crustal thickness beneath Thwaites Glacier, which is an important contributor to regional-scale geothermal heat flux patterns. Crustal structure is an indicator of past tectonic events and hence provides a geophysical proxy for the thermal status of the crust and mantle. Terrain-corrected Bouguer gravity disturbances are used here to estimate depths to the Moho and mid-crustal boundary. The thin continental crust we reveal beneath Thwaites Glacier supports the hypothesis that the West Antarctic Rift System underlies the region and is expressed topographically as the Byrd Subglacial Basin. This rifted crust is of similar thickness to that calculated from airborne gravity data beneath neighboring Pine Island Glacier, and is more extended than crust in the adjacent Siple Coast sector of the Ross Sea Embayment A zone of thinner crust is also identified near the area's subaerial volcanoes lending support to a recent interpretation predicting that this part of Marie Byrd Land is a major volcanic dome, likely within the West Antarctic Rift System itself. Near-zero Bouguer gravity disturbances for the subglacial highlands and subaerial volcanoes indicate the absence of supporting crustal roots, suggesting either (I) thermal support from a warm lithosphere or alternatively, and arguably less likely; (2) flexural support of the topography by a cool and rigid lithosphere, or (3) Pratt-like compensation. Although forward modeling of gravity data is non-unique in respect to these alternative possibilities, we prefer the hypothesis that Marie Byrd Land volcanoes are thermally-supported by warmer upper mantle. The presence of such inferred warm upper mantle also suggests regionally elevated geothermal heat flux in this sector of the West Antarctic Rift System and consequently the potential for enhanced meltwater production beneath parts of Thwaites Glacier itself. Our new crustal thickness estimates and geothermal heat flux inferences in the Thwaites Glacier region are significant both for studies of the structure of the broader West Antarctic Rift System and for assessments of geological influences on West Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics and glacial isostatic adjustment models. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Darniani, Theresa M.] US NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jordan, Tom A.; Ferraccioli, Fausto] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Darniani, TM (reprint author), US NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC-3,N-NGS6 Room 8115, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM theresa.damiani@noaa.gov; tomj@bas.co.uk; ffe@bas.co.uk; blank@ig.utexas.edu; duncan@ig.utexas.edu RI Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010; Diehl, Theresa/K-2821-2012 OI Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176; Diehl, Theresa/0000-0002-3784-435X FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0230197, ANT-0636724]; University of Texas Geology Foundation; Jackson School of Geosciences; Unger Vetlesen Foundation; University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Gale White Fellowship,; British Antarctic Survey; NOAA's National Geodetic Survey FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants OPP-0230197 and ANT-0636724), the University of Texas Geology Foundation and Jackson School of Geosciences, the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Gale White Fellowship, the British Antarctic Survey, and NOAA's National Geodetic Survey. I would like to thank Vicki Childers, Jack Holt, and Scott Kempf for their assistance with this work. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2014 VL 407 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.eps1.2014.09.023 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AT8JH UT WOS:000345179300010 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Fahnenstiel, GL AF Pothoven, S. A. Fahnenstiel, G. L. TI Declines in the energy content of yearling non-native alewife associated with lower food web changes in Lake Michigan SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alosa; Diporeia; Dreissena; energy density; overwinter; trophic level ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; WINTER MORTALITY; FISH COMMUNITY; DIPOREIA SPP.; BODY-SIZE; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO; ENERGETICS AB Juveniles of non-native alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), were collected in Lake Michigan in 1998, 1999, 2010, 2011 and 2013 to evaluate changes in energy content during a period of major ecosystem changes. Consistent with historical data, energy content of yearling alewife declined from late winter into late spring and was at its lowest point in June. Energy density and length-adjusted, entire-body energy were lower in 2010, 2011 and 2013 than in 1998 and 1999. Energy losses over the first winter in the lake were more severe for the 2010 year class (56% decrease) than for the 1998 year class (28% decrease). Alewife diets in late spring of 2010-2013 reflected the loss of major prey such as Diporeia spp. and a shift towards lower energy prey. The recent decline in energy content of yearling alewife can be linked to recent changes in productivity and abundance of key components of the lower food web of Lake Michigan following the dreissenid invasion. C1 [Pothoven, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Great Lakes Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1111/fme.12092 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU0MU UT WOS:000345318000002 ER PT J AU Seifert, F Panna, A Li, SS Han, B Chao, L Cao, A Haddad, D Choi, H Haley, L Schlamminger, S AF Seifert, Frank Panna, Alireza Li, Shisong Han, Bing Chao, Leon Cao, Austin Haddad, Darine Choi, Heeju Haley, Lori Schlamminger, Stephan TI Construction, Measurement, Shimming, and Performance of the NIST-4 Magnet System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic measurements; magnetic circuits; measurement standards; measurement units; permanent magnets ID WATT BALANCE; STANDARDS AB The magnet system is one of the key elements of a watt balance. For the new watt balance currently under construction at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a permanent magnet system was chosen. We describe the detailed construction of the magnet system, first measurements of the field profile, and shimming techniques that were used to achieve a flat field profile. The relative change of the radial magnetic flux density is <10(-4) over a range of 5 cm. We further characterize the most important aspects of the magnet and give order of magnitude estimates for several systematic effects that originate from the magnet system. C1 [Seifert, Frank; Panna, Alireza; Li, Shisong; Chao, Leon; Cao, Austin; Haddad, Darine; Schlamminger, Stephan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Han, Bing] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Choi, Heeju; Haley, Lori] Electron Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. RP Seifert, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov RI Li, Shisong/D-6494-2015; OI Li, Shisong/0000-0002-2509-5523 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 63 IS 12 BP 3027 EP 3038 DI 10.1109/TIM.2014.2323138 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AT6RW UT WOS:000345067400034 ER PT J AU Kumaraguru, S Rachuri, S Lechevalier, D AF Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran Rachuri, Sudarsan Lechevalier, David TI Faceted classification of manufacturing processes for sustainability performance evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Manufacturing process; Taxonomy; Faceted classification; Visualization; Sustainability; Performance AB Sustainability characterization of manufacturing processes is key to the inventory data development for life cycle analysis of products and processes in manufacturing industries. The ability of an organization to compare and contrast this sustainability performance in a variety of manufacturing process categories is crucial for purposes of evaluating and improving the process performance or doing tradeoff analysis for dealing with suboptimal performance. In such a situation, it is necessary to abstract this information into broader, aggregated, and consistent viewpoints such that similarities and contrasts in sustainability performance are visually deliberated. For developing such a visual system, the abstracted viewpoint should be transformed to a process classification scheme. A faceted approach to manufacturing process classifications has been proposed in this work for this purpose. We developed a visual interface to navigate the process classification scheme. We also provide a means by which dynamic hierarchical taxonomies can be generated by ranking the abstracted viewpoints called facets and classifiers. C1 [Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Lechevalier, David] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumaraguru, S (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM senthilkumaran.kumaraguru@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov; david.lechevalier@nist.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 EI 1433-3015 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 75 IS 9-12 BP 1309 EP 1320 DI 10.1007/s00170-014-6184-x PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AT7AN UT WOS:000345088400006 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Noren, DP Gaydos, JK AF Noren, Shawn R. Noren, Dawn P. Gaydos, Joseph K. TI Living in the fast lane: rapid development of the locomotor muscle in immature harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Myoglobin; Acid buffering capacity; Diving capacity; Marine mammal; Cetacean; Odontocete ID OXYGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; SEALS HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; AEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DIVING CAPACITY; WEDDELL SEALS; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; BUFFERING CAPACITY AB Cetaceans (dolphins and whales) are born into the aquatic environment and are immediately challenged by the demands of hypoxia and exercise. This should promote rapid development of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving, but previous research on two odontocete (toothed whales and dolphins) species showed protracted postnatal development for myoglobin content and buffering capacity. A minimum of 1 and 1.5 years were required for Fraser's (Lagenodelphis hosei) and bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins to obtain mature myoglobin contents, respectively; this corresponded to their lengthy 2 and 2.5-year calving intervals (a proxy for the dependency period of cetacean calves). To further examine the correlation between the durations for muscle maturation and maternal dependency, we measured myoglobin content and buffering capacity in the main locomotor muscle (longissimus dorsi) of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), a species with a comparatively short calving interval (1.5 years). We found that at birth, porpoises had 51 and 69 % of adult levels for myoglobin and buffering capacity, respectively, demonstrating greater muscle maturity at birth than that found previously for neonatal bottlenose dolphins (10 and 65 %, respectively). Porpoises achieved adult levels for myoglobin and buffering capacity by 9-10 months and 2-3 years postpartum, respectively. This muscle maturation occurred at an earlier age than that found previously for the dolphin species. These results support the observation that variability in the duration for muscular development is associated with disparate life history patterns across odontocetes, suggesting that the pace of muscle maturation is not solely influenced by exposure to hypoxia and exercise. Though the mechanism that drives this variability remains unknown, nonetheless, these results highlight the importance of documenting the species-specific physiological development that limits diving capabilities and ultimately defines habitat utilization patterns across age classes. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Noren, Dawn P.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.] UC Davis Wildlife Hlth Ctr Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@ucsc.edu OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal and Rescue Assistance Grant through NOAA Fisheries FX Collection of samples was supported in part by funding from the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal and Rescue Assistance Grant through NOAA Fisheries. Analysis of samples was supported by NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank the volunteers and staff at the San Juan Marine Mammal Stranding Network and the Whale Museum, especially A. Traxler, for providing samples for this study. We also thank G. Ylitalo and L. Rhodes and their staff at the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center for providing laboratory equipment and bench space for sample analysis. We thank D. Somo for assistance with sample analysis and M. L. Dolar for providing raw data from Dolar et al. (1999). Finally, we thank the laboratory group of T. M Williams for providing insightful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. Collection of samples from stranded harbor porpoises was authorized by the NOAA Northwest Regional Office (now the West Coast Regional Office). All experiments comply with the current laws of the United States of America. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 184 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1076 DI 10.1007/s00360-014-0854-8 PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA AU0EC UT WOS:000345295300010 PM 25150059 ER PT J AU Guba, P Anderson, DM AF Guba, Peter Anderson, Daniel M. TI Diffusive and phase change instabilities in a ternary mushy layer SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE buoyancy-driven instability; double diffusive convection; phase change ID CONTROLLED SOLIDIFICATION; NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; BINARY-ALLOYS; METAL-ALLOYS; CONVECTION; MACROSEGREGATION; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; SYSTEM; STEEL AB We analyse the stability of a mushy layer during the directional solidification of a ternary alloy. Our model includes diffusive and convective transport of heat and solutes, coupled by an equilibrium thermodynamic constraint of the ternary phase diagram. The model contains phase change effects due to latent-heat release, solute rejection and background solidification. We identify novel convective instabilities, both direct and oscillatory, which are present under statically stable conditions. We examine these instabilities asymptotically by simplifying to a thin mushy layer with small growth rates. We also discuss numerical results for the full problem, confirming the asymptotic predictions and providing the stability characteristics outside the small-growth-rate approximation. A physical explanation for these instabilities in terms of parcel arguments is proposed, indicating that the instability mechanisms generally involve different rates of solute diffusion, different rates of solute rejection and different background solute distributions induced by the initial alloy composition. C1 [Guba, Peter] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Dept Appl Math, Bratislava 84248 4, Slovakia. [Anderson, Daniel M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Anderson, Daniel M.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM danders1@gmu.edu FU US National Science Foundation [DMS-1107848]; Slovak Scientific Grant Agency [VEGA 1/0711/12] FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation, DMS-1107848 (D.M.A.) and by the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency, VEGA 1/0711/12 (P.G.). The authors would also like to thank G. McFadden for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 760 BP 634 EP 669 DI 10.1017/jfm.2014.615 PG 36 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AT4MM UT WOS:000344913500023 ER PT J AU Lass, EA Williams, ME Campbell, CE Moon, KW Kattner, UR AF Lass, Eric A. Williams, Maureen E. Campbell, Carelyn E. Moon, Kil-Won Kattner, Ursula R. TI gamma' Phase Stability and Phase Equilibrium in Ternary Co-Al-W at 900 A degrees C SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE Co-based; phase diagram; phase equilibrium; superalloy; thermodynamics ID COBALT-BASE ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; GAMMA'-CO-3(AL,W) PHASE; ATOMIC MOBILITY; SYSTEM; DIFFUSION; ELEMENTS; INTERDIFFUSION; TRANSFORMATION AB Phase equilibria at 900 A degrees C in the Co-rich Co-Al-W ternary system are investigated through isothermal annealing of six alloy compositions for times up to 8000 h. The volume fraction of the L1(2)-gamma' phase co-existing with disordered FCC-gamma, B2 and D0(19) phases is found to steadily decrease with increasing annealing time indicating that it is unstable at 900 A degrees C. Additional heat treatments at 850 and 1000 A degrees C further suggest it is a nonequilibrium phase at all temperatures in the ternary system. The L1(2)-gamma' phase dissolves slowly with significant amounts remaining in some alloys after 8000 h at 900 A degrees C. However, the present work clearly indicates the microstructure is moving toward a three-phase equilibrium between gamma, D0(19), and B2. The collected compositional and phase equilibria information provide much needed data for improving the available thermodynamic assessments of the ternary Co-Al-W alloy system. C1 [Lass, Eric A.; Williams, Maureen E.; Campbell, Carelyn E.; Moon, Kil-Won; Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 6 BP 711 EP 723 DI 10.1007/s11669-014-0346-2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AT9ZB UT WOS:000345281500007 ER PT J AU Perez, RC Hormann, V Lumpkin, R Brandt, P Johns, WE Hernandez, F Schmid, C Bourles, B AF Perez, Renellys C. Hormann, Verena Lumpkin, Rick Brandt, Peter Johns, William E. Hernandez, Fabrice Schmid, Claudia Bourles, Bernard TI Mean meridional currents in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical Atlantic; Meridional currents; Tropical cells ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; UPPER-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COLD-TONGUE; LONG WAVES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; DRIFTER OBSERVATIONS; INSTABILITY WAVES; DATA ASSIMILATION AB Ship-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity measurements collected by several major field programs in the tropical Atlantic are averaged and combined with estimates of the mean near-surface velocity derived from drifters and Argo float surface drifts (ADCP+D) to describe the mean cross-equatorial and vertical structure of the meridional currents along 23 degrees W and 10 degrees W. Data from moored ADCPs and fixed-depth current meters, a satellite-derived velocity product, and a global ocean reanalysis were additionally used to evaluate the mean ADCP+D meridional velocity. The dominant circulation features in the long-term mean ADCP+D meridional velocity in the upper 100 m are the tropical cells (TCs) located approximately between 5 degrees S and 5 degrees N, with near-surface poleward flow and subsurface equatorward flow that is stronger and shallower in the northern cell compared to the southern cell. The thickness of the surface limb of the TCs decreases and the northern cell is found to shift further south of the equator from the central to eastern tropical Atlantic. Analysis of two-season means estimated from the ship-based ADCP, near-surface drift, and moored velocity data, as well as the simulated fields, indicates that the maximum poleward velocity in the surface limb of the TCs intensifies during December-May along 23 degrees W largely due to seasonal compensation between the geostrophic and ageostrophic (or wind-driven) components of the meridional velocity, whereas the maximum equatorward flow in the subsurface limb of the northern cell intensifies during June-November along both 23 degrees W and 10 degrees W due to the seasonality of the geostrophic meridional velocity. C1 [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.; Lumpkin, Rick; Schmid, Claudia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hormann, Verena] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brandt, Peter] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Johns, William E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hernandez, Fabrice] Mercator Ocean, Inst Rech Dev, Toulouse, France. [Bourles, Bernard] LEGOS, Inst Rech Dev, Brest, France. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Renellys.C.Perez@noaa.gov RI Brandt, Peter/C-8254-2013; Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; BOURLES, BERNARD/I-4673-2015; Hernandez, Fabrice/F-6642-2013 OI Brandt, Peter/0000-0002-9235-955X; Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; BOURLES, BERNARD/0000-0001-6515-4519; Hernandez, Fabrice/0000-0003-2152-0657 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Global Drifter Program NOAA [NA10OAR4320156]; Deutsche Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, project RACE [03F0651B]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB754]; INSU-CNRS; Mercator Ocean; Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis; European Community [218812] FX This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement # NA10OAR4320143. Additional support was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, the Global Drifter Program NOAA NA10OAR4320156, the Deutsche Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, project RACE (03F0651B), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB754. The authors thank the PIRATA program which makes PIRATA mooring and shipboard data sets freely available to the scientific community. The authors also thank Adam Houk, Andreas Funk, and Arne Kortzinger for help obtaining and processing additional moored and shipboard data sets. Output from the GLORYS2V1 reanalysis product was obtained through a collaborative agreement with Mercator Ocean. The GLORYS reanalysis project received support from INSU-CNRS, Mercator Ocean, Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no218812 (My Ocean). Nicolas Ferry and Laurent Parent are thanked for their helpful comments concerning GLORYS2V1 output. This study used velocities derived from Argo float surface trajectories of the YoMaHa'07 data set (Lebedev et al. 2007) which are provided by APDRC/IPRC. The OSCAR data were obtained from JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC and developed by Earth and Space Research. NCEP Reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA, at their web site http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. Comments from Gregory Foltz, Silvia Garzoli, Christopher Meinen, Paul Freitag, and two anonymous reviewers led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 2943 EP 2962 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1968-5 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3UY UT WOS:000344862200005 ER PT J AU Servain, J Caniaux, G Kouadio, YK McPhaden, MJ Araujo, M AF Servain, Jacques Caniaux, Guy Kouadio, Yves K. McPhaden, Michael J. Araujo, Moacyr TI Recent climatic trends in the tropical Atlantic SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical Atlantic; Climatic trends; Long-term warming ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; MARINE WIND DATA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LEVEL RISE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; HEAT FLUXES AB A homogeneous monthly data set of sea surface temperature (SST) and pseudo wind stress based on in situ observations is used to investigate the climatic trends over the tropical Atlantic during the last five decades (1964-2012). After a decrease of SST by about 1 degrees C during 1964-1975, most apparent in the northern tropical region, the entire tropical basin warmed up. That warming was the most substantial (>1 degrees C) in the eastern tropical ocean and in the longitudinal band of the intertropical convergence zone. Surprisingly, the trade wind system also strengthened over the peirod 1964-2012. Complementary information extracted from other observational data sources confirms the simultaneity of SST warming and the strengthening of the surface winds. Examining data sets of surface heat flux during the last few decades for the same region, we find that the SST warming was not a consequence of atmospheric heat flux forcing. Conversely, we suggest that long-term SST warming drives changes in atmosphere parameters at the sea surface, most notably an increase in latent heat flux, and that an acceleration of the hydrological cycle induces a strengthening of the trade winds and an acceleration of the Hadley circulation. These trends are also accompanied by rising sea levels and upper ocean heat content over similar multi-decadal time scales in the tropical Atlantic. Though more work is needed to fully understand these long term trends, especially what happens from the mid-1970's, it is likely that changes in ocean circulation involving some combination of the Atlantic meridional overtuning circulation and the subtropical cells are required to explain the observations. C1 [Servain, Jacques] Univ Paris 06, IRD, LOCEAN, UMR 182, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Servain, Jacques] Fundacao Cearense Meteorol & Recursos Hidr FUNCEM, BR-60115221 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Caniaux, Guy] Meteo France CNRS, CRNM GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Kouadio, Yves K.] Univ Cocody, UFR SSMT, LPA, Abidjan 22, Cote Ivoire. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Araujo, Moacyr] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Servain, J (reprint author), Fundacao Cearense Meteorol & Recursos Hidr FUNCEM, Av Rui Barbosa 1246, BR-60115221 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM jacques.servain@gmail.com RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU FUNCEME (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil) during the FINEP Project "Centro de Alerta de Fenomenos Extremos" (CAFE) [01080617/00]; UFPE (Recife, PE, Brazil) during the CNPq Project "Mudancas Climaticas no Atlantic Tropical" (MUSCAT) [400544/2013-0]; CNPq; FUNCAP [BPV-0025-00055.01.00/11, 127432779]; AMMA project; IRD through the Project JEAI-ALOCGG; NOAA (PMEL) [4022]; INCT "AmbTropic", Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology for Tropical Marine Environments, CNPq/FAPESB [565054/2010-4, 8936/2011] FX This work was initially performed at FUNCEME (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil) during the FINEP Project "Centro de Alerta de Fenomenos Extremos" (CAFE), No. FINEP Process 01080617/00, and was concluded at UFPE (Recife, PE, Brazil) during the CNPq Project "Mudancas Climaticas no Atlantic Tropical" (MUSCAT) No. Process: 400544/2013-0. JS thanks CNPq for the PVE grant associated to Project MUSCAT. JS and YKK thank FUNCAP for the Grants #BPV-0025-00055.01.00/11 and #127432779 respectively. GC was granted by the AMMA project. YKK thanks IRD for the grant 2011-2013 through the Project JEAI-ALOCGG. MJM was supported by NOAA (PMEL contribution number 4022). This is a contribution of the INCT "AmbTropic", Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology for Tropical Marine Environments, CNPq/FAPESB (Grants 565054/2010-4 and 8936/2011). Thanks to G. A. Hounsou-gbo for help in some analyses, and thanks to B. Bourles and three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. This work is dedicated to Joel Picaut and Jacques Merle. NR 116 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 11 SI SI BP 3071 EP 3089 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2168-7 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3UY UT WOS:000344862200011 ER PT J AU Foley, CJ Bowen, GJ Nalepa, TF Sepulveda, MS Hook, TO AF Foley, Carolyn J. Bowen, Gabriel J. Nalepa, Thomas F. Sepulveda, Marisol S. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Stable isotope patterns of benthic organisms from the Great Lakes region indicate variable dietary overlap of Diporeia spp. and dreissenid mussels SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC FOOD WEBS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; FRESH-WATER; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; FINGER-LAKES; NEW-YORK; NITROGEN; MICHIGAN; HYDROGEN; RATIOS AB Competition between native and invasive species may bring about a suite of ecological and evolutionary outcomes, including local extirpations. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, competition for food may explain the dramatic decline of Diporeia spp. amphipods following the introduction of dreissenid mussels. This hypothesis has not been confirmed, in part because dreissenids and Diporeia appear to co-exist and flourish in other systems, including the Finger Lakes of New York. We used carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotope ratios to examine resource use by Diporeia from three spatially distinct populations (Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and Cayuga Lake), dreissenids from areas where they co-occur with Diporeia (Lake Michigan and Cayuga Lake), and Diporeia from Lake Michigan collected before and after dreissenid invasion (1986-2009). Our results suggest that dreissenids may affect resource use by Diporeia in areas of co-occurrence, but the extent to which those effects are positive or negative is unclear. Terrestrial inputs may provide an important subsidy for Diporeia populations in small systems but may not be substantial enough in the Great Lakes to ensure that both taxa thrive. C1 [Foley, Carolyn J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowen, Gabriel J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Sepulveda, Marisol S.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Foley, CJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cfoley@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2008.886] FX The authors thank the captains and crews of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA-GLERL) R/V Laurentian and the US Environmental Protection Agency R/V Lake Guardian. Jim Watkins provided samples from Cayuga Lake, and Dan Ryan, Sunnie McCalla, Dave Fanslow, David Jude, Tom Johengen, Julie Mida, Katie Burkett, and Greg Jacobs helped with field collections. Hilary Schafer and Bethany Theiling performed stable isotope analyses. Harvey Bootsma from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee provided baseline values for nonpredatory zooplankton in Lake Michigan. Leonard Wassenaar from the University of Saskatchewan provided reference samples for stable isotope work. We also thank three anonymous reviewers, as their comments and suggestions greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2008.886). This is NOAA-GLERL contribution No. 1720. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1784 EP 1795 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0620 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CR UT WOS:000344605200004 ER PT J AU Anlauf-Dunn, KJ Ward, EJ Strickland, M Jones, K AF Anlauf-Dunn, Kara J. Ward, Eric J. Strickland, Matt Jones, Kim TI Habitat connectivity, complexity, and quality: predicting adult coho salmon occupancy and abundance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS; PACIFIC SALMON; STREAM; OREGON; DENSITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; MODELS AB The distribution, quality, and connectivity of instream habitat can influence adult salmon occupancy and abundance patterns and alter population dynamics. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) occupancy and abundance with instream habitat conditions, including measures of spawning gravel, habitat complexity, and juvenile rearing habitat. We used corresponding adult salmon spawning and instream habitat data collected within coastal Oregon watersheds as part of a long-term monitoring program. We modeled two processes as a function of habitat characteristics: the number of coho salmon when they were present and the occupancy probabilities of coho salmon. The results from both submodels were then combined into an estimate of total abundance at each site. Adult coho salmon occupancy was best predicted by the capacity of the habitat to support parr during the winter, complex pools, percent bedrock, and site distance to the ocean. Although lacking the predictive capacity of the occupancy model, increases in adult coho counts at sites were also influenced by the site distance to the ocean, and there is evidence that both percent gravel and complex pools may also be valuable predictors. By taking advantage of long-term datasets with broad spatial range, using an integrative approach across coho salmon life stages, and utilizing innovative Bayesian modeling techniques, this study is a unique approach to understanding a complicated ecological narrative. Combined, our results indicate the spatial distribution and proximity of spawning and rearing habitats may maximize productivity for coho salmon in coastal Oregon watersheds. C1 [Anlauf-Dunn, Kara J.; Strickland, Matt; Jones, Kim] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anlauf-Dunn, KJ (reprint author), Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, 28655 Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kara.Anlauf-Dunn@oregonstate.edu NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 44 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1864 EP 1876 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0162 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CR UT WOS:000344605200011 ER PT J AU Osterback, AMK Frechette, DM Hayes, SA Bond, MH Shaffer, SA Moore, JW AF Osterback, Ann-Marie K. Frechette, Danielle M. Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Shaffer, Scott A. Moore, Jonathan W. TI Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; SPRING/SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; ATLANTIC SALMON; AVIAN PREDATION; MARINE SURVIVAL; FISH CHARACTERISTICS; REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB We examined the role of individual size and origin (wild versus hatchery) to predation risk and marine survival for threatened juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal California watershed. In this study, we found that individual size and origin were strongly associated with increased predation risk of steelhead by a generalist avian predator (western gull, Larus occidentalis) and associated with survival to reproduction by tracking the fate of juvenile steelhead tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Across six cohorts (2005-2010), larger steelhead (>170 mm fork length (FL)) experienced marine survival rates at least 60 times higher than the smallest individuals. Predation risk by western gulls was highest for intermediate-sized fish (145-190 mm FL), which was at least ten times higher than the predation risk of the smallest individuals and four times higher than the predation risk of the largest individuals. Wild steelhead experienced both higher predation risk and higher survival rates than hatchery fish of the same size. Although gulls disproportionately remove intermediate-sized wild steelhead from the population, they also remove large wild individuals that may otherwise experience the highest adult return rates. Instead of focusing on population size alone, conservation measures could also be guided towards the recovery of larger and wild individuals, whose survival is paramount for population recovery. C1 [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Frechette, Danielle M.; Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Osterback, AMK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM aosterba@ucsc.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1009018]; California SeaGrant College [R/FISH-205]; Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; Services for Transfer and Re-entry Students at UC Santa Cruz; Marilyn C. and Raymond E. Davis Memorial Professional Development Award; International Order of Runeburg FX We thank C. Clatterbuck, A. Collins, A. Jones, C. Michel, D. Pearse, L. Pearse, J. Perez, N. Retford, the Salmon Ecology and Early Life History Teams at the NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center, and many UC Santa Cruz undergraduate volunteers for field support. This manuscript was substantially improved with data analysis recommendations from M. Beakes, C. Phillis, and S. Anderson and graphics support from W. Sears. We also thank the University of California Natural Reserve System for access to Ano Nuevo Island, which was provided and coordinated by P. Morris, G. Oliver, M. Hester, R. Carle, and R. Condit, and required logistic support from State Park Rangers. This project would not have been possible without access to Scott Creek watershed lands, as provided by Big Creek Lumber Company and Cal Poly's Swanton Pacific Ranch. Funding for this project was provided by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, the National Science Foundation grant No. DEB-1009018, and a fellowship granted by the California SeaGrant College R/FISH-205. Scholarships and awards from the Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, the Services for Transfer and Re-entry Students at UC Santa Cruz, the Marilyn C. and Raymond E. Davis Memorial Professional Development Award, and the International Order of Runeburg also contributed funding to this project. Comments from M. Carr, P. Raimondi, W. Satterthwaite, and S. Wilson greatly improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1877 EP 1887 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0097 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CR UT WOS:000344605200012 ER PT J AU Hardy, RF Tucker, AD Foley, AM Schroeder, BA Giove, RJ Meylan, AB AF Hardy, Robert F. Tucker, Anton D. Foley, Allen M. Schroeder, Barbara A. Giove, Robin J. Meylan, Anne B. TI Spatiotemporal occurrence of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the West Florida Shelf and apparent overlap with a commercial fishery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; MIGRATION; VIRGINIA AB Information on the spatial and temporal distribution of protected marine species is critical for the development of conservation strategies. We examined a 12-year dataset describing the postnesting residence areas of 81 adult female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The aggregation of loggerheads on the WFS represents at least four US recovery units for this protected species. We identified several seasonally persistent residence areas that were shared by multiple loggerheads on the WFS. The majority (69%) of individuals remained within a discrete residence area throughout the tracking period. We placed our results within the context of a related fishery management concern - loggerhead bycatch within the bottom longline component of the Gulf commercial reef-fish fishery. We characterized loggerhead residence areas and compared that information with fishing activity. Our results provide information on the distribution of WFS loggerhead residence areas and the extent to which residence areas overlap with areas of high fishing effort. Loggerheads were present year-round on portions of the WFS, within or near to areas with high fishing effort. Interactions among loggerheads and fishing activities could be reduced by conservation management strategies that consider these spatial and seasonal patterns of occurrence. C1 [Hardy, Robert F.; Giove, Robin J.; Meylan, Anne B.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab & Aquarium, Sarasota, FL USA. [Foley, Allen M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hardy, RF (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Robert.Hardy@MyFWC.com OI Tucker, Anton/0000-0003-2318-7819 FU NOAA Fisheries Service through a Species Recovery Grant [NA10NMF4720031]; NOAA Fisheries Service [40-WC-NF-004557]; USFWS [E-7]; Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Natural Resource Damage Assessment Loggerhead Pre-assessment; Morrison Family Foundation FX This study was funded by NOAA Fisheries Service through a Species Recovery Grant (NA10NMF4720031, awarded to A. M.). We also acknowledge the sources of funding for previous studies that directly contributed to this effort. FWC received support from NOAA Fisheries Service (40-WC-NF-004557) and from the USFWS (Project E-7). MMLA received funding from the Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program, the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Natural Resource Damage Assessment Loggerhead Pre-assessment, and the Morrison Family Foundation; additional support was received from private foundations and from individuals. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or any branch of the federal government. Erin Leone (FWC, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute) provided helpful advice and guidance on analyses used in this study. This manuscript was improved as a result of reviews by Jan Boyett, Bland Crowder, Tim Gowan, Shigetomo Hirama, Stacie Koslovsky (FWC, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute), and two anonymous reviewers. A. T. operated under IACUC permits from MMLA and under FWC Marine Turtle Permit No. 155. B. S. operated under FWC Marine Turtle Permit No. 124. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1924 EP 1933 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0128 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CR UT WOS:000344605200016 ER PT J AU Gaitan, CF Hsieh, WW Cannon, AJ AF Gaitan, Carlos F. Hsieh, William W. Cannon, Alex J. TI Comparison of statistically downscaled precipitation in terms of future climate indices and daily variability for southern Ontario and Quebec, Canada SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Statistical downscaling; Nonlinear methods; Climate extremes; Precipitation; Future evaluation; Artificial neural networks ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STOCHASTIC WEATHER GENERATORS; DAILY TEMPERATURE; NEURAL-NETWORKS; LOCAL CLIMATE; PREDICTORS; EXTREMES; OUTPUT; SCENARIOS; SIMULATIONS AB Given the coarse resolution of global climate models, downscaling techniques are often needed to generate finer scale projections of variables affected by local-scale processes such as precipitation. However, classical statistical downscaling experiments for future climate rely on the time-invariance assumption as one cannot know the true change in the variable of interest, nor validate the models with data not yet observed. Our experimental setup involves using the Canadian regional climate model (CRCM) outputs as pseudo-observations to estimate model performance in the context of future climate projections by replacing historical and future observations with model simulations from the CRCM, nested within the domain of the Canadian global climate model (CGCM). In particular, we evaluated statistically downscaled daily precipitation time series in terms of the Peirce skill score, mean absolute errors, and climate indices. Specifically, we used a variety of linear and nonlinear methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees and ensembles, multiple linear regression, and k-nearest neighbors to generate present and future daily precipitation occurrences and amounts. We obtained the predictors from the CGCM 3.1 20C3M (1971-2000) and A2 (2041-2070) simulations, and precipitation outputs from the CRCM 4.2 (forced with the CGCM 3.1 boundary conditions) as predictands. Overall, ANN models and tree ensembles outscored the linear models and simple nonlinear models in terms of precipitation occurrences, without performance deteriorating in future climate. In contrast, for the precipitation amounts and related climate indices, the performance of downscaling models deteriorated in future climate. C1 [Gaitan, Carlos F.; Hsieh, William W.; Cannon, Alex J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Cannon, Alex J.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada. RP Gaitan, CF (reprint author), NOAA, South Cent Climate Sci Ctr, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM cgaitan@eos.ubc.ca RI Gaitan Ospina, Carlos Felipe/E-5934-2011; Cannon, Alex/A-5747-2009; Hsieh, William/G-8380-2011 OI Gaitan Ospina, Carlos Felipe/0000-0003-3592-5196; Cannon, Alex/0000-0002-8025-3790; Hsieh, William/0000-0003-2654-392X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Special Research Opportunity (NSERC-SRO); Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge the data access integration (DAI) Team for providing the data (CGCM3 and CRCM 4.2) and technical support. The DAI Portal (http://loki.qc.ec.gc.ca/DAI/) is made possible through collaboration among the Global Environmental and Climate Change Centre (GEC3), the Adaptation and Impacts Research Division (AIRD) of Environment Canada, and the drought research initiative (DRI). The Ouranos Consortium (in Quebec) provides access of the CRCM. We are grateful for the support from a Special Research Opportunity grant awarded by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, and to Prof. Van Nguyen for leading the multi-university project. This work is part of the "Probabilistic assessment of regional changes in climate variability and extremes'' project funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Special Research Opportunity (NSERC-SRO) grant. The project aims to develop high-resolution climate change information with the Canadian GCMs and different downscaling methodologies. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3201 EP 3217 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2098-4 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3UX UT WOS:000344861900001 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Wang, CZ Han, GJ Li, W Wu, XR AF Wang, Xidong Wang, Chunzai Han, Guijun Li, Wei Wu, Xinrong TI Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE South China Sea circulation; Tropical cyclone; Heat transport; Air-sea interaction ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; SUMMER MONSOON; DEEP-OCEAN; EL-NINO; HURRICANE; ENERGY; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB In this study, we investigate the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea (SCS) by using an ocean general circulation model at a 1/8 degrees resolution during 2000-2008. The model uses a data assimilation system to assimilate observations in order to improve the representation of SCS circulation. The results reveal an unexpected deep SCS circulation anomaly induced by TCs, which suggests that effects of TC can penetrate deeper into the ocean. This deep effect may result from the near inertial oscillations excited by TCs. The inertial oscillations can propagate downward to the oceanic interior. The analyses confirm that TCs have two effects on ocean heat transport of the SCS. Firstly, the wind stress curl induced by TCs affects the structure of SCS circulation, and then changes heat transport. Secondly, TCs pump surface heat downward to the thermocline, increasing the heat injection from the atmosphere to the ocean. Two effects together amplify the outflow of the surface heat southward away the SCS through the Mindoro and Karimata Straits. The TC-induced heat transports through the Mindoro, Balabac and Karimata Straits account for 20 % of the total heat transport through three straits. An implication of this study is that ocean models need to simulate the TC effect on heat transport in order to correctly evaluate the role of the SCS through flow in regulating upper ocean circulation and climate in the Indonesian maritime continent and its adjacent regions. C1 [Wang, Xidong] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Wang, Xidong; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Xidong; Han, Guijun; Li, Wei; Wu, Xinrong] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, SOA, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, SOA, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xidong_wang@yahoo.com RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304, 2013CB430301]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178, 41376015]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; China Scholarship Council FX This study is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430304 and 2013CB430301), National Natural Science Foundation (41030854, 41106005, 41176003, 41206178 and 41376015) of China, and National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505) of China. Xidong Wang is supported by China Scholarship Council. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3351 EP 3366 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2109-5 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3UX UT WOS:000344861900009 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, MM Calvo, N Garfinkel, CI Butler, AH Ineson, S Cagnazzo, C Manzini, E Pena-Ortiz, C AF Hurwitz, Margaret M. Calvo, Natalia Garfinkel, Chaim I. Butler, Amy H. Ineson, Sarah Cagnazzo, Chiara Manzini, Elisa Pena-Ortiz, Cristina TI Extra-tropical atmospheric response to ENSO in the CMIP5 models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Stratosphere; Teleconnections; CMIP5 ID POOL EL-NINO; TELECONNECTIONS; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURES; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; WINTER AB The seasonal mean extra-tropical atmospheric response to El Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is assessed in the historical and pre-industrial control CMIP5 simulations. This analysis considers two types of El Nino events, characterized by positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in either the central equatorial Pacific (CP) or eastern equatorial Pacific (EP), as well as EP and CP La Nina events, characterized by negative SST anomalies in the same two regions. Seasonal mean geopotential height anomalies in key regions typify the magnitude and structure of the disruption of the Walker circulation cell in the tropical Pacific, upper tropospheric ENSO teleconnections and the polar stratospheric response. In the CMIP5 ensembles, the magnitude of the Walker cell disruption is correlated with the strength of the mid-latitude responses in the upper troposphere i.e., the North Pacific and South Pacific lows strengthen during El Nino events. The simulated responses to El Nino and La Nina have opposite sign. The seasonal mean extra-tropical, upper tropospheric responses to EP and CP events are indistinguishable. The ENSO responses in the MERRA reanalysis lie within the model scatter of the historical simulations. Similar responses are simulated in the pre-industrial and historical CMIP5 simulations. Overall, there is a weak correlation between the strength of the tropical response to ENSO and the strength of the polar stratospheric response. ENSO-related polar stratospheric variability is best simulated in the "high-top'' subset of models with a well-resolved stratosphere. C1 [Hurwitz, Margaret M.] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Hurwitz, Margaret M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Calvo, Natalia] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Garfinkel, Chaim I.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, CIRES, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ineson, Sarah] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Cagnazzo, Chiara] Consiglio Nazl Ric ISAC CNR, Ist Fis Atmosfera Clima, Rome, Italy. [Manzini, Elisa] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Pena-Ortiz, Cristina] Univ Pablo Olavide, Seville, Spain. RP Hurwitz, MM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM margaret.m.hurwitz@nasa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Cagnazzo, Chiara/C-7194-2015; garfinkel, chaim/H-6215-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; garfinkel, chaim/0000-0001-7258-666X; CALVO FERNANDEZ, NATALIA/0000-0001-6213-1864 FU NASA; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101] FX Margaret M. Hurwitz thanks the NASA Atmospheric Composition, Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program for funding, and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) DynVar for travel support. Sarah Ineson was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3367 EP 3376 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2110-z PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT3UX UT WOS:000344861900010 ER PT J AU Miller, MW AF Miller, Margaret W. TI Post-settlement survivorship in two Caribbean broadcasting corals SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; Orbicella faveolata; Florida Keys; Orientation; Recruitment ID ACROPORA-PALMATA; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; REEF; SURVIVAL; CONNECTIVITY; POPULATIONS; MACROALGAE; GROWTH; LARVAE AB The post-settlement phase of broadcast-spawned coral life histories is poorly known due to its almost complete undetectability and, hence, presumed low abundance in the field. We used lab-cultured settled polyps of two important Caribbean reef-building species with negligible larval recruitment to quantify early post-settlement survivorship (6-9 weeks) over multiple years/cohorts and differing orientation on a reef in the Florida Keys. Orbicella faveolata showed significantly and consistently better survivorship in vertical rather than horizontal orientation, but no discernable growth overall. Meanwhile, Acropora palmata showed no significant difference in survivorship between orientations, but significantly greater growth in the horizontal orientation. Both species showed significant variation in mean survivorship between cohorts of different years; 0-47 % for O. faveolata and 12-49 % for A. palmata over the observed duration. These results demonstrate wide variation in success of cohorts and important differences in the larval recruitment capacities of these two important but imperiled reef-building species. C1 NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Margaret.w.miller@Noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Mote Marine Laboratory Protect Our Reefs Program [POR-2009-14]; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary [FKNMS-2007-114, FKNMS-2010-055-A1, FKNMS-2012-101] FX I am indebted to a host of colleagues whose hard work enabled this report; D. Williams, A. Bright, C. Cameron, A. Valdivia, R. Wilborn, and L. Johnston. M. A. Coffroth and team collected larvae used in 2011. J. Fisch provided constructive comments on the manuscript. Funding and logistical support was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory Protect Our Reefs Program (Grant #POR-2009-14), and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (including permits FKNMS-2007-114, FKNMS-2010-055-A1 and FKNMS-2012-101). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1177-7 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0LW UT WOS:000344628500017 ER PT J AU Johnston, L Miller, MW AF Johnston, Lyza Miller, M. W. TI Negative indirect effects of neighbors on imperiled scleractinian corals SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Apparent competition; Associational effects; Corallivore; Coralliophila abbreviata; Acropora; Prey preference ID GASTROPOD CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA; CORALLIVOROUS GASTROPOD; APPARENT COMPETITION; ACROPORA-PALMATA; REEF RESTORATION; PREY; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY; HOSTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Predation pressure on an individual may be influenced by spatial associations with other organisms. In the case of rare and imperiled species, such indirect interactions may affect the persistence and recovery of local populations. This study examined the effects of coral neighborhood composition on the foraging behavior and impact of the corallivorous gastropod, Coralliophila abbreviata. We conducted a manipulative field experiment in which focal colonies of the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis had no neighbors, conspecific neighbors, alternative prey (Orbicella faveolata) neighbors, or non-prey (Porites asteroides) neighbors. Individually tagged C. abbreviata were then seeded into the study area and allowed to colonize the experimental plots. Initial colonization was significantly affected by the species of neighboring corals and snail abundance after colonization was negatively correlated with focal colony growth. Snails exhibited a strong prey preference for A. cervicornis over O. faveolata and responded numerically to neighborhood quality (i.e., relative preference for neighboring corals). Thus, conspecific neighbors had the greatest predator-mediated negative effect on focal colony performance followed by O. faveolata neighbors. The results suggest that C. abbreviata mediate apparent competition between O. faveolata and A. cervicornis as both species contributed to the local abundance of their shared predator. Additionally, home range estimates for tagged C. abbreviata were calculated, compared among sexes, and found to be significantly greater for males than for females. Overall, this study sheds light on the foraging behavior of an important coral predator and highlights the potential importance of consumer-mediated indirect interactions in the dynamics of severely reduced populations. The results also have direct implications for conservation and population enhancement efforts. C1 [Johnston, Lyza] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Miller, M. W.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Johnston, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ljohnston@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation and Aquarius Reef Base programs FX This project was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation and Aquarius Reef Base programs and conducted under Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary permit FKNMS-2008-031-A3. We thank D. E. Williams, A. Valdivia, R. Wilborn, A. Bright, and the staff of UNCW/Aquarius Reef Base for support and assistance in the field. We thank FKNMS (L. MacLaughlin) and the Coral Restoration Foundation (K. Nedimeyer) for access to coral transplants which made the experiments possible. Finally, we thank M. J. A. Vermeij for providing constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2014 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/s00338-014-1176-8 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0LW UT WOS:000344628500018 ER PT J AU Ellis, JH Friedman, DB Puett, R Scott, GI Porter, DE AF Ellis, Jamelle H. Friedman, Daniela B. Puett, Robin Scott, Geoffrey I. Porter, Dwayne E. TI A Qualitative Exploration of Fishing and Fish Consumption in the Gullah/Geechee Culture SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Community health; Health communication; Qualitative; Motivations; Fish consumption ID ADVISORY AWARENESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTH; TIES; COMMUNICATION; COMPREHENSION; INFORMATION; STRATEGIES; EXPOSURE; MEANINGS AB The Gullah/Geechee (G/G) heritage is rooted in a culture largely dependent on fish and seafood as a primary food source. Research suggests that African-American (AA) fishers in the Southeastern US consume larger amounts of fish, potentially exposing them to higher environmental contaminant levels. This in-depth study was conducted to explore G/G and AA Sea Island attitudes, perceptions, and cultural beliefs about fishing in one urban and two rural South Carolina coastal counties. Results indicated that study participants in rural counties had slightly different perspectives of fishing (e.g. fishing as an essential dietary supplement) than in urban counties where fishing was viewed more as relaxation. Major misperceptions existed in all counties between fish consumption advisories related to pollution versus harvesting restrictions associated with fishing regulations. Providing clear, culturally tailored health messages regarding fish advisories will promote more informed choices about fish consumption that will minimize potential exposures to environmental pollutants. C1 [Ellis, Jamelle H.; Porter, Dwayne E.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Friedman, Daniela B.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Statewide Canc Prevent & Control Program, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav,Core Fac, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Puett, Robin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Inst Appl Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.] NOAA Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ellis, JH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 915 Greene St,Suite 518, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM Jamelle.ellis3@gmail.com NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 EI 1573-3610 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD DEC PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1170 DI 10.1007/s10900-014-9871-5 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AT0DJ UT WOS:000344606900019 PM 24737279 ER PT J AU Boss, MA Mates, JAB Busch, SE SanGiorgio, P Russek, SE Buckenmaier, K Irwin, KD Cho, HM Hilton, GC Clarke, J AF Boss, Michael A. Mates, John A. B. Busch, Sarah E. SanGiorgio, Paul Russek, Stephen E. Buckenmaier, Kai Irwin, Kent D. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Hilton, Gene C. Clarke, John TI Prototype Phantoms for Characterization of Ultralow Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ultralow field; ultralow field magnetic resonance imaging; phantom; T-1; proton density; spatial resolution; superconducting quantum interference device ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; 132 MU-T; MRI; NMR AB PurposePrototype phantoms were designed, constructed, and characterized for the purpose of calibrating ultralow field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) systems. The phantoms were designed to measure spatial resolution and to quantify sensitivity to systematic variation of proton density and relaxation time, T-1. MethodsThe phantoms were characterized first with conventional magnetic resonance scanners at 1.5 and 3 T, and subsequently with a prototype ULF MRI scanner between 107 and 128 T. ResultsThe ULF system demonstrated a 2-mm spatial resolution and, using T-1 measurements, distinguished aqueous solutions of MnCl2 differing by 20 M [Mn2+]. ConclusionThe prototype phantoms proved well-matched to ULF MRI applications, and allowed direct comparison of the performance of ULF and clinical systems. Magn Reson Med 72:1793-1800, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Boss, Michael A.; Mates, John A. B.; Russek, Stephen E.; Irwin, Kent D.; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Hilton, Gene C.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Busch, Sarah E.; SanGiorgio, Paul; Buckenmaier, Kai; Clarke, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boss, MA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 818-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.boss@nist.gov FU Donaldson Trust; National Institutes of Health FX Grant sponsor: Donaldson Trust; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0740-3194 EI 1522-2594 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1793 EP 1800 DI 10.1002/mrm.25060 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AT2XS UT WOS:000344798300031 PM 24281979 ER PT J AU Hecht, BC Valle, ME Thrower, FP Nichols, KM AF Hecht, Benjamin C. Valle, Madeline E. Thrower, Frank P. Nichols, Krista M. TI Divergence in Expression of Candidate Genes for the Smoltification Process Between Juvenile Resident Rainbow and Anadromous Steelhead Trout SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Maturation; Migration; Smoltification; Trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; TIME RT-PCR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON AB Rainbow and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), among other salmonid fishes, exhibit tremendous life history diversity, foremost of which is variation in migratory propensity. While some individuals possess the ability to undertake an anadromous marine migration, others remain resident in freshwater throughout their life cycle. Those that will migrate undergo tremendous physiological, morphological, and behavioral transformations in a process called smoltification which transitions freshwater-adapted parr to marine-adapted smolts. While the behavior, ecology, and physiology of smoltification are well described, our understanding of the proximate genetic mechanisms that trigger the process are not well known. Quantitative genetic analyses have identified several genomic regions associated with smoltification and migration-related traits within this species. Here we investigate the divergence in gene expression of 18 functional and positional candidate genes for the smoltification process in the brain, gill, and liver tissues of migratory smolts, resident parr, and precocious mature male trout at the developmental stage of out-migration. Our analysis reveals several genes differentially expressed between life history classes and validates the candidate nature of several genes in the parr-smolt transformation including Clock1 alpha, FSH beta, GR, GH2, GHR1, GHR2, NDK7, p53, SC6a7, Taldo1, THR alpha, THR beta, and Vdac2. C1 [Hecht, Benjamin C.; Valle, Madeline E.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hecht, Benjamin C.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hecht, Benjamin C.] Fishery Sci Dept, Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU Ecological Genetics Area of Excellence in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; [NSF-DEB-0845265] FX The authors would like to thank the research and support staff at the Little Port Walter Marine Research Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Baranof Island, AK, particularly Pat Malecha, Dan Koenig, Don Cummins, and Charlie Waters for the rearing and husbandry of the juvenile rainbow and steelhead trout used in this experiment. We thank and acknowledge Katlin Walls, Julie Scardina, Matt Hale, Ashley Chin-Baarstad, Roxanne Croxall, and Shannon Torstrom for their tremendous and invaluable assistance in the lab both in design and execution of qPCR experiments and the selection of candidate genes. We thank Andreas Brezas and Barrie Robison for valuable insight on qPCR analysis. We additionally thank Shawn Narum, Ken Overturf, and Ron Hardy for support and use of lab equipment, and anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved this manuscript. This work was partially funded by a NSF-DEB-0845265 Career Award to KMN and by funding through the Ecological Genetics Area of Excellence in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 EI 1436-2236 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 16 IS 6 BP 638 EP 656 DI 10.1007/s10126-014-9579-7 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS9DQ UT WOS:000344543800003 PM 24952010 ER PT J AU Yeung, C Yang, MS AF Yeung, Cynthia Yang, Mei-Sun TI Habitat and infauna prey availability for flatfishes in the northern Bering Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic communities; Bottom trawl survey; Climate; Diets; Infauna; Spatial distribution ID ST-LAWRENCE-ISLAND; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CHUKCHI SEAS; PACIFIC FLATFISHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIET-OVERLAP; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SOLEA-SOLEA; SHELF; FISH AB Yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), and Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) are valuable flatfishes in the southeastern Bering Sea (EBS) bottom trawl fishery. The northern Bering Sea (NBS) is near their northern distribution limit. We conducted the first assessment of NBS habitat suitability for these benthivorous flatfishes from the perspective of prey availability in 2010. Benthic samples were collected at 12 trawl stations along a meridional transect extending from 60.5 degrees N to 64.5 degrees N east of St. Lawrence Island to characterize the prey environment. Stomach contents from the flatfishes were concomitantly collected to relate diets to prey fields. The diet compositions did not correspond spatially with the infauna communities. The flatfishes elected a prey group regardless of its relative availability. The spatial mismatch between diet and infauna compositions suggests that prey availability was high in the NBS. The flatfishes generally have versatile diets, but they were more selective of their prey here than in the EBS. The biomass and the abundance of the infauna along the transect were comparable with the EBS. Although niche overlap was high in the NBS, competition for food was likely lower than in the EBS because of the lower density of flatfish. The bottom temperatures in the NBS were in the same range as the EBS during the summer of 2010. The NBS appears to be suitable flatfish habitat at least during the summer ice-free period. The effects of climate warming on the prey environment and on the production and distribution of flatfish are complex and difficult to predict, but if the NBS were to shift over time toward milder winter conditions that more resemble the EBS, its suitability as flatfish habitat would presumably increase based on the present prey availability. C1 [Yeung, Cynthia; Yang, Mei-Sun] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yeung, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cynthia.yeung@noaa.gov; mei-sun.yang@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1769 EP 1784 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1560-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT1ZC UT WOS:000344728400005 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Hinke, Jefferson T. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) survival rates and their relationship to environmental indices in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Demography; Life history; Seabird; Markrecapture ID LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; LAST 50 YEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; FLIPPER-BANDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PENINSULA REGION; EMPEROR PENGUIN; ADULT SURVIVAL AB Seabird life history is typified by low fecundity, high adult survival rates, and relatively long lives. Such traits act as buffers, enabling persistence of populations under variable environmental conditions. Numerous studies, however, have suggested strong sensitivity of seabirds to environmental variability. In the Antarctic Peninsula region, for example, Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) populations have declined during the last three decades, attributed largely to rapid changes in environmental conditions and food availability. We use 30 years of markrecapture data from known-age individuals in the South Shetland Islands and capture-mark-recapture models to estimate survival rates with respect to such environmental variation. We investigated specifically whether negative trends in survival rates were evident and whether indices of global, regional, and local environmental conditions considered important for Adelie penguin survival explained the variability in survival rates. Overall, negative trends in juvenile survival were evident, but adult survival rates exhibited high interannual variability. Indices of sea ice extent had the strongest correlations with survival rates, particularly Weddell Sea ice extent during spring among adults (r = 0.62) and during winter for juveniles (r = 0.46). An analysis of deviance, however, suggested that single environmental covariates explained <30 % of the observed variation in the full mark-recapture models. Despite positive effects of sea ice extent on survival rates of Adelie penguins, limited explanatory power of several environmental conditions previously identified as important for Adelie penguin survival underscores the difficulty of predicting future population responses in this region of rapid environmental change. C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; SGT; Lenfest Oceans Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts FX Many thanks to numerous field biologists whose commitment to long-term observations in the Antarctic made this study possible. Financial support was generously provided by numerous National Science Foundation grants to W.Z.T. and SGT between 1980 and 2010 and J.T.H. was supported by the Lenfest Oceans Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts. All studies were conducted with under approved UCSD Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permits to W.Z.T. Comments by G. Kooyman, J. Laake, and M. Goebel and three anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 121 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1797 EP 1809 DI 10.1007/s00300-014-1562-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT1ZC UT WOS:000344728400007 ER PT J AU Castello, PR Hill, I Sivo, F Portelli, L Barnes, F Usselman, R Martino, CF AF Castello, Pablo R. Hill, Iain Sivo, Frank Portelli, Lucas Barnes, Frank Usselman, Robert Martino, Carlos F. TI Inhibition of Cellular Proliferation and Enhancement of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Fibrosarcoma Cell Line by Weak Radio Frequency Magnetic Fields SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency; magnetic field effects; cellular growth curves; cancer cells; hydrogen peroxide; radical pair mechanism ID GROWTH AB This study presents experimental data for the effects of weak radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and cellular growth rates of fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in vitro. Cells were exposed either to 45 mu T static magnetic fields (SMFs)-oriented vertical to the plane of growth or to SMFs combined with weak 5 and 10MHz RF magnetic fields of 10 mu T-RMS intensity perpendicular to the static field. Cell numbers were reduced up to 30% on Day 2 for the cells exposed to the combination of SMF and a 10MHz RF magnetic field compared with the SMF control cells. In addition, cells exposed to 10MHz RF magnetic fields for 8h increased H2O2 production by 55%. The results demonstrate an overall magnetic field-induced biological effect that shows elevated H2O2 levels with accompanying decrease in cellular growth rates. Bioelectromagnetics 35:598-602, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Castello, Pablo R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Pharm & Biochem, Inst Chem & Biol Phys Chem, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Castello, Pablo R.; Hill, Iain; Martino, Carlos F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sivo, Frank; Portelli, Lucas; Barnes, Frank] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Usselman, Robert] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Martino, Carlos F.] Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen, Inst Occupat Med, Res Ctr Bioelectromagnet Interact, Aachen, Germany. RP Martino, CF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, MS 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM cmartino@fit.edu RI Martino, Carlos/C-6597-2016 OI Martino, Carlos/0000-0002-0560-2604 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Grant sponsor: National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD DEC PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 598 EP 602 DI 10.1002/bem.21858 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA AS9GP UT WOS:000344551600006 PM 25251337 ER PT J AU Wirth, EF Pennington, PL Cooksey, C Schwacke, L Balthis, L Hyland, J Fulton, MH AF Wirth, E. F. Pennington, P. L. Cooksey, C. Schwacke, L. Balthis, L. Hyland, J. Fulton, M. H. TI Distribution and sources of PCBs (Aroclor 1268) in the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Aroclor 1268; PCB; Regional assessment; Sapelo Island NERRs ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TOXAPHENE; SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINANTS; MARINE; RIVER; FISH AB Aroclor 1268 is a highly chlorinated PCB mixture that was released into the aquatic environment near Brunswick, GA (BR), as a result of decades of local industrial activity. This extensive contamination has led to US EPA Superfund designation in estuarine areas in and around Purvis Creek, GA. Roughly 50 km to the northeast is the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve (SI) where previous studies have documented unexpectedly high Aroclor 1268-like PCB levels in blubber and plasma samples of resident bottlenose dolphins. This result led to a collaborative effort to assess the PCB patterns and concentrations in SI sediment and fish (as potential vectors for PCB transfer to SI resident dolphins). Thirty SI randomly assigned stations were sampled for sediment PCB levels. Additionally, fish were collected and analyzed from SI (n = 31) and BR (n = 33). Results were pooled with regional assessments of PCB concentrations from South Carolina and North Carolina in an effort to determine the association of Aroclor 1268 levels in SI samples. Results indicated that PCB levels in sediment and fish are much lower in the SI estuary compared to BR sediment and fish concentrations. However, PCB congener profiles for both sediments and fish were similar between the two locations and consistent with the Aroclor 1268 signature, indicating possible transport from the Brunswick area. A likely source of Aroclor 1268 in dolphins from SI is contaminated fish prey. C1 [Wirth, E. F.; Schwacke, L.] NOAA, NCCOS, HML, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Wirth, E. F.; Pennington, P. L.; Cooksey, C.; Balthis, L.; Hyland, J.; Fulton, M. H.] NOAA, NCCOS, CCEHBR, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Wirth, EF (reprint author), NOAA, NCCOS, HML, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM ed.wirth@noaa.gov FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Dorset Hurley, Research Coordinator at the Sapelo Island NERR for project management and insight, Georgia Department of Natural Resources for fish collections from the Brunswick, GA estuaries, Dan Liebert, JHT contractor to NOAA for chemical analysis, and the many manuscript reviewers both internal to NOAA and the journal who helped complete this manuscript. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 186 IS 12 BP 8717 EP 8726 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-4039-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS6BF UT WOS:000344349200048 PM 25208520 ER PT J AU Glaser, SM Fogarty, MJ Liu, H Altman, I Hsieh, CH Kaufman, L MacCall, AD Rosenberg, AA Ye, H Sugihara, G AF Glaser, Sarah M. Fogarty, Michael J. Liu, Hui Altman, Irit Hsieh, Chih-Hao Kaufman, Les MacCall, Alec D. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Ye, Hao Sugihara, George TI Complex dynamics may limit prediction in marine fisheries SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Complexity; coupled human natural systems; fisheries population dynamics; forecasting models; nonlinear dynamics; prediction ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REGIME SHIFTS; FISH STOCKS; CHAOS; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Complex nonlinear dynamics in marine fisheries create challenges for prediction and management, yet the extent to which they occur in fisheries is not well known. Using nonlinear forecasting models, we analysed over 200 time series of survey abundance and landings from two distinct ecosystems for patterns of dynamic complexity (dimensionality and nonlinear dynamics) and predictability. Differences in system dimensionality and nonlinear dynamics were associated with time series that reflected human intervention via fishing effort, implying the coupling between human and natural systems generated dynamics distinct from those detected in the natural resource subsystem alone. Estimated dimensionality was highest for landings and higher in abundance indices of unfished species than fished species. Fished species were more likely to display nonlinear dynamics than unfished species, and landings were significantly less predictable than abundance indices. Results were robust to variation in life history characteristics. Dynamics were predictable over a 1-year time horizon in seventy percent of time series, but predictability declined exponentially over a 5-year horizon. The ability to make predictions in fisheries systems is therefore extremely limited. To our knowledge, this is the first cross-system comparative study, and the first at the scale of individual species, to analyse empirically the dynamic complexity observed in fisheries data and to quantify predictability broadly. We outline one application of shortterm forecasts to a precautionary approach to fisheries management that could improve how uncertainty and forecast error are incorporated into assessment through catch limit buffers. C1 [Glaser, Sarah M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Glaser, Sarah M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Altman, Irit; Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ye, Hao; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Glaser, SM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, POB 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM sglaser@wm.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008; OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272; Ye, Hao/0000-0002-8630-1458 FU Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA08OAR4320894, NA09NMF4720177] FX We thank E. Klein, E. Deyle, B. Carr, C. Perreti, S. Munch, and L. Storch for valuable discussion of this approach. C. Hendrix provided input on GLM analysis. L. Alade, E. Brooks, C. Legault, T. Miller, P. Nitsche, L. O'Brien, M. Palmer, A. Richards, G. Shepherd, M. Terceiro, and S. Wigley graciously provided data and advice for the NES region. Funding was provided through NA08OAR4320894 and NA09NMF4720177, grants from the Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) program, a partnership between the U.S. National Science Foundation and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. The authors declare that we have no conflicts of interest to report. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 15 IS 4 BP 616 EP 633 DI 10.1111/faf.12037 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS6FG UT WOS:000344359300004 ER PT J AU Witherell, P Feng, S Simpson, TW Saint John, DB Michaleris, P Liu, ZK Chen, LQ Martukanitz, R AF Witherell, Paul Feng, Shaw Simpson, Timothy W. Saint John, David B. Michaleris, Pan Liu, Zi-Kui Chen, Long-Qing Martukanitz, Rich TI Toward Metamodels for Composable and Reusable Additive Manufacturing Process Models SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; process models; metamodel; physics-based models; predictive modeling ID POWDER-BED; LASER; METAL; RESOLIDIFICATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITION; POOL AB In this paper, we advocate for a more harmonized approach to model development for additive manufacturing (AM) processes, through classification and metamodeling that will support AM process model composability, reusability, and integration. We review several types of AM process models and use the direct metal powder bed fusion AM process to provide illustrative examples of the proposed classification and metamodel approach. We describe how a coordinated approach can be used to extend modeling capabilities by promoting model composability. As part of future work, a framework is envisioned to realize a more coherent strategy for model development and deployment. C1 [Witherell, Paul; Feng, Shaw] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Timothy W.; Saint John, David B.; Michaleris, Pan] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Liu, Zi-Kui; Chen, Long-Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Martukanitz, Rich] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. RP Witherell, P (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.witherell@nist.gov; shaw.feng@nist.gov; tws8@psu.edu; dbs198@psu.edu; pxm32@psu.edu; liu@matse.psu.edu; lqc3@psu.edu; rxm44@arl.psu.edu RI Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 EI 1528-8935 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2014 VL 136 IS 6 SI SI AR 061025 DI 10.1115/1.4028533 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AS6SQ UT WOS:000344393000027 ER PT J AU Arney, D Rentachinthala, V Troup, D Maji, A Fillinger, A Diduch, L Sayrafian, K Goldman, JM AF Arney, Dave Rentachinthala, Venkata Troup, Dennis Maji, Anand Fillinger, Antoine Diduch, Lukas Sayrafian, Kamran Goldman, Julian M. TI ICE Data Logger Prototype SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arney, Dave; Goldman, Julian M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Goldman, Julian M.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Sayrafian, Kamran] NIST, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 119 SU 1 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA V45PE UT WOS:000209827700064 ER PT J AU Zavorotny, VU Gleason, S Cardellach, E Camps, A AF Zavorotny, Valery U. Gleason, Scott Cardellach, Estel Camps, Adriano TI Tutorial on Remote Sensing Using GNSS Bistatic Radar of Opportunity SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In traditional GNSS applications, signals arriving at a receiver's antenna from nearby reflecting surfaces (multipath) interfere with the signals received directly from the satellites which can often result in a reduction of positioning accuracy. About two decades ago researchers produced an idea to use reflected GNSS signals for remote- sensing applications. In this new concept a GNSS transmitter together with a receiver capable of processing GNSS scattered signals of opportunity becomes bistatic radar. By properly processing the scattered signal, this system can be configured either as an altimeter, or a scatterometer allowing us to estimate such characteristics of land or ocean surface as height, roughness, or dielectric properties of the underlying media. From there, using various methods the geophysical parameters can be estimated such as mesoscale ocean topography, ocean surface winds, soil moisture, vegetation, snowpack, and sea ice. Depending on the platform of the GNSS receiver (stationary, airborne, or spaceborne), the capabilities of this technique and specific methods for processing of the reflected signals may vary. In this tutorial, we describe this new remotesensing technique, discuss some of the interesting results that have been already obtained, and give an overview of current and planned spacecraft missions. C1 [Zavorotny, Valery U.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gleason, Scott] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cardellach, Estel] ICE CSIC, IEEC, Barcelona, Spain. [Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona Tech, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Zavorotny, VU (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Gleason, Scott/0000-0002-8387-5093 NR 195 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 2 IS 4 BP 8 EP 45 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2014.2374220 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V45PX UT WOS:000209829600003 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF AF Cronin, Meghan F. TI Meghan F. Cronin SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700051 ER PT J AU Garzoli, SL AF Garzoli, Silvia L. TI Silvia L. Garzoli SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Garzoli, Silvia L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garzoli, Silvia L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM silvia.garzoli@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700077 ER PT J AU Johns, L AF Johns, Libby (Elizabeth) TI Libby (Elizabeth) Johns SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Johns, Libby (Elizabeth)] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Johns, L (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM libby.johns@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700107 ER PT J AU Mecray, EL AF Mecray, Ellen L. TI Ellen L. Mecray SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Mecray, Ellen L.] NOAA, Eastern Reg, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Taunton, MA USA. RP Mecray, EL (reprint author), NOAA, Eastern Reg, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Taunton, MA USA. EM ellen.l.mecray@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700138 ER PT J AU Perez, RC AF Perez, Renellys C. TI Renellys C. Perez SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Perez, RC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. EM rperez@rsmas.miami.edu RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700156 ER PT J AU Schmid, C AF Schmid, Claudia TI Claudia Schmid SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Schmid, Claudia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700175 ER PT J AU Sullivan, K AF Sullivan, Kathryn TI Kathryn Sullivan SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Sullivan, Kathryn] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Sullivan, K (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700190 ER PT J AU Turner, E AF Turner, Elizabeth TI Elizabeth Turner SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Turner, Elizabeth] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Durham, NH USA. RP Turner, E (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Durham, NH USA. EM elizabeth.turner@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 SU S BP 240 EP 240 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA V44BO UT WOS:000209724700201 ER PT J AU Akabori, K Huang, K Treece, BW Jablin, MS Maranville, B Woll, A Nagle, JF Garcia, AE Tristram-Nagle, S AF Akabori, Kiyotaka Huang, Kun Treece, Bradley W. Jablin, Michael S. Maranville, Brian Woll, Arthur Nagle, John F. Garcia, Angel E. Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie TI HIV-1 Tat membrane interactions probed using X-ray and neutron scattering, CD spectroscopy and MD simulations SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Low-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS); Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS); Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations; Lipid bilayer structure cell-penetrating peptide; Peptide translocation; Membrane pore ID CELL-PENETRATING PEPTIDES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIPID-BILAYERS; TRANSDUCTION DOMAIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PORE FORMATION; FORCE-FIELDS; SIDE-CHAIN; PROTEIN AB We report the effect on lipid bilayers of the Tat peptide Y(47)GRKKRRQRRR(57) from the HIV-1 virus transactivator of translation (Tat) protein. Synergistic use of low-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and atomistic molecular dynamic simulations (MD) indicate Tat peptide binding to neutral dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC) lipid headgroups. This binding induced the local lipid phosphate groups to move 3 A closer to the center of the bilayer. Many of the positively charged guanidinium components of the arginines were as close to the center of the bilayer as the locally thinned lipid phosphate groups. LAXS data for DOPC, DOPC/dioleoylphosphoethanolamine (DOPE), DOPC/dioleoylphosphoserine (DOPS), and a mimic of the nuclear membrane gave similar results. Generally, the Tat peptide decreased the bilayer bending modulus IQ and increased the area/lipid. Further indications that Tat softens a membrane, thereby facilitating translocation, were provided by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and neutron scattering. CD spectroscopy was also applied to further characterize Tat/membrane interactions. Although a mechanism for translation remains obscure, this study suggests that the peptide/lipid interaction makes the Tat peptide poised to translocate from the headgroup region. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Akabori, Kiyotaka; Treece, Bradley W.; Jablin, Michael S.; Nagle, John F.; Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Huang, Kun; Garcia, Angel E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Maranville, Brian] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woll, Arthur] Cornell Univ, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tristram-Nagle, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM stn@cmu.edu RI Tristram-Nagle, Prof. Stephanie/N-7811-2014; Nagle, John/B-1917-2015 OI Tristram-Nagle, Prof. Stephanie/0000-0003-2271-7056; Nagle, John/0000-0002-9844-5934 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [GM44976, GM86801]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]; NIH/NIGMS under NSF [DMR-0936384] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award GM44976 (PIs JFN, STN) and GM86801 (PI AG). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We acknowledge the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the NIH/NIGMS under NSF award DMR-0936384. We acknowledge the Center for Molecular Analysis at Carnegie Mellon University for use of the Jasco 715 and for mass spectrometry analysis and the Protein Synthesis Core of the University of Pittsburgh for peptide production. The MD simulations in this work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE # MCB130178), which is supported by NSF # ACI-1053575. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Rieko Ishima for carrying out NMR measurements, Leah Langer for help using Matlab with the neutron scattering data and Laura Carroll for carrying out CD measurements. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Jeffery Krzywon at NIST for technical help with our hydration chamber. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 1838 IS 12 BP 3078 EP 3087 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.014 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA AR8TM UT WOS:000343847200011 PM 25148702 ER PT J AU Chittaro, PM Zabel, RW Haught, K Sanderson, BL Kennedy, BP AF Chittaro, P. M. Zabel, R. W. Haught, K. Sanderson, B. L. Kennedy, B. P. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and consumption by juvenile spring/summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Generalized least squares models; Somatic growth and consumption rate; Proportion of maximum consumption ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; PACIFIC SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; YELLOW PERCH; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; HABITAT QUALITY; ESSENTIAL FISH; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB Somatic growth is often used as a metric of habitat quality, but such an approach has limitations because growth results from complex interactions between abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, we derived estimates of weekly growth (based on otolith growth increments) across several months for four populations of threatened Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from the Salmon River Basin, Idaho, USA. Although mean stream temperature varied by 2-5 degrees C across populations, growth across the season did not vary significantly by population. To investigate this further, we applied a bioenergetics model that produced estimates of consumption rates. We then examined how growth and consumption rates varied according to rearing stream and day in the season. Using generalized least squares models, somatic growth (g.day(-1)) was best explained by stream and date, yet a model with only date had moderate support, and thus indicated limited support for stream effects. Specific consumption rate (g.g(-1).day(-1) and J.g(-1).day(-1)) was best explained using a model that included main effects of stream and date. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that higher temperatures confer higher metabolic costs that require greater consumption to produce similar growth rates in cooler streams. This highlights that similarity in growth rate among streams may mask changes in individual behavior and/or energetic acquisition associated with differences in temperatures among streams. Results of this study represent the first steps towards identifying factors that underlie important population level and habitat quality differences. C1 [Chittaro, P. M.; Zabel, R. W.; Haught, K.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sanderson, B. L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kennedy, B. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2014 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1409 DI 10.1007/s10641-014-0230-2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR9RA UT WOS:000343911300010 ER PT J AU Ching, EJ Avedisian, CT Carrier, MJ Cavicchi, RC Young, JR Land, BR AF Ching, Eric J. Avedisian, C. Thomas Carrier, Michael J. Cavicchi, Richard C. Young, James R. Land, Bruce R. TI Measurement of the bubble nucleation temperature of water on a pulse-heated thin platinum film supported by a membrane using a low-noise bridge circuit SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Boiling; Superheat; Bubble nucleation; Inkjet; Bubbles; Printer; Microscale; Bubble pump; Homogeneous nucleation ID HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; LIQUIDS; SURFACE; MICROPUMP; GROWTH AB This study describes the performance of stress-minimized platinum (Pt) films supported by thin membranes (200 nm thick) to promote bubble nucleation of water near its theoretical superheat limit. The membrane configurations consist of Pt films deposited on 200 nm thick SIN films over bulk Si, with membranes being formed by etching Si from the back side of the films. Results are compared with more conventional Pt films supported by SiO2 and Si substrates. The average metal temperature is monitored by a bridge circuit with capacitive and inductive filtering to reduce noise in the output signal. Voltage pulses with durations ranging between 0.5 and 10 mu s are imposed on the bridge to electrically heat the Pt film. The paper includes discussion of fabrication of the films, their treatment prior to using them as temperature sensors, the bridge circuit design for monitoring the change in electrical resistance during the power pulse, the calibration process of the films, and results of the bubble nucleation temperatures for the range of pulse durations examined. The results show that significantly less power is needed to trigger bubble nucleation on a membrane-supported platinum film compared to a platinum film on a bulk Si substrate. The nucleation temperatures which were closest to the theoretical limit of water were realized at heating rates of nearly 10(9) C/s. The potential for employing back-side etched devices is suggested for fundamental studies of phase transitions of highly superheated liquids and in applications where bubble nucleation is an important process such as for ink-jet printers and microscale bubble pump concepts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ching, Eric J.; Avedisian, C. Thomas; Young, James R.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Carrier, Michael J.; Cavicchi, Richard C.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Land, Bruce R.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD); Cornell University Engineering Learning Initiatives Program FX This project was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) and the Cornell University Engineering Learning Initiatives Program to EJC. Fabrication of the microheater structures was carried out at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST). The contributions of Messrs. Robert Chen (Sensata Corp.), Jeremy Horwitz, and Jeff Rah (Cornell) are much appreciated. We also gratefully acknowledge the expertise of Mr. Christopher Montgomery (NIST) for assembly of the microheater devices into operational packages. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 79 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.081 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AR7TE UT WOS:000343781900010 ER PT J AU Bock, C AF Bock, Conrad TI Componentization in the Systems Modeling Language SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE); Systems Modeling Language (SysML); modularization; components AB This paper describes new capabilities in the Systems Modeling Language that reduce the complexity of specifying systems through componentization, and increase the range of systems that can be specified. Modelers can identify portions of components available for connection to other components, and specify how systems make use of them. This reduces the complexity of specifying system by lowering the number of ways components can be connected, partly by hiding portions of components, and partly by limiting how exposed portions can be connected to others. The paper introduces basic SysML concepts and notations for specifying components and assembling them into a system. It covers capabilities added to SysML enabling a wider range of systems to be modeled, through detailed specification of the portions of components available for connection to other components, and detailed specification of the connections between them. These capabilities are described by relating models to potential systems built to meet the specifications, an approach typical in specifying semantics of formal languages. The paper is intended for those concerned with increased precision in SysML concepts, such as builders of model analyzers, checkers, and other automated support for systems engineering. It also enables more reliable interpretation of the SysML models generally, for example, during manufacturing and other stages of the product lifecycle. Examples are given in SysML notation for each concept. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bock, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM conrad.bock@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 EI 1520-6858 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.1002/sys.21276 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AR9AD UT WOS:000343862000002 ER PT J AU Lundahl, B Logar, J Desrosiers, M Puhl, J AF Lundahl, Brad Logar, John Desrosiers, Marc Puhl, James TI Effects of dose fractionation on the response of alanine dosimetry SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Meeting on Radiation Processing (IMRP) CY NOV 04-08, 2013 CL IIA, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Jaingsu Dasheng Electron Accelerator Co Ltd, SQHL HO IIA DE Alanine Dosimetry; Dose Fractionation; Electron Beam; Gamma; Influence Quantities AB Alanine dosimetry is well established as a transfer standard and is becoming more prevalently used in routine dosimetry systems for radiation processing. Many routine measurement applications in radiation processing involve absorbed dose measurements resulting from fractioned exposures to ionizing radiation. Fractioning of absorbed dose is identified as an influence quantity (ISO/ASTM, 2013). This paper reports on study results of absorbed dose fractioning characteristics of alanine for gamma and high energy electron beam radiation sources. The results of this study indicate a radiation response difference due to absorbed dose fractioning in response can be observed after four fractionations for high-energy electron beams and no difference up to seven fractions for gamma rays using an ANOVA evaluation method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lundahl, Brad; Logar, John] Johnson & Johnson Steril Assurance, San Clemente, CA 92673 USA. [Desrosiers, Marc; Puhl, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM blundahl@its.jnj.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 105 BP 94 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.06.019 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AQ7TO UT WOS:000343022300018 ER PT J AU Waters, EC Seung, CK Hartley, ML Dalton, MG AF Waters, Edward C. Seung, Chang K. Hartley, Marcus L. Dalton, Michael G. TI Measuring the multiregional economic contribution of an Alaska fishing fleet with linkages to international markets SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Economic contribution; Alaska head and gut fishing fleet; Multiregional social accounting matrix model ID FISHERIES AB The Alaska head and gut (H&G) fishing fleet, a major component of the Bering Sea Aleutian Islands region (BSAI) groundfish fisheries, was recently rationalized under Amendment 80 (A80) to the BSAI groundfish fishery management plan. Economic impacts from H&G sector activities occur not only in Alaska but also extend to other U.S. regions via economic linkages with economic agents in those regions. Using a multiregional social accounting matrix (MRSAM) model of three U.S. regions (Alaska, West Coast, and rest of USA), the multiregional contribution of the H&G industry is estimated, and multiregional impacts of selected shifts in H&G sector production are evaluated in terms of changes in output, employment and income. Results indicate that the A80 H&G fleet vessels are important participants in Alaska fisheries, that more than half of the impacts from the H&G fleet on total output and about 80% of the impacts on household income accrue outside Alaska, and that the H&G fleet is relatively insensitive to variations in world prices of its primary products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seung, Chang K.; Dalton, Michael G.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hartley, Marcus L.] No Econ Inc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edwaters@hotmail.com; Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; marcus.hartley@norecon.com; Michael.Dalton@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 BP 238 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.003 PN A PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AQ1FW UT WOS:000342528300027 ER PT J AU Torres, MD Felthoven, RG AF Torres, Marcelo de O. Felthoven, Ronald G. TI Productivity growth and product choice in catch share fisheries: The case of Alaska pollock SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fisheries; Revenue function; Productivity; Environmental factors ID LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLES; STATISTICAL-MODELS; TRAWL FISHERY; PROPERTY; EFFICIENCY; RESOURCE; EQUATIONS; DEMAND AB Many fisheries worldwide have exhibited marked decreases in profitability and fish stocks during the last few decades as a result of overfishing. However, more conservative, science- and incentive-based management approaches have been practiced in the US federally managed fisheries off Alaska since the mid-1990s. The Bering Sea pollock fishery is one such fishery and remains one of the world's largest in both value and volume of landings. In 1998, with the implementation of the American Fisheries Act (AFA) this fishery was converted from a limited access fishery to a rationalized fishery in which fishing quota were allocated to cooperatives which could transfer quotas, facilitate fleet consolidation, and maximize efficiency. The changes in efficiency and productivity growth arising from the change in management regime have been the subject of several studies, with a few focusing on the large vessels that both catch and process fish onboard (catcher-processors). This study modifies existing approaches to account for the unique decision making process characterizing catcherprocessor's production technologies. The focus is on sequential decisions regarding what products to produce and the factors that influence productivity once those decisions are made, using a multiproduct revenue function. The estimation procedure is based on a latent variable econometric model and departs from and advances previous studies since it deals with the mixed distribution nature of the data, a novel application to fisheries production modeling. The resulting productivity growth estimates are consistent with increasing productivity growth since rationalization of the fishery, even in light of large decreases in the pollock stock. These findings suggest that rationalizing fishery incentives can help foster improvements in economic productivity even during periods of diminished biological productivity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, Marcelo de O.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Econ, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Felthoven, Ronald G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Torres, MD (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Econ, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM motorres@unb.br; ron.felthoven@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 50 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.008 PN A PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AQ1FW UT WOS:000342528300031 ER PT J AU Galletti, M Zrnic, DS Gekat, F Goelz, P AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan S. Gekat, Frank Goelz, Peter TI Eigenvalue Signal Processing for Weather Radar Polarimetry: Removing the Bias Induced by Antenna Coherent Cross-Channel Coupling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Antenna radiation pattern; coherency matrix; copolar radiation pattern; covariance matrix; cross-channel coupling; cross-polar correlation coefficient; cross-polar radiation pattern; degree of polarization at horizontal transmit; eigenvalues; linear depolarization ratio; polarimetric phased array weather radar ID SCATTERING MATRIX; POLARIZATION; RADIATION AB We present a novel digital signal processing procedure, named eigenvalue signal pocessing (henceforth ESP), patented by the first author with Brookhaven Science Associates in 2013. The method enables the removal of the bias due to antenna coherent cross-channel coupling and is applicable in the LDR mode, the ATSR mode and the STSR orthogonal mode of weather radar measurements. In this paper, we focus on the LDR mode and consider copolar reflectivity at horizontal transmit (Z(HH)), cross-polar reflectivity at horizontal transmit (Z(VH)), linear depolarization ratio at horizontal transmit (LDRH) and degree of polarization at horizontal transmit (DOPH). The ESP (ESP) method is substantiated by an experiment carried out in November 2012 using C-band weather radar with a parabolic reflector located at the Selex ES-Gematronik facilities in Neuss, Germany. The experiment involved comparison of weather radar measurements taken 1.5 minutes apart in two hardware configurations, namely with cross-coupling on (cc-on) and cross-coupling off (cc-off). It is experimentally demonstrated that eigenvalue-derived variables are invariant with respect to antenna coherent cross-channel coupling. This property had to be expected, since the eigenvalues of the Coherency matrix are SU(2) invariant. C1 [Galletti, Michele] Brookhaven Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gekat, Frank; Goelz, Peter] Selex ES GmbH, D-41470 Neuss, Germany. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgalletti@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 36 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 7695 EP 7707 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2316821 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AO7KM UT WOS:000341532100019 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Wang, MH Tan, LQ Jiang, LD AF Sun, Junqiang Wang, Menghua Tan, Liqin Jiang, Lide TI An Efficient Approach for VIIRS RDR to SDR Data Processing SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Computation efficiency; reflective solar bands (RSB); reprocessing; Sensor Data Records (SDR); storage; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR PRODUCTS; PERFORMANCE; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHMS; SEAWIFS AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raw Data Records (or Level-0 data) are processed using the current standard Algorithm Development Library (ADL) to produce Sensor Data Records (SDR; or Level-1B data). The ocean color Environmental Data Records (EDR), one of the most important product sets derived from VIIRS, are processed from the SDR of the visible and near-infrared moderate resolution (M) bands. As the ocean color EDR are highly sensitive to the quality of the SDR, the bands from which the EDR data arise must be accurately calibrated. These bands are calibrated on-orbit using the onboard Solar Diffuser, and the derived calibration coefficients are called F-factors. The F-factors used in the forward operational process may have large uncertainty due to various reasons, and thus, to obtain high-quality ocean color EDR, the SDR needs to be regularly reprocessed with improved F-factors. The SDR reprocessing, however, requires tremendous computational power and storage space, which is about 27 TB for one year of ocean-color-related SDR data. In this letter, we present an efficient and robust method for reduction of the computational demand and storage requirement. The method is developed based on the linear relationship between the SDR radiance/reflectance and the F-factors. With this linear relationship, the new SDR radiance/reflectance can be calculated from the original SDR radiance/reflectance and the ratio of the updated and the original F-factors at approximately 100th or less of the original central processing unit requirement. The produced SDR with this new approach fully agrees with those generated using the ADL package. This new approach can also be implemented to directly update the SDR in the EDR data processing, which eliminates the hassle of a huge data storage requirement as well as that of intensive computational demand. This approach may also be applied to other remote sensors for data reprocessing from raw instrument data to science data. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua; Tan, Liqin; Jiang, Lide] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Tan, Liqin; Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU Joint Polar Satellite System FX This work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System funding. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this letter are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 35 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD DEC PY 2014 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2037 EP 2041 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2317553 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN9TJ UT WOS:000340951400003 ER PT J AU Tassey, G AF Tassey, Gregory TI Competing in Advanced Manufacturing: The Need for Improved Growth Models and Policies SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; BASIC RESEARCH; PRODUCTIVITY C1 [Tassey, Gregory] Univ Washington, Ctr Econ Policy Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tassey, Gregory] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tassey, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Econ Policy Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gtassey@outlook.com NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0895-3309 EI 1944-7965 J9 J ECON PERSPECT JI J. Econ. Perspect. PD WIN PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 48 DI 10.1257/jep.28.1.27 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AA9ZV UT WOS:000331452500002 ER PT J AU Knorr, DB Williams, KS Baril, NF Weiland, C Andzelm, JW Lenhart, JL Woicik, JC Fischer, DA Tidrow, MZ Bandara, SV Henry, NC AF Knorr, Daniel B., Jr. Williams, Kristen S. Baril, Neil F. Weiland, Conan Andzelm, Jan W. Lenhart, Joseph L. Woicik, Joseph C. Fischer, Daniel A. Tidrow, Meimei Z. Bandara, Sumith V. Henry, Nathan C. TI Use of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane deposited from aqueous solution for surface modification of III-V materials SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE III/V materials; Aminopropylsilane; Surface passivation; NEXAFS; XPS; InAs; GaSb ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CHEMICAL DEPTH PROFILE; SUPERLATTICE PHOTODIODES; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SULFUR PASSIVATION; CO2 ADSORPTION; XPS METHOD AB Focal plane arrays of strained layer superlattices (SLSs) composed of InAs/GaSb are excellent candidates for infrared imaging, but one key factor limiting their utility is the lack of a surface passivation technique capable of protecting the mesa sidewall from degradation. Along these lines, we demonstrate the use of aqueous 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) deposited as a surface functionalizing agent for subsequent polymer passivation on InAs and GaSb surfaces following a HCl/citric acid procedure to remove the conductive oxide In2O3. Using atomic force microscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NE)(AFS), and modeling with density functional theory (DFT), we demonstrate that APTES films can successfully be deposited on III-V substrates by spin coating and directly compare these films to those deposited on silicon substrates. The HCl/citric acid surface preparation treatment is particularly effective at removing In2O3 without the surface segregation of In oxides observed from use of HCl alone. However, HCl/citric acid surface treatment method does result in heavy oxidation of both Ga and Sb, accompanied by segregation of Ga oxide to the surface. Deposited APTES layer thickness did not depend on the substrate choice, and thicknesses between 1 and 20 nm were obtained for APTES solution concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 vol %. XPS results for the N1s band of APTES showed that the content of ionic nitrogen was high (similar to 50%) for the thinnest films (similar to 1 nm), and decreased with increasing film thickness. These results indicate that APTES can indeed be used to form a silane surface layer to cover III-V materials substrates. Such APTES silane layers may prove useful in surface passivation of these materials alone, or as surface functionalizing agents for subsequent covalent binding with polymer overlayers like polyimide. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Williams, Kristen S.; Andzelm, Jan W.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Baril, Neil F.; Tidrow, Meimei Z.; Bandara, Sumith V.; Henry, Nathan C.] US Army, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVSED, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Weiland, Conan; Lenhart, Joseph L.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Nathan C.] Corbin Co, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Knorr, DB (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM daniel.knorr.civ@mail.mil; joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Research Development and Engineering Center CDIF program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL); U.S. Department of Energy; USARL; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Programs at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Research Development and Engineering Center CDIF program. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. K. W. was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USARL. Modeling studies were supported in part by grants of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Programs at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV 30 PY 2014 VL 320 BP 414 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.055 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA AU1SG UT WOS:000345399900054 ER PT J AU Ridley, DA Solomon, S Barnes, JE Burlakov, VD Deshler, T Dolgii, SI Herber, AB Nagai, T Neely, RR Nevzorov, AV Ritter, C Sakai, T Santer, BD Sato, M Schmidt, A Uchino, O Vernier, JP AF Ridley, D. A. Solomon, S. Barnes, J. E. Burlakov, V. D. Deshler, T. Dolgii, S. I. Herber, A. B. Nagai, T. Neely, R. R., III Nevzorov, A. V. Ritter, C. Sakai, T. Santer, B. D. Sato, M. Schmidt, A. Uchino, O. Vernier, J. P. TI Total volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depths and implications for global climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE volcanic aerosol; forcing uncertainty; warming hiatus; AERONET retrieval; lower stratospheric AOD; stratospheric aerosol ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS AB Understanding the cooling effect of recent volcanoes is of particular interest in the context of the post-2000 slowing of the rate of global warming. Satellite observations of aerosol optical depth above 15km have demonstrated that small-magnitude volcanic eruptions substantially perturb incoming solar radiation. Here we use lidar, Aerosol Robotic Network, and balloon-borne observations to provide evidence that currently available satellite databases neglect substantial amounts of volcanic aerosol between the tropopause and 15km at middle to high latitudes and therefore underestimate total radiative forcing resulting from the recent eruptions. Incorporating these estimates into a simple climate model, we determine the global volcanic aerosol forcing since 2000 to be -0.190.09Wm(-2). This translates into an estimated global cooling of 0.05 to 0.12 degrees C. We conclude that recent volcanic events are responsible for more post-2000 cooling than is implied by satellite databases that neglect volcanic aerosol effects below 15km. C1 [Ridley, D. A.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Barnes, J. E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Burlakov, V. D.; Dolgii, S. I.; Nevzorov, A. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Deshler, T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Herber, A. B.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Nagai, T.; Sakai, T.; Uchino, O.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Neely, R. R., III] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ritter, C.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Santer, B. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Sato, M.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Schmidt, A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Vernier, J. P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Vernier, J. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Ridley, DA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM daridley@mit.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Schmidt, Anja/C-9617-2012; Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Nevzorov, Aleksey/0000-0002-5493-8657; Schmidt, Anja/0000-0001-8759-2843 FU National Science Foundation [1011827]; Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation [14.604.21.0046, 14.604.21.0100]; Russian Science Foundation [14-27-00022] FX The Laramie in situ aerosol measurements have been supported primarily by the National Science Foundation, with the current measurements funded under grant 1011827. Measurements at Tomsk were supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation (agreements 14.604.21.0046 and 14.604.21.0100) and the Russian Science Foundation (agreement 14-27-00022). The authors would like to thank the PIs of AERONET stations used in this study, the data from which can be obtained at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 79 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7763 EP 7769 DI 10.1002/2014GL061541 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX0LT UT WOS:000346644600001 ER PT J AU Pan, LL Homeyer, CR Honomichl, S Ridley, BA Weisman, M Barth, MC Hair, JW Fenn, MA Butler, C Diskin, GS Crawford, JH Ryerson, TB Pollack, I Peischl, J Huntrieser, H AF Pan, Laura L. Homeyer, Cameron R. Honomichl, Shawn Ridley, Brian A. Weisman, Morris Barth, Mary C. Hair, Johnathan W. Fenn, Marta A. Butler, Carolyn Diskin, Glenn S. Crawford, James H. Ryerson, Thomas B. Pollack, Ilana Peischl, Jeff Huntrieser, Heidi TI Thunderstorms enhance tropospheric ozone by wrapping and shedding stratospheric air SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; convective transport; stratosphere-troposphere exchange ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEX; EXCHANGE; TROPOPAUSE; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM AB A significant source of ozone in the troposphere is transport from the stratosphere. The stratospheric contribution has been estimated mainly using global models that attribute the transport process largely to the global-scale Brewer-Dobson circulation and synoptic-scale dynamics associated with upper tropospheric jet streams. We report observations from research aircraft that reveal additional transport of ozone-rich stratospheric air downward into the upper troposphere by a leading-line-trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system with convection overshooting the tropopause altitude. The fine-scale transport demonstrated by these observations poses a significant challenge to global models that currently do not resolve storm-scale dynamics. Thus, the upper tropospheric ozone budget simulated by global chemistry-climate models where large-scale dynamics and photochemical production from lightning-produced NO are the controlling factors may require modification. C1 [Pan, Laura L.; Homeyer, Cameron R.; Honomichl, Shawn; Ridley, Brian A.; Weisman, Morris; Barth, Mary C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hair, Johnathan W.; Fenn, Marta A.; Butler, Carolyn; Diskin, Glenn S.; Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.; Pollack, Ilana; Peischl, Jeff] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pollack, Ilana; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huntrieser, Heidi] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Pan, LL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM liwen@ucar.edu RI Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) via National Center for Atmospheric Research; NSF; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) via its sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The DC3 experiment was funded by NSF and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Falcon aircraft participation was funded by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The DC3 data are available to the public and can be accessed at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=DC3. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7785 EP 7790 DI 10.1002/2014GL061921 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX0LT UT WOS:000346644600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, DX McPhaden, MJ Lee, T AF Zhang, Dongxiao McPhaden, Michael J. Lee, Tong TI Observed interannual variability of zonal currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline and their relation to Indian Ocean Dipole SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical Indian Ocean; climate variability; ocean circulation; Indian Ocean Dipole; thermocline currents ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DYNAMICS; EVENTS; LEVEL; CLIMATE; IMPACT; MODEL AB Interannual variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline is significantly correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This relationship is more significant than for zonal currents and the Dipole Mode Index, the latter of which measures zonal SST anomaly gradient. The variability of zonal currents in the thermocline is consistent with the variations of eastward pressure gradient force in the thermocline and the equatorward geostrophic thermocline flows associated with the shallow meridional overturning circulations in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Our analysis suggests a positive feedback between zonal currents in the thermocline and SST in the eastern pole of IOD. The combination of equatorial wind and off-equatorial wind stress curls associated with SST anomalies in the eastern pole of the IOD drives interannual variability in equatorial zonal thermocline flows and its covariability with the shallow meridional overturning cells. C1 [Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dzhang@uw.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NASA/Physical Oceanography program; NOAA's Climate Program Office; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148] FX Gridded temperature and salinity product are kindly provided by Coriolis data center. Satellite winds and ECCO2 data assimilation are obtained from http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov. Current measurements are available at www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao. The study is supported by the NASA/Physical Oceanography program. M.J.M. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Program Office. This research was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2307; PMEL contribution number 4212. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7933 EP 7941 DI 10.1002/2014GL061449 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX0LT UT WOS:000346644600023 ER PT J AU Wen, CH Kumar, A Xue, Y AF Wen, Caihong Kumar, Arun Xue, Yan TI Factors contributing to uncertainty in Pacific Decadal Oscillation index SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PDO; uncertainty; SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ENSO AB Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index is an important indicator of climate variability. However, large discrepancies are found among real-time PDO monitoring indices maintained by several operational centers, with larger uncertainty exhibiting prior to 1950s and after late 1990s on seasonal to decadal time scales. Two historical sea surface temperature (SST) data sets are used to investigate causes for the uncertainty: the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST 3b) and the Hadley Center Sea Ice and SST data set (HadISST) version 1. It is found that choices of spatial structure of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) vector and SST data set are important sources of uncertainty on seasonal to decadal time scales, while choice of climatological base period only contributes to uncertainty on seasonal time scale. Decadal variation of differences in PDO indices from ERSST and HadISST is associated with systematic differences between the two data sets in the central and the north-eastern Pacific. C1 [Wen, Caihong; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wen, Caihong] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wen, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Caihong.Wen@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 22 BP 7980 EP 7986 DI 10.1002/2014GL061992 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AX0LT UT WOS:000346644600029 ER PT J AU Kim, IN Lee, K Gruber, N Karl, DM Bullister, JL Yang, S Kim, TW AF Kim, Il-Nam Lee, Kitack Gruber, Nicolas Karl, David M. Bullister, John L. Yang, Simon Kim, Tae-Wook TI Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen in the North Pacific Ocean SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ATLANTIC OCEAN; FIXATION; ASIA; EMISSIONS; PATTERNS; NITRATE; CARBON AB The recent increase in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen from northeastern Asia and the subsequent enhanced deposition over the extensive regions of the North Pacific Ocean (NPO) have led to a detectable increase in the nitrate (N) concentration of the upper ocean. The rate of increase of excess N relative to phosphate (P) was found to be highest (similar to 0.24 micromoles per kilogram per year) in the vicinity of the Asian source continent, with rates decreasing eastward across the NPO, consistent with the magnitude and distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This anthropogenically driven increase in the N content of the upper NPO may enhance primary production in this N-limited region, potentially leading to a long-term change of the NPO from being N-limited to P-limited. C1 [Kim, Il-Nam; Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Gruber, Nicolas; Yang, Simon] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Karl, David M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Daniel K Inouye Ctr Microbial Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kim, Tae-Wook] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ocean Circulat & Climate Res Div, Ansan 426744, South Korea. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Kim, Tae-Wook/E-9611-2011; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Kim, Tae-Wook/0000-0002-4236-0720; FU Mid-Career Researcher Program [2012R1A2A1A01004631]; National Research Foundation (NRF) of Ministry of Science, Information Communication Technology, and Future Planning, Science and Technology [2013K1A1A2A02078278]; "Management of marine organisms causing ecological disturbance and harmful effects" program - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; Basic Science Research Program through NRF [2012R1A6A3A0403883]; NSF [OCE09-26766, EF04-24599]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NOAA's Climate Program Office; ETH Zurich FX We thank all scientists responsible for the CFC-12 and nutrient measurements in the GLODAP (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/glodap/) and PACIFICA (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/PACIFICA/) databases and the CREAMS II (http://sam.ucsd.edu) and HOT (http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/) programs. This research was supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program (no. 2012R1A2A1A01004631) and the Global Research Project funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Ministry of Science, Information Communication Technology, and Future Planning, Science and Technology (no. 2013K1A1A2A02078278). Partial support was provided by the "Management of marine organisms causing ecological disturbance and harmful effects" program funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. T.-W.K. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through NRF (no. 2012R1A6A3A0403883). D. M. K was funded by the NSF (nos. OCE09-26766 and EF04-24599) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. J.L.B. was funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office. N.G. and S.Y. acknowledge the financial support from ETH Zurich. Author contributions: I.-N.K. and K. L. designed the study and wrote the manuscript with support from N.G., D. M. K., and J. L. B. I.-N.K. analyzed the data. N.G., D. M. K., J. L. B., S.Y., and T.-W.K. contributed to the manuscript with discussions and comments. S.Y. and N.G. performed NCAR Community Earth System Model simulations. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 346 IS 6213 BP 1102 EP 1106 DI 10.1126/science.1258396 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU7EK UT WOS:000345763400040 PM 25430767 ER PT J AU An, SM Solares, SD Santos, S Ebeling, D AF An, Sangmin Solares, Santiago D. Santos, Sergio Ebeling, Daniel TI Energy transfer between eigenmodes in multimodal atomic force microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multifrequency atomic force microscopy; energy transfer; dissipation; virial; polymers ID SOFT MATTER; PHASE-CONTRAST; MODE; NANOSCALE; DISSIPATION; SURFACES; LIQUID AB We present experimental and computational investigations of tetramodal and pentamodal atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, whereby the first four or five flexural eigenmodes of the cantilever are simultaneously excited externally. This leads to six to eight additional observables in the form of amplitude and phase signals, with respect to the monomodal amplitude modulation method. We convert these additional observables into three or four dissipation and virial expressions, and show that these quantities can provide enhanced contrast that would otherwise remain hidden in the original observables. We also show that the complexity of the multimodal impact leads to significant energy transfer between the active eigenmodes, such that the dissipated power for individual eigenmodes may be positive or negative, while the total dissipated power remains positive. These results suggest that the contrast of individual eigenmodes in multifrequency AFM should be not be considered in isolation and that it may be possible to use different eigenfrequencies to probe sample properties that respond to different relaxation times. C1 [An, Sangmin; Solares, Santiago D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [An, Sangmin; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Santos, Sergio] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Ctr Future Energy iFES, Lab Energy & Nanosci LENS, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Ebeling, Daniel] Univ Giessen, Inst Appl Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP An, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ssolares@gwu.edu RI Ebeling, Daniel/C-6663-2013 OI Ebeling, Daniel/0000-0001-5829-170X FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2013R1A6A3A03063900]; University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through intergovernmental personnel assignment award [IP1304] FX SA acknowledges the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant No. 2013R1A6A3A03063900) and the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. SDS acknowledges support from National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through intergovernmental personnel assignment award IP1304. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 28 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 47 AR 475701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/47/475701 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS6LX UT WOS:000344376100007 PM 25369864 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, M Bright, AJ Cameron, CM AF Williams, Dana E. Miller, MargaretW. Bright, Allan J. Cameron, Caitlin M. TI Removal of corallivorous snails as a proactive tool for the conservation of acroporid corals SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Coralliophila abbreviata; Florida; Elkhorn; Predator; Acropora palmata ID 2 SCLERACTINIAN HOSTS; CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA; GASTROPOD; PALMATA; PREY; MURICIDAE; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY; IMPACT; REEFS AB Corallivorous snail feeding is a common source of tissue loss for the threatened coral, Acropora palmata, accounting for roughly one-quarter of tissue loss in monitored study plots over seven years. In contrast with larger threats such as bleaching, disease, or storms, corallivory by Coralliophila abbreviata is one of the few direct sources of partial mortality that may be locally managed. We conducted a field experiment to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of snail removal. Long-term monitoring plots on six reefs in the upper Florida Keys were assigned to one of three removal treatments: (1) removal from A. palmata only, (2) removal from all host coral species, or (3) no-removal controls. During the initial removal in June 2011, 436 snails were removed from twelve 150 m(2) plots. Snails were removed three additional times during a seven month "removal phase", then counted at five surveys over the next 19 months to track recolonization. At the conclusion, snails were collected, measured and sexed. Before-After-Control-Impact analysis revealed that both snail abundance and feeding scar prevalence were reduced in removal treatments compared to the control, but there was no difference between removal treatments. Recolonization by snails to baseline abundance is estimated to be 3.7 years and did not differ between removal treatments. Recolonization rate was significantly correlated with baseline snail abundance. Maximum snail size decreased from 47.0 mm to 34.6 mm in the removal treatments. The effort required to remove snails from A. palmata was 30 diver minutes per 150 m(2) plot, compared with 51 min to remove snails from all host corals. Since there was no additional benefit observed with removing snails from all host species, removals can be more efficiently focused on only A. palmata colonies and in areas where C. abbreviata abundance is high, to effectively conserve A. palmata in targeted areas. C1 [Williams, Dana E.; Bright, Allan J.; Cameron, Caitlin M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, Dana E.; Miller, MargaretW.; Bright, Allan J.; Cameron, Caitlin M.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NMFS Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division FX This project was made possible by support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and NMFS Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e680 DI 10.7717/peerj.680 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5QP UT WOS:000347627200001 PM 25469321 ER PT J AU Brown, JD He, MX Regonda, S Wu, LM Lee, H Seo, DJ AF Brown, James D. He, Minxue Regonda, Satish Wu, Limin Lee, Haksu Seo, Dong-Jun TI Verification of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow forecasts from the NOAA/NWS Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS): 2. Streamflow verification SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ensemble verification; Skill; Bias-correction; Operational forecasting; Streamflow ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; SYSTEM AB Retrospective forecasts of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow were generated with the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS) of the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999. The hindcasts were produced for two basins in each of four River Forecast Centers (RFCs), namely the Arkansas-Red Basin RFC, the Colorado Basin RFC, the California-Nevada RFC and the Middle Atlantic RFC. In a companion paper, temperature and precipitation hindcasts were produced with the Meteorological Ensemble Forecast Processor (MEFP) and verified against observed temperature and precipitation, respectively. Inputs to the MEFP comprised raw precipitation and temperature forecasts from the frozen (circa 1997) version of the NWS Global Forecast System (MEFP-GFS) and a conditional or "resampled" climatology (MEFP-CLIM). For this paper, streamflow hindcasts were produced with the Community Hydrologic Prediction System and were bias-corrected with the Ensemble Post-processor (EnsPost). In order to separate the meteorological and hydrologic uncertainties, the raw streamflow forecasts were verified against simulated streamflows, as well as observed flows. Also, when verifying the bias-corrected streamflow forecasts, the total skill was decomposed into contributions from the MEFP-GFS and the EnsPost. In general, the streamflow forecasts are substantially more skillful when using the MEFP-GFS together with the EnsPost than using the MEFP with resampled climatology alone. However, both the raw and bias-corrected streamflow forecasts have lower biases, stronger correlations and are more skillful in CB- and CN-RFCs than AB- and MA-RFCs. In addition, there are strong variations in forecast quality with streamflow amount, forecast lead time, season and aggregation period. The relative importance of the meteorological and hydrologic uncertainties also varies between basins and is modulated by the same controls on forecast quality. For example, the MEFP-GFS accounts for the majority of skill in the CNRFC basins. This is associated with the greater predictability of large storms in the North Coast Ranges during the winter months. In CBRFC, much of the skill in the streamflow forecasts originates from the hydrologic modeling and the EnsPost, particularly during the snowmelt period. In AB- and MA-RFCs, the contributions from the MEFP and the EnsPost are more variable. This paper summarizes the verification results, describes the expected performance and limitations of the HEFS for short- to medium-range streamflow forecasting, and provides recommendations for future research. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, James D.] Hydrol Solut Ltd, Bournemouth BH1 1BL, Dorset, England. [He, Minxue; Regonda, Satish] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Wu, Limin; Lee, Haksu] LEN Technol Inc, Oak Hill, VA 20171 USA. [He, Minxue; Regonda, Satish; Wu, Limin; Lee, Haksu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Hydrol Solut Ltd, Bristol & West House,PO Rd, Bournemouth BH1 1BL, Dorset, England. EM james.brown@hydrosolved.com FU LEN Technologies, Inc. [DG133W-11-NC1323]; NWS [DG133W-11-NC1323]; NWS Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) [2012-04] FX The verification work was conducted by Hydrologic Solutions Limited for the NWS Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) under subcontract 2012-04 between HSL and LEN Technologies, Inc. and prime contract DG133W-11-NC1323 between LEN Technologies, Inc. and the NWS. The temperature, precipitation and streamflow hindcasts were prepared by the OHD. The NWS RFCs, specifically AB-, CB-, CN- and MA-RFCs, provided guidance on the Community Hydrologic Prediction System, and some of the data required for hindcasting and verification. The estimated streamflows for MA-CNNN6 in MARFC were produced by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection and supplied by Michael Thiemann of Riverside Technology, Inc. An earlier draft of this work was reviewed by Geoff Bonnin, Mark Fresch, Ernie Wells, and Andy Wood, together with three anonymous reviewers, whose inputs are gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 2847 EP 2868 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.030 PN D PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600016 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Wu, LM He, MX Regonda, S Lee, H Seo, DJ AF Brown, James D. Wu, Limin He, Minxue Regonda, Satish Lee, Haksu Seo, Dong-Jun TI Verification of temperature, precipitation, and streamflow forecasts from the NOAA/NWS Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS): 1. Experimental design and forcing verification SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ensemble verification; Skill; Bias-correction; Operational forecasting; Precipitation; Temperature ID MODEL UNCERTAINTY; ROC CURVES; PREDICTIONS; REFORECASTS; FRAMEWORK; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM; SKILL; ECMWF; BASIN AB Retrospective forecasts of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow were generated with the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS) of the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999. The hindcasts were produced for two basins in each of four River Forecast Centers (RFCs), namely the Arkansas-Red Basin RFC, the Colorado Basin RFC, the California-Nevada RFC, and the Middle Atlantic RFC. Precipitation and temperature forecasts were produced with the HEFS Meteorological Ensemble Forecast Processor (MEFP). Inputs to the MEFP comprised "raw" precipitation and temperature forecasts from the frozen (circa 1997) version of the NWS Global Forecast System (GFS) and a climatological ensemble, which involved resampling historical observations in a moving window around the forecast valid date ("resampled climatology"). In both cases, the forecast horizon was 1-14 days. This paper outlines the hindcasting and verification strategy, and then focuses on the quality of the temperature and precipitation forecasts from the MEFP. A companion paper focuses on the quality of the streamflow forecasts from the HEFS. In general, the precipitation forecasts are more skillful than resampled climatology during the first week, but comprise little or no skill during the second week. In contrast, the temperature forecasts improve upon resampled climatology at all forecast lead times. However, there are notable differences among RFCs and for different seasons, aggregation periods and magnitudes of the observed and forecast variables, both for precipitation and temperature. For example, the MEFP-GFS precipitation forecasts show the highest correlations and greatest skill in the California Nevada RFC, particularly during the wet season (November April). While generally reliable, the MEFP forecasts typically underestimate the largest observed precipitation amounts (a Type-II conditional bias). As a statistical technique, the MEFP cannot detect, and thus appropriately correct for, conditions that are undetected by the GFS. The calibration of the MEFP to provide reliable and skillful forecasts of a range of precipitation amounts (not only large amounts) is a secondary factor responsible for these Type-II conditional biases. Interpretation of the verification results leads to guidance on the expected performance and limitations of the MEFP, together with recommendations on future enhancements. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, James D.] Hydrol Solut Ltd, Bournemouth BH1 1BL, Dorset, England. [Wu, Limin; He, Minxue; Regonda, Satish; Lee, Haksu] LEN Technol Inc, Oak Hill, VA 20171 USA. [He, Minxue; Regonda, Satish] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80528 USA. [Wu, Limin; He, Minxue; Regonda, Satish; Lee, Haksu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Hydrol Solut Ltd, Bristol & West House,PO Rd, Bournemouth BH1 1BL, Dorset, England. EM james.brown@hydrosolved.com FU U.S. National Weather Service [2012-04]; LEN Technologies [DG133W-11-NC1323]; NWS [DG133W-11-NC1323] FX The verification work was conducted by Hydrologic Solutions Limited (HSL) for the Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) of the U.S. National Weather Service under subcontract 2012-04 between HSL and LEN Technologies Incorporated and prime contract DG133W-11-NC1323 between LEN Technologies and the NWS. The precipitation and temperature hindcasting was conducted by OHD. The NWS RFCs, specifically AB-, CB-, CN- and MA-RFCs, provided guidance on the configurations, and some of the data required for hindcasting and verification. An earlier draft of this work was reviewed by Geoff Bonnin, Mark Fresch, Ernie Wells, and Andy Wood, together with three anonymous reviewers, whose inputs are gratefully acknowledged. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 2869 EP 2889 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.028 PN D PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600017 ER PT J AU Fares, A Awal, R Michaud, J Chu, PS Fares, S Kodama, K Rosener, M AF Fares, Ali Awal, Ripendra Michaud, Jene Chu, Pao-Shin Fares, Samira Kodama, Kevin Rosener, Matt TI Rainfall-runoff modeling in a flashy tropical watershed using the distributed HL-RDHM model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HL-RDHM; SAC-SMA; Rainfall-runoff; Floods; Modeling ID HYDROLOGIC MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEM AB Many watersheds in Hawai'i are flash flood prone due to their small contributing areas and frequent intense rainfall. Motivated by the possibility of developing an operational flood forecasting system, this study evaluated the performance of the National Weather Service (NWS) model, the Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) in simulating the hydrology of the flood-prone Hanalei watershed in Kaua'i, Hawaii. This rural watershed is very wet and has strong spatial rainfall gradients. Application of HL-RDHM to Hanalei watershed required (i) modifying the Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) coordinate system; (ii) generating precipitation grids from rain gauge data, and (iii) generating parameters for Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model (SAC-SMA) and routing parameter grids for the modified HRAP coordinate system. Results were obtained for several spatial resolutions. Hourly basin-average rainfall calculated from one HRAP resolution grid (4 km x 4 km) was too low and inaccurate. More realistic rainfall and more accurate streamflow predictions were obtained with the 1/2 and 1/4 HRAP grids. For a one year period with the best precipitation data, the performance of HL-RDHM was satisfactory even without calibration for basin-averaged and distributed a priori parameter grids. Calibration and validation of HL-RDHM were conducted using four-year data set each. The model reasonably matched the observed peak discharges and time to peak during calibration and validation periods. The performance of model was assessed using the following three statistical measures; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Percent bias (PBIAS). Overall, HL-RDHM's performance was "very good (NSE > 0.75, PBIAS < +/- 10)" for the finer resolution grids (1/2 HRAP or 1/4 HRAP). The quality of flood forecasting capability of the model was accessed using four accuracy measures (probability of false detection, false alarm ratio, critical success index, and probability of detection) for three return periods 1.005, 1.05 and 1.25. HL-RDHM is more accurate at the lower threshold discharge (65 m(3) s(-1)) than at the higher ones (140 and 248 m(3) s(-1)) as indicated by lower values of probability of detection and critical success index, and a higher value of the false alarm ratio. These results suggest that HL-RDHM may be suitable for flood forecasting applications in watersheds with steep terrain and strong spatio-temporal variability of precipitation, e.g. US Pacific North-West, and tropical islands. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license C1 [Fares, Ali; Awal, Ripendra] Prairie View A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Human Sci, Prairie View, TX USA. [Michaud, Jene] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Geol, Hilo, HI USA. [Chu, Pao-Shin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fares, Samira] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kodama, Kevin] Natl Weather Serv, Hawaii Weather Forecast Off, Hilo, HI USA. [Rosener, Matt] North Shore Hydro Consulting, Kauai, HI USA. RP Fares, A (reprint author), POB 519,MS 2008, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM alfares@pvamu.edu OI Awal, Ripendra/0000-0002-2453-2592 FU Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program of NOAANational Weather Service [NA08NWS4680036]; National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture EvansAllen funds FX The project was supported by a grant from the Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program of NOAANational Weather Service Grant number NA08NWS4680036. Partial funding was also provided by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture EvansAllen funds. The authors wish to thank Safeeq Mohamad, Sanjit Deb and Farhat Abbas for their assistance during different stages of the project implementation. Special thanks to Dave Streubel, NOAA NWS, APRFC for his cooperation by providing SAC-SMA parameter grids. The authors also wish to thank people from NOAA including Michael Smith, Victor Koren, and Zhengtao Cui for their suggestions to resolve problems running the HL-RDHM model. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3436 EP 3447 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.042 PN D PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600058 ER PT J AU Fry, LM Gronewold, AD Fortin, V Buan, S Clites, AH Luukkonen, C Holtschlag, D Diamond, L Hunter, T Seglenieks, F Durnford, D Dimitrijevic, M Subich, C Klyszejko, E Kea, K Restrepo, P AF Fry, Lauren M. Gronewold, Andrew D. Fortin, Vincent Buan, Steven Clites, Anne H. Luukkonen, Carol Holtschlag, David Diamond, Laura Hunter, Timothy Seglenieks, Frank Durnford, Dorothy Dimitrijevic, Milena Subich, Christopher Klyszejko, Erika Kea, Kandace Restrepo, Pedro TI The Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project Phase 1: Lake Michigan (GRIP-M) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Large scale hydrologic modeling; Model comparison; Water budget; Laurentian Great Lakes ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UNGAUGED BASINS; MODELING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; HYDROLOGY; REGIONALIZATION AB We assembled and applied five models (one of which included three different configurations) to the Lake Michigan basin to improve our understanding of how differences in model skill at simulating total runoff to Lake Michigan relate to model structure, calibration protocol, model complexity, and assimilation (i.e. replacement of simulated discharge with discharge observations into historical simulations), and evaluate historical changes in runoff to Lake Michigan. We found that the performance among these models when simulating total runoff to the lake varied relatively little, despite variability in model structure, spatial representation, input data, and calibration protocol. Relatively simple empirical, assimilative models, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) area ratio-based model (ARM) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Analysis of Flows in Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) model, represent efficient and effective approaches to propagating discharge observations into basin-wide (including gaged and ungaged areas) runoff estimates, and may offer an opportunity to improve predictive models for simulating runoff to the Great Lakes. Additionally, the intercomparison revealed that the median of the simulations from non-assimilative models agrees well with assimilative models, suggesting that using a combination of different methodologies may be an appropriate approach for estimating runoff into the Great Lakes. We then applied one assimilative model (ARM) to the Lake Michigan basin and found that there was persistent reduction in the amount of precipitation that becomes runoff following 1998, corresponding to a period of persistent low Lake Michigan water levels. The study was conducted as a first phase of the Great Lakes Runoff Intercomparison Project, a regional binational collaboration that aims to systematically and rigorously assess a variety of models currently used (or that could readily be adapted) to simulate basin-scale runoff to the North American Laurentian Great Lakes. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fry, Lauren M.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fry, Lauren M.; Gronewold, Andrew D.; Clites, Anne H.; Hunter, Timothy] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fortin, Vincent; Dimitrijevic, Milena; Subich, Christopher] Environm Canada, Environm Numer Predict Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Buan, Steven; Diamond, Laura; Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Luukkonen, Carol; Holtschlag, David] US Geol Survey, Michigan Water Sci Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. [Seglenieks, Frank] Environm Canada, Boundary Water Issues, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Durnford, Dorothy] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Klyszejko, Erika] Environm Canada, Water Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. [Kea, Kandace] Howard Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Fry, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lmfry@umich.edu OI Subich, Christopher/0000-0002-6839-7687; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University of Michigan; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; NOAA-GLERL [1723] FX This work was partially completed under a post-doctoral fellowship with the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, awarded under a Cooperative Agreement between the University of Michigan and the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. This publication is NOAA-GLERL Contribution No. 1723. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3448 EP 3465 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.021 PN D PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600059 ER PT J AU Koren, V Smith, M Cui, ZT AF Koren, Victor Smith, Michael Cui, Zhengtao TI Physically-based modifications to the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting model. Part A: Modeling the effects of frozen ground on the runoff generation process SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frost; Frozen ground; Soil moisture; Soil temperature; Hydrologic model ID ELEMENTARY WATERSHED APPROACH; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; COLD REGIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; INFILTRATION; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; EXTENSION; RUSSIA; VALDAI AB This paper presents the first of two physically-based modifications to a widely-used and well-validated hydrologic precipitation-runoff model. Here, we modify the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model to include a physically-based representation of the effects of freezing and thawing soil on the runoff generation process. This model is called the SAC-SMA Heat Transfer model (SAC-HT). The frozen ground physics are taken from the Noah land surface model which serves as the land surface component of several National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) numerical weather prediction models. SAC-HT requires a boundary condition of the soil temperature at the bottom of the soil column (a climatic annual air temperature is typically used, and parameters derived from readily available soil texture data). A noteworthy feature of SAC-HT is that the frozen ground component needs no parameter calibration. SAC-HT was tested at 11 sites in the U.S. for soil temperature, one site in Russia for soil temperature and soil moisture, eight basins in the upper Midwest for the effects of frozen-ground on streamflow, and one location for frost depth. High correlation coefficients for simulated soil temperature at three depths at 11 stations were achieved. Multi-year simulations of soil moisture and soil temperature agreed very well at the Valdai, Russia test location. In eight basins affected by seasonally frozen soil in the upper Midwest, SAC-HT provided improved streamflow simulations compared to SAC-SMA when both models used a priori parameters. Further improvement was gained through calibration of the non-frozen ground a priori parameters. Frost depth computed by SAC-HT compared well with observed values in the Root River basin in Minnesota. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Koren, Victor; Smith, Michael; Cui, Zhengtao] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Cui, Zhengtao] LEN Technol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Smith, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. EM michael.smith@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 3475 EP 3491 DI 10.1016/j.jhydro1.2014.03.004 PN D PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BZ UT WOS:000347589600061 ER PT J AU Spitalar, M Gourley, JJ Lutoff, C Kirstetter, PE Brilly, M Carr, N AF Spitalar, Marusa Gourley, Jonathan J. Lutoff, Celine Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Brilly, Mitja Carr, Nicholas TI Analysis of flash flood parameters and human impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flash floods; Human impacts; Fatalities; Injuries; Statistical analysis ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; RADAR; DEATHS; PRECIPITATION; FATALITIES; QPE AB Several different factors external to the natural hazard of flash flooding can contribute to the type and magnitude of their resulting damages. Human exposure, vulnerability, fatality and injury rates can be minimized by identifying and then mitigating the causative factors for human impacts. A database of flash flooding was used for statistical analysis of human impacts across the U.S. 21,549 flash flood events were analyzed during a 6-year period from October 2006 to 2012. Based on the information available in the database, physical parameters were introduced and then correlated to the reported human impacts. Probability density functions of the frequency of flash flood events and the PDF of occurrences weighted by the number of injuries and fatalities were used to describe the influence of each parameter. The factors that emerged as the most influential on human impacts are short flood durations, small catchment sizes in rural areas, vehicles, and nocturnal events with low visibility. Analyzing and correlating a diverse range of parameters to human impacts give us important insights into what contributes to fatalities and injuries and further raises questions on how to manage them. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Spitalar, Marusa; Brilly, Mitja] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Civil & Geodet Engn, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Spitalar, Marusa; Lutoff, Celine] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lutoff, Celine] Univ Grenoble Alps, UMR PACTE, F-38100 Grenoble, France. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Carr, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 and the U.S. Department of Commerce. The University Grenoble Alpes (UJF) enabled Celine Lutoff's stay in CIMMS at the University of Oklahoma, which facilitated the necessary development of interdisciplinary collaborations. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.004 PN A PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AY5BY UT WOS:000347589500071 ER PT J AU Seo, DJ Siddique, R Zhang, Y Kim, D AF Seo, Dong-Jun Siddique, Ridwan Zhang, Yu Kim, Dongsoo TI Improving real-time estimation of heavy-to-extreme precipitation using rain gauge data via conditional bias-penalized optimal estimation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heavy-to-extreme precipitation; Rain gauges; Conditional bias; Optimal estimation ID RADAR RAINFALL; NEURAL-NETWORK; NONPARAMETRIC POSTPROCESSOR; FORECAST VERIFICATION; FIELDS; SYSTEM AB A new technique for gauge-only precipitation analysis for improved estimation of heavy-to-extreme precipitation is described and evaluated. The technique is based on a novel extension of classical optimal linear estimation theory in which, in addition to error variance, Type-II conditional bias (CB) is explicitly minimized. When cast in the form of well-known kriging, the methodology yields a new kriging estimator, referred to as CB-penalized kriging (CBPK). CBPK, however, tends to yield negative estimates in areas of no or light precipitation. To address this, an extension of CBPK, referred to herein as extended conditional bias penalized kriging (ECBPK), has been developed which combines the CBPK estimate with a trivial estimate of zero precipitation. To evaluate ECBPK, we carried out real-world and synthetic experiments in which ECBPK and the gauge-only precipitation analysis procedure used in the NWS's Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) were compared for estimation of point precipitation and mean areal precipitation (MAP), respectively. The results indicate that ECBPK improves hourly gauge-only estimation of heavy-to-extreme precipitation significantly. The improvement is particularly large for estimation of MAP for a range of combinations of basin size and rain gauge network density. This paper describes the technique, summarizes the results and shares ideas for future research. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seo, Dong-Jun; Siddique, Ridwan] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Zhang, Yu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kim, Dongsoo] Natl Climat Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, Asheville, NC USA. RP Seo, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Box 19308,Rm 248E Nedderman Hall,416 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM djseo@uta.edu FU Water quality Control Center of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), the Republic of Korea; Accelerating Innovation Research (AIR) Program of the National Science Foundation, PFI-AIR: CASA Warning System Innovation Institute (WSII) [IIP-1237767]; City of Fort Worth through the University of Massachusetts Amherst [11-006442 A 00] FX The first author was supported in part by the Water quality Control Center of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), the Republic of Korea, under the Cooperative Study Agreement between Geosystem Research Corporation, Korea, and The University of Texas at Arlington, and by the Accelerating Innovation Research (AIR) Program of the National Science Foundation, PFI-AIR: CASA Warning System Innovation Institute (WSII), Award # IIP-1237767, and the City of Fort Worth through the University of Massachusetts Amherst (Subaward No. 11-006442 A 00). The above support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 1824 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.055 PN B PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100048 ER PT J AU Kult, JM Fry, LM Gronewold, AD Choi, W AF Kult, Jonathan M. Fry, Lauren M. Gronewold, Andrew D. Choi, Woonsup TI Regionalization of hydrologic response in the Great Lakes basin: Considerations of temporal scales of analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Runoff; Regionalization; Prediction in ungauged basins; Hydrologic response; Regression model; Great Lakes basin ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DAILY STREAMFLOW; WATER-BALANCE; DESCRIPTORS; PREDICTIONS; SIMILARITY; CLIMATE; INDEXES AB Methods for predicting streamflow in areas with limited or nonexistent measures of hydrologic response commonly rely on regionalization techniques, where knowledge pertaining to gauged watersheds is transferred to ungauged watersheds. Hydrologic response indices have frequently been employed in contemporary regionalization research related to predictions in ungauged basins. In this study, we developed regionalization models using multiple linear regression and regression tree analysis to derive relationships between hydrologic response and watershed physical characteristics for 163 watersheds in the Great Lakes basin. These models provide an empirical means for simulating runoff in ungauged basins at a monthly time step without implementation of a rainfall-runoff model. For the dependent variable in these regression models, we used monthly runoff ratio as the indicator of hydrologic response and defined it at two temporal scales: (1) treating all monthly runoff ratios as individual observations, and (2) using the mean of these monthly runoff ratios for each watershed as a representative observation. Application of the models to 62 validation watersheds throughout the Great Lakes basin indicated that model simulations were far more sensitive to the temporal characterization of hydrologic response than to the type of regression technique employed, and that models conditioned on individual monthly runoff ratios (rather than long term mean values) performed better. This finding is important in light of the increased usage of hydrologic response indices in recent regionalization studies. Models using individual observations for the dependent variable generally simulated monthly runoff with reasonable skill in the validation watersheds (median Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.53, median R-2 = 0.66, median magnitude of the deviation of runoff volume = 13%). These results suggest the viability of empirical approaches to simulate runoff in ungauged basins. This finding is significant given the many regions of the world with sparse gauging networks and limited resources for gathering the field data required to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kult, Jonathan M.; Choi, Woonsup] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kult, Jonathan M.; Fry, Lauren M.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Fry, Lauren M.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Fry, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM lmfry@umich.edu RI Choi, Woonsup/C-5106-2008; OI Choi, Woonsup/0000-0001-5171-2890; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Geography Department FX This research was funded by a fellowship from the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, with additional support from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Geography Department. Special thanks to Tim Hunter at NOAA-GLERL for processing the meteorology and streamflow data used in this study. This publication is NOAA-GLERL Contribution No. 1737. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 519 BP 2224 EP 2237 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.083 PN B PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AX6FH UT WOS:000347018100081 ER PT J AU Lu, E Zeng, YT Luo, YL Ding, Y Zhao, W Liu, SY Gong, LQ Jiang, Y Jiang, ZH Chen, HS AF Lu, Er Zeng, Yingting Luo, Yali Ding, Ying Zhao, Wei Liu, Siyuan Gong, Liqing Jiang, Ying Jiang, Zhihong Chen, Haishan TI Changes of summer precipitation in China: The dominance of frequency and intensity and linkage with changes in moisture and air temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EXTREME DAILY PRECIPITATION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; DRY SPELLS; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; COMPARING PREDICTORS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLES; TRENDS; HEAVY AB Using observed precipitation and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis, the changes in the metrics of the summer precipitation in China, the dominance of frequency and intensity of daily extreme precipitation, and the linkage with changes in moisture and air temperature are explored. Results show that over the recent 50 years, the total summer rainfall increased over the southeast and the west and decreased over the northeast. The changes in the frequency, identified with the 95% threshold and Poisson regression, and rainfall extremes show similar spatial patterns. The relative importance of the changes in frequency and intensity in the variability and changes in extreme precipitation are estimated. It is shown that, while the interannual variability of the rainfall amount is dominated by the frequency change in almost all stations, the long-term change of rainfall amount can be dominated by both frequency and intensity, depending on the station. The change in the rainfall total is linked to changes in atmospheric moisture and temperature. The results show that the variability and change of the rainfall total can be dominated by changes in both moisture and air temperature, and the relative importance depends on the region. C1 [Lu, Er; Zeng, Yingting; Ding, Ying; Zhao, Wei; Liu, Siyuan; Gong, Liqing; Jiang, Ying; Jiang, Zhihong; Chen, Haishan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Er] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Luo, Yali] CAMS CMA, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM elu@nuist.edu.cn OI Chen, Haishan/0000-0002-2403-3187 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275092, 41230422, 41230528]; National Basic Research (973) Program of China [2013CB430203, 2012CB955301]; NOAA Climate Prediction Center; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41275092, 41230422, and 41230528), National Basic Research (973) Program of China (grants 2013CB430203 and 2012CB955301), NOAA Climate Prediction Center, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. The two anonymous reviewers and Ruby Leung, the Editor, are thanked for their constructive suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. The data of precipitation used in this study were provided by the National Climate Center (NCC) of China. The reanalysis data were provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12575 EP 12587 DI 10.1002/2014JD022456 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600010 ER PT J AU Dessler, AE Schoeberl, MR Wang, T Davis, SM Rosenlof, KH Vernier, JP AF Dessler, A. E. Schoeberl, M. R. Wang, T. Davis, S. M. Rosenlof, K. H. Vernier, J. -P. TI Variations of stratospheric water vapor over the past three decades SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DEUTERATED WATER; RADIOSONDE DATA; TRENDS; CLIMATE; REANALYSES AB We examine variations in water vapor in air entering the stratosphere through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the past three decades in satellite data and in a trajectory model. Most of the variance can be explained by three processes that affect the TTL: the quasi-biennial oscillation, the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, and the temperature of the tropical troposphere. When these factors act in phase, significant variations in water entering the stratosphere are possible. We also find that volcanic eruptions, which inject aerosol into the TTL, affect the amount of water entering the stratosphere. While there is clear decadal variability in the data and models, we find little evidence for a long-term trend in water entering the stratosphere through the TTL over the past 3 decades. C1 [Dessler, A. E.; Wang, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Wang, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Vernier, J. -P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Dessler, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM adessler@tamu.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820; FU NSF [AGS-1261948]; NASA [NNX13AK25G] FX This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1261948 and NASA grant NNX13AK25G, both to Texas A&M University. We thank Bernard Legras for help with the ERAi model runs. The quality-controlled satellite data, compiled in the SWOOSH data set, can be found at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd8/swoosh/. The met fields used in the trajectory calculation can be found at http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interim_daily/ and http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12588 EP 12598 DI 10.1002/2014JD021712 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600011 ER PT J AU McNicholas, C Turner, DD AF McNicholas, Conor Turner, D. D. TI Characterizing the convective boundary layer turbulence with a High Spectral Resolution Lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; WATER-VAPOR; STATISTICS; PROFILES; COEFFICIENT; IHOP-2002; MOMENTS; HEIGHT; ORDER AB High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) aerosol backscatter coefficient observations collected in Norman, Oklahoma, USA, between April and July 2012 were analyzed to characterize the turbulent fluctuations in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Seventeen cloud-free 2 h periods, during which the CBL was quasi-stationary in the late afternoon, were selected. Autocovariance techniques were applied to each 2 h period to derive vertical profiles of statistical moments and integral scale. The low random noise level in the HSRL allowed meaningful estimates of the variance, skewness (S), and kurtosis (K) of the aerosol backscatter field to be computed. The S profiles showed a transition from negative to positive just below the top of the CBL (z(i)); this suggests that there are relatively few narrow plumes of aerosol-laden air being lofted from the CBL into the free troposphere (yielding positive S above z(i)) and similarly that there are some plumes of cleaner air descending from the free troposphere into the CBL (negative S below z(i)). Vertical profiles of K indicated that the distribution of aerosols transitioned from leptokurtic to platykurtic just above z(i). However, the profile of K is not symmetric around zi; the turbulence is more intermittent above zi and below 0.8 z(i), but the turbulent motions are relatively constant between 0.8 z(i) and z(i). The relationship between S and K in the upper portion of the CBL and through the interfacial layer indicated that the distribution of turbulence is not Gaussian (i.e., S is 0 and K is 3) at any height. C1 [McNicholas, Conor] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov FU NOAA Hollings scholarship; NOAA; Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program [DE-SC0006898] FX This work was performed while the first author was supported by a NOAA Hollings scholarship, with additional support from NOAA and grant DE-SC0006898 from the Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. We would like to thank Ed Eloranta, Ilya Razenkov, and the rest of the lidar group at the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for graciously deploying the HSRL to Norman and for providing the calibrated backscatter coefficient data from the raw signals. We also thank Brad Pierce (NOAA) and Wayne Feltz (SSEC) for their support of this experiment, which was provided by the GOES-R calibration/validation program. We would like to thank Subhashree Mishra for her help in operating the HSRL while it was in Norman. Mark Benner and Alan Zahari helped to prepare the site where the lidar was deployed. We would like to thank Berrien Moore for providing the trailer that was used for the lidar's deployment, and Sean Waugh for his help in installing the lidar in the trailer. The comments from three anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved the quality of this paper. The HSRL data used for this analysis are available at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/similar to dturner/papers/datasets/index.html. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12910 EP 12927 DI 10.1002/2014JD021867 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600028 ER PT J AU Huang, M Bowman, KW Carmichael, GR Chai, TF Pierce, RB Worden, JR Luo, M Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Nowak, JB Neuman, JA Roberts, JM Atlas, EL Blake, DR AF Huang, Min Bowman, Kevin W. Carmichael, Gregory R. Chai, Tianfeng Pierce, R. Bradley Worden, John R. Luo, Ming Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Nowak, John B. Neuman, J. Andrew Roberts, James M. Atlas, Elliot L. Blake, Donald R. TI Changes in nitrogen oxides emissions in California during 2005-2010 indicated from top-down and bottom-up emission estimates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC NO2 COLUMNS; ARCTAS-CARB PERIOD; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; IN-SITU; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; ERROR ANALYSIS AB In California, emission control strategies have been implemented to reduce air pollutants. Here we estimate the changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+ NO2) emissions in 2005-2010 using a state-of-the-art four-dimensional variational approach. We separately and jointly assimilate surface NO2 concentrations and tropospheric NO2 columns observed by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) into the regional-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) chemical transport model on a 12 x 12 km(2) horizontal resolution grid in May 2010. The assimilation generates grid-scale top-down emission estimates, and the updated chemistry fields are evaluated with independent aircraft measurements during the NOAA California Nexus (CalNex) field experiment. The emission estimates constrained only by NO2 columns, only by surface NO2, and by both indicate statewide reductions of 26%, 29%, and 30% from similar to 0.3 Tg N/yr in the base year of 2005, respectively. The spatial distributions of the emission changes differ in these cases, which can be attributed to many factors including the differences in the observation sampling strategies and their uncertainties, as well as those in the sensitivities of column and surface NO2 with respect to NOx emissions. The updates in California's NOx emissions reduced the mean error in modeled surface ozone in the Western U.S., even though the uncertainties in some urban areas increased due to their NOx-saturated chemical regime. The statewide reductions in NOx emissions indicated from our observationally constrained emission estimates are also reflected in several independently developed inventories: similar to 30% in the California Air Resources Board bottom-up inventory, similar to 4% in the 2008 National Emission Inventory, and similar to 20% in the annual mean top-down estimates by Lamsal et al. using the global Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem model and OMI NO2 columns. Despite the grid-scale differences among all top-down and bottom-up inventories, they all indicate stronger emission reductions in the urban regions. This study shows the potential of using space-/ground-based monitoring data and advanced data assimilation approach to timely and independently update NOx emission estimates on a monthly scale and at a fine grid resolution. The well-evaluated results here suggest that these approaches can be applied more broadly. C1 [Huang, Min; Bowman, Kevin W.; Worden, John R.; Luo, Ming] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.; Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Roberts, James M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Dept Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM min.huang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; FU NASA [NNX11AI52G]; NASA Aura project FX This work was initiated at the University of Iowa and supported by a NASA award NNX11AI52G. It was continued at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA, supported by the NASA Aura project. We thank the CalNex and Aura science teams, and the open access to the used observation data and the NOx emission scaling factors created by Lamsal et al. The sources of data are cited in text and Table 1. We also acknowledge the computational resources at the University of Iowa and at NASA Ames Research Center. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12928 EP 12952 DI 10.1002/2014JD022268 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600029 ER PT J AU Frossard, AA Russell, LM Burrows, SM Elliott, SM Bates, TS Quinn, PK AF Frossard, Amanda A. Russell, Lynn M. Burrows, Susannah M. Elliott, Scott M. Bates, Timothy S. Quinn, Patricia K. TI Sources and composition of submicron organic mass in marine aerosol particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SURFACE MICROLAYER; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS AB The sources and composition of atmospheric marine aerosol particles (aMA) have been investigated with a range of physical and chemical measurements from open-ocean research cruises. This study uses the characteristic functional group composition (from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) of aMA from five ocean regions to show the following: (i) The organic functional group composition of aMA that can be identified as mainly atmospheric primary marine (ocean derived) aerosol particles (aPMA) is 65 +/- 12% hydroxyl, 21 +/- 9% alkane, 6 +/- 6% amine, and 7 +/- 8% carboxylic acid functional groups. Contributions from photochemical reactions add carboxylic acid groups (15%-25%), shipping effluent in seawater and ship emissions add additional alkane groups (up to 70%), and coastal or continental emissions mix in alkane and carboxylic acid groups. (ii) The organic composition of aPMA is nearly identical to model-generated primary marine aerosol particles from bubbled seawater (gPMA, which has 55 +/- 14% hydroxyl, 32 +/- 14% alkane, and 13 +/- 3% amine functional groups), indicating that its overall functional group composition is the direct consequence of the organic constituents of the seawater source. (iii) While the seawater organic functional group composition was nearly invariant across all three ocean regions studied and the ratio of organic carbon to sodium (OC/Na+) in the gPMA remained nearly constant over a broad range of chlorophyll a concentrations, the gPMA alkane group fraction appeared to increase with chlorophyll a concentrations (r = 0.66). gPMA from productive seawater had a larger fraction of alkane functional groups (42 +/- 9%) compared to gPMA from nonproductive seawater (22 +/- 10%), perhaps due to the presence of surfactants in productive seawater that stabilize the bubble film and lead to preferential drainage of the more soluble (lower alkane group fraction) organic components. gPMA has a hydroxyl group absorption peak location characteristic of monosaccharides and disaccharides, where the seawater organic mass hydroxyl group peak location is closer to that of polysaccharides. This may result from the larger saccharides preferentially remaining in the seawater during gPMA and aPMA production. C1 [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Burrows, Susannah M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Elliott, Scott M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bates, Timothy S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu RI Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NSF [AGS-1013423, OCE-1129580, AGS-1360645]; Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program FX This work was funded by NSF grants AGS-1013423, OCE-1129580, and AGS-1360645. PNNL acknowledges additional support from the Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. The authors thank William Keene at the University of Virginia and David Kieber at the State University of New York at Syracuse for deploying the Bubbler during CalNex and WACS and for the use of the data collected with the Bubbler. The authors thank the captains, crews, and scientists onboard the R/V Knorr, Ronald H. Brown, Atlantis, and Point Sur for their support in the field. The authors also thank Derek Coffman, Drew Hamilton, John Maben, Michael Long, Lelia Hawkins, Janin Guzman-Morales, Anita Johnson, and Robin Modini for their assistance with sample collection. The authors acknowledge Grace Weissner, Randelle Bundy, and Katherine Barbeau for running calibrations, providing training, and lending the fluorometer for chl a concentration measurements for the EPEACE samples. They also acknowledge David Kilcoyne at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Light Source and Satoshi Takahama for his assistance with STXM-NEXAFS and beamline operation. To obtain the data used in this study, please contact the corresponding author (lmrussell@ucsd.edu) or visit http://aerosol.ucsd.edu/papers/MarineOMdata.zip and http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/data. NR 116 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 103 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 12977 EP 13003 DI 10.1002/2014JD021913 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600031 ER PT J AU Tsai, C Wong, C Hurlock, S Pikelnaya, O Mielke, LH Osthoff, HD Flynn, JH Haman, C Lefer, B Gilman, J de Gouw, J Stutz, J AF Tsai, Catalina Wong, Clare Hurlock, Steve Pikelnaya, Olga Mielke, Levi H. Osthoff, Hans D. Flynn, James H. Haman, Christine Lefer, Barry Gilman, Jessica de Gouw, Joost Stutz, Jochen TI Nocturnal loss of NOx during the 2010 CalNex-LA study in the Los Angeles Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; VERTICAL PROFILES; REACTIVE UPTAKE; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT AB The chemical removal of NOx at night in urban areas remains poorly constrained due to uncertainties in the contribution of various loss pathways and the impact of the suppressed nocturnal vertical mixing. Here we present long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy observations of nocturnal vertical concentration profiles of O-3, NO2, and NO3 in the lower atmosphere (33-556 m above ground level) measured during the CalNex-LA 2010 study. Positive nocturnal vertical gradients of O-3 and NO3 and negative gradients of NO2 were observed during the night. Relatively short lifetime of nocturnal NO3 (less than 1000 s) and high nighttime steady state N2O5 mixing ratios (up to 2 ppb) indicated active nocturnal chemistry during CalNex. Comparison of modeled and observed altitude-resolved NO3 loss frequencies shows that hydrolysis of N2O5 on aerosols was the dominant loss pathway of NO3 and NOx. Based on this argument, the nocturnal loss rates of NOx, L(NOx), at different altitudes and averaged over the lowest 550 m of the atmosphere were calculated. The nocturnally averaged L(NOx) ranged between 0.8 and 1.3 ppb h(-1) for the lower atmosphere with the L(NOx) for the first 8 days at about 1 ppb h(-1). This number is close to the one previously determined in Houston in 2009 of similar to 0.9 ppb h(-1). Comparisons between daytime NOx loss due to the OH + NO2 reaction and nighttime L(NOx) show that during CalNex, nocturnal chemistry contributed an average of 60% to the removal of NOx in a 24 h period in the lower atmosphere. C1 [Tsai, Catalina; Wong, Clare; Hurlock, Steve; Pikelnaya, Olga; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mielke, Levi H.; Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Mielke, Levi H.] Univ Indianapolis, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. [Flynn, James H.; Haman, Christine; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Gilman, Jessica; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stutz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jochen@atmos.ucla.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU California Air Resources Board [ARB 08-318] FX We would like to thank the California Air Resources Board for funding (ARB 08-318) and the California Institute of Technology for hosting our study. Data used in this study can be found at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/calnex/. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 22 BP 13004 EP 13025 DI 10.1002/2014JD022171 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YA UT WOS:000346345600032 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Lee, NH Peri, S Foster, MD Majkrzak, CF Hu, RF Wu, DT AF Lee, Jae Sik Lee, Nam-Heui Peri, Somesh Foster, Mark D. Majkrzak, Charles F. Hu, Renfeng Wu, David T. TI Surface segregation driven by molecular architecture asymmetry in polymer blends SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-POLYMERS; FILM THICKNESS; ENRICHMENT; POLYSTYRENE; FIELD; TRANSITIONS; MIXTURES; WEIGHT; MODEL AB The contributions of chain ends and branch points to surface segregation of long-branched chains in blends with linear chains have been studied using neutron reflectometry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for a series of novel, well-defined polystyrenes. A linear response theory accounting for the number and type of branch points and chain ends is consistent with surface excesses and composition profile decay lengths, and allows the first determination of branch point potentials. Surface excess is determined primarily by chain ends with branch points playing a secondary role. C1 [Lee, Jae Sik; Lee, Nam-Heui; Peri, Somesh; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Renfeng; Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hu, Renfeng; Wu, David T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mfoster@uakron.edu FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [38915-AC7]; NSF [CBET-0730692, CBET-0731319]; Ohio Board of Regents challenge grant FX This research was supported by The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (No. 38915-AC7), NSF (CBET-0730692 and CBET-0731319), and by an Ohio Board of Regents challenge grant. Professor Roderic Quirk was instrumental in the design and synthesis of the molecules to enable the study and Professor Alexei Sokolov provided assistance with the SERS measurements and early discussions of the results. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 26 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 22 AR 225702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.225702 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CC8ZS UT WOS:000350657700012 ER PT J AU Cox, KC Weiner, JM Thompson, JK AF Cox, Kevin C. Weiner, Joshua M. Thompson, James K. TI Phase diagram for injection locking a superradiant laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; SYNCHRONIZATION; TRANSITION; CAVITY AB We study experimentally and theoretically the response of a superradiant or bad-cavity laser to an applied coherent drive. We observe two forms of synchronization (injection locking) between the superradiant ensemble and the applied drive: one attractive and one repulsive in nature. In the region of repulsion, the atomic spin state that stores laser coherence undergoes three-dimensional dynamics, as opposed to a two-parameter description of the electric field in a traditional good-cavity laser. We derive a phase diagram of predicted behavior and experimentally measure the response of the system across various trajectories therein. C1 [Cox, Kevin C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cox, KC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with Matthew Norcia, Justin Bohnet, Daniel Gauthier, Ana Maria Rey, and Murray Holland. All of the authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. K.C.C. acknowledges support from NDSEG. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053845 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053845 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CB2MQ UT WOS:000349462100011 ER PT J AU Munoz, RC Zgliczynski, BJ Teer, BZ Laughlin, JL AF Munoz, Roldan C. Zgliczynski, Brian J. Teer, Bradford Z. Laughlin, Joseph L. TI Spawning aggregation behavior and reproductive ecology of the giant bumphead parrotfish, Bolbometopon muricatum, in a remote marine reserve SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE MPA; Scarinae; Conservation; Mating system; Lek; Alternative reproductive behavior; Threatened species; Site fidelity; Indo-Pacific; Atoll ID CORAL-REEF; SEXUAL SELECTION; THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM; CHEILINUS-UNDULATUS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; PACIFIC ISLANDS; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; HUMPHEAD WRASSE; MATING SYSTEMS AB The giant bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) has experienced precipitous population declines throughout its range due to its importance as a highly-prized fishery target and cultural resource. Because of its diet, Bolbometopon may serve as a keystone species on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, yet comprehensive descriptions of its reproductive ecology do not exist. We used a variety of underwater visual census (UVC) methods to study an intact population of Bolbometopon at Wake Atoll, a remote and protected coral atoll in the west Pacific. Key observations include spawning activities in the morning around the full and last quarter moon, with possible spawning extending to the new moon. We observed peaks in aggregation size just prior to and following the full and last quarter moon, respectively, and observed a distinct break in spawning at the site that persisted for four days; individuals returned to the aggregation site one day prior to the last quarter moon and resumed spawning the following day. The mating system was lek-based, characterized by early male arrival at the spawning site followed by vigorous defense (including head-butting between large males) of small territories. These territories were apparently used to attract females that arrived later in large schools, causing substantial changes in the sex ratio on the aggregation site at any given time during the morning spawning period. Aggression between males and courtship of females led to pair spawning within the upper water column. Mating interference was not witnessed but we noted instances suggesting that sperm competition might occur. Densities of Bolbometopon on the aggregation site averaged 10.07(+/- 3.24 SE) fish per hectare (ha) with maximum densities of 51.5 fish per ha. By comparing our observations to the results of biennial surveys conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), we confirmed spatial consistency of the aggregation across years as well as a temporal break in spawning activity and aggregation that occurred during the lunar phase. We estimated the area encompassed by the spawning aggregation to be 0.72 ha, suggesting that spawning site closures and temporal closures centered around the full to the new moon might form one component of a management and conservation plan for this species. Our study of the mating system and spawning aggregation behavior of Bolbometopon from the protected, relatively pristine population at Wake Atoll provides crucial baselines of population density, sex ratio composition, and productivity of a spawning aggregation site from an oceanic atoll. Such information is key for conservation efforts and provides a basic platform for the design of marine protected areas for this threatened iconic coral reef fish, as well as for species with similar ecological and life history characteristics. C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.; Teer, Bradford Z.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. [Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Laughlin, Joseph L.] Mariculture Hawaii LLC, Ashland, OR USA. RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov FU NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program FX Support was provided by the NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program to RCM and BJZ. Support for preparation of the manuscript was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center to RCM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 2 AR e681 DI 10.7717/peerj.681 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY5QM UT WOS:000347626900003 PM 25469322 ER PT J AU Straka, I Predojevic, A Huber, T Lachman, L Butschek, L Mikova, M Micuda, M Solomon, GS Weihs, G Jezek, M Filip, R AF Straka, Ivo Predojevic, Ana Huber, Tobias Lachman, Lukas Butschek, Lorenz Mikova, Martina Micuda, Michal Solomon, Glenn S. Weihs, Gregor Jezek, Miroslav Filip, Radim TI Quantum non-Gaussian Depth of Single-Photon States SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; PAIRS AB We introduce and experimentally explore the concept of the non-Gaussian depth of single-photon states with a positive Wigner function. The depth measures the robustness of a single-photon state against optical losses. The directly witnessed quantum non-Gaussianity withstands significant attenuation, exhibiting a depth of 18 dB, while the nonclassicality remains unchanged. Quantum non-Gaussian depth is an experimentally approachable quantity that is much more robust than the negativity of the Wigner function. Furthermore, we use it to reveal significant differences between otherwise strongly nonclassical single-photon sources. C1 [Straka, Ivo; Lachman, Lukas; Mikova, Martina; Micuda, Michal; Jezek, Miroslav; Filip, Radim] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Predojevic, Ana; Huber, Tobias; Butschek, Lorenz; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Straka, I (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, 17 Listopadu 1192-12, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. EM straka@optics.upol.cz RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013; OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008; Filip, Radim/0000-0003-4114-6068; Huber, Tobias/0000-0002-5788-8501 FU Czech Science Foundation [13-20319S]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [308803]; Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of Czech Republic [LH13248]; Palacky University [IGA-PrF-2014-008]; University of Innsbruck; European Research Council [257531]; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI) FX This research has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation (13-20319S). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 308803 (project BRISQ2). L. L. thanks the Czech-Japan bilateral project LH13248 of the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of Czech Republic. M. Mikova acknowledges the support of Palacky University (IGA-PrF-2014-008). A. P. acknowledges the support of the University of Innsbruck, given through Young Researcher Award. Additionally, the work at the University of Innsbruck was partially supported by the European Research Council, project "EnSeNa"(257531). G. S. S. acknowledges partial support through the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 22 AR 223603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.223603 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AZ3MR UT WOS:000348132200004 ER PT J AU Young, NP Inceoglu, S Stone, GM Jackson, AJ Kline, SR Costeux, S Balsara, NP AF Young, Nicholas P. Inceoglu, Sebnem Stone, Gregory M. Jackson, Andrew J. Kline, Steven R. Costeux, Stephane Balsara, Nitash P. TI Thermodynamic Interactions and Phase Behavior of Multicomponent Blends Containing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Styrene-Acrylonitrile Random Copolymer, and Deuterated Poly(methyl methacrylate) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PERTURBED-CHAIN SAFT; HIGH-PRESSURE CO2; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER BLENDS; EQUATION; STATE; MIXTURES; MISCIBILITY; EQUILIBRIA AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to probe the phase behavior of multicomponent mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)), styreneacrylonitrile random copolymer, and deuterated poly(methyl methacrylate). Ternary mixtures were homogeneous at low carbon dioxide pressures (PCO2) but phase separated as PCO2 was increased at constant temperature (T). Phase separation pressure was found to be a nonmonotonic function of T with a minimum at T = 60 degrees C. An expression based on the multicomponent random phase approximation was used to determine the interaction parameters between polymer and scCO(2) from a combination of SANS experiments on homogeneous ternary mixtures and measurements of scCO(2) uptake by the neat polymers. Interaction parameters that underlie the nonmonotonic phase behavior described above collapse onto a straight line when plotted as a function of scCO(2) density. C1 [Young, Nicholas P.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Inceoglu, Sebnem; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stone, Gregory M.] Malvern Instruments Inc, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Costeux, Stephane] Dow Chem Co USA, Dow Bldg & Construct, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Costeux, Stephane/G-4998-2011 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Costeux, Stephane/0000-0001-6095-2837 FU Dow Chemical Company; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We acknowledge The Dow Chemical Company for providing the primary support for this work and thank Dr. Alan Nakatani and Dr. Tirtha Chatterjee for educational discussions on the design and interpretation of SANS experiments. Prof. Ram Gupta and Prof. Isaac Sanchez are acknowledged for helpful discussions on the interpretation of the results. Dr. Boualem Hammouda, Mr. Cedric Gagnon, and Mr. Juscelino Leao of the NIST Center for Neutron Research are thanked for their assistance in carrying out SANS experiments. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 22 BP 8089 EP 8097 DI 10.1021/ma5018154 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AU4AZ UT WOS:000345552700043 ER PT J AU Chang, RYW Miller, CE Dinardo, SJ Karion, A Sweeney, C Daube, BC Henderson, JM Mountain, ME Eluszkiewicz, J Miller, JB Bruhwiler, LMP Wofsy, SC AF Chang, Rachel Y. -W. Miller, Charles E. Dinardo, Steven J. Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Daube, Bruce C. Henderson, John M. Mountain, Marikate E. Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Miller, John B. Bruhwiler, Lori M. P. Wofsy, Steven C. TI Methane emissions from Alaska in 2012 from CARVE airborne observations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE methane; Alaska; tundra; Arctic; boreal ID PERMAFROST THAW; CARBON BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; TUNDRA; OZONE; FLUXES; VULNERABILITY; TROPOSPHERE; DEPOSITION AB We determined methane (CH4) emissions from Alaska using airborne measurements from the Carbon Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE). Atmospheric sampling was conducted between May and September 2012 and analyzed using a customized version of the polar weather research and forecast model linked to a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (stochastic time-inverted Lagrangian transport model). We estimated growing season CH4 fluxes of 8 +/- 2 mg CH4.m(-2).d(-1) averaged over all of Alaska, corresponding to fluxes from wetlands of 56(-13)(+22) mg CH4.m(-2).d(-1) if we assumed that wetlands are the only source from the land surface (all uncertainties are 95% confidence intervals from a bootstrapping analysis). Fluxes roughly doubled from May to July, then decreased gradually in August and September. Integrated emissions totaled 2.1 +/- 0.5 Tg CH4 for Alaska from May to September 2012, close to the average (2.3; a range of 0.7 to 6 Tg CH4) predicted by various land surface models and inversion analyses for the growing season. Methane emissions from boreal Alaska were larger than from the North Slope; the monthly regional flux estimates showed no evidence of enhanced emissions during early spring or late fall, although these bursts may be more localized in time and space than can be detected by our analysis. These results provide an important baseline to which future studies can be compared. C1 [Chang, Rachel Y. -W.; Daube, Bruce C.; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller, Charles E.; Dinardo, Steven J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Bruhwiler, Lori M. P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Henderson, John M.; Mountain, Marikate E.; Eluszkiewicz, Janusz] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Chang, RYW (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM rachel.chang@dal.ca FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank the CARVE Science team for helpful discussions; and P. Bergamaschi, X. Zhu, Q. Zhuang, C. Koven, and J. Melton and the Wetland and Wetland CH4 Intercomparison of Models Project team for sharing their model output. We also thank the pilots, flight crews, and NASA Airborne Science staff from the Wallops Flight Facility for enabling the CARVE Science flights. We acknowledge funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship to R.Y.-W.C.). Computing resources for this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at the Ames Research Center. The research described in this paper was performed as part of CARVE, an Earth Ventures investigation, under contract with NASA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 42 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 47 BP 16694 EP 16699 DI 10.1073/pnas.1412953111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU5QX UT WOS:000345662700026 PM 25385648 ER PT J AU Donohoe, A Armour, KC Pendergrass, AG Battisti, DS AF Donohoe, Aaron Armour, Kyle C. Pendergrass, Angeline G. Battisti, David S. TI Shortwave and longwave radiative contributions to global warming under increasing CO2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global warming; climate feedbacks; energy accumulation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERE RADIATION; SYSTEM; EARTH; UNCERTAINTY; FEEDBACKS; AEROSOLS; MODELS; BUDGET AB In response to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2, high-end general circulation models (GCMs) simulate an accumulation of energy at the top of the atmosphere not through a reduction in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)-as one might expect from greenhouse gas forcing-but through an enhancement of net absorbed solar radiation (ASR). A simple linear radiative feedback framework is used to explain this counterintuitive behavior. It is found that the timescale over which OLR returns to its initial value after a CO2 perturbation depends sensitively on the magnitude of shortwave (SW) feedbacks. If SW feedbacks are sufficiently positive, OLR recovers within merely several decades, and any subsequent global energy accumulation is because of enhanced ASR only. In the GCM mean, this OLR recovery timescale is only 20 y because of robust SW water vapor and surface albedo feedbacks. However, a large spread in the net SW feedback across models (because of clouds) produces a range of OLR responses; in those few models with a weak SW feedback, OLR takes centuries to recover, and energy accumulation is dominated by reduced OLR. Observational constraints of radiative feedbacks-from satellite radiation and surface temperature data-suggest an OLR recovery timescale of decades or less, consistent with the majority of GCMs. Altogether, these results suggest that, although greenhouse gas forcing predominantly acts to reduce OLR, the resulting global warming is likely caused by enhanced ASR. C1 [Donohoe, Aaron; Armour, Kyle C.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pendergrass, Angeline G.] NOAA, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Battisti, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Donohoe, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM thedhoe@mit.edu RI Battisti, David /A-3340-2013 OI Battisti, David /0000-0003-4871-1293 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Change Fellowship; James S. McDonnell Foundation; National Science Foundation [AGS-0960497] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. We also thank I. Held for insightful comments and D. Bacchus for energetic inspiration. A.D. was supported by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Change Fellowship. K. C. A. was supported by a James S. McDonnell Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. A. G. P. was funded by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-0960497. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 47 BP 16700 EP 16705 DI 10.1073/pnas.1412190111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU5QX UT WOS:000345662700027 PM 25385628 ER PT J AU Fackler, SW Donahue, MJ Gao, TR Nero, PNA Cheong, SW Cumings, J Takeuchi, I AF Fackler, Sean W. Donahue, Michael J. Gao, Tieren Nero, Paris N. A. Cheong, Sang-Wook Cumings, John Takeuchi, Ichiro TI Local control of magnetic anisotropy in transcritical permalloy thin films using ferroelectric BaTiO3 domains SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD CONTROL; NI-FE FILMS; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; PURE; CRYSTALS AB We investigated the local coupling between dense magnetic stripe domains in transcritical permalloy (tPy) thin films and ferroelectric domains of BaTiO3 single crystals in a tPy/BaTiO3 heterostructure. Two distinct changes in the magnetic stripe domains of tPy were observed from the magnetic force microscopy images after cooling the heterostructure from above the ferroelectric Curie temperature of BaTiO3 (120 degrees C) to room temperature. First, an abrupt break in the magnetic stripe domain direction was found at the ferroelectric a-c-domain boundaries due to an induced change in in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Second, the magnetic stripe domain period increased when coupled to a ferroelectric a-domain due to a change in out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that local magnetic anisotropy energy from inverse magnetostriction is conserved between in-plane and out-of-plane components. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Fackler, Sean W.; Gao, Tieren; Nero, Paris N. A.; Cumings, John; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donahue, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM takeuchi@umd.edu RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; OI Fackler, Sean/0000-0003-3066-6199 FU Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab; UMD-NSF-MRSEC [DMR 05-20471] FX We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. This work has been supported by the UMD-NSF-MRSEC under Grant DMR 05-20471. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 21 AR 212905 DI 10.1063/1.4902809 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU5IE UT WOS:000345639400034 ER PT J AU Henning, A Klein, B Bertness, KA Blanchard, PT Sanford, NA Rosenwaks, Y AF Henning, Alex Klein, Benjamin Bertness, Kris A. Blanchard, Paul T. Sanford, Norman A. Rosenwaks, Yossi TI Measurement of the electrostatic edge effect in wurtzite GaN nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SURFACE AB The electrostatic effect of the hexagonal corner on the electronic structure in wurtzite GaN nanowires (NWs) was directly measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). By correlating electrostatic simulations with the measured potential difference between the nanowire face and the hexagonal vertices, the surface state concentration and band bending of GaN NWs were estimated. The surface band bending is important for an efficient design of high electron mobility transistors and for opto-electronic devices based on GaN NWs. This methodology provides a way to extract NW parameters without making assumptions concerning the electron affinity. We are taking advantage of electrostatic modeling and the high precision that KPFM offers to circumvent a major source of uncertainty in determining the surface band bending. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Henning, Alex; Rosenwaks, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Klein, Benjamin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 686, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Henning, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 21 AR 213107 DI 10.1063/1.4902873 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU5IE UT WOS:000345639400041 ER PT J AU Li, W Zhang, Q Bijesh, R Kirillov, OA Liang, YR Levin, I Peng, LM Richter, CA Liang, XL Datta, S Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Li, Wei Zhang, Qin Bijesh, R. Kirillov, Oleg A. Liang, Yiran Levin, Igor Peng, Lian-Mao Richter, Curt A. Liang, Xuelei Datta, S. Gundlach, David J. Nguyen, N. V. TI Electron and hole photoemission detection for band offset determination of tunnel field-effect transistor heterojunctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; ENERGY; GASB; DEPENDENCE; INTERFACE; GRAPHENE; SIO2; FETS AB We report experimental methods to ascertain a complete energy band alignment of a broken-gap tunnel field-effect transistor based on an InAs/GaSb hetero-junction. By using graphene as an optically transparent electrode, both the electron and hole barrier heights at the InAs/GaSb interface can be quantified. For a Al2O3/InAs/GaSb layer structure, the barrier height from the top of the InAs and GaSb valence bands to the bottom of the Al2O3 conduction band is inferred from electron emission whereas hole emissions reveal the barrier height from the top of the Al2O3 valence band to the bottom of the InAs and GaSb conduction bands. Subsequently, the offset parameter at the broken gap InAs/GaSb interface is extracted and thus can be used to facilitate the development of predicted models of electron quantum tunneling efficiency and transistor performance. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, Wei; Zhang, Qin; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Levin, Igor; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Peng, Lian-Mao; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Bijesh, R.; Datta, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liang, XL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM liangxl@pku.edu.cn; Nhan.Nguyen@nist.gov RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; Ministry of education of China [113003A]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921904) and the Ministry of education of China (Grant No. 113003A). W.L. was partly supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors would like to acknowledge NIST NanoFab's support for device fabrications. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 21 AR 213501 DI 10.1063/1.4902418 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AU5IE UT WOS:000345639400047 ER PT J AU Zanon-Willette, T Almonacil, S de Clercq, E Ludlow, AD Arimondo, E AF Zanon-Willette, T. Almonacil, S. de Clercq, E. Ludlow, A. D. Arimondo, E. TI Quantum engineering of atomic phase shifts in optical clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; SPECTROSCOPY; ACCURACY; TRAPS; LEVEL AB Quantum engineering of time-separated Raman laser pulses in three-level systems is presented to produce an ultranarrow optical transition in bosonic alkali-earth clocks free from light shifts and with a significantly reduced sensitivity to laser parameter fluctuations. Based on a quantum artificial complex wave-function analytical model and supported by a full density-matrix simulation including a possible residual effect of spontaneous emission from the intermediate state, atomic phase shifts associated with Ramsey and hyper-Ramsey two-photon spectroscopy in optical clocks are derived. Various common-mode Raman frequency detunings are found in which the frequency shifts from off-resonant states are canceled, while their uncertainties at the 10(-18) level of accuracy are strongly reduced. C1 [Zanon-Willette, T.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LERMA, UMR 8112, F-75005 Paris, France. [Zanon-Willette, T.] PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris, LERMA,UMR 8112, F-75014 Paris, France. [Almonacil, S.] Grad Sch, Inst Opt, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. [de Clercq, E.] UPMC, CNRS, Observ Paris, LNE SYRTE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Ludlow, A. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arimondo, E.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. RP Zanon-Willette, T (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LERMA, UMR 8112, F-75005 Paris, France. EM thomas.zanon@upmc.fr NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 24 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053427 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AU3TO UT WOS:000345536700011 ER PT J AU Li, W Birdwell, AG Amani, M Burke, RA Ling, X Lee, YH Liang, XL Peng, LM Richter, CA Kong, J Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Li, Wei Birdwell, A. Glen Amani, Matin Burke, Robert A. Ling, Xi Lee, Yi-Hsien Liang, Xuelei Peng, Lianmao Richter, Curt A. Kong, Jing Gundlach, David J. Nguyen, N. V. TI Broadband optical properties of large-area monolayer CVD molybdenum disulfide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HIGH-QUALITY MONOLAYER; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC LAYERS; BILAYER MOS2; SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOTRANSISTORS; TRANSISTORS AB Recently emerging large-area single-layer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition has triggered great interest due to its exciting potential for applications in advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. Unlike gapless graphene, MoS2 has an intrinsic band gap in the visible which crosses over from an indirect to a direct gap when reduced to a single atomic layer. In this paper, we report a comprehensive study of fundamental optical properties of MoS2 revealed by optical spectroscopy of Raman, photoluminescence, and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry. A band gap of 1.42 eV is determined by the absorption threshold of bulk MoS2 that shifts to 1.83 eV in monolayer MoS2. We extracted the high precision dielectric function up to 9.0 eV, which leads to the identification of many unique interband transitions at high symmetry points in the MoS2 momentum space. The positions of the so-called A and B excitons in single layers are found to shift upwards in energy compared with those of the bulk form and have smaller separation because of the decreased interactions between the layers. A very strong optical critical point predicted to correspond to a quasiparticle gap is observed at 2.86 eV, which is attributed to optical transitions along the parallel bands between the M and Gamma points in the reduced Brillouin zone. The absence of the bulk MoS2 spin-orbit interaction peak at similar to 3.0 eV in monolayer MoS2 is, as predicted, the consequence of the coalescence of nearby excitons. A higher energy optical transition at 3.98 eV, commonly occurring in bulk semiconductors, is associated with a combination of several critical points. Additionally, extending into the vacuum ultraviolet energy spectrum are a series of newly observed oscillations representing optical transitions from valence bands to higher conduction bands of the monolayer MoS2 complex band structure. These optical transitions herein reported enhance our understanding of monolayer MoS2 as well as of two-dimensional systems in general and thus provide informative guidelines for MoS2 optical device designs and theoretical considerations. C1 [Li, Wei; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Birdwell, A. Glen; Amani, Matin; Burke, Robert A.] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ling, Xi; Lee, Yi-Hsien; Kong, Jing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Yi-Hsien] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. RP Li, W (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liangxl@pku.edu.cn; nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China (STC) [2011CB921904]; Ministry of education of China [113003A]; Natural Science Foundation (NSF) of China [61321001]; Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission [Z141100003814006]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials from NSF [DMR-1231319]; US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative program FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (STC) (Grant No. 2011CB921904), the Ministry of education of China (Grant No. 113003A) Natural Science Foundation (NSF) of China (Grant No. 61321001), and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No. Z141100003814006). W. L. was partly supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J.K. acknowledges the support through the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials from NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319. A.G.B., M.A., and R.A.B. were supported by the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 114 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 19 AR 195434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.195434 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AU6WS UT WOS:000345742800005 ER PT J AU Hughes, PP Beasten, A McComb, JC Coplan, MA Al-Sheikhly, M Thompson, AK Vest, RE Sprague, MK Irikura, KK Clark, CW AF Hughes, Patrick P. Beasten, Amy McComb, Jacob C. Coplan, Michael A. Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad Thompson, Alan K. Vest, Robert E. Sprague, Matthew K. Irikura, Karl K. Clark, Charles W. TI High-resolution, vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of boron trifluoride SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE MONOCHROMATOR; SURF-II; PHOTOABSORPTION; TRIHALIDES; BF3 AB In the course of investigations of thermal neutron detection based on mixtures of (BF3)-B-10 with other gases, knowledge was required of the photoabsorption cross sections of (BF3)-B-10 for wavelengths between 135 and 205 nm. Large discrepancies in the values reported in existing literature led to the absolute measurements reported in this communication. The measurements were made at the SURF III Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The measured absorption cross sections vary from 10(-20) cm(2) at 135 nm to less than 10(-21) cm(2) in the region from 165 to 205 nm. Three previously unreported absorption features with resolvable structure were found in the regions 135-145 nm, 150-165 nm, and 190-205 nm. Quantum mechanical calculations, using the TD-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ variant of time-dependent density functional theory implemented in Gaussian 09, suggest that the observed absorption features arise from symmetry-changing adiabatic transitions. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hughes, Patrick P.; Thompson, Alan K.; Vest, Robert E.; Sprague, Matthew K.; Irikura, Karl K.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beasten, Amy; McComb, Jacob C.; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Nucl Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coplan, Michael A.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hughes, PP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Sprague, Matthew/0000-0002-3526-7077 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) [NRC-38-09-934] FX We benefitted from conversations with Michael J. Brunger and Jon Hougen, and thank the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for its financial support (NRC fellowship Grant No. NRC-38-09-934). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 19 AR 194301 DI 10.1063/1.4901324 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AU3LM UT WOS:000345514700018 PM 25416885 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Striegel, AM AF Pitkaenen, Leena Striegel, Andre M. TI AF4/MALS/QELS/DRI characterization of regular star polymers and their "span analogs" SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; MACROMOLECULES; DEGRADATION; SEPARATION; SCATTERING; SIZE AB Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with multi-angle static and quasi-elastic light scattering and differential refractive index detectors, was employed for the separation and characterization of regular star-shaped polystyrenes and their linear and span analogs in tetrahydrofuran. Stars with different arm lengths were separated from each other by employing a binary slope cross-flow gradient. Cross-flow optimization enabled fast separation of polystyrenes in two- and three-component blends. Macromolecular parameters were obtained by using light-scattering and refractive index detection, and properties of polystyrenes with different molecular architectures, were compared. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the separation of star polymers by AF4. Novel characterization approaches for stars are important from both applied and fundamental standpoints, as these macromolecules are valued for their tribological, drug delivery, catalytic and coating capabilities, and also serve as model compounds for the structured study of long-chain branching and its effects in polymers. C1 [Pitkaenen, Leena; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 139 IS 22 BP 5843 EP 5851 DI 10.1039/c4an01105h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AS5KS UT WOS:000344310500029 PM 25221791 ER PT J AU Muramoto, S AF Muramoto, Shin TI Visualizing mass transport in desorption electrospray ionization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: a look at the geometric configuration of the spray SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES; EXPLOSIVES; SURFACES; MECHANISMS; MOLECULES; FORENSICS; DRUGS; DESI; INSTRUMENTATION; CHEMISTRY AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to visualize the transport of analyte molecules desorbed onto a silicon wafer collection substrate by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). The effect of spray incidence angle, tip height, and probe distance on the concentration and the spatial distribution of desorbed analyte molecules were investigated with the objective of identifying DESI operational parameters that provide more reproducible results by achieving steady ion transmission and minimized material loss. An incidence angle between 25 and 35 with respect to the plane of the surface provided the best compromise between maximizing ambient MS signal and achieving the best reliability. Glancing incidence angles provided higher ambient MS signals through a tighter dispersion of the secondary droplet plume, but run-to-run variability of as much as 40%. On the other hand, steeper incidence angles led to a widening of the lateral dispersion of the secondary droplets and decreased analyte desorption. For all incidence angles, shorter probe distances were preferred since the resulting tighter dispersion of the secondary droplets produced higher ion transmission and therefore higher ambient MS signals. Tip height was found to correlate with the spot size (footprint) of the spray on the surface; changing the tip height from (1 to 2 to 3) mm changed the diameter of the spray impact area from (1.3, 1.8, to 2.1) mm, respectively. For shorter probe to MS inlet distances, larger tip heights increased the ambient MS signal due to increased analyte desorption while maintaining a tighter dispersion of the secondary droplet plume. Equally important to optimizing instrument configuration was the understanding that the deposition of a sample onto the surface resulted in a coffee ring, where the diameter was larger than the spot size of the spray. Higher tip heights may be preferred for a more consistent analyte response since all or a large fraction of the analyte could be sampled to reduce variability in ambient MS response. The study showed that ToF-SIMS can be used as a unique tool for characterizing the transport of desorbed analyte molecules for DESI, and potentially offers insight into new interface designs for improved transmission of analyte into the mass spectrometer. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muramoto, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinichiro.muramoto@nist.gov RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD NOV 21 PY 2014 VL 139 IS 22 BP 5868 EP 5878 DI 10.1039/c4an01481b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AS5KS UT WOS:000344310500032 PM 25225848 ER PT J AU Fang, B Cohen, O Liscidini, M Sipe, JE Lorenz, VO AF Fang, Bin Cohen, Offir Liscidini, Marco Sipe, John E. Lorenz, Virginia O. TI Fast and highly resolved capture of the joint spectral density of photon pairs SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID SILICON WAVE-GUIDES; CRYSTAL FIBER; GENERATION AB Controlling the spatial and spectral-temporal properties of photon pairs produced in artificially structured materials is fundamental to the realization of numerous photonic quantum information applications. Tailoring the joint spectral properties of photon pairs is of particular importance for applications relying on time energy entanglement, high-visibility interference, and heralding. Yet measuring the joint spectral properties is a time-consuming task requiring coincidence counting, typically resulting in low-resolution spectra with a poor signal-to-noise ratio. In this work we capture the joint spectral correlations of photon pairs that would be produced in optical fibers with unprecedented speed, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, using a scheme based on stimulated four-wave mixing. We also illustrate that this technique can be used in engineering joint spectral correlations, making it a powerful tool for studying quantum states. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Fang, Bin; Lorenz, Virginia O.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cohen, Offir] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Cohen, Offir] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Liscidini, Marco] Univ Pavia, Dept Phys, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Sipe, John E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Sipe, John E.] Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Fang, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM bfang@udel.edu OI Liscidini, Marco/0000-0003-4001-9569 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1205812]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Delaware Research Foundation (UDRF) FX National Science Foundation (NSF) (1205812); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Delaware Research Foundation (UDRF). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 5 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.1.000281 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI6JE UT WOS:000354864200003 ER PT J AU Rieker, GB Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Kofler, J Zolot, AM Sinclair, LC Baumann, E Cromer, C Petron, G Sweeney, C Tans, PP Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Rieker, G. B. Giorgetta, F. R. Swann, W. C. Kofler, J. Zolot, A. M. Sinclair, L. C. Baumann, E. Cromer, C. Petron, G. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Frequency-comb-based remote sensing of greenhouse gases over kilometer air paths SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE EMISSIONS; CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; TIME; ACCURACY; SPECTROMETER; COEFFICIENTS; RETRIEVALS AB Increasing our understanding of regional greenhouse gas transport, sources, and sinks requires accurate, precise, continuous measurements of small gas enhancements over long ranges. We demonstrate a coherent dual frequency-comb spectroscopy technique capable of achieving these goals. Spectra are acquired spanning 5990 to 6260 cm(-1) (1600-1670 nm) covering similar to 700 absorption features from CO2, CH4, H2O, HDO, and (CO2)-C-13, across a 2 km path. The spectra have sub-1-kHz frequency accuracy, no instrument lineshape, and a 0.0033 cm(-1) point spacing. They are fit with different absorption models to yield dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases. These results are compared with a point sensor under well-mixed conditions to evaluate the accuracy of models critical to global satellite-based trace gas monitoring. Under heterogeneous conditions, time-resolved data demonstrate tracking of small variations in mole fractions, with a precision <1 ppm for CO2 and <3 ppb for CH4 in 5 min. Portable systems could enable regional monitoring. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Rieker, G. B.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Swann, W. C.; Zolot, A. M.; Sinclair, L. C.; Baumann, E.; Cromer, C.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rieker, G. B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kofler, J.; Petron, G.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rieker, GB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM greg.rieker@colorado.edu; nathan.newbury@nist.gov RI Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Research Council FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements); National Research Council (Research associateship award). NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 40 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 5 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.1.000290 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI6JE UT WOS:000354864200005 ER PT J AU Gierczak, T Baasandorj, M Burkholder, JB AF Gierczak, Tomasz Baasandorj, M. Burkholder, James B. TI OH plus (E)- and (Z)-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1 (CF3CH equivalent to CHCI) Reaction Rate Coefficients: Stereoisomer-Dependent Reactivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MECHANISTIC ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; POTENTIALS; TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE; PRODUCTS; CHLORIDE; KINETICS AB Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (E)- and (Z)-CF3CH-CHCl (1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene-1, HFO-1233zd) (k(1)(T) and k(2)(T), respectively) were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH over the temperature range 213-376 K. OH was produced by pulsed laser photolysis, and its temporal profile was measured using laser-induced fluorescence. The obtained rate coefficients were independent of pressure between 25 and 100 Torr (He, N-2) with k(1)(296 K) = (3.76 +/- 0.35) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(2)(296 K) = (9.46 +/- 0.85) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (quoted uncertainties are 2s and include estimated systematic errors). k2(T) showed a weak non-Arrhenius behavior over this temperature range. The (E)- and (Z)- stereoisomer rate coefficients were found to have opposite temperature dependencies that are well represented by k(1)(T) = (1.14 +/- 0.15) x 10(-12) exp[(-330 +/- 10)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(2)(T) = (7.22 +/- 0.65) x 10(-19) x T-2 x exp[(800 +/- 20)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The present results are compared with a previous room temperature relative rate coefficient study of k1, and an explanation for the discrepancy is presented. CF3CHO, HC(O)Cl, and CF3CClO, were observed as stable end-products following the OH radical initiated degradation of (E)- and (Z)-CF3CH-CHCl in the presence of O-2. In addition, chemically activated isomerization was also observed. Atmospheric local lifetimes of (E)- and (Z)-CF3CH-CHCl, due to OH reactive loss, were estimated to be similar to 34 and similar to 11 days, respectively. Infrared absorption spectra measured in this work were used to estimate radiative efficiencies and well-mixed global warming potentials of similar to 10 and similar to 3 for (E)- and (Z)-CF3CH-CHCl, respectively, on the 100-year time horizon. C1 [Gierczak, Tomasz; Baasandorj, M.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gierczak, Tomasz; Baasandorj, M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX We thank Rajiv Singh and Ryan Hulse of Honeywell Corp. for providing the (E)- and (Z)-CF3CH=CHCl samples and purity analysis. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 46 BP 11015 EP 11025 DI 10.1021/jp509127h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AU2WD UT WOS:000345474500015 PM 25333607 ER PT J AU Diallo, SO Azuah, RT Abernathy, DL Taniguchi, J Suzuki, M Bossy, J Mulders, N Glyde, HR AF Diallo, S. O. Azuah, R. T. Abernathy, D. L. Taniguchi, Junko Suzuki, Masaru Bossy, Jacques Mulders, N. Glyde, H. R. TI Evidence for a Common Physical Origin of the Landau and BEC Theories of Superfluidity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-HELIUM; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; CONDENSATE FRACTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ROTON; ENERGY; HE-4; S(Q,OMEGA) AB There are two renowned theories of superfluidity in liquid He-4, quite different and each with specific domains of application. In the first, the Landau theory, superflow follows from the existence of a well-defined collective mode supported by dense liquid He-4, the phonon-roton mode. In the second, superflow is a manifestation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and phase coherence in the liquid. We present combined measurements of superfluidity, BEC and phonon-roton (P-R) modes in liquid He-4 confined in the porous medium MCM-41. The results integrate the two theories by showing that well-defined P-R modes exist where there is BEC. The two are common properties of a Bose condensed liquid and either can be used as a basis of a theory of superfluidity. In addition, the confinement and disorder suppresses the critical temperature for superfluidity, T-c, below that for BEC creating a localized BEC "phase" consisting of islands of BEC and P-R modes. This phase is much like the pseudogap phase in the cuprate superconductors. C1 [Diallo, S. O.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taniguchi, Junko; Suzuki, Masaru] Univ Electrocommun, Dept Engn Sci, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. [Bossy, Jacques] CNRS UJF, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Mulders, N.; Glyde, H. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Diallo, SO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Diallo, Souleymane/B-3111-2016; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391; FU U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-FG02-03ER46038]; Scientific User Facilities Division, BES, U.S. DOE FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), USA, and the Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France, where the neutron scattering measurements were conducted. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46038. Research conducted at ORNL's SNS is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, BES, U.S. DOE. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 21 AR 215302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.215302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AU2QM UT WOS:000345462900006 PM 25479500 ER PT J AU Nalewajko, K Sikora, M Begelman, MC AF Nalewajko, Krzysztof Sikora, Marek Begelman, Mitchell C. TI RECONCILING MODELS OF LUMINOUS BLAZARS WITH MAGNETIC FLUXES DETERMINED BY RADIO CORE-SHIFT MEASUREMENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC JETS; X-RAY; ELECTROMAGNETIC EXTRACTION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; KINETIC-ENERGY; GAMMA-RAYS; ACCRETION; QUASARS AB Estimates of magnetic field strength in relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei, obtained by measuring the frequency-dependent radio core location, imply that the total magnetic fluxes in those jets are consistent with the predictions of the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) scenario of jet formation. On the other hand, the magnetic field strength determines the luminosity of the synchrotron radiation, which forms the low-energy bump of the observed blazar spectral energy distribution (SED). The SEDs of the most powerful blazars are strongly dominated by the high-energy bump, which is most likely due to the external radiation Compton mechanism. This high Compton dominance may be difficult to reconcile with the MAD scenario, unless (1) the geometry of external radiation sources (broadline region, hot-dust torus) is quasi-spherical rather than flat, or (2) most gamma-ray radiation is produced in jet regions of low magnetization, e.g., in magnetic reconnection layers or in fast jet spines. C1 [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, Krzysztof] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Sikora, Marek] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nalewajko, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM knalew@stanford.edu OI BEGELMAN, MITCHELL/0000-0003-0936-8488 FU NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program; NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB375]; Polish NCN [DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845]; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship - Chandra X-ray Center [PF3-140130]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We thank the reviewers and Andrzej Zdziarski for helpful comments on the manuscript. M.S. thanks the JILA Fellows for their hospitality during the early stages of this project. This project was partly supported by the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX14AB375, and Polish NCN grant DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845. K.N. was supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF3-140130 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2014 VL 796 IS 1 AR L5 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/796/1/L5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT0TF UT WOS:000344647000005 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Samhouri, JF Stier, AC Levin, PS AF Shelton, Andrew Olaf Samhouri, Jameal F. Stier, Adrian C. Levin, Philip S. TI Assessing trade-offs to inform ecosystem-based fisheries management of forage fish SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MARINE FISH; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; VARIANCE; IMPACTS; SCIENCE; REGIME; SALMON AB Twenty-first century conservation is centered on negotiating trade-offs between the diverse needs of people and the needs of the other species constituting coupled human-natural ecosystems. Marine forage fishes, such as sardines, anchovies, and herring, are a nexus for such trade-offs because they are both central nodes in marine food webs and targeted by fisheries. An important example is Pacific herring, Clupea pallisii in the Northeast Pacific. Herring populations are subject to two distinct fisheries: one that harvests adults and one that harvests spawned eggs. We develop stochastic, age-structured models to assess the interaction between fisheries, herring populations, and the persistence of predators reliant on herring populations. We show that egg- and adult-fishing have asymmetric effects on herring population dynamics - herring stocks can withstand higher levels of egg harvest before becoming depleted. Second, ecosystem thresholds proposed to ensure the persistence of herring predators do not necessarily pose more stringent constraints on fisheries than conventional, fishery driven harvest guidelines. Our approach provides a general template to evaluate ecosystem trade-offs between stage-specific harvest practices in relation to environmental variability, the risk of fishery closures, and the risk of exceeding ecosystem thresholds intended to ensure conservation goals are met. C1 [Shelton, Andrew Olaf; Samhouri, Jameal F.; Stier, Adrian C.; Levin, Philip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank Ernie Gladstone, Hilary Thorpe, Peter Lantin, Guujaaw, Russ Jones, and Norm Sloan for discussions about herring fisheries that motivated this manuscript. Comments by Nathan Taylor, Ernie Gladstone, and Hilary Thorpe improved the paper. PSL thanks M. ocellata for inspiration. We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for support for ACS. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 7110 DI 10.1038/srep07110 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW3GZ UT WOS:000346175700001 PM 25407879 ER PT J AU Hasz, K Ijiri, Y Krycka, KL Borchers, JA Booth, RA Oberdick, S Majetich, SA AF Hasz, K. Ijiri, Y. Krycka, K. L. Borchers, J. A. Booth, R. A. Oberdick, S. Majetich, S. A. TI Particle moment canting in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANISOTROPY; MAGNETISM; SPIN AB Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering methods are used to determine the spin morphology in high crystalline anisotropy, 11 nm diameter CoFe2O4 nanoparticle assemblies with randomly oriented easy axes. In moderate to high magnetic fields, the nanoparticles adopt a uniformly canted structure, rather than forming domains, shells, or other arrangements. The observed canting angles agree quantitatively with those predicted from an energy model dominated by Zeeman and anisotropy competition, with implications for the technological use of such nanoparticles. C1 [Hasz, K.; Ijiri, Y.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Booth, R. A.; Oberdick, S.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hasz, K (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM yumi.ijiri@oberlin.edu RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1104489]; Oberlin College Research Status Award; DOE [DEFG0208ER4648] FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1104489 and an Oberlin College Research Status Award. The research made use of facilities supported from NSF DMR-0944772. R.A.B., S.D.O., and S.A.M. acknowledge support by the DOE through Grant No. DEFG0208ER4648. We thank W. C. Chen and S. M. Watson for their assistance with the polarized 3He spin filters. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 18 AR 180405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.180405 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AU2RH UT WOS:000345464900001 ER PT J AU Swift, SM Hudgens, JW Heselpoth, RD Bales, PM Nelson, DC AF Swift, Steven M. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Heselpoth, Ryan D. Bales, Patrick M. Nelson, Daniel C. TI Characterization of AlgMsp, an Alginate Lyase from Microbulbifer sp 6532A SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; OLIGOALGINATE LYASE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; IN-VITRO; PURIFICATION; DEPOLYMERIZATION; STRAIN; DELIVERY AB Alginate is a polysaccharide produced by certain seaweeds and bacteria that consists of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid residues. Seaweed alginate is used in food and industrial chemical processes, while the biosynthesis of bacterial alginate is associated with pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Alginate lyases cleave this polysaccharide into short oligo-uronates and thus have the potential to be utilized for both industrial and medicinal applications. An alginate lyase gene, algMsp, from Microbulbifer sp. 6532A, was synthesized as an E. coli codon-optimized clone. The resulting 37 kDa recombinant protein, AlgMsp, was expressed, purified and characterized. The alginate lyase displayed highest activity at pH 8 and 0.2 M NaCl. Activity of the alginate lyase was greatest at 50 degrees C; however the enzyme was not stable over time when incubated at 50 degrees C. The alginate lyase was still highly active at 25 degrees C and displayed little or no loss of activity after 24 hours at 25 degrees C. The activity of AlgMsp was not dependent on the presence of divalent cations. Comparing activity of the lyase against polymannuronic acid and polyguluronic acid substrates showed a higher turnover rate for polymannuronic acid. However, AlgMSP exhibited greater catalytic efficiency with the polyguluronic acid substrate. Prolonged AlgMsp-mediated degradation of alginate produced dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer oligo-uronates. C1 [Swift, Steven M.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Heselpoth, Ryan D.; Bales, Patrick M.; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nelson, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM nelsond@umd.edu OI Swift, Steven/0000-0002-3840-4401 FU United States Department of Defense [DM102823] FX This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Defense (DM102823) to DCN. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112939 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112939 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU3SG UT WOS:000345533200049 PM 25409178 ER PT J AU Porsev, SG Safronova, MS Clark, CW AF Porsev, S. G. Safronova, M. S. Clark, Charles W. TI Relativistic calculations of C-6 and C-8 coefficients for strontium dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANTS; LOW-LYING LEVELS; OPTICAL LATTICE; SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZABILITIES; YTTERBIUM; BARIUM; CLOCK AB The electric-dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of the 5s5p 3P1 degrees 1 state and the C-6 and C-8 coefficients for the S-1(0) + S-1(0) and S-1(0) + P-3(1)degrees dimers of strontium are calculated using a high- precision relativistic approach that combines configuration interaction and linearized coupled-cluster methods. Our recommended values of the long-range dispersion coefficients for the 0(u) and 1(u) energy levels are C-6(0(u)) = 3771(32) a.u. and C-6(1(u)) = 4001(33) a. u., respectively. They are in good agreement with recent results from experimental photoassociation data. We also calculate C-8 coefficients for Sr dimers, which are needed for precise determination of long-range interaction potential. We confirm the experimental value for the magic wavelength, where the Stark shift on the S-1(0)-P-3(1)degrees transition vanishes. The accuracy of calculations is analyzed and uncertainties are assigned to all quantities reported in this work. C1 [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porsev, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY-0822671]; Office of Naval Research; NSF [PHY-1212442]; US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank P. Julienne, M. Borkowski, and R. Ciurylo for helpful discussions. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and by the Office of Naval Research. The work of S.G.P. was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.052715 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AT9JF UT WOS:000345243200006 ER PT J AU McNally, DE Simonson, JW Post, KW Yin, ZP Pezzoli, M Smith, GJ Leyva, V Marques, C DeBeer-Schmitt, L Kolesnikov, AI Zhao, Y Lynn, JW Basov, DN Kotliar, G Aronson, MC AF McNally, D. E. Simonson, J. W. Post, K. W. Yin, Z. P. Pezzoli, M. Smith, G. J. Leyva, V. Marques, C. DeBeer-Schmitt, L. Kolesnikov, A. I. Zhao, Y. Lynn, J. W. Basov, D. N. Kotliar, G. Aronson, M. C. TI Origin of the charge gap in LaMnPO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; IRON PNICTIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; INSULATOR; METAL; CHALCOGENIDES; ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRANSITION; COLLAPSE AB We present high temperature inelastic neutron scattering and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the antiferromagnetic insulator LaMnPO that are consistent with the presence of two-dimensional magnetic correlations up to a temperature T-max approximate to 700 K >> T-N = 375 K, the Neel temperature. Optical transmission measurements show the T = 300 K direct charge gap Lambda = 1 eV has decreased only marginally by 500 K and suggest it decreases by only 10% at T-max. Density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory calculations reproduce a direct charge gap in paramagnetic LaMnPO only when a strong Hund's coupling J(H) = 0.9 eV is included, as well as on-site Hubbard U = 8 eV. Our results show that LaMnPO is a Mott-Hund's insulator, in which the charge gap is rather insensitive to antiferromagnetic exchange coupling. C1 [McNally, D. E.; Simonson, J. W.; Pezzoli, M.; Smith, G. J.; Leyva, V.; Marques, C.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Post, K. W.; Basov, D. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Yin, Z. P.; Pezzoli, M.; Kotliar, G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [DeBeer-Schmitt, L.; Kolesnikov, A. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McNally, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM daniel.mcnally@stonybrook.edu RI DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/I-3313-2015; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/0000-0001-9679-3444; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX We acknowledge the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering for providing the NSS-EFF funds that supported this research. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce in providing neutron research facilities used in this work. Research at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 18 AR 180403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.180403 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AT9KA UT WOS:000345245200001 ER PT J AU Moody, G Feng, M McDonald, C Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Moody, G. Feng, M. McDonald, C. Mirin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. TI Homogeneous linewidth narrowing of the charged exciton via nuclear spin screening in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE AB In semiconductor quantum dots, the electron hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath is the leading source of spin decoherence at cryogenic temperature. Using high-resolution two-color differential transmission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that such electron-nuclear coupling also imposes a lower limit for the positively charged exciton dephasing rate, gamma, in an ensemble of InAs/GaAs quantum dots. We find that gamma is sensitive to the energetic overlap of the charged exciton spin states, which can be controlled through the application of an external magnetic field in the Faraday configuration. At zero applied field, electron-nuclear coupling induces additional dephasing beyond the radiative limit and gamma = 230 MHz (0.95 mu eV). Screening of the hyperfine interaction is achieved for an external field of approximate to 1 T, resulting in gamma = 172 MHz (0.71 mu eV) limited only by spontaneous recombination along the dipole-allowed transition. These results are reproduced with a simple and intuitive model that captures the essential features of the electron hyperfine interaction and its influence on gamma. C1 [Moody, G.; Feng, M.; McDonald, C.; Mirin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.silverman@nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 18 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 20 AR 205306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.205306 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AT9KT UT WOS:000345247100005 ER PT J AU Mikelsons, K Wang, MH Jiang, LD Bouali, M AF Mikelsons, Karlis Wang, Menghua Jiang, Lide Bouali, Marouan TI Destriping algorithm for improved satellite-derived ocean color product imagery SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; VIIRS; PERFORMANCE; REFLECTANCE; SEAWIFS; BANDS AB While modern multi-detector sensors offer a much improved image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio among other performance benefits, the multi-detector arrangement gives rise to striping in satellite imagery due to various sources, which cannot be perfectly corrected by sensor calibration. Recently, Bouali and Ignatov (2014) [J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 150-163 (2014)] introduced a new approach to remove relatively small detector performance-related striping from thermal infrared bands for improved sea surface temperature data. We show that this methodology, with appropriately chosen parameters and adjustments, can also be applied to remove striping of a much larger variance from the solar reflective band data. Specifically, we modify and apply this new approach to remove striping from satellite-derived normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nL(w)(lambda) obtained from solar reflective bands. It is important that the destriping approach not be applied to the top-of-atmosphere radiances. The results show a significant improvement in image quality for both nL(w)(lambda) spectra and nL(w)(lambda)-derived ocean biological and biogeochemical products such as chlorophyll-a concentration, and the water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm K-d(490). (C)2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Mikelsons, Karlis; Wang, Menghua; Jiang, Lide] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mikelsons, Karlis] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bouali, Marouan] Univ Sao Paulo, Oceanog Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Mikelsons, Karlis/C-9147-2015 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; Mikelsons, Karlis/0000-0003-2540-0687 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 23 BP 28058 EP 28070 DI 10.1364/OE.22.028058 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT9TI UT WOS:000345268500027 PM 25402046 ER PT J AU Klose, A Yeas, G Maser, DL Diddams, SA AF Klose, Andrew Yeas, Gabriel Maser, Daniel L. Diddams, Scott A. TI Tunable, stable source of femtosecond pulses near 2 mu m via supercontinuum of an Erbium mode-locked laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB SOURCE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-POWER; FIBER LASER; ERFIBER OSCILLATOR; GENERATION; AMPLIFIER; BAND; BANDWIDTH; SYSTEM AB A source of ultrashort pulses of light in the 2 mu m region was constructed using supercontinuum broadening from an erbium mode-locked laser. The output spectrum spanned 1000 nm to 2200 nm with an average power of 250 mW. A pulse width of 39 fs for part of the spectrum in the 2000 nm region, corresponding to less than six optical cycles, was achieved. A heterodyne measurement of the free-running mode-locked laser with a narrow-linewidth continuous wave laser resulted in a near shot noise-limited beat note with a signal-to-noise ratio of 45 dB in a 10 kHz resolution bandwidth. The relative intensity noise of the broadband system was investigated over the entire supercontinuum, and the integrated relative intensity noise of the 2000 nm portion of the spectrum was 1.7x10(-3). The long-term stability of the system was characterized, and intensity fluctuations in the spectrum were found to be highly correlated throughout the supercontinuum. Spectroscopic limitations due to the laser noise characteristics are discussed. C1 [Klose, Andrew; Yeas, Gabriel; Maser, Daniel L.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Maser, Daniel L.; Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Klose, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.klose@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The present work was funded in part by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. The authors would like to thank T.A. Johnson, D. Hackett, F.C. Cruz, I. Coddington, and N. Newbury for useful discussions, and M. Hirano of Sumitomo for providing the nonlinear fiber. A.K. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. This work is a contribution of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 23 BP 28400 EP 28411 DI 10.1364/OE.22.028400 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT9TI UT WOS:000345268500063 PM 25402082 ER PT J AU Hebert, NB Boudreau, S Genest, J Deschenes, JD AF Hebert, Nicolas Bourbeau Boudreau, Sylvain Genest, Jerome Deschenes, Jean-Daniel TI Coherent dual-comb interferometry with quasi-integer-ratio repetition rates SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB; SPECTROSCOPY AB We demonstrate a generalized method for dual-comb interferometry that involves the use of two frequency combs with quasi-integer-ratio repetition rates. We use a 16.67 MHz comb to probe an 80-cm-long ring cavity and a 100 MHz comb to asynchronously sample its impulse response. The resulting signal can be seen as six time-multiplexed independent interferograms. We perform a deconvolution of the photodetector's impulse response to prevent any crosstalk between these multiplexed data sets. The measurement is then demultiplexed and corrected with referencing signals. We obtain a measurement with a spectral point spacing of 16.67 MHz and a spectral SNR of 55 dB by averaging 15,000 interferograms, corresponding to a measurement time of 500 s. Compared to conventional dual-comb spectroscopy, this generalized technique allows to either reduce the spectral point spacing or the acquisition time by changing the repetition rate of only one of the combs. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hebert, Nicolas Bourbeau; Boudreau, Sylvain; Genest, Jerome; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Genest, J (reprint author), Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM jgenest@gel.ulaval.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature et Technologies FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature et Technologies. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 23 BP 29152 EP 29160 DI 10.1364/OE.22.029152 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT9TI UT WOS:000345268500135 PM 25402154 ER PT J AU Neilson, JD Loefer, J Prince, ED Royer, F Calmettes, B Gaspar, P Lopez, R Andrushchenko, I AF Neilson, John D. Loefer, Josh Prince, Eric D. Royer, Francois Calmettes, Beatriz Gaspar, Philippe Lopez, Remy Andrushchenko, Irene TI Seasonal Distributions and Migrations of Northwest Atlantic Swordfish: Inferences from Integration of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tagging Studies SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS; HABITAT COMPRESSION; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; PELAGIC FISHES; TAGS; TRACKING; TUNA AB Data sets from three laboratories conducting studies of movements and migrations of Atlantic swordfish (Xiphias gladius) using pop-up satellite archival tags were pooled, and processed using a common methodology. From 78 available deployments, 38 were selected for detailed examination based on deployment duration. The points of deployment ranged from southern Newfoundland to the Straits of Florida. The aggregate data comprise the most comprehensive information describing migrations of swordfish in the Atlantic. Challenges in using data from different tag manufacturers are discussed. The relative utility of geolocations obtained with light is compared with results derived from temperature information for this deep-diving species. The results show that fish tagged off North America remain in the western Atlantic throughout their deployments. This is inconsistent with the model of stock structure used in assessments conducted by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, which assumes that fish mix freely throughout the North Atlantic. C1 [Neilson, John D.; Andrushchenko, Irene] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Loefer, Josh] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Royer, Francois] Datasio, F-31000 Toulouse, France. [Calmettes, Beatriz; Gaspar, Philippe; Lopez, Remy] Collecte Localisat Satellites, F-31526 Ramonville St Agne, France. RP Neilson, JD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 531 Brandy Cove Rd, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. EM John.Neilson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans; United States National Marine Fisheries Service; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources FX The work was jointly supported by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the United States National Marine Fisheries Service and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 17 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112736 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112736 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8BL UT WOS:000345158700066 PM 25401964 ER PT J AU Creamean, JM Spackman, JR Davis, SM White, AB AF Creamean, Jessie M. Spackman, J. Ryan Davis, Sean M. White, Allen B. TI Climatology of long-range transported Asian dust along the West Coast of the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Asian dust; trans-Pacific transport; IMPROVE network; U; S; West Coast; wet removal ID TRANS-PACIFIC TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; EOLIAN DUST; SIMULATED CLIMATOLOGY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MINERAL AEROSOLS; DEPOSITION; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; JAPAN AB The contribution of trans-Pacific dust estimated from satellite observations has been shown to be 3 times greater than domestic dust in North America throughout the year. Thus, a quantitative understanding of the frequency and locations where Asian dust is transported is necessary to improve global dust modeling for weather and climate predictions. This work presents a 10year record (2002-2011) of dust along the U.S. West Coast estimated from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments network in an effort to characterize the seasonal cycle and interannual variability of Asian dust transport. In addition, observations of dust exported from East Asia were analyzed along with air mass trajectories and satellite and ground-based precipitation data to investigate seasonal variability of Asian dust transport. On average, Asian dust concentrations (0.08-0.60 mu gm(-3)) from ground-based observations were 1.7 times those of local dust (0.00-0.53 mu gm(-3)) and 23% (up to 44%) of fine particulate matter (particles with diameters 2.5 micrometers, or PM2.5) mass concentrations at high elevations in the spring. The maximum in springtime Asian dust on the U.S. West Coast was attributed to higher source concentrations (10.98-36.27 mu gm(-3)) and reduced potential for wet removal over the Pacific Ocean and U.S. West Coast. Although trans-Pacific transport was more favorable during the winter, minimum concentrations of Asian dust were observed on the U.S. West Coast (0.11 mu gm(-3)) due to a lower source influence and higher potential for wet removal during transport. Multiobservational approaches such as these should be taken into account when modeling transport of Asian dust to the western U.S. C1 [Creamean, Jessie M.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Davis, Sean M.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.; Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600 FU U.S. National Park Service; Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Forest Service; Fish and Wildlife Service; Bureau of Land Management; National Research Council Research Associate Program FX The IMPROVE aerosol monitoring network is a cooperative program funded by the U.S. National Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. Data presented were accessed on 25 June 2013 (soil, Fe, and Ca concentrations), 29 May 2014 (PM2.5 concentrations), and 21 August 2014 (uncertainties and MDLs), and can be found at http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/. Richard VanCuren is acknowledged for insightful discussion regarding the Fe/Ca ratio method using IMPROVE data. NIES data can be found at http://www-lidar.nies.go.jp/. In particular, Nobou Sugimoto is acknowledged for his insightful discussions regarding the NIES data. HYSPLIT analyses were performed using wind fields from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. TRMM analyses and visualizations used in this manuscript were produced with the Giovanni online data system TRMM Online Visualization and Analysis System hydrology portal, developed and maintained by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (data found at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/precipitation/tovas/). The National Atmospheric Deposition Program is acknowledged for public usage of their National Trends Network Data; data can be found at http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/. Charles Brock and Dan Murphy are acknowledged for providing constructive feedback during draft revisions. Jessie Creamean was funded by the National Research Council Research Associate Program. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 21 BP 12171 EP 12185 DI 10.1002/2014JD021694 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU6EQ UT WOS:000345696600027 ER PT J AU Cox, CJ Walden, VP Compo, GP Rowe, PM Shupe, MD Steffen, K AF Cox, Christopher J. Walden, Von P. Compo, Gilbert P. Rowe, Penny M. Shupe, Matthew D. Steffen, Konrad TI Downwelling longwave flux over Summit, Greenland, 2010-2012: Analysis of surface-based observations and evaluation of ERA-Interim using wavelets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE wavelet analysis; downwelling longwave flux; Greenland; reanalysis; cloud properties ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; RESPONSIVITY-BASED CRITERION; POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; ARCTIC CLOUD; ICE-SHEET; ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSES; ACCURATE CALIBRATION; RADIATIVE FLUXES; PART II; PERFORMANCE AB This study analyzes the downwelling longwave radiation (DLW) over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) using surface-based observations from Summit Station (72 degrees N, 38 degrees W; 3210m) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) DLW fields. Since surface-based observations are sparse in the Arctic, the accuracy of including reanalyses for spatial context is assessed. First, the DLW at Summit is reported, including the significant time scales of variability using time-frequency decomposition (wavelet analysis). A new method for evaluating reanalyses is then introduced that also uses wavelet analysis. ERA-Interim DLW performs reasonably well at Summit, but because it includes too many thin clouds and too few thick clouds, it is biased low overall. The correlation between the observations and ERA-Interim drops from r(2)>0.8 to near 0 for time series reconstructed from time scales less than similar to 4days. These low correlations and additional analyses suggest that the spatial resolution of the data sets is a factor in representing variability on short time scales. The bias is low across all time scales and is thus likely tied to cloud generation processes in the model rather than the spatial representation of the atmosphere across the GrIS. The exception is autumn, when ERA-Interim overestimates the influence of clouds at time scales of 1 and 4weeks. The spatial distribution of cloud influence on the DLW across the GrIS indicates that Summit is located in a transition zone with respect to cloud properties. The gradient across this transition zone is steepest near Summit in autumn, so the spatial characteristics of the atmosphere near Summit may contribute to the ERA-Interim bias during this time. C1 [Cox, Christopher J.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, Christopher J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, Christopher J.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cox, Christopher J.; Walden, Von P.; Rowe, Penny M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Walden, Von P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rowe, Penny M.] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cox, CJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.cox-2@colorado.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU National Science Foundation as part of the Arctic Observing Network [ARC-0856773, ARC-0904152, ARC-0856559]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research program; NOAA Climate Program Office; CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program; University of Idaho; NSF [ARC-1108451]; Proyecto Basal [Preis USA-1298]; USACH-DICYT ASOCIATIVO [Preis 041331CC_DAS]; USACH-DICYT Postdoc. FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants ARC-0856773, 0904152 and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network. ICECAPS data sets are available from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program data archive (http://www.arm.gov). Pyrgeometer measurements were provided by the University of Colorado/CIRES (Steffen Research Group). We thank the team of scientists, engineers, field technicians, and students that are part of the ICECAPS team and Polar Field Services for their logistical support at Summit Station. Additional observational data used in this study were provided by NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division (P.P. Tans, J. Elkins, J. Butler, S. Montzka, and T. Thompson). Computational support for wavelet analysis was provided by C. Torrence (http://paos.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/). Meteorological data used in flux calculations were provided by NOAA-ESRL. We are thankful for the contributions from the anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve the manuscript. G. Compo received support from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research program and from the NOAA Climate Program Office. C. Cox received support through the CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program and the University of Idaho and logistical support from NOAA-ESRL. P. Rowe received support from NSF award ARC-1108451 and from Proyecto Basal (Preis USA-1298), USACH-DICYT ASOCIATIVO (Preis 041331CC_DAS), and USACH-DICYT Postdoc. Intellectual contributions were made by G. de Boer (CIRES, University of Colorado, NOAA-ESRL), J. Abatzoglou (University of Idaho), and J. Hicke (University of Idaho). Data support was provided by D.D. Turner (University of Oklahoma, NOAA-NSSL). Walden would like to acknowledge conversations with M. Town and I. Gorodetskaya (KU Leuven) that inspired this work. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 21 BP 12317 EP 12337 DI 10.1002/2014JD021975 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU6EQ UT WOS:000345696600028 ER PT J AU Li, XY Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Emmons, LK Walters, S Horowitz, LW Tao, S AF Li, Xiaoyuan Liu, Junfeng Mauzerall, Denise L. Emmons, Louisa K. Walters, Stacy Horowitz, Larry W. Tao, Shu TI Effects of trans-Eurasian transport of air pollutants on surface ozone concentrations over Western China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; trans-Eurasian transport; source-receptor relationship; Western China; long-range transport; intercontinental transport ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERIC INTERACTION; UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; EMISSION CONTROLS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; POLLUTION; SENSITIVITY; SUMMERTIME; CLIMATE; QUALITY AB Due to a lack of industrialization in Western China, surface air there was, until recently, believed to be relatively unpolluted. However, recent measurements and modeling studies have found high levels of ozone (O-3) there. Based on the state-of-the-science global chemical transport model MOZART-4, we identify the origin, pathway, and mechanism of trans-Eurasian transport of air pollutants to Western China in 2000. MOZART-4 generally simulates well the observed surface O-3 over inland areas of China. Simulations find surface ozone concentrations over Western China on average to be about 10 ppbv higher than Eastern China. Using sensitivity studies, we find that anthropogenic emissions from all Eurasian regions except China contribute 10-15 ppbv surface O-3 over Western China, superimposed upon a 35-40 ppbv natural background. Transport from European anthropogenic sources to Northwestern China results in 2-6 ppbv O-3 enhancements in spring and summer. Indian anthropogenic sources strongly influence O-3 over the Tibetan Plateau during the summer monsoon. Transport of O-3 originating from emissions in the Middle East occasionally reach Western China and increase surface ozone there by about 1-4 ppbv. These influences are of similar magnitude as trans-Pacific and transatlantic transport of O-3 and its precursors, indicating the significance of trans-Eurasian ozone transport in hemispheric transport of air pollution. Our study further indicates that mitigation of anthropogenic emissions from Europe, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East could benefit public health and agricultural productivity in Western China. C1 [Li, Xiaoyuan; Liu, Junfeng; Tao, Shu] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaoyuan] Peking Univ, Coll Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Emmons, Louisa K.; Walters, Stacy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn RI 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Li, Xiaoyuan/0000-0003-1932-5350; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222011, 41390240, 41130754]; Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education [113001A]; "863" Hi-Tech RAMP;D Program of China [2012AA063303]; 111 Project [B14001] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards 41222011, 41390240, and 41130754, the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education 113001A, the "863" Hi-Tech R&D Program of China under grant 2012AA063303, and the 111 Project (B14001). NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 21 BP 12338 EP 12354 DI 10.1002/2014JD021936 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU6EQ UT WOS:000345696600020 ER PT J AU Marsay, CM Sedwick, PN Dinniman, MS Barrett, PM Mack, SL McGillicuddy, DJ AF Marsay, C. M. Sedwick, P. N. Dinniman, M. S. Barrett, P. M. Mack, S. L. McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. TI Estimating the benthic efflux of dissolved iron on the Ross Sea continental shelf SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ICE; DISTRIBUTIONS; WATERS; FE; 170-DEGREES-W; PRODUCTIVITY AB Continental margin sediments provide a potentially large but poorly constrained source of dissolved iron (dFe) to the upper ocean. The Ross Sea continental shelf is one region where this benthic supply is thought to play a key role in regulating the magnitude of seasonal primary production. Here we present data collected during austral summer 2012 that reveal contrasting low surface (0.08 +/- 0.07 nM) and elevated near-seafloor (0.74 +/- 0.47 nM) dFe concentrations. Combining these observations with results from a high-resolution physical circulation model, we estimate dFe efflux of 5.8 x 10(7) mol yr(-1) from the deeper portions (>400m) of the Ross Sea continental shelf; more than sufficient to account for the inferred "winter reserve" dFe inventory at the onset of the growing season. In addition, elevated dFe concentrations observed over shallower bathymetry suggest that such features provide additional inputs of dFe to the euphotic zone throughout the year. C1 [Marsay, C. M.; Sedwick, P. N.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Dinniman, M. S.; Mack, S. L.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Barrett, P. M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, P. M.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Marsay, CM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM cmarsay@geol.sc.edu OI Marsay, Christopher/0000-0003-1244-0444; Dinniman, Michael/0000-0001-7519-9278 FU NSF [ANT-0944174, ANT-0944165, OCE-0649505] FX Data relating to figures are available as supporting information to this manuscript (Tables S1 and S2). This research was supported by NSF awards ANT-0944174 to P.N.S. and ANT-0944165 to D.J.M. P.M.B. was also funded by NSF OCE-0649505 to J. Resing. This is JISAO publication #2199 and PMEL publication #4118. The authors gratefully acknowledge Bettina Sohst, Candace Wall, and Jennifer Bennett for their assistance with collection, processing, and analysis of water samples. We also thank the other members of the PRISM science team, the officers and crew of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, and the support personnel of Raytheon Polar Services Company for their contributions to this work. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7576 EP 7583 DI 10.1002/2014GL061684 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU3MT UT WOS:000345518300022 ER PT J AU Attwood, AR Washenfelder, RA Brock, CA Hu, W Baumann, K Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Edgerton, ES Murphy, DM Palm, BB McComiskey, A Wagner, NL de Sa, SS Ortega, A Martin, ST Jimenez, JL Brown, SS AF Attwood, A. R. Washenfelder, R. A. Brock, C. A. Hu, W. Baumann, K. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. Edgerton, E. S. Murphy, D. M. Palm, B. B. McComiskey, A. Wagner, N. L. de Sa, S. S. Ortega, A. Martin, S. T. Jimenez, J. L. Brown, S. S. TI Trends in sulfate and organic aerosol mass in the Southeast U.S.: Impact on aerosol optical depth and radiative forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES IMPLICATIONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; EARLY 1990S; PART I; EXTINCTION; SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING; FINE; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS AB Emissions of SO2 in the United States have declined since the early 1990s, resulting in a decrease in aerosol sulfate mass in the Southeastern U. S. of -4.5(+/- 0.9)% yr(-1) between 1992 and 2013. Organic aerosol mass, the other major aerosol component in the Southeastern U. S., has decreased more slowly despite concurrent emission reductions in anthropogenic precursors. Summertime measurements in rural Alabama quantify the change in aerosol light extinction as a function of aerosol composition and relative humidity. Application of this relationship to composition data from 2001 to 2013 shows that a -1.1(+/- 0.7)% yr(-1) decrease in extinction can be attributed to decreasing aerosol water mass caused by the change in aerosol sulfate/organic ratio. Calculated reductions in extinction agree with regional trends in ground-based and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth. The diurnally averaged summertime surface radiative effect has changed by 8.0 W m(-2), with 19% attributed to the decrease in aerosol water. C1 [Attwood, A. R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Brock, C. A.; Murphy, D. M.; McComiskey, A.; Wagner, N. L.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Attwood, A. R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Hu, W.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Palm, B. B.; McComiskey, A.; Wagner, N. L.; Ortega, A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, W.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baumann, K.; Edgerton, E. S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [de Sa, S. S.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ortega, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; Hu, Weiwei/C-7892-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program (AC4); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service; Southern Company; Electric Power Research Institute; NSF [AGS-1243354]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105] FX Data from the SOAS study are publicly available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/senex/. We acknowledge financial support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program (AC4). IMPROVE is a collaborative association of state, tribal, and federal agencies, and international partners; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the primary funding source, with contracting and research support from the National Park Service; the Air Quality Group at the University of California, Davis, is the central analytical laboratory, with ion analysis provided by Research Triangle Institute and carbon analysis provided by Desert Research Institute. Funding for the SEARCH network is provided by Southern Company and the Electric Power Research Institute. The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. We thank the following investigators for the effort in establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites used in this analysis: Brent N. Holben, James P. Sherman, Gary Gimmestad, Steve Tate, Brad Gingrey, and Kevin Knupp. The CU group acknowledges support from NSF AGS-1243354, NOAA NA13OAR4310063, and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7701 EP 7709 DI 10.1002/2014GL061669 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU3MT UT WOS:000345518300038 ER PT J AU Xiang, BQ Wang, B Li, J Zhao, M Lee, JY AF Xiang, Baoqiang Wang, Bin Li, Juan Zhao, Ming Lee, June-Yi TI Understanding the Anthropogenically Forced Change of Equatorial Pacific Trade Winds in Coupled Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atmospheric circulation; Climate models; Numerical analysis; modeling; Climate variability; Tropical variability ID WALKER CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; REGIONAL PATTERNS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LATE 1990S; CO2; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; MECHANISMS AB Understanding the change of equatorial Pacific trade winds is pivotal for understanding the global mean temperature change and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) property change. The weakening of the Walker circulation due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing was suggested as one of the most robust phenomena in current climate models by examining zonal sea level pressure gradient over the tropical Pacific. This study explores another component of the Walker circulation change focusing on equatorial Pacific trade wind change. Model sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the direct/fast response due to GHG forcing is to increase the trade winds, especially over the equatorial central-western Pacific (ECWP) (5 degrees S-5 degrees N, 140 degrees E-150 degrees W), while the indirect/slow response associated with sea surface temperature (SST) warming weakens the trade winds.Further, analysis of the results from 19 models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP)-Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil (OASIS)-ECHAM model (POEM) shows that the projected weakening of the trades is robust only in the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) ( 5 degrees S-5 degrees N, 150 degrees-80 degrees W), but highly uncertain over the ECWP with 9 out of 19 CMIP5 models producing intensified trades. The prominent and robust weakening of EEP trades is suggested to be mainly driven by a top-down mechanism: the mean vertical advection of more upper-tropospheric warming downward to generate a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the southeast tropical Pacific. In the ECWP, the large intermodel spread is primarily linked to model diversity in simulating the relative warming of the equatorial Pacific versus the tropical mean sea surface temperature. The possible root causes of the uncertainty for the trade wind change are also discussed. C1 [Xiang, Baoqiang; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang; Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang; Wang, Bin; Li, Juan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, Bin] NOAA, Dept Meteorol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wang, Bin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, NIAMS, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lee, June-Yi] Pusan Natl Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Pusan, South Korea. RP Xiang, BQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM baoqiang.xiang@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Grant through the Global Research Laboratory Program [MEST 2011-0021927]; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Climate Center (APCC) international project; NOAA MAPP Program [NA12OAR4310075]; International Pacific Research Center - JAMSTEC FX The authors benefitted from discussions with Isaac Held and Shang-Ping Xie. We acknowledge support of this work from Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Grant (MEST 2011-0021927) through the Global Research Laboratory Program and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Climate Center (APCC) international project. B. X. was also partly supported by the NOAA MAPP Program under Awards NA12OAR4310075. The authors also acknowledge partial support from International Pacific Research Center, which is sponsored by JAMSTEC. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 22 BP 8510 EP 8526 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00115.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT2ON UT WOS:000344774200014 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO AF Fierro, Alexandre O. TI Relationships between California rainfall variability and large-scale climate drivers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE variability; rainfall; California; wavelet ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION PATTERNS; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS AB Bootstrapped correlation statistics of seasonally averaged monthly rainfall anomalies for the period 1950-2012 were evaluated between a comprehensive set of Atlantic- and Pacific-based large-scale climate drivers and a group of representative stations over the state of California, United States. In line with past seminal works, the analysis showed a dominant influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) during the wetter (drier) period, particularly to the south (north) of the state. The largest correlation magnitudes were obtained for the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the sea surface temperature (SST)-based El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices Ninos 3 and 3.4. A point-by-point correlation analysis with global SSTs, principal component analysis on the Pacific SST fields and wavelet spectral decomposition all assessed the robustness of the aforementioned relationships. The point-by-point correlation analysis with the SSTs further revealed an overall lack of relationships between rainfall and Atlantic-based climate drivers and suggested that Indian Ocean SSTs are weakly correlated with California rainfall. This analysis also revealed that the relationship of northern California rainfall with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) could be attributed to warm SST anomalies confined along the North American coast during the warm phase of the PDO. Notably, the wavelet analysis applied to extended rainfall records (1900-2012) revealed that the peaks in the rainfall power spectrum for southern California during the drier period are coincident with calendar years associated with the nearby passage or landfall of tropical systems in the southern California/North Baja region rather than teleconnections with large-scale climate drivers. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; US Department of Commerce; NESDIS program under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR NA08OAR4320904] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, US Department of Commerce. This work is supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US Department of Commerce under the grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR NA08OAR4320904. Computer resources were provided both by the Oklahoma Super-computing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The author also wishes to thank Dr W. Sasaki for providing the updated dataset for the Modoki index and Drs K. Elmore and L. Leslie for providing valuable discussions which helped improved the quality of the manuscript. The author would also thank Dr Ian McKendry and one anonymous reviewer for their critical comments, which helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 92 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 13 BP 3626 EP 3640 DI 10.1002/joc.4112 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3KT UT WOS:000344177200011 ER PT J AU West, JE O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM Incardona, JP Doty, DC Dutch, ME AF West, James E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Incardona, John P. Doty, Daniel C. Dutch, Margaret E. TI An evaluation of background levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in naturally spawned embryos of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Herring; Embryos; PAHs; Contaminants; Puget Sound; Maternal transfer ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FISH EMBRYOS; CRUDE-OIL; SPATIAL EXTENT; TOXICITY; MORTALITY; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE; ALASKA AB Pacific herring embryos spawned in nearshore habitats may be exposed to toxic contaminants as they develop, from exogenous sources in spawning habitats and from maternal transfer. Determining baseline concentrations of these toxic contaminants is important for evaluating the health of this species, especially during this sensitive life stage. In this study we compared concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, in naturally spawned herring embryos from five spawning areas across Puget Sound. The summed values of 31 PAH analytes (Sigma(31)PAH) in early- to late-stage development embryos ranged from 1.1 to 140 ng/g, wet weight. Sigma(31)PAH concentrations increased with development time in embryos from one spawning area where the greatest concentrations were observed, and the relative abundance of PAH chemicals in late-stage embryos was similar to those in nearby sediments, suggesting accumulation from local environmental sources. PAHs in both sediments and late-stage embryos appeared to exhibit a pyrogenic pattern. Although maternal transfer of PAHs appeared to be a negligible source to embryos in spawning areas with the greatest embryo PAH concentrations, maternal transfer may have been the dominant source in embryos from spawning areas where the lowest levels of embryo-PAHs occurred. Chronic embryo mortality has been reported in spawning habitats where we observed the greatest concentration of PAHs in embryos, and necrotic tissue in herring embryos from one such location was similar in description to phototoxic PAH necrosis reported elsewhere for embryonic zebrafish. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [West, James E.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Doty, Daniel C.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resource Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dutch, Margaret E.] Washington Dept Ecol, Marine Monitoring Unit, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resource Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM james.west@dfw.wa.gov; sandra.oneill@dfw.wa.gov; gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov; john.incardona@noaa.gov; dan.doty@dfw.wa.gov; margaret.dutch@ecy.wa.gov FU Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Kurt Stick and his WDFW Forage Fish crew for the guidance and advice on herring spawning history and patterns in Puget Sound, and for providing adult fish for the ovary analyses. Kurt Dobszinsky and his crew of the FV Chasina conducted the night-time midwater trawls to capture adult fish for ovaries. Stephen Quinnell, Jim Beam, Greg Lippert, Robert Pacunski, Michael Ulrich, and Wayne Palsson provided assistance in the field. We thank the chemists from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Catherine Sloan, Jennie Bolton, Richard Boyer, Daryle Boyd and Ron Pearce for conducting the chemical analyses of herring eggs. Jennifer Lanksbury provided assistance with applying land-use data to and creating Fig. 1. This manuscript benefitted from several, thoughtful, anonymous reviews. This project was funded by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 499 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.042 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5GN UT WOS:000343613200013 PM 25181043 ER PT J AU Kumi, BC Hammouda, B Greer, SC AF Kumi, Bryna C. Hammouda, Boualem Greer, Sandra C. TI Self-assembly of the triblock copolymer 17R4 poly(propylene oxide)(14)-poly(ethylene oxide)(24)-poly(propylene oxide)(14) in D2O SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Micelles; Block copolymers; SANS; Poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MICELLE FORMATION; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; BLOCK; MICELLIZATION; ASSOCIATION; SYSTEMS AB Our recent investigation of the three regions of the phase diagram of 17R4 in D2O (Huff et al., 2011) has led us to study the copolymer structure in this system by small-angle neutron scattering, rheometry, and dynamic light scattering. In region I at low temperatures and copolymer concentrations (0-30 degrees C, 0.1-0.2 mass fraction omega), the cloudy solution contains the copolymer in large clusters made of hydrophobic PPO-rich "knots" bridged by dissolved hydrophilic PEO chains. These clusters vanish in region I at the lower temperatures and concentrations (below 39 degrees C and omega = 0.01). In region I over long times (weeks) at 25 degrees C, a white liquid/gel film forms at the air-D2O interface. In region II at temperatures above the micellization line (above about 35 degrees C, at omega = 0.22) the large clusters dissipate and unimers coexist with "flower micelles," where the PPO blocks are the centers of the micelles and the PEO blocks loop into the solvent. In region III at still higher temperatures (above about 40 degrees C at omega = 0.2), the solution separates into coexisting liquid phases, where the upper phase of higher copolymer concentration is in region II, and the lower phase is in region I. The concentrated upper phase may contain micelles so crowded as to form a network. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumi, Bryna C.; Greer, Sandra C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Greer, Sandra C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kumi, BC (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM bryna.kumi@gmail.com FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Petroleum Research Fund FX The authors acknowledge the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for their support of this research. The authors thank Srinivasa R. Raghavan for the use of his DLS instrument and Donald T. Jacobs for helpful discussions. The authors acknowledge support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, for providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these are the best available for the purpose. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2014 VL 434 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.049 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AQ5RJ UT WOS:000342866000025 PM 25203912 ER PT J AU Fatemi, V Hunt, B Steinberg, H Eltinge, SL Mahmood, F Butch, NP Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Gedik, N Ashoori, RC Jarillo-Herrero, P AF Fatemi, Valla Hunt, Benjamin Steinberg, Hadar Eltinge, Stephen L. Mahmood, Fahad Butch, Nicholas P. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Gedik, Nuh Ashoori, Raymond C. Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo TI Electrostatic Coupling between Two Surfaces of a Topological Insulator Nanodevice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE; GRAPHENE; BI2SE3; STATE; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3 AB We report on electronic transport measurements of dual-gated nanodevices of the low-carrier density topological insulator (TI) Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3. In all devices, the upper and lower surface states are independently tunable to the Dirac point by the top and bottom gate electrodes. In thin devices, electric fields are found to penetrate through the bulk, indicating finite capacitive coupling between the surface states. A charging model allows us to use the penetrating electric field as a measurement of the intersurface capacitance CTI and the surface state energy-density relationship mu(n), which is found to be consistent with independent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. At high magnetic fields, increased field penetration through the surface states is observed, strongly suggestive of the opening of a surface state band gap due to broken time-reversal symmetry. C1 [Fatemi, Valla; Hunt, Benjamin; Steinberg, Hadar; Eltinge, Stephen L.; Mahmood, Fahad; Gedik, Nuh; Ashoori, Raymond C.; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Steinberg, Hadar] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Fatemi, V (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM vfatemi@mit.edu RI TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011; Hunt, Benjamin/C-3395-2017 OI WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119; Hunt, Benjamin/0000-0002-5008-8042 FU DOE, Basic Energy Sciences Office, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0006418]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF2931]; STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF [DMR-1231319]; MIT MRSEC Initiative under NSF [DMR-0819762]; NSF [DMR-0819762, ECS-0335765]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was partly supported by the DOE, Basic Energy Sciences Office, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award No. DE-SC0006418 (V. F., S. E., H. S., and P. J. H.), by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF2931 and the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials, NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319 (B. H. and R. C. A.), and by an MIT MRSEC Initiative under NSF Grant No. DMR-0819762 (F. M. and N. G.). This work made use of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Shared Experimental Facilities supported by NSF under Grant No. DMR-0819762. Sample fabrication was performed partly at the Harvard Center for Nanoscale Science supported by the NSF under Grant No. ECS-0335765. Sample synthesis and initial characterization were performed under LDRD (Tracking Code 14-ERD-041) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). LLNL is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank A. Stern, Y. Baum, K. Burch, D. Drew, B. Skinner, A. Frenzel, and J. D. Sanchez-Yamagishi for discussions and J. R. Jeffries for performing x-ray diffraction measurements. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 20 AR 206801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.206801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CB5JT UT WOS:000349664000013 PM 25432050 ER PT J AU Sun, WL Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Deschenes, JD Fu, Y Diddams, SA Campbell, JC AF Sun, Wenlu Quinlan, Franklyn Fortier, Tara M. Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Fu, Yang Diddams, Scott A. Campbell, Joe C. TI Broadband Noise Limit in the Photodetection of Ultralow Jitter Optical Pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOT-NOISE; SYNCHRONIZATION; PHOTODIODES; STABILITY; TRAINS; CLOCK AB Applications with optical atomic clocks and precision timing often require the transfer of optical frequency references to the electrical domain with extremely high fidelity. Here we examine the impact of photocarrier scattering and distributed absorption on the photocurrent noise of high-speed photodiodes when detecting ultralow jitter optical pulses. Despite its small contribution to the total photocurrent, this excess noise can determine the phase noise and timing jitter of microwave signals generated by detecting ultrashort optical pulses. A Monte Carlo simulation of the photodetection process is used to quantitatively estimate the excess noise. Simulated phase noise on the 10 GHz harmonic of a photodetected pulse train shows good agreement with previous experimental data, leading to the conclusion that the lowest phase noise photonically generated microwave signals are limited by photocarrier scattering well above the quantum limit of the optical pulse train. C1 [Sun, Wenlu; Fu, Yang; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara M.; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, WL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM ws8zp@virginia.edu; fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA PULSE program FX We thank W. Loh and R. Mirin for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by NIST and the DARPA PULSE program. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 20 AR 203901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.203901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CB5JT UT WOS:000349664000008 PM 25432042 ER PT J AU Place, BJ Morris, MJ Phillips, MM Sander, LC Rimmer, CA AF Place, Benjamin J. Morris, Mallory J. Phillips, Melissa M. Sander, Lane C. Rimmer, Catherine A. TI Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Peak integration ID MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; X GC; QUANTIFICATION; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AB Comprehensive, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC x LC) is a powerful technique for the separation of complex mixtures. Most studies using LC x LC are focused on qualitative efforts, such as increasing peak capacity. The present study examined the use of LC x LC-UV/vis for the separation and quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). More specifically, this study evaluated the impact of different peak integration approaches on the quantitative performance of the LC x LC method. For well-resolved three-dimensional peaks, parameters such as baseline definition, peak base shape, and peak width determination did not have a significant impact on accuracy and precision. For less-resolved peaks, a dropped baseline and the summation of all slices in the peak improved the accuracy and precision of the integration methods. The computational approaches to three-dimensional peak integration are provided, including fully descriptive, select slice, and summed heights integration methods, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Overall, the integration methods presented quantify each of the PAHs within acceptable precision and accuracy ranges and have comparable performance to that of single dimension liquid chromatography. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Place, Benjamin J.; Morris, Mallory J.; Phillips, Melissa M.; Sander, Lane C.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Place, BJ (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.place@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 14 PY 2014 VL 1368 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AS7LL UT WOS:000344437500012 PM 25441346 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV Safronova, UI Porsev, SG Kozlov, MG AF Safronova, M. S. Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. Safronova, U. I. Porsev, S. G. Kozlov, M. G. TI Atomic properties of Cd-like and Sn-like ions for the development of frequency standards and search for the variation of the fine-structure constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM; CLOCKS AB A high-precision relativistic calculation of Cd-like Nd12+, Sm14+ and Sn-like Pr9+, Nd10+ atomic properties is carried out using an approach that combines configuration interaction and a linearized coupled-cluster method. These ions have long-lived metastable states with transitions accessible by laser excitations, relatively simple electronic structure, high sensitivity to alpha variation, and stable isotopes. Breit and QED corrections were included into the calculations. Energies, transition wavelengths, electric- and magnetic-multipole reduced matrix elements, lifetimes, and sensitivity coefficients q and K to the variation of the fine-structure constant alpha were obtained. A detailed study of uncertainties was performed. Energies for similar Cd-like Ba8+, La9+, Ce10+, Pr11+ and Sn-like Ba6+ ions were calculated and compared with experiment for further tests of the accuracy. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89503 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship, UNSW; USA NSF [PHY-1212442]; RFBR [14-02-00241]; Australian Research Council FX We thank C.W. Clark, C. Monroe, J. Tan, Yu. Ralchenko, J.R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, and P. Beiersdorfer for useful discussions. M.S.S. thanks School of Physics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from Gordon Godfrey Fellowship, UNSW. This work was supported in part by USA NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. M.G.K. acknowledges support from RFBR Grant No. 14-02-00241. The work was partly supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.052509 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CA2WQ UT WOS:000348766800006 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Guschin, AG AF Orkin, Vladimir L. Khamaganov, Victor G. Guschin, Andrey G. TI Photochemical Properties of Hydrofluoroethers CH3OCHF2, CH3OCF3, and CHF2OCH2CF3: Reactivity toward OH, IR Absorption Cross Sections, Atmospheric Lifetimes, and Global Warming Potentials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY FLUORINATED ETHERS; RATE CONSTANTS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CL ATOMS; CHEMISTRY; SERIES AB Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with three partially fluorinated ethers, CH3OCF3 (k(HFE-143a)), CH3OCHF2 (k(HFE-152a)), and CHF2OCH2CF3 (k(HFE-245fa2)), were measured using a discharge flow-electron paramagnetic resonance technique over the temperature range 298-460 K. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions: k(HFE-143a)(T) = (1.10 +/- 0.20) x 10(-12) x exp{-(1324 +/- 61)/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(HFE-152a)(T) = (11.6 +/- 4.2) x 10(-12) x exp{-(1728 +/- 133)/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); and k(HFE-245fa2)(T) = (3.04 +/- 0.57) x 10(-12) x exp{-(1665 +/- 66)/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH were estimated to be 5.2, 1.9, and 5.6 years, respectively. The IR absorption cross sections of these fluorinated ethers were measured between 400 and 2000 cm(-1), and their global warming potentials were estimated. C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Khamaganov, Victor G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Khamaganov, Victor G.; Guschin, Andrey G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 117829, Russia. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov FU Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Russian Basic Research Foundation [93-03-112358]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [86X-SL103]; NATO CLG Program [ESP.EAP.CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421] FX This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Russian Basic Research Foundation, Grant 93-03-112358, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Subcontract 86X-SL103 V.L.O. acknowledges the support of the NATO CLG Program, Grant ESP.EAP.CLG.983035 and Grant EST.CLG979421. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 13 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 45 BP 10770 EP 10777 DI 10.1021/jp506377w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AT5IK UT WOS:000344976900053 PM 25242348 ER PT J AU Goian, V Kamba, S Orloff, N Birol, T Lee, CH Nuzhnyy, D Booth, JC Bernhagen, M Uecker, R Schlom, DG AF Goian, Veronica Kamba, Stanislav Orloff, Nathan Birol, Turan Lee, Che Hui Nuzhnyy, Dmitry Booth, James C. Bernhagen, Margitta Uecker, Reinhard Schlom, Darrell G. TI Influence of the central mode and soft phonon on the microwave dielectric loss near the strain-induced ferroelectric phase transitions in Srn+1TinO3n+1 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NETWORK-ANALYZER CALIBRATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THIN-FILMS; SRTIO3; DEPENDENCE; VIBRATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Recently, Lee et al. [Nature (London) 502, 532 (2013)] used similar to 1% tensile strain to induce a ferroelectric instability in thin films of Srn+1TinO3n+1 (n = 1 - 6) phases. They showed that the Curie temperature T-C gradually increased with n, reaching 180 K for Sr7Ti6O19 (n = 6). The permittivity of this (n = 6) sample could also be tuned significantly by the application of an electric field with exceptionally low dielectric loss at 300 K, rivaling all known tunable microwave dielectrics. Here, we present microwave (MW), terahertz, and infrared spectra of strained Srn+1TinO3n+1 thin films deposited on (110) DyScO3. Near the ferroelectric phase transitions, we observe the splitting and shifting of phonon and central mode frequencies, demonstrating the change of crystal symmetry below T-C. Moreover, our spectra reveal that the central mode contribution dominates MW loss. In the Sr7Ti6O19 thin film, the central mode vanishes at 300 K, explaining its low MW loss. Finally, we discuss the origin and general conditions for the appearance of central modes near ferroelectric phase transitions. C1 [Goian, Veronica; Kamba, Stanislav; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Orloff, Nathan] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Birol, Turan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, Che Hui; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bernhagen, Margitta; Uecker, Reinhard] Leibniz Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Schlom, Darrell G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kamba, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM kamba@fzu.cz RI Goian, Veronica/G-6154-2014; Birol, Turan/D-1948-2012; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry/G-6661-2014 OI Goian, Veronica/0000-0002-7971-2224; Birol, Turan/0000-0001-5174-3320; FU Czech Science Foundation [P204/12/1163]; Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [LH13048]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-12-1-0437] FX This paper was supported by the Czech Science Foundation Project No. P204/12/1163 and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Project No. LH13048. The work at Cornell was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0437. The MW measurements are an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); not subject to copyright in the United States. Description of commercial products herein is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 12 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 17 AR 174105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.174105 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CA2YT UT WOS:000348773000001 ER PT J AU Jones, ST Taylor, RW Esteban, R Abo-Hamed, EK Bomans, PHH Sommerdijk, NAJM Aizpurua, J Baumberg, JJ Scherman, OA AF Jones, Samuel T. Taylor, Richard W. Esteban, Ruben Abo-Hamed, Enass K. Bomans, Paul H. H. Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. Aizpurua, Javier Baumberg, Jeremy J. Scherman, Oren A. TI Gold Nanorods with Sub-Nanometer Separation using Cucurbit[n]uril for SERS Applications SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMERIZATION; DIMERS; PLASMONICS; COPOLYMERS; BIOSENSOR C1 [Jones, Samuel T.; Abo-Hamed, Enass K.; Scherman, Oren A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Melville Lab Polymer Synth, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Taylor, Richard W.; Baumberg, Jeremy J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Nanophoton Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] Mat Phys Ctr CSIC UPV EHU, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bomans, Paul H. H.; Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Mat & Interface Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Bomans, Paul H. H.; Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Soft Matter CryoTEM Res Unit, Dept Chem Engn & Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Bomans, Paul H. H.; Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Inst Complex Mol Syst, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Scherman, OA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Melville Lab Polymer Synth, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. EM oas23@cam.ac.uk RI Esteban, Ruben/B-9669-2014; Sommerdijk, Nico/B-7239-2013; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 OI Sommerdijk, Nico/0000-0002-8956-195X; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; FU EPSRC [EP/K028510/1, EP/G060649/1, EP/H007024/1, EP/L027151/1]; ERC (ASPiRe) [240629]; ERC (LINASS) [320503] FX The authors would like to acknowledge H. Friedrich and M. R. P. Spapens for the reconstruction and analysis of the cryo-electron tomograms and to the EPSRC for funding (EP/K028510/1, EP/G060649/1, EP/H007024/1, EP/L027151/1), to the ERC for a Starting Investigator Grant (ASPiRe, 240629) and an Advanced Grant (LINASS, 320503) and to the RS (IE120879). NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 118 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD NOV 12 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 21 BP 4298 EP 4303 DI 10.1002/smll.201401063 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT4IT UT WOS:000344903500011 PM 25070698 ER PT J AU Chung, YG Camp, J Haranczyk, M Sikora, BJ Bury, W Krungleviciute, V Yildirim, T Farha, OK Sholl, DS Snurr, RQ AF Chung, Yongchul G. Camp, Jeffrey Haranczyk, Maciej Sikora, Benjamin J. Bury, Wojciech Krungleviciute, Vaiva Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. Sholl, David S. Snurr, Randall Q. TI Computation-Ready, Experimental Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Tool To Enable High-Throughput Screening of Nanoporous Crystals SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACE-AREAS; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; ZEOLITES; GEOMETRY; SERIES; LIMITS; MOFS AB Experimentally refined crystal structures for metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) often include solvent molecules and partially occupied or disordered atoms. This creates a major impediment to applying high-throughput computational screening to MOFs. To address this problem, we have constructed a database of MOF structures that are derived from experimental data but are immediately suitable for molecular simulations. The computation-ready, experimental (CoRE) MOF database contains over 4700 porous structures with publically available atomic coordinates. Important physical and chemical properties including the surface area and pore dimensions are reported for these structures. To demonstrate the utility of the database, we performed grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of methane adsorption on all structures in the CoRE MOF database. We investigated the structural properties of the CoRE MOFs that govern methane storage capacity and found that these relationships agree well with those derived recently from a large database of hypothetical MOFs. C1 [Chung, Yongchul G.; Sikora, Benjamin J.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bury, Wojciech; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Camp, Jeffrey; Sholl, David S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Haranczyk, Maciej] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bury, Wojciech] Warsaw Univ Technol, Dept Chem, PL-00664 Warsaw, Poland. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Chung, Yongchul/G-7017-2015; Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014; Faculty of, Sciences, KAU/E-7305-2017 OI Chung, Yongchul/0000-0002-7756-0589; Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; office of the Provost; Office for Research; Northwestern University Information Technology FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Award DE-FG02-12ER16362. This research was supported in part through the computational resources and staff contributions provided for the Quest high-performance computing facility at Northwestern University, which is jointly supported by the office of the Provost, the Office for Research, and Northwestern University Information Technology. We thank Dr. Diego A. Gomez-Gualdron and Dr. Christopher E. Wilmer for providing methane GCMC data for the hypothetical MOFs. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 19 U2 98 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 11 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 21 BP 6185 EP 6192 DI 10.1021/cm502594j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AT4JL UT WOS:000344905600015 ER PT J AU Shen, SJ Wang, G Jin, SF Huang, QZ Ying, TP Li, DD Lai, XF Zhou, TT Zhang, H Lin, ZP Wu, XZ Chen, XL AF Shen, Shijie Wang, Gang Jin, Shifeng Huang, Qingzhen Ying, Tianping Li, Dandan Lai, Xiaofang Zhou, Tingting Zhang, Han Lin, Zhiping Wu, Xiaozhi Chen, Xiaolong TI Tunable Cobalt Vacancies and Related Properties in LaCoxAs2 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; PHOSPHIDES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CECU2SI2 AB The origin of transition metal vacancies and their effects on the properties of ThCr2Si2-type compounds have been less studied and poorly understood. Here we carefully investigate the structure, physical properties, and electronic structure for a series of lanthanum cobalt arsenides with nominal composition of LaCoxAs2 (1.6 = x = 2.1). It is revealed that the occupancy of Co can be tuned between 1.98(1) and 1.61(1). The structural analyses based on X-ray and neutron diffractions show the existence of Co vacancies results from charge balance due to the formation of bond between AsAs. These Co vacancies affect the magnetic and electrical properties greatly, adjusting the Curie temperature from 205 to 47 K and increasing the resistivity by more than 100%. First-principles calculations indicate that the Co vacancies weaken the spin polarization and reduce the density of states at the Fermi level, resulting in decreased Curie temperature and increased resistivity, respectively. Our results address the importance of transition metal vacancies in ThCr2Si2-type materials and offer a reliable route to tune the magnetism of ThCr2Si2-type structure. C1 [Shen, Shijie; Wang, Gang; Jin, Shifeng; Ying, Tianping; Li, Dandan; Lai, Xiaofang; Zhou, Tingting; Zhang, Han; Lin, Zhiping; Wu, Xiaozhi; Chen, Xiaolong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Res & Dev Ctr Funct Crystals, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Xiaolong] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Res & Dev Ctr Funct Crystals, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM gangwang@iphy.ac.cn; chenx29@iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Gang/F-1858-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51322211, 90922037]; Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB07020100]; Beijing Nova Program [2011096]; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong FX S.J.S. thanks Dr. J. Yan from Beihang University for helpful discussions about the neutron diffraction and Q. H. Zhang and X. Chen for assistance in the EDX measurements. This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51322211 and 90922037), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07020100), Beijing Nova Program (Grant No. 2011096) and K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 11 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 21 BP 6221 EP 6225 DI 10.1021/cm5029639 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AT4JL UT WOS:000344905600019 ER PT J AU Machacek, JR Mahapatra, DP Schultz, DR Ralchenko, Y Chutjian, A Simcic, J Mawhorter, RJ AF Machacek, J. R. Mahapatra, D. P. Schultz, D. R. Ralchenko, Yu. Chutjian, A. Simcic, J. Mawhorter, R. J. TI Measurement and calculation of absolute single- and double-charge-exchange cross sections for O6+ ions at 1.17 and 2.33 keV/u impacting He and H-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE COLLISIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; LOW-ENERGY COLLISIONS; FULLY STRIPPED IONS; SOLAR-WIND; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SLOW COLLISIONS; KEV AMU-1; O-6+ AB Absolute single-and double-charge-exchange cross sections for the astrophysically prominent O6+ ion with the atomic and molecular targets He and H-2 are reported. These collisions give rise to x-ray emissions in the interplanetary medium, planetary atmospheres, and comets as they approach the sun. Measurements have been carried out using the Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory electron cyclotron resonance ion source with O6+ at energies of 1.17 and 2.33 keV/u characteristic of the slow and fast components of the solar wind. Absolute charge-exchange (CE) data are derived from knowledge of the target gas pressure, target path length, incident ion current, and charge-exchanged ion currents. These data are compared with results obtained using the n-electron classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. The radiative and Auger evolution of ion populations following one- and two-electron transfers is calculated with the time-dependent collisional-radiative code NOMAD using atomic data from the flexible atomic code. Calculated CE emission spectra for 100 angstrom < lambda < 1400 angstrom are reported as well and compared with experimental sublevel spectra and cross sections. C1 [Machacek, J. R.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Chutjian, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Atom & Mol Phys Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schultz, D. R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simcic, J.] CALTECH, Planetary Surface Instruments Grp, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mawhorter, R. J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Machacek, JR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Atom & Mol Phys Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Machacek, Joshua/A-5316-2011 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; FU NASA through the NASA Senior Research Associate Program; NASA; California Institute of Technology FX D.P.M. gratefully acknowledges support from NASA through the NASA Senior Research Associate Program managed by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities and Y.R. gratefully acknowledges partial support from NASA. The experimental work was carried out at the JPL, Caltech and was supported by NASA through an agreement with the California Institute of Technology. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052708 DI 10.1103/PhysRecA.90.052708 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AT4MW UT WOS:000344914400015 ER PT J AU Vinson, J Jach, T Elam, WT Denlinger, JD AF Vinson, John Jach, Terrence Elam, W. T. Denlinger, J. D. TI Origins of extreme broadening mechanisms in near-edge x-ray spectra of nitrogen compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; ABSORPTION AB We demonstrate the observation of many-body lifetime effects in valence-band x-ray emission. A comparison of the N K alpha emission of crystalline ammonium nitrate to molecular-orbital calculations revealed an unexpected, extreme broadening of the NO sigma recombination-so extensively as to virtually disappear. GW calculations establish that this disappearance is due to a large imaginary component of the self-energy associated with the NO s orbitals. Building upon density-functional theory, we have calculated radiative transitions from the nitrogen 1s level of ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride using a Bethe-Salpeter method to include electron-hole interactions. The absorption and emission spectra of both crystals evince large, orbital-dependent sensitivity to molecular dynamics. We demonstrate that many-body effects as well as thermal and zero-point motion are vital for understanding observed spectra. A computational approach using average atomic positions and uniform broadening to account for lifetime and phonon effects is unsatisfactory. C1 [Vinson, John; Jach, Terrence] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elam, W. T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Denlinger, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vinson, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0843]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-05-1-0843 (W.T.E.). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to thank Dr. Eric Shirley for helpful discussions. Certain software packages are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 20 AR 205207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.205207 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AT4NK UT WOS:000344915800008 ER PT J AU Meiyappan, P Dalton, M O'Neill, BC Jain, AK AF Meiyappan, Prasanth Dalton, Michael O'Neill, Brian C. Jain, Atul K. TI Spatial modeling of agricultural land use change at global scale SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Prediction; Drivers; Integrated Assessment; Spatially explicit; Validation; Land change ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER CHANGE; EARTH SYSTEM; CARBON EMISSIONS; USE INTENSITY; HYDE 3.1; EXPLICIT; INTENSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; SCENARIOS AB Long-term modeling of agricultural land use is central in global scale assessments of climate change, food security, biodiversity, and climate adaptation and mitigation policies. We present a global-scale dynamic land use allocation model and show that it can reproduce the broad spatial features of the past 100 years of evolution of cropland and pastureland patterns. The modeling approach integrates economic theory, observed land use history, and data on both socioeconomic and biophysical determinants of land use change, and estimates relationships using long-term historical data, thereby making it suitable for long-term projections. The underlying economic motivation is maximization of expected profits by hypothesized landowners within each grid cell. The model predicts fractional land use for cropland and pastureland within each grid cell based on socioeconomic and biophysical driving factors that change with time. The model explicitly incorporates the following key features: (1) land use competition, (2) spatial heterogeneity in the nature of driving factors across geographic regions, (3) spatial heterogeneity in the relative importance of driving factors and previous land use patterns in determining land use allocation, and (4) spatial and temporal autocorrelation in land use patterns. We show that land use allocation approaches based solely on previous land use history (but disregarding the impact of driving factors), or those accounting for both land use history and driving factors by mechanistically fitting models for the spatial processes of land use change do not reproduce well long-term historical land use patterns. With an example application to the terrestrial carbon cycle, we show that such inaccuracies in land use allocation can translate into significant implications for global environmental assessments. The modeling approach and its evaluation provide an example that can be useful to the land use, Integrated Assessment, and the Earth system modeling communities. 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. C1 [Meiyappan, Prasanth; Jain, Atul K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [O'Neill, Brian C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Meiyappan, P (reprint author), 105 South Gregory St,Atmospher Sci Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM meiyapp2@illinois.edu; jain1@illinois.edu RI O'Neill, Brian/E-6531-2013; Meiyappan, Prasanth/F-5422-2012; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program; National Science Foundation (NSF) Regional Earth System modeling program FX The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Land Cover and Land Use Change Program and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Regional Earth System modeling program supported this work. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 111 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 291 BP 152 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.027 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR2AU UT WOS:000343386500014 ER PT J AU Harrop, J Vecchione, M Felley, JD AF Harrop, Jessica Vecchione, Michael Felley, James D. TI In situ observations on behaviour of the ommastrephid squid genus Illex (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the northwestern Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Ommastrephidae; ethogram; squid; depth distribution; behaviour ID BODY PATTERNING BEHAVIOR; ETHOGRAM; ILLECEBROSUS; HISTORY; SEA AB We compiled observations of ommastrephid squid of the genus Illex, primarily Illex illecebrosus from archived submarine video footage recorded during dives off Cape Hatteras and New England, and in the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the behaviour observed, we derived a partial in situ ethogram, or catalogue of the body patterns and behaviour. In total, 36 components were observed: 16 chromatic components (5 light and 11 dark), 10 postural components and 10 locomotor components. Co-occurrence analyses were used to show that specific sets of components occurred together either more or less often than they would if chosen at random. In addition, some of the components were observed occurring during specific behaviours, such as bottom sitting, hunting, or schooling. Such observations by submersibles also provide very precise, although incomplete, records of depth distribution. We summarize the depths and altitudes above bottom of these observations by time of day. Most of the squid were observed near bottom at depths of about 200-900m. The deepest depths observed were during daytime and the shallowest during the evening. However, individuals were observed as much as 1000m above the bottom during daytime whereas others were on or near the bottom in deep water during the evening. C1 [Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Felley, James D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD NOV 10 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 41-42 BP 2501 EP 2516 DI 10.1080/00222933.2014.937367 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ5FO UT WOS:000342832200002 ER PT J AU Hazzard, KRA Gadway, B Foss-Feig, M Yan, B Moses, SA Covey, JP Yao, NY Lukin, MD Ye, J Jin, DS Rey, AM AF Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Gadway, Bryce Foss-Feig, Michael Yan, Bo Moses, Steven A. Covey, Jacob P. Yao, Norman Y. Lukin, Mikhail D. Ye, Jun Jin, Deborah S. Rey, Ana Maria TI Many-Body Dynamics of Dipolar Molecules in an Optical Lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; SYSTEM AB We use Ramsey spectroscopy to experimentally probe the quantum dynamics of disordered dipolar-interacting ultracold molecules in a partially filled optical lattice, and we compare the results to theory. We report the capability to control the dipolar interaction strength. We find excellent agreement between our measurements of the spin dynamics and theoretical calculations with no fitting parameters, including the dynamics' dependence on molecule number and on the dipolar interaction strength. This agreement verifies the microscopic model expected to govern the dynamics of dipolar molecules, even in this strongly correlated beyond-mean-field regime, and represents the first step towards using this system to explore many-body dynamics in regimes that are inaccessible to current theoretical techniques. C1 [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Gadway, Bryce; Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Covey, Jacob P.; Ye, Jun; Jin, Deborah S.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Gadway, Bryce; Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Covey, Jacob P.; Ye, Jun; Jin, Deborah S.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yao, Norman Y.; Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kaden.hazzard@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012 OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554 FU JILA-NSF-PFC [1125844]; NSF-PIF; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; NDSEG; National Research Council; KITP FX We thank Bihui Zhu, Salvatore Manmana, Tilman Pfau, John Bollinger, Joe Britton, Brian Sawyer, Johannes Schachenmayer, Jake Taylor, and Alexey Gorshkov for discussions. The authors acknowledge funding from JILA-NSF-PFC 1125844, NSF-PIF, ARO, ARO-DARPA-OLE, and AFOSR. S. A. M. and J. P. C. acknowledge funding from NDSEG. K. R. A. H., B. G., and M. F.- F. thank the National Research Council for support. K. R. A. H. and A. M. R. acknowledge the KITP. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 19 AR 195302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.195302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AU1CG UT WOS:000345358100010 PM 25415911 ER PT J AU Collister, R Gwinner, G Tandecki, M Behr, JA Pearson, MR Zhang, J Orozco, LA Aubin, S Gomez, E AF Collister, R. Gwinner, G. Tandecki, M. Behr, J. A. Pearson, M. R. Zhang, J. Orozco, L. A. Aubin, S. Gomez, E. CA FrPNC Collaboration TI Isotope shifts in francium isotopes Fr206-213 and Fr-221 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES; TRAPPED FRANCIUM; ATOMS AB We present the isotope shifts of the 7s(1/2) to 7p(1/2) transition for francium isotopes Fr206-213 with reference to Fr-221 collected from two experimental periods. The shifts are measured on a sample of atoms prepared within a magneto-optical trap by a fast sweep of radio-frequency sidebands applied to a carrier laser. King plot analysis, which includes literature values for 7s(1/2) to 7p(3/2) isotope shifts, provides a field shift constant ratio of 1.0520(10) and a difference between the specific mass shift constants of 170(100) GHz amu between the D-1 and D-2 transitions, of sufficient precision to differentiate between ab initio calculations. C1 [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Tandecki, M.; Behr, J. A.; Pearson, M. R.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, JQI, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23186 USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. RP Collister, R (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. FU NRC from Canada; TRIUMF from Canada; NSERC from Canada; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. NSF; CONACYT from Mexico; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank the ISAC staff at TRIUMF for developing the Fr beam. This work is supported by NRC, TRIUMF, and NSERC from Canada, U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. NSF, and CONACYT from Mexico. R. C. acknowledges financial support from a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 052502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.052502 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AT9JH UT WOS:000345243400004 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Tiesinga, E Liu, XJ Hu, H Pu, H AF Jiang, Lei Tiesinga, Eite Liu, Xia-Ji Hu, Hui Pu, Han TI Spin-orbit-coupled topological Fulde-Ferrell states of fermions in a harmonic trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MAJORANA FERMIONS; GAS AB Motivated by recent experimental breakthroughs in generating spin-orbit coupling in ultracold Fermi gases using Raman laser beams, we present a systematic study of spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases confined in a quasi-one-dimensional trap in the presence of an in-plane Zeeman field (which can be realized using a finite two-photon Raman detuning). We find that a topological Fulde-Ferrell state will emerge, featuring finite-momentum Cooper pairing and zero-energy Majorana excitations localized near the edge of the trap based on the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. We find analytically the wave functions of the Majorana modes. Finally, using the time-dependent BdG, we show how the finite-momentum pairing field manifests itself in the expansion dynamics of the atomic cloud. C1 [Jiang, Lei; Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiang, Lei; Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Xia-Ji; Hu, Hui] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Atom Opt & Ultrafast Spect, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia. [Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Pu, Han] Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Jiang, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI HU, Hui/C-6878-2009; Liu, Xia-Ji/C-6888-2009; Pu, Han/F-2318-2011 OI HU, Hui/0000-0002-1541-1756; Liu, Xia-Ji/0000-0003-4158-5474; Pu, Han/0000-0002-0018-3076 FU US Army Research Office [60661PH]; ARC Discovery Projects [DP140100637, FT 130100815, DP140103231]; NSF; Welch Foundation [C-1669] FX L.J. and E. T. acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under Contract No. 60661PH. X.J.L. and H. H. are supported by the ARC Discovery Projects (DP140100637, FT 130100815, and DP140103231). H. P. is supported by the NSF and the Welch Foundation (Grant No. C-1669). We would like to thank Leslie Baksmaty for useful discussions. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053606 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AT9JH UT WOS:000345243400008 ER PT J AU Bui, TQ Long, DA Cygan, A Sironneau, VT Hogan, DW Rupasinghe, PM Ciurylo, R Lisak, D Okumura, M AF Bui, Thinh Q. Long, David A. Cygan, Agata Sironneau, Vincent T. Hogan, Daniel W. Rupasinghe, Priyanka M. Ciurylo, Roman Lisak, Daniel Okumura, Mitchio TI Observations of Dicke narrowing and speed dependence in air-broadened CO2 lineshapes near 2.06 mu m SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED MULTISPECTRUM ANALYSIS; PRESSURE SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTRAL-LINES; ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; CHANGING COLLISIONS; VOIGT PROFILES; HALF-WIDTH; CM(-1); SHAPES AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy was used to study CO2 lineshapes in the (20013) <- (00001) band centered near 2.06 mu m. Two rovibrational transitions were chosen for this study to measure non-Voigt collisional effects for air-broadened lines over the pressure range of 7 kPa-28 kPa. Lineshape analysis for both lines revealed evidence of simultaneous Dicke (collisional) narrowing and speed-dependent effects that would introduce biases exceeding 2% in the retrieved air-broadening parameters if not incorporated in the modeling of CO2 lineshapes. Additionally, correlations between velocity-and phase/state changing collisions greatly reduced the observed Dicke narrowing effect. As a result, it was concluded that the most appropriate line profile for modeling CO2 lineshapes near 2.06 mu m was the correlated speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak profile, which includes all of the physical effects mentioned above and leads to a consistent set of line shape parameters that are linear with gas pressure. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bui, Thinh Q.; Hogan, Daniel W.; Rupasinghe, Priyanka M.; Okumura, Mitchio] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Long, David A.; Sironneau, Vincent T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cygan, Agata; Ciurylo, Roman; Lisak, Daniel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Bui, TQ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM tbui@caltech.edu; david.long@nist.gov; agata@fizyka.umk.pl; mo@caltech.edu RI Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137; Bui, Thinh/0000-0001-6090-0930 FU Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the NASA [NAS7-03001]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship; NASA Mars Fundamental Research Grant [NNX12AI01G]; Jack and Edith Roberts Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship; NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional Development Fund; National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491, UMO-2013/11/D/ST2/02663]; national laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland; Foundation for Polish Science START Project FX This work was supported by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the NASA grant NAS7-03001. T. Q. B. was supported by a NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship and the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Grant NNX12AI01G. D. W. H. was supported by the Jack and Edith Roberts Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. Support for D. A. L. and V. T. S. was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. A. C., D. L., and R. C. were partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund, the National Science Centre, Project Nos. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491 and UMO-2013/11/D/ST2/02663, and is part of the program of the national laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. A. C. was further supported by the Foundation for Polish Science START Project. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 17 AR 174301 DI 10.1063/1.4900502 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AT2RL UT WOS:000344782200016 PM 25381508 ER PT J AU Ray, A Mukundan, A Xie, ZX Karamchand, L Wang, XD Kopelman, R AF Ray, Aniruddha Mukundan, Ananya Xie, Zhixing Karamchand, Leshern Wang, Xueding Kopelman, Raoul TI Highly stable polymer coated nano-clustered silver plates: a multimodal optical contrast agent for biomedical imaging SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer nanoparticles; silver nanoplates; metal nanocluster; fluorescence imaging; photoacoustic imaging ID METAL-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; BRAIN-TUMOR DELINEATION; NANOPARTICLE CLUSTERS; PLASMONIC NANOCLUSTERS; SUBCELLULAR PH; HOT-SPOTS; CELLS; MOLECULES; BLUE AB Here, we present a new optical contrast agent based on silver nanoplate clusters embedded inside of a polymer nano matrix. Unlike nanosphere clusters, which have been well studied, nanoplate clusters have unique properties due to the different possible orientations of interaction between the individual plates, resulting in a significant broadening of the absorption spectra. These nanoclusters were immobilized inside of a polymer cladding so as to maintain their stability and optical properties under in vivo conditions. The polymer-coated silver nanoplate clusters show a lower toxicity compared to the uncoated nanoparticles. At high nanoparticle concentrations, cell death occurs mostly due to apoptosis. These nanoparticles were used for targeted fluorescence imaging in a rat glioma cell line by incorporating a fluorescent dye into the matrix, followed by conjugation of a tumor targeting an F3 peptide. We further used these nanoparticles as photoacoustic contrast agents in vivo to enhance the contrast of the vasculature structures in a rat ear model. We observed a contrast enhancement of over 90% following the nanoparticle injection. It is also shown that these NPs can serve as efficient contrast agents, with specific targeting abilities for broadband multimodal imaging that are usable for diagnostic applications and that extend into use as therapeutic agents as well. C1 [Ray, Aniruddha; Mukundan, Ananya; Karamchand, Leshern; Kopelman, Raoul] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem & BioPhys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xie, Zhixing; Wang, Xueding] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ray, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kopelman@umich.edu FU NIH [R01AR060350, R01CA186769] FX This work was supported by NIH grant nos. R01AR060350 (XW) and R01CA186769 (RK). The authors also acknowledge Mr Teppei Shirakura for his help with the ICP measurement, Dr Chao Tian for his help with the photoacoustic imaging and Dr Taeyuana Curry for her help with the TEM imaging. The authors also thank the chemistry department instrument facility and the Microscopy & Image Analysis Laboratory (MIL) at the University of Michigan. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 77 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV 7 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 44 AR 445104 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445104 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS3ET UT WOS:000344160000004 PM 25325364 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Glover, JL Minniti, R AF Hudson, Lawrence T. Glover, Jack L. Minniti, Ronaldo TI The Metrology of a Rastered Spot of X Rays used in Security Screening SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advanced imaging technology; air kerma; air kerma rate; backscatter; dosimetry; ionization chamber; rastered beam; security screening; swept beam; x rays AB In recent times, ionizing radiation has been used around the world to screen persons for non-medical purposes, namely to detect bulk explosives or other contraband hidden on the body including materials not registered by metal detectors. In contrast to conventional transmission or projection imaging, backscatter and forward-scatter systems employ a "flying spot" of x rays and large-area detectors. A small spot is rastered across an individual and the Compton scatter signal collected by these detectors is quickly integrated and assigned to a pixel value in an image corresponding to the transient location of the small flying spot. These systems have been controversial due in part to possible radiation health risks, and lack of independent and accurate measurements of radiation exposures to the subjects, bystanders, and operators of such systems. In this paper we will outline the techniques and instrumentation used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to accurately determine the incident air kerma from a swept beam of x rays. We discuss in detail the response of a large-area free-air ionization chamber under the unusual temporal and spatial radiation fields delivered by commercial scanning systems and report typical values for air kerma levels as well as estimates of air kerma rates. C1 [Hudson, Lawrence T.; Glover, Jack L.; Minniti, Ronaldo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov; jack.glover@nist.gov; ronnie.minniti@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQPM-13-X-00049]; Transportation Security Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-11-X-00585] FX This work was funded by the Science and Technology Directorate and the Transportation Security Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security under awards # HSHQPM-13-X-00049 and HSHQDC-11-X-00585, respectively. We want to thank Mrs. Michelle O'Brien for her help in setting up the NIST reference x-ray beams that were used as part of this work. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 540 EP 553 DI 10.6028/jres.119.021 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MW UT WOS:000350403700001 PM 26601043 ER PT J AU Seltzer, SM O'Brien, M Mitch, MG AF Seltzer, Stephen M. O'Brien, Michelle Mitch, Michael G. TI New National Air-Kerma Standard for Low-Energy Electronic Brachytherapy Sources SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air kerma; electronic brachytherapy sources; free-air ionization chamber; primary standard; spectrometry; x rays ID PHOTON MASS ATTENUATION; X-RAY SOURCE; ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; DOSIMETRY; DIAPHRAGM; RADIATION; RANGE; SEEDS; WATER AB The new primary standard for low-energy electronic brachytherapy sources for the United States is described. These miniature x-ray tubes are inserted in catheters for interstitial radiation therapy and operate at tube potentials of up to about 50 kV. The standard is based on the realization of the air kerma produced by the x-ray beam at a reference distance in air of 50 cm. C1 [Seltzer, Stephen M.; O'Brien, Michelle; Mitch, Michael G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seltzer, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM s.seltzer@nist.gov; michelle.obrien@nist.gov; michael.mitch@nist.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 554 EP 574 DI 10.6028/jres.119.022 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MW UT WOS:000350403700002 PM 26601044 ER PT J AU Tong, MS Song, J Chu, W Thompson, RM AF Tong, Mingsi Song, John Chu, Wei Thompson, Robert M. TI Fired Cartridge Case Identification Using Optical Images and the Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) Method SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ballistics identification; cartridge case; Congruent Matching Cells (CMC); correlation cells; image processing AB The Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) method for ballistics identification was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CMC method is based on the correlation of pairs of small correlation cells instead of the correlation of entire images. Four identification parameters -T-CCF, T-theta, T-x and T-y are proposed for identifying correlated cell pairs originating from the same firearm. The correlation conclusion (matching or non-matching) is determined by whether the number of CMC is >= 6. This method has been previously validated using a set of 780 pair-wise 3D topography images. However, most ballistic images stored in current local and national databases are in an optical intensity (grayscale) format. As a result, the reliability of applying the CMC method on optical intensity images is an important issue. In this paper, optical intensity images of breech face impressions captured on the same set of 40 cartridge cases are correlated and analyzed for the validation test of CMC method using optical images. This includes correlations of 63 pairs of matching images and 717 pairs of non-matching images under top ring lighting. Tests of the method do not produce any false identification (false positive) or false exclusion (false negative) results, which support the CMC method and the proposed identification criterion, C = 6, for firearm breech face identifications using optical intensity images. C1 [Tong, Mingsi] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mechatron Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Tong, Mingsi; Song, John; Chu, Wei; Thompson, Robert M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Wei] X Wave Innovat Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Tong, MS (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mechatron Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM mingsi.tong@nist.gov; jun-feng.song@nist.gov; wei.chu@nist.gov; robert.m.thompson@nist.gov FU NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project [FMC2012] FX The funding for this work is provided by NIST's Forensic Measurement Challenge Project (FMC2012). NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.6028/jres.119.023 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MW UT WOS:000350403700003 PM 26601045 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Novick, AN Zhang, VS AF Lombardi, Michael A. Novick, Andrew N. Zhang, Victor S. TI A Low-Cost Time Transfer Receiver for Contributions to Coordinated Universal Time SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); Global Positioning System (GPS); International Atomic Time (TAI); time transfer AB This paper describes a low-cost time transfer receiver that allows timing laboratories, including national metrology institutes and other designated institutions, to contribute data to the computation of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The time transfer receiver compares a laboratory's local realization of UTC, to signals broadcast by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. It stores the measurement results in a format compatible with international standards, and sends data via the Internet to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) for inclusion in the UTC computation. In addition to being inexpensive, the receiver was designed to be easy to use, allowing recently established timing laboratories to begin contributing to UTC with a minimal investment in training. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Novick, Andrew N.; Zhang, Victor S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.lombardi@nist.gov; andrew.novick@nist.gov; victor.zhang@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 583 EP 601 DI 10.6028/jres.119.024 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MW UT WOS:000350403700004 PM 26601046 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Aretxabaleta, A AF Lough, R. Gregory Aretxabaleta, Alfredo TI Transport and retention of vertically migrating adult mysid and decapod shrimp in the tidal front on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Neomysis; Crangon; Vertical distribution; Migration; Tidal front; Georges Bank ID NEOMYSIS-AMERICANA; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; SOUTHERN FLANK; RESIDUAL CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; MODEL; COD; EMERGENCE; LARVAE; MAINE AB Vertical profiles of the adult epibenthic shrimp Neomysis americana and Crangon septemspinosus obtained during June 1985 were used to simulate possible rates of ascent from bottom (40 to 50 m) to near surface at night and return by day, and the consequence of these rates on their horizontal distribution. Numerical particles were released at the sampling site using archived model current fields with specified vertical rates (from no swim behavior to 20 mm s(-1)) and tracked for up to 30 d. The best match between observed and modeled vertical profiles was with a vertical swimming speed of 10 mm s(-1) for N. americana and 2 mm s(-1) for C. septemspinosus. Whereas N. americana rapidly swims towards the surface at dusk and descends to bottom by dawn, C. septemspinosus tends to only swim up to the middle of the water column at night. After 16 d, the simulation with 10 mm s(-1) swim speed showed most particles were concentrated in an area centered around the 60 m isobath, where the tidal front was located. At 2 mm s(-1) swim speed particles were concentrated more shoalward onto the western end of Georges Bank. N. americana are expected to be more closely associated with the tidal front, since they spend more time near the front surface convergence, but are more likely to be transported off the bank due to the south-westward-flowing surface tidal jet, whereas C. septemspinosus would be retained primarily on the bank, since they are found deeper in the water column during both day and night. C1 [Lough, R. Gregory] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gregory.lough@noaa.gov OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 119 EP 135 DI 10.3354/meps10977 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700009 ER PT J AU Kessel, ST Chapman, DD Franks, BR Gedamke, T Gruber, SH Newman, JM White, ER Perkins, RG AF Kessel, S. T. Chapman, D. D. Franks, B. R. Gedamke, T. Gruber, S. H. Newman, J. M. White, E. R. Perkins, R. G. TI Predictable temperature-regulated residency, movement and migration in a large, highly mobile marine predator (Negaprion brevirostris) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lemon shark; Acoustic telemetry; Seasonal residency; Seasonal migration; Temperature preference; GLMM ID JUVENILE LEMON SHARKS; SITE-FIDELITY; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; CARCHARIAS-TAURUS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; 1ST EVIDENCE; NURSE SHARK AB Understanding how and why animals are distributed through time and space has always been a fundamental component of ecology and is an essential prerequisite for effective conservation and/or management. However, for highly mobile K-selected species, behavioural predictability is rarely considered over appropriate scales relative to life history. To address this point, a multidisciplinary approach combining telemetry, external tagging, physical assessment, environmental monitoring and genetic analysis was adopted to determine a spatial framework for the movements of adult lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris at multiple spatial and temporal scales from 2007 to 2011. Lemon sharks (n = 83) were tracked with passive acoustic telemetry, revealing a winter residency in the southeast Florida region. Detections from individuals recorded within the core winter habitat for >20 d (n = 56) were incorporated into generalized linear mixed-effects models to investigate the influence of water temperature, photoperiod, moon phase, month and year on presence. The findings of this study suggest a temperature driven 'migration-residency' model for mature lemon shark distribution across the USA eastern seaboard. Lemon sharks are distributed across a wide geographical area in the summer months and migrate south concentrating off southeast Florida in the winter, with this pattern repeated each year. From comparative genetic analysis and the absence of any evidence of mating behaviour during the winter residency period, mating and parturition most probably occur in May/June between northern Florida and the Carolinas. This study highlights the importance of determining the specific dynamics and proximate causes of animal movement and distribution over appropriate spatial and temporal scales relative to life history. C1 [Kessel, S. T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Kessel, S. T.; Perkins, R. G.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. [Chapman, D. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Franks, B. R.; Gruber, S. H.] Bimini Biol Field Stn Fdn, South Bimini, Bahamas. [Gedamke, T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Newman, J. M.] Dykoke Enterprises Inc, Jupiter, FL 33469 USA. [White, E. R.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. RP Kessel, ST (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM skessel@uwindsor.ca OI White, Easton/0000-0002-0768-9555 FU Swiss Shark Foundation - Hai Stiftung; National Geographic Society; Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation FX Funding was primarily provided by the Swiss Shark Foundation - Hai Stiftung, and additionally by the National Geographic Society, Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation and Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation. The authors thank Walt Stearns for bringing the aggregations to our attention and for assisting with field work. For logistical support and many hours of their personal time, thanks to Bill Parks, Cheryl Carroll, Joanne and John Fraser, Tony Grogan, Phil Bessler and John David Newman. David Fugate at the Florida Gulf Coast University provided equipment loans. Thanks to David Kerstetter and Jurg Brunnschweiler fur PSAT tag donations. All the many staff and volunteers, including those that gave boat time and diver reports, facilitated the field work element of this study. Eric D. Johnson, Paul Van Dam-Bates, Eric D. Stolen and Dale Webber provided statistical advice. Nigel Hussey and Aaron Fisk provided guidance and logistical support. We acknowledge all FACT and ACT members, particularly Joy Young with the FWC Tequesta Lab and Eric Reyier at Kennedy Space Centre, who provided us with lemon shark detections outside of our personal acoustic coverage. Finally, we thank the editor and 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an early draft of the manuscript, which improved the current version. NR 87 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 64 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.3354/meps10966 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700013 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Botsford, LW White, JW Fogarty, MJ Juanes, F Hastings, A Holland, MD Brander, K AF Wang, Hui-Yu Botsford, Louis W. White, J. Wilson Fogarty, Michael J. Juanes, Francis Hastings, Alan Holland, Matthew D. Brander, Keith TI Effects of temperature on life history set the sensitivity to fishing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fraction of unfished lifetime spawning biomass; FLSB; Atlantic cod; Life history; F-35; Natural mortality; Temperature variability ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NATURAL MORTALITY; SPAWNING STOCK; AGE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN COD; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT AB Concern over sustainable fisheries resources has motivated investigations of possible synergistic effects of climate variability and fishing on marine populations. While many studies suggest that fishing increases population sensitivity to climate forcing, the effects of climate variability on the population response to fishing is relatively understudied. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a synthesis based on 20 Atlantic cod populations (11 in the Northeast and 9 in the Northwest Atlantic). These cod populations display considerable life-history variation and are exposed to different temperature regimes and differential harvest pressure throughout their broad geographical range. We hypothesized that the differences in life histories that result from the different temperature regimes determine the sensitivity of cod populations to fishing. Spatial correlations between life-history traits (growth, maturation, and natural mortality) and water temperatures confirmed that warmer temperatures lead to faster individual growth, earlier maturation, and higher natural mortality. Analysis of a population model revealed how temperature influences on life histories lead to differential population responses to fishing. We represented such population responses to fishing using a proxy for lifetime reproduction (fraction of unfished lifetime spawning biomass, FLSB). This index revealed that-all else being equal-populations in warmer regions in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean can sustain higher fishing rates than those in the cooler Northwest. Life history-mediated temperature effects on population dynamics provide a novel perspective on synergistic relationships between climate and fisheries. Understanding population life-history variation will enhance the capabilities for forecasting future fisheries production under climate change. C1 [Wang, Hui-Yu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Botsford, Louis W.; Holland, Matthew D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [White, J. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Juanes, Francis] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Juanes, Francis] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Botsford, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lwbotsford@ucdavis.edu OI WANG, HUI-YU/0000-0002-9100-321X FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE0815293, OCE0815619] FX This research was part of US GLOBEC synthesis activities and was supported by National Science Foundation grants NSF OCE0815293 and OCE0815619. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.3354/meps10943 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700016 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Francis, TB Williams, GD Feist, B Stick, K Levin, PS AF Shelton, Andrew O. Francis, Tessa B. Williams, Gregory D. Feist, Blake Stick, Kurt Levin, Phillip S. TI Habitat limitation and spatial variation in Pacific herring egg survival SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound; Forage fish; Nearshore habitat; Egg loss; Herring; Habitat limitation; Clupea pallasii; Eelgrass ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CLUPEA-HARENGUS-PALLASI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PUGET-SOUND; OIL-SPILL; SPAWN; PREDATION; RECOVERY; ALASKA; BAY AB Nearshore habitats play a vital role in the life cycles of many marine fishes. These habitats are particularly important for Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, which rely on submerged vegetation in the shallow subtidal for spawning habitat and egg incubation. However, little is known about spatial or temporal variation in egg success or how spawning habitat may affect herring early life history. We estimated herring egg loss rates across multiple spawning vegetations in 5 subpopulations of Pacific herring in Puget Sound (USA), an urbanized estuarine system. We found enormous variation in herring egg loss among subpopulations (range of daily loss rates: 5 to 70%) and in egg loss of eggs reared under common garden conditions (range of cumulative loss: 20 to 100%). Egg loss varied by subpopulation but not by spawning vegetation type. Exploratory analyses suggest both wave height and land use patterns may affect hatch success. Using historical survey data, we found that a large proportion of spawning habitat available to Puget Sound herring remains unused each year. Furthermore, we found limited evidence that eggs were deposited disproportionally on particular vegetation types; only the non-indigenous brown algae Sargassum muticum was spawned on more than expected by chance. Our results demonstrate that Puget Sound herring are not limited by the amount of available suitable spawning vegetation, and that native vegetation is not preferred over other vegetation types for herring spawning. Rather, it appears that other terrestrial or marine variables are likely determinants of herring egg loss. C1 [Shelton, Andrew O.; Williams, Gregory D.; Feist, Blake; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] Univ Washington, Puget Sound Inst, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. [Stick, Kurt] Reg 4 LaConner Dist Off, Marine Resources, Fish Program, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov RI Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012; Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012 OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 514 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps10941 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6GC UT WOS:000345700700017 ER PT J AU Lund, SP Hubbard, JB Halter, M AF Lund, Steven P. Hubbard, Joseph B. Halter, Michael TI Nonparametric Estimates of Drift and Diffusion Profiles via Fokker-Planck Algebra SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY PROFILES; MODEL; DYNAMICS; FRICTION; BILAYERS; SYSTEMS; FLUID AB Diffusion processes superimposed upon deterministic motion play a key role in understanding and controlling the transport of matter, energy, momentum, and even information in physics, chemistry, material science, biology, and communications technology. Given functions defining these random and deterministic components, the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation is often used to model these diffusive systems. Many methods exist for estimating the drift and diffusion profiles from one or more identifiable diffusive trajectories; however, when many identical entities diffuse simultaneously, it may not be possible to identify individual trajectories. Here we present a method capable of simultaneously providing nonparametric estimates for both drift and diffusion profiles from evolving density profiles, requiring only the validity of Langevin/FP dynamics. This algebraic FP manipulation provides a flexible and robust framework for estimating stationary drift and diffusion coefficient profiles, is not based on fluctuation theory or solved diffusion equations, and may facilitate predictions for many experimental systems. We illustrate this approach on experimental data obtained from a model lipid bilayer system exhibiting free diffusion and electric field induced drift. The wide range over which this approach provides accurate estimates for drift and diffusion profiles is demonstrated through simulation. C1 [Lund, Steven P.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hubbard, Joseph B.; Halter, Michael] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lund, SP (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.lund@nist.gov; joseph.hubbard@nist.gov; michael.halter@nist.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 44 BP 12743 EP 12749 DI 10.1021/JP50843571J PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AS9RS UT WOS:000344579900017 PM 25308384 ER PT J AU Jin, ZM Gehrig, D Dyer-Smith, C Heilweil, EJ Laquai, F Bonn, M Turchinovich, D AF Jin, Zuanming Gehrig, Dominik Dyer-Smith, Clare Heilweil, Edwin J. Laquai, Frederic Bonn, Mischa Turchinovich, Dmitry TI Ultrafast Terahertz Photoconductivity of Photovoltaic Polymer-Fullerene Blends: A Comparative Study Correlated with Photovoltaic Device Performance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; CARRIER DYNAMICS; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; SPECTROSCOPY; MOBILITIES; GENERATION; COPOLYMER AB Ultrafast photoinduced carrier dynamics in prototypical low band gap polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blend films PTB7:PC70BM and P3HT:Pe(70)BM is investigated using ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. The subpicosecond and fewpicosecond decays of THz-probed photoconductivities for both compounds are observed, attributed to the rapid formation of polaron pairs by exciton-exciton annihilation and subsequent polaron pair annihilation, respectively. The transient THz photoconductivity spectra of PTB7:PC70BM are well described by the Drude-Smith (DS) model, directly yielding the important charge transport parameters such as charge carrier density, momentum scattering time, and effective localization. By comparison with P3HT:PC70BM, we find that in PTB7:PC70BM the mobile charge carrier photoconductivity is significantly enhanced by a factor of 1.8 and prevails for longer times after charge formation, due to both improved mobile charge carrier yield and lower charge localization. In PTB7:PC70BM, a strong dependency of electron momentum scattering time on electron density was found, well parametrized by the empirical Caughey-Thomas model. The difference in ultrafast photoconductivities of both P3HT:PC70BM and PTB7:PC70BM is found to correlate very well with the performance of photovoltaic devices based on those materials. C1 [Jin, Zuanming; Gehrig, Dominik; Dyer-Smith, Clare; Laquai, Frederic; Bonn, Mischa; Turchinovich, Dmitry] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turchinovich, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM turchino@mpip-mainz.mpg.de RI Turchinovich, Dmitry/A-8872-2010; Bonn, Mischa/H-7446-2012; OI Turchinovich, Dmitry/0000-0003-0054-7092; Bonn, Mischa/0000-0001-6851-8453; Jin, Zuanming/0000-0002-9686-7965; Laquai, Frederic/0000-0002-5887-6158 FU EU [334324 LIGHTER]; Max Planck Society; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP1355]; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) FX D.T. acknowledges EU Career Integration Grant 334324 LIGHTER, and the Max Planck Society for financial support. F.L. thanks the Max Planck Society for funding the Max Planck Research Group of Organic Optoelectronics and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding in the framework of the priority program SPP1355 "Elementary Processes in Organic Phtovoltaics". D. G. acknowledges a Kekule scholarship of the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI). NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 21 BP 3662 EP 3668 DI 10.1021/jz501890n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS9RO UT WOS:000344579500030 PM 26278734 ER PT J AU Palmero, M Bowler, R Gaebler, JP Leibfried, D Muga, JG AF Palmero, M. Bowler, R. Gaebler, J. P. Leibfried, D. Muga, J. G. TI Fast transport of mixed-species ion chains within a Paul trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INFORMATION; DYNAMICS AB We investigate the dynamics of mixed-species ion crystals during transport between spatially distinct locations in a linear Paul trap in the diabatic regime. In a general mixed-species crystal, all degrees of freedom along the direction of transport are excited by an accelerating well, so unlike the case of same-species ions, where only the center-of-mass mode is excited, several degrees of freedom have to be simultaneously controlled by the transport protocol. We design protocols that lead to low final excitations in the diabatic regime using invariant-based inverse engineering for two different-species ions and also show how to extend this approach to longer mixed-species ion strings. Fast transport of mixed-species ion strings can significantly reduce the operation time in certain architectures for scalable quantum-information processing with trapped ions. C1 [Palmero, M.; Muga, J. G.] Univ Pais Vasco Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Dept Quim Fis, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Bowler, R.; Gaebler, J. P.; Leibfried, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Muga, J. G.] Shanghai Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. RP Palmero, M (reprint author), Univ Pais Vasco Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Dept Quim Fis, Apartado 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. RI Muga, Juan Gonzalo/G-8736-2015 FU Basque Country Government [IT472-10]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [FIS2012-36673-C03-01]; UFI [11/55]; UPV/EHU; IARPA under ARO [DNI-017389]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information program FX We acknowledge funding by Basque Country Government (Grant No. IT472-10), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant No. FIS2012-36673-C03-01), and the program UFI 11/55. M. P. acknowledges a fellowship by UPV/EHU. R. B., J.P.G., and D. L. are supported by IARPA under ARO Contract No. DNI-017389, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information program. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053408 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS6YQ UT WOS:000344405500009 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Cope, J AF Patrick, Wesley S. Cope, Jason TI Examining the 10-Year Rebuilding Dilemma for US Fish Stocks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; OVERFISHED STOCKS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WEST-COAST; STRATEGIES; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; RESTORATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Worldwide, fishery managers strive to maintain fish stocks at or above levels that produce maximum sustainable yields, and to rebuild overexploited stocks that can no longer support such yields. In the United States, rebuilding overexploited stocks is a contentious issue, where most stocks are mandated to rebuild in as short a time as possible, and in a time period not to exceed 10 years. Opponents of such mandates and related guidance argue that rebuilding requirements are arbitrary, and create discontinuities in the time and fishing effort allowed for stocks to rebuild due to differences in productivity. Proponents, however, highlight how these mandates and guidance were needed to curtail the continued overexploitation of these stocks by setting firm deadlines on rebuilding. Here we evaluate the statements made by opponents and proponents of the 10-year rebuilding mandate and related guidance to determine whether such points are technically accurate using a simple population dynamics model and a database of U.S. fish stocks to parameterize the model. We also offer solutions to many of the issues surrounding this mandate and its implementation by recommending some fishing mortality based frameworks, which meet the intent of the 10-year rebuilding requirement while also providing more flexibility. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cope, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112232 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112232 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS6XM UT WOS:000344402600122 PM 25375788 ER PT J AU Peng, DM Wang, XJ Zhao, CY Wu, XR Jiang, FQ Chen, PX AF Peng, Dongmei Wang, Xiujun Zhao, Chenyi Wu, Xingren Jiang, Fengqing Chen, Pengxiang TI Characterizing Air Temperature Changes in the Tarim Basin over 1960-2012 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; NORTHWEST CHINA; WATER-RESOURCES; WESTERN CHINA; TRENDS; SURFACE; XINJIANG; PRECIPITATION AB There has been evidence of warming rate varying largely over space and between seasons. However, little has been done to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature in the Tarim Basin, northwest China. In this study, we collected daily air temperature from 19 meteorological stations for the period of 1960-2012, and analyzed annual mean temperature (AMT), the annual minimum (T-min) and maximum temperature (T-max), and mean temperatures of all twelve months and four seasons and their anomalies. Trend analyses, standard deviation of the detrended anomaly (SDDA) and correlations were carried out to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of various mean air temperatures. Our data showed that increasing trend was much greater in the T-min (0.55 degrees C/10a) than in the AMT (0.25 degrees C/10a) and T-max (0.12 degrees C/10a), and the fluctuation followed the same order. There were large spatial variations in the increasing trends of both AMT (from -0.09 to 0.43 degrees C/10a) and T-min (from 0.15 to 1.12 degrees C/10a). Correlation analyses indicated that AMT had a significantly linear relationship with T-min and the mean temperatures of four seasons. There were also pronounced changes in the monthly air temperature from November to March at decadal time scale. The seasonality (i.e., summer and winter difference) of air temperature was stronger during the period of 1960-1979 than over the recent three decades. Our preliminary analyses indicated that local environmental conditions (such as elevation) might be partly responsible for the spatial variability, and large scale climate phenomena might have influences on the temporal variability of air temperature in the Tarim Basin. In particular, there was a significant correlation between index of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and air temperature of May (P = 0.004), and between the index of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and air temperature of July (P = 0.026) over the interannual to decadal time scales. C1 [Peng, Dongmei; Wang, Xiujun; Zhao, Chenyi; Jiang, Fengqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Peng, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiujun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Xingren] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Wu, Xingren] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Chen, Pengxiang] Xinjiang Meteorol Observ, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Peng, Dongmei] Informat Ctr Xinjiang Xingnong Net, Urumqi, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. EM wwang@essic.umd.edu RI ye, zhaoxia/E-3594-2015; Wang, Xiujun/F-2641-2010 OI Wang, Xiujun/0000-0002-2859-8011 FU Chinese National Basic Research Key Project [2010cb951001]; National Natural Science Foundation [41171095]; National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2013BAC10B01] FX This research was supported by the Chinese National Basic Research Key Project (No. 2010cb951001), National Natural Science Foundation (No. 41171095), and National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No. 2013BAC10B01). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR e112231 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0112231 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS6XM UT WOS:000344402600121 PM 25375648 ER PT J AU Balk, AL Stiles, MD Unguris, J AF Balk, A. L. Stiles, M. D. Unguris, J. TI Critical behavior of zero-field magnetic fluctuations in perpendicularly magnetized thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN-WALL; BARKHAUSEN AVALANCHES; LAYERED STRUCTURES; ANISOTROPY; NOISE; FERROMAGNETS; EXPONENTS; SPECTRUM; MODELS AB We use video-rate magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy to study zero-field magnetic fluctuations in a perpendicularly magnetized cobalt film at room temperature, prepared near a spin reorientation transition. Globally, the film has zero net moment but local areas continually undergo thermal magnetic fluctuations between saturated states. Position resolved hysteresis loops show the fluctuations occur at sample locations close to the spin reorientation transition. Furthermore, nearby fluctuations interact magnetostatically, acting to maintain the overall zero net magnetization. The measured scaling exponent of the fluctuation areas tau is consistent with 4/3. C1 [Balk, A. L.; Stiles, M. D.; Unguris, J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, A. L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balk, AL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.balk@nist.gov RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 FU University of Maryland through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We would like to thank Samuel Stavis for the use of the high frame rate camera and computing resources and Robert McMichael for useful discussions. A.L.B. acknowledges support of this research under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 4 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 18 AR 184404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.184404 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AS8GJ UT WOS:000344487600003 ER PT J AU Bienias, P Choi, S Firstenberg, O Maghrebi, MF Gullans, M Lukin, MD Gorshkov, AV Buchler, HP AF Bienias, P. Choi, S. Firstenberg, O. Maghrebi, M. F. Gullans, M. Lukin, M. D. Gorshkov, A. V. Buechler, H. P. TI Scattering resonances and bound states for strongly interacting Rydberg polaritons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM; LIGHT; ATOMS; GAS; PHOTONS; PHASE; INFORMATION; EXCITATION; BLOCKADE AB We provide a theoretical framework describing slow-light polaritons interacting via atomic Rydberg states. The method allows us to analytically derive the scattering properties of two polaritons. We identify parameter regimes where polariton-polariton interactions are repulsive. Furthermore, in the regime of attractive interactions, we identify multiple two-polariton bound states, calculate their dispersion, and study the resulting scattering resonances. Finally, the two-particle scattering properties allow us to derive the effective low-energy many-body Hamiltonian. This theoretical platform is applicable to ongoing experiments. C1 [Bienias, P.; Buechler, H. P.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Choi, S.; Firstenberg, O.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maghrebi, M. F.; Gullans, M.; Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maghrebi, M. F.; Gullans, M.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Buchler, HP (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM przemek@theo3.physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB TRR 21]; EU Marie Curie ITN COHERENCE; CUA; AFOSR MURI; DARPA QUINESS; Packard Foundation; JQI; NSF PFC at the JQI; NSF PIF; U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL); Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation FX We thank T. Pohl, M. Fleischhauer, P. Strack, and M. Hafezi for discussions. We acknowledge support from the Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within SFB TRR 21, the EU Marie Curie ITN COHERENCE, CUA, AFOSR MURI, DARPA QUINESS, Packard Foundation, the JQI, the NSF PFC at the JQI, NSF PIF, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the Army Research Office (ARO), and the National Science Foundation. H.P.B., M.D.L., and A.V.G. acknowledge hospitality of the KITP. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 3 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 053804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053804 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AU1YN UT WOS:000345413500011 ER PT J AU Hanisch, RJ AF Hanisch, R. J. TI The Virtual Observatory: I SO ASTRONOMY AND COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hanisch, R. J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Hanisch, R. J.] US Virtual Astron Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Hanisch, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Off Data & Informat, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hanisch@stsci.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-1337 EI 2213-1345 J9 ASTRON COMPUT JI Astron. Comput. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 7-8 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.ascom.2014.07.006 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA CI6VS UT WOS:000354902500001 ER PT J AU Wayne, MA Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Kwiat, PG AF Wayne, Michael A. Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Kwiat, Paul G. TI Afterpulse Reduction Through Prompt Quenching in Silicon Reach-Through Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Photodetectors; photodiodes; quantum communication; quantum detectors; semiconductor devices; single-photon detectors ID PHOTODIODES AB Reducing afterpulsing in single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) allows operation with shorter recovery times and higher detection rates. Afterpulsing in SPADs can be reduced by reducing the total avalanche charge. We use a periodic quenching system to arbitrarily vary the latency between the onset of an avalanche and the application of the quench, allowing us to characterize the afterpulsing behavior when the current flow is halted at time scales that are significantly shorter than can be achieved by standard active-quenching systems. Three different reach-through SPADs are characterized, and with prompt quenching we observe reductions in afterpulse probability of as much as a factor of 12. Beyond improving detection rates, reducing the total avalanche charge can also allow operation with higher excess bias voltages, which enables higher detection efficiency and more precise timing resolution. C1 [Wayne, Michael A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wayne, Michael A.; Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wayne, Michael A.; Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwiat, Paul G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wayne, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mwayne@illinois.edu; alessandro.restelli@nist.gov; bienfang@nist.gov; kwiat@illinois.edu RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA InPho Program through U.S. Army Research Office Award [W911NF-10-1-0395] FX This work was supported by the DARPA InPho Program through U.S. Army Research Office Award W911NF-10-1-0395. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 21 BP 4097 EP 4103 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2346736 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA CC7MP UT WOS:000350552200018 ER PT J AU Wang, K Florczyk, S Kievit, F Zhang, MQ AF Wang, Kui Florczyk, Stephen Kievit, Forrest Zhang, Miqin TI CULTURE OF HUMAN GBM CELLS ON ECM-MIMICKING CHITOSAN-HYALURONIC ACID SCAFFOLDS INCREASES MALIGNANCY AND DRUG RESISTANCE SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Kui; Kievit, Forrest; Zhang, Miqin] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Florczyk, Stephen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1522-8517 EI 1523-5866 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 SU 5 MA ME-20 DI 10.1093/neuonc/nou261.19 PG 1 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CC6CM UT WOS:000350452200495 ER PT J AU Shull, RD Kabanov, YP Chen, PJ Dennis, CL Gornakov, VS Nikitenko, VI AF Shull, Robert D. Kabanov, Yuri P. Chen, P. J. Dennis, Cindi L. Gornakov, Vladimir S. Nikitenko, Valerian I. TI Details of the Magnetization Reversal in Patterned Exchange-Biased and Unbiased Thin Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag) CY MAY 04-08, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE DE Domain structure; exchange coupling; magnetization reversal; magnetostatic field ID ANISOTROPY; ASYMMETRY AB New features of the magnetization reversal of a patterned bilayer in the form of a square mesh consisting of 16 mu m wide intersecting stripes of Ni79Fe21 (30 nm) exchange-coupled with IrMn (10 nm) on top were revealed via use of the advanced magneto-optical indicator film technique. A peculiar asymmetry of the remagnetization behavior was observed for the forward and backward branches of the hysteresis loop for fields parallel to the sample's unidirectional anisotropy. Herein, we compare the magnetization reversal processes in the biased and nonbiased patterned ferromagnetic nano-layers. C1 [Shull, Robert D.; Chen, P. J.; Dennis, Cindi L.; Gornakov, Vladimir S.; Nikitenko, Valerian I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabanov, Yuri P.; Gornakov, Vladimir S.; Nikitenko, Valerian I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shull@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 11 AR 2304004 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2328979 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CB2NZ UT WOS:000349465900112 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Merle, SG Buck, NJ Lavelle, JW Resing, JA Ferrini, V AF Chadwick, William W., Jr. Merle, Susan G. Buck, Nathaniel J. Lavelle, J. William Resing, Joseph A. Ferrini, Vicki TI Imaging of CO2 bubble plumes above an erupting submarine volcano, NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SEA; FLUIDS; OCEAN; FIELD; FLUX AB NW Rota-1 is a submarine volcano in the Mariana volcanic arc located similar to 100 km north of Guam. Underwater explosive eruptions driven by magmatic gases were first witnessed there in 2004 and continued until at least 2010. During a March 2010 expedition, visual observations documented continuous but variable eruptive activity at multiple vents at similar to 560 m depth. Some vents released CO2 bubbles passively and continuously, while others released CO2 during stronger but intermittent explosive bursts. Plumes of CO2 bubbles in the water column over the volcano were imaged by an EM122 (12 kHz) multibeam sonar system. Throughout the 2010 expedition numerous passes were made over the eruptive vents with the ship to document the temporal variability of the bubble plumes and relate them to the eruptive activity on the seafloor, as recorded by an in situ hydrophone and visual observations. Analysis of the EM122 midwater data set shows: (1) bubble plumes were present on every pass over the summit and they rose 200-400 m above the vents but dissolved before they reached the ocean surface, (2) bubble plume deflection direction and distance correlate well with ocean current direction and velocity determined from the ship's acoustic doppler current profiler, (3) bubble plume heights and volumes were variable over time and correlate with eruptive intensity as measured by the in situ hydrophone. This study shows that midwater multibeam sonar data can be used to characterize the level of eruptive activity and its temporal variability at a shallow submarine volcano with robust CO2 output. C1 [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Merle, Susan G.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Buck, Nathaniel J.; Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lavelle, J. William] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ferrini, Vicki] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bill.chadwick@oregonstate.edu RI Ferrini, Vicki/F-7398-2012 OI Ferrini, Vicki/0000-0002-6054-5040 FU NSF [OCE-0751776, OCE-1233717] FX This paper benefited from helpful reviews by Tom Weber and two anonymous reviewers. We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Kilo Moana and the Jason ROV team for their excellent support at sea during the 2010 expedition to NW Rota-1 (KM1005). Robert Embley participated in the 2010 expedition and contributed to the geologic interpretations of eruptive activity at NW Rota-1. Help and advice from Moe Doucet at Fledermaus and Mark Amend at Kongsberg is greatly appreciated. Ira Leifer generously provided valuable guidance and feedback regarding bubble plume behavior and modeling and made helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. The midwater multibeam sonar data and hydrophone data presented in this paper are available by request from William Chadwick (william.w.chadwick@noaa.gov). Other data are available at the Marine Geoscience Data System (www.marine-geo.org), the Joint Archive for Shipboard ADCP (ilikai.soest.hawaii.edu/sadcp/), and the National Deep Submergence Facility archive at WHOI (www.whoi.edu/main/ndsf/data). Support for this study was provided by NSF grants OCE-0751776 and OCE-1233717. This is PMEL contribution 4209. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 15 IS 11 BP 4325 EP 4342 DI 10.1002/2014GC005543 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AZ2JT UT WOS:000348060800012 ER PT J AU Sun, ZH Peng, CM Deng, MX Chen, AJ Yue, P Fang, H Di, LP AF Sun, Ziheng Peng, Chunming Deng, Meixia Chen, Aijun Yue, Peng Fang, Hui Di, Liping TI Automation of Customized and Near-Real-Time Vegetation Condition Index Generation Through Cyberinfrastructure-Based Geoprocessing Workflows SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Customized product; cyberinfrastructure (CI); geoprocessing workflow; near-real-time (NRT); vegetation condition index (VCI) ID VIRTUAL GEOSPATIAL PRODUCTS; AVHRR DATA; DROUGHT; WEB; ENVIRONMENT; VALIDATION; IMPACTS AB Vegetation condition index (VCI) is a popular index widely used in vegetation-related analyses. Traditional VCI products are fixed on temporal extent and unchangeable for common users. Customized VCI products, which contain a lot of new information that is unavailable in traditional VCI products, are usually difficult to generate. A new method to automate the generation of customized and near-real-time (NRT) VCI products is in great demand but remains a big challenge. Recent advances in Cyberinfrastructure (CI) have shown promise to meet this challenge. This paper presents a new approach using CI-based geoprocessing workflows to automatically generate VCI products at customized and NRT conditions. The utility of customized NRT VCIs in agriculture-related analyses is also discussed. The approach has been implemented as a new function in the Global Agricultural Drought Monitoring and Forecasting System (GADMFS). The experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in facilitating the customization of VCI products and accelerating the generation of VCI products into NRT level. C1 [Sun, Ziheng; Deng, Meixia; Fang, Hui; Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Peng, Chunming] ESRI, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Chen, Aijun] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Yue, Peng] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. RP Di, LP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ldi@gmu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-NA0001123]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB707105]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-13-0435]; Ministry of Education [201261909] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-NA0001123, in part by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant 2011CB707105, in part by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-13-0435), and in part by the Scholarship Award for Excellent Doctoral Student Granted by the Ministry of Education (201261909). (Corresponding author: Liping Di.) NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 SI SI BP 4512 EP 4522 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2377248 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AY9MR UT WOS:000347875700021 ER PT J AU Baek, S Lee, C Jeong, S AF Baek, Seungwhan Lee, Cheonkyu Jeong, Sangkwon TI Investigation of two-phase heat transfer coefficients of argon-freon cryogenic mixed refrigerants SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed refrigerant; Two-phase; Evaporation; Condensation; Heat transfer coefficient; Microchannel ID GENERAL CORRELATION; FILM CONDENSATION; AXIAL CONDUCTION; BINARY-MIXTURES; FLOW; TUBES; EXCHANGER; ANNULI; FLUIDS; POOL AB Mixed refrigerant Joule Thomson refrigerators are widely used in various kinds of cryogenic systems these days. Although heat transfer coefficient estimation for a multi-phase and multi-component fluid in the cryogenic temperature range is necessarily required in the heat exchanger design of mixed refrigerant Joule Thomson refrigerators, it has been rarely discussed so far. In this paper, condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients of argon freon mixed refrigerant are measured in a microchannel heat exchanger. A Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) with 340 p.m hydraulic diameter has been developed as a compact microchannel heat exchanger and utilized in the experiment. Several two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations are examined to discuss the experimental measurement results. The result of this paper shows that cryogenic two-phase mixed refrigerant heat transfer coefficients can be estimated by conventional two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baek, Seungwhan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Cheonkyu; Jeong, Sangkwon] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Cryogen Engn Lab, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Baek, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div 647, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sbaek@nist.gov; cheonkyu_lee@kaist.ac.kr; skjeong@kaist.ac.kr RI JEONG, SANGKWON/C-1547-2011; Baek, Seungwhan/E-3836-2012 OI Baek, Seungwhan/0000-0002-6375-6767 FU Space Core Technology Development Program of National Research Foundation - South Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) [NRF-2013-042033] FX This research is supported by a grant from Space Core Technology Development Program of National Research Foundation - South Korea (NRF-2013-042033) funded by Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 64 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.09.004 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA AY4XE UT WOS:000347577600006 ER PT J AU Huffman, PR Coakley, KJ Doyle, JM Huffer, CR Mumm, HP O'Shaughnessy, CM Schelhammer, KW Seo, PN Yang, L AF Huffman, P. R. Coakley, K. J. Doyle, J. M. Huffer, C. R. Mumm, H. P. O'Shaughnessy, C. M. Schelhammer, K. W. Seo, P-N. Yang, L. TI Design and performance of a cryogenic apparatus for magnetically trapping ultracold neutrons SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Neutron lifetime; Magnetic trap; Cryocooler; Ultracold neutrons ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB The cryogenic design and performance of an apparatus used to magnetically confine ultracold neutrons (UCN) is presented. The apparatus is part of an effort to measure the beta-decay lifetime of the free neutron and is comprised of a high-current superconducting magnetic trap that surrounds similar to 211 of isotopically pure He-4 cooled to approximately 250 mK. A 0.89 nm neutron beam can enter the apparatus from one end of the magnetic trap and a light collection system allows visible light generated within the helium by decays to be transported to detectors at room temperature. Two cryocoolers are incorporated to reduce liquid helium consumption. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huffman, P. R.; Huffer, C. R.; Schelhammer, K. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Huffman, P. R.; Huffer, C. R.; O'Shaughnessy, C. M.; Schelhammer, K. W.; Seo, P-N.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Doyle, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Shaughnessy, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Yang, L.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huffman, PR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 2401 Stinson Dr,Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_huffman@ncsu.edu FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-0855593]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41042]; NIST, US Department of Commerce FX We thank G. Seidel, D. Haase, and R. Golub for useful cryogenic discussions. We acknowledge the support of the NIST, US Department of Commerce, in providing support, including the neutron facilities used in this work. This work is also supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0855593 and the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER41042. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 64 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.09.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA AY4XE UT WOS:000347577600007 ER PT J AU Permyakov, PA Ryazanov, SD Trukhin, AM Mamaev, EG Burkanov, VN AF Permyakov, P. A. Ryazanov, S. D. Trukhin, A. M. Mamaev, E. G. Burkanov, V. N. TI The Reproductive Success of the Steller Sea Lion Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776) on Brat Chirpoev and Medny Islands in 2001-2011 SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Commander Islands; Kuril Islands; reproductive success ID POPULATION DECLINE AB The reproductive success of the Steller sea lion was estimated based on monitoring the breeding performance of known-age branded females on Brat Chirpoev and Medny islands in 2001-2011. First pup birth occurred at 4 years of age, but the majority of females gave birth to their first pup at the age of 5 years on both islands. The period of the highest realization of female initial reproductive capacity on Medny Island was 4-5 years shorter compared to Brat Chirpoev Island. The differences were caused by a lower number of middle-aged females and a higher proportion of non-pregnant females on Medny Island. The low reproductive success of females is probably the main reason for the depression of the Steller sea lion population on Medny Island. C1 [Permyakov, P. A.; Ryazanov, S. D.; Trukhin, A. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. [Ryazanov, S. D.; Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Far Eastern Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683083, Russia. [Mamaev, E. G.] Komandorsky State Nat Biosphere Reserve, Nikolskoye 684500, Russia. [Burkanov, V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Permyakov, PA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Ul Baltiiskaya 43, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. EM ampermax@mail.ru FU US National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA); Alaska SeaLife Center FX The study was supported financially by the US National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA) and by the Alaska SeaLife Center. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-0740 EI 1608-3377 J9 RUSS J MAR BIOL+ JI Russ. J. Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 40 IS 6 BP 440 EP 446 DI 10.1134/S1063074014060182 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY4FS UT WOS:000347534300004 ER PT J AU Cornuelle, B Hansen, J Kirtman, B Sandgathe, S Warren, S AF Cornuelle, Bruce Hansen, James Kirtman, Benjamin Sandgathe, Scott Warren, Steve TI ISSUES AND CHALLENGES WITH USING ENSEMBLE-BASED PREDICTION TO PROBE THE WEATHER-CLIMATE INTERFACE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cornuelle, Bruce] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hansen, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kirtman, Benjamin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Warren, Steve] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Warren, Steve] NOAA, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sandgathe, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sandgathe@apl.washington.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 213 EP 215 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00235.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX9LU UT WOS:000347225100001 ER PT J AU Smith, CA Compo, GP Hooper, DK AF Smith, Catherine A. Compo, Gilbert P. Hooper, Don K. TI Web-Based Reanalysis Intercomparison Tools (WRIT) for Analysis and Comparison of Reanalyses and Other Datasets SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; PROJECT; PRECIPITATION C1 [Smith, Catherine A.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Hooper, Don K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, Catherine A.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Hooper, Don K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Smith, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broad Way, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cathy.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Catherine/H-5055-2016 OI Smith, Catherine/0000-0003-2687-6046 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA Climate Program Office FX We appreciate the IT support, programming, and web interface discussions with the NOAA/ESRL/PSD IT group and with D. Murray and D. Allured from PSD and the University of Colorado/CIRES. Assistance from the NCAR NCL support desk is also appreciated. For help with data preparation, S. Lubker of NOAA/ESRL/PSD is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to acknowledge the help of the data support staff at the institutions supplying the reanalysis and observation data: ECMWF, NOAA/NCEP, NASA, and particularly D. Ostrenga at NASA for assistance with metadata and access. Three anonymous reviewers and editor Bryan Etherton made valuable suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. G.P. Compo received support from the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, and the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1671 EP 1678 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00192.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX9LU UT WOS:000347225100002 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Vialard, J McPhaden, MJ Lee, T Masumoto, Y Feng, M De Ruijter, WPM AF Han, Weiqing Vialard, Jerome McPhaden, Michael J. Lee, Tong Masumoto, Yukio Feng, Ming De Ruijter, Will P. M. TI INDIAN OCEAN DECADAL VARIABILITY A Review SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ASIAN-AUSTRALIAN MONSOON; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; HEAT-CONTENT VARIABILITY; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; INDO-PACIFIC; TIME SCALES; LEVEL-RISE; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY C1 [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vialard, Jerome] Univ Paris 06, Lab Ocanographie Exprimentat & Approches Numeriqu, IRD, CNRS,MNHN, Paris, France. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Masumoto, Yukio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Climate Variat Predictabil & Applicabil Res Progr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Feng, Ming] Ctr Environm & Life Sci, CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA, Australia. [De Ruijter, Will P. M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weiqing.han@colorado.edu RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; de Ruijter, Wilhelmus/I-2541-2016; Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092 FU NSF CAREER Award [OCE 0847605]; NOAA; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship; Australian Climate Change Science Program FX We thank the member of the CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel for their help and support for writing this review. We also would like to express our appreciation of Dr. Yuanlong Li for processing the D20 and OSCAR surface current data and of Dr. John Antonov for providing the upper-ocean heat content data. We thank Drs. Paul Durack, Benjamin Hamlington, M. Lengaigne, A. G. Nidheesh, Tomoki Tozuka, and Laurie Trenary for providing high-resolution original figures. Dr. Shang-Ping Xie, Dr. Gerald Meehl, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable constructive reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. W. Han is supported by NSF CAREER Award OCE 0847605. M. J. McPhaden is supported by NOAA. Ming Feng is supported by CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship and the Australian Climate Change Science Program. The research described in this paper was in part carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 207 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1703 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00028.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX9LU UT WOS:000347225100003 ER PT J AU Van Cooten, S AF Van Cooten, Suzanne TI WHERE ARE THE INDIGENOUS SCIENTIFIC LEADERS? Examining the Participation of Native American/Alaska Natives in Weather and Water Academic Programs and the Federal Workforce SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESONET OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-ANALYSES; KNOWLEDGE; EDUCATION; STUDENTS; SCIENCE; NEEDS C1 NOAA, NWS Lower Mississippi River Forecast Ctr, Slidell, LA 73026 USA. RP Van Cooten, S (reprint author), NOAA, NWS Lower Mississippi River Forecast Ctr, 62300 Airport Rd, Slidell, LA 73026 USA. EM suzanne.van.cooten@noaa.gov FU University of Oklahoma; Department of Interior's South Central Climate Center; NOAA of the National Weather Center FX Thank you to Bernard Meisner of NWS Southern Region Headquarters and the three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments and suggestions to greatly improve this manuscript. I especially appreciate the encouragement from the anonymous reviewers to include personal anecdotes. Amy Wampler of the Chickasaw Nation Division of Health provided valuable information related to AI/AN health recruitment initiatives and Native American student activities of the Chickasaw Nation's Chokka' Kilimpi' Family Resource Center. Final acknowledgement goes to the University of Oklahoma faculty affiliated with the Department of Interior's South Central Climate Center and the NOAA partners of the National Weather Center for their support and commitment to Native American inclusion in weather and water education and research programs. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1725 EP 1740 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00097.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX9LU UT WOS:000347225100006 ER PT J AU Adams, J Speakman, T Zolman, E Mitchum, G Wirth, E Bossart, GD Fair, PA AF Adams, Jeffrey Speakman, Todd Zolman, Eric Mitchum, Greg Wirth, Edward Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. TI The relationship between land use and emerging and legacy contaminants in an Apex predator, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), from two adjacent estuarine watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Persistent organohalogen compounds (POC); Bottlenose dolphins; Bioaccumulation; Apex predator; Spatial distribution; Watershed; Land use ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HISTORICAL EMISSION INVENTORY; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MARINE MAMMALS; PCB CONGENERS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION AB Background: Persistent organohalogen contaminant (POC) exposure is of concern in marine mammals due to the potential for adverse health effects. Studies have examined POCs in marine mammals on a regional scale; however, limited data exists on POC concentrations relative to land use and watersheds. Objective: Examine geographical variation of POC concentrations in bottlenose dolphins as it relates to land, and watershed, use. Methods: POC (PCBs, DDTs, and PBDEs) concentrations were measured in blubber of bottlenose dolphins (n = 40) sampled in estuarine waters near Charleston, SC. Photo-identification sighting histories were used to assess the dolphins' use of estuarine waters in two adjacent watersheds (Cooper Subbasin and Stono Subbasin) in the study area and to determine land use (developed, forested, agriculture, and wetland) associations. Results: Dolphins with >= 75% of their sightings in the Cooper Subbasin, which is characterized by a higher degree of developed land use, exhibited higher levels of PCBs, PBDEs, and total pesticides than those with >= 75% of their sightings in the Stono Subbasin. Observed differences were significant for Sigma PBDEs and Sigma DDTs/Sigma PCBs ratio. Significant positive correlations were observed between Sigma PBDEs and developed land use and between Sigma DDTs/Sigma PCBs and wetland land use. A significant negative correlation was observed between Sigma DDTs/Sigma PCBs and developed land use. Conclusion: The spatial pattern of PBDEs and the Sigma DDTs/Sigma PCBs detected in dolphin blubber was shown to vary significantly with adjacent watersheds and land use associations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, Jeffrey] Ocean Associates Inc, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Speakman, Todd; Zolman, Eric] JHT Inc, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mitchum, Greg; Wirth, Edward; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jeff.Adams@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate FX We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin health assessment studies. We are especially grateful to F. Townsend, L. Hansen, S. McCulloch, L. Fulford, L. Schwacke, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many valuable volunteers whose help made this study possible. We thank W. McFee for age analysis and many interns who helped with photo-id research. This present study was conducted in accord with the National Marine Fisheries Permit No. 998-1678-00 and approved by the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Support was through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 135 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.037 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AX0DE UT WOS:000346622800046 PM 25462684 ER PT J AU Hsu, CT Matsuo, T Wang, WB Liu, JY AF Hsu, Chih-Ting Matsuo, Tomoko Wang, Wenbin Liu, Jann-Yenq TI Effects of inferring unobserved thermospheric and ionospheric state variables by using an Ensemble Kalman Filter on global ionospheric specification and forecasting SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermospheric-ionospheric coupling; data assimilation; FORMOSAT-3; COSMIC; Ensemble Kalman Filter ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; F2-LAYER; STORM AB This paper demonstrates the significance of ion-neutral coupling to ionospheric data assimilation for ionospheric specification and forecast. Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is used to assimilate synthetic electron density profiles sampled according to the Formosa Satellite 3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate into the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The combination of the EnKF and first-principles TIEGCM allows a self-consistent treatment of thermosphere and ionosphere coupling in the data assimilation and forecast. Because thermospheric variables affect ionospheric electron densities, different combinations of an observed ionospheric state variable (electron density), and unobserved ionospheric and thermospheric state variables (atomic oxygen ion density, neutral temperature, winds, and composition) are included as part of the EnKF state vector in experiments. In the EnKF, the unobserved state variables are estimated and made dynamically and chemically consistent with the observed state variable, thus improving the performance of the data assimilation system. The impact on ensemble forecast is further examined by initializing the TIEGCM with the assimilation analysis. The main findings are the following: (1) by incorporating ion-neutral coupling into the EnKF, the ionospheric electron density analysis, and forecast can be considerably improved. (2) Thermospheric composition is the most significant state variable that affects ionospheric analysis and forecast. (3) Thermospheric variables have a much longer impact on ionospheric forecast (>24h) than ionospheric variables (2 to 3h). (4) In the TIEGCM, the effect of assimilating electron densities is not completely transmitted to the forecast step unless the densities of ion species are estimated. C1 [Hsu, Chih-Ting; Liu, Jann-Yenq] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Wenbin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liu, Jann-Yenq] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. EM jyliu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw RI Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015 OI Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; FU Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST103-2628-M-008-001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-13-1-0058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AJ54G, NNX13AE20G, NNX14AE06G, NNX10AQ59G]; U.S. National Science Foundation FX The authors sincerely thank Timothly Hoar and Jeff Anderson at the Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (IMAGe), NCAR for their great help with DART/TIEGCM. We also thank Nicholas Pedatella and Chien-Hung Lin for their helpful comments. The DART software was obtained from IMAGe, NCAR (URL: http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/). The TIEGCM were obtained from High Altitude Observatory, NCAR (URL: http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/tie.php). The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data were obtained from COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC) (URL: http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/index.html) and Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC) (URL: http://tacc.cwb.gov.tw/). This work is supported by Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology grant MOST103-2628-M-008-001, Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-13-1-0058, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration grants NNX12AJ54G, NNX13AE20G, NNX14AE06G, and NNX10AQ59G. NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. Simulation data used in this paper may be obtained by contacting the corresponding author, Jann-Yenq Liu. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 9256 EP 9267 DI 10.1002/2014JA020390 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX2RO UT WOS:000346792100039 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JD AF Gillaspy, J. D. TI Precision spectroscopy of trapped highly charged heavy elements: pushing the limits of theory and experiment SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Mons, BELGIUM DE charge exchange; precision spectroscopy; satellite line shifts; highly charged ions ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HELIUM-LIKE ARGON; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSITIONS; LINES; EBIT; DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDROGENLIKE AB Atomic spectroscopy results from the electron beam ion trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have generally agreed with the predictions of theory extremely well. An interesting exception is our recent result on the helium isoelectronic sequence at Z = 22, which agrees instead with a meta-analysis of all prior measurements above Z = 15, but disagrees with both theory and a contemporaneous report of an independent measurement at Z = 18 which claims to validate theory to high accuracy. Here, a potential systematic shift involving high-n satellite lines induced by double charge exchange is quantitatively estimated and shown to be potentially significant in experiments involving gasses. Suggestions for further refinements in estimating the magnitude of this systematic shift are given. C1 NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.gillaspy@nist.gov NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 89 IS 11 AR 114004 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/89/11/114004 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX0QK UT WOS:000346656500004 ER PT J AU Haris, K Kramida, A Tauheed, A AF Haris, K. Kramida, A. Tauheed, A. TI Extended and revised analysis of singly ionized tin: Sn II SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Mons, BELGIUM DE singly ionized tin; energy levels; classified lines; transition probabilities; ionization energy ID THEORETICAL TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; 1ST SPARK SPECTRUM; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA; 5S5P6S CONFIGURATIONS; IN-I; LINES; WAVELENGTHS; 5P(3); LIFETIMES AB The electronic structure of singly ionized tin (Sn II) is partly a one-electron and partly a three-electron system with ground configuration 5s(2)5p. The excited configurations are of the type 5s(2)nl in the one-electron part, and 5s5p(2), 5p(3) and 5s5pnl (nl = 6s, 5d) in the three-electron system with quartet and doublet levels. The spectrum analyzed in this work was recorded on a 3 m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph of the Antigonish laboratory (Canada) in the wavelength region 300 angstrom-2080 angstrom using a triggered spark source.. The existing interpretation of the one-electron level system was confirmed in this paper, while the S-2(1/2) level of the 5s5p(2) configuration has been revised. The analysis has been extended to include new configurations 5p(3), 5s5p5d and 5s5p6s with the aid of superposition-of-configurations Hartree-Fock calculations with relativistic corrections. The ionization potential obtained from the ng series was found to be 118 023.7(7) cm(-1) (14.633 07(8) eV). We give a complete set of critically evaluated data on energy levels, observed wavelengths and transition probabilities of Sn II in the range 888-10 740 angstrom involving exication the n=5 electrons. C1 [Haris, K.; Tauheed, A.] Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Kramida, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haris, K (reprint author), Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 89 IS 11 AR 115403 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/89/11/115403 PG 21 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AX0QK UT WOS:000346656500021 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Naud, CM Rangwala, I Landry, CC Miller, JR AF Chen, Yonghua Naud, Catherine M. Rangwala, Imtiaz Landry, Christopher C. Miller, James R. TI Comparison of the sensitivity of surface downward longwave radiation to changes in water vapor at two high elevation sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; elevatin dependent warming; mountain climate; cold air drainage; water vapor feedback; downward longwave radiation; climate change ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEM; MOUNTAINS AB Among the potential reasons for enhanced warming rates in many high elevation regions is the nonlinear relationship between surface downward longwave radiation (DLR) and specific humidity (q). In this study we use ground-based observations at two neighboring high elevation sites in Southwestern Colorado that have different local topography and are 1.3 km apart horizontally and 348 m vertically. We examine the spatial consistency of the sensitivities (partial derivatives) of DLR with respect to changes in q, and the sensitivities are obtained from the Jacobian matrix of a neural network analysis. Although the relationship between DLR and q is the same at both sites, the sensitivities are higher when q is smaller, which occurs more frequently at the higher elevation site. There is a distinct hourly distribution in the sensitivities at both sites especially for high sensitivity cases, although the range is greater at the lower elevation site. The hourly distribution of the sensitivities relates to that of q. Under clear skies during daytime, q is similar between the two sites, however under cloudy skies or at night, it is not. This means that the DLR-q sensitivities are similar at the two sites during daytime but not at night, and care must be exercised when using data from one site to infer the impact of water vapor feedbacks at another site, particularly at night. Our analysis suggests that care should be exercised when using the lapse rate adjustment to infill high frequency data in a complex topographical region, particularly when one of the stations is subject to cold air pooling as found here. C1 [Chen, Yonghua; Naud, Catherine M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] Univ Colorado, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Landry, Christopher C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO USA. [Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM yc2268@columbia.edu FU NSF [1064281, 1064326]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [NJ32103] FX The Swamp Angel and Senator Beck Basin observations are provided by the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies (www.snowstudies.org/). We thank Felipe Aires for helpful discussions of the neural net analysis. This work is funded by NSF grants #1064281 and #1064326. This project also received support from the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Hatch project number NJ32103. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to make this manuscript better. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 9 IS 11 AR 114015 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW9JS UT WOS:000346573900021 ER PT J AU Keppel-Aleks, G Wolf, AS Mu, MQ Doney, SC Morton, DC Kasibhatla, PS Miller, JB Dlugokencky, EJ Randerson, JT AF Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen Wolf, Aaron S. Mu, Mingquan Doney, Scott C. Morton, Douglas C. Kasibhatla, Prasad S. Miller, John B. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Randerson, James T. TI Separating the influence of temperature, drought, and fire on interannual variability in atmospheric CO2 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate variability; drought; fire; terrestrial ecosystems; atmospheric CO2 ID CARBON-DIOXIDE VARIABILITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; SENSITIVITY; CYCLE; FLUXES; MODEL AB The response of the carbon cycle in prognostic Earth system models (ESMs) contributes significant uncertainty to projections of global climate change. Quantifying contributions of known drivers of interannual variability in the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is important for improving the representation of terrestrial ecosystem processes in these ESMs. Several recent studies have identified the temperature dependence of tropical net ecosystem exchange (NEE) as a primary driver of this variability by analyzing a single, globally averaged time series of CO2 anomalies. Here we examined how the temporal evolution of CO2 in different latitude bands may be used to separate contributions from temperature stress, drought stress, and fire emissions to CO2 variability. We developed atmospheric CO2 patterns from each of these mechanisms during 1997-2011 using an atmospheric transport model. NEE responses to temperature, NEE responses to drought, and fire emissions all contributed significantly to CO2 variability in each latitude band, suggesting that no single mechanism was the dominant driver. We found that the sum of drought and fire contributions to CO2 variability exceeded direct NEE responses to temperature in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Additional sensitivity tests revealed that these contributions are masked by temporal and spatial smoothing of CO2 observations. Accounting for fires, the sensitivity of tropical NEE to temperature stress decreased by 25% to 2.90.4 Pg C yr(-1)K(-1). These results underscore the need for accurate attribution of the drivers of CO2 variability prior to using contemporary observations to constrain long-term ESM responses. C1 [Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wolf, Aaron S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mu, Mingquan; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morton, Douglas C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kasibhatla, Prasad S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John B.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Keppel-Aleks, G (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gkeppela@umich.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Morton, Douglas/D-5044-2012 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; FU Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division; National Science Foundation Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program [NSF AGS 1048890, AGS 1048827]; NASA Carbon Cycle Science [NASA NNX11AF96G]; NOAA; NOAA's Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division, the National Science Foundation Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program (NSF AGS 1048890 and AGS 1048827), and NASA Carbon Cycle Science (NASA NNX11AF96G). G.K.A. acknowledges a NOAA Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship. J.B.M. and E.J.D. thank NOAA's Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program for support, including that for collection and analysis of CO2 observations used in this study. CO2 observations were downloaded from ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/co2/flask/surface/. NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. CRU temperature data were retrieved from http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/#datdow. GPCP data were from precip.gsfc.nasa.gov, and GFED data were from http://www.globalfiredata.org/Data/index.html. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD NOV PY 2014 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1295 EP 1310 DI 10.1002/2014GB004890 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW9RE UT WOS:000346594100009 ER PT J AU Bell, RJ Hare, JA Manderson, JP Richardson, DE AF Bell, Richard J. Hare, Jonathan A. Manderson, John P. Richardson, David E. TI Externally driven changes in the abundance of summer and winter flounder SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental drivers; groundfish; Kalman Filter; recruitment; southern New England; state-space models; summer flounder; temperature; time-varying parameters; winter flounder ID SHRIMP CRANGON-SEPTEMSPINOSA; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; ATLANTIC ESTUARIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECRUITMENT; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; POPULATION AB Marine organisms that utilize nearshore environments for major components of their life histories are subject to both local-scale forcing such as water quality and estuarine degradation as well as large-scale forcing such as fishing and decadal-scale climate variability. Large-scale forcing has the potential to synchronize the dynamics of subpopulations, while local-level forcing can produce asynchronous subpopulation trends. Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) are important commercial and recreational flatfish along the east coast of North America which spend their first year of life in coastal habitats. We found that the two exhibited significant within-species coherence in commercial landings and fisheries-independent surveys across the northeast shelf of the United States, suggesting large-scale external drivers. In laboratory studies, temperature has been found to be an important factor regulating survival during the egg, larva and settlement phases of both species. We reconstructed a 40-year time-series of coastal water temperature for the major spawning and nursery areas to examine changes in the thermally available habitat. Estimates of winter flounder abundance were negatively correlated with the winter water temperature, but not with fishing mortality. Summer flounder abundance, by contrast, was negatively correlated with fishing mortality, but exhibited no link with temperature. In addition, time-varying stock-recruitment relationships indicated that stock productivity declined for winter flounder over time, while summer flounder productivity has varied without a trend. While both species declined in the 1980s and early 1990s due to heavy fishing pressure, the reduction in fishing over the last two decades has led to rebuilding of the summer flounder stock and an expansion of its age structure. Declining productivity due to warming estuarine conditions has kept the winter flounder stock at low levels despite low fishing pressure. The two stocks illustrate the importance of controlling fishing mortality in the management of natural marine resources while also accounting for changes in productivity due to climate variability and change. C1 [Bell, Richard J.; Hare, Jonathan A.; Richardson, David E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Manderson, John P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook, NJ 07732 USA. RP Bell, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM rich.bell@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Fisheries habitat assessment improvement team through an award to JAH and JPM. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2416 EP 2428 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu069 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3MQ UT WOS:000346191300006 ER PT J AU McConnaughey, RA Syrjala, SE AF McConnaughey, Robert A. Syrjala, Stephen E. TI Short-term effects of bottom trawling and a storm event on soft-bottom benthos in the eastern Bering Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; BACI experimental design; Bering Sea; bottom trawl; marine fish habitats; natural disturbances; statistical power; storm effects; trawling effects ID RED KING CRAB; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICA; FISHING DISTURBANCE; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; BRISTOL BAY; HABITAT; IMPACTS; SEDIMENTS; ALASKA AB A Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a commercial bottom trawl on benthic invertebrates in a sandy and previously untrawled area of the eastern Bering Sea. Six pairs of experimental and control corridors were sampled with a research trawl before and after four consecutive tows with the commercial otter trawl. A major storm event occurred during the experiment, and it was possible to differentiate its effect from that of the trawling using the BACI model. Species composition changed very little; Asterias amurensis and Paralithodes camtschaticus comprised over 80% of the total invertebrate biomass (kg ha 21) during each year of the study. In general, the commercial trawl did not significantly affect the biomass of the benthic invertebrate populations. The trawling effect after 4-14 d was statistically significant in three of the 24 taxa that were analysed, which was, as expected, because of nothing more than random variation with alpha = 0.10. Biomass immediately after the trawling disturbance was lower for 15 of the taxa and higher for the other nine, with a median change of -14.2%. Similarly, the effect of trawling on invertebrate biomass after one year was not statistically significant for any of the taxonomic groups (p >= 0.23), indicating no evidence of a delayed response to the commercial-trawl disturbance. Further analysis suggests that storms have an overall greater effect on the benthos than do bottom trawls at this location. Both the numbers of taxa significantly affected by trawling and the storm (3 vs. 12), as well as the median sizes of these effects -14.2% vs. -22.0%), were greater for the storm event. Results from this study are combined with those from a related investigation of chronic trawling effects to propose an adaptive management strategy for the study region, including rotating area closures to mitigate for temporary trawling effects. C1 [McConnaughey, Robert A.; Syrjala, Stephen E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McConnaughey, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bob.mcconnaughey@noaa.gov FU Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX This research was supported by the Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2469 EP 2483 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu054 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3MQ UT WOS:000346191300011 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, T Vollset, KW Sundby, S Vikebo, F AF Kristiansen, T. Vollset, K. W. Sundby, S. Vikebo, F. TI Turbulence enhances feeding of larval cod at low prey densities SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behaviour; encounter rates; individual-based model; larval cod; trade-off; turbulence; vertical distribution ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; PLANKTON CONTACT RATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; GEORGES-BANK; GADUS-MORHUA; HABITAT SELECTION; INGESTION RATES; TRADE-OFF; FISH; GROWTH AB The ability of larval fish to find food successfully after hatching is critical for their growth and survival during the early life stages. However, the feeding ecology of larval fish is strongly dependent on prevailing physical and biological conditions. Small changes in the prey distribution, turbulence, light, and ocean temperature can affect larval survival probabilities. This study combined physical and biological observations collected from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning grounds from Lofoten, Norway, during the years 1991-1992 with an individual-based model (IBM) that is able to simulate behaviour, feeding, and growth. Observational data on the vertical distribution of larval cod revealed that they congregated at 10-25m during the day, although the highest abundance of prey was generally in the upper 10 m. Using the behavioural component of the IBM, we analysed the mechanistic interactions between larval bioenergetics and the physical-biological environment and compared modelled with observed vertical larval cod distribution. During periods of both low and high prey densities, turbulence had a significant impact on larval cod feeding and growth rates as well as on larval vertical distribution. At low prey abundance (<5 nauplii l(-1)), turbulence enhanced encounter rates were very important for sustaining ingestion and growth rates for first-feeding larval cod. Our results suggest that turbulence allowed larval cod to sustain high ingestion rates even deeper in the water column, where prey densities are usually lower. C1 [Kristiansen, T.; Sundby, S.; Vikebo, F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Kristiansen, T.; Sundby, S.; Vikebo, F.] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Vollset, K. W.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Kristiansen, T (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM trond.kristiansen@imr.no FU Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs FX This study was financially supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs funded project KILO. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 2515 EP 2529 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu051 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3MQ UT WOS:000346191300015 ER PT J AU Marro, J Okoro, C Obeng, Y Richardson, K AF Marro, James Okoro, Chukwudi Obeng, Yaw Richardson, Kathleen TI Defect and microstructural evolution in thermally cycled Cu through-silicon vias SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Through-silicon via; TSV; Copper; Void; Microstructure; Thermal Cycling ID FAILURE ANALYSIS; COPPER; TSV; WAFER AB In this study, the effect of thermal cycling on defect generation, microstructure, and RF signal integrity of blind Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs) were investigated. Three different thermal cycling profiles were used; each differentiated by their peak cycling temperature (100 degrees C, 150 degrees C, 200 degrees C) and the time needed to complete one cycle (cycle time). The study was performed on two Cu TSV wafer sample types; one containing large processing-induced voids (voided sample), the other without (non-voided sample). It was found that the RF signal return loss vertical bar S-11 vertical bar of the Cu TSVs increased upon thermal cycling for both the voided and the non-voided sample types. This was attributed to the increase in the void area due to the formation of new voids, rather than the growth of preexisting voids. On the other hand, the grain orientation and grain sizes of the Cu TSVs were found to be unaffected by all studied thermal cycling conditions and sample types. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marro, James; Richardson, Kathleen] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Glass Proc & Characterizat Lab, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Marro, James; Richardson, Kathleen] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marro, J (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Glass Proc & Characterizat Lab, Coll Opt & Photon, 4304 Scorpius St, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM jmarro@g.clemson.edu; chukwudi.okoro@nist.org; yaw.obeng@nist.org; kcr@creol.ucf.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division [60NANB12H016N] FX JM and KR would like to thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division Grant No. 60NANB12H016N for their support and funding. The guidance from Dr. Daniel Josell and Ms. Sandra Clagget in the cross-sectioning process for the Cu TSVs is also appreciated. We also thank Mr. Binayak Kandel (an APS summer intern at NIST) for technical assistance in data collection. Lastly, Clemson University's Advanced Materials Research Laboratory (AMRL) Electron Microscope (EM) lab helped facilitate the SEM and FIB studies. Our gratitude goes out to Dr. Taghi Darroudi for assistance in carrying out FIB analysis and Dr. JoAn Hudson and Mr. Donald Mulwee for their assistance at the EM lab. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2586 EP 2593 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2014.05.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AW3WB UT WOS:000346212900035 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JV Onsager, TG Heynderickx, D Jiggens, PTA AF Rodriguez, Juan V. Onsager, Terrance G. Heynderickx, Daniel Jiggens, Piers T. A. TI Meeting Report: Solar Energetic Particle Measurements Intercalibration Workshop, 11 April 2014, Boulder, Colorado SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE solar energetic particles; cross calibration; interoperability C1 [Rodriguez, Juan V.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Onsager, Terrance G.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heynderickx, Daniel] DH Consultancy BVBA, Leuven, Belgium. [Jiggens, Piers T. A.] ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Rodriguez, JV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM juan.rodriguez@noaa.gov; terry.onsager@noaa.gov; DHConsultancy@skynet.be; piers.jiggens@esa.int NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD NOV PY 2014 VL 12 IS 11 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1002/2014SW001134 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW5YJ UT WOS:000346346500001 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Nguyen, TM Pettibone, JM Hackley, VA AF Gigault, Julien Nguyen, Thao M. Pettibone, John M. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Accurate determination of the size distribution for polydisperse, cationic metallic nanomaterials by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Field flow fractionation; Selenium; Gold; CTAB; Calibration standard; Size characterization ID GOLD NANORODS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; SEPARATION; SCATTERING AB In this work we have developed and validated a methodology for determining the size distribution in polydisperse cationic nanoparticle (NP) samples using asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F), where known compositional influence of previously used calibrants was mitigated. Both the accurate determination of NP size distributions, in general, and the evaluation of cationic species with A4F have proved to be persistent analytical challenges, especially for strong, optically absorbing metallic NPs. In order to overcome these challenges, highly uniform and monomodal cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized SeNPs were prepared through a facile synthetic procedure and were further validated as an appropriate calibrant for cationic gold NPs based on their inherent optical properties and (nearly) identical retention behavior. Due to the uniform retention behavior resulting from the NP coating and narrow distribution (sigma(d) << diameter) of the calibrant, the contributions from sample polydispersity and instrumental broadening of the theoretical plate height, H, could be isolated and the size distribution determined. Although this has been demonstrated previously for macromolecules, to our knowledge the size distribution has not been reported and validated for NP analytes. Implementation of the calibrant in a polydisperse CTAB-coated AuNP sample demonstrates the capabilities of the current method and could be easily extended to other systems. Overall, the necessity of robust methods for size distribution determination are currently addressed that incorporate appropriate calibrants when light scattering methods are intractable, providing an alternative method in systems that are difficult with traditional microscopy approaches. C1 [Gigault, Julien; Nguyen, Thao M.; Pettibone, John M.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gigault, J (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Physico & Toxicochim Environm, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. EM julien.gigault@u-bordeaux.fr NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 2735 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2735-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX1GX UT WOS:000346696900066 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Rentz, NS AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Rentz, Nikki S. TI ATMP-stabilized iron nanoparticles: chelator-controlled nanoparticle synthesis SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aqueous synthesis; Chelator; Iron nanoparticles; Phosphonate; Zero valent iron ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CORE-SHELL; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS AB In this study, we characterize iron nanoparticles synthesized in water in the presence of a phosphonate chelator, amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP) for a range of molar ratios of ATMP to iron. An increase in the molar ratio from 0.05 to 0.8 decreases nanoparticle size from approximately 150 nm to less than 10 nm. Zeta potential measurements were used to evaluate colloidal stability. Zeta potential values varied as a function of pH, and zeta potential values decreased with increasing pH. At lower molar ratios of ATMP to iron, the zeta potential varied between 15 and -40 mV, passing through an isoelectric point at pH 7.5. At higher ratios, the zeta potential was negative across the measured pH range of 2-12 and varied from -2 to -55 mV. Diffraction analysis indicates that ATMP-stabilized iron nanoparticles may have a nano-crystalline structure, potentially with regions of amorphous iron. Characterization results of ATMP-stabilized iron nanoparticles are compared to results obtained for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized iron nanoparticles. CMC stabilization caused similar peak broadening in diffraction spectra as for ATMP, suggesting similar nano-crystalline/amorphous structure; however, an increase in the molar ratio of CMC to iron did not cause the same reduction in nanoparticle size as was observed for ATMP-stabilized iron nanoparticles. C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.; Rentz, Nikki S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Greenlee, LF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lfaygreenlee@gmail.com OI Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors acknowledge Justin M. Shaw for obtaining XRD data and Roy H. Geiss for TEM imaging. The authors acknowledge the Laboratory for Environmental and Geological Studies (LEGS) in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder for ICP-AES data. This research was performed while LFG held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 2712 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2712-8 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AX1GX UT WOS:000346696900048 ER PT J AU Leite, MS Abashin, M Lezec, HJ Gianfrancesco, A Talin, AA Zhitenev, NB AF Leite, Marina S. Abashin, Maxim Lezec, Henri J. Gianfrancesco, Anthony Talin, A. Alec Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Nanoscale Imaging of Photo current and Efficiency in CdTe Solar Cells SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE photovoltaics; CdTe; scanning photocurrent microscopy; solar cells; NSOM ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; DEVICES AB The local collection characteristics of grain interiors and grain boundaries in thin-film CdTe polycrystalline solar cells are investigated using scanning photocurrent microscopy. The carriers are locally generated by light injected through a small aperture (50-300 nm) of a near-field scanning optical microscope in an illumination mode. Possible influence of rough surface topography on light coupling is examined and eliminated by sculpting smooth wedges on the granular CdTe surface. By varying the wavelength of light, nanoscale spatial variations in external quantum efficiency are mapped. We find that the grain boundaries (GBs) are better current collectors than the grain interiors (GIs). The increased collection efficiency is caused by two distinct effects associated with the material composition of GBs. First, GBs are charged, and the corresponding built-in field facilitates the separation and the extraction of the photogenerated carriers. Second, the GB regions generate more photocurrent at long wavelength corresponding to the band edge, which can be caused by a smaller local band gap. Resolving carrier collection with nanoscale resolution in solar cell materials is crucial for optimizing the polycrystalline device performance through appropriate thermal processing and passivation of defects and surfaces. C1 [Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leite, Marina S.; Abashin, Maxim; Lezec, Henri J.; Gianfrancesco, Anthony; Talin, A. Alec; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leite, Marina S.; Abashin, Maxim] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leite, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mleite@umd.edu RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU University of Maryland through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank A. Band, M. Davanco, T. Land in, A. Myers, B. Nikoobakht, K. Srinivasan, J. Schumacher, K. Siebein, and all the CNST NanoFab staff. This work was partially supported by the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 10 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2014 VL 8 IS 11 BP 11883 EP 11890 DI 10.1021/nn5052585 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AU4BC UT WOS:000345553000096 PM 25317926 ER PT J AU Grapes, MD LaGrange, T Woll, K Reed, BW Campbell, GH Lavan, DA Weihs, TP AF Grapes, Michael D. LaGrange, Thomas Woll, Karsten Reed, Bryan W. Campbell, Geoffrey H. LaVan, David A. Weihs, Timothy P. TI In situ transmission electron microscopy investigation of the interfacial reaction between Ni and Al during rapid heating in a nanocalorimeter SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM REACTIONS; MEMS APPLICATIONS; PHASE; NUCLEATION; SILICON; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS; COUPLES; GROWTH; ISSUES AB The Al/Ni formation reaction is highly exothermic and of both scientific and technological significance. In this report, we study the evolution of intermetallic phases in this reaction at a heating rate of 830 K/s. 100-nm-thick Al/Ni bilayers were deposited onto nanocalorimeter sensors that enable the measurement of temperature and heat flow during rapid heating. Time-resolved transmission electron diffraction patterns captured simultaneously with thermal measurements allow us to identify the intermetallic phases present and reconstruct the phase transformation sequence as a function of time and temperature. The results show a mostly unaltered phase transformation sequence compared to lower heating rates. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Grapes, Michael D.; Woll, Karsten; Weihs, Timothy P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Grapes, Michael D.; LaVan, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LaGrange, Thomas; Reed, Bryan W.; Campbell, Geoffrey H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Woll, Karsten] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Grapes, MD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mgrapes1@jhu.edu; david.lavan@nist.gov; weihs@jhu.edu RI Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship student at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); NIST [70NANB9H9146]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1308966]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER46648]; U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [FWP SCW0974]; Open Access Promotion Fund of the Johns Hopkins University Libraries FX The authors are grateful to Bernadette Cannon for her help calibrating nanocalorimeter sensors during her time as a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship student at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). M.D.G. and T.P.W. were supported in part by NIST Grant No. 70NANB9H9146 and in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-1308966. M.D.G., K.W., and T.P.W. were supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER46648. Nanocalorimeter fabrication was performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology. The work presented in this article was conducted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) DTEM facility under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. The DTEM experiments conducted at LLNL and effort of T.L., B.W.R., and G.H.C. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under FWP SCW0974. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Since the completion of this work, T.L. and B.W.R. have become employees at Integrated Dynamic Electron Solutions, Inc., a start-up company marketing time-resolved electron microscope technology. Publication of this article was funded in part by the Open Access Promotion Fund of the Johns Hopkins University Libraries. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 2 IS 11 DI 10.1063/1.4900818 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU5HZ UT WOS:000345638800021 ER PT J AU Maruyama, S Anbusathaiah, V Fennell, A Enderle, M Takeuchi, I Ratcliff, WD AF Maruyama, Shingo Anbusathaiah, Varatharajan Fennell, Amy Enderle, Mechthild Takeuchi, Ichiro Ratcliff, William D. TI Change in the magnetic structure of (Bi,Sm) FeO3 thin films at the morphotropic phase boundary probed by neutron diffraction SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED BIFEO3; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RARE-EARTH; TRANSITIONS; POLARIMETRY AB We report on SrTiO3 substrates as a function of Sm doping. We determined the magnetic structure using neutron diffraction. We found that as Sm increases, the magnetic structure evolves from a cycloid to a G-type antiferromagnet at the morphotropic phase boundary, where there is a large piezoelectric response due to an electric-field induced structural transition. The occurrence of the magnetic structural transition at the morphotropic phase boundary offers another route towards room temperature multiferroic devices. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Maruyama, Shingo; Anbusathaiah, Varatharajan; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fennell, Amy] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Enderle, Mechthild] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Ratcliff, William D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ratcliff, WD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.ratcliff@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6177]; W.M. Keck Foundation FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and U.S. Department of Commerce through Grant No. 70NANB7H6177 and in providing neutron research facilities used in this work. The work was also supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation. Bayesian fitting of the polarized neutron diffraction data at NIST was done using BUMPS developed by Paul Kienzle (NIST). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 2 IS 11 AR 116106 DI 10.1063/1.4901294 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU5HZ UT WOS:000345638800025 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Bradley, RS Ning, L AF Diaz, Henry F. Bradley, Raymond S. Ning, Liang TI Climatic changes in mountain regions of the American Cordillera and the tropics: historical changes and future outlook SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; HIGH-ELEVATION SITES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; WATER-RESOURCES; NORTH-AMERICA; SNOW COVER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; GLACIERS; DROUGHT AB We review some recent work regarding climatic changes in selected mountain regions, with particular attention to the tropics and the American Cordillera. Key aspects of climatic variability and trends in these regions are the amplification of surface warming trends with height, and the strong modulation of temperature trends by tropical sea surface temperature, largely controlled by changes in El Nino-Southern Oscillation on multiple time scales. Corollary aspects of these climate trends include the increase in a critical plant growth temperature threshold, a rise in the freezing level surface, and the possibility of enhanced subtropical drying. Anthropogenic global warming projections indicate a strong likelihood for enhancement of these observed changes. C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bradley, Raymond S.; Ning, Liang] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 26 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.735 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AW3YR UT WOS:000346219500004 ER PT J AU Lomas, MW Stabeno, PJ AF Lomas, Michael W. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI An introduction to the Bering Sea Project: Volume III Introduction SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EASTERN; ECOSYSTEM; WARM C1 [Lomas, Michael W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lomas, MW (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. OI Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.09.004 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900001 ER PT J AU Ladd, C AF Ladd, Carol TI Seasonal and interannual variability of the Bering Slope Current SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Slope currents; Satellite altimetry; Surface topography ID SEA BASIN; CURRENT SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; ISLANDS; EDDIES; FIELD; EDDY AB Time series of sea-surface height anomalies derived from satellite altimeters and absolute dynamic topography are used to examine variability in the geostrophic surface currents in the Eastern Bering Sea. The data suggest that the primary source of water to the eastern boundary currents of the Bering Sea is flow from the North Pacific through Amukta Pass, an Aleutian pass located at similar to 172 degrees W. The Aleutian North Slope Current (ANSC) is strongest and most variable in the winter months. Upon turning the corner to feed the Bering Slope Current (BSC), the ANSC bifurcates, resulting in a westward flow at similar to 54 degrees N in addition to the northwestward flowing BSC. This westward countercurrent has not been previously observed. In the winter, the BSC flows strongly to the northwest and is located near the shelf-break. During the rest of the year, the mean flow is broadly northwestward, but weaker and farther from the shelf break. A continuous northwestward-flowing current is rarely observed in the altimetry data except during winter months, as it is overwhelmed by mesoscale variability. The strength of the BSC in winter is correlated with the Multivariate ENSO Index and the North Pacific Index on interannual timescales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU NSF [1107250] FX Discussions with P. Stabeno and A. Hermann are appreciated. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). Two anonymous reviews and a review and discussions with Seth Danielson resulted in a much improved paper. Support from NSF (Grant number 1107250) is gratefully acknowledged. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0795 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and PMEL contribution 3973. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 121. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.005 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900002 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Curchitser, E Ladd, C Stabeno, P Wang, M AF Cheng, Wei Curchitser, Enrique Ladd, Carol Stabeno, Phyllis Wang, Muyin TI Influences of sea ice on the Eastern Bering Sea: NCAR CESM simulations and comparison with observations SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Sea ice; Numerical models; Ocean temperature; Salinity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; SHELF; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; CCSM4; IMPACTS; PHYSICS; COVER AB We examine the influences of sea ice on the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) regional oceanography on seasonal and inter-annual time scales using the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Community Earth System Model (NCAR CESM) simulations, comparing the modeling results with satellite and in situ observations when possible. While the modeled mean seasonal cycle of ice cover in the EBS middle shelf is generally within the uncertainty range of satellite observations, in the northern domain (north of 59 degrees N), the simulation reaches its annual maximum in April instead of in March, as observed by satellite remote sensing; modeled ice reduction in late spring in the region is also slower than observations. Despite this bias, the simulation captures the observed seasonal transit of freshwater from the north to the south via ice advection; en route, the sea ice melts, cooling and freshening the local water column. On inter-annual time scales, modeling results suggest that extensive ice cover persisting into spring in the central EBS leads to cold anomalies in the bottom water, especially on the middle and inner shelves of the southern domain. The corresponding salinity anomalies are positive in the northern coastal domain, and weak but negative in the southern middle shelf. The associated 10-m ocean current anomalies are southward on the shelf and directed offshore in the slope region. Comparing years 1961-2005 versus years 2005-2050, the Probability Distribution Function of ice cover on the EBS middle shelf shifts northward by similar to 2 degrees latitude. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis; Wang, Muyin] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM wei.cheng@noaa.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU NPRB; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148] FX We thank W. Floering, C. Dewitt and S. McKeever for maintaining, deploying and recovering the instruments on the mooring, and D. Kachel, and P. Proctor for data processing. Support from NPRB and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program is gratefully acknowledged. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA100AR4320148, Contribution no. 2093. This is contribution FOCI-0806 to the Ecosystems & Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, No. 3995 to NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. This is the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 129, NPRB publication number 473. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.002 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ME Kachel, NB Mordy, CW Salo, SA Stabeno, PJ AF Sullivan, Margaret E. Kachel, Nancy B. Mordy, Calvin W. Salo, Sigrid A. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Sea ice and water column structure on the eastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Sea ice; Ocean temperature; Salinity; Ocean currents; Stratification; Ice melt ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VARIABILITY; NORTHERN; PACIFIC; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; SALINITY; DYNAMICS AB Seasonal sea ice is a defining characteristic of the eastern Bering Sea shelf, and plays a critical role in determining the vertical structure of temperature and salinity over this shelf. Ice movement relative to local winds, ice composition, and the impact of both arrival and retreat of ice on the water column at four mooring sites over the middle shelf are examined. Ice forms primarily in coastal regions and is advected over the southern and outer shelves. Ice drift from satellite data for two representative years, 2003 and 2007, was similar to 2% of local NCEP wind speed and oriented 44 degrees to the right of the winds (r(2)=0.25). Measurements from 30 ice cores collected in 2006-2009 gave an average salinity of 5.62 +/- 0.88, and an average nitrate concentration of 0.99 +/- 0.83 mu M. Time series data collected at the biophysical moorings in the Bering Sea (1995-2012) were used to explore the evolution of the water column under ice. At the northern mooring, M8, the water column had mixed and cooled to similar to -1 degrees C prior to the arrival of ice. Little melt occurred after ice arrival. At the other three moorings, the ocean temperature was 2-4 degrees C when ice arrived, resulting in extensive melt. Melting ice freshened and cooled the upper water column, resulting in stratification, which persisted for 10-25 days. Wind-induced water-column mixing occurred more slowly under the ice than in ice-free waters. An estimated 1.4 m of ice melted with the first arrival of ice at the three southern moorings where the latent heat of fusion accounted for approximately half the observed cooling. During ice retreat, there appeared to be little ice melt around the southern two moorings, but an estimated 0.8 m at M5 and M8. The extent of ice melt sets up the water column for the following summer. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, Margaret E.; Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Sullivan, Margaret E.; Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.; Salo, Sigrid A.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sullivan, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM msulliva@u.washington.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [B52]; National Science Foundation [0732430, 1107250, 0813985]; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program; University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA100AR4320148] FX We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ships Miller Freeman and Oscar Dyson, U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy, and R/V Thomas G. Thompson for the invaluable assistance in making these oceanographic measurements. Special thanks go to the personnel who collected the ice cores including E. Coke let, D. Kachel, P. Proctor, and J. Cross, and to members of the National Marine Mammal Lab during the 2006 ice cruise. We thank W. Floering, C. Dewitt, and S. McKeever for maintaining, deploying, and recovering the instruments on the mooring; D. Kachel and P. Proctor for processing the mooring and shipboard measurements; P. Proctor for nutrient analysis on some samples; and A. Hermann for comparison of ice drift data to interpolated NCEP winds. Graphics were provided by K. Birchfield. This research was funded by Grants from The North Pacific Research Board (Grant B52) and the National Science Foundation (Grants 0732430, 1107250, and 0813985), and with support from NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program. This publication was partially funded by the University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA100AR4320148, and is contribution EcoFOCI-0802 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2157 to JISAO, contribution 3975 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 137, and NPRB publication number 482. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA's Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.009 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900005 ER PT J AU Stauffer, BA Goes, JI Mckee, KT Gomes, HD Stabeno, PJ AF Stauffer, Beth A. Goes, Joaquim I. Mckee, Kali T. Gomes, Helga do Rosario Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Comparison of spring-time phytoplankton community composition in two cold years from the western Gulf of Alaska into the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Community composition; Phytoplankton; Climatic changes; Food webs; Marine ecology ID NORTH PACIFIC; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; PHAEOCYSTIS; CLIMATE; ICE AB The Bering Sea is a highly productive ecosystem providing the main oceanographic connection between the North Pacific and Arctic oceans. The atmospheric connection with the Arctic Ocean leads to seasonal sea ice formation in the Bering Sea, the areal extent and timing of retreat of which have important implications for primary productivity and phytoplankton community composition in this region. Hydrographic data from cruises and satellite sea ice and sea surface temperature data in spring 2011 and 2012 suggest classification of these years as relatively warmer and colder years, respectively. Locations in the western Gulf of Alaska (Pavlof Bay), at the north end of an eastern pass through the Aleutian Islands (Unimak Pass), and on the continental shelf of the Bering Sea (M2) were visited in both years. Stratification was apparent on the shelf in 2012, while the water column was comparatively well-mixed at other locations in both years. Phytoplankton biomass was highest in 2011 overall and specifically on the shelf in both years, while minimal biomass was measured within the well-mixed Unimak Pass in 2012. Surface phytoplankton size distributions included substantial contributions of picoplankton (< 3 mu m) in 2011 (21-35%), while micro-(20-200 mu m) and nanoplankton (3-20 mu m) comprised 79% and 95% of biomass in Pavlof Bay and at M2, respectively, in 2012. Analyses of similarity revealed spatial variability in the phytoplankton assemblages within each year (2011: R=0.588, p < 0.004; 2012: R=0.646, p < 0.004). Additionally, between-year variability had a strong and significant effect on differences between assemblages across all locations (R=0.579, p < 0.0003), likely masking differences between sites when years were grouped (R=0.134, p < 0.079). These differences were likely driven by the dominance (up to 75% in Unimak Pass) of the colonial prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. at all sites in 2011, resulting in reduced community diversity, compared to more widespread abundance of large diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira, Thalassiothrix, and Chaetoceros in 2012. The current study shows that within-regime differences in phytoplankton community composition between years can be almost as great as that between locations with vastly different oceanographic settings. High between-and multi-year variability may combine with a potential overall decline in sea ice in the Bering Sea to produce significant changes in the productive base of the food web with potential cascading effects on higher, economically and ecologically important trophic levels. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stauffer, Beth A.; Goes, Joaquim I.; Mckee, Kali T.; Gomes, Helga do Rosario] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol & Paleo Environm, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stauffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM stauffer@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AP10G, NNX11AP28G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Eco-FOCI project FX This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 130. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants # NNX10AP10G and NNX11AP28G), and space aboard the R/V Oscar Dyson was generously provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in concert with the Eco-FOCI project. The authors thank K. Keebler for field assistance, J.M. Rose NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.007 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900006 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Stabeno, PJ Eisner, LB Napp, JM Mueter, FJ AF Sigler, Michael F. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Eisner, Lisa B. Napp, Jeffrey M. Mueter, Franz J. TI Spring and fall phytoplankton blooms in a productive subarctic ecosystem, the eastern Bering Sea, during 1995-2011 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton bloom; Spring; Fall; Bering Sea; Climate; Zooplankton ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE SHELF; ICE ALGAE; NORTHERN; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; SEDIMENTATION; REANALYSIS; DYNAMICS AB The timing and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms in subarctic ecosystems often strongly influence the amount of energy that is transferred through subsequent trophic pathways. In the eastern Bering Sea, spring bloom timing has been linked to ice retreat timing and production of zooplankton and fish. A large part of the eastern Bering Sea shelf (similar to 500 km wide) is ice-covered during winter and spring. Four oceanographic moorings have been deployed along the 70-m depth contour of the eastern Bering Sea shelf with the southern location occupied annually since 1995, the two northern locations since 2004 and the remaining location since 2001. Chlorophyll a fluorescence data from the four moorings provide 37 realizations of a spring bloom and 33 realizations of a fall bloom. We found that in the eastern Bering Sea: if ice was present after mid-March, spring bloom timing was related to ice retreat timing (p < 0.001, df=1, 24); if ice was absent or retreated before mid-March, a spring bloom usually occurred in May or early June (average day 148, SE=3.5, n=11). A fall bloom also commonly occurred, usually in late September (average day 274, SE=4.2, n=33), and its timing was not significantly related to the timing of storms (p=0.88, df= 1, 27) or fall water column overturn (p = 0.49, df=1, 27). The magnitudes of the spring and fall blooms were correlated (p=0.011, df=28). The interval between the spring and fall blooms varied between four to six months depending on year and location. We present a hypothesis to explain how the large crustacean zooplankton taxa Calanus spp. likely respond to variation in the interval between blooms (spring to fall and fall to spring). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.; Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Oceans, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov; phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov; lisa.eisner@noaa.gov; jeff.napp@noaa.gov; fmueter@alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP); Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations programs FX We thank D. Kachel for data analysis, S. Salo for providing the ice data and W. Floering and C. Dewitt for deploying and recovering the moorings. We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ships Miller Freeman and Oscar Dyson for their invaluable assistance in deploying and recovering the moorings. We thank Zach Brown, Rolf Gradinger, Mike Lomas and one anonymous reviewer whose comments improved our manuscript. The research was generously supported by the North Pacific Research Board and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations programs. This is BEST-BSIERP publication no. 122 and NPRB publication no. 459. This is contribution FOCI-B807 to the Ecosystems 82 Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and 3953 to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service or Oceans and Atmospheric Research. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.007 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900007 ER PT J AU Goes, JI Gothes, HDR Haugen, EM McKee, KT D'Sa, EJ Chekalyuk, AM Stoecker, DK Stabeno, PJ Saitoh, S Sambrotto, RN AF Goes, Joaquim I. Gothes, Helga do Rosario Haugen, Elin M. McKee, Kali T. D'Sa, Eurico J. Chekalyuk, Alexander M. Stoecker, Diane K. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Saitoh, Sei-Ichi Sambrotto, Raymond N. TI Fluorescence, pigment and microscopic characterization of Bering Sea phytoplankton community structure and photosynthetic competency in the presence of a Cold Pool during summer SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Phytoplankton; Taxonomy; Diversity; Sea-ice; Salinity; Temperature; Nutrients ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; HPLC MEASUREMENTS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CLASS ABUNDANCES; GREEN BELT; SHELF-EDGE; SOUTHEASTERN; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Spectral fluorescence measurements of phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl a), phytoplanlcton phycobilipigments and variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm), are utilized with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) estimates of phytoplankton pigments and microscopic cells counts to construct a comprehensive picture of summer-time phytoplankton communities and their photosynthetic competency in the eastern Bering Sea shelf. Although the Bering Sea was ice-free during our study, the exceptionally cold winter that preceded the summer of 2008 when our cruise took place, facilitated the formation of a "Cold Pool" ( < 2 degrees C) and its entrapment at depth in the northern middle shelf. The presence of a strong pycnocline over the entire middle and outer shelves restricted inorganic nutrient fluxes into the surface waters resulting in phytoplankton populations that were photo-physiologically stressed due to nutrient limitation. Elevated Chl a concentrations recorded in the Green Belt along the shelf edge of the Bering Sea, were due to Phaeogstis pouchetii and nano-sized cryptophytes. Although inorganic nutrients were not limiting in the Green Belt, Fv/Fm values were low in all probability due to iron limitation. Phytoplankton communities in the low biomass surface waters of the middle shelf were comprised of prasinophytes, haptophytes, cryptophytes and diatoms. In the northern part of the middle shelf, a sinking bloom made up of the centric diatoms Chaeotoceros socialis, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii and Porosira glacialis was located above the Cold Pool. The high biomass associated with this senescent bloom and its accretion above the pycnocline, suggests that the Cold Pool acts as a barrier, preventing sinking phytoplankton from reaching the bottom where they can become available to benthic organisms. We further posit that if summer-time storms are not energetic enough and the Cold Pool is not eroded, its presence facilitates the transfer of the large spring phytoplankton bloom to the pelagic ecosystem. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goes, Joaquim I.; Gothes, Helga do Rosario; McKee, Kali T.; Chekalyuk, Alexander M.; Sambrotto, Raymond N.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Haugen, Elin M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay Harbor, Maine, ME 04544 USA. [D'Sa, Eurico J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stoecker, Diane K.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Saitoh, Sei-Ichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Goes, JI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM jig@ldeo.columbia.edu RI stoecker, diane/F-9341-2013 FU NASA [NNX11AP28G, NNX10AP10G] FX This study is being funded by NASA grants NNX11AP28G and NNX10AP10G. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation and to the North Pacific Research Board for permission to join the BEST/BSIERP multi-disciplinary cruises. Hydrological and chemical data utilized in this study was collected by NOAA, PMEL. We are especially grateful to William Floering of the NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and to Calvin Mordy of the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere, University of Washington for their help during the cruise. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 119 and Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University publication number 7752. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 84 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.004 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900008 ER PT J AU Cross, JN Mathis, JT Lomas, MW Moran, SB Baumann, MS Shull, DH Mordy, CW Ostendorf, ML Bates, NR Stabeno, PJ Grebmeier, JM AF Cross, Jessica N. Mathis, Jeremy T. Lomas, Michael W. Moran, S. Bradley Baumann, Matthew S. Shull, David H. Mordy, Calvin W. Ostendorf, Morgan L. Bates, Nicholas R. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. TI Integrated assessment of the carbon budget in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Carbon budget; Biogeochemistry; Bering Ecosystem Study ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; SPRING BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE SHELF; ICE EDGE; ECOSYSTEM AB During the primary field program for the Bering Ecosystem Study (2008-2010), independent seasonal estimates of net primary production (NPP), net community production (NCP), vertical export production (C-exp), and benthic carbon consumption (BCC) were used to construct a shelf-wide carbon budget for the southeastern Bering Sea. Here, we quantify the annual production, utilization, and transport of NPP for the southeastern shelf region of the Bering Sea (spatially partitioned into Outer, Middle, and Coastal Domains). We observed that approximately 25% and 30% of NPP on the shelf is exported horizontally from the Middle and Outer Domains, respectively. This horizontal transport was the dominant mode of carbon export in the Outer Domain, exceeding C-exp by more than 30 g C m(-2) yr(-1) (99 g C m(-2) yr(-1) compared to 67 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively). In the Middle Domain, C-exp was more prominent than lateral transport (65 g C m(-2) Yr(-1) and 46 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively), and vertically exported carbon was more efficiently recycled in this Domain than in the Outer Domain (53% and 32% of C-exp respectively). In the Coastal Domain, lateral transport was a source of carbon to the bottom layer, with estimated input of carbon exceeding NPP by as much as 54 g C m(-2) yr(-1). While the source of this additional carbon is unknown, one possible source is transport from the Middle Domain during wind events that induce coastal convergence. Overall, the combined carbon reservoir attributed to burial and transport in the Middle and Outer Domains is similar to a previous budget for this region (47%; Walsh and McRoy, 1986), although some qualitative differences are apparent. The data presented here indicate a more pelagic character in the Outer Domain relative to the Middle Domain, and that the Middle and Coastal Domain carbon budgets are balanced only when combined. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cross, Jessica N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Mordy, Calvin W.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lomas, Michael W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Moran, S. Bradley; Baumann, Matthew S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02992 USA. [Shull, David H.] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.; Ostendorf, Morgan L.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Cross, JN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 Oneill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jncross@alaska.edu; jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov; mlomas@bigelow.org; sbmoran@mail.uri.edu; matthew.baumann@my.uri.edu; david.shull@wwu.edu; mordy@uw.edu; morgan.ostendorf@noaa.gov; nick.bates@bios.edu; phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov; jgrebmei@umces.edu OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU National Science Foundation; North Pacific Research Board; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107997, ARC-0732359, ARC-1106910, ARC-0732680, PLR-1107250]; North Pacific Research Board [NPRB-B56]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX The authors thank the officers and crew of USCGC Healy, R/V Knorr, and R/V Thomas G. Thompson, as well as Scott Hiller of SIO, Steve Roberts of UCAR, and the hydrographic team from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for their work in tirelessly supporting our science during multiple cruises. We also thank Ray Sambrotto for the provision of unpublished data for reference during this work. Lastly, we thank the Science Advisory Board, the data management team, and our colleagues in the Bering Sea Project, supported by the National Science Foundation and the North Pacific Research Board. The synthesis presented in this paper was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants ARC-1107997 to JTM, ARC-0732359 and ARC-1106910 to MWL, ARC-0732680 to SBM, PLR-1107250 to CWM, and Grant NPRB-B56 to SBM from the North Pacific Research Board. Partial funding for this project was also provided by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. This work is contribution EcoFOCI-0808 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2180 to JISAO, contribution 3914 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, publication 124 of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project and publication 464 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900010 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cross, JN Monacci, N Feely, RA Stabeno, P AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Cross, Jessica N. Monacci, Natalie Feely, Richard A. Stabeno, Phyllis TI Evidence of prolonged aragonite undersaturations in the bottom waters of the southern Bering Sea shelf from autonomous sensors SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Carbon cycle; Ocean acidification; Carbonate mineral saturation state ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; WALLEYE POLLOCK; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; INORGANIC CARBON; CHUKCHI SEAS; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; SEAWATER AB The southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea is a dynamic area that experiences seasonal variability in primary production and remineralization of organic matter, both of which control the carbon biogeochemistry of the water column. Surface-water partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) is greatly reduced in summer by biological production, which increases carbonate mineral saturation states (Omega). In contrast, the export of large quantities of organic matter from surface blooms drives an active remineralization loop that sharply increases pCO(2) near the bottom, lowering pH and suppressing Omega. New observations from moored biogeochemical sensors in 2011 showed that seasonal net community production lowers surface-water pCO(2), causing large gradients between the ocean and atmosphere that are sustained throughout the summer, confirming that these waters likely remain supersaturated with respect to aragonite throughout the open water season. On the other hand, moored sensors deployed near the bottom showed that pCO(2) levels exceed 500 mu atm by early June and remain at these high levels well into the autumn months, indicating that the bottom waters are likely continuously undersaturated in aragonite for at least several months during each year. Only a small fraction of the increased pCO(2) can currently be attributed to the intrusion of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, while the majority is due to natural respiration processes. The biological impacts, along with the timing and duration of these undersaturation events, could play a role in the development of larval and juvenile calcifiers in the region and will change as anthropogenic CO2 concentrations continue to rise. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Feely, Richard A.; Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.; Monacci, Natalie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905 FU Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA [A08NOS4730406, NA11NOS0120020]; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; NOAA [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; National Science Foundation [ARC-1107997]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; PMEL's EcoFOCI program; North Pacific Research Board, BSIERP Grant [B-52] FX The authors thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Fisheries Vessel Oscar Dyson for their efforts in supporting our work. We also thank the EcoFOCI group, especially Bill Floering from NOAA-PMEL for their efforts. The work presented in this paper was supported by the Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA awards A08NOS4730406 and NA11NOS0120020, the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from NOAA under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska, the National Science Foundation through award ARC-1107997 and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. Support for M2 was provided by PMEL's EcoFOCI program and by North Pacific Research Board, BSIERP Grant B-52. This is NPRB publication number 437 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 106. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.019 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900011 ER PT J AU Eisner, LB Napp, JM Mier, KL Pinchuk, AI Andrews, AG AF Eisner, Lisa B. Napp, Jeffrey M. Mier, Kathryn L. Pinchuk, Alexei I. Andrews, Alexander G., III TI Climate-mediated changes in zooplankton community structure for the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Community structure; Climate change; Eastern Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; CALANUS-MARSHALLAE; POTENTIAL IMPACT; SHELF; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; ABUNDANCE; COPEPODS AB Zooplankton are critical to energy transfer between higher and lower trophic levels in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Previous studies from the southeastern Bering Sea shelf documented substantial differences in zooplankton taxa in the Middle and Inner Shelf Domains between warm and cold years. Our investigation expands this analysis into the northern Bering Sea and the south Outer Domain, looking at zooplankton community structure during a period of climate-mediated, large-scale change. Elevated air temperatures in the early 2000s resulted in regional warming and low sea-ice extent in the southern shelf whereas the late 2000s were characterized by cold winters, extensive spring sea ice, and a well-developed pool of cold water over the entire Middle Domain. The abundance of large zooplankton taxa such as Calanus spp. (C. marshallae and C. glacialis), and Parasagitta elegans, increased from warm to cold periods, while the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidaria) and small taxa decreased. Biomass followed the same trends as abundance, except that the biomass of small taxa in the southeastern Bering Sea remained constant due to changes in abundance of small copepod taxa (increases in Acartia spp. and Pseudocalanus spp. and decreases in Oithona spp.). Statistically significant changes in zooplankton community structure and individual species were greatest in the Middle Domain, but were evident in all shelf domains, and in both the northern and southern portions of the eastern shelf. Changes in community structure did not occur abruptly during the transition from warm to cold, but seemed to begin gradually and build as the influence of the sea ice and cold water temperatures persisted. The change occurred one year earlier in the northern than the southern Middle Shelf. These and previous observations demonstrate that lower trophic levels within the eastern Bering Sea respond to climate-mediated changes on a variety of time scales, including those shorter than the commonly accepted quasi-decadal time periods. This lack of resilience or inertia at the lowest trophic levels affects production at higher trophic levels and must be considered in management strategy evaluations of living marine resources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eisner, Lisa B.; Napp, Jeffrey M.; Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Andrews, Alexander G., III] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Eisner, LB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Lisa.Eisner@NOAA.gov; Jeff.Napp@NOAA.gov; Kathy.Mier@NOAA.gov; aipinchuk@alaslca.edu; Alex.Andrews@NOAA.gov FU North Pacific Research Board; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Fisheries and the Environment (FATE); North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) programs FX We thank the captain and crews of the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson, and charter vessels, Sea Storm, NW Explorer, and Epic Explorer, for their years of hard work and diligence on our surveys. We are grateful for the assistance in field sampling, data processing and analysis from NOAA scientific staff and volunteers. In particular we would like to thank K. Cieciel, J. Gann and F. Van Tulder for sampling, processing and database maintenance of oceanographic data, M. Auburn-Cook, M. Courtney, A. Feldman, E. Farley, J. Murphy and B. Wing for the many years of survey participation and assistance with zooplankton collection and processing. We are deeply appreciative of the TINRO scientists, in particular N. Kuznetseva and A. Volkov, who conducted the onboard taxonomic analysis of Juday samples. We thank K. Coyle and his lab for assistance and guidance regarding zooplankton sampling and analysis, as well as the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center for their contributions to the early part of this time series. K. Coyle also provided insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We greatly appreciate the helpful comments from the three anonymous reviewers and the journal editor, C. Ashjian. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board, Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative, and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service including the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) and the North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) programs. This is contribution FOCI-0807 to NOAA's Ecosystems Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, publication 123 for BEST/BSIERP and publication 460 for the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB). NR 74 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900014 ER PT J AU Strasburger, WW Hillgruber, N Pinchuk, AI Mueter, FJ AF Strasburger, Wesley W. Hillgruber, Nicola Pinchuk, Alexei I. Mueter, Franz J. TI Feeding ecology of age-0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Pacific cod; Dietary composition; Feeding success; Southeastern Bering Sea; Larvae; Juveniles ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREY SELECTION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY ALLOCATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PRIBILOF ISLANDS AB Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) are of particular economic and ecological importance in the southeastern Bering Sea. The spatial and temporal overlap of early life stages of both species may explain their strongly correlated recruitment trends. Pelagic larvae and juveniles were collected during four research cruises in May, July and September of 2008, an exceptionally cold year, and their stomach contents were examined. Feeding success and diet composition of walleye pollock and Pacific cod were consistently different in spring, summer, and fall. Pacific cod larvae and juveniles always consumed larger and progressively fewer prey items per stomach than walleye pollock; this difference was particularly pronounced in the fall. Our data suggest that co-occurring early life stages of walleye pollock and Pacific cod were dividing prey resources rather than competing for them, at least during the exceptionally cold conditions in 2008 in the southeastern Bering Sea. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Strasburger, Wesley W.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Strasburger, Wesley W.] Dept Commerce, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola; Pinchuk, Alexei I.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Thunen Inst Fisheries Ecol, D-22926 Ahrensburg, Germany. RP Strasburger, WW (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM wes.strasburger@noaa.gov; nhillgruber@alaska.edu; aipinchuk@alaska.edu; fmueter@alaska.edu FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center [G00005507] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center Grant no. G00005507 (PI: Dr. Nicola Hillgruber). This study would not have been possible without the generous donation of samples and data from colleagues of the Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (FOCI) at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, the Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST, NSF) and the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Project (BSIERP, NPRB) cooperatives, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) program at the Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute (TSMRI), NOAA. I would also like to thank Elizabeth Siddon for numerous editorial suggestions, Dr. Sherry Tamone for the use of laboratory equipment, and Emily Fergusson for guidance in age-0 diet protocols and equipment. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication no. 116, NPRB publication no. 450. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.10.007 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900015 ER PT J AU De Forest, L Duffy-Anderson, JT Heintz, RA Matarese, AC Siddon, EC Smart, TI Spies, IB AF De Forest, Lisa Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Heintz, R. A. Matarese, A. C. Siddon, E. C. Smart, T. I. Spies, I. B. TI Taxonomy of the early life stages of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A-evermanni) in the eastern Bering Sea, with notes on distribution and condition SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arrowtooth flounder; Kamchatka flounder; Atheresthes; Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; IDENTIFICATION; ZOOPLANKTON; COI AB Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A. evermanni) are closely related flatfish species that co-occur in the eastern Bering Sea. As adults, arrowtooth flounder can be distinguished from Kamchatka flounder; however, larvae and early juveniles can only be indentified to the genus level due to morphological similarities. This has precluded studies of ecology for the early life stages of both species in the eastern Bering Sea. In this study, we developed a generic technique to identify the larvae and early juveniles of the two species using mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Genetically identified specimens were then examined to determine a visual identification method based on pigment patterns and morphology. Specimens 6.0-12.0 mm SL and >= 18.0 mm SL can be identified to the species level, but species identification of individuals 12.1-17.9 mm SL by visual means alone remains elusive. The distribution of larvae (< 25.0 mm SL) of both arrowtooth flounder and Kamchatka flounder is similar in the eastern Bering Sea; however, juvenile (>= 25.0 mm SL) Kamchatka flounder occur closer to the shelf break and in deeper water than juvenile arrowtooth flounder. Condition was determined for larvae and juveniles of each species by analyzing lipid content (%) and energy density (KJ/g dry mass). Kamchatka flounder larvae on average had higher lipid content than arrowtooth flounder larvae, but were also larger on average than arrowtooth flounder larvae in the summer. When corrected for length, both species had similar lipid content in the larval and juvenile stages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De Forest, Lisa; Duffy-Anderson, J. T.; Matarese, A. C.; Smart, T. I.; Spies, I. B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Heintz, R. A.; Siddon, E. C.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP De Forest, L (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Lisa.DeForest@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.005 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900016 ER PT J AU Vestfals, CD Ciannelli, L Duffy-Anderson, JT Ladd, C AF Vestfals, Cathleen D. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Ladd, Carol TI Effects of seasonal and interannual variability in along-shelf and cross-shelf transport on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Variability; Ocean currents; Slope; Along-shelf; Cross-shelf; Transport; Groundfish; Recruitment ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; PRIBILOF ISLANDS AB The Bering Sea responds rapidly to atmospheric perturbations and over the past several decades has experienced extreme variability in both its physical and biological characteristics. These changes can impact organisms that inhabit the region, particularly marine fishes, as normal current patterns to which reproductive habits are tuned can be disrupted, which, in turn, may influence recruitment and population dynamics. To understand the influence of ocean circulation on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea, we examined transport along and across the Bering Slope derived from 23 years (1982-2004) of simulations from a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) ocean circulation model. We expected that changes in the strength and position of the Bering Slope Current (BSC) would affect recruitment in selected species (Pacific cod, walleye pollock, Greenland halibut, Pacific halibut, and arrowtooth flounder), and that circulation features along and across the shelf edge would be strongly influenced by atmospheric forcing. Variability in along-shelf transport at three transects along the path of the BSC, cross-shelf transport across the 100 and 200 m isobaths, and transport through Unimak Pass were examined. Strong seasonal and interannual variations in flow were observed, with transport typically highest during fall and winter months, coinciding with timing of spawning activity in the five species. Significant correlations were found between transport, BSC position, and groundfish recruitment. Pacific cod, in particular, benefitted from decreased along-shelf and on-shelf flow, while Pacific halibut recruitment increased in relation to increased on-shelf transport through southern canyons. The results of this study improve our understanding of variability in circulation and associated effects on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vestfals, Cathleen D.; Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vestfals, CD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM vestfals@coas.oregonstate.edu; lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu; janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov; carol.ladd@noaa.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU National Science Foundation (NSF-CMG) [0934961]; North Pacific Research Board [905] FX This research was supported by Grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF-CMG grant 0934961) and the North Pacific Research Board (Project 905). We are grateful to Kate Hedstrom and Enrique Curchitser, who were instrumental in creating the NEP ROMS circulation model and Al Hermann for discussions of circulation model results. The authors wish to acknowledge NPCREP and use of the Ferret program for analysis in this paper. Ferret is a product of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. We would like to thank E.D. Cokelet and Wei Cheng for help with Ferret and the ROMS output, as well as Mary Hunsicker, Jeff Napp, Colleen Petrik, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0782 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, NPRB publication number 445, and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 114. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 190 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.026 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900017 ER PT J AU Neidetcher, SK Hurst, TP Ciannelli, L Logerwell, EA AF Neidetcher, Sandra K. Hurst, Thomas P. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Logerwell, Elizabeth A. TI Spawning phenology and geography of Aleutian Islands and eastern Bering Sea Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pacific cod; Gadus macrocephalus; Reproductive maturity; Spawning grounds; Phenology; Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea ID REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; FISHES; VARIABILITY; MATURATION; PATTERNS; ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; ADJACENT AB Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is an economically and ecologically important species in the southeastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, yet little is known about the spawning dynamics of Pacific cod in these regions. To address this knowledge gap, we applied a gross anatomical maturity key for Pacific cod to describe temporal and spatial patterns of reproductive status over three winter spawning seasons: 2005, 2006, and 2007. Maturity status of female Pacific cod was assessed by fishery observers during sampling of commercial catches and used to construct maps showing spawning activity in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. Most spawning activity was observed on the Bering Sea shelf and Aleutian Island plateaus between 100 and 200 m depth. Data for those days when a high percentage of spawning stage fish were observed were used to identify areas with concentrations of spawning fish. Spawning concentrations were identified north of Unimak Island, in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands, at the shelf break near Zhemchug Canyon, and adjacent to islands in the central and western Aleutian Islands along the continental shelf. The spawning season was found to begin in the last days of February or early March and extend through early to mid-April. Variation in spawning time (averaging similar to 10 days between years) may have been associated with a change from warm (2005) to cold (2007) climate conditions during the study period. Our information on Pacific cod spawning patterns will help inform fishery management decisions, models of spawning and larval dispersal and the spatial structure of the stock. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Neidetcher, Sandra K.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Fishery Interact Team, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fishery Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fishery Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Neidetcher, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Interact Team, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fishery Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sandi.Neidetcher@noaa.gov FU NPRN BSIERP program [B60]; NFS-CMG [0934691]; North Pacific Research Board [618] FX We thank the AFSC Observer Program and individual observers for their effort in data collections and for their valuable feedback from the field. Guidance in collection methods was provided by E. Connors, P. Munro, K Rand, and D. Reece. LC acknowledges support from the NPRN BSIERP program (Project B60) and from NFS-CMG Grant 0934691. Helpful comments regarding content and editing was provided by G. Thompson, C. Ryer, and E. Dever. This research was supported in part by a Grant from the North Pacific Research Board (no. 618). We thank reviewers S. McDermott and J. Stark. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This is publication number 117 of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project and publication number 453 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.12.006 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900018 ER PT J AU Baker, MR Hollowed, AB AF Baker, Matthew R. Hollowed, Anne B. TI Delineating ecological regions in marine systems: Integrating physical structure and community composition to inform spatial management in the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Community ecology; Ecoregions; Fisheries management ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RANDOM FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INNER FRONT; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN AB Characterizing spatial structure and delineating meaningful spatial boundaries have useful applications to understanding regional dynamics in marine systems, and are integral to ecosystem approaches to fisheries management. Physical structure and drivers combine with biological responses and interactions to organize marine systems in unique ways at multiple scales. We apply multivariate statistical methods to define spatially coherent ecological units or ecoregions in the eastern Bering Sea. We also illustrate a practical approach to integrate data on species distribution, habitat structure and physical forcing mechanisms to distinguish areas with distinct biogeography as one means to define management units in large marine ecosystems. We use random forests to quantify the relative importance of habitat and environmental variables to the distribution of individual species, and to quantify shifts in multispecies assemblages or community composition along environmental gradients. Threshold shifts in community composition are used to identify regions with distinct physical and biological attributes, and to evaluate the relative importance of predictor variables to determining regional boundaries. Depth, bottom temperature and frontal boundaries were dominant factors delineating distinct biological communities in this system, with a latitudinal divide at approximately 60 degrees N. Our results indicate that distinct climatic periods will shift habitat gradients and that dynamic physical variables such as temperature and stratification are important to understanding temporal stability of ecoregion boundaries. We note distinct distribution patterns among functional guilds and also evidence for resource partitioning among individual species within each guild. By integrating physical and biological data to determine spatial patterns in community composition, we partition ecosystems along ecologically significant gradients. This may provide a basis for defining spatial management units or serve as a baseline index for analyses of structural shifts in the physical environment, species abundance and distribution, and community dynamics over time. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Matthew R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Baker, Matthew R.; Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA Fisheries, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baker, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Matthew.Baker@noaa.gov; Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov FU NOAA Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) grant; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2136]; North Pacific Research Board [127, 469] FX We greatly appreciate the advice and guidance provided by R. Hilborn and M. E. Clarke in developing the ideas in this manuscript. We thank B. Lauth, J. Hoff, T. Buckley and L Eisner for access to data and consultation, and acknowledge the efforts of the scientists and crew of NOAA survey vessels F/V Aldebaran, F/V Northern Explorer, F/V Sea Storm and F/V Epic Explorer. We thank K. Beame and A. Grieg for technical support. We also greatly appreciate the advice and counsel of R. Bell, T. Branch, J. Collie, T. Essington, K. Holsman, G. Hunt, S. Kotwicki, B. McConnaughey, F. Mueter, I. Ortiz, J. Overland, P. Spencer, and S. Zador, which contributed to the development and execution of these analyses. We also thank L. Ciannelli and three anonymous reviewers and guest editors J. Napp, P. Stabeno for significant insight and improvement to the final manuscript. This research was supported by a NOAA Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) grant and partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2136. This publication also built on and contributed to BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project research (Publication No. 127) coordinated by the North Pacific Research Board (Publication No. 469). The findings and conclusions of this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 97 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 109 SI SI BP 215 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.03.001 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AU7UZ UT WOS:000345807900019 ER PT J AU Thomas, KA Fornwall, MD Weltzin, JF Griffis, RB AF Thomas, K. A. Fornwall, M. D. Weltzin, J. F. Griffis, R. B. TI Organization of marine phenology data in support of planning and conservation in ocean and coastal ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Marine; Life history; Information architecture ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MISMATCHES; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; ASYNCHRONY; PREDATOR; MATCHES; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS AB Among the many effects of climate change is its influence on the phenology of biota. In marine and coastal ecosystems, phenological shifts have been documented for multiple life forms; however, biological data related to marine species' phenology remain difficult to access and is under-used. We conducted an assessment of potential sources of biological data for marine species and their availability for use in phenological analyses and assessments. Our evaluations showed that data potentially related to understanding marine species' phenology are available through online resources of governmental, academic, and non-governmental organizations, but appropriate datasets are often difficult to discover and access, presenting opportunities for scientific infrastructure improvement. The developing Federal Marine Data Architecture when fully implemented will improve data flow and standardization for marine data within major federal repositories and provide an archival repository for collaborating academic and public data contributors. Another opportunity, largely untapped, is the engagement of citizen scientists in standardized collection of marine phenology data and contribution of these data to established data flows. Use of metadata with marine phenology related keywords could improve discovery and access to appropriate datasets. When data originators choose to self-publish, publication of research datasets with a digital object identifier, linked to metadata, will also improve subsequent discovery and access. Phenological changes in the marine environment will affect human economics, food systems, and recreation. No one source of data will be sufficient to understand these changes. The collective attention of marine data collectors is needed whether with an agency, an educational institution, or a citizen scientist group toward adopting the data management processes and standards needed to ensure availability of sufficient and useable marine data to understand marine phenology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thomas, K. A.] Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fornwall, M. D.] US Geol Survey, Core Sci Analyt & Synth, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. [Weltzin, J. F.] US Geol Survey, USA Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Griffis, R. B.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thomas, KA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Rm 123,1110 E So Campus Dr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM Kathryn_A_Thomas@usgs.gov; Mark_Fornwall@usgs.gov; jweltzin@usgs.gov; Roger_B_Griffis@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NMFS-ST-2012-03]; USGS Status and Trends Program; USA National Phenology Network; USGS Southwest Biological Science Center FX Work in support of this paper was funded in part by NOAA (NMFS-ST-2012-03), the USGS Status and Trends Program, the USA National Phenology Network, and the USGS Southwest Biological Science Center. We thank the members of the Interagency Working Group on Ocean Partnerships Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology Biodiversity Ad Hoc Committee for their comments and feedback on marine phenology. We extend our appreciation to the scientists and agency staff who provided their time and insightful views on marine data and phenology through phone interviews and e-mail exchanges, especially Philip Goldstein of OBIS-USA. An earlier draft of this manuscript was improved by incorporating comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 24 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.007 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU7WU UT WOS:000345810000018 ER PT J AU Purkey, SG Johnson, GC Chambers, DP AF Purkey, Sarah G. Johnson, Gregory C. Chambers, Don P. TI Relative contributions of ocean mass and deep steric changes to sea level rise between 1993 and 2013 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea level rise; regional ocean mass trends; deep steric sea level; GRACE ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; BOTTOM PRESSURE; GRACE; WATER; BUDGET; HEAT; TOPEX/POSEIDON; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; ARGO AB Regional and global trends of Sea Level Rise (SLR) owing to mass addition centered between 1996 and 2006 are assessed through a full-depth SLR budget using full-depth in situ ocean data and satellite altimetry. These rates are compared to regional and global trends in ocean mass addition estimated directly using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) from 2003 to 2013. Despite the two independent methods covering different time periods with differing spatial and temporal resolution, they both capture the same large-scale mass addition trend patterns including higher rates of mass addition in the North Pacific, South Atlantic, and the Indo-Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, and lower mass addition trends in the Indian, North Atlantic, South Pacific, and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The global mean trend of ocean mass addition is 1.5 (0.4) mm yr(-1) for 1996-2006 from the residual method and the same for 2003-2013 from the GRACE method. Furthermore, the residual method is used to evaluate the error introduced into the mass budget if the deep steric contributions below 700, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 m are neglected, revealing errors of 65%, 38%, 13%, 8%, and 4% respectively. The two methods no longer agree within error bars when only the steric contribution shallower than 1000 m is considered. Key Points Regional and global mass addition estimates from sea level and steric data Regional and global mass addition estimates from GRACE compare well Full-depth steric measurements yield deep ocean contribution to sea level rise C1 [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chambers, Don P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Chambers, Don/0000-0002-5439-0257 FU NOAA Climate Program Office, NOAA Research; NASA Headquarters [NNX11AL89H]; NASA [NNX12AL28G] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, NOAA Research, and NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Fellowship Program-Grant NNX11AL89H. DPC was funded through NASA Grant NNX12AL28G. PMEL Contribution 4170. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 7509 EP 7522 DI 10.1002/2014JC010180 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900009 ER PT J AU Ganachaud, A Cravatte, S Melet, A Schiller, A Holbrook, NJ Sloyan, BM Widlansky, MJ Bowen, M Verron, J Wiles, P Ridgway, K Sutton, P Sprintall, J Steinberg, C Brassington, G Cai, W Davis, R Gasparin, F Gourdeau, L Hasegawa, T Kessler, W Maes, C Takahashi, K Richards, KJ Send, U AF Ganachaud, A. Cravatte, S. Melet, A. Schiller, A. Holbrook, N. J. Sloyan, B. M. Widlansky, M. J. Bowen, M. Verron, J. Wiles, P. Ridgway, K. Sutton, P. Sprintall, J. Steinberg, C. Brassington, G. Cai, W. Davis, R. Gasparin, F. Gourdeau, L. Hasegawa, T. Kessler, W. Maes, C. Takahashi, K. Richards, K. J. Send, U. TI The Southwest Pacific Ocean circulation and climate experiment (SPICE) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE SPICE; southwest pacific; jets; SPCZ; spiciness ID EAST AUSTRALIAN CURRENT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SIMULATED PASSIVE TRACER; EQUATORIAL WIND STRESSES; SOLOMON SEA; CORAL SEA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NEW-CALEDONIA AB The Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment (SPICE) is an international research program under the auspices of CLIVAR. The key objectives are to understand the Southwest Pacific Ocean circulation and the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) dynamics, as well as their influence on regional and basin-scale climate patterns. South Pacific thermocline waters are transported in the westward flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) toward Australia and Papua-New Guinea. On its way, the SEC encounters the numerous islands and straits of the Southwest Pacific and forms boundary currents and jets that eventually redistribute water to the equator and high latitudes. The transit in the Coral, Solomon, and Tasman Seas is of great importance to the climate system because changes in either the temperature or the amount of water arriving at the equator have the capability to modulate the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, while the southward transports influence the climate and biodiversity in the Tasman Sea. After 7 years of substantial in situ oceanic observational and modeling efforts, our understanding of the region has much improved. We have a refined description of the SPCZ behavior, boundary currents, pathways, and water mass transformation, including the previously undocumented Solomon Sea. The transports are large and vary substantially in a counter-intuitive way, with asymmetries and gating effects that depend on time scales. This paper provides a review of recent advancements and discusses our current knowledge gaps and important emerging research directions. C1 [Ganachaud, A.; Cravatte, S.; Melet, A.; Gasparin, F.; Gourdeau, L.; Maes, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UMR5566,LEGOS,CNES, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Cravatte, S.] IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Melet, A.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schiller, A.; Sloyan, B. M.; Ridgway, K.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Holbrook, N. J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Widlansky, M. J.; Richards, K. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bowen, M.] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Verron, J.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, LGGE, UMR 5183, Grenoble, France. [Wiles, P.] PI GOOS, Apia, Samoa. [Sutton, P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. [Sprintall, J.; Davis, R.; Gasparin, F.; Send, U.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Steinberg, C.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Brassington, G.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Cai, W.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Hasegawa, T.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Kessler, W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Takahashi, K.] Inst Geofis Peru, Lima, Peru. RP Ganachaud, A (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UMR5566,LEGOS,CNES, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM Alexandre.Ganachaud@ird.fr RI Sloyan, Bernadette/N-8989-2014; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013; Takahashi, Ken/G-5321-2010; Holbrook, Neil/M-7544-2013; maes, christophe/L-4049-2015; Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016; OI Takahashi, Ken/0000-0003-3670-2939; Holbrook, Neil/0000-0002-3523-6254; maes, christophe/0000-0001-6532-7141; Cravatte, Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952; Davis, Russ/0000-0003-1903-6313 FU Department of the Environment and CSIRO FX SPICE is a contribution to the CLIVAR and GEOTRACES International programs. This review involves many more scientists who contributed indirectly. We are grateful to the ship crews who made possible the various in situ measurements. The collaboration of SOPAC/SPC, PI-GOOS, and the different Pacific Island countries that are involved is greatly appreciated. The accomplishments were made possible through concurrent contributions of national funding agencies. Those include ANR project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01 and INSU/LEFE projects IMAGO and CYBER. The CNES provided support to some numerical simulations. BMS and KR where supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program jointly funded by the Department of the Environment and CSIRO. Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System ( IMOS) is funded by the Australian Governments National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy, the Super Science Initiative and, regarding Queensland-IMOS, the Queensland State Government. Operations and numerical experiments were also made possible through NSF and NOAA funding. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose remarks greatly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 147 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 7660 EP 7686 DI 10.1002/2013JC009678 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900017 ER PT J AU Liao, XM Du, YG Zhan, H Shi, P Wang, J AF Liao, Xiaomei Du, Yan Zhan, Haigang Shi, Ping Wang, Jia TI Summertime phytoplankton blooms and surface cooling in the western south equatorial Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton bloom; western equatorial Indian Ocean; upwelling; entrainment; advection; OFES ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ARABIAN SEA; MIXED-LAYER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOMALI CURRENT AB Chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration derived from the Sea viewing Wide field of View sensor (SeaWiFS) data (January 1998 to December 2010) shows phytoplankton blooms in the western south equatorial Indian Ocean (WSEIO) during the summer monsoon. The mechanism that sustains the blooms is investigated with the high-resolution Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) products. The summer blooms in the WSEIO are separated from the coast; they occur in June, reach their maximum in August, and decay in October. With summer monsoon onset, cross-equatorial wind induces open-ocean upwelling in the WSEIO, uplifting the nutricline. The mixed layer heat budget analysis reveals that both thermal forcing and ocean processes are important for the seasonal variations of SST, especially wind-driven entrainment plays a significant role in cooling the WSEIO. These processes cause nutrient enrichment in the surface layer and trigger the phytoplankton blooms. As the summer monsoon develops, the strong wind deepens the mixed layer; the entrainment thus increases the nutrient supply and enhances the bloom. Horizontal advection associated with the Southern Gyre might also be an important process that sustains the bloom. This large clockwise gyre could advect nutrient-rich water along its route, allowing Chla to bloom in a larger area. Key Points The summer Chla blooms occur in the WSEIO, separated from the coast The blooms were related to the wind-driven upwelling in the open ocean The mixed layer deepening and horizontal advection contributed to the blooms C1 [Liao, Xiaomei; Du, Yan; Zhan, Haigang; Shi, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liao, Xiaomei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Du, YG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM duyan@scsio.ac.cn RI DU, Yan/C-4496-2013; OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950302, 2012CB955603]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010103]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grants 2010CB950302 and 2012CB955603), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA11010103), and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 7687 EP 7704 DI 10.1002/2014JC010195 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900018 ER PT J AU Nyadjro, ES McPhaden, MJ AF Nyadjro, Ebenezer S. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean on seasonal to interannual time scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; equatorial currents; Indian Ocean dipole; upwelling ID DIPOLE MODE; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORTS; REANALYSIS; EVENTS; REMOTE AB This study examines equatorial zonal current variations in the upper layers of eastern Indian Ocean in relation to variations in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The analysis utilizes data from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ECMWF-ORAS4). Surface currents are characterized by semiannual eastward flowing Wyrtki jets along the equator in boreal spring and fall, forced by westerly monsoon transition winds. The fall jet intensifies during negative IOD (NIOD) events when westerlies are anomalously strong but significantly weakens during positive IOD (PIOD) events when westerlies are anomalously weak. As zonal wind stress weakens during PIOD events, sea surface height becomes unusually low in the eastern basin and high in the west, setting up an anomalous pressure force that drives increased eastward transport in the thermocline. Opposite tendencies are evident during NIOD events in response to intensified equatorial westerlies. Current transport adjustments to anomalous zonal wind forcing during IOD events extend into the following year, consistent with the cycling of equatorial wave energy around the basin. A surface layer mass budget calculation for the eastern sea surface temperature (SST) pole of the IOD indicates upwelling of approximate to 2.90.7 Sv during normal periods, increasing by 40-50% during PIOD events and reducing effectively to zero during NIOD events. IOD-related variations in Wyrtki jet and thermocline transports are major influences on these upwelling rates and associated water mass transformations, which vary consistently with SST changes. Key Points Zonal currents in eastern Indian Ocean vary with IOD Increased transport of thermocline zonal currents during PIOD events IOD influences upwelling and thus SST C1 [Nyadjro, Ebenezer S.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nyadjro, ES (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ebenezer.nyadjro@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU National Research Council FX The authors duly acknowledge the various data sources for the freely available data. RAMA data were obtained from NOAA's Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/disdel/frames/main.html. ECMWF ORAS4 data are available at http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/. AVISO data are available at http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/data-access.html. QuikSCAT data were obtained from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/las/v6/dataset?catitem=4158. We thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the manuscript. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship award at NOAA/PMEL. PMEL contribution 4211. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 7969 EP 7986 DI 10.1002/2014JC010380 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900035 ER PT J AU Reagan, J Boyer, T Antonov, J Zweng, M AF Reagan, James Boyer, Tim Antonov, John Zweng, Melissa TI Comparison analysis between Aquarius sea surface salinity and World Ocean Database in situ analyzed sea surface salinity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea surface salinity; satellite; in situ; validation; Aquarius ID WATER CYCLE; ARGO; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; SMOS AB A new monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) product calculated from profile data within the World Ocean Database (WOD) is compared and contrasted with Aquarius SSS, both standard and Combined Active-Passive (CAP) products, from September 2011 through September 2013. Aquarius exhibits similar biases as shown in previous comparison SSS studies, with negative biases in the tropics transitioning to positive biases in the higher latitudes when compared to WOD SSS. These biases are generally much weaker in CAP than the standard version, indicating that the biases are strongly related to the differences in algorithms used to retrieve satellite SSS. Non-Argo data utilized in the study are shown to be of great use to validate Aquarius in regions with little to no Argo coverage and helps provide SSS measurements in regions where there are known errors in Aquarius retrievals. The annual cycle of WOD and Aquarius is found to be very similar, with Aquarius being generally more coherent and robust. All three products' annual cycles compared favorably to the World Ocean Atlas 2013. The interannual changes in all three products generally corresponded well to one another and to changes in evaporation and precipitation (E-P). Overall, Aquarius compares very well with in situ sea surface salinity fields under multiple comparison examinations; however, both products have their own strengths and weaknesses and a synthesis of the two should be used to study global scale SSS variability. Key Points: Aquarius compares very well with in situ sea surface salinity (SSS) under multiple comparison tests Usage of CAP algorithm reduces Aquarius' zonal biases Utilizing non-Argo data helps improve validation of satellite SSS C1 [Reagan, James] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reagan, James; Boyer, Tim; Antonov, John; Zweng, Melissa] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Antonov, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reagan, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM james.reagan@noaa.gov OI Zweng, Melissa/0000-0002-1237-4750 FU NOAA [NA14NES4320003]; Climate Observations and Monitoring Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce FX The Aquarius SSS products can be acquired from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PODAAC) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov). The World Ocean Database (WOD) in situ data, the gridded WOD salinity anomaly fields, and the World Ocean Atlas 2013 climatology are all products of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and can be accessed at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/. The evaporation data set is a product provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Objectively Analyzed Air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) project (http://oaflux.whoi.edu). The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation data set was developed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory and can be accessed at http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov. Finally, the gridded Argo data were made available through the AsiaPacific Data Research Center (APDRC) and is located at http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/argo. This study was partially supported by NOAA grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. Further support was provided by the Climate Observations and Monitoring Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA. We thank the many scientists across the world who have contributed their own data to national, international, and World Data Centers. In addition, we would like to thank the managers and staff at the numerous data centers for all the processing work they have done. Much of this data has become part of the World Data Center for Oceanography. Furthermore, we would like to thank our colleagues at NODC for their work in processing and archiving oceanographic data. We would also like to thank our colleagues at the Ocean Climate Laboratory for all their work that goes into maintaining and enhancing the World Ocean Database. Without their work, studies like this would not be possible. Finally, we are very thankful for the two anonymous reviewers' comments that helped greatly improve the quality of this paper. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 8122 EP 8140 DI 10.1002/2014JC009961 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AW2FG UT WOS:000346102900044 ER PT J AU Pang, DL Nico, JS Karam, L Timofeeva, O Blakely, WF Dritschilo, A Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P AF Pang, Dalong Nico, Jeffrey S. Karam, Lisa Timofeeva, Olga Blakely, William F. Dritschilo, Anatoly Dizdaroglu, Miral Jaruga, Pawel TI Significant disparity in base and sugar damage in DNA resulting from neutron and electron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electron LINAC irradiation; Cf-252 decay fission neutrons; 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine; (5 ' R)-8,5 '-cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosine; and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosine; liquid chromatography-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry; relative biological effectiveness ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; PLASMID DNA; CLUSTERED DAMAGE; FISSION NEUTRONS; HEAVY-IONS; RADIATION; LESIONS; RADIOLYSIS; INDUCTION AB In this study, a comparison of the effects of neutron and electron irradiation of aqueous DNA solutions was investigated to characterize potential neutron signatures in DNA damage induction. Ionizing radiation generates numerous lesions in DNA, including base and sugar lesions, lesions involving base-sugar combinations (e.g. 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides) and DNA-protein cross-links, as well as single- and double-strand breaks and clustered damage. The characteristics of damage depend on the linear energy transfer (LET) of the incident radiation. Here we investigated DNA damage using aqueous DNA solutions in 10 mmol/l phosphate buffer from 0-80 Gy by low-LET electrons (10 Gy/min) and the specific high-LET (similar to 0.16 Gy/h) neutrons formed by spontaneous Cf-252 decay fissions. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), (5'R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (R-cdA) and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA) were quantified using liquid chromatography-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate a linear dose dependence for induction of 8-OH-dG by both types of radiation, although neutron irradiation was similar to 50% less effective at a given dose compared with electron irradiation. Electron irradiation resulted in an exponential increase in S-cdA and R-cdA with dose, whereas neutron irradiation induced substantially less damage and the amount of damage increased only gradually with dose. Addition of 30 mmol/l 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), a free radical scavenger, to the DNA solution before irradiation reduced lesion induction to background levels for both types of radiation. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of DNA damage by high-LET Cf-252 decay neutrons and low-LET electrons, leading to enhanced understanding of the potential biological effects of these types of irradiation. C1 [Pang, Dalong; Timofeeva, Olga; Dritschilo, Anatoly] Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Nico, Jeffrey S.; Karam, Lisa] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blakely, William F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Sci Res Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pang, DL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ Hosp, Dept Radiat Med, 3800 Reservoir Rd,LL Bles, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM pangd@georgetown.edu RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine FX Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine. No other research funding was utilized for this research. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0449-3060 EI 1349-9157 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1088 DI 10.1093/jrr/rru059 PG 8 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AU8DC UT WOS:000345825700006 PM 25034731 ER PT J AU Picher, M Lin, PA Gomez-Ballesteros, JL Balbuena, PB Sharma, R AF Picher, Matthieu Lin, Pin Ann Gomez-Ballesteros, Jose L. Balbuena, Perla B. Sharma, Renu TI Nucleation of Graphene and Its Conversion to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; graphene nucleation mechanism; environmental transmission; electron microscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; CHIRALITY AB We use an environmental transmission electron microscope to record atomic-scale movies showing how carbon atoms assemble together on a catalyst nanoparticle to form a graphene sheet that progressively lifts-off to convert into a nanotube. Time-resolved observations combined with theoretical calculations confirm that some nanoparticle facets act like a vice-grip for graphene, offering anchoring sites, while other facets allow the graphene to lift-off, which is the essential step to convert into a nanotube. C1 [Picher, Matthieu; Lin, Pin Ann; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Picher, Matthieu; Lin, Pin Ann] Univ Maryland IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gomez-Ballesteros, Jose L.; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Renu.sharma@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-06ER15836]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Authors P.B.B. and J.L.G.-B. gratefully acknowledge the support from the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under grant DE-FG02-06ER15836. Computational resources from TAMU Supercomputer Facility, Brazos Cluster at Texas A&M University, Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC), and from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 6104 EP 6108 DI 10.1021/n1501977b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AU6PE UT WOS:000345723800012 PM 25329750 ER PT J AU Syzranov, SV Wall, ML Gurarie, V Rey, AM AF Syzranov, Sergey V. Wall, Michael L. Gurarie, Victor Rey, Ana Maria TI Spin-orbital dynamics in a system of polar molecules SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; LATTICE; PHASE; GAS AB Spin-orbit coupling in solids normally originates from the electron motion in the electric field of the crystal. It is key to understanding a variety of spin-transport and topological phenomena, such as Majorana fermions and recently discovered topological insulators. Implementing and controlling spin-orbit coupling is thus highly desirable and could open untapped opportunities for the exploration of unique quantum physics. Here we show that dipole-dipole interactions can produce an effective spin-orbit coupling in two-dimensional ultracold polar molecule gases. This spin-orbit coupling generates chiral excitations with a non-trivial Berry phase 2 pi. These excitations, which we call chirons, resemble low-energy quasiparticles in bilayer graphene and emerge regardless of the quantum statistics and for arbitrary ratios of kinetic to interaction energies. Chirons manifest themselves in the dynamics of the spin density profile, spin currents and spin coherences, even for molecules pinned in a deep optical lattice and should be observable in current experiments. C1 [Syzranov, Sergey V.; Gurarie, Victor] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NIST [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, NSF-PHY11-25915]; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NSF [DMR-1001240, PHY-1125844]; NRC; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship FX We appreciate useful discussions with M. Hermele, M. Lukin, N. Yao, K.R.A. Hazzard, T. Pfau and the KRb JILA experimental group. This work has been financially supported by NIST, JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, NSF-PHY11-25915, ARO, ARO-DARPA-OLE, AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI and the NSF grants DMR-1001240 and PHY-1125844. M.L.W. thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for support. S.V.S. has been also partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. A.M.R. and V.G. thank the Aspen Center for Physics and KITP. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 5 AR 5391 DI 10.1038/ncomms6391 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AU5CN UT WOS:000345624800012 PM 25377238 ER PT J AU Takano, A Nonaka, H Homma, Y Tomita, M Murase, A Hayashi, S Barozzi, M Kim, KJ Sykes, D Simons, D Bennett, J Magee, CW AF Takano, Akio Nonaka, Hidehiko Homma, Yoshikazu Tomita, Mitsuhiro Murase, Atsushi Hayashi, Syunichi Barozzi, Mario Kim, Kyung Joon Sykes, David Simons, David Bennett, Joe Magee, Charles W. TI VAMAS round-robin study to evaluate a correction method for saturation effects in D-SIMS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA SP ULVAC PHI Inc, CAMECA, ION TOF GmbH DE SIMS; detector; saturation; approximation intermediate extended dead time; VAMAS; round-robin test AB Recently, dynamic SIMS (D-SIMS) is being used to analyze ions simultaneously over a wide range of concentrations, from matrix level to extremely low (ngg(-1)). However, D-SIMS detectors, which are mostly used in pulse counting systems, have problems with detector saturation. Thus, the ion intensities of SIMS must be corrected in their high-intensity region. It has been reported that the approximation intermediate extended dead-time model (a-IED model) can be used to correct saturated intensity in the higher region better than can the conventional model. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of the a-IED model to correct partially saturated and saturated intensities for magnetic-sector-type D-SIMS and quadrupole-type D-SIMS for the effects of dead time. Nine organizations from five countries participated in this project. Analyzed specimens were an arsenic-implanted silicon wafer and a diffused BN onto Si wafer. The instruments used to analyze arsenic-implanted samples were five quadrupole-type SIMS and four magnetic-sector-type SIMS. The instruments used to analyze the BN-diffused samples were three quadrupole-type SIMS, four magnetic-sector-type SIMS, and one time-of-flight-type SIMS. We validated the usefulness of the a-IED model to correct saturated intensities for all SIMS in this round-robin test. The optimum extension parameter tends to be affected by the ratio of the maximum reliable intensity to the maximum intensity. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Takano, Akio] NTT Adv Technol Corp NTT AT, Mat & Anal Ctr, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430124, Japan. [Nonaka, Hidehiko] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Measurement Solut Res Ctr, Tosu, Saga, Japan. [Homma, Yoshikazu] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. [Tomita, Mitsuhiro] Toshiba Co Ltd, Ctr Res & Dev, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Murase, Atsushi] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Mat Anal & Evaluat Div, Nagakute, Aichi 48011, Japan. [Hayashi, Syunichi] Nippon Steel & Sumikin Technol Co Ltd NSST, Futtsu, Japan. [Barozzi, Mario] Fdn Bruno Kessler, MinaLab, Trento, Italy. [Kim, Kyung Joon] KRISS, Adv Technol Div, Taejon, South Korea. [Sykes, David] Loughborough Surface Anal Ltd LSA, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Simons, David] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bennett, Joe] Novati Technol Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Magee, Charles W.] EAG, East Windsor, CT 06088 USA. RP Takano, A (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Corp NTT AT, Ctr Mat Anal, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430124, Japan. EM akio.takano@ntt-at.co.jp NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 SU 1 SI SI BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1002/sia.5537 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AU6EN UT WOS:000345696200061 ER PT J AU de Castro, FR Mamede, N Danilewicz, D Geyer, Y Pizzorno, JLA Zerbini, AN Andriolo, A AF de Castro, Franciele R. Mamede, Natalia Danilewicz, Daniel Geyer, Ygor Pizzorno, Jose Luis A. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Andriolo, Artur TI Are marine protected areas and priority areas for conservation representative of humpback whale breeding habitats in the western South Atlantic? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Megaptera novaeangliae; Switching state space model; Coastal management; Offshore management ID STATE-SPACE MODEL; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SATELLITE TRACKING; BRAZILIAN COAST; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; BOWHEAD WHALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BALEEN WHALES; KILLER WHALES; BAFFIN-BAY AB The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is an important component of conservation strategies for large marine vertebrates. Thus, quantitative evaluations are necessary to assess whether their habitats are protected by these areas. In this study, the representativeness of government-established MPAs and identified priority areas for conservation (PACs) relative to the Brazilian wintering habitat of humpback whales was assessed using satellite telemetry data (n = 74 individuals). Argos-derived location data were filtered and modeled using a switching state space model (SSSM) and overlaid on shapefiles for MPAs and PACs. Humpback whales occurred in only 18.31% of the 71 MPAs observed within the species range. A lower frequency of locations was recorder inside rather than outside these areas. MPAs of Integral Protection used by humpback whales correspond to only 0.64% of the species wintering habitat. In contrast, a total of 40% of the 55 PACs observed within the same area was occupied by the whales, with a higher frequency of locations documented inside the PACs. Our results suggest that PACs encompass the species habitat in a more representative manner than MPAs. Because the former do not provide legal protection, they do not effectively contribute to the species conservation. We suggest PACs used by the species, especially Abrolhos Bank PAC, can be used as basis to refine conservation efforts of humpback whales in their breeding grounds in light of increased anthropogenic stressors. We also demonstrate that animal movement data obtained from satellite telemetry studies are useful for assessing the representativeness of MPAs and to improve management of whales. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Castro, Franciele R.; Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol Comportamento & Bi, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [de Castro, Franciele R.; Mamede, Natalia; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF, Programa Posgrad Ecol, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [de Castro, Franciele R.; Mamede, Natalia; Danilewicz, Daniel; Geyer, Ygor; Pizzorno, Jose Luis A.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Andriolo, Artur] Inst Aqualie, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Pizzorno, Jose Luis A.] Ecol Brasil, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. RP de Castro, FR (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora UFJF, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, R Jose Lourenco Kelmer S-N, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. EM francielercastro@gmail.com RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012; Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013 OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183 FU Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brasil SA; Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [200619/2010-1 PDE]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil; CNPq [CMC 026/02-028/03] FX This study has been funded by the Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brasil SA. We thank M.P. Heide-Jorgensen, M.V. Jensen and A.V. Jensen, who professionally carried out tag deployment. Logistical and administrative support were provided by Instituto Aqualie, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory/NOAA, and Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Assistance in the field was provided by P.C. Simoes-Lopes, G. VanBlaricon, L.C. Alves, F.S. Perez, M.A. B. Crespo, M. de O. Dutra, M.C. de Lyra, E. Marone, J.V.A. Rocha, S. Moreira, S.M. Simao and the Atlantic Sul team in 2008. Reviews from the editor and anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. A. Andriolo was post-doctorate at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory/NOAA supported by Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Grant #200619/2010-1 PDE). Franciele R. de Castro was supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil. This study was conducted under permits issued by CNPq (Grant #CMC 026/02-028/03) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA, permit #009/02/CMA/ IBAMA, process #02001.000085/02-27, ICMBio #11523-1). NR 91 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 179 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.08.09.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU2WN UT WOS:000345475500012 ER PT J AU Brown, H Bollens, SM Brown, GS AF Brown, Harmon Bollens, Stephen M. Brown, Gretchen S. TI VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND DIEL MIGRATION OF CRANGON SEPTEMSPINOSA SAY, 1818 (DECAPODA, CARIDEA) ON GEORGES BANK, NORTHWEST ATLANTIC SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; SAND SHRIMP; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; NEW-BRUNSWICK; LIFE-HISTORY; BROWN SHRIMP; ZOOPLANKTON; PREDATION; TEMPERATURE AB We sampled for vertical distribution and possible diel vertical migration (DVM) of Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818 on and around Georges Bank, Northwest Atlantic, between 1995 and 1999. Both juveniles and adults were found to undergo DVM, being distributed within the lower water column (and perhaps on or in the bottom) during the day, and distributed throughout the water column at night, with higher abundances seen in all depth strata at night. Differences in vertical distribution were also found based on location and chlorophyll concentration for juveniles, but no effects were seen of season, salinity, temperature, lunar periodicity, year, or copepod prey for either juveniles or adults. Variation in vertical distribution and DVM were only moderately well explained (50% of the total variance) by the above factors, suggesting that some other factor(s) not measured by us (e.g., predation) were potentially also controlling the vertical distribution and diel migration of C. septemspinosa on Georges Bank. C1 [Brown, Harmon] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Bollens, Stephen M.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Brown, Gretchen S.] MPH Inc, Houston, TX 77074 USA. RP Brown, H (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM harmon.brown@noaa.gov FU NSF [OCE96-17209]; NOAA by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program [NA66GP0356]; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank Darren Gewant, Heidi Franklin and Mari Butler for their assistance with sample analysis. A great deal of thanks goes to the scientists and crews of the R/V "Albatross IV", R/V "Endeavor", and R/V "Oceanus" for their hard work and long hours in collecting samples on the broad-scale cruises. This work was supported by NSF award No. OCE96-17209 and NOAA award No. NA66GP0356 to S.M.B. provided by the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program, a joint program of the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is contribution number 749 of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Program. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X EI 1568-5403 J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD NOV PY 2014 VL 87 IS 13 BP 1486 EP 1499 DI 10.1163/15685403-00003372 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AU3EC UT WOS:000345494400002 ER PT J AU Kline, PA Flagg, TA AF Kline, Paul A. Flagg, Thomas A. TI Putting the Red Back in Redfish Lake, 20 Years of Progress Toward Saving the Pacific Northwest's Most Endangered Salmon Population SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; SNAKE-RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CAPTIVE BROODSTOCKS; OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE; NURSERY LAKES; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; IDAHO; CONSERVATION AB In November 1991, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). The last known remnants of the Snake River stock return to Redfish Lake in the Sawtooth Valley in central Idaho. In the ensuing two decades since the ESA listing, many actions have been taken to conserve the population, including the initiation of a hatchery-based gene rescue program. The chief aim of this article is to describe the development and implementation of hatchery-based gene rescue activities, review present-day release strategies and associated adult returns, and describe a new effort underway to expand program production to more effectively address recolonization and local adaptation objectives. In addition, we describe achievable population triggers to allow the transition from a hatchery-based effort to a habitat-based effort that should allow natural population recovery to proceed. RESUMENEn noviembre de 1991, el Servicio Nacional de Pesquerias Marinas de los Estados Unidos de Norteamerica, ingreso al salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) en el Acta de Especies Amenazadas de los Estados Unidos (AEA) bajo la categoria de amenazado. Los ultimos remanentes conocidos del stock del Rio Snake, regresaron al Lago Redfish, Valle Sawtooth, en la porcion central de Idaho. Dos decadas despues de haber ingresado esta especie al acta, se han llevado a cabo varias acciones tendientes a conservar a la poblacion, entre las que se incluye el inicio de un programa de rescate genetico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el desarrollo e implementacion de actividades de rescate genetico basado en cultivos, revisar las estrategias actuales de liberacion y posterior retorno de adultos y describir la nueva iniciativa de expandir el programa de produccion para abordar de forma mas efectiva la recolonizacion y los objetivos de adaptacion local. Adicionalmente, se describe como se usaran detonantes poblacionales que permitan una transicion entre esfuerzos basados en cultivos y esfuerzos basados en habitats con el fin de facilitar la recuperacion de las poblaciones. C1 [Kline, Paul A.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Flagg, Thomas A.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Kline, PA (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, POB 25, Boise, ID 83707 USA. EM paul.kline@idfg.idaho.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program FX Work was primarily funded by the Bonneville Power Administration and coordinated through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 488 EP 500 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.966087 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU2MI UT WOS:000345452000004 ER PT J AU Amos, KH Gustafson, L Warg, J Whaley, J Purcell, M Rolland, J Winton, J Snekvik, K Meyers, T Stewart, B Kerwin, J Blair, M Bader, J Evered, J AF Amos, Kevin H. Gustafson, Lori Warg, Janet Whaley, Janet Purcell, Maureen Rolland, Jill Winton, James Snekvik, Kevin Meyers, Theodore Stewart, Bruce Kerwin, John Blair, Marilyn Bader, Joel Evered, Joy TI US Response to a Report of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus in Western North America SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ISAV AB Federal, state, and tribal fishery managers, as well as the general public and their elected representatives in the United States, were concerned when infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) was suspected for the first time in free-ranging Pacific Salmon collected from the coastal areas of British Columbia, Canada. This article documents how national and regional fishery managers and fish health specialists of the U.S. worked together and planned and implemented actions in response to the reported finding of ISAV in British Columbia. To date, the reports by Simon Fraser University remain unconfirmed and preliminary results from collaborative U.S. surveillance indicate that there is no evidence of ISAV in U.S. populations of free-ranging or marine-farmed salmonids on the west coast of North America. RESUMENLos manejadores de pesquerias a nivel federal, estatal y tribal asi como tambien el publico en general y sus representantes electos en los Estados Unidos de Norteamerica (EE.UU.) manifestaron su preocupacion ante la sospecha de la presencia del virus de anemia infecciosa (VAIS) cuando por primera vez se detecto en salmones del Pacifico colectados en su rango natural de distribucion en areas de la Columbia Britanica (CB) en Canada. En este articulo se documenta como administradores de pesquerias a nivel nacional y regional y especialistas en salud acuicola de los EE.UU. trabajaron, planearon e implementaron juntos acciones en respuesta a los hallazgos de VAIS en la CB. Hasta ahora, los reportes de la Universidad Simon Fraser permanecen sin confirmacion y los resultados preliminares por parte de agencias de inspeccion y vigilancia en los EE.UU. indican que no existe evidencia del VAIS en poblaciones de salmon marino cultivado en sus rangos naturales de distribucion dentro la costa noroeste de los EE.UU. C1 [Amos, Kevin H.] NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gustafson, Lori; Warg, Janet; Whaley, Janet] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gustafson, Lori; Warg, Janet; Whaley, Janet] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Gustafson, Lori; Warg, Janet; Whaley, Janet] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Surveillance Preparedness & Response Serv, USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Purcell, Maureen; Rolland, Jill; Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Dept Interior, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Snekvik, Kevin] Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Meyers, Theodore] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Stewart, Bruce] Northwest Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Kerwin, John] Washington State Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Blair, Marilyn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Dworshak Fish Hlth Ctr, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Bader, Joel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Evered, Joy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Olympia Fish Hlth Ctr, Olympia, WA USA. RP Amos, KH (reprint author), NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kevin.amos@noaa.gov FU USDA/APHIS; FWS FX The coauthors would like to recognize our respective agencies for their financial support to conduct the surveillance, research, and outreach/communication for this important topic. USDA/APHIS should be particularly recognized for their funding of laboratory testing of samples from Washington State, Alaska, and the NWIFC. The FWS should be commended for its support of these activities with both funding and regional staff involvement. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.967348 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU2MI UT WOS:000345452000005 ER PT J AU Rust, MB Amos, KH Bagwill, AL Dickhoff, WW Juarez, LM Price, CS Morris, JA Rubino, MC AF Rust, Michael B. Amos, Kevin H. Bagwill, April L. Dickhoff, Walton W. Juarez, Lorenzo M. Price, Carol S. Morris, James A., Jr. Rubino, Michael C. TI Environmental Performance of Marine Net-Pen Aquaculture in the United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; UNINTENDED FITNESS CONSEQUENCES; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; CAGE FISH FARMS; BY-PRODUCT MEAL; WILD POPULATIONS; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT AB The United States has a small net-pen salmon industry dating back over 40 years and a nascent net-pen industry for other marine fish. The United States net-pen aquaculture sector has improved its resource efficiency in terms of the amount of fish meal and fish oil used in feeds and reduced its environmental impacts in terms of the mass loading and impact of nutrient discharge on the receiving ecosystem, the incidence and treatment of fish diseases, the use of antibiotics, and the number and impact of fish escapes, while increasing production. These changes can be attributed to a combination of advances in science and technology, rising cost of fish meal/oil, improved management, and informed regulatory practices. Net-pen aquaculture has become an efficient food production system. Existing laws and regulations in the United States effectively address most of the potential adverse environmental effects of net-pen aquaculture. RESUMENLos Estados Unidos de Norteamerica (EE. UU.) poseen una pequena industria de acuacultura de salmones mediante jaulas de red que data desde hace cuatro decadas y una incipiente industria de cultivo con jaulas de otras especies de peces marinos. El sector de la acuacultura con jaulas de red en los EE.UU. ha mejorado la eficiencia de sus recursos en terminos de cantidad de carne y aceite de pescado utilizados para la engorda y en cuanto a la reduccion de sus impactos negativos: el aumento de la produccion versus la carga de masa y el impacto de la descarga de nutrientes en los ecosistemas receptores, la incidencia y tratamiento de enfermedades de peces, uso de antibioticos y el impacto del escape de peces. Estos cambios son atribuibles a la combinacion de avances cientificos y tecnologicos, el incremento en el costo de la carne y aceite de pescado, un mejor manejo y practicas regulatorias informadas. La acuacultura con jaulas de red se ha convertido en un sistema eficiente de produccion de alimentos. Las leyes y regulaciones existentes en los EE.UU. abordan de forma efectiva los efectos adversos potenciales de la acuacultura con jaulas de red. C1 [Rust, Michael B.; Amos, Kevin H.; Bagwill, April L.; Juarez, Lorenzo M.; Rubino, Michael C.] NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dickhoff, Walton W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Price, Carol S.; Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Rust, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Mike.Rust@noaa.gov NR 180 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 508 EP 524 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.966818 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU2MI UT WOS:000345452000008 ER PT J AU Trushenski, J Blankenship, L Bowker, J Flagg, T Hesse, J Leber, K Lorenzen, K MacKinlay, D Maynard, D Moffitt, C Mudrak, V Scribner, K Stuewe, S Sweka, J Whelan, G Young-Dubovsky, C AF Trushenski, Jesse Blankenship, Lee Bowker, Jim Flagg, Tom Hesse, Jay Leber, Ken Lorenzen, Kai MacKinlay, Don Maynard, Des Moffitt, Christine Mudrak, Vince Scribner, Kim Stuewe, Scott Sweka, John Whelan, Gary Young-Dubovsky, Connie TI AFS Completes Assessment, Issues New Guidance Regarding Hatchery Operation and the Use of Hatchery-Origin Fish SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Trushenski, Jesse] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Blankenship, Lee] Northwest Marine Technol Inc, Tumwater, WA 98501 USA. [Bowker, Jim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Flagg, Tom; Maynard, Des] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Hesse, Jay] Nez Perce Tribe Dept Fisheries Resources Manageme, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA. [Leber, Ken] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Lorenzen, Kai] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [MacKinlay, Don] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Moffitt, Christine] Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mudrak, Vince] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. [Scribner, Kim] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stuewe, Scott] HDR, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Sweka, John] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lamar, PA 16841 USA. [Whelan, Gary] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Young-Dubovsky, Connie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Trushenski, J (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Life Sci 2 Room 251, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saluski@siu.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2014 VL 39 IS 11 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.964395 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU2MI UT WOS:000345452000014 ER PT J AU Johns, EM Muhling, BA Perez, RC Muller-Karger, FE Melo, N Smith, RH Lamkin, JT Gerard, TL Malca, E AF Johns, E. M. Muhling, B. A. Perez, R. C. Mueller-Karger, F. E. Melo, N. Smith, R. H. Lamkin, J. T. Gerard, T. L. Malca, E. TI Amazon River water in the northeastern Caribbean Sea and its effect on larval reef fish assemblages during April 2009 SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Amazon River plume; Caribbean Sea; chlorophyll-a; hydrography; larval fish assemblages; North Brazil Current Ring; ocean color remote sensing ID BRAZIL CURRENT RINGS; WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC; MEANDERING GUIANA CURRENT; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SURFACE SALINITY; EDDY VARIABILITY; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; BARRIER-REEF; RECRUITMENT; PLUME AB During April to June 2009, a large bolus of Amazon River water impacted the northeastern Caribbean Sea. Shipboard observations collected near Saba Bank, the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, and the Anegada Passage showed low surface salinity (35.76 +/- 0.05 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)), elevated surface temperature (26.77 +/- 0.14 degrees C), high chlorophyll-a (1.26 +/- 0.21mgm(-3)) and high dissolved oxygen (4.90 +/- 0.06mLL(-1)) in a 20- to 30-m thick surface layer in the riverine plume. The water was similar to 1 degrees C warmer, 1 PSU fresher, 0.3mLL(-1) higher in oxygen and 1.2mgm(-3) higher in chlorophyll-a than Atlantic Ocean waters to the north, with Caribbean surface waters showing intermediate values. Plankton net tows obtained in the upper 100m of the water column revealed larval fish assemblages within the plume that were significantly different from those of the surrounding waters and from those encountered in the area in previous years. The plume waters contained higher concentrations of mesopelagic fish larvae from the families Myctophidae and Nomeidae, which as adults typically inhabit offshore, deep water habitats. Concentrations of larvae from inshore and reef-associated families such as Scaridae, Serranidae, Labridae and Clupeidae were lower than those found outside the plume in similar shallow areas, particularly in near-surface waters. An event like the one observed in 2009 had not been documented in at least the past 30yr, and yet it was followed by another similarly extreme event in 2010. The ecological implications, including any long-term consequences of such recent extreme events, are important and merit further study. C1 [Johns, E. M.; Perez, R. C.; Melo, N.; Smith, R. H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muhling, B. A.; Perez, R. C.; Melo, N.; Malca, E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muhling, B. A.; Lamkin, J. T.; Gerard, T. L.; Malca, E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mueller-Karger, F. E.] Univ S Florida, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Johns, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM libby.johns@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 FU European Community [218812]; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) USVI Larval Supply and Distribution Study; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC); NASA [NNX11AP76G]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster, and all of our seagoing, technical and laboratory support colleagues for their invaluable assistance in the acquisition and analysis of the data reported herein. We acknowledge the important contributions of the SEFSC Early Life History laboratory, especially Aki Shiroza, Alexandra Ender and Sarah Privoznik, for field collections, sample processing and larval fish identifications. We thank the Global Drifter Center for supplying the satellite-tracked surface drifters and providing their trajectory data to us. We acknowledge the mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the SeaWiFS and MODIS time series data used in this research effort. Output from the operational hindcast global ocean product (Prototype SYsteme) was provided through a collaborative agreement with Mercator Ocean. The Mercator Ocean global operational forecasting system, as part of the European Marine Core Service, is supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement no. 218812 (MyOcean). The authors thank Fabrice Hernandez for his assistance with Mercator Ocean products. The comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript and they are gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) USVI Larval Supply and Distribution Study, with additional support contributed by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) and Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC). Ship time was provided by NOAA's Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research (OAR). Partial support for Frank Muller-Karger was provided by NASA Grant NNX11AP76G, awarded to Roffer's Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Agreement #NA10OAR4320143. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 472 EP 494 DI 10.1111/fog.12082 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AU4TC UT WOS:000345603300003 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Danley, C Haines, S AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Danley, Courtney Haines, Scott TI The effects of temperature on growth, development and settlement of northern rock sole larvae (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate change; dispersal; inner front; larval transport; metamorphosis; settlement dynamics ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PACIFIC COD LARVAE; REEF FISH; SUMMER FLOUNDER; METAMORPHOSIS; SIZE; SURVIVAL; FLATFISH AB Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) is a commercially important fish in the North Pacific and a focal species in understanding larval transport to nursery grounds in the Bering Sea. However, the temperature-dependent vital rates and settlement dynamics for this species have not been described in detail. We reared northern rock sole larvae in the laboratory to measure growth, condition, development and settlement parameters across four temperatures (2, 4, 7 and 10 degrees C). Both length and mass-measured growth rates increased with temperature and were best described by non-linear regression. Residuals of the length-mass relationships were positively related to temperature, indicating larval condition also increased with temperature. Larval development and settlement were largely size dependent, resulting in reduced larval stage duration and earlier settlement at higher temperatures owing to more rapid growth at elevated temperatures. However, larvae at colder temperatures were less developed at a given size, but more likely to settle at smaller sizes than larvae reared in warmer conditions. These temperature-response parameters can be used to refine current and future transport models for northern rock sole larvae under changing environmental conditions in the North Pacific. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Haines, Scott] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Danley, Courtney] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov FU NOAA-AFSC's Habitat and Ecological Processes Research (HEPR) Program FX This project was supported in part with funding from the NOAA-AFSC's Habitat and Ecological Processes Research (HEPR) Program. We thank Ian Bradbury, Tom Hurst and Cliff Ryer for providing feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Mara Spencer and Paul Iseri collected and shipped broodstock from Kodiak, AK. Boat charters were kindly provided by Tim Tripp aboard the F/V Miss O. Whitney Clerf provided assistance in the maintenance and strip-spawning of broodstock in the laboratory and Matt Hawkyard assisted with rotifer production, feeding and larviculture. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1111/fog.12084 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AU4TC UT WOS:000345603300004 ER PT J AU Wahl, ER Diaz, HF Smerdon, JE Ammann, CM AF Wahl, Eugene R. Diaz, Henry F. Smerdon, Jason E. Ammann, Caspar M. TI Late winter temperature response to large tropical volcanic eruptions in temperate western North America: Relationship to ENSO phases SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE El Ni(n)over-tildeo; La Ni(n)over-tildea; volcanoes; climate forcing; post-volcanic response; paleoclimatology ID LAST MILLENNIUM; CENTURIES; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; IMPACT AB February-March temperature reconstructions in western North America from 1500-1980 in the Common Era (CE) are used to evaluate, from a regional perspective, the hypothesis that radiative forcing by large tropical volcanic eruptions induces a tendency in the climate system towards an early post-event El Ni (n) over tildeo (EN) response followed by a delayed La Ni (n) over tildea (LN) response. Post-event spatial composites using superposed epoch analysis (SEA) detect indications for an EN-like pattern in post-event Years 1-2; this result, however, is sensitive to the set of eruptions evaluated. Highly significant LN-like patterns are also observed for two eruptions during Year 1. In contrast, a clear and unique LN-like response is found in both evaluated eruption sets during Years 3-5; Year 3 in particular represents the time of strongest post-event response. No significant EN-like patterns occur during these years. The relative homogeneity of the SEA response for each post-event year is evaluated in terms of the ratio of the amplitude of the SEA composite to its standard deviation across the eruption events. In relation to the same metric determined from random-event-year SEAs, these signal-to-noise ratios are most highly significant in the portions of the domain with the strongest anomalies in Years 1-5, especially Year 3. The signal-to-noise ratios tend towards uniformly low and insignificant values beyond the first half-decade after the eruption, indicating generally reduced coherence across events. In relation to the larger-scale circulation, post-eruption 500mb February-March geopotential height composites from the 20th Century Reanalysis show ENSO-type features that are largely consistent with the SEA results from the primary eruption set during Year 1, but are inconsistent with the EN-like pattern exhibited by the second eruption set during Years 1-2. In Year 3, the pressure composite over North America and the adjacent Pacific and Atlantic is strongly LN-like, consistent with all SEA results; similarly, weakening coherence across events as rime progresses beyond Year 3 is also consistent with more variable pressure composites noted after that time. The relatively robust character of the delayed LN-like response is evaluated in terms of the dynamic rebound of the climate system towards its initial energy balance as the radiative impact of immediate post-eruption aerosol cooling dissipates. The LN-like SEA temperature response in Years 3-5 exhibits a slight shift of its southern warm anomaly to the north and west relative to pure composite LN conditions, which is detected as a specifically post-eruption feature in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smerdon, Jason E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ammann, Caspar M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Wahl, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eugene.R.Wahl@noaa.gov; Henty.F.Diaz@noaa.gov; jsmerdon@ldeo.columbia.edu; ammann@ucar.edu RI Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; OI Diaz, Henry/0000-0001-6767-3179 FU Weather and Climate Impacts Assessment Science Program, NCAR; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the editor and two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly enhanced the article. We also gratefully acknowledge Johannes Werner for perspective on the signal-to-noise analysis used to evaluate relative homogeneity of the regional post-volcanic spatial response. This study is supported-in part by the Weather and Climate Impacts Assessment Science Program, NCAR (ERW and CMA). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. LDEO contribution 7824. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 EI 1872-6364 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD NOV PY 2014 VL 122 BP 238 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.005 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AU3BT UT WOS:000345488600021 ER PT J AU Tan, SD Klein, K Shima, D Livengood, R Mutunga, E Vladar, A AF Tan, Shida Klein, Kate Shima, Darryl Livengood, Rick Mutunga, Eva Vladar, Andras TI Mechanism and applications of helium transmission milling in thin membranes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM; SILICON; AMORPHIZATION; BRIGHTNESS; DEVICES; DAMAGE AB Focused ion beam interaction profiles and nanomachining mechanisms are very different for membrane and bulk samples. In this work, a detailed empirical study was carried out to understand these differences by observing the progression of helium ion milling in silicon single crystalline membranes and bulk samples using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The components of backward sputter yield and forward sputter yield unique to the membrane samples were observed, analyzed, and contrasted with the bulk sample sputter yield. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Tan, Shida; Shima, Darryl; Livengood, Rick] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Klein, Kate; Mutunga, Eva; Vladar, Andras] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tan, SD (reprint author), Intel Corp, MS SC9-68,2200 Mission Coll Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM shida.tan@intel.com NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2014 VL 32 IS 6 AR 06FA01 DI 10.1116/1.4900728 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AU3KU UT WOS:000345512800020 ER PT J AU Van Cleave, K Lenters, JD Wang, J Verhamme, EM AF Van Cleave, Katherine Lenters, John D. Wang, Jia Verhamme, Edward M. TI A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Nino winter of 1997-1998 SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; RECENT TRENDS; CLIMATE; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; WISCONSIN; COHERENCE; SEVERITY AB Significant trends in Lake Superior water temperature and ice cover have been observed in recent decades, and these trends have typically been analyzed using standard linear regression techniques. Although the linear trends are statistically significant and contribute to an understanding of environmental change, a careful examination of the trends shows important nonlinearities. We identify a pronounced step change that occurred in Lake Superior following the warm El Nino winter of 1997-1998, resulting in a "regime shift'' in summer evaporation rate, water temperature, and numerous metrics of winter ice cover. This statistically significant step change accounts for most of the long-term trends in ice cover, water temperature, and evaporation during the period 1973-2010, and it was preceded (and followed) by insignificant linear trends in nearly all of the metrics examined. The 1998 step change is associated with a decrease in winter ice duration of 39 d (a 34% decline), an increase of similar to 2-3 degrees C in mean surface water temperature (July-September averages), and a 91% increase in July-August evaporation rates, reflecting an earlier start to the summer evaporation season. Maximum wintertime ice extent decreased by nearly a factor of two, from an average of 69% of the lake surface area (before 1997-1998) to 36% after the step change. This reassessment of long-term trends highlights the importance of nonlinear regime shifts such as the 1997-1998 break point-an event that may be related to a similar shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that occurred around the same time. These pronounced changes in Lake Superior physical characteristics are likely to have important implications for the broader lake ecosystem. C1 [Van Cleave, Katherine] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Lenters, John D.; Verhamme, Edward M.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lenters, JD (reprint author), LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM jlenters@limno.com OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments Center (GLISA); UNL Chancellor's Fellowship; William J. Curtis Fellowship FX We thank Ray Assel, Anne Clites, and Tim Hunter at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for providing ice cover, water temperature, and evaporation data for the project as well as NOAA's National Data Buoy Center for the Lake Superior buoy data. Funding for the project was provided, in part, by the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments Center (GLISA). K. Van Cleave received graduate assistant support from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) School of Natural Resources as well as the UNL Chancellor's Fellowship and William J. Curtis Fellowship. We thank A. Suyker and D. Riveros-Iregui for constructive input during various stages of the project, and we also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that resulted in improvements to the final manuscript. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1889 EP 1898 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.1889 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU2QK UT WOS:000345462700006 ER PT J AU O'Corry-Crowe, G Gelatt, T Rea, L Bonin, C Rehberg, M AF O'Corry-Crowe, Greg Gelatt, Tom Rea, Lorrie Bonin, Carolina Rehberg, Michael TI Crossing to safety: dispersal, colonization and mate choice in evolutionarily distinct populations of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization; density dependence; microsatellite; mixed-stock; Steller sea lion ID BREEDING HABITAT SELECTION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; ZEALAND FUR SEALS; PUBLIC INFORMATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COLLARED FLYCATCHER; RANGE EXPANSION; F-STATISTICS; GREY SEALS AB Population growth typically involves range expansion and establishment of new breeding sites, while the opposite occurs during declines. Although density dependence is widely invoked in theoretical studies of emigration and colonization in expanding populations, few empirical studies have documented the mechanisms. Still fewer have documented the direction and mechanisms of individual transfer in declining populations. Here, we screen large numbers of pups sampled on their natal rookeries for variation in mtDNA (n=1106) and 16 microsatellite loci (n=588) and show that new Steller sea lion breeding sites did not follow the typical paradigm and were instead colonized by sea lions from both a declining (Endangered) population and an increasing population. Dispersing individuals colonized rookeries in the distributional hiatus between two evolutionarily distinct ((Phi) over bar (st) = 0.222, (R) over bar (st) = 0.053, K=2) metapopulations recently described as separate subspecies. Hardy-Weinberg, mixed-stock and relatedness analysis revealed levels of interbreeding on the new rookeries that exclude (i) assortative mating among eastern and western forms, and (ii) inbreeding avoidance as primary motivations for dispersal. Positive and negative density dependence is implicated in both cases of individual transfer. Migration distance limits, and conspecific attraction and performance likely influenced the sequence of rookery colonizations. This study demonstrates that resource limitation may trigger an exodus of breeding animals from declining populations, with substantial impacts on distribution and patterns of genetic variation. It also revealed that this event is rare because colonists dispersed across an evolutionary boundary, suggesting that the causative factors behind recent declines are unusual or of larger magnitude than normally occur. C1 [O'Corry-Crowe, Greg] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [O'Corry-Crowe, Greg; Bonin, Carolina] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gelatt, Tom] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rea, Lorrie; Rehberg, Michael] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Rea, Lorrie] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP O'Corry-Crowe, G (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM gocorryc@hboi.fau.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). Laboratory assistance was provided by A. Frey and C. LeDuc and the Population Identity Program at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. Thanks also to all those, many anonymous, who collected samples including D. Calkins, V. Burkanov, P. Gearin, R. DeLong, R. Brown, R. Trujillo and the Steller research programs of the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and ADF&G. We appreciate the advice and support received from K. Pitcher, D. DeMaster, R. Small, L. Jemison, T. Loughlin, G. Pendleton, K. Brix, A. Dizon, B. Taylor and J. Bengtson. All samples were collected under U.S. Marine Mammal permits 782-1532 issued to the NMML and 358-1564 issued to the ADF&G. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 22 BP 5415 EP 5434 DI 10.1111/mec.12944 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AU4HW UT WOS:000345572300003 PM 25266462 ER PT J AU Portnoy, DS Hollenbeck, CM Belcher, CN Driggers, WB Frazier, BS Gelsleichter, J Grubbsk, RD Gold, JR AF Portnoy, D. S. Hollenbeck, C. M. Belcher, C. N. Driggers, W. B., III Frazier, B. S. Gelsleichter, J. Grubbsk, R. D. Gold, J. R. TI Contemporary population structure and post-glacial genetic demography in a migratory marine species, the blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE conservation genetics; elasmobranchs; glacial refugia; secondary contact ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; WESTERN ATLANTIC; BLACKTIP SHARK; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MICROSATELLITE DATA; COASTAL WATERS AB Patterns of population structure and historical genetic demography of blacknose sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean were assessed using variation in nuclear-encoded microsatellites and sequences of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Significant heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers to gene flow, based on microsatellites and/or mtDNA, revealed the occurrence of five genetic populations localized to five geographic regions: the southeastern U.S Atlantic coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the western Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas. Pairwise estimates of genetic divergence between sharks in the Bahamas and those in all other localities were more than an order of magnitude higher than between pairwise comparisons involving the other localities. Demographic modelling indicated that sharks in all five regions diverged after the last glacial maximum and, except for the Bahamas, experienced post-glacial, population expansion. The patterns of genetic variation also suggest that the southern Gulf of Mexico may have served as a glacial refuge and source for the expansion. Results of the study demonstrate that barriers to gene flow and historical genetic demography contributed to contemporary patterns of population structure in a coastal migratory species living in an otherwise continuous marine habitat. The results also indicate that for many marine species, failure to properly characterize barriers in terms of levels of contemporary gene flow could in part be due to inferences based solely on equilibrium assumptions. This could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding levels of connectivity in species of conservation concern. C1 [Portnoy, D. S.; Hollenbeck, C. M.; Gold, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Belcher, C. N.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Driggers, W. B., III] Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Frazier, B. S.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gelsleichter, J.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Grubbsk, R. D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. RP Portnoy, DS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM david.portnoy@tamucc.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service under SALTONSTALL-KENNEDY [NA10NMF4270218]; National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4540080] FX We thank A. Piercy (Florida Museum of Natural History, University of North Florida), R. Ford (University of North Florida), N. Hammerschlag (University of Miami), Captain G. Rapp, D. Bethea (NOAA Fisheries Panama City Laboratory), M. Drymon (Dauphin Island Sea Lab), P. J. Diaz (National Autonomous University of Mexico), K. Hannan, C. Jones and L. Jones (NMFS, Mississippi Laboratories), A. Shaw (SCDNR), D. McDowell (GADNR), G. Skomal (Massachusetts Marine Fisheries), B. Franks (Florida Southern University), C. Peterson and J. Imhoff (Florida State University), T. Guttridge (Bimini Biological Field Station) and E. Brooks (Cape Eleuthera Institute) for providing tissue samples. We also thank M. Renshaw and M. Giresi for assistance in the laboratory, and M. Hansen and four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on drafts of this manuscript. Work was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service under SALTONSTALL-KENNEDY GRANT NO. NA10NMF4270218 and Cooperative Research Program Grant No. NA12NMF4540080. This is contribution 720 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center and Number 99 in the series 'Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes.' NR 120 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 92 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 22 BP 5480 EP 5495 DI 10.1111/mec.12954 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AU4HW UT WOS:000345572300007 PM 25294029 ER PT J AU Liu, G Heron, SF Eakin, CM Muller-Karger, FE Vega-Rodriguez, M Guild, LS De La Cour, JL Geiger, EF Skirving, WJ Burgess, TFR Strong, AE Harris, A Maturi, E Ignatov, A Sapper, J Li, JK Lynds, S AF Liu, Gang Heron, Scott F. Eakin, C. Mark Muller-Karger, Frank E. Vega-Rodriguez, Maria Guild, Liane S. De La Cour, Jacqueline L. Geiger, Erick F. Skirving, William J. Burgess, Timothy F. R. Strong, Alan E. Harris, Andy Maturi, Eileen Ignatov, Alexander Sapper, John Li, Jianke Lynds, Susan TI Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-km Global Products from NOAA Coral Reef Watch SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bleaching; thermal stress; satellite; remote sensing; sea surface temperature (SST); monitoring; climatology; hotspots; degree heating week; bleaching alert area ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLEACHING EVENTS; MORTALITY; ISLANDS AB The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program has developed a daily global 5-km product suite based on satellite observations to monitor thermal stress on coral reefs. These products fulfill requests from coral reef managers and researchers for higher resolution products by taking advantage of new satellites, sensors and algorithms. Improvements of the 5-km products over CRW's heritage global 50-km products are derived from: (1) the higher resolution and greater data density of NOAA's next-generation operational daily global 5-km geo-polar blended sea surface temperature (SST) analysis; and (2) implementation of a new SST climatology derived from the Pathfinder SST climate data record. The new products increase near-shore coverage and now allow direct monitoring of 95% of coral reefs and significantly reduce data gaps caused by cloud cover. The 5-km product suite includes SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks and Bleaching Alert Area, matching existing CRW products. When compared with the 50-km products and in situ bleaching observations for 2013-2014, the 5-km products identified known thermal stress events and matched bleaching observations. These near reef-scale products significantly advance the ability of coral reef researchers and managers to monitor coral thermal stress in near-real-time. C1 [Liu, Gang; Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Geiger, Erick F.; Skirving, William J.; Burgess, Timothy F. R.; Strong, Alan E.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Gang; Heron, Scott F.; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Geiger, Erick F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Liu, Gang; Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Geiger, Erick F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Harris, Andy; Maturi, Eileen; Ignatov, Alexander] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Muller-Karger, Frank E.; Vega-Rodriguez, Maria] Univ S Florida, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Guild, Liane S.] US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Harris, Andy] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sapper, John] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NESDIS OSPO, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Jianke] DigitalGlobe Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Lynds, Susan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Liu, G (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Gang.Liu@noaa.gov; Scott.Heron@noaa.gov; Mark.Eakin@noaa.gov; carib@usf.edu; mariavegarod@mail.usf.edu; Liane.S.Guild@nasa.gov; Jacqueline.Shapo@noaa.gov; Erick.Geiger@noaa.gov; William.Skirving@noaa.gov; timburgess@mac.com; Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov; Andy.Harris@noaa.gov; Eileen.Maturi@noaa.gov; Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov; John.Sapper@noaa.gov; Jianke.Li@gmail.com; Susan.Lynds@colorado.edu RI De La Cour, Jacqueline/E-7920-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; FU NASA Applied Sciences Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program [NNX09AV24G]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Development of the next-generation 5-km product suite has been accomplished through a collaboration of NOAA Coral Reef Watch, the University of South Florida, NASA-Ames and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, with funding support from the NASA Applied Sciences Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting program Grant NNX09AV24G and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The CRW team at NOAA/NESDIS that develops and generates these monitoring products comprises scientists from the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO). The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 28 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 6 IS 11 BP 11579 EP 11606 DI 10.3390/rs61111579 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA AU3RG UT WOS:000345530700059 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Glover, JL Hudson, LT Ralchenko, Y Henins, A Pereira, N Feldman, U Di Stefano, CA Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Chen, H Williams, GJ Park, J AF Seely, J. F. Glover, J. L. Hudson, L. T. Ralchenko, Y. Henins, Albert Pereira, N. Feldman, U. Di Stefano, C. A. Kuranz, C. C. Drake, R. P. Chen, Hui Williams, G. J. Park, J. TI Measurement of high-energy (10-60 keV) x-ray spectral line widths with eV accuracy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA AB A high resolution crystal spectrometer utilizing a crystal in transmission geometry has been developed and experimentally optimized to measure the widths of emission lines in the 10-60 keV energy range with eV accuracy. The spectrometer achieves high spectral resolution by utilizing crystal planes with small lattice spacings (down to 2d = 0.099 nm), a large crystal bending radius and Rowland circle diameter (965 mm), and an image plate detector with high spatial resolution (60 mu m in the case of the Fuji TR image plate). High resolution W L-shell and K-shell laboratory test spectra in the 10-60 keV range and Ho K-shell spectra near 47 keV recorded at the LLNL Titan laser facility are presented. The Ho K-shell spectra are the highest resolution hard x-ray spectra recorded from a solid target irradiated by a high-intensity laser. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Seely, J. F.; Feldman, U.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Glover, J. L.; Hudson, L. T.; Ralchenko, Y.; Henins, Albert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pereira, N.] Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. [Di Stefano, C. A.; Kuranz, C. C.; Drake, R. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chen, Hui; Williams, G. J.; Park, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM seelyjf@gmail.com RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Di Stefano, Carlos/0000-0001-6166-3519 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA-1-10-0077]; NNSA-DS; SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas [DE-NA0001840] FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Grant No. DTRA-1-10-0077 and by the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas, Grant No. DE-NA0001840. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 11 AR 11D618 DI 10.1063/1.4891726 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AU5KO UT WOS:000345646000035 PM 25430194 ER PT J AU Laffoley, D Day, J Moore, E Lefebvre, C Simard, F AF Laffoley, Dan Day, Jon Moore, Elizabeth Lefebvre, Christophe Simard, Francois TI An introduction to the International Marine Protected Area Congress series SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laffoley, Dan; Simard, Francois] IUCN, Zurich, Switzerland. [Day, Jon] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Moore, Elizabeth] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lefebvre, Christophe] French MPA Agcy, Brest, France. RP Laffoley, D (reprint author), IUCN, Zurich, Switzerland. EM danlaffoley@btinternet.com RI Day, Jon/H-3276-2016 OI Day, Jon/0000-0003-3906-0759 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 24 SU 2 BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.1002/aqc.2502 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AT8TZ UT WOS:000345206000003 ER PT J AU Cepuritis, R Wigum, BJ Garboczi, EJ Mortsell, E Jacobsen, S AF Cepuritis, Rolands Wigum, B. J. Garboczi, E. J. Mortsell, Ernst Jacobsen, Stefan TI Filler from crushed aggregate for concrete: Pore structure, specific surface, particle shape and size distribution SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Crushed aggregate fines; Pore structure; Absorption; Specific surface area; Size distribution; Particle shape ID TOMOGRAPHY; VOLUME AB Characteristics of fine particles (0-125 mu m diameter) from seven different crushed and natural sands from five different Norwegian rock types were determined. The results suggest that the same water absorption values, as determined by EN 1097-6 on coarser sand fractions, can be applied to the fines. The values of specific surface area measurements vary widely between different materials and between different measurement methods. BET measurements seem to be strongly affected by the mineralogical composition (presence of mica) and surface morphology (weathering) of the particles. Specific surface area calculated from the particle size distributions (PSD) is mainly dependent on the precision of the test methods in the size range below about 3-5 mu m, because these small particles contain most of the surface area. Shape measurements by both Dynamic Image Analysis (DIA), which is a 2-D method, and X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu CT), which is a 3-D method, have yielded similar relative length-to-thickness aspect ratios of the particles between different mineralogies, though with lower absolute values for DIA due to 2-D projection of 3-D quantities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cepuritis, Rolands; Jacobsen, Stefan] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Cepuritis, Rolands] Norcem AS HeidelbergCement, R&D Dept, NO-3950 Brevik, Norway. [Wigum, B. J.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Mineral Resources Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Wigum, B. J.] NorStone AS HeidelbergCement, NO-4120 Tau, Norway. [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mortsell, Ernst] NorBetong AS HeidelbergCement, NO-7080 Heimdal, Norway. RP Cepuritis, R (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM rolands.cepuritis@norcem.no; borge.j.wigum@ntnu.no; edward.garboczi@nist.gov; ernst.mortsell@norbetong.no; stefan.jacobsen@ntnu.no RI Wang, Kejin/A-1675-2017; OI Wang, Kejin/0000-0002-7466-3451; Jacobsen, Stefan/0000-0001-8268-9259 FU COIN FX This work is based on work performed in COIN Concrete Innovation Centre (www.coinweb.no) - which is a Centre for Research based Innovation, initiated by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) in 2006. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge COIN for financial support and for facilitating the interaction between research and industry. The authors would also like to acknowledge AnaTec (now part of Microtrac) for their in-kind contribution and help with the DIA measurements. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 54 SI SI BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.03.010 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AT7HR UT WOS:000345107800002 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CF Martys, NS George, WL AF Ferraris, Chiara F. Martys, Nicos S. George, William L. TI Development of standard reference materials for rheological measurements of cement-based materials SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Reference materials; Calibration; Mortar; Paste ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; NEWTONIAN FLUID; VANE AB Rotational rheometers are routinely used for homogeneous materials, but their usage for characterization of a granular fluid like concrete is a relatively new phenomenon. As measurements with rheometers can involve flow in a complex geometry, it is important that they are calibrated with a reference material or an SRM. NIST has produced an SRM for cement paste (SRM 2492) as the first step for the development of a reference material for concrete rheometers. The second step is the development of a reference material for mortar, composed of the SRM 2492 with added spherical beads. Here, material properties, such as viscosity, cannot be measured in fundamental units with certainty, thus modeling was used to determine the plastic viscosity of the SRM mortar which in turn could be compared with experiments. This paper will present the process used to develop the mortar reference material. Measurements and modeling will be presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ferraris, Chiara F.; Martys, Nicos S.; George, William L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, CF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Chiara.Ferraris@nist.gov; Nicos.martys@nist.gov; William.George@nist.gov RI Wang, Kejin/A-1675-2017 OI Wang, Kejin/0000-0002-7466-3451 FU Office of Science within the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science within the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Kenneth Snyder and Jeff Bullard (NIST) for their assistance to review this paper. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 54 SI SI BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.01.008 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AT7HR UT WOS:000345107800005 ER PT J AU Lynch, HJ Thorson, JT Shelton, AO AF Lynch, Heather J. Thorson, James T. Shelton, Andrew Olaf TI Dealing with under- and over-dispersed count data in life history, spatial, and community ecology SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COM-Poisson; complete spatial randomness; Conway-Maxwell-Poisson; generalized Poisson; litter size; point pattern; probability distribution; species diversity ID MAXWELL-POISSON DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE; REGRESSION-MODEL; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; PATTERN; SIZE AB Count data arise frequently in ecological analyses, but regularly violate the equi-dispersion constraint imposed by the most popular distribution for analyzing these data, the Poisson distribution. Several approaches for addressing over-dispersion have been developed (e.g., negative binomial distribution), but methods for including both underdispersion and over-dispersion have been largely overlooked. We provide three specific examples drawn from life-history theory, spatial ecology, and community ecology, and illustrate the use of the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (CMP) distribution as compared to other common models for count data. We find that where equi-dispersion is violated, the CMP distribution performs significantly better than the Poisson distribution, as assessed by information criteria that account for the CMP's additional distribution parameter. The Conway-Maxwell-Poisson distribution has seen rapid development in other fields such as risk analysis and linguistics, but is relatively unknown in the ecological literature. In addition to providing a more flexible exponential distribution for count data that is easily integrated into generalized linear models, the CMP allows ecologists to focus on the magnitude of under-or over-dispersion as opposed to the simple rejection of the equi-dispersion null hypothesis. By demonstrating its suitability in a variety of common ecological applications, we hope to encourage its wider adoption as a flexible alternative to the Poisson. C1 [Lynch, Heather J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shelton, Andrew Olaf] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lynch, HJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 113 Life Sci Bldg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM heather.lynch@stonybrook.edu OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 95 IS 11 BP 3173 EP 3180 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AU0PO UT WOS:000345326000017 ER PT J AU Dutton, PH Jensen, MP Frey, A LaCasella, E Balazs, GH Zarate, P Chassin-Noria, O Sarti-Martinez, AL Velez, E AF Dutton, Peter H. Jensen, Michael P. Frey, Amy LaCasella, Erin Balazs, George H. Zarate, Patricia Chassin-Noria, Omar Laura Sarti-Martinez, Adriana Velez, Elizabeth TI Population structure and phylogeography reveal pathways of colonization by a migratory marine reptile (Chelonia mydas) in the central and eastern Pacific SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; genetic stock structure; marine turtles; mtDNA; phylogeography ID TURTLES DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; GALAPAGOS GREEN TURTLES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; STOCK STRUCTURE; GENE FLOW; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; NESTING POPULATIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA-TURTLES; CONNECTIVITY AB Climate, behavior, ecology, and oceanography shape patterns of biodiversity in marine faunas in the absence of obvious geographic barriers. Marine turtles are an example of highly migratory creatures with deep evolutionary lineages and complex life histories that span both terrestrial and marine environments. Previous studies have focused on the deep isolation of evolutionary lineages (>3 mya) through vicariance; however, little attention has been given to the pathways of colonization of the eastern Pacific and the processes that have shaped diversity within the most recent evolutionary time. We sequenced 770 bp of the mtDNA control region to examine the stock structure and phylogeography of 545 green turtles from eight different rookeries in the central and eastern Pacific. We found significant differentiation between the geographically separated nesting populations and identified five distinct stocks (F-ST=0.08-0.44, P<0.005). Central and eastern Pacific Chelonia mydas form a monophyletic group containing 3 subclades, with Hawaii more closely related to the eastern Pacific than western Pacific populations. The split between sampled central/eastern and western Pacific haplotypes was estimated at around 0.34 mya, suggesting that the Pacific region west of Hawaii has been a more formidable barrier to gene flow in C. mydas than the East Pacific Barrier. Our results suggest that the eastern Pacific was colonized from the western Pacific via the Central North Pacific and that the Revillagigedos Islands provided a stepping-stone for radiation of green turtles from the Hawaiian Archipelago to the eastern Pacific. Our results fit with a broader paradigm that has been described for marine biodiversity, where oceanic islands, such as Hawaii and Revillagigedo, rather than being peripheral evolutionary graveyards, serve as sources and recipients of diversity and provide a mechanism for further radiation. C1 [Dutton, Peter H.; Jensen, Michael P.; Frey, Amy; LaCasella, Erin] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Zarate, Patricia] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zarate, Patricia] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chassin-Noria, Omar] Ctr Multidisciplinario Estudios Biotecnol UMSNH, Fac Biol, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico. [Laura Sarti-Martinez, Adriana] CONANP, Direcc Especies Prioritarias Conservac, Mexico City 14210, DF, Mexico. [Velez, Elizabeth] Kelonian Conservat Soc, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM peter.dutton@noaa.gov NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 4 IS 22 BP 4317 EP 4331 DI 10.1002/ece3.1269 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AU0MD UT WOS:000345316200011 PM 25540693 ER PT J AU Butts, ELR Vallone, PM AF Butts, Erica L. R. Vallone, Peter M. TI Rapid PCR protocols for forensic DNA typing on six thermal cycling platforms SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Forensic DNA; Multiplex PCR; Rapid PCR; STR; Thermal cycler ID FAST AMPLIFICATION; LOCI; VALIDATION; SYSTEM; KIT AB Rapid PCR protocols for the amplification of typing STR multiplexes were evaluated on six different thermal cyclers. Through the use of a faster DNA polymerase coupled with the use of rapid thermal cyclers the amplification cycling times were reduced down to as little as 14 min using PCR primers from the commercially available multiplex STR typing kit Identifiler. Previously described two-step and three-step thermal cycling protocols were evaluated for the six thermal cyclers on 95 unique single-source DNA extracts. CE characterization of the PCR products indicates good peak balance between loci (median values greater than 0.84), and N minus four stutter ratios on averages were 30 to 40% higher than for standard Identifiler PCR conditions. Nonspecific amplification artifacts were observed, but were not observed to migrate within the allele calling bins. With the exception of one locus (D18S51) in a single sample, genotyping results were concordant with manufacturer's recommended amplification conditions utilizing standard thermal cycling procedures. Assay conditions were robust enough to routinely amplify 250 to 500 pg of template DNA. This work describes the protocols for the rapid PCR amplification of STR multiplexes on various PCR thermal cyclers with the future intent to support validation for typing single-source samples in a database laboratory. C1 [Butts, Erica L. R.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butts, ELR (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.butts@nist.gov FU NIST; FBI Biometric Center of Excellence FX The authors wish to thank Dr. David Duewer for contribution to the analysis of STR data. This work was funded in part through interagency agreement between NIST and the FBI Biometric Center of Excellence for the Evaluation of Forensic DNA Typing as a Biometric Tool. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 35 IS 21-22 SI SI BP 3053 EP 3061 DI 10.1002/elps.201400179 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AT9UP UT WOS:000345272200006 PM 25043912 ER PT J AU Bille, TW Weitz, SM Coble, MD Buckleton, J Bright, JA AF Bille, Todd W. Weitz, Steven M. Coble, Michael D. Buckleton, John Bright, Jo-Anne TI Comparison of the performance of different models for the interpretation of low level mixed DNA profiles SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Forensic DNA; Lab Retriever; Mixture interpretation; RMP; STRmix (TM) ID STUTTER; LOCI AB DNA analyses from forensic casework samples commonly result in complex DNA profiles. Often, these profiles consist of multiple contributors and display multiple stochastic events such as peak height imbalance, allelic or locus drop-out, allelic drop-in, and excessive or indistinguishable stutter. This increased complexity has established a need for more sophisticated methods of DNA mixture interpretation. This study compares the effectiveness of statistical models in the interpretation of artificially created low template two person mixed DNA profiles at varying proportions and template quantities. Two binary models (combined probability of inclusion and random match probability), a semicontinuous (Lab retriever), and continuous model (STRmix (TM)) were compared. Generally, as the sophistication of the models increases, the power of discrimination increases. Differences in discrimination often correlate to each model's ability to use observed data effectively. Binary models require static thresholds resulting in unused data and outliers thatmay lead to difficult or incorrect interpretation. Semicontinuous and continuous models eliminate the stochastic threshold, however Lab Retriever does not account for stochastic events beyond drop-out and drop-in leading to possible less effective use of the data. STRmix (TM) incorporates all stochastic events listed above into the calculation making the most effective use of the observed data. C1 [Bille, Todd W.; Weitz, Steven M.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos, Beltsville, MD USA. [Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Buckleton, John; Bright, Jo-Anne] Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Bille, TW (reprint author), US Bur ATF, Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos, 6000 Ammendale Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM todd.bille@atf.gov FU US National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K541] FX The authors would like to thank Becky Hill (NIST) for sample selection and technical assistance. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, software, and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, software, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work was supported in part by grant 2011-DN-BX-K541 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2014 VL 35 IS 21-22 SI SI BP 3125 EP 3133 DI 10.1002/elps.201400110 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AT9UP UT WOS:000345272200015 PM 25168355 ER PT J AU Grossman, EN Leong, K Mei, XB Deal, W AF Grossman, Erich N. Leong, Kevin Mei, Xiaobing Deal, William TI Low-Frequency Noise and Passive Imaging With 670 GHz HEMT Low-Noise Amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Imaging; passive; submillimeter (submm); terahertz (THz); 1/f-noise; HEMT; InP AB We combine newly developed InP HEMT amplifiers operating at 670 GHz with a zero-bias diode (ZBD) in order to investigate limits on passive imaging performance possible with fully uncooled, direct-detection technology. Noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) values under 2 K are found for reference conditions (30 Hz modulation). However, noise spectra continue to fall approximately as 1/f out to "knee" frequencies of several hundred hertz (Hz) and spectral densities of similar to 0.12 K/Hz(1/2) for the current, somewhat gain-starved, amplifiers. The amplifier alone contributes 0.043 K/Hz(1/2). These results indicate that modest-sized, rapidly scanned arrays should provide real-time, passive imaging-desired for standoff security screening and other applications-with the same image quality as cryogenic bolometer arrays. C1 [Grossman, Erich N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leong, Kevin; Mei, Xiaobing; Deal, William] Northrop Grumman Corp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov FU U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the Terahertz Electronics program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the Terahertz Electronics program. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 4 IS 6 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2014.2352035 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA AT5MY UT WOS:000344988200015 ER PT J AU Klotz, BW Uhlhorn, EW AF Klotz, Bradley W. Uhlhorn, Eric W. TI Improved Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer Tropical Cyclone Surface Winds in Heavy Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FORECASTING EXPERIMENT; BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RAIN-RATE; X-BAND; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; HURRICANES; SEA; ATTENUATION; AIRCRAFT; EMISSION AB Surface wind speeds retrieved from airborne stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) brightness temperature measurements are important for estimating hurricane intensity. The SFMR performance is highly reliable at hurricane-force wind speeds, but accuracy is found to degrade at weaker wind speeds, particularly in heavy precipitation. Specifically, a significant overestimation of surface wind speeds is found in these conditions, suggesting inaccurate accounting for the impact of rain on the measured microwave brightness temperature. In this study, the wind speed bias is quantified over a broad range of operationally computed wind speeds and rain rates, based on a large sample of collocated SFMR wind retrievals and global positioning system dropwindsonde surface-adjusted wind speeds. The retrieval bias is addressed by developing a new SFMR C-band relationship between microwave absorption and rain rate (kappa-R) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft tail Doppler radar reflectivity and in situ Droplet Measurement Technologies Precipitation Imaging Probe measurements to more accurately model precipitation impacts. Absorption is found to be a factor of 2 weaker than is estimated by the currently operational algorithm. With this new kappa-R relationship, surface wind retrieval bias is significantly reduced in the presence of rain at wind speeds weaker than hurricane force. At wind speeds greater than hurricane force where little bias exists, no significant change is found. Furthermore, maximum rain rates computed using the revised algorithm are around 50% greater than operational measurements, which is more consistent with maximum reflectivity-estimated rain rates in hurricanes. C1 [Klotz, Bradley W.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Klotz, BW (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bklotz@rsmas.miami.edu RI Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 FU NOAA's Joint Hurricane Testbed through the U.S. Weather Research Program of OAR's Office of Weather and Air Quality; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX The authors acknowledge the support and comments of the internal reviewers, Dr. Sim Aberson and Dr. Frank Marks, at NOAA's Hurricane Research Division. Also, comments from Christopher Landsea and Eric Blake at the National Hurricane Center were helpful during this process. Thanks to Robert Black of NOAA's Hurricane Research Division for providing the PIP data, and Dr. Sylvie Lorsolo of AIR Worldwide (formerly of the University of Miami, CIMAS) for providing and assisting in the analysis of the TDR vertical profile data. Dr. John Gamache (HRD) provided helpful discussions concerning additional issues with the TDR data. This work was supported by NOAA's Joint Hurricane Testbed through the U.S. Weather Research Program of OAR's Office of Weather and Air Quality, which also provided financial support for Mr. Klotz. This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2392 EP 2408 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00028.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5UR UT WOS:000345008300002 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Kennedy, PC Cifelli, R AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Kennedy, Patrick C. Cifelli, Robert TI Experimentally Based Estimates of Relations between X-Band Radar Signal Attenuation Characteristics and Differential Phase in Rain SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; WEATHER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; ALGORITHM AB Correcting observed polarimetric radar variables for attenuation and differential attenuation effects in rain is important for meteorological applications involving measurements at attenuating frequencies such as those at X band. The results of estimating the coefficients in the correction-scheme relations from dual-wavelength polarimetric radar measurements of rainfall involving attenuating and nonattenuating frequencies are described. Such coefficients found directly from measurements are essentially free from different assumptions about drop shapes, drop size distributions, and/or relations between different radar variables that are typically used in many attenuation and differential attenuation correction schemes. Experimentally based estimates derived using dual-wavelength radar measurements conducted during a project in northern Colorado indicate values of the coefficients in the attenuation-differential phase quasi-linear relations at X band in the approximate range of 0.20-0.31dB deg(-1). The corresponding coefficients in the differential attenuation-differential phase relations are in the range of 0.052-0.065dB deg(-1) C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kennedy, Patrick C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-PSD2,325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) project FX This study was funded in part by the NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) project. The data collection was performed by the CSU-CHILL radar. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2442 EP 2450 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00231.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5UR UT WOS:000345008300005 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Ignatov, A Weng, FZ Liang, XM AF Liu, Quanhua Ignatov, Alexander Weng, Fuzhong Liang, XingMing TI Removing Solar Radiative Effect from the VIIRS M12 Band at 3.7 mu m for Daytime Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS; GLINT AB Operational sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval algorithms are stratified into nighttime and daytime. The nighttime algorithm uses two split-window Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) bands-M15 and M16, centered at similar to 11 and similar to 12 mu m, respectively-and a shortwave infrared band-M12, centered at similar to 3.7 mu m. The M12 is most transparent and critical for accurate SST retrievals. However, it is not used during the daytime because of contamination by solar radiation, which is reflected by the ocean surface and scattered by atmospheric aerosols. As a result, daytime VIIRS SST and cloud mask products and applications are degraded and inconsistent with their nighttime counterparts. This study proposes a method to remove the solar contamination from the VIIRS M12 based on theoretical radiative transfer model analyses. The method uses either of the two VIIRS shortwave bands, centered at 1.6 mu m (M10) or 2.25 mu m (M11), to correct for the effect of solar reflectance in M12. Subsequently, the corrected daytime brightness temperature in M12 can be used as input into nighttime cloud mask and SST algorithms. Preliminary comparisons with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) SST analysis suggest that the daytime SST products can be improved and potentially reconciled with the nighttime SST product. However, more substantial case studies and assessments using different SST products are required before the transition of this research work into operational products. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ignatov, Alexander; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Liang, XingMing] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, NOAA, NESDIS,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX This work is supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. Thanks to Boris Petrenko for providing the coefficients for the VIIRS IDPS SST algorithm. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2522 EP 2529 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00051.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5UR UT WOS:000345008300011 ER PT J AU Townsend, E Bryant, GW AF Townsend, Emily Bryant, Garnett W. TI Which resonances in small metallic nanoparticles are plasmonic? SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum plasmonics; metallic nanoparticles; time-dependent density functional theory; quantum core plasmons ID CLUSTERS; OCTOPUS; SPHERES; TOOL AB We use time-dependent density functional theory to examine the character of various resonances corresponding to peaks in the optical response of small metallic nanoparticles. Each resonance has both 'sloshing' and 'inversion' character. The sloshing mode is an oscillation in the occupation of the shells nearest the Fermi energy, transferring charge back and forth from below the Fermi level to above it. It results in oscillation in charge density near the surface of the particle. Inversions monotonically move charge from occupied to unoccupied states, and result in oscillation in charge density in the core of the particle. We also discuss the dependence of the optical response on the size of the simulation grid, noting that the character of resonances appears stable with respect to changes in simulation size, even though the details of the spectrum change. This makes a reliable characterization possible. We consider what characteristics are important in deciding that a resonance is plasmonic. C1 [Townsend, Emily] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Townsend, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM etownsend@eml.cc; garnett.bryant@nist.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 11 AR 114022 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114022 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AT4MX UT WOS:000344914500023 ER PT J AU Liard, M Martys, NS George, WL Lootens, D Hebraud, P AF Liard, Maxime Martys, Nicos S. George, William L. Lootens, Didier Hebraud, Pascal TI Scaling laws for the flow of generalized Newtonian suspensions SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE-PARTICLE-DYNAMICS; NON-COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; VISCOELASTIC MATRIX; VISCOMETRIC FUNCTIONS; VISCOSITY; SPHERES; HYDRODYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB It has been observed that flow curves (viscosity vs shear rate) of spherical solid inclusions suspended in a generalized Newtonian fluid medium can be rescaled so as to collapse onto the flow curve of the fluid medium. This result is surprising given the range of values and the spatial heterogeneity of local shear rates and viscosity in such systems. We consider such scaling for the cases of shear thinning, Newtonian, and shear-thickening fluid media. Results from experiment and computational modeling are presented that examine the microscopic origins of this scaling behavior. Over a wide range of volume fractions (5-50%), it is shown that the distribution of local shear rates can be collapsed onto a single universal curve. The parameters for rescaling the shear rate distributions can be analytically related to the macroscopic rescaling parameters for the viscosity. As a result of this rescaling capability, one may measure the properties of the fluid medium and predict the macroscopic behavior of the suspension. (C) 2014 The Society of Rheology. C1 [Liard, Maxime; Hebraud, Pascal] CNRS, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [Liard, Maxime; Lootens, Didier] SIKA Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Martys, Nicos S.; George, William L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hebraud, P (reprint author), CNRS, IPCMS, 23 Rue Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. EM pascal.hebraud@ipcms.unistra.fr FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; ANR [AgregEx ANR-13-BS09-0002-02] FX The authors would like to thank Kenneth Snyder for carefully reading this paper and making many useful comments. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was supported by ANR Grant AgregEx ANR-13-BS09-0002-02. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2014 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1993 EP 2015 DI 10.1122/1.4896896 PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA AT8PL UT WOS:000345194700017 ER PT J AU Guillevic, PC Biard, JC Hulley, GC Privette, JL Hook, SJ Olioso, A Gottsche, FM Radocinski, R Roman, MO Yu, YY Csiszar, I AF Guillevic, Pierre C. Biard, James C. Hulley, Glynn C. Privette, Jeffrey L. Hook, Simon J. Olioso, Albert Goettsche, Frank M. Radocinski, Robert Roman, Miguel O. Yu, Yunyue Csiszar, Ivan TI Validation of Land Surface Temperature products derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) using ground-based and heritage satellite measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land Surface Temperature; VIIRS; Validation; MODIS; Ground-based measurements ID TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; BROAD-BAND EMISSIVITY; LAKE TAHOE; MODIS DATA; ASTER; ALGORITHM; SURFRAD; VEGETATION; MODEL AB Thermal infrared satellite observations of the Earth's surface are widely used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST) and monitor LST changes around the world. Since January 2012, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) has provided daily observations of LST with a spatial resolution of 750 m at nadir. Comparison of the standard VIIRS LST product with the equivalent daily standard product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection-5 and with ground-based measurements over vegetated and inland water surfaces showed good agreement Analysis indicated the accuracy and precision of the VIIRS product over these cover types was 02 K and 2.0 K respectively provided the analyses included appropriate compensation for any spatial heterogeneity in LST within the validation site. However, comparisons between in situ LST and the VIIRS and MODIS LST over arid and semi-arid regions indicate both satellite products significantly underestimate the LST, and the VIIRS algorithm can have large errors in the retrieved LST over areas of high atmospheric water vapor. Errors of up to 4 K were observed over semi-arid and arid areas due to incorrect characterization of emissivity, and differences of up to 15 K were observed over areas with high atmospheric water content between the VIIRS LST and matching MODIS LST. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guillevic, Pierre C.; Hulley, Glynn C.; Hook, Simon J.; Radocinski, Robert] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Biard, James C.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Biard, James C.; Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Olioso, Albert] INRA, EMMAH, Avignon, France. [Goettsche, Frank M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Roman, Miguel O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Guillevic, PC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM pierre.c.guillevic@jpl.nasa.gov RI Biard, James/E-5593-2014; Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012; Gottsche, Frank-Michael/A-7362-2013; Hook, Simon/D-5920-2016; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 OI Biard, James/0000-0002-2952-2828; Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X; Gottsche, Frank-Michael/0000-0001-5836-5430; Hook, Simon/0000-0002-0953-6165; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272; FU Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina - Joint Polar Satellite System program [NA09NES4400006]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) FX The research described in this paper was carried out at (1) the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006 supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System program, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project, and at (2) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, under contract with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA). The VIIRS data are distributed by the NOAA's Comprehensive large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS, http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov). The MODIS data used in the study are distributed by the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (http://earthdata.nasa.gov). The in situ data from Gobabeb, Namibia, were collected within the context of the LSA-SAF ( http://landsaf.ipma.pt), a project funded by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The authors would like to thank Dr. Zhengming Wan from University of Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Dr. John Augustine from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA and Dr. Alain Sei from Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA, USA for their scientific support regarding MODIS, SURFRAD and VIIRS products. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 154 SI SI BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.013 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AT8SI UT WOS:000345201900003 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Thorson, JT Ward, EJ Feist, BE AF Shelton, Andrew Olaf Thorson, James T. Ward, Eric J. Feist, Blake E. TI Spatial semiparametric models improve estimates of species abundance and distribution SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE DATA SETS; COUNT DATA AB Accurate estimates of abundance are imperative for successful conservation and management. Classical, stratified abundance estimators provide unbiased estimates of abundance, but such estimators may be imprecise and impede assessment of population status and trend when the distribution of individuals is highly variable in space. Model-based procedures that account for important environmental covariates can improve overall precision, but frequently there is uncertainty about the contribution of particular environmental variables and a lack of information about variables that are important determinants of abundance. We develop a general semiparametric mixture model that incorporates measured habitat variables and a non-parametric smoothing term to account for unmeasured variables. We contrast this spatial habitat approach with two stratified abundance estimators and compare the three models using an intensively managed marine fish, darkblotched rockfish (Sebastes crameri). We show that the spatial habitat model yields more precise, biologically reasonable, and interpretable estimates of abundance than the classical methods. Our results suggest that while design-based estimators are unbiased, they may exaggerate temporal variability of populations and strongly influence inference about population trend. Furthermore, when such estimates are used in broader meta-analyses, such imprecision may affect the broader biological inference (e. g., the causes and consequences of the variability of populations). C1 [Shelton, Andrew Olaf; Ward, Eric J.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov RI Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012; OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1655 EP 1666 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0508 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CN UT WOS:000344604800006 ER PT J AU Losee, JP Miller, JA Peterson, WT Teel, DJ Jacobson, KC AF Losee, James P. Miller, Jessica A. Peterson, William T. Teel, David J. Jacobson, Kym C. TI Influence of ocean ecosystem variation on trophic interactions and survival of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA-RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; PARASITE COMMUNITIES; MARINE SURVIVAL; HELMINTH-PARASITES; ILLEX-COINDETII; FEEDING ECOLOGY; JACK MACKEREL AB The community of trophically transmitted marine parasites of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon across 8 years (2002-2009) was related to indices of physical and biological ocean conditions and adult returns. When the biomass of lipid-poor, southern origin copepods in the coastal ocean was high during juvenile salmon outmigration from fresh water (April-June), yearling coho and Chinook salmon harbored a different trophically transmitted parasite fauna and exhibited lower survival compared with years when the southern copepod biomass was low. As copepods are key intermediate hosts in many marine parasite life cycles, these results support a trophic linkage between the copepod community and salmon prey. Interannual variation in the parasite community was correlated with survival of coho salmon (r = -0.67) measured 1 year later and adult returns of Upper Columbia River summer and fall Chinook salmon (r = -0.94) 3 years from the time of ocean entry. C1 [Losee, James P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, North Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Losee, James P.; Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.; Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Losee, JP (reprint author), 600 Capitol Way N, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM james.losee@dfw.wa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [00053808]; Oregon State University's Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Mamie Markham Research Award; Neil Armantrout Scholarship from Oregon State University FX Bruce McCune assisted in data analysis, and the crew of the F/V Frosti and many scientists assisted in collection of samples at sea and in the lab. In particular, we thank Antonio Baptista, Jennifer Fisher, Cheryl Morgan, Jay Peterson, Joe Needoba, Tawnya Peterson, Laurie Weitkamp, David Kuligowski, Donald Van Doornik, Andrew Claiborne, Andrew Claxton, Mary Beth Rew, and Kate Losee. Funding for this study was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (contract No. 00053808), Oregon State University's Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Mamie Markham Research Award, and the Neil Armantrout Scholarship from Oregon State University. We appreciate the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1747 EP 1757 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0043 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AT0CN UT WOS:000344604800014 ER PT J AU Pham, TD Hudson, MR Brown, CM Lobo, RF AF Pham, Trong D. Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Lobo, Raul F. TI Molecular Basis for the High CO2 Adsorption Capacity of Chabazite Zeolites SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide adsorption; chabazite; neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction; zeolites ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MIXED CATION ZEOLITE; SOLID-STATE NMR; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; EXCHANGED CHABAZITE; CALORIMETRIC HEATS; CRYSTAL STRUCTURES; SITE PREFERENCES AB CO2 adsorption in Li-, Na-, K-CHA (Si/Al=6,=12), and silica chabazite zeolites was investigated by powder diffraction. Two CO2 adsorption sites were found in all chabazites with CO2 locating in the 8-membered ring (8MR) pore opening being the dominant site. Electric quadrupole-electric field gradient and dispersion interactions drive CO2 adsorption at the middle of the 8MRs, while CO2 polarization due to interaction with cation sites controls the secondary CO2 site. In Si-CHA, adsorption is dominated by dispersion interactions with CO2 observed on the pore walls and in 8MRs. CO2 adsorption complexes on dual cation sites were observed on K-CHA, important for K-CHA-6 samples due to a higher probability of two K+ cations bridging CO2. Trends in isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption based on cation type and concentration can be correlated with adsorption sites and CO2 quantity. A decrease in the hardness of metal cations results in a decrease in the direct interaction of these cations with CO2. C1 [Pham, Trong D.; Brown, Craig M.; Lobo, Raul F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, CM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 150 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; lobo@udel.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H256]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NIST National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Associate program; Vietnam Education Foundation (VEF) FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U. S. Department of Commerce. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We wish to thank Greg Halder for help with the diffraction data collection on 1-BM-C at the APS and the APS for the use of the helium glovebox in Sector 9. We also thank the NIST National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Associate program for support of M. R. H. Trong Pham acknowledges support from Vietnam Education Foundation (VEF). NR 77 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 73 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PD NOV PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3031 EP 3038 DI 10.1002/cssc.201402555 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS9BM UT WOS:000344538400009 PM 25273234 ER PT J AU Kumar, BP Vialard, J Lengaigne, M Murty, VSN Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ Pous, S Montegut, CD AF Kumar, B. Praveen Vialard, J. Lengaigne, M. Murty, V. S. N. Foltz, G. R. McPhaden, M. J. Pous, S. Montegut, C. de Boyer TI Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean; Surface temperature interannual variability; ENSO; IOD ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; SEYCHELLES DOME; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; HEAT-BUDGET; CIRCULATION; IMPACT; MODEL AB Sea-surface temperature interannual anomalies (SSTAs) in the thermocline ridge of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (TRIO) have several well-documented climate impacts. In this paper, we explore the physical processes responsible for SSTA evolution in the TRIO region using a combination of observational estimates and model-derived surface layer heat budget analyses. Vertical oceanic processes contribute most to SSTA variance from December to June, while lateral advection dominates from July to November. Atmospheric fluxes generally damp SSTA generation in the TRIO region. As a result of the phase opposition between the seasonal cycle of vertical processes and lateral advection, there is no obvious peak in SSTA amplitude in boreal winter, as previously noted for heat content anomalies. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the remote influence of El Nino induce comparable warming over the TRIO region, though IOD signals peak earlier (November-December) than those associated with El Nino (around March-May). Mechanisms controlling the SSTA growth in the TRIO region induced by these two climate modes differ strongly. While SSTA growth for the IOD mostly results from southward advection of warmer water, increased surface shortwave flux dominates the El Nino SSTA growth. In both cases, vertical oceanic processes do not contribute strongly to the initial SSTA growth, but rather maintain the SSTA by opposing the effect of atmospheric negative feedbacks during the decaying phase. C1 [Kumar, B. Praveen] Govt India, Minist Earth Sci, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Vialard, J.; Lengaigne, M.; Pous, S.] UPMC, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approches Numer, CNRS, IRD,MNHN, Paris, France. [Murty, V. S. N.] CSIR Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Vishakhapatnam, India. [Foltz, G. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pous, S.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, IRD, LMI ICEMASA, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Montegut, C. de Boyer] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Kumar, BP (reprint author), Govt India, Minist Earth Sci, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM praveen.b@incois.gov.in RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; de Boyer Montegut, Clement/F-9717-2010; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; de Boyer Montegut, Clement/0000-0003-3218-9330; FU Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); GENCI-IDRIS [2010-011140] FX B. Praveen Kumar did this work while at CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO, Goa, India), with a research grant from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, Govt. of India). Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, France) provided him a "BEST" grant to support a one-year visit to Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN, Paris). Jerome Vialard and Matthieu Lengaigne are funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). Matthieu Lengaigne provided his contribution to this paper while visiting the CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO) in Goa, India. Anne-Charlotte Peter ran the lower resolution global experiment that we used in this study. Model experiments were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (Grant 2010-011140). We thank the OSCAR project office for providing Oscar currents data and the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for providing the World Ocean Atlas dataset. TropFlux data is developed as a research collaboration between CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO, India), ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (ESSO-INCOIS) and Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Experimentation et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN, Paris), and downloaded from http://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/tropflux/. We thank three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments on an initial version of the manuscript, and the editor for a quick review process. This is INCOIS contribution number 163, and PMEL contribution number 4108. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 2377 EP 2397 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2059-y PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS8DJ UT WOS:000344480100004 ER PT J AU Graham, FS Brown, JN Langlais, C Marsland, SJ Wittenberg, AT Holbrook, NJ AF Graham, Felicity S. Brown, Jaclyn N. langlais, Clothilde Marsland, Simon J. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Holbrook, Neil J. TI Effectiveness of the Bjerknes stability index in representing ocean dynamics SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO dynamics; Bjerknes stability index ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; LAYER HEAT-BALANCE; ZONAL ADVECTIVE FEEDBACKS; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES; EL-NINO EVENTS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; RECHARGE PARADIGM; COUPLED MODEL AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring coupled phenomenon originating in the tropical Pacific Ocean that relies on ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The Bjerknes stability index (BJ index), derived from the mixed-layer heat budget, aims to quantify the ENSO feedback process in order to explore the linear stability properties of ENSO. More recently, the BJ index has been used for model intercomparisons, particularly for the CMIP3 and CMIP5 models. This study investigates the effectiveness of the BJ index in representing the key ENSO ocean feedbacks-namely the thermocline, zonal advective, and Ekman feedbacks-by evaluating the amplitudes and phases of the BJ index terms against the corresponding heat budget terms from which they were derived. The output from Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Ocean Model (a global ocean/sea ice flux-forced model) is used to calculate the heat budget in the equatorial Pacific. Through the model evaluation process, the robustness of the BJ index terms are tested. We find that the BJ index overestimates the relative importance of the thermocline feedback to the zonal advective feedback when compared with the corresponding terms from the heat budget equation. The assumption of linearity between variables in the BJ index formulation is the primary reason for these differences. Our results imply that a model intercomparison relying on the BJ index to explain ENSO behavior is not necessarily an accurate quantification of dynamical differences between models that are inherently nonlinear. For these reasons, the BJ index may not fully explain underpinning changes in ENSO under global warming scenarios. C1 [Graham, Felicity S.; Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Brown, Jaclyn N.; langlais, Clothilde] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Marsland, Simon J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Graham, FS (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM fsm@utas.edu.au RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Graham, Felicity/B-9218-2015; Brown, Jaclyn/A-1121-2013; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Holbrook, Neil/M-7544-2013 OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Graham, Felicity/0000-0002-2324-2120; Brown, Jaclyn/0000-0002-2503-9337; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Holbrook, Neil/0000-0002-3523-6254 FU Australian Government Department of the Environment; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Program; NCI National Facility at the ANU; Australian Postgraduate Award; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship FX We would like to thank Dietmar Dommenget and Simon Wotherspoon for helpful discussions on this work, and SeonTae Kim, Agus Santoso and two anonymous reviewers for providing useful feedback to improve the manuscript. The ACCESS-OM model is supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Program, and the NCI National Facility at the ANU. The CARS MLD product was derived from the CSIRO Atlas of Regional Seas from CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. This research is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award and a CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship and makes a contribution to the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 2399 EP 2414 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2062-3 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS8DJ UT WOS:000344480100005 ER PT J AU Graham, WM Gelcich, S Robinson, KL Duarte, CM Brotz, L Purcell, JE Madin, LP Mianzan, H Sutherland, KR Uye, S Pitt, KA Lucas, CH Bogeberg, M Brodeur, RD Condon, RH AF Graham, William M. Gelcich, Stefan Robinson, Kelly L. Duarte, Carlos M. Brotz, Lucas Purcell, Jennifer E. Madin, Laurence P. Mianzan, Hermes Sutherland, Kelly R. Uye, Shin-ichi Pitt, Kylie A. Lucas, Cathy H. Bogeberg, Molly Brodeur, Richard D. Condon, Rolert H. TI Linking human well-being and jellyfish: ecosystem services, impacts, and societal responses SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; BIODIVERSITY; COASTAL; BLOOMS; OCEAN; GULF; SEA; ASSOCIATIONS; CALIFORNIA; WATERS AB Jellyfish are usually perceived as harmful to humans and are seen as "pests". This negative perception has hindered knowledge regarding their value in terms of ecosystem services. As humans increasingly modify and interact with coastal ecosystems, it is important to evaluate the benefits and costs of jellyfish, given that jellyfish bloom size, frequency, duration, and extent are apparently increasing in some regions of the world. Here we explore those benefits and costs as categorized by regulating, supporting, cultural, and provisioning ecosystem services. A geographical perspective of human vulnerability to jellyfish over four categories of human well-being (health care, food, energy, and freshwater production) is also discussed in the context of thresholds and trade-offs to enable social adaptation. Whereas beneficial services provided by jellyfish likely scale linearly with biomass (perhaps peaking at a saturation point), non-linear thresholds exist for negative impacts to ecosystem services. We suggest that costly adaptive strategies will outpace the beneficial services if jellyfish populations continue to increase in the future. C1 [Graham, William M.; Robinson, Kelly L.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Lab Int Cambio Global, Fac Ciencias Biol, Santiago, Chile. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil, Fac Ciencias Biol, Santiago, Chile. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzaaos IMEDEA, Dept Global Change Res, Esporles, Spain. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, Australia. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, Australia. [Brotz, Lucas] Univ British Columbia, Sea Us Project, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Brotz, Lucas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Purcell, Jennifer E.] Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA USA. [Madin, Laurence P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mianzan, Hermes] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Sutherland, Kelly R.] Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Uye, Shin-ichi] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. [Pitt, Kylie A.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Gold Coast, Australia. [Pitt, Kylie A.] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Gold Coast, Australia. [Lucas, Cathy H.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Bogeberg, Molly] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. [Condon, Rolert H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Graham, WM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM monty.graham@usm.edu RI Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Pitt, Kylie/N-7421-2014 OI Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Pitt, Kylie/0000-0002-2292-2052 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis comes from National Science Foundation [DEB-94-21535]; University of California at Santa Barbara; State of California FX Funding for the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis comes from National Science Foundation Grant DEB-94-21535, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank S Piraino for suggested references. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 96 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 12 IS 9 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1890/130298 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AT3PK UT WOS:000344846200016 ER PT J AU Lu, JW Jiao, GF Vaz, C Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Cheung, KP Bersuker, G Young, C AF Lu, Jiwu Jiao, Guangfan Vaz, Canute Campbell, Jason Paul Ryan, Jason Thomas Cheung, Kin P. Bersuker, Gennadi Young, Chadwin TI PBTI-Induced Random Timing Jitter in Circuit-Speed Random Logic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Jitter; positive bias temperature instability (PBTI); pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; NBTI DEGRADATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; RELIABILITY; RECOVERY; DESIGN AB Accurate reliability predictions of real-world digital logic circuits rely heavily on the relevancy of device-level testing. In the case of bias temperature instability (BTI), where recovery plays a significant role, a leap of faith is taken to translate device-level reliability data into a practical information for the real-world circuit implications. In this paper, we develop a methodology to bridge this gap by employing an eye diagram approach, which allows us to monitor, at circuit speed, device-level random jitter degradation in response to stress. By employing a variety of positive BTI gate voltage stress and sense bit sequences (including dc, ring oscillator (RO), and pseudorandom), we are able to compare the effectiveness of these approaches at capturing random timing jitter. We find that conventional RO-type measurements are unable to capture the random jitter degradation. This calls into question the effectiveness of using RO structures as a proxy for real-random logic circuits. Only when a pseudorandom bit sequence is employed does the true extent of jitter degradation become observable. This is an important development and serves as an accurate means to translate device-level reliability data to predict real-world digital logic circuit degradation. C1 [Lu, Jiwu; Vaz, Canute; Campbell, Jason Paul; Ryan, Jason Thomas; Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiao, Guangfan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bersuker, Gennadi] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Young, Chadwin] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Young, Chadwin] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Lu, JW (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiwu.lu@hotmail.com; gfjiao@gmail.com; canute.vaz@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov; jason.ryan@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov; gennadi.bersuker@sematech.org; chadwin.young@utdallas.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2014 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3613 EP 3618 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2357675 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AS9DU UT WOS:000344544200006 ER PT J AU Blanchard, Y Pelon, J Eloranta, EW Moran, KP Delanoe, J Seze, G AF Blanchard, Yann Pelon, Jacques Eloranta, Edwin W. Moran, Kenneth P. Delanoe, Julien Seze, Genevieve TI A Synergistic Analysis of Cloud Cover and Vertical Distribution from A-Train and Ground-Based Sensors over the High Arctic Station Eureka from 2006 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Clouds; Climatology; Lidars; Lidar observations; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID PROFILING RADAR; WATER-VAPOR; PART II; SEA-ICE; CALIPSO; SURFACE; LIDAR; OCEAN; MODIS; TRENDS AB Active remote sensing instruments such as lidar and radar allow one to accurately detect the presence of clouds and give information on their vertical structure and phase. To better address cloud radiative impact over the Arctic area, a combined analysis based on lidar and radar ground-based and A-Train satellite measurements was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of cloud detection, as well as cloud type and vertical distribution, over the Eureka station (80 degrees N, 86 degrees W) between June 2006 and May 2010. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and CloudSat data were first compared with independent ground-based cloud measurements. Seasonal and monthly trends from independent observations were found to be similar among all datasets except when compared with the weather station observations because of the large reported fraction of ice crystals suspended in the lower troposphere in winter. Further investigations focused on satellite observations that are collocated in space and time with ground-based data. Cloud fraction occurrences from ground-based instruments correlated well with both CALIPSO operational products and combined CALIPSO-CloudSat retrievals, with a hit rate of 85%. The hit rate was only 77% for CloudSat products. The misdetections were mainly attributed to 1) undetected low-level clouds as a result of sensitivity loss and 2) missed clouds because of the distance between the satellite track and the station. The spaceborne lidar-radar synergy was found to be essential to have a complete picture of the cloud vertical profile down to 2 km. Errors are quantified and discussed. C1 [Blanchard, Yann; Pelon, Jacques; Delanoe, Julien] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Atmospheres, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Moran, Kenneth P.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Seze, Genevieve] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Blanchard, Y (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LATMOS, Boite 102,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM yann.blanchard@latmos.ipsl.fr FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX Acknowledgments are due to CANDAC, SEARCH, and Environment Canada for their operational support as well as for the AHSRL, MMCR, radiosondes, and observation data at Eureka. The authors thank the CALIPSO team at the NASA Langley Research Center, the ICARE data Center in Lille (France), and the CloudSat team at Colorado State University for the availability of the level-2 data. This research was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 53 IS 11 BP 2553 EP 2570 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0021.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT4UL UT WOS:000344938500009 ER PT J AU Mazzucco, S Wang, Y Tanase, M Picher, M Li, K Wu, ZJ Irle, S Sharma, R AF Mazzucco, Stefano Wang, Ying Tanase, Mihaela Picher, Matthieu Li, Kai Wu, Zhijian Irle, Stephan Sharma, Renu TI Direct evidence of active and inactive phases of Fe catalyst nanoparticles for carbon nanotube formation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Active and inactive catalyst; Carbon nanotubes; Fischer-Tropsch; In situ Environmental transmission electron microscopy; ETEM; Iron carbides ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; IRON CATALYST; HAGG-CARBIDE; BASIS-SET; ADSORPTION; EFFICIENT; SURFACES; POINTS AB Iron-carbon interactions play an important role in various industrial activities such as liquid fuel production by the Fischer-Tropsch process and carbon nanotube synthesis by chemical vapor deposition. In both cases, catalytic activity is confined to a subset of catalyst nanoparticles. Despite the large number of experimental and theoretical studies on the activity of Fe nanoparticles, very little is known about the difference between the active and inactive particles. We use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy to elucidate the differences between active and inactive nanoparticles with respect to carbon nanotube formation. We present direct evidence that nanoparticles with the cementite (Fe3C) structure are active for nanotube growth (C-C bond formation), while carbon-rich particles with Hagg (Fe5C2) structure are inactive. Density functional theory calculations suggest that reduced activity may be due to lower carbon mobility and higher C-C bond formation energies on the surface of nanoparticles with Fe5C2 structure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mazzucco, Stefano; Tanase, Mihaela; Picher, Matthieu; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ying; Li, Kai; Wu, Zhijian] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, State Key Lab Rare Earth Resource Utilizat, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China. [Tanase, Mihaela; Picher, Matthieu] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Irle, Stephan] Nagoya Univ, WPI Inst Transformat Biomol, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Irle, Stephan] Nagoya Univ, Dept Chem, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Irle, Stephan/E-8984-2011 OI Irle, Stephan/0000-0003-4995-4991 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21203174]; Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province [20130522141JH] FX Ying Wang thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support (Grant No.: 21203174) and Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20130522141JH). NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 59 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 319 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.07.023 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA AS7LK UT WOS:000344437400006 ER PT J AU Vasconcellos, ECC Evenson, KM Hockel, H Lauters, M Zink, LR Jackson, M AF Vasconcellos, E. C. C. Evenson, K. M. Hockel, H. Lauters, M. Zink, L. R. Jackson, M. TI Measurement of Laser Frequencies from CD3OH and CD3OD up to 8.6 THz SO JOURNAL OF INFRARED MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES LA English DT Article DE Optically pumped molecular laser; CD3OH; CD3OD ID FAR-INFRARED LASER; PUMPED CD3OH; LINES; METHANOL; EMISSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ASSIGNMENTS; HYDRAZINE; RESONANCE; ISOTOPES AB Twenty two laser frequencies, whose values range from 1.6 to 8.6 THz, have been measured for the first time using heterodyne techniques. These laser emissions were generated by an optically pumped molecular laser that used either CD3OH or CD3OD as its lasing medium. At least three of the observed laser emissions generated by CD3OH were discovered during this investigation and the first laser frequencies measured for CD3OH above 8 THz are reported. The laser frequencies were measured with fractional uncertainties up to +/- 2 x 10(-7), of sufficient accuracy to confirm two proposed far-infrared laser assignments. The offset frequency of the CO2 pump laser with respect to its center frequency was also measured for nearly all laser emissions generated by CD3OH. C1 [Vasconcellos, E. C. C.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, Dept Eletron Quant, Campinas, Brazil. [Evenson, K. M.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Hockel, H.; Lauters, M.; Zink, L. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Jackson, M.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RP Jackson, M (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM jacksonm@cwu.edu RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 FU National Science Foundation [0078812, 0406556]; Washington Space Grant Consortium [NNX10AK64H]; Central Washington University Faculty Sabbatical Program FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (Award Nos. 0078812 and 0406556), the Washington Space Grant Consortium (Award No. NNX10AK64H), and the Central Washington University Faculty Sabbatical Program. We are also grateful to B. Freeman, C. Gerke, P. Mehl, M. Smith, and E. Westbay for their assistance in measuring several CD3OH laser frequencies. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6892 EI 1866-6906 J9 J INFRARED MILLIM TE JI J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves PD NOV PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11 BP 881 EP 890 DI 10.1007/s10762-014-0108-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA AT2HP UT WOS:000344754900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Lyman, JM AF Johnson, Gregory C. Lyman, John M. TI OCEANOGRAPHY Where's the heat? SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEA-LEVEL; OCEAN C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Lyman, John M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov; john.lyman@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 4 IS 11 BP 956 EP 957 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT0AD UT WOS:000344598400015 ER PT J AU Kapnick, SB Delworth, TL Ashfaq, M Malyshev, S Milly, PCD AF Kapnick, Sarah B. Delworth, Thomas L. Ashfaq, Moetasim Malyshev, Sergey Milly, P. C. D. TI Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; WATER-RESOURCES; HINDU-KUSH; PRECIPITATION; GLACIERS; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; MONSOON AB The high mountains of Asia, including the Karakoram, Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, combine to form a region of perplexing hydroclimate changes. Glaciers have exhibited mass stability or even expansion in the Karakoram region(1-3), contrasting with glacial mass loss across the nearby Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau(1,4), a pattern that has been termed the Karakoram anomaly. However, the remote location, complex terrain and multi-country fabric of high-mountain Asia have made it difficult to maintain longer-term monitoring systems of the meteorological components that may have influenced glacial change. Here we compare a set of high-resolution climate model simulations from 1861 to 2100 with the latest available observations to focus on the distinct seasonal cycles and resulting climate change signatures of Asia's high-mountain ranges. We find that the Karakoram seasonal cycle is dominated by non-monsoonal winter precipitation, which uniquely protects it from reductions in annual snowfall under climate warming over the twenty-first century. The simulations show that climate change signals are detectable only with long and continuous records, and at specific elevations. Our findings suggest a meteorological mechanism for regional differences in the glacier response to climate warming. C1 [Kapnick, Sarah B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ashfaq, Moetasim] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kapnick, SB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM skapnick@princeton.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1038/NGEO2269 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT3CC UT WOS:000344812100018 ER PT J AU Bose, R Cai, T Choudhury, KR Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Bose, Ranojoy Cai, Tao Choudhury, Kaushik Roy Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI All-optical coherent control of vacuum Rabi oscillations SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-QUANTUM-DOT; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL; NANOCAVITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; GENERATION; NETWORK; SYSTEM; STATES AB When an atom strongly couples to a cavity, the two systems can coherently exchange a single quantum excitation through the process of vacuum Rabi oscillation. Controlling this process enables precise synthesis of non-classical light, which plays a central role in quantum information and measurement. Although this control has been realized in microwave-frequency devices, it has been difficult to achieve at optical frequencies, which are essential for quantum communication and metrology. Here, we demonstrate coherent control of vacuum Rabi oscillation in an optical frequency device. We use a photonic molecule composed of two coupled nanocavities to simultaneously achieve strong coupling and a cavityenhanced a.c. Stark shift. The Stark shift tunes a single quantum dot onto resonance with the photonic molecule on picosecond timescales, creating fast coherent transfer of energy between an atomic and photonic excitation. These results enable ultrafast control of light-matter quantum interactions in a nanophotonic device platform. C1 [Bose, Ranojoy; Cai, Tao; Choudhury, Kaushik Roy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, Ranojoy; Cai, Tao; Choudhury, Kaushik Roy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu FU Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Hybrid Quantum Interactions [W911NF09104]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center; National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award [ECCS. 0846494] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Army Research Office Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Hybrid Quantum Interactions (grant no. W911NF09104), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center. E.W. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award (grant no. ECCS. 0846494). NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD NOV PY 2014 VL 8 IS 11 BP 858 EP 864 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.224 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AT3NC UT WOS:000344840400014 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Satellite-observed biological variability in the equatorial Pacific during the 2009-2011 ENSO cycle SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MODIS; Ocean color; Biological variability; ENSO; Equatorial Pacific ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SWIR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL AB The event of 2009-2011 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provides an opportunity to gain insight into the biological variability of the equatorial Pacific Ocean for an entire ENSO cycle with satellite and in situ observations. Even though El Nino and La Nina in general led to respectively weakened and enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration and net primary production (NPP) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 2009-2011 ENSO cycle, biological responses were highly disparate along the equator and attributed to different driving mechanisms. In the eastern equatorial Pacific east of 150 degrees E, the El Nino-La Nina biological change was in general small except for the transition period even though sea surface temperature (SST) showed over C drop from El Nino to La Nina. In the central-eastern (170 degrees W-140 degrees W) equatorial Pacific, moderate change of biological activity is attributed to the changes of thermocline driven by the east-ward propagating equatorial Kelvin waves and changes of zonal currents and undercurrents. Highest biological response in this ENSO cycle was located in the central (170 degrees E-170 degrees W) and central-western (150 degrees E-170 degrees E) equatorial Pacific with quadruple chlorophyll-a concentration and over similar to 400 mg C m(-2) d(-1) increase of NPP from El Nino in 2009 to La Nina in 2010. However, spatial pattern of ENSO biological variability as represented with NPP is not exactly the same as chlorophyll-a variability. Wind-driving mixing of nutrients and eastward advection of the oligotrophic warm pool waters are attributed to this significant biological variability in this region. (C) 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Wei.1.Shi@noaa.gov; Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1913 EP 1923 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3UT UT WOS:000344204200017 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Volkmer, H AF Cohl, Howard S. Volkmer, Hans TI Expansions for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on R-3 in 5-cyclidic harmonics SO ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Laplace equation; fundamental solution; general spectral theory; eigenfunction expansions; asymmetric cyclidic coordinate system AB We derive eigenfunction expansions for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in three-dimensional Euclidean space in 5-cyclidic coordinates. There are three such expansions in terms of internal and external 5-cyclidic harmonics of first, second and third kind. The internal and external 5-cyclidic harmonics are expressed by solutions of a Fuchsian differential equation with five regular singular points. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Volkmer, Hans] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-5305 EI 1793-6861 J9 ANAL APPL JI Anal. Appl. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 12 IS 6 SI SI BP 613 EP 633 DI 10.1142/S0219530514500407 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AS4NJ UT WOS:000344252700002 ER PT J AU France, K Linsky, JL Loyd, ROP AF France, Kevin Linsky, Jeffrey L. Loyd, R. O. Parke TI The ultraviolet radiation environment in the habitable zones around low-mass exoplanet host stars SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Extrasolar planet; Ultraviolet radiation; Habitable zone; Ozone ID M5 V STARS; M-DWARF; F5 V; PLANETS; FLARE; FLUXES AB The EUV (200-911 ), FUV (912-1750 ), and NUV (1750-3200 ) spectral energy distribution of exoplanet host stars has a profound influence on the atmospheres of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. The stellar EUV radiation drives atmospheric heating, while the FUV (in particular, Ly alpha) and NUV radiation fields regulate the atmospheric chemistry: the dissociation of H2O and CO2, the production of O-2 and O-3, and may determine the ultimate habitability of these worlds. Despite the importance of this information for atmospheric modeling of exoplanetary systems, the EUV/FUV/NUV radiation fields of cool (K and M dwarf) exoplanet host stars are almost completely unconstrained by observation or theory. We present observational results from a Hubble Space Telescope survey of M dwarf exoplanet host stars, highlighting the importance of realistic UV radiation fields for the formation of potential biomarker molecules, O-2 and O-3. We conclude by describing preliminary results on the characterization of the UV time variability of these sources. C1 [France, Kevin; Loyd, R. O. Parke] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu FU HST Guest Observing program [12464]; COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs [12034, 12035]; NASA grants [HST-GO-12464.01, NNX08AC146] FX KF thanks Tom Ayres for assistance with STIS echelle spectra and enjoyable discussions about cool star spectroscopy. The data presented here were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing program #12464 and the COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs #12034 and #12035. fWe have enjoyed discussions with collaborators from the International Group with Astronomical Direction (IGwAD) organization. This work was supported by NASA grants HST-GO-12464.01 and NNX08AC146. We also thank the organizers of the "Challenges in UV Astronomy" meeting for an enjoyable conference. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 354 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10509-014-1947-2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AS5OW UT WOS:000344320800002 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Redfield, S AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Redfield, Seth TI The local ISM in three dimensions: kinematics, morphology and physical properties SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Interstellar medium; Interstellar gas; Hot stars; Extreme ultraviolet radiation ID NEARBY INTERSTELLAR GAS; X-RAY-EMISSION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SOLAR-WIND; CLOUD; BUBBLE; IONIZATION; ABSORPTION; ORIGIN; WARM AB We summarize the results of our long-term program to study the kinematics, morphology, and physical properties of warm partially ionized interstellar gas located within 100 pc of the Sun. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and other spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we measure radial velocities of neutral and singly ionized atoms that identify comoving structures (clouds) of warm interstellar gas. We have identified 15 of these clouds located within 15 pc of the Sun. Each of them moves with a different velocity vector, and they have narrow ranges of temperature, turbulence, and metal depletions. We compute a three-dimensional model for the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), in which the Sun is likely embedded near its edge, and the locations and shapes of the other nearby clouds. These clouds are likely separated by ionized Stromgren sphere gas produced by I mu CMa, Sirius B, and other hot white dwarfs. We propose that some of these partially ionized clouds are shells of the Stromgren spheres. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu; sredfield@wesleyan.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 FU NASA HST Grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-11568]; NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX We acknowledge support by NASA HST Grant GO-11568 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA under contract NAS 5-26555. We also thank the Organizing Committee of the Conference on "Challenges in UV Astronomy" for the opportunity to present our work. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 354 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10509-014-1943-6 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AS5OW UT WOS:000344320800005 ER PT J AU Halter, M Bier, E DeRose, PC Cooksey, GA Choquette, SJ Plant, AL Elliott, JT AF Halter, Michael Bier, Elianna DeRose, Paul C. Cooksey, Gregory A. Choquette, Steven J. Plant, Anne L. Elliott, John T. TI An Automated Protocol for Performance Benchmarking a Widefield Fluorescence Microscope SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE cell measurement; image cytometer; high content screening; calibration; quantitative microscopy; instrument qualification; benchmark ID THE-ART COMPARABILITY; SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY; SPECTRAL CORRECTION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; SCMOS CAMERA; CALIBRATION; STANDARDS; CYTOMETER AB Widefield fluorescence microscopy is a highly used tool for visually assessing biological samples and for quantifying cell responses. Despite its widespread use in high content analysis and other imaging applications, few published methods exist for evaluating and benchmarking the analytical performance of a microscope. Easy-to-use benchmarking methods would facilitate the use of fluorescence imaging as a quantitative analytical tool in research applications, and would aid the determination of instrumental method validation for commercial product development applications. We describe and evaluate an automated method to characterize a fluorescence imaging system's performance by benchmarking the detection threshold, saturation, and linear dynamic range to a reference material. The benchmarking procedure is demonstrated using two different materials as the reference material, uranyl-ion-doped glass and Schott 475 GG filter glass. Both are suitable candidate reference materials that are homogeneously fluorescent and highly photostable, and the Schott 475 GG filter glass is currently commercially available. In addition to benchmarking the analytical performance, we also demonstrate that the reference materials provide for accurate day to day intensity calibration. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc. C1 [Halter, Michael; DeRose, Paul C.; Cooksey, Gregory A.; Choquette, Steven J.; Plant, Anne L.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bier, Elianna] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. RP Halter, M (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.halter@nist.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4922 EI 1552-4930 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85A IS 11 BP 978 EP 985 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.22519 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA AS3GT UT WOS:000344166300011 PM 25132217 ER PT J AU Nazare, S Pitts, W Flynn, S Shields, JR Davis, RD AF Nazare, Shonali Pitts, William Flynn, Shaun Shields, John. R. Davis, Rick D. TI Evaluating fire blocking performance of barrier fabrics SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE barrier fabrics; soft furnishings; upholstered furniture; mattress; flammability; smoldering ignition; thermal protective performance; heat release rate; thermal degradation ID CONE CALORIMETER AB A series of evaluations were performed on different types of barrier fabrics (BFs) used in soft furnishings. Fundamental properties that influence the heat transfer characteristics of barrier material as it relates to thermal protection of cushioning components in upholstered products are discussed. This is important to enable a priori selection of BFs such that a final upholstered product complies with flammability regulations. Heat transfer measurements are used to determine effectiveness of materials to be used as barrier materials. A new bench-scale composite test method is also described to assess qualitative fire blocking performance of BFs. When tested for heat transfer characteristics, the area density and thickness of BFs show strong influence. However, when tested as a composite in a mock-up assembly, the BFs considered in this study showed a clear distinction between active and passive BFs. In the case of chemically active BFs, the construction parameters and material properties such as thickness, air permeability, and heat transfer were of little significance. In the case of passive BFs, however, these parameters became decisive. Results from this study suggest that if the BF is not an active fire barrier, then the amount of heat transferred through BF is critical. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nazare, Shonali; Pitts, William; Flynn, Shaun; Shields, John. R.; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nazare, S (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shonalisg@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 38 IS 7 BP 695 EP 716 DI 10.1002/fam.2210 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AS0XJ UT WOS:000343998800001 ER PT J AU Berg, A Lintner, BR Findell, KL Malyshev, S Loikith, PC Gentine, P AF Berg, Alexis Lintner, Benjamin R. Findell, Kirsten L. Malyshev, Sergey Loikith, Paul C. Gentine, Pierre TI Impact of Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Interactions on Surface Temperature Distribution SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PART I; CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; EARTH-SYSTEM; LAND; PRECIPITATION; EXTREMES; FEEDBACK; SCALE; VARIABILITY AB Understanding how different physical processes can shape the probability distribution function (PDF) of surface temperature, in particular the tails of the distribution, is essential for the attribution and projection of future extreme temperature events. In this study, the contribution of soil moisture-atmosphere interactions to surface temperature PDFs is investigated. Soil moisture represents a key variable in the coupling of the land and atmosphere, since it controls the partitioning of available energy between sensible and latent heat flux at the surface. Consequently, soil moisture variability driven by the atmosphere may feed back onto the near-surface climate-in particular, temperature. In this study, two simulations of the current-generation Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Earth System Model, with and without interactive soil moisture, are analyzed in order to assess how soil moisture dynamics impact the simulated climate. Comparison of these simulations shows that soil moisture dynamics enhance both temperature mean and variance over regional "hotspots" of land atmosphere coupling. Moreover, higher-order distribution moments, such as skewness and kurtosis, are also significantly impacted, suggesting an asymmetric impact on the positive and negative extremes of the temperature PDF. Such changes are interpreted in the context of altered distributions of the surface turbulent and radiative fluxes. That the moments of the temperature distribution may respond differentially to soil moisture dynamics underscores the importance of analyzing moments beyond the mean and variance to characterize fully the interplay of soil moisture and near-surface temperature. In addition, it is shown that soil moisture dynamics impacts daily temperature variability at different time scales over different regions in the model. C1 [Berg, Alexis; Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Berg, Alexis; Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Loikith, Paul C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Berg, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Climate & Soc IRI, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM aberg@iri.columbia.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1035968, AGS-1035843]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Grant [NJ07102]; NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [AGS-1331375]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30373]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - British Petroleum FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants AGS-1035968 and AGS-1035843 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Grant NJ07102. A.B. is currently supported by NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship AGS-1331375. S.M. acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (U.S. Department of Commerce) Grant NA08OAR4320752, U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant 2011-67003-30373, and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by British Petroleum. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank Sonia Seneviratne for her comments on the manuscript. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 21 BP 7976 EP 7993 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00591.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS2TE UT WOS:000344131500002 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Delworth, T Gudgel, R Kapnick, S Rosati, A Wittenberg, AT Zeng, F Anderson, W Balaji, V Dixon, K Jia, L Kim, HS Krishnamurthy, L Msadek, R Stern, WF Underwood, SD Villarini, G Yang, X Zhang, S AF Vecchi, G. A. Delworth, T. Gudgel, R. Kapnick, S. Rosati, A. Wittenberg, A. T. Zeng, F. Anderson, W. Balaji, V. Dixon, K. Jia, L. Kim, H. -S. Krishnamurthy, L. Msadek, R. Stern, W. F. Underwood, S. D. Villarini, G. Yang, X. Zhang, S. TI On the Seasonal Forecasting of Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE FREQUENCY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; RETROSPECTIVE FORECASTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART II; TRACKS; TRANSPORT AB Tropical cyclones (TCs) are a hazard to life and property and a prominent element of the global climate system; therefore, understanding and predicting TC location, intensity, and frequency is of both societal and scientific significance. Methodologies exist to predict basinwide, seasonally aggregated TC activity months, seasons, and even years in advance. It is shown that a newly developed high-resolution global climate model can produce skillful forecasts of seasonal TC activity on spatial scales finer than basinwide, from months and seasons in advance of the TC season. The climate model used here is targeted at predicting regional climate and the statistics of weather extremes on seasonal to decadal time scales, and comprises high-resolution (50 km x 50 km) atmosphere and land components as well as more moderate-resolution (similar to 100 km) sea ice and ocean components. The simulation of TC climatology and interannual variations in this climate model is substantially improved by correcting systematic ocean biases through "flux adjustment." A suite of 12-month duration retrospective forecasts is performed over the 1981-2012 period, after initializing the climate model to observationally constrained conditions at the start of each forecast period, using both the standard and flux-adjusted versions of the model. The standard and flux-adjusted forecasts exhibit equivalent skill at predicting Northern Hemisphere TC season sea surface temperature, but the flux-adjusted model exhibits substantially improved basinwide and regional TC activity forecasts, highlighting the role of systematic biases in limiting the quality of TC forecasts. These results suggest that dynamical forecasts of seasonally aggregated regional TC activity months in advance are feasible. C1 [Vecchi, G. A.; Delworth, T.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, G. A.; Delworth, T.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gudgel, R.; Rosati, A.; Wittenberg, A. T.; Zeng, F.; Anderson, W.; Dixon, K.; Jia, L.; Krishnamurthy, L.; Msadek, R.; Stern, W. F.; Yang, X.; Zhang, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Kapnick, S.; Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jia, L.; Krishnamurthy, L.; Msadek, R.; Yang, X.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, H. -S.] Korea Maritime & Ocean Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, Pusan, South Korea. [Underwood, S. D.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Villarini, G.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Jia, Liwei/O-3938-2014; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Underwood, Seth/B-2006-2015; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi/L-7440-2015; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Jia, Liwei/0000-0003-0869-1531; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU NOAA [NA14OAR4830101]; NOAA's Climate Program Office MAPP Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099]; Willis Research Network FX We are grateful to E. Shevliakova and C. Gaitan for helpful comments and suggestions. This work is supported in part by NOAA under Grant NA14OAR4830101, NOAA's Climate Program Office MAPP Program, the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099 (Gabriele Villarini and Gabriel A. Vecchi), and by the Willis Research Network (Hyeong-Seog Kim). We are grateful to F. Vitart, P. Klotzbach, T. LaRow, and H. Wang for providing data of the retrospective predictions skill of their systems. We thank P. Klotzbach and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. NR 72 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 21 BP 7994 EP 8016 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00158.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS2TE UT WOS:000344131500003 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Vecchi, GA Knutson, TR Anderson, WU Delworth, TL Rosati, A Zeng, FR Zhao, M AF Kim, Hyeong-Seog Vecchi, Gabriel A. Knutson, Thomas R. Anderson, Whit U. Delworth, Thomas L. Rosati, Anthony Zeng, Fanrong Zhao, Ming TI Tropical Cyclone Simulation and Response to CO2 Doubling in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; KINETIC-ENERGY; EL-NINO; PART I; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; GCM; IMPACT AB Global tropical cyclone (TC) activity is simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Climate Model, version 2.5 (CM2.5), which is a fully coupled global climate model with a horizontal resolution of about 50 km for the atmosphere and 25 km for the ocean. The present climate simulation shows a fairly realistic global TC frequency, seasonal cycle, and geographical distribution. The model has some notable biases in regional TC activity, including simulating too few TCs in the North Atlantic. The regional biases in TC activity are associated with simulation biases in the large-scale environment such as sea surface temperature, vertical wind shear, and vertical velocity. Despite these biases, the model simulates the large-scale variations of TC activity induced by El Nino Southern Oscillation fairly realistically. The response of TC activity in the model to global warming is investigated by comparing the present climate with a CO2 doubling experiment. Globally, TC frequency decreases (-19%) while the intensity increases (+2.7%) in response to CO2 doubling, consistent with previous studies. The average TC lifetime decreases by -4.6%, while the TC size and rainfall increase by about 3% and 12%, respectively. These changes are generally reproduced across the different basins in terms of the sign of the change, although the percent changes vary from basin to basin and within individual basins. For the Atlantic basin, although there is an overall reduction in frequency from CO2 doubling, the warmed climate exhibits increased interannual hurricane frequency variability so that the simulated Atlantic TC activity is enhanced more during unusually warm years in the CO2-warmed climate relative to that in unusually warm years in the control climate. C1 [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Anderson, Whit U.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hyeong-seog.kim@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; FU Willis Research Network FX We thank the Willis Research Network for funding Hyeong-Seog Kim's participation in this project. NR 71 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 21 BP 8034 EP 8054 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00475.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS2TE UT WOS:000344131500005 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF Burls, NJ Reason, CJC McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. Burls, Natalie J. Reason, Chris J. C. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Variability in the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the Atlantic Nino Mode SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN; REANALYSIS; THERMOCLINE; ENERGETICS; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; ENERGY AB Previous studies have argued that the strength of the South Atlantic subtropical high pressure system, referred to as the South Atlantic anticyclone (SAA), modulates sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Using ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, it is shown here that the strength of the SAA from February to May impacts the timing of the cold tongue onset and the intensity of its development in the eastern equatorial Atlantic via anomalous tropical wind power. This modulation in the timing and amplitude of seasonal cold tongue development manifests itself via SST anomalies peaking between June and August. The timing and impact of this connection is not completely symmetric for warm and cold events. For cold events, an anomalously strong SAA in February and March leads to positive wind power anomalies from February to June resulting in an early cold tongue onset and subsequent cold SST anomalies in June and July. For warm events, the anomalously weak SAA persists until May, generating negative wind power anomalies that lead to a late cold tongue onset as well as a suppression of the cold tongue development and associated warm SST anomalies. Mechanisms by which SAA-induced wind power variations south of the equator influence eastern equatorial Atlantic SST are discussed, including ocean adjustment via Rossby and Kelvin wave propagation, meridional advection, and local intraseasonal wind variations. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burls, Natalie J.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Reason, Chris J. C.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM jluebbecke@geomar.de RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 FU NOAA/PMEL FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. The constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers are greatly acknowledged. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 21 BP 8135 EP 8150 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00202.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS2TE UT WOS:000344131500011 ER PT J AU Banzon, VF Reynolds, RW Stokes, D Xue, Y AF Banzon, Viva F. Reynolds, Richard W. Stokes, Diane Xue, Yan TI A 1/4 degrees-Spatial-Resolution Daily Sea Surface Temperature Climatology Based on a Blended Satellite and in situ Analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS AB A new sea surface temperature (SST) climatological mean was constructed using the first 30 years (1982-2011) of the NOAA daily optimum interpolation (OI) SST. The daily analysis blends in situ and satellite data on a 1/40 degrees (similar to 25 km) spatial grid. Use of an analysis allows computation of a climatological value for all ocean grid points, even those without observations. Comparisons were made with a monthly, 1 degrees-spatial-resolution climatology produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, computed primarily from the NOAA weekly OISST. Both climatologies were found to provide a good representation of major oceanic features and the annual temperature cycle. However, the daily climatology showed tighter gradients along western boundary currents and better resolution along coastlines. The two climatologies differed by over 0.6 degrees C in high-SST-gradient regions because of resolution differences. The two climatologies also differed at very high latitudes, where the sea ice processing differed between the OISST products. In persistently cloudy areas, the new climatology was generally cooler by approximately 0.4 degrees C, probably reflecting differences between the input satellite SSTs to the two analyses. Since the new climatology represents mean conditions at scales that match the daily analysis, it would be more appropriate for computing the corresponding daily anomalies. C1 [Banzon, Viva F.] NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Reynolds, Richard W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Stokes, Diane] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xue, Yan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Banzon, VF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM viva.banzon@noaa.gov RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 21 BP 8221 EP 8228 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00293.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS2TE UT WOS:000344131500016 ER PT J AU Nazare, S Pitts, WM Matko, S Davis, RD AF Nazare, Shonali Pitts, William M. Matko, Szabolcs Davis, Rick D. TI Evaluating smoldering behavior of fire-blocking barrier fabrics SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Upholstered furniture; barrier fabrics; smoldering; air permeability; char length; mass loss ID COTTON UPHOLSTERY FABRICS; CIGARETTE IGNITION; POLYURETHANE FOAM; FURNITURE; COMBUSTION; STANDARDS; ADDITIVES AB This study reports on the smoldering propensity of commercially available barrier fabrics in a small-scale mock-up configuration. Most barrier fabrics are smolder resistant when tested alone over a standard flexible polyurethane foam. However, when covered with a smolder-prone cover fabric, most barrier fabrics failed the smoldering ignition test described in the Consumer Product Safety Commission's proposed standard 16 CFR Part 1634. The results of this study suggest that the smolder-prone cover fabrics, when placed on top of a number of barrier fabrics, are capable of releasing sufficient heat to initiate the char oxidation smoldering process of some of the barrier fabrics and subsequently transmit the heat to the underlying flexible polyurethane foam. A smoldering index for barrier fabrics was derived from the measured char volume fraction of the flexible polyurethane foam by varying the barrier fabric component in the flexible polyurethane foam/barrier fabric/cover fabric mock-up systems, while holding the other two components constant. The smoldering index for self-extinguishing barrier fabrics was 0. Barrier fabrics with smoldering index of 1 or more resulted in sustained smoldering in the flexible polyurethane foam. The smoldering propensity of barrier fabrics and the amount of heat transmitted to the flexible polyurethane foam varied depending on the barrier fabric structure, fiber content, air permeability, and bulk density. Flame-retardant treatments and use of char-forming fibers showed a greater tendency for barrier fabric smolder in the presence of the smolder-prone cover fabric. Barrier fabrics with char-forming fiber blends had greater smoldering propensity as compared to barrier fabrics with low charring fiber blends. The lower the smoldering propensity of the barrier fabric, the less likely was the development of sustained smoldering in the flexible polyurethane foam. C1 [Nazare, Shonali; Pitts, William M.; Matko, Szabolcs] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Fire Risk Reduct Bldg Res Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nazare, S (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shonali.nazare@nist.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 EI 1530-8049 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 32 IS 6 BP 539 EP 562 DI 10.1177/0734904114543450 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AS0TI UT WOS:000343991100004 ER PT J AU Bond, MH Beckman, BR Rohrbach, L Quinn, TP AF Bond, M. H. Beckman, B. R. Rohrbach, L. Quinn, T. P. TI Differential growth in estuarine and freshwater habitats indicated by plasma IGF1 concentrations and otolith chemistry in Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromy; diadromy; endocrine; hormone; migration; salmonids ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORWEGIAN FJORD SYSTEM; POSTSMOLT COHO SALMON; TROUT POST-SMOLTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; SALINITY GRADIENT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISH OTOLITHS; ARCTIC CHARR AB This study employed a combination of otolith microchemistry to indicate the recent habitat use, and plasma concentrations of the hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as an index of recent growth rate, to demonstrate differences in growth and habitat use by Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma occupying both freshwater and estuarine habitats in south-west Alaska. Extensive sampling in all habitats revealed that fish had higher IGF1 levels in estuarine compared to lake habitats throughout the summer, and that the growth rates in different habitats within the estuary varied seasonally. In addition, otolith microchemistry indicated differentiation in estuarine habitat use among individual S. malma throughout summer months. Although growth in the estuary was higher than in fresh water in nearly all sites and months, the benefits and use of the estuarine habitats varied on finer spatial scales. Therefore, this study further illustrates the diverse life histories of S. malma and indicates an evaluation of the benefits of marine waters needs to include sub-estuary scale habitat use. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Bond, M. H.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beckman, B. R.; Rohrbach, L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bond, MH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mobond@uw.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF's BioComplexity Programme; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; H. Mason Keeler Endowment; Institute for Food Sciences and Technology Endowment FX The authors thank J. Griffiths and C. Gowell for sampling assistance, D. Spangenberg and S. Nance of NOAA's Resource Enhancement and Utilization Technologies Division for IGF1 laboratory analyses, J. Miller, A. Ungerer and the Oregon State University W. M. Keck Collaboratory for Plasma Spectrometry for assistance with otolith analyses. We also thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NSF's BioComplexity Programme, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the H. Mason Keeler Endowment, and the Institute for Food Sciences and Technology Endowment for financial support. We thank D. Beauchamp and two anonymous reviews for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was conducted with approval from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (permits: SF2008-104 and SF2009-24) and University of Washington IACUC (permit: 3142-01). NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1429 EP 1445 DI 10.1111/jfb.12493 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS0MF UT WOS:000343970400010 PM 25131145 ER PT J AU Bourret, SL Kennedy, BP Caudill, CC Chittaro, PM AF Bourret, S. L. Kennedy, B. P. Caudill, C. C. Chittaro, P. M. TI Using otolith chemical and structural analysis to investigate reservoir habitat use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; growth; life-history variation; migration; rearing ID LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; WILLAMETTE RIVER; FISH OTOLITHS; STRIPED BASS; BROWN TROUT; FRESH-WATER; MICROCHEMISTRY; POPULATIONS; CHEMISTRY AB Isotopic composition of Sr-87:Sr-86 and natural elemental tracers (Sr, Ba, Mg, Mn and Ca) were quantified from otoliths in juvenile and adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to assess the ability of otolith microchemistry and microstructure to reconstruct juvenile O. tshawytscha rearing habitat and growth. Daily increments were measured to assess relative growth between natal rearing habitats. Otolith microchemistry was able to resolve juvenile habitat use between reservoir and natal tributary rearing habitats (within headwater basins), but not among catchments. Results suggest that 90% (n=18) of sampled non-hatchery adults returning to the Middle Fork Willamette River were reared in a reservoir and 10% (n=2) in natal tributary habitat upstream from the reservoir. Juveniles collected in reservoirs had higher growth rates than juveniles reared in natal streams. The results demonstrate the utility of otolith microchemistry and microstructure to distinguish among rearing habitats, including habitats in highly altered systems. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Bourret, S. L.; Kennedy, B. P.; Caudill, C. C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kennedy, B. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kennedy, B. P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Chittaro, P. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bourret, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM bour6715@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU Army Corp of Engineers FX We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for sample collections and collaboration, particularly F. Monzyk, J. Romer, S. Nesbit, C. Sharpe, B. Clemens, K. Schroeder, L. Borgerson and K. Bowden. We thank the Army Corp of Engineers, in particular G. Taylor, T. Pierce, D. Garletts, C. Helms, D. Griffith and R. Wertheimer, for funding support and sample collections. Samples were analysed at the Washington State University GeoAnalytical Laboratory, the University of Michigan's Keck Elemental Geochemistry Laboratory and the Biogeochemistry and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry laboratory with assistance by J. Vervoort, C. Knaack, T. Huston and J. Gleason. This work was conducted through the USGS Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research with administrative support from R. Poulin and C. Ihm. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1507 EP 1525 DI 10.1111/jfb.12505 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS0MF UT WOS:000343970400014 PM 25229130 ER PT J AU Rieucau, G De Robertis, A Boswell, KM Handegard, NO AF Rieucau, G. De Robertis, A. Boswell, K. M. Handegard, N. O. TI School density affects the strength of collective avoidance responses in wild-caught Atlantic herring Clupea harengus: a simulated predator encounter experiment SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustics; anti-predatory behaviour; information transfer; large shoals; pelagic fish; schooling ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; VISUAL INFORMATION; FUNDULUS-DIAPHANUS; SHOALING BEHAVIOR; BANDED KILLIFISH; DECISION-MAKING; MULTIBEAM SONAR; STARLING FLOCKS; NORWEGIAN SEA AB An experimental study in a semi-controlled environment was conducted to examine whether school density in wild-caught Atlantic herring Clupea harengus affects the strength of their collective escape behaviours. Using acoustics, the anti-predator diving responses of C. harengus in two schools that differed in density were quantified by exposing them to a simulated threat. Due to logistical restrictions, the first fish was tested in a low-density school condition (four trials; packing density=15 fish m(-3); c. 6000 fish) followed by fish in a high-density school condition (five trials; packing density=16 fish m(-3); c. 60 000 fish). The C. harengus in a high-density school exhibited stronger collective diving avoidance responses to the simulated predators than fish in the lower-density school. The findings suggest that the density (and thus the internal organization) of a fish school affects the strength of collective anti-predatory responses, and the extent to which information about predation risk is transferred through the C. harengus school. Therefore, the results challenge the common notion that information transfer within animal groups may not depend on group size and density. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Rieucau, G.; Handegard, N. O.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [De Robertis, A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Boswell, K. M.] Florida Int Univ, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. RP Rieucau, G (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM guillaume.rieucau@imr.no RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016; Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012 OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541; Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042 FU Norwegian Research Council [204229/F20] FX This work was financed by the Norwegian Research Council (grant 204229/F20). We are grateful to E. Grimsbo, L. Doksaeter, L. Stien and G. Macaulay for their technical help during pilot experiments. We thank P. Ressler and N. Lauffenberger for their useful comments on our manuscript. We also thank E. Grimsbo for providing us an initial template for Fig. 1. The animal collection was approved by the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries, and the experiment was approved by the Norwegian Animal Research Authority. The Institute of Marine Research is permitted to conduct experiments at the Austevoll aquaculture facility by the Norwegian Biological Resource Committee and the Norwegian Animal Research Committee (Forsoksdyrutvalget). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their home institutions. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1650 EP 1664 DI 10.1111/jfb.12520 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS0MF UT WOS:000343970400021 PM 25243659 ER PT J AU Losee, JP Fisher, J Teel, DJ Baldwin, RE Marcogliese, DJ Jacobson, KC AF Losee, J. P. Fisher, J. Teel, D. J. Baldwin, R. E. Marcogliese, D. J. Jacobson, K. C. TI Growth and condition of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch relate positively to species richness of trophically transmitted parasites SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fresh water; habitat quality; IGF1; marine; species diversity ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; COMPONENT COMMUNITIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; O-TSHAWYTSCHA; BALTIC SEA; FOOD WEBS; FISH; OREGON AB The aims of this study were first, to test the hypothesis that metrics of fish growth and condition relate positively to parasite species richness (S-R) in a salmonid host; second, to identify whether S-R differs as a function of host origin; third, to identify whether acquisition of parasites through marine v. freshwater trophic interactions was related to growth and condition of juvenile salmonids. To evaluate these questions, species diversity of trophically transmitted parasites in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch collected off the coast of the Oregon and Washington states, U.S.A. in June 2002 and 2004 were analysed. Fish infected with three or more parasite species scored highest in metrics of growth and condition. Fish originating from the Columbia River basin had lower S-R than those from the Oregon coast, Washington coast and Puget Sound, WA. Parasites obtained through freshwater or marine trophic interactions were equally important in the relationship between S-R and ocean growth and condition of juvenile O. kisutch salmon. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Losee, J. P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. [Fisher, J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Teel, D. J.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Baldwin, R. E.] Alberta Govt, Fish & Wildlife, Ft Mcmurray, AB T9H 2K4, Canada. [Marcogliese, D. J.] Environm Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate,St Lawrence Ctr, Aquat Biodivers Sect,Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Jacobson, K. C.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Losee, JP (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program, Olympia, WA 98502 USA. EM james.losee@dfw.wa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Fisheries FX We would like to thank K. Cooper from the NWFSC for running IGF1 assays, A. Claxton for his expertise in parasite identification, A. Claiborne for statistical assistance and T. Hurst, L. Weitkamp, M. B. Rew and K. Losee for revision of an early draft of this manuscript. We particularly thank the crew and scientists of the F. V. Frosti who assisted in collection of samples. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration and NOAA Fisheries. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1681 DI 10.1111/jfb.12525 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AS0MF UT WOS:000343970400022 PM 25271907 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Rykaczewski, K Staymates, ME AF Holbrook, R. David Rykaczewski, Konrad Staymates, Matthew E. TI Dynamics of silver nanoparticle release from wound dressings revealed via in situ nanoscale imaging SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WATER CONDENSATION; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; LIQUID MARBLES; ANTIBACTERIAL; MECHANISM; SURFACES; KINETICS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; GENERATION AB The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in textiles for enhanced anti-microbial properties has led to concern about their release and impact on both human and environmental health. Here a novel method for in situ visualization of AgNP release from silver-impregnated wound dressings is introduced. By combining an environmental scanning electron microscope, a gaseous analytical detector and a peltier cooling stage, this technique provides near-instantaneous nanoscale characterization of interactions between individual water droplets and AgNPs. We show that dressings with different silver application methods have very distinct AgNP release dynamics. Specifically, water condensation on dressings with AgNP deposited directly on the fiber surface resulted in substantial and rapid AgNP release. By comparison, AgNP release from wound dressing with nanoparticles grown, not deposited, from the fiber surface was either much slower or negligible. Our methodology complements standard bulk techniques for studying of silver release from fabrics by providing dynamic nanoscale information about mechanisms governing AgNP release from individual fibers. Thus coupling these nano and macro-scale methods can provide insight into how the wound dressing fabrication could be engineered to optimize AgNP release for different applications. C1 [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Nanomat Res Grp, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rykaczewski, Konrad] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Staymates, Matthew E.] NIST, Surface & Trace Chem Anal Grp, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), NIST, Nanomat Res Grp, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov; konradr@asu.edu FU Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU FX We kindly acknowledge Drs. Adam Paxson of MIT and Kyle Doudrick of ASU for helpful discussions in regards to this work. KR acknowledges startup funding from Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 EI 1573-4838 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2481 EP 2489 DI 10.1007/s10856-014-5265-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AR9WN UT WOS:000343927300003 PM 25011499 ER PT J AU Yi, F Kim, IK Li, S LaVan, DA AF Yi, Feng Kim, Il Kyoon Li, Song LaVan, David A. TI Hydrated/Dehydrated Lipid Phase Transitions Measured Using Nanocalorimetry SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; hydration; lipids; materials science; thermal analysis; thermodynamics ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MEMBRANES; SYSTEMS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CALORIMETRY; STABILITY; HYDRATION; VESICLES; KINETICS; BILAYERS AB The phase transition evolution with hydration of a model system, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), was investigated with a fast nanocalorimetry system. Using nanocalorimetry, it is possible to measure the gel to liquid phase transitions that occur on millisecond to second time scales and quantify the time to recover the hydrated state. The results show the phase transition occurring in a few milliseconds and the relaxation or recovery time from the dehydrated state back to original hydrated state occurring with times dependent on the local humidity. With relative humidity (RH) of 43% or higher, the recovery time can be less than a few seconds. With RH of 11% or lower, the recovery time is extended to greater than a minute. The recovery process is controlled by mechanisms that depend on the lipid molecular repacking and water transport from the environment. Nanocalorimetry provides a powerful method to investigate the kinetics of such transformations in lipids and other biological and pharmaceutical moieties. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3442-3447, 2014 C1 [Yi, Feng; Kim, Il Kyoon; Li, Song; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov FU NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology (CNST); NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURF) FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Fabrication performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology (CNST). I. K. K. and L. S. were supported in part by the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURF). The authors report there are no personal interests or personal conflicts of interest associated with this work. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 EI 1520-6017 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 103 IS 11 BP 3442 EP 3447 DI 10.1002/jps.24187 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA AS2ZO UT WOS:000344145200010 PM 25256917 ER PT J AU Smith, D Choi, K Prouty, D Jordan, K Henning, W AF Smith, D. Choi, K. Prouty, D. Jordan, K. Henning, W. TI Analysis of the TXDOT RTN and OPUS-RS from the Geoid Slope Validation Survey of 2011: Case Study for Texas SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Real-time network (RTN); OPUS-RS; OPUS; Geoid Slope Validation Survey of 2011 (GSVS11); Texas DOT (TXDOT); Ellipsoid height; Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) ID ACCURACY AB As part of the Geoid Slope Validation Survey of 2011 (GSVS11), the global positioning system (GPS) was used in a variety of ways to determine the geodetic coordinates of nearly 400 passive geodetic control marks. The Texas DOT (TXDOT) real-time network (RTN) was one of the GPS positioning tools used. Both 6-and 180-s occupations were performed with the TXDOT RTN, as well as static 20-min occupations [processed using the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Online Positioning User Service, Rapid-Static (OPUS-RS) tool], and 481 h occupations were adjusted as a network (using the NGS OPUS-Projects tool). Although the original 20-min occupations processed by OPUS-RS had an unforeseen systematic error (invalidating their use in this comparison), a direct comparison between OPUS-RS and the other techniques was still possible by subdividing the OPUS-Projects 481h receiver independent exchange format (RINEX) files on 218 points into more than 30,000 individual 20-min segments. A comparison between all techniques, after accounting for various systematics such as antenna calibrations, different reference frames, and epochs, showed that the RTN had small biases, but, overall, its accuracy (1 sigma) was subcentimeter in longitude, less than 2 cm in latitude, and less than 3 cm in ellipsoid height. An investigation into outliers indicated that the RTN could occasionally have unexplained outliers as large as 10 cm, possibly, but not definitely dependent, on time of day or local environment. The analysis also showed that, for this in-the-field environment, the accuracy of OPUS-RS was somewhat better than expected (biases at the 0.1-cm level; SDs at 0.6 cm in latitude and longitude and 3.1 to 3.4 cm in height) but outliers (>5 sigma) did occur in approximately 1.5% of all runs, the largest of which was approximately 1.5m off in latitude and height, and 0.4m in longitude. Part, but not all, of this could be explained by being near the coastline. Finally, a significant cautionary result came from this study-users of the NGSOPUS-RS software should make certain that their receivers are generating P2 data (pseudoranges on L2, but not those from L2C). Without that data, OPUS-RS will not function at its highest accuracy. Although this has always been a requirement of OPUS-RS and was historically not an issue, the authors discovered that some GPS receivers inadvertently turn P2 off when L2C is turned on. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Smith, D.; Choi, K.; Prouty, D.; Jordan, K.; Henning, W.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dru.smith@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2014 VL 140 IS 4 AR 05014003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000136 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AS0WQ UT WOS:000343997000002 ER PT J AU Ravel, B AF Ravel, Bruce TI Path degeneracy and EXAFS analysis of disordered materials SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; real-space multiple scattering; data analysis ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; SOLID-SOLUTION; ZIRCONOLITE; SPECTROSCOPY; CAZRTI2O7; IFEFFIT AB Analysis of EXAFS data measured on a material with a disordered local configuration environment around the absorbing atom can be challenging owing to the proliferation of photoelectron scattering paths that must be considered in the analysis. In the case where the absorbing atom exists in multiple inequivalent sites, the problem is compounded by having to consider each site separately. A method is proposed for automating the calculation of theory for inequivalent sites, then averaging the contributions from sufficiently similar scattering paths. With this approach, the complexity of implementing a successful fitting model on a highly disordered sample is reduced. As an example, an analysis of Ti K-edge data on zirconolite, CaZrTi2O7, which has three inequivalent Ti sites, is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The author thanks D. Reid, M. Stennett and N. Hyatt of the University of Sheffield for graciously donating their zirconolite data. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 21 BP 1269 EP 1274 DI 10.1107/S1600577514014982 PN 6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA AS6JR UT WOS:000344370400008 PM 25343794 ER PT J AU Sulia, KJ Morrison, H Harrington, JY AF Sulia, Kara J. Morrison, Hugh Harrington, Jerry Y. TI Dynamical and Microphysical Evolution during Mixed-Phase Cloud Glaciation Simulated Using the Bulk Adaptive Habit Prediction Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; ICE CRYSTALS; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PART III; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOCUMULUS AB A bulk microphysics scheme predicting ice particle habit evolution has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Large-eddy simulations are analyzed to study the effects of ice habit and number concentration on the bulk ice and liquid masses, dynamics, and lifetime of Arctic mixed-phase boundary layer clouds. The microphysical and dynamical evolution simulated using the adaptive habit scheme is compared with that assuming spherical particles with a density of bulk ice or a reduced density and with mass-dimensional parameterizations. It is found that the adaptive habit method returns an increased (decreased) ice (liquid) mass as compared to spheres and provides a more accurate simulation as compared to dendrite mass-size relations. Using the adaptive habit method, simulations are then completed to understand the microphysical and dynamical interactions within a single-layer mixed-phase stratocumulus cloud observed during flight 31 of the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign. With cloud-top longwave radiative cooling as a function of liquid mass acting as the primary dynamic driver of turbulent eddies within these clouds, the consumption of liquid at the expense of ice growth and subsequent sedimentation holds a strong control on the cloud lifetime. Ice concentrations >= 4 L-1 collapse the liquid layer without any external maintaining sources. Layer maintenance is possible at 4 L-1 when a constant cloud-top cooling rate or the water mass lost due to sedimentation is supplied. Larger concentrations require a more substantial source of latent or sensible heat for mixed-phase persistence. C1 [Sulia, Kara J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Harrington, Jerry Y.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sulia, KJ (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, CESTM Bldg,251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM ksulia@albany.edu FU Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); ORISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0951807]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64058]; U.S. DOE ASR [DE-SC0008648, DE-SC0005336]; NASA [NNX12AH90G]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing an effective critique of our work that substantially improved the content of this paper. K. Sulia was supported in part by the Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under Contract DE-AC05-06OR23100. K. Sulia was also supported under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. J. Harrington was supported by the National Science Foundation for under Grant AGS-0951807 and the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-05ER64058. H. Morrison was partially supported by the U.S. DOE ASR DE-SC0008648, U.S. DOE ASR DE-SC0005336, sub-awarded through NASA NNX12AH90G, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 71 IS 11 BP 4158 EP 4180 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0070.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BS UT WOS:000344219100013 ER PT J AU Zygas, A Eheart, JW Cai, XM AF Zygas, Aras Eheart, J. Wayland Cai, Ximing TI Simulation and Optimization of a Constructed Wetland for Biomass Production and Nitrate Removal SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Water quality; Biomass production; Nutrient runoff ID PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS TRIN; NUTRIENT-ENRICHED SWAMP; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; INLAND AUSTRALIA; WATER-QUALITY; EX STEUDEL; SHOOTS; PHOSPHORUS; BIOFUEL; HARVEST AB Nutrient-intensive agriculture involving nitrogen application rates exceeding crop requirements results in excessive loads in surface waters, contributing substantially to hypoxia in coastal ecosystems and violations of EPA drinking water nitrate standards. There is growing interest in the cultivation of perennial grasses for bioethanol production, which may address these problems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Some of these grasses can be grown in constructed wetlands, which offer additional nitrate removal by denitrification in the wetland benthos. The present work simulates and optimizes a hypothetical wetland system near Camargo, Illinois. The wetland system is assumed to draw water from the Embarras River and is designed to treat non-point-source nutrient loadings and produce harvestable biomass for ethanol production. An integrated model of biomass production, nutrient removal, and cost is developed to assess and optimize the relationship between wetland cost and nutrient removal. The wetland shows a profit only when some costs are excluded from the analysis; however, consideration of the environmental benefit could change the cost-benefit outcome. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zygas, Aras; Eheart, J. Wayland; Cai, Ximing] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zygas, Aras] NOAA Corps, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Eheart, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM weheart@illinois.edu RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute FX The support of the University of Illinois Energy Biosciences Institute is gratefully acknowledged. Professor Tze Ling Ng of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology provided invaluable help with some of the technical portions of the project. Drs. Takashi Asaeda and Baniya Mahendra of Saitama University assisted with the formulation of the biomass production model. This article is based on the M. S. thesis of the first author. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 43 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2014 VL 140 IS 11 AR 04014034 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000422 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA AS1BQ UT WOS:000344012000006 ER PT J AU Moura, AE Kenny, JG Chaudhuri, R Hughes, MA Welch, AJ Reisinger, RR De Bruyn, PJN Dahlheim, ME Hall, N Hoelzel, AR AF Moura, Andre E. Kenny, John G. Chaudhuri, Roy Hughes, Margaret A. Welch, Andreanna J. Reisinger, Ryan R. De Bruyn, P. J. Nico Dahlheim, Marilyn E. Hall, Neil Hoelzel, A. Rus TI Population genomics of the killer whale indicates ecotype evolution in sympatry involving both selection and drift SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; Cetacea; ecological genetics; population genomics; sympatric divergence ID SCALE GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; ORCINUS-ORCA; NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC; HABITAT PREFERENCE; DELPHINUS DELPHIS; RELAXED CLOCKS; NORTH PACIFIC; SEA; PATTERNS AB The evolution of diversity in the marine ecosystem is poorly understood, given the relatively high potential for connectivity, especially for highly mobile species such as whales and dolphins. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) has a worldwide distribution, and individual social groups travel over a wide geographic range. Even so, regional populations have been shown to be genetically differentiated, including among different foraging specialists (ecotypes) in sympatry. Given the strong matrifocal social structure of this species together with strong resource specializations, understanding the process of differentiation will require an understanding of the relative importance of both genetic drift and local adaptation. Here we provide a high-resolution analysis based on nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and inference about differentiation at both neutral loci and those potentially under selection. We find that all population comparisons, within or among foraging ecotypes, show significant differentiation, including populations in parapatry and sympatry. Loci putatively under selection show a different pattern of structure compared to neutral loci and are associated with gene ontology terms reflecting physiologically relevant functions (e.g. related to digestion). The pattern of differentiation for one ecotype in the North Pacific suggests local adaptation and shows some fixed differences among sympatric ecotypes. We suggest that differential habitat use and resource specializations have promoted sufficient isolation to allow differential evolution at neutral and functional loci, but that the process is recent and dependent on both selection and drift. C1 [Moura, Andre E.; Welch, Andreanna J.; Hoelzel, A. Rus] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Kenny, John G.; Chaudhuri, Roy; Hughes, Margaret A.; Hall, Neil] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Funct & Comparat Genom, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Reisinger, Ryan R.; De Bruyn, P. J. Nico] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa. [Dahlheim, Marilyn E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoelzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@dur.ac.uk RI Reisinger, Ryan/D-6151-2014; de Bruyn, P. J. Nico/E-4176-2010; OI Reisinger, Ryan/0000-0002-8933-6875; de Bruyn, P. J. Nico/0000-0002-9114-9569; Chaudhuri, Roy/0000-0001-5037-2695; Hall, Neil/0000-0003-2808-0009 FU Natural Environment Research Council UK [NE/014443/1]; South African Department of Science and Technology, through the National Research Foundation (NRF) FX This study was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council UK (Grant Number NE/014443/1). The Department of Environmental Affairs supplied logistic support within the South African National Antarctic Programme for work done at Marion Island. Financial support for field assistance was provided by the South African Department of Science and Technology, through the National Research Foundation (NRF), in support of the Marine Mammal Programme of the MRI. We thank the Baylor College of Medicine and the Centre for GeoGenetics in Copenhagen for provision through NCBI of the ANOL00000000 genome sequence for reference prior to its publication. We thank Ken Balcomb, Mike Bigg, Nancy Black, Vladimir Burkanov, Andy Dizon, Dave Ellifrit, Mike Ford, Jeff Foster, Rich Osborne, Jen Schorr and Johann Sigurjonsson for earlier contributions to our killer whale DNA archive. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 21 U2 171 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5179 EP 5192 DI 10.1111/mec.12929 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AS6LB UT WOS:000344374000006 PM 25244680 ER PT J AU Monteverdi, JP Edwards, R Stumpf, GJ AF Monteverdi, John P. Edwards, Roger Stumpf, Gregory J. TI An Analysis of the 7 July 2004 Rockwell Pass, California, Tornado: Highest-Elevation Tornado Documented in the United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STORMS; THUNDERSTORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; SUPERCELL; SHEAR; CYCLE AB This manuscript documents the tornado in the Rockwell Pass area of Sequoia National Park, California, that occurred on 7 July 2004. Since the elevation of the tornado's ground circulation was approximately 3705 m (similar to 12156 ft) MSL, this is the highest-elevation tornado documented in the United States. The investigation of the storm's convective mode was performed mostly inferentially on the basis of an analysis of the radar imagery from Edwards Air Force Base (which was in clear-air mode on this day), objectively produced soundings and/or CAPE estimates from two mesoscale models, an objectively produced proximity sounding and hodograph, and analyses of satellite imagery. The nearest Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Hanford, California, could not be used to observe this storm because of terrain blockage by the Sierra Nevada, and the nearest sounding sites were too distant and in a different meteorological environment on this day. The near-storm environment may have been favorable briefly for a supercell in the upper portion of the Kern River Canyon. The limitations of the radar data precluded the authors from making a definitive conclusion on the convective mode of the storm but do not rule out the possibility that the storm briefly might have been a supercell. There was insufficient evidence, however, to support the notion that the tornado itself was mesocyclone induced. High LCL heights in the proximity sounding also suggest that the tornado was formed by processes not associated with a mesocyclone (popularly known as a "landspout"), but do not allow us to dismiss the possibility that the tornado was mesocyclone induced. C1 [Monteverdi, John P.] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Edwards, Roger] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Stumpf, Gregory J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stumpf, Gregory J.] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Monteverdi, JP (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Earth & Climate Sci, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM montever@sfsu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 3925 EP 3943 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00222.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400001 ER PT J AU Calhoun, KM Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR Dowell, DC AF Calhoun, Kristin M. Mansell, Edward R. MacGorman, Donald R. Dowell, David C. TI Numerical Simulations of Lightning and Storm Charge of the 29-30 May 2004 Geary, Oklahoma, Supercell Thunderstorm Using EnKF Mobile Radar Data Assimilation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; RIME ACCRETION; KALMAN FILTER; CLOUD MODEL; ELECTRIFICATION; STEPS AB Results from simulations are compared with dual-Doppler and total lightning observations of the 29-30 May 2004 high-precipitation supercell storm from the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment (TELEX). The simulations use two-moment microphysics with six hydrometeor categories and parameterizations for electrification and lightning while employing an ensemble Kalman filter for mobile radar data assimilation. Data assimilation was utilized specifically to produce a storm similar to the observed for ancillary analysis of the electrification and lightning associated with the supercell storm. The simulated reflectivity and wind fields well approximated that of the observed storm. Additionally, the simulated lightning flash rates were very large, as was observed. The simulation reveals details of the charge distribution and dependence of lightning on storm kinematics, characteristics that could not be observed directly. Storm electrification was predominately confined to the updraft core, but the persistence of both positive and negative charging of graupel in this region, combined with the kinematic evolution, limited the extent of charged areas of the same polarity. Thus, the propagation length of lightning flashes in this region was also limited. Away from the updraft core, regions of charge had greater areal extent, allowing flashes to travel farther without termination due to unfavorable charge potential. Finally, while the simulation produced the observed lightning holes and high-altitude lightning seen in the observations, it failed to produce the observed lightning initiations (or even lightning channels) in the distant downstream anvil as seen in the observed storm. Instead, the simulated lightning was confined to the main body of the storm. C1 [Calhoun, Kristin M.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Calhoun, Kristin M.; Mansell, Edward R.; MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Calhoun, KM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kristin.kuhlman@noaa.gov RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0233268, ATM-0802717]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0233268 and ATM-0802717. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank Conrad Ziegler, Alex Fierro, Michael Biggerstaff, Jerry Straka, Stewart Ryan, and William Beasley for comments and suggestions regarding this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped strengthen the content of this manuscript. This study would not have been possible without the participants in the TELEX field program, including more than 30 students from the University of Oklahoma. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 3977 EP 3997 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00403.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400004 ER PT J AU Ma, JH Zhu, YJ Hou, DC Zhou, XQ Pena, M AF Ma, Juhui Zhu, Yuejian Hou, Dingchen Zhou, Xiaqiong Pena, Malaquias TI Ensemble Transform with 3D Rescaling Initialization Method SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS PERTURBATION SCHEME; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; NCEP; FORECASTS; ECMWF AB The ensemble transform with rescaling (ETR) method has been used to produce fast-growing components of analysis error in the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The rescaling mask contained in the ETR method constrains the amplitude of perturbations to reflect regional variations of analysis error. However, because of a lack of suitable three-dimensional (3D) analysis error estimation, in the operational GEFS the mask is based on the estimated analysis error at 500 hPa and is not flow dependent but changes monthly. With the availability of an ensemble-based data assimilation system at NCEP, a 3D mask can be computed. This study generates initial perturbations by the ensemble transform with 3D rescaling (ET_3DR) and compares the performance with the ETR. Meanwhile, the ET_3DR is also applied within the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method (hereafter EnKF_3DR). Results from a set of experiments indicate that the 3D mask suppresses perturbations less in unstable regions. Relative to the ETR, the large amplitudes of the ET_3DR initial perturbations at 500 hPa better reflect areas of baroclinic instability over the extratropics and deep convection over the tropics. Furthermore, the maxima of the vertical distribution for the ET_3DR initial perturbations correspond to the heights of the subtropical westerly and tropical easterly jet regions. Such perturbations produce faster spread growths. Results with EnKF 3DR also show benefits from an orthonormalization by the ensemble transform algorithm and amplitude constraint by the 3D mask resealing. Thus, the EnKF_3DR forecasts outperform the EnKF. C1 [Ma, Juhui] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ma, Juhui] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yuejian; Hou, Dingchen; Zhou, Xiaqiong; Pena, Malaquias] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhou, Xiaqiong; Pena, Malaquias] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ma, JH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM juhui.ma@gmail.com FU EMC; LASW State Key Laboratory Special Fund FX The authors thank members of the Ensemble and Post Processing Team at EMC/NCEP for helpful suggestions during the course of this work. Thanks to Daryl Kleist for providing the data and code to read the EnKF ensemble analysis. The first author gratefully acknowledges the support of EMC and LASW State Key Laboratory Special Fund. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 4053 EP 4073 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00367.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400008 ER PT J AU Schumacher, RS Clark, AJ AF Schumacher, Russ S. Clark, Adam J. TI Evaluation of Ensemble Configurations for the Analysis and Prediction of Heavy-Rain-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS; KALMAN FILTER; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; PERMITTING FORECASTS; INITIAL CONDITION; CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; PRECIPITATION AB This study investigates probabilistic forecasts made using different convection-allowing ensemble configurations for a three-day period in June 2010 when numerous heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) occurred in the United States. These MCSs developed both along a baroclinic zone in the Great Plains, and in association with a long-lived mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) in Texas and Arkansas. Four different ensemble configurations were developed using an ensemble-based data assimilation system. Two configurations used continuously cycled data assimilation, and two started the assimilation 24 h prior to the initialization of each forecast. Each configuration was run with both a single set of physical parameterizations and a mixture of physical parameterizations. These four ensemble forecasts were also compared with an ensemble run in real time by the Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS). All five of these ensemble systems produced skillful probabilistic forecasts of the heavy-rain-producing MCSs, with the ensembles using mixed physics providing forecasts with greater skill and less overall bias compared to the single-physics ensembles. The forecasts using ensemble-based assimilation systems generally outperformed the real-time CAPS ensemble at lead times of 6-18 h, whereas the CAPS ensemble was the most skillful at forecast hours 24-30, though it also exhibited a wet bias. The differences between the ensemble precipitation forecasts were found to be related in part to differences in the analysis of the MCV and its environment, which in turn affected the evolution of errors in the forecasts of the MCSs. These results underscore the importance of representing model error in convection-allowing ensemble analysis and prediction systems. C1 [Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Schumacher, RS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM russ.schumacher@colostate.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1157425] FX The authors thank Glen Romine, David Novak, and Wallace Hogsett for helpful discussions and suggestions regarding this work. The authors also thank Ming Xue and Fanyou Kong of CAPS for making the SSEF output available, and for their efforts in developing and running the SSEF. Three anonymous reviewers provided numerous constructive suggestions that substantially improved the quality of this manuscript. Computing resources were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NARR analyses were obtained from the NOAA/Physical Sciences Division, and stage-IV analyses were provided by NCAR. R. Schumacher was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1157425. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 4108 EP 4138 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00357.1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400011 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Anthes, RA AF Cucurull, L. Anthes, R. A. TI Impact of Infrared, Microwave, and Radio Occultation Satellite Observations on Operational Numerical Weather Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBSERVING SYSTEM EXPERIMENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; CONSTELLATION; ATMOSPHERE; RADIANCES; AIRCRAFT; CLIMATE; MODELS; BIAS AB A comparison of the impact of infrared (IR), microwave (MW), and radio occultation (RO) observations on NCEP's operational global forecast model over the month of March 2013 is presented. Analyses and forecasts with only IR, MW, and RO observations are compared with analyses and forecasts with no satellite data and with each other. Overall, the patterns of the impact of the different satellite systems are similar, with the MW observations producing the largest impact on the analyses and RO producing the smallest. Without RO observations, satellite radiances are over or under bias corrected and RO acts as an anchor observation, reducing the forecast biases globally. Positive correlation coefficients of temperature impacts are generally found between the different satellite observation analyses, indicating that the three satellite systems are affecting the global temperatures in a similar way. However, the correlation in the lower troposphere among all three systems is surprisingly small. Correlations for the moisture field tend to be small in the lower troposphere between the different satellite analyses. The impact of the satellite observations on the 500-hPa geopotential height forecasts is much different in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, all the satellite observations together make a small positive impact compared to the base (no satellite) forecasts. The IR and MW, but not the RO, make a small positive impact when assimilated alone. The situation is considerably different in the Southern Hemisphere, where all the satellite observations together make a much larger positive impact, and all three observation types (IR, MW, and RO) make similar and significant impacts. C1 [Cucurull, L.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cucurull, L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anthes, R. A.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Off Director, ESRL,RGSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 FU U.S. Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, Public Law [113-2] FX L. Cucurull was partially funded by the U.S. Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013, Public Law 113-2 (the "Sandy Supplemental"), project "Establishment of a NOAA Laboratory Activity for Observing System Simulation Experiments." We thank Yanqiu Zhu and Jack Woollen from NCEP/EMC for very productive discussions on the assimilation of radiances and NCEP's verification package and Ben Ho from UCAR for making helpful comments. We also thank the National Space Office in Taiwan and NSF, NASA, NOAA, the U.S. Air Force, and the U.S. Navy for their support of COSMIC. We are also grateful to Dr. Alexander MacDonald for providing computing resources to run the experiments. Three anonymous reviewers provided excellent comments. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 4164 EP 4186 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00101.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400013 ER PT J AU Tallapragada, V Kieu, C Kwon, Y Trahan, S Liu, QF Zhang, Z Kwon, IH AF Tallapragada, Vijay Kieu, Chanh Kwon, Young Trahan, Samuel Liu, Qingfu Zhang, Zhan Kwon, In-Hyuk TI Evaluation of Storm Structure from the Operational HWRF during 2012 Implementation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL; INTENSITY; FORECASTS; SIZE AB In this work, a high-resolution triple-nested implementation of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) for the 2012 hurricane season is evaluated. Statistics of retrospective experiments for the 2010-11 hurricane seasons show that the new configuration demonstrates significant improvement compared to the 2011 operational HWRF in terms of storm track, intensity, size, dynamical constraints between mass and wind field, and initial vortex imbalance. Specifically, the 5-day track and intensify forecast errors are improved by about 19% and 7% for the North Atlantic basin, and by 9% and 30% for the eastern Pacific basin, respectively. Verifications of storm size in terms of wind radii at 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (17.5, 25.7, and 32.9 m s(-1)) thresholds at different quadrants show dramatic improvement with most of the overestimation of the storm size in previous operational HWRF versions removed at all forecast times. In addition, dynamical constraints between the storm intensity and the outermost radius in the new configuration are consistent with the best track data. The relationship between minimum sea level pressure and maximum 10-m wind is also improved in both basins, indicating that the storm dynamics and structure have been improved in the 2012 HWRF compared to the previous versions. These significant improvements obtained with the new HWRF implementation are attributed to a number of major changes including a new higher-resolution nest, improved vortex initialization, improved planetary boundary layer and turbulence physics, and some critical bug fixes related to the moving nest. Such improvements show that the new HWRF implementation is a promising upgrade for future hurricane seasons. C1 [Tallapragada, Vijay; Kieu, Chanh; Kwon, Young; Trahan, Samuel; Liu, Qingfu; Zhang, Zhan; Kwon, In-Hyuk] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tallapragada, V (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM vijay.tallapragada@noaa.gov FU Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA FX This work was supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. The EMC HWRF team would like to acknowledge tremendous help, suggestions, as well as continuous feedback from the HRD, DTC, URI, GFDL, ESRL, and NHC during the HWRF implementation, which helped improve the 2012 HWRF configuration substantially. We would also like to express our sincere thanks to all three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their careful and constructive comments, which helped to improve the manuscript greatly. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 4308 EP 4325 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00010.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400020 ER PT J AU Prive, NC Xie, YF Koch, S Atlas, R Majumdar, SJ Hoffman, RN AF Prive, N. C. Xie, Yuanfu Koch, Steven Atlas, Robert Majumdar, Sharanya J. Hoffman, Ross N. TI An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Unmanned Aircraft System Data Impact on Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE AB High-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aircraft systems (HALE UAS) are capable of extended flights for atmospheric sampling. A case study was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of dropwindsonde observations from HALE UAS on tropical cyclone track prediction; tropical cyclone intensity was not addressed. This study employs a global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) that is based on the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system and Global Forecast System (GFS) model. Different strategies for dropwindsonde deployment and UAS flight paths were compared. The introduction of UAS-deployed dropwindsondes was found to consistently improve the track forecast skill during the early forecast up to 96 h, with the caveat that the experiments omitted both vortex relocation and dropwindsondes from manned flights in the tropical cyclone region. The more effective UAS dropvvindsonde deployment patterns sampled both the environment and the body of the tropical cyclone. C1 [Prive, N. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA. [Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Koch, Steven] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Prive, NC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nikki.prive@nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; FU NOAA/UAS Program FX This work was supported by Dr. Robbie Hood and the NOAA/UAS Program. Additional support was provided by Dr. John Cortinas of the NOAA/Office of Weather and Air Quality. The ECMWF Nature Run was provided by Erik Andersson through arrangements made by Michiko Masutani. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 142 IS 11 BP 4357 EP 4363 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00197.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS4BW UT WOS:000344219400023 ER PT J AU Wang, H Mativetsky, JM Ren, Y Gomez, ED Jaye, C Schwartz, J Fischer, DA Loo, YL AF Wang, He Mativetsky, Jeffrey M. Ren, Yi Gomez, Enrique D. Jaye, Cherno Schwartz, Jeffrey Fischer, Daniel A. Loo, Yueh-Lin TI Fluorinated and hydrogenated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on anodes: Effects of SAM chemistry on device characteristics of polymer solar cells SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Self-assembled monolayer; Polymer solar cells; Device characteristics; Tunneling decay factor; Fluorinated; Hydrogenated ID MOLECULE-METAL JUNCTIONS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; ORGANIC ELECTRONICS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ACTIVE LAYERS; WORK FUNCTION; INTERFACE; GOLD AB We adsorbed fluorinated-alkyl (F(m)SAM) and hydrogenated-alkyl (H(m)SAM) phosphonic acids with different molecular lengths on anodes of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. We found the fill factors and series resistances of devices having F(m)SAMs to more steeply depend on molecular length than those having H(m)SAMs. We attribute this phenomenon to the smaller tunneling decay factor of H(m)SAM compared to F(m)SAM, which is consistent with DFT calculations that reveal differences in the extents of electron density localization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of these species. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, He; Mativetsky, Jeffrey M.; Ren, Yi; Gomez, Enrique D.; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, He] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schwartz, Jeffrey] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Loo, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lloo@princeton.edu RI Ren, Yi/C-3536-2012 FU Photovoltaics Program of ONR [N00014-11-10328]; MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; NSF's PIRE Program (PIRE) [0730243] FX We acknowledge funding from the Photovoltaics Program of ONR (N00014-11-10328), the MRSEC program at the NSF through Princeton Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860), and partial funding from NSF's PIRE Program (PIRE 0730243). NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 EI 1878-5530 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3333 EP 3340 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.09.010 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AS7GG UT WOS:000344424500088 ER PT J AU Sipiran, I Meruane, R Bustos, B Schreck, T Li, B Lu, YJ Johan, H AF Sipiran, Ivan Meruane, Rafael Bustos, Benjamin Schreck, Tobias Li, Bo Lu, Yijuan Johan, Henry TI A benchmark of simulated range images for partial shape retrieval SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article DE Partial shape retrieval; Performance evaluation; Benchmarking AB In this paper, we address the evaluation of algorithms for partial shape retrieval using a large-scale simulated benchmark of partial views which are used as queries. Since the scanning of real objects is a time-consuming task, we create a simulation that generates a set of views from a target model and at different levels of complexity (amount of missing data). In total, our benchmark contains 7,200 partial views. Furthermore, we propose the use of weighted effectiveness measures based on the complexity of a query. With these characteristics, we aim at jointly evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of existing algorithms. As a result of our evaluation, we found that a combination of methods provides the best effectiveness, mainly due to the complementary information that they deliver. The obtained results open new questions regarding the difficulty of the partial shape retrieval problem. As a consequence, potential future directions are also identified. C1 [Sipiran, Ivan; Schreck, Tobias] Univ Konstanz, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Constance, Germany. [Meruane, Rafael; Bustos, Benjamin] Univ Chile, Dept Comp Sci, Santiago, Chile. [Li, Bo; Lu, Yijuan] Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX USA. [Johan, Henry] Fraunhofer IDM NTU, Singapore, Singapore. [Bustos, Benjamin] PRISMA Res Grp, Santiago, Chile. [Li, Bo] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX USA. [Li, Bo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Johan, Henry] Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Johan, Henry] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Sipiran, I (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Constance, Germany. EM ivan.sipiran@gmail.com; rmeruane@dcc.uchile.cl; bebustos@dcc.uchile.cl; tobias.schreck@uni-konstanz.de; b_l58@txstate.edu; lu@txstate.edu; hjohan@fraunhofer.sg RI Bustos, Benjamin/G-1170-2010 OI Bustos, Benjamin/0000-0002-3955-361X FU EC FP7 STREP Project PRESIOUS [600533]; FONDECYT (Chile) [1140783]; Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0057]; Texas State University Research Enhancement Program (REP); NSF [CRI 1305302]; Fraunhofer IDM@NTU - National Research Foundation (NRF) FX The work of Ivan Sipiran and Tobias Schreck was supported by EC FP7 STREP Project PRESIOUS, Grant No. 600533. Benjamin Bustos has been partially funded by FONDECYT (Chile) Project 1140783. This work of Bo Li and Yijuan Lu has been supported by the Army Research Office grant W911NF-12-1-0057, Texas State University Research Enhancement Program (REP), and NSF CRI 1305302 to Yijuan Lu. Henry Johan is supported by Fraunhofer IDM@NTU, which is funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and managed through the multi-agency Interactive & Digital Media Programme Office (IDMPO) hosted by the Media Development Authority of Singapore (MDA). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 EI 1432-2315 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1293 EP 1308 DI 10.1007/s00371-014-0937-2 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AS3HX UT WOS:000344169300008 ER PT J AU Carey, S Ballard, R Bell, KLC Bell, RJ Connally, P Dondin, F Fuller, S Gobin, J Miloslavich, P Phillips, B Roman, C Seibel, B Siu, N Smart, C AF Carey, Steven Ballard, Robert Bell, Katherine L. C. Bell, Richard J. Connally, Patrick Dondin, Frederic Fuller, Sarah Gobin, Judith Miloslavich, Patricia Phillips, Brennan Roman, Chris Seibel, Brad Siu, Nam Smart, Clara TI Cold seeps associated with a submarine debris avalanche deposit at Kick'em Jenny volcano, Grenada (Lesser Antilles) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Cold seeps; Debris avalanche; Submarine volcano; Kick'em Jenny ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY PRISM; EQUATORIAL BELT; MUD VOLCANOS; COMMUNITIES; BATHYMODIOLUS; ARC; MARGINS; SLOPE; FAUNA AB Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) exploration at the distal margins of a debris avalanche deposit from Kick'em Jenny submarine volcano in Grenada has revealed areas of cold seeps with chemosynthetic-based ecosystems. The seeps occur on steep slopes of deformed, unconsolidated hemipelagic sediments in water depths between 1952 and 2042 m. Two main areas consist of anastomosing systems of fluid flow that have incised local sediments by several tens of centimeters. No temperature anomalies were observed in the vent areas and no active flow was visually observed, suggesting that the venting may be waning. An Eh sensor deployed on a miniature autonomous plume recorder (MAPR) recorded a positive signal and the presence of live organisms indicates at least some venting is still occurring. The chemosynthetic-based ecosystem included giant mussels (Bathymodiolus sp.) with commensal polychaetes (Branchipolynoe sp.) and cocculinid epibionts, other bivalves, Siboglinida (vestimentiferan) tubeworms, other polychaetes, and shrimp, as well as associated heterotrophs, including gastropods, anemones, crabs, fish, octopods, brittle stars, and holothurians. The origin of the seeps may be related to fluid overpressure generated during the collapse of an ancestral Kick'em Jenny volcano. We suggest that deformation and burial of hemipelagic sediment at the front and base of the advancing debris avalanche led to fluid venting at the distal margin. Such deformation may be a common feature of marine avalanches in a variety of geological environments especially along continental margins, raising the possibility of creating large numbers of ephemeral seepbased ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carey, Steven; Fuller, Sarah; Phillips, Brennan; Roman, Chris; Smart, Clara] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Ballard, Robert; Bell, Katherine L. C.] Ocean Explorat Trust, Mystic, CT USA. [Bell, Richard J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI USA. [Connally, Patrick] Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Dondin, Frederic] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Gobin, Judith] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. [Miloslavich, Patricia] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Environm Studies, Caracas, Venezuela. [Seibel, Brad] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Siu, Nam] Marine Surveys & Assessments, Port Townsend, WA USA. RP Carey, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, South Feny Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM scarey@mail.uri.edu RI Dondin, Frederic/K-3727-2015 OI Dondin, Frederic/0000-0003-0397-759X NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 93 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.08.002 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR8WX UT WOS:000343853200014 ER PT J AU Adesina, SK Wight, SA Akala, EO AF Adesina, Simeon K. Wight, Scott A. Akala, Emmanuel O. TI Optimization of the fabrication of novel stealth PLA-based nanoparticles by dispersion polymerization using D-optimal mixture design SO DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY LA English DT Article DE Free radical dispersion polymerization; macromonomer; optimization; Scheffe polynomial ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYSTYRENE PARTICLES; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; MONODISPERSE; MACROMONOMERS; DEGRADATION; COPOLYMERS AB Purpose: Nanoparticle size is important in drug delivery. Clearance of nanoparticles by cells of the reticuloendothelial system has been reported to increase with increase in particle size. Further, nanoparticles should be small enough to avoid lung or spleen filtering effects. Endocytosis and accumulation in tumor tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention effect are also processes that are influenced by particle size. We present the results of studies designed to optimize cross-linked biodegradable stealth polymeric nanoparticles fabricated by dispersion polymerization. Methods: Nanoparticles were fabricated using different amounts of macromonomer, initiators, crosslinking agent and stabilizer in a dioxane/DMSO/water solvent system. Confirmation of nanoparticle formation was by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). D-optimal mixture statistical experimental design was used for the experimental runs, followed by model generation (Scheffe polynomial) and optimization with the aid of a computer software. Model verification was done by comparing particle size data of some suggested solutions to the predicted particle sizes. Results and conclusion: Data showed that average particle sizes follow the same trend as predicted by the model. Negative terms in the model corresponding to the cross-linking agent and stabilizer indicate the important factors for minimizing particle size. C1 [Adesina, Simeon K.; Akala, Emmanuel O.] Howard Univ, Coll Pharm, CDRD, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Wight, Scott A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Akala, EO (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Pharm, CDRD, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM eakala@howard.edu FU NCI/NIH Grant [1 SC2 CA138179001]; NIH/NIAID Grant [5P30A1087714-02, 11-M56R CFDA 93.855]; NCRR/NIH [1 C06 RR 020608-01, 1 C06 RR 14469-01] FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work was supported by NCI/NIH Grant #: 1 SC2 CA138179001, and NIH/NIAID Grant # 5P30A1087714-02 (11-M56R CFDA # 93.855). This work was carried out in facilities supported by NCRR/NIH Grants #1 C06 RR 020608-01 and #1 C06 RR 14469-01. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0363-9045 EI 1520-5762 J9 DRUG DEV IND PHARM JI Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1547 EP 1556 DI 10.3109/03639045.2013.838578 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AR9WL UT WOS:000343927100017 PM 24059281 ER PT J AU Foltz, KM Baird, RW Ylitalo, GM Jensen, BA AF Foltz, Kerry M. Baird, Robin W. Ylitalo, Gina M. Jensen, Brenda A. TI Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai'i SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1); Pseudorca; Hawaiian cetacean; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); Blubber dart biopsy; Biomarker ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; DENSIROSTRIS BEAKED-WHALES; SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SITE FIDELITY; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; NORTH PACIFIC AB Odontocetes (toothed whales) are considered sentinel species in the marine environment because of their high trophic position, long life spans, and blubber that accumulates lipophilic contaminants. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a biomarker of exposure and molecular effects of certain persistent organic pollutants. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CYP1A1 expression in blubber biopsies collected by non-lethal sampling methods from 10 species of free-ranging Hawaiian odontocetes: short-finned pilot whale, melon-headed whale, pygmy killer whale, common bottlenose dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, Blainville's beaked whale, Cuvier's beaked whale, sperm whale, and endangered main Hawaiian Islands insular false killer whale. Significantly higher levels of CYP1A1 were observed in false killer whales and rough-toothed dolphins compared to melon-headed whales, and in general, trophic position appears to influence CYP1A1 expression patterns in particular species groups. No significant differences in CYP1A1 were found based on age class or sex across all samples. However, within male false killer whales, juveniles expressed significantly higher levels of CYP1A1 when compared to adults. Total polychlorinated biphenyl (aPCBs) concentrations in 84 % of false killer whales exceeded proposed threshold levels for health effects, and aPCBs correlated with CYP1A1 expression. There was no significant relationship between PCB toxic equivalent quotient and CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that this response may be influenced by agonists other than the dioxin-like PCBs measured in this study. No significant differences were found for CYP1A1 expression among social clusters of false killer whales. This work provides a foundation for future health monitoring of the endangered stock of false killer whales and other Hawaiian odontocetes. C1 [Foltz, Kerry M.; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jensen, BA (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kmcfoltz@gmail.com; rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org; gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov; bjensen@hpu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NMF4520169]; Hawai'i Pacific University's Graduate Trustee's scholarship; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; United States Navy [N45]; Naval Postgraduate School; Office of Naval Research (through the Alaska SeaLife Center/University of Alaska Fairbanks); NMFS Office of Protected Resources FX CYP1A1 lab work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) award NA10NMF4520169 and Hawai'i Pacific University's Graduate Trustee's scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by Grants and contracts to Cascadia Research Collective from the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Southwest Fisheries Science Center (with support from the United States Navy - N45), the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Office of Naval Research (through the Alaska SeaLife Center/University of Alaska Fairbanks). We would like to thank Daniel Webster, Jessica Aschettino and Greg Schorr for assistance in the field, and Su Fertall White for her technical assistance. Louella Dolar and Karen Martien at Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Renee Albertson at Oregon State University provided genetic analysis, and Sabre Mahaffy confirmed individual and population identity from photographs. We appreciate the PCB analyses provided by Bernie Anulacion, Jennie Bolton, Daryle Boyd, Richard Boyer, Ron Pearce and Catherine Sloan from National Marine Fisheries Service's (NMFS) Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank Teri Rowles of the NMFS Office of Protected Resources for her financial support under the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. Biopsy samples were collected under NMFS Scientific Research Permits 774-1714 and 14097 held by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1607 EP 1618 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AR9FG UT WOS:000343877400002 PM 25134676 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ Miles, MS AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. Miles, M. Scott TI Effect of Deepwater Horizon Oil on Growth Rates of Juvenile Penaeid Shrimps SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Field experiment; Growth comparison; Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Litopenaeus setiferus; Food addition ID MARSH-EDGE FISHES; SALT-MARSH; WHITE SHRIMP; BROWN SHRIMP; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; GALVESTON-BAY; CRUDE-OIL AB Marsh shoreline, an important habitat for juvenile penaeid shrimps, was extensively oiled in coastal Louisiana by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. The effect of this spill on growth was examined for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus held for 7 days in field mesocosms in Barataria Bay during May and August 2011, respectively. The experiments each had 10 treatment combinations, five apparent oil levels, each one with and without added food. Mesocosms were placed in northern Barataria Bay along shorelines that varied in oiling (designated as heavy, moderate, light, very light, or none based on NOAA surveys), and shrimp in half the mesocosms received additional food. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations determined from sediment cores collected at each mesocosm were significantly higher at heavy and moderate than very light shorelines and also higher at moderate than light and none shorelines. Brown shrimp grew more slowly at heavy than very light or none shorelines, and a statistically significant negative relationship was detected between brown shrimp growth rates and sediment PAH concentrations. In August, PAH sediment concentrations had decreased significantly from the values measured in May, no significant difference in white shrimp growth rates was detected among oiling levels, and no relationship was detected between white shrimp growth and sediment PAH concentrations. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp grew more rapidly in mesocosms where food was added. Our study shows that exposure to nonlethal concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons can reduce growth rates of juvenile penaeid shrimps. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Galveston Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Miles, M. Scott] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Lawrence.Rozas@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, LA. NOAA supplemental funding made available to examine impacts of the Deepwater Horizon spill supported this project. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank Lainey Broussard, Harmon Brown, Kim Clausen, Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Shawn Hillen, Christin Hutchison, Trey Mace, Michael Prewitt, Vanessa Retzlaff, Juan Salas, and Heather Seiler for helping to conduct the field experiments and collect and process the samples. We acknowledge Buffy A. Meyer and Dr. Heng Gao for conducting the hydrocarbon analyses and Phil Caldwell for producing Fig. 1. Dr. Shahrokh Rouhani (NewFields Co., LLC) provided advice on statistical analyses. Two anonymous reviewers and Judy Grassle provided helpful suggestions that improved the original manuscript. We acknowledge NOAA and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 90 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2014 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1414 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9766-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6WY UT WOS:000343722700008 ER PT J AU Jeong, SJ Medvigy, D AF Jeong, Su-Jong Medvigy, David TI Macroscale prediction of autumn leaf coloration throughout the continental United States SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Autumn phenology; climate change; deciduous trees; leaf coloration; phenology models; scaling ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CARBON UPTAKE; PHENOLOGY; SATELLITE; MODELS; TREES; USA AB AimPrevious studies have shown that warming temperatures can affect the phenology of cold deciduous forests, delaying the timing of leaf coloration. However, these works have principally been based on observations from a small number of sites. Consequently it has been challenging to infer continental-scale variations in the phenology of individual deciduous forest species and the extent to which there may be underlying climate drivers for these variations. To address that problem, this study evaluated and predicted the large-scale variations of leaf colouring by using macroscale observations and models. LocationNorth America. MethodsWe developed leaf colouring models using select observations (1) from Harvard Forest only and (2) from both Harvard Forest and a new, ground-based, Alaskan dataset from the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN). Both model types were evaluated using reserved observations from the continental-scale USA-NPN that were not used in model calibration. Validated models were then used to assess the spatial scaling and interspecies variation in the timing of leaf coloration. The sensitivity of the models to projected climate change was also evaluated. ResultsUsing a model calibrated only with data from Harvard Forest, significant biases were found in predictions of leaf colouring date for species with broad habitat ranges in the temperate to boreal regions. When calibration data from both Harvard Forest and Alaska were used, model performance improved throughout the whole continent. It was also found that species with similar shade tolerance could be described by similar models. Finally, the models indicated that climate change over the next century will affect leaf coloration in Alaska less than in the Harvard Forest region. Main conclusionsFor a given species, continental-scale variations in the timing of autumn leaf coloration can be predicted using a model driven by photoperiod and daily temperature. The temperature sensitivity of the leaf colouring date is nonlinear, such that warmer regions have a larger temperature sensitivity than cooler regions. Species-specific measurements from multiple environments are essential for model parameterization. C1 [Jeong, Su-Jong] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jeong, Su-Jong] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jeong, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Su-Jong.Jeong@jpl.nasa.gov RI Jeong, Su-Jong/J-4110-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX This research was supported by award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. The authors wish to thank J. Weltzin and the USA-NPN staff for helpful comments and discussions. The observed autumn foliage data were provided by the USA National Phenology Network and the many participants who contribute to its Nature's Notebook program (http://www.usanpn.org/). We thank J. O'Keefe for making the Harvard Forest phenology data available (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. The US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support for CMIP, and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors sincerely appreciate the critical and valuable comments made by two editors and two referees. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1245 EP 1254 DI 10.1111/geb.12206 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA AR6ZU UT WOS:000343730600010 ER PT J AU Thomadsen, B Nath, R Bateman, FB Farr, J Glisson, C Islam, MK LaFrance, T Moore, ME Xu, XG Yudelev, M AF Thomadsen, Bruce Nath, Ravinder Bateman, Fred B. Farr, Jonathan Glisson, Cal Islam, Mohammad K. LaFrance, Terry Moore, Mary E. Xu, X. George Yudelev, Mark TI POTENTIAL HAZARD DUE TO INDUCED RADIOACTIVITY SECONDARY TO RADIOTHERAPY: THE REPORT OF TASK GROUP 136 OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICISTS IN MEDICINE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE accelerators, medical; exposure, occupational; radiation risk; radiation therapy ID NEUTRON-THERAPY FACILITY; RADIATION PROTECTION ASPECTS; ENERGY LINEAR-ACCELERATOR; ACTIVATION PRODUCTS; PROTON THERAPY; MULTILEAF COLLIMATOR; STAFF PROTECTION; DOSE-EQUIVALENT; LAYER-STACKING; SAFETY SURVEY AB External-beam radiation therapy mostly uses high-energy photons (x-rays) produced by medical accelerators, but many facilities now use proton beams, and a few use fast-neutron beams. High-energy photons offer several advantages over lower-energy photons in terms of better dose distributions for deep-seated tumors, lower skin dose, less sensitivity to tissue heterogeneities, etc. However, for beams operating at or above 10 MV, some of the materials in the accelerator room and the radiotherapy patient become radioactive due primarily to photonuclear reactions and neutron capture, exposing therapy staff and patients to unwanted radiation dose. Some recent advances in radiotherapy technology require treatments using a higher number of monitor units and monitor-unit rates for the same delivered dose, and compared to the conventional treatment techniques and fractionation schemes, the activation dose to personnel can be substantially higher. Radiotherapy treatments with proton and neutron beams all result in activated materials in the treatment room. In this report, the authors review critically the published literature on radiation exposures from induced radioactivity in radiotherapy. They conclude that the additional exposure to the patient due to induced radioactivity is negligible compared to the overall radiation exposure as a part of the treatment. The additional exposure to the staff due to induced activity from photon beams is small at an estimated level of about 1 to 2 mSv y(-1). This is well below the allowed occupational exposure limits. Therefore, the potential hazard to staff from induced radioactivity in the use of high-energy x-rays is considered to be low, and no specific actions are considered necessary or mandatory. However, in the spirit of the "As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)" program, some reasonable steps are recommended that can be taken to reduce this small exposure to an even lower level. The dose reduction strategies suggested should be followed only if these actions are considered reasonable and practical in the individual clinics. Therapists working with proton beam and neutron beam units handle treatment devices that do become radioactive, and they should wear extremity monitors and make handling apertures and boluses their last task upon entering the room following treatment. Personnel doses from neutron-beam units can approach regulatory limits depending on the number of patients and beams, and strategies to reduce doses should be followed. C1 [Thomadsen, Bruce] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nath, Ravinder] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Bateman, Fred B.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Farr, Jonathan] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Radiol Sci, Div Radiat Oncol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Glisson, Cal] Loma Linda Univ, Off Radiat Safety, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. [Islam, Mohammad K.] Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Radiat Phys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. [LaFrance, Terry] Baystate Hlth Syst Inc, Med Phys Radiat Safety Dept, Springfield, MA 01199 USA. [Moore, Mary E.] Philadelphia VA Med Ctr, Radiat Safety Off, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Xu, X. George] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Program Nucl Engn & Engn Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Yudelev, Mark] Ted B Wahby Canc Ctr, Mt Clemens, MI 48043 USA. RP Thomadsen, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Wisconsin Inst Med Res 1005, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM brthomad@wisc.edu NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 107 IS 5 BP 442 EP 460 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000139 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AR7QF UT WOS:000343773700009 PM 25271934 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JM Rhodes, M Brown, CW Hood, RR Leight, A Long, W Wood, R AF Jacobs, J. M. Rhodes, M. Brown, C. W. Hood, R. R. Leight, A. Long, W. Wood, R. TI Modeling and forecasting the distribution of Vibrio vulnificus in Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; forecasting; modeling; pathogen; Vibrio ID REAL-TIME PCR; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; PROPIDIUM MONOAZIDE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE AB AimTo construct statistical models to predict the presence, abundance and potential virulence of Vibrio vulnificus in surface waters of Chesapeake Bay for implementation in ecological forecasting systems. Methods and ResultsWe evaluated and applied previously published qPCR assays to water samples (n=1636) collected from Chesapeake Bay from 2007-2010 in conjunction with State water quality monitoring programmes. A variety of statistical techniques were used in concert to identify water quality parameters associated with V.vulnificus presence, abundance and virulence markers in the interest of developing strong predictive models for use in regional oceanographic modeling systems. A suite of models are provided to represent the best model fit and alternatives using environmental variables that allow them to be put to immediate use in current ecological forecasting efforts. ConclusionsEnvironmental parameters such as temperature, salinity and turbidity are capable of accurately predicting abundance and distribution of V.vulnificus in Chesapeake Bay. Forcing these empirical models with output from ocean modeling systems allows for spatially explicit forecasts for up to 48h in the future. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study uses one of the largest data sets compiled to model Vibrio in an estuary, enhances our understanding of environmental correlates with abundance, distribution and presence of potentially virulent strains and offers a method to forecast these pathogens that may be replicated in other regions. C1 [Jacobs, J. M.; Leight, A.; Wood, R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Rhodes, M.] JHT Inc, NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Brown, C. W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Hood, R. R.; Long, W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Long, W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. RP Jacobs, JM (reprint author), NOAA, NOS Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 South Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM John.Jacobs@NOAA.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1312 EP 1327 DI 10.1111/jam.12624 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AR9DB UT WOS:000343870700010 PM 25139334 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Goldfeder, R Priest, J Grove, M Wheeler, M Ashley, E Salit, M AF Zook, J. M. Goldfeder, R. Priest, J. Grove, M. Wheeler, M. Ashley, E. Salit, M. TI Assessing the Impact of False Positive and False Negative Variant Calls on Clinical Genome Interpretation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Molecular-Pathology (AMP) CY NOV 12-15, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP Assoc Mol Pathol C1 [Zook, J. M.; Salit, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldfeder, R.; Priest, J.; Grove, M.; Wheeler, M.; Ashley, E.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 EI 1943-7811 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 16 IS 6 MA G52 BP 711 EP 711 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA AR7YZ UT WOS:000343794200066 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A Cable, K AF Stoltzfus, Arlin Cable, Kele TI Mendelian-Mutationism: The Forgotten Evolutionary Synthesis SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mutationism; Darwinism; de Vries; Morgan; Bateson; Punnett ID STANDING GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; NATURAL-SELECTION; ADAPTATION; DEVRIES,HUGO; HEREDITY; ORIGIN; DARWIN AB According to a classical narrative, early geneticists, failing to see how Mendelism provides the missing pieces of Darwin's theory, rejected gradual changes and advocated an implausible yet briefly popular view of evolution-by-mutation; after decades of delay (in which synthesis was prevented by personal conflicts, disciplinary rivalries, and anti-Darwinian animus), Darwinism emerged on a new Mendelian basis. Based on the works of four influential early geneticists - Bateson, de Vries, Morgan and Punnett -, and drawing on recent scholarship, we offer an alternative that turns the classical view on its head. For early geneticists, embracing discrete inheritance and the mutation theory (for the origin of hereditary variation) did not entail rejection of selection, but rejection of Darwin's non-Mendelian views of heredity and variation, his doctrine of natura non facit saltum, and his conception of "natural selection" as a creative force that shapes features out of masses of infinitesimal differences. We find no evidence of a delay in synthesizing mutation, rules of discrete inheritance, and selection in a Mendelian-Mutationist Synthesis. Instead, before 1918, early geneticists had conceptualized allelic selection, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the evolution of a quantitative trait under selection, the probability of fixation of a new mutation, and other key innovations. Contemporary evolutionary thinking seems closer to their more ecumenical view than to the restrictive mid-twentieth-century consensus known as the Modern Synthesis. C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cable, Kele] Univ Minnesota, Program Hist Sci & Technol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM arlin@umd.edu; cable020@umn.edu OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 147 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-5010 EI 1573-0387 J9 J HIST BIOL JI J. Hist. Biol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 501 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s10739-014-9383-2 PG 46 WC Biology; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA AR7JL UT WOS:000343755500001 PM 24811736 ER PT J AU Soo, YL Wu, TS Chen, YC Shiu, YF Peng, HJ Tsai, YW Liao, PY Zheng, YZ Chang, SL Chan, TS Lee, JF Sterbinsky, GE Li, H Cheng, HH AF Soo, Y. L. wu, T. S. Chen, Y. C. Shiu, Y. F. Peng, H. J. Tsai, Y. W. Liao, P. Y. Zheng, Y. Z. Chang, S. L. Chan, T. S. Lee, J. F. Sterbinsky, G. E. Li, H. Cheng, H. H. TI Substitutional incorporation of Sn in compressively strained thin films of heavily-alloyed Ge1-xSnx/Ge semiconductor probed by x-ray absorption and diffraction methods SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ge1-xSnx; EXAFS; MBE ID FINE-STRUCTURE; LIGHT; GAP; SI AB Short-range-order and long-range-order structures in Ge1 - xSnx/Ge thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were investigated by using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. These materials are of great potential for constructing efficient optoelectronic devices. The EXAFS analysis demonstrates that Sn atoms occupy Ge sites in these thin-film samples with Sn concentration up to 20 at.%. The Ge-Sn bonds expected in the substitutional model were also observed in Raman spectra of these samples. The XRD results show that, in the out-of-plane direction, the lattice constants of the films are distinctly larger than that of the Ge substrates. However, such increased lattice parameters were not observed in the in-plane direction. Our x-ray and Raman results have clearly revealed substitutional incorporation of Sn with high concentration in dislocation-free MBE-grown Ge films of practical-device thickness. C1 [Soo, Y. L.; wu, T. S.; Chen, Y. C.; Shiu, Y. F.; Peng, H. J.; Tsai, Y. W.; Liao, P. Y.; Zheng, Y. Z.; Chang, S. L.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Soo, Y. L.; wu, T. S.; Chen, Y. C.; Shiu, Y. F.; Peng, H. J.; Tsai, Y. W.; Liao, P. Y.; Zheng, Y. Z.; Chang, S. L.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Frontier Res Ctr Fundamental & Appl Sci Matters, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Soo, Y. L.; Chang, S. L.; Chan, T. S.; Lee, J. F.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Sterbinsky, G. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, H.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Li, H.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Soo, YL (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM soo@phys.nthu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016; 李, 輝/B-1694-2016 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [100-2112-M-007-015-MY3]; Academia Sinica [AS-98-TP-A03]; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters at National Tsing Hua University FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Joseph C Woicik for useful discussion and technical support. The present research has been partly supported by National Science Council, Taiwan, under Project No. 100-2112-M-007-015-MY3, and by Academia Sinica (Project No. AS-98-TP-A03). We thank the Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters at National Tsing Hua University for financial support. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 29 IS 11 AR 115008 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/29/11/115008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA AS0YS UT WOS:000344003300011 ER PT J AU Coscieme, L Pulselli, FM Bastianoni, S Elvidge, CD Anderson, S Sutton, PC AF Coscieme, Luca Pulselli, Federico M. Bastianoni, Simone Elvidge, Christopher D. Anderson, Sharolyn Sutton, Paul C. TI A Thermodynamic Geography: Night-Time Satellite Imagery as a Proxy Measure of Emergy SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Emergy; Night-time lights; Geographic information systems; Territorial systems; Thermodynamic geography ID SPIN-ECO PROJECT; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; WATER-RESOURCES; SET-THEORY; SUSTAINABILITY; LIGHTS; INDICATORS; VALUATION; EMISSIONS; PROVINCE AB Night-time satellite imagery enables the measurement, visualization, and mapping of energy consumption in an area. In this paper, an index of the "sum of lights" as observed by night-time satellite imagery within national boundaries is compared with the emergy of the nations. Emergy is a measure of the solar energy equivalent used, directly or indirectly, to support the processes that characterize the economic activity in a country. Emergy has renewable and non-renewable components. Our results show that the non-renewable component of national emergy use is positively correlated with night-time satellite imagery. This relationship can be used to produce emergy density maps which enable the incorporation of spatially explicit representations of emergy in geographic information systems. The region of Abruzzo (Italy) is used to demonstrate this relationship as a spatially disaggregate case. C1 [Coscieme, Luca; Anderson, Sharolyn; Sutton, Paul C.] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Pulselli, Federico M.; Bastianoni, Simone] Univ Siena, Ecodynam Grp, DEEPS Dept Earth Environm & Phys Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sutton, Paul C.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Pulselli, FM (reprint author), Univ Siena, Ecodynam Grp, DEEPS Dept Earth Environm & Phys Sci, Pian Mantellini 44, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM coscieme2@unisi.it; federico.pulselli@unisi.it; simone.bastianoni@unisi.it; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; Sharolyn.Anderson@unisa.edu.au; Paul.Sutton@unisa.edu.au RI Anderson, Sharolyn/F-4653-2013; Bastianoni, Simone/K-6721-2015; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; OI Anderson, Sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193; Bastianoni, Simone/0000-0002-6470-7377; Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; Coscieme, Luca/0000-0003-4427-3628 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD NOV PY 2014 VL 43 IS 7 BP 969 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s13280-013-0468-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AR5YW UT WOS:000343659300014 PM 24338007 ER PT J AU Reed, ZD Sperling, B van Zee, RD Whetstone, JR Gillis, KA Hodges, JT AF Reed, Zachary D. Sperling, Brent van Zee, Roger D. Whetstone, James R. Gillis, Keith A. Hodges, Joseph T. TI Photoacoustic spectrometer for accurate, continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; MOLECULAR RELAXATION; DIODE-LASERS; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE; GAS; CO2; SENSOR; AIR; RETRIEVALS AB We have developed a portable photoacoustic spectrometer that offers routine, precise and accurate measurements of the molar concentration of atmospheric carbon. The temperature-controlled spectrometer continuously samples dried atmospheric air and employs an intensity-modulated distributed feedback laser and fiber amplifier operating near 1.57 A mu m. For measurements of carbon dioxide in air, we demonstrate a measurement precision (60-s averaging time) of 0.15 A mu mol mol(-1) and achieve a standard uncertainty of 0.8 A mu mol mol(-1) by calibrating the analyzer response in terms of certified gas mixtures. We also investigate how water vapor affects the photoacoustic signal by promoting collisional relaxation of the carbon dioxide. C1 [Reed, Zachary D.; Sperling, Brent; van Zee, Roger D.; Whetstone, James R.; Gillis, Keith A.; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program FX Support for this research was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 117 IS 2 BP 645 EP 657 DI 10.1007/s00340-014-5878-y PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AR6TZ UT WOS:000343717300016 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Reneke, PA Peacock, RD AF Ronchi, Enrico Reneke, Paul A. Peacock, Richard D. TI A Method for the Analysis of Behavioural Uncertainty in Evacuation Modelling SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evacuation modelling; Behavioural uncertainty; Human behaviour in fire; Functional analysis; Convergence criteria AB Evacuation models generally include the use of distributions or probabilistic variables to simulate the variability of possible human behaviours. A single model setup of the same evacuation scenario may therefore produce a distribution of different occupant-evacuation time curves in the case of the use of a random sampling method. This creates an additional component of uncertainty caused by the impact of the number of simulated runs of the same scenario on evacuation model predictions, here named behavioural uncertainty. To date there is no universally accepted quantitative method to evaluate behavioural uncertainty and the selection of the number of runs is left to a qualitative judgement of the model user. A simple quantitative method using convergence criteria based on functional analysis is presented to address this issue. The method permits (1) the analysis of the variability of model predictions in relation to the number of runs of the same evacuation scenario, i.e. the study of behavioural uncertainty and (2) the identification of the optimal number of runs of the same scenario in relation to pre-defined acceptance criteria. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Reneke, Paul A.; Peacock, Richard D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1545 EP 1571 DI 10.1007/s10694-013-0352-7 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AR6WK UT WOS:000343721200013 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Bayes estimators of heterogeneity variance and T-systems SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Curved exponential family; Dirichlet averages; Laguerre polynomials; Meta-analysis; Minimaxity; Quadrature formulas; Stieltjes transform ID EXPONENTIAL-FAMILIES; GAMMA-DISTRIBUTION; SCALE PARAMETER AB The considered problem concerns simultaneous inference for curve-confined natural parameters of independent, heterogeneous gamma random variables with known shape parameters. A loss function is suggested that is motivated by meta-analysis, and some properties of the minimax value of the corresponding risk are obtained. Bayes estimators and quadrature formulas for their numerical evaluation are provided, along with Monte Carlo simulations and comparisons of numerical implementations of several alternative estimators. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 EI 1873-1171 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 154 SI SI BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2013.12.013 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AR1MG UT WOS:000343348700014 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Underkoffler, KE Sundberg, MA AF Hyde, John R. Underkoffler, Karen E. Sundberg, Meagan A. TI DNA barcoding provides support for a cryptic species complex within the globally distributed and fishery important opah (Lampris guttatus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; Lampris guttatus; moonfish; opah ID TELEOSTEI; PCR AB The cornerstone of fisheries management relies on a solid taxonomic base and an understanding of how animals can be grouped into coherent management units. Surprisingly, little is known about the basic biology and ecology of opah (Lampris guttatus), a globally distributed species that is commercially exploited and regionally common in the North Pacific. Recent efforts to collect life history data on this species uncovered evidence of two North Pacific morphotypes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (655bp) for these morphotypes and other specimens collected worldwide (n=480) produced five strongly diverged and well-supported clades. Additional sequence data from the cytochrome b gene (1141bp) as well as the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (1323bp) corroborated these results, suggesting these five clades probably represent separate species. Our conclusion that opah is a complex of five separate species has implications for management and indicates a need to gather additional data on these poorly understood fishes. C1 [Hyde, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Underkoffler, Karen E.; Sundberg, Meagan A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM John.Hyde@NOAA.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1239 EP 1247 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12268 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AR8DJ UT WOS:000343805400013 PM 24751335 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, G Ervens, B Wang, Z Maudlin, LC Coggon, MM Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH Sorooshian, A AF Prabhakar, Gouri Ervens, B. Wang, Z. Maudlin, L. C. Coggon, M. M. Jonsson, H. H. Seinfeld, J. H. Sorooshian, A. TI Sources of nitrate in stratocumulus cloud water: Airborne measurements during the 2011 E-PEACE and 2013 NiCE studies SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud water; Chloride depletion; Stratocumulus; Marine; Biomass burning; Sea-salt ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; MARINE AEROSOL; NITRIC-ACID; EMISSIONS; FIELD; DEPLOYMENT; EFFICIENCY; CAMPAIGN; IMPACTS; INLET AB This study examines the sources of NO3- in stratocumulus clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the California coast using airborne and surface measurement data from the Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE; 2011) and Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE; 2013). Average NO3- air-equivalent concentrations in cloud water samples categorized as having been influenced by ship exhaust (2.5 mu g m(-3)), strong marine emissions (2.5 mu g m(-3)) and fires (2.0 mu g m(-3)) were more than twice that in the background cloud water (0.9 mu g m(-3)). During periods when biomass burning plumes resided above cloud top, 16 of 29 cloud water samples were impacted due to instability in the entrainment interface layer with NO3- levels reaching as high as 9.0 mu g m(-3). Nucleation scavenging of chloride depleted sea-salt is a source of cloud water NO3-, with the lowest Cl-:Na+ ratio (1.5) observed in ship-influenced samples. Surface aerosol measurements show that NOT concentrations peak in the particle diameter range of 1.0-5.6 mu m, similar to Na, Cl- and Si, suggesting that drop activation of crustal particles and sea salt could be an important source of NO3- in cloud water. The contrasting behavior of NOT and SO42- is emphasized by the NO3-:SO42- mass concentration ratio which is highest in cloud water (by more than a factor of two) followed by above cloud aerosol, droplet residual particles, and below cloud aerosol. Trends of a decreasing NO3-:SO42- ratio with altitude in clouds are confirmed by parcel model studies due to the higher rate of in-cloud sulfate formation as compared to HNO3 uptake by droplets. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prabhakar, Gouri; Maudlin, L. C.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ervens, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] NOAA, ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Z.; Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Coggon, M. M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Prabhakar, Gouri/0000-0003-4578-8658; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1008848]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811, and National Science Foundation grant AGS-1008848. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector. Barbara Ervens acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 97 SI SI BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.019 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AR1HQ UT WOS:000343336700020 ER PT J AU Burks, B Hamstad, MA AF Burks, Brian Hamstad, M. A. TI The impact of solid-fluid interaction on transient stress wave propagation due to Acoustic Emissions in multi-layer plate structures SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Modal Acoustic Emission; Stress wave propagation; Leaky Lamb Waves; Solid-fluid interaction; Multi-physics simulation; Composite overwrapped pressure vessels ID FINITE-ELEMENT; MATRIX CRACKING; MODE; COMPOSITES AB In this work the effect of a solid-fluid interaction on stress wave propagation within a composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) was investigated. A modeling approach capable of adequately capturing the multi-physics nature of the solid-fluid interaction is presented, and then validated through comparison to experimental waveforms and time-frequency distributions. With a validated modeling approach, a numerical study on stress wave propagation in COPV structures was undertaken. It was found that the compressibility of the pressurizing media used during the pressure testing of COPVs has an effect on the leakage of the propagating Lamb modes, as well as alternative direct paths that may propagate within the fluid. Results regarding the effects of the most common microstructural deformation mechanisms that occur in composite materials on the detected Lamb modes, as well as on the direct fluid path arrival are presented. Finally, the impact of source depth on the detected Lamb modes and the direct fluid path arrival was investigated. It was found that information gleaned from the direct fluid path arrival may have the potential for aiding Modal Acoustic Emission practices in source mechanism identification, determination of source orientation, as well as source depth estimation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burks, Brian; Hamstad, M. A.] NIST, Adv Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hamstad, M. A.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Burks, B (reprint author), NIST, Adv Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway Mailstop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brianburks5@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575]; National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship FX This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number OCI-1053575. Also, Brian Burks acknowledges the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship awarded to him for his time at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, CO. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 117 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.07.010 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AQ6ZA UT WOS:000342961200038 ER PT J AU Moore, JG Ruple, A Ballenger-Bass, K Bell, S Pennington, PL Scott, GI AF Moore, J. Gooch Ruple, A. Ballenger-Bass, K. Bell, S. Pennington, P. L. Scott, G. I. TI Snapshot of Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in open and closed shellfish beds in Coastal South Carolina and Mississippi SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Oysters; Surface water; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Open and closed shellfish areas; Atlantic coast; Gulf coast ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH; SHELLSTOCK OYSTERS; PREDICTIVE MODEL; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RAW OYSTERS; NEW-YORK; VULNIFICUS AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram negative, halophilic bacterium that is ubiquitous in warm, tropical waters throughout the world. It is a major cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis and is generally associated with consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially oysters. This study presents a snapshot of total V. parahaemolyticus densities in surface waters and shellstock American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from open and closed shellfish harvesting areas, as well as "more rural areas" on two different US coasts, the Atlantic and the Gulf. Sampling was conducted from 2001 to 2003 at five sites near Charleston/Georgetown, SC and at four locations in the Gulfport/Pascagoula, MS area. V. parahaemolyticus numbers were determined by a direct plating method using an alkaline-phosphatase-labeled DNA probe targeting the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh) that was used for identification of bacterial isolates. The greatest difference between the two coasts was salinity; mean salinity in SC surface waters was 32.9 ppt, whereas the mean salinity in MS waters was 19.2 ppt, indicating more freshwater input into MS shellfish harvesting areas during the study period. The mean V. parahaemolyticus numbers in oysters were almost identical between the two states (567.4 vs. 560.1 CFU/g). Bacterial numbers in the majority of surface water samples from both states were at or below the limit of detection (LOD = < 10 CFU/mL). The bacterial concentrations determined during this study predict a low public health risk from consumption of oysters in shellfish growing areas on either the Gulf or the Atlantic US coast. C1 [Moore, J. Gooch; Ballenger-Bass, K.; Pennington, P. L.; Scott, G. I.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res CCEHBR Lab, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Ruple, A.; Bell, S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, NSIL, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Moore, JG (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res CCEHBR Lab, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM janet.moore@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Council FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. Partial funding for this project was provided by a grant from the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Council (Dorn Carlson & Dean Wilkinson). We thank Ben Whaley and Harry Seel with South SCDHEC, AK Leight, Blaine West, and Rusty Day at the NOAA CCEHBR Lab for sample collection and transport to the Lab in Charleston, SC. We are grateful to James Daugomah at the NOAA CCEHBR Lab for creating GIS maps of sampling sites. We also thank the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, Fisheries Personnel, who collected samples and transported them to the NMFS, NSIL Lab in Pascagoula, Mississippi. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 186 IS 11 BP 7949 EP 7960 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3979-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ8CU UT WOS:000343051400074 PM 25106119 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, M Babcock, EA AF Karnauskas, Mandy Babcock, Elizabeth A. TI An analysis of indicators for the detection of effects of marine reserve protection on fish communities SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Marine reserve; Fisheries management; Commercial fish species; BACI experimental design; Coral reef; Local ecological knowledge ID AREA MANAGEMENT; SPILLOVER; CORAL; FISHERIES; IMPACT; ATOLL; SIZE; CONSERVATION; PERCEPTIONS; PHILIPPINES AB We investigated the effects of marine reserve protection on fish and benthic communities at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve, Belize, using a broad suite of indicators. Responses of fish species to protection were highly variable, and therefore indicators calculated at the fish community level were ambiguous. According to 11 of 13 community-level indicators, sites located within the no-take zone fared more poorly over time than did sites in the surrounding fished area. However, we were able to detect positive reserve effects using a newly-proposed pair of indicators, which take into account spatial distribution of different species at the time of the no-take zone implementation. These indicators showed that species subject to low fishing pressure increased inside and to a lesser extent outside the no-take zone, while species subject to higher levels of fishing pressure increased in the no-take zone but decreased in the fished area. Indicators of changes in the fish community were not correlated with those related to the benthic community, and we suggest that indicators be carefully selected to match management objectives. We also find that positive reserve effects based on present-day data (e.g., higher abundances of commercial species inside the no-take zone versus outside) were often not associated with increases in fish densities over time, and suggest caution when interpreting abundance patterns in the absence of historical data. We recommend that similar studies be carried out at a variety of reserve sites, to test our proposed indicators and increase our understanding of community-level responses to fisheries closures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karnauskas, Mandy; Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Karnauskas, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Mandy.Karnauskas@noaa.gov; ebabcock@rsmas.miami.edu FU Pew Institute for Ocean Science; University of Miami Graduate Fellowships; Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research at the University of Miami; Conservation Fund; Wildlife Conservation Society-Conservation Endowment Fund; American Zoo and Aquarium Association FX This work was funded by the Pew Institute for Ocean Science. M.K. was supported by University of Miami Graduate Fellowships and the Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research at the University of Miami. We thank the staff and scientists at the Wildlife Conservation Society in Belize for their assistance as we conducted our research in Belize. We also appreciate the efforts of D. Thoney and other staff and scientists who carried out the data collection at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve from 1998 to 1999. The Conservation Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society-Conservation Endowment Fund, and American Zoo and Aquarium Association provided financial support for the 1998 to 1999 data collection. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 46 BP 454 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.006 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AQ2YO UT WOS:000342656100048 ER PT J AU Rennie, JJ Lawrimore, JH Gleason, BE Thorne, PW Morice, CP Menne, MJ Williams, CN de Almeida, WG Christy, JR Flannery, M Ishihara, M Kamiguchi, K Klein-Tank, AMG Mhanda, A Lister, DH Razuvaev, V Renom, M Rusticucci, M Tandy, J Worley, SJ Venema, V Angel, W Brunet, M Dattore, B Diamond, H Lazzara, MA Le Blancq, F Luterbacher, J Machel, H Revadekar, J Vose, RS Yin, X AF Rennie, J. J. Lawrimore, J. H. Gleason, B. E. Thorne, P. W. Morice, C. P. Menne, M. J. Williams, C. N. de Almeida, W. Gambi Christy, J. R. Flannery, M. Ishihara, M. Kamiguchi, K. Klein-Tank, A. M. G. Mhanda, A. Lister, D. H. Razuvaev, V. Renom, M. Rusticucci, M. Tandy, J. Worley, S. J. Venema, V. Angel, W. Brunet, M. Dattore, B. Diamond, H. Lazzara, M. A. Le Blancq, F. Luterbacher, J. Maechel, H. Revadekar, J. Vose, R. S. Yin, X. TI The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: monthly temperature data release description and methods SO GEOSCIENCE DATA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE global climate; surface land temperature; statistical analysis ID MINIMUM; PROJECT; MAXIMUM; MODEL AB Described herein is the first version release of monthly temperature holdings of a new Global Land Surface Meteorological Databank. Organized under the auspices of the International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI), an international group of scientists have spent three years collating and merging data from numerous sources to create a merged holding. This release in its recommended form consists of over 30 000 individual station records, some of which extend over the past 300 years. This article describes the sources, the chosen merge methodology, and the resulting databank characteristics. Several variants of the databank have also been released that reflect the structural uncertainty in merging datasets. Variants differ in, for example, the order in which sources are considered and the degree of congruence required in station geolocation for consideration as a merged or unique record. Also described is a version control protocol that will be applied in the event of updates. Future updates are envisaged with the addition of new data sources, and with changes in processing, where public feedback is always welcomed. Major updates, when necessary, will always be accompanied by a new journal paper. This databank release forms the foundation for the construction of new global land surface air temperature analyses by the global research community and their assessment by the ISTI's benchmarking and assessment working group. C1 [Rennie, J. J.; Thorne, P. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Rennie, J. J.; Lawrimore, J. H.; Gleason, B. E.; Thorne, P. W.; Menne, M. J.; Williams, C. N.; Angel, W.; Diamond, H.; Vose, R. S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, P. W.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Morice, C. P.; Tandy, J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [de Almeida, W. Gambi] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Christy, J. R.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Flannery, M.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ishihara, M.; Kamiguchi, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Klein-Tank, A. M. G.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Mhanda, A.] African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. [Lister, D. H.; Brunet, M.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Razuvaev, V.] Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. [Renom, M.] Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Rusticucci, M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Worley, S. J.; Dattore, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Venema, V.] Univ Bonn, Meteorol Inst, Bonn, Germany. [Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Lazzara, M. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Antarctic Meteorol Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Le Blancq, F.] States Jersey Meteorol Dept, Jersey, NC USA. [Luterbacher, J.] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Maechel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdiest DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Revadekar, J.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Yin, X.] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Rennie, JJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM jared.rennie@noaa.gov RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Rennie, Jared/E-2984-2015 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Rennie, Jared/0000-0002-3316-9668 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ANT-0944018, ANT-1141908]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX This study was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. We thank the many contributors of data, which made establishment of the databank possible. This includes many National Meteorological Agencies, who have provided data either directly towards the databank effort, or have provided data for input into products such as GHCN-M and GHCN-D. Special thanks go out to CICS-NC interns Jennifer Meyer and Andrew Rogers, who provided essential analysis towards the databank. We also thank members of the public who provided feedback during the beta release of the databank, including Nick Stokes (http://moyhu.blogspot.com/). We would like to thank NCDC's graphics team for providing Figures 2 and 5. Thanks to Richard Chandler, Scott Stevens, Blair Trewin, Jesse Bell, Scott Applequist and anonymous reviewers for providing comments on the paper. A portion of the Antarctic observations (Turner et al., 2004; Lazzara et al., 2012) is partially based on work support by the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs under Grant ANT-0944018 and ANT-1141908. The work of Colin Morice is supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-6060 J9 GEOSCI DATA J JI Geosci. Data J. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 BP 75 EP 102 DI 10.1002/gdj3.8 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CV4ES UT WOS:000364219800001 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Restricted likelihood representation and decision-theoretic aspects of meta-analysis SO BERNOULLI LA English DT Article DE DerSimonian-Laird estimator; Hedges estimator; Mandel-Paule procedure; minimaxity; quadratic forms; random-effects model; Stein phenomenon ID PARAMETER AB In the random-effects model of meta-analysis a canonical representation of the restricted likelihood function is obtained. This representation relates the mean effect and the heterogeneity variance estimation problems. An explicit form of the variance of weighted means statistics determined by means of a quadratic form is found. The behavior of the mean squared error for large heterogeneity variance is elucidated. It is noted that the sample mean is not admissible nor minimax under a natural risk function for the number of studies exceeding three. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT STATISTICAL INST PI VOORBURG PA 428 PRINSES BEATRIXLAAN, 2270 AZ VOORBURG, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-7265 EI 1573-9759 J9 BERNOULLI JI Bernoulli PD NOV PY 2014 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1979 EP 1998 DI 10.3150/13-BEJ547 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA AQ1LG UT WOS:000342542300011 ER PT J AU Hoang, C Nguyen, T Stanley, D Persily, A Corsi, RL AF Hoang, Chi Nguyen, Tinh Stanley, Deborah Persily, Andrew Corsi, Richard L. TI Effect of ozonation on fungal resistance of bamboo and oak flooring materials SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fungi; Ozone; Extractives; Flooring; Oak; Bamboo ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DAMAGED BUILDING-MATERIALS; SECONDARY EMISSIONS; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; MOISTURE CONDITIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OZONE REACTIONS; WOOD; GROWTH; WATER AB Lignocellulosic materials are gaining increased interest as renewable sources of building materials. However, chemical and microbiological degradation can occur when lignocellulosic materials are exposed to environmental stressors such as ozone and elevated humidity. In this study, the effects of ozone treatment and solvent extraction on fungal growth rates of bamboo and oak flooring materials were investigated. One set of samples was extracted with a mixture of cyclohexane and ethanol solvents for 72 h to remove extractable compounds. Another set of materials was exposed continuously to ozone (2000 mu L m(-3) or 2000 ppb(v)) for one to five weeks. Solvent-extracted and ozone-treated samples were incubated in closed chambers at 85% or 55% RH and 30 degrees C. Incubated samples were removed at regular time intervals for fungal growth evaluation. Ozone treatment caused chemical changes in bamboo and oak, which appeared to reduce bamboo's resistance to fungal attack. Longer ozone exposure led to higher susceptibility to fungal growth. Untreated and ozone-treated oak showed no evidence of fungal growth, suggesting that this material may contain fungi-inhibitory compounds that are not removed by these treatments. Also, a delay in fungal growth on cyclohexane/ethanol-extracted bamboo was observed, probably due to the extraction process removing substances that enhanced fungal growth. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nguyen, Tinh; Stanley, Deborah; Persily, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corsi, Richard L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hoang, C (reprint author), 1405 Prince Wales Dr, Ottawa, ON K2C 3J9, Canada. EM phuongchi.hoang@utotonto.ca OI Persily, Andrew/0000-0002-9542-3318 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology under MSE [60NANB9D9128]; University of Texas at Austin FX The participation of Dr. Hoang in this study was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under MSE Grant No. 60NANB9D9128) with the University of Texas at Austin. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 81 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.025 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AQ1HJ UT WOS:000342532200023 ER PT J AU McLaren, RS Bourdeau-Heller, J Patel, J Thompson, JM Pagram, J Loake, T Beesley, D Pirttimaa, M Hill, CR Duewer, DL Kline, MC Butler, JM Storts, DR AF McLaren, Robert S. Bourdeau-Heller, Jeanne Patel, Jaynish Thompson, Jonelle M. Pagram, Jenny Loake, Thomas Beesley, David Pirttimaa, Markus Hill, Carolyn R. Duewer, David L. Kline, Margaret C. Butler, John M. Storts, Douglas R. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) ESI 16/17 Fast and PowerPlex (R) ESX 16/17 Fast Systems SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PowerPlex (R); ESX; ESI; Fast; Validation; Direct ID STR LOCI; MULTIPLEX; SAMPLES AB The PowerPlex (R) ESI 16 Fast, ESI 17 Fast, ESX 16 Fast, and ESX 17 Fast Systems represent faster cycling versions (50 min or less) of the PowerPlex (R) ESI and ESX Systems released by Promega in 2009 to accommodate the ENFSI and EDNAP groups' call for new STR multiplexes for Europe. In addition to amplification of purified DNA samples, these new faster cycling systems allow for direct amplification from single-source blood and buccal samples deposited on FTA (R) and nonFTA paper as well as from SwabSolution (TM) extracts of buccal swabs without the need for purification and quantitation. There are no changes to the autosomal primer pair sequences in the PowerPlex (R) ESI Fast and ESX Fast Systems compared to the original multiplexes, and full concordance at all autosomal loci and amelogenin was observed with data generated previously with the original PowerPlex (R) ESI and ESX Systems. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on these new fast systems following guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Validation data demonstrate that these systems are sensitive for detecting low levels of DNA while also being capable of generating robust profiles from the high amount of input DNA present in direct-amplification samples. These systems are also tolerant to both high concentrations of PCR inhibitors as well as to slight variations in the final concentration of master mix and primer pair present in the amplification reaction that might be encountered due to pipetting error. The results of this validation study demonstrate that these systems may be used on multiple thermal cyclers and capillary electrophoresis platforms. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NCND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). C1 [McLaren, Robert S.; Bourdeau-Heller, Jeanne; Patel, Jaynish; Thompson, Jonelle M.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Pagram, Jenny; Loake, Thomas; Beesley, David] Key Forens Sci, Warrington WA3 6WU, Cheshire, England. [Pirttimaa, Markus] Natl Bur Invest, Forens Lab NBI, Vantaa 01301, Finland. [Hill, Carolyn R.; Duewer, David L.; Kline, Margaret C.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLaren, RS (reprint author), Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM bob.mclaren@promega.com FU Promega Corporation FX Principle funding for this work was provided by Promega Corporation. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 13 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.08.004 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AQ0AT UT WOS:000342444400037 PM 25178681 ER PT J AU Mulero, J Ballantyne, J Ballantyne, K Budowle, B Coble, M Gusmao, L Roewer, L Kayser, M AF Mulero, Julio Ballantyne, Jack Ballantyne, Kaye Budowle, Bruce Coble, Michael Gusmao, Leonor Roewer, Lutz Kayser, Manfred TI Nomenclature update and allele repeat structure for the markers DYS518 and DYS449 SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID Y-CHROMOSOME; STRS C1 [Mulero, Julio] Thermo Fisher Sci, Life Technol Brand, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Ballantyne, Jack] Univ Cent Florida, Natl Ctr Forens Serv, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ballantyne, Kaye] Victoria Police Forens Serv Dept, Off Chief Forens Scientist, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Budowle, Bruce] Univ North Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Appl Genet, Dept Med & Mol Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Budowle, Bruce] King Abdulaziz Univ, CEGMR, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Coble, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gusmao, Leonor] State Univ Rio de Janeiro UERJ, DNA Diagnost Lab LDD, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto IPATIMUP, Inst Pathol & Mol Immunol, Oporto, Portugal. [Roewer, Lutz] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Forens Genet, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Kayser, Manfred] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Mulero, J (reprint author), Thermo Fisher Sci, Life Technol Brand, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM julio.mulero@thermofisher.com RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013 OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 13 BP E3 EP E3 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.009 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AQ0AT UT WOS:000342444400002 PM 24854343 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Peng, JY Li, T Hendricks, E AF Peng, Melinda S. Peng, Jiayi Li, Tim Hendricks, Eric TI Effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization. Part I: Barotropic basic vortex SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vortex axisymmetrization; asymmetry; baroclinicity ID TROPICAL CYCLONE EVOLUTION; ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NUMERICAL-MODEL; SPIRAL BANDS; CYCLOGENESIS; ASYMMETRIES; HURRICANES; DEPENDENCE; BUDGETS AB The barotropic and baroclinic disturbances axisymmetrized by the barotropic basic vortex are examined in an idealized modeling framework consisting of two layers. Using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach, the radial propagation of a baroclinic disturbance is shown to be slower than a barotropic disturbance, resulting in a slower linear axisymmetrization for baroclinic disturbances. The slower-propagating baroclinic waves also cause more baroclinic asymmetric kinetic energy to be transferred directly to the barotropic symmetric vortex than from barotropic disturbances, resulting in a faster axisymmetrization process in the nonlinear baroclinic wave case than in the nonlinear barotropic wave case. C1 [Peng, Melinda S.; Hendricks, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Peng, Jiayi] NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Met, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peng, JY (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiayi.peng@noaa.gov FU ONR [PE 0602435N, N000140310739]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology FX This work was sponsored by ONR Grants PE 0602435N and N000140310739. The International Pacific Research Center is partially supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1266 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-3237-x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP2MW UT WOS:000341907500002 ER PT J AU Peng, JY Peng, MS Li, T Hendricks, E AF Peng, Jiayi Peng, Melinda S. Li, Tim Hendricks, Eric TI Effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization. Part II: Baroclinic basic vortex SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vortex axisymmetrization; asymmetry; baroclinicity ID TROPICAL CYCLONE EVOLUTION; ROSSBY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DOPPLER RADAR; MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; DEPENDENCE; NUMBER AB The effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization is examined within a two-layer dynamical model. Three basic state vortices are constructed with varying degrees of baroclinicity: (i) barotropic, (ii) weak baroclinic, and (iii) strong baroclinic. The linear and nonlinear evolution of wavenumber-2 baroclinic disturbances are examined in each of the three basic state vortices. The results show that the radial propagating speed of the vortex Rossby wave at the lower level is larger with the stronger baroclinicity, resulting in a faster linear axisymmetrization process in the stronger baroclinic vortex. It is found that the nonlinear axisymmetrization process takes the longest time in the strongest baroclinic vortex among the three different basic vortices due to the weaker kinetic energy transfer from asymmetric to symmetric circulations at the lower level. A major finding in this study is that the same initial asymmetric perturbation can have different effects on symmetric vortices depending on the initial vortex baroclinicity. In numerical weather prediction models, this implies that there exists a sensitivity of the subsequent structural and intensity change solely due to the specification of the initial vertical shear of the tropical cyclone vortex. C1 [Peng, Jiayi] NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.; Hendricks, Eric] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Met, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Peng, JY (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiayi.peng@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000140310739, PE 0602435N]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) FX This work was supported by ONR Grants N000140310739 and PE 0602435N. The International Pacific Research Center is partially sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/s00376-014-3238-9 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP2MW UT WOS:000341907500003 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE Zhang, HL Nanda, H AF Curtis, Joseph E. Zhang, Hailiang Nanda, Hirsh TI SLDMOL: A tool for the structural characterization of thermally disordered membrane proteins SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Neutron reflectivity; X-ray reflectivity; Membrane proteins; Disordered proteins; Computer modeling ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; REFLECTIVITY; MOLECULES; ANCHOR; NEF AB SLDMOL is a program for modeling the 1-D scattering length density (SLD) profile of proteins at the lipid membrane solution interface or adsorbed to other surfaces. The program reads experimental SLD data from neutron or X-ray reflectivity measurements and compares the results to a trajectory of protein structures, finding the conformation and orientation that best fits the experimental data. SLDMOL is a freely distributed open source program written in python that can be run independently using command lines or a GUI. SLDMOL has also been integrated into the larger SASSIE package extending molecular modeling capabilities. Sample environment conditions can be replicated including H2O/D2O solvent contrasts, specific amino acid deuteration and complex molecular assemblies. Ensembles of protein conformations can be generated independently (e.g. molecular dynamics simulations) or with SASSIE. For each individual structure a best-fit SLD profile is outputted along with a goodness of fit parameter, protein depth penetration and surface coverage. In addition to individual comparisons SLD profiles can be calculated over ensemble averages of protein structures. As a result, SLDMOL provides a detailed molecular interpretation of reflectivity data or conversely can be used to predict experimental outcomes for different protein conformation and specific deuteration schemes prior to measurements. Program summary Program title: SLDMOL Catalogue identifier: AETX_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AETX_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 330 2107 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 125 715 760 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: PC/Mac. Operating system: 32- and 64-bit Linux (Ubuntu 10.04, Centos 5.6) and Mac OS X (10.7-10.9). RAM: 1 GB Classification: 3. External routines: Python 2.6.5, numpy 1.4.0, scipy 0.8.0, Tcl 8.5, Tk 8.5, Mac installation requires Xcode 3 development tools. Subprograms used: Catld Title Reference AEKL_v1_0 SASSIE CPC 183(2012)382 Nature of problem: Reflectivity is a powerful technique to study the conformation of biological molecules at surface and interfaces. Open source software that facilitates computational modeling and interpretation of experimental results in terms of detailed molecular structure is currently lacking. Solution method: SLDMOL takes one or an ensemble of atomistic configurations of proteins and compares them to 1-D scattering length density (SLD) profiles determined from reflectivity experiments. Protein structures can be generated independently (e.g. molecular dynamics simulations) or through the SASSIE software package. SLDMOL performs an optimization to determine which structure best fits the SLD profile. Structures can also be averaged either directly or through a Monte-Carlo weighting algorithm. Finally SLDMOL allows the modeling of reflectivity experiments through the in silico selective deuteration of amino acids and the calculation of SLD profiles in a number of different aqueous solvent contrasts. Additional comments: 1111 Due to the large file size, SLDMOL is not delivered directly when download or Email is requested. Instead an html file giving details of how the program can be obtained is sent.!!!! Running time: Varies depending on application. Typically 10 min to 24 h depending on the number of structures to be evaluated. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Curtis, Joseph E.; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Nanda, H (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM hirsh.nanda@nist.gov FU NIH [R01-GM101647-02]; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; NSF [CHE-1265821] FX This work is supported by NIH R01-GM101647-02 to H.N. This work benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 185 IS 11 BP 3010 EP 3015 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2014.07.006 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AP7GD UT WOS:000342244900023 ER PT J AU Serke, D Hall, E Bognar, J Jordan, A Abdo, S Baker, K Seitel, T Nelson, M Ware, R McDonough, F Politovich, M AF Serke, David Hall, Emrys Bognar, John Jordan, Allen Abdo, Spencer Baker, Kirstin Seitel, Tom Nelson, Marta Ware, Randolph McDonough, Frank Politovich, Marcia TI Supercooled liquid water content profiling case studies with a new vibrating wire sonde compared to a ground-based microwave radiometer SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE In-flight icing; Supercooled liquid water; Aviation hazard; Radiosonde profile; Microwave radiometer ID CLOUD LIQUID; VAPOR; ACCURACY AB An improved version of the vibrating wire sensor, used to measure supercooled cloud liquid water content, was developed by Anasphere Inc. and tested during early 2012. The sensor works on the principle that supercooled liquid will freeze to the vibrating wire and reduce the frequency at a known rate proportional to the liquid water content as the sensor rises through the cloud attached to a weather balloon and radiosonde. The disposable Anasphere sensor interfaces with an InterMet Systems iMet radiosonde. This updated sensor reduces the weight of the instrument while updating the technology when compared to the preceding balloon-borne sensor that was developed in the 1980's by Hill and Woffinden. Balloon-borne test flights were performed from Boulder, Colorado during February and March of 2012. These flights provided comparisons to integrated liquid water and profiles of liquid water content derived from a collocated multichannel microwave radiometer, built and operated by Radiometrics Corporation. Inter-comparison data such as these are invaluable for calibration, verification and validation of remote-sensing instruments. The data gathered from this sensor are potentially important to detection of icing hazards to aircraft, validation of microphysical output from numerical models, and calibrating remote sensors measuring supercooled liquid water. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Serke, David; McDonough, Frank; Politovich, Marcia] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen; Ware, Randolph] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bognar, John; Abdo, Spencer; Baker, Kirstin; Seitel, Tom] Anasphere Inc, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Nelson, Marta; Ware, Randolph] Radiometrics Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ware, Randolph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Serke, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM serke@ucar.edu; emrys.hall@noaa.gov; jbognar@anasphere.com; allen.jordan@noaa.gov; sabdo@anasphere.com; kbaker@anasphere.com; tseitel@anasphere.com; marta.nelson@radiometrics.com; randolph.ware@gmail.com; frankmcdonough.wx@gmail.com; marcia@ucar.edu FU NASA Aviation Safety Program under the Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies (AEST) project; NASA SBIR Phase I [NNX11CD74P] FX This research is sponsored by the NASA Aviation Safety Program under the Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies (AEST) project. The sensor development was supported in part by NASA SBIR Phase I contract NNX11CD74P. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 149 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.05.026 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO6NF UT WOS:000341468100007 ER PT J AU Banuelos, JL Feng, G Fulvio, PF Li, S Rother, G Arend, N Faraone, A Dai, S Cummings, PT Wesolowski, DJ AF Banuelos, Jose Leobardo Feng, Guang Fulvio, Pasquale F. Li, Song Rother, Gernot Arend, Nikolas Faraone, Antonio Dai, Sheng Cummings, Peter T. Wesolowski, David J. TI The influence of a hierarchical porous carbon network on the coherent dynamics of a nanoconfined room temperature ionic liquid: A neutron spin echo and atomistic simulation investigation SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ALKYL CHAIN-LENGTH; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; NITROGEN ADSORPTION; MESOPOROUS CARBONS; DOUBLE-LAYER; IMIDAZOLIUM; HETEROGENEITY AB The molecular-scale dynamic properties of the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, or [C(4)mim(+)][Tf2N-], confined in hierarchical microporous-mesoporous carbon, were investigated using neutron spin echo (NSE) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both NSE and MD reveal pronounced slowing of the overall collective dynamics, including the presence of an immobilized fraction of RTIL at the pore wall, on the time scales of these approaches. A fraction of the dynamics, corresponding to RTIL inside 0.75 nm micropores located along the mesopore surfaces, are faster than those of RTIL in direct contact with the walls of 5.8 nm and 7.8 nm cylindrical mesopores. This behavior is ascribed to the near-surface confined-ion density fluctuations resulting from the ion-ion and ion-wall interactions between the micropores and mesopores as well as their confinement geometries. Strong micropore-RTIL interactions result in less-coordinated RTIL within the micropores than in the bulk fluid. Increasing temperature from 296 K to 353 K reduces the immobilized RTIL fraction and results in nearly an order of magnitude increase in the RTIL dynamics. The observed interfacial phenomena underscore the importance of tailoring the surface properties of porous carbons to achieve desirable electrolyte dynamic behavior, since this impacts the performance in applications such as electrical energy storage devices. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banuelos, Jose Leobardo; Fulvio, Pasquale F.; Rother, Gernot; Dai, Sheng; Wesolowski, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Feng, Guang; Li, Song; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Arend, Nikolas] Julich Ctr Neutron Sci JCNS, Outstn Spallat Neutron Source SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM banuelosjl@ornl.gov; gfeng@hust.edu.cn RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Feng, Guang/D-8989-2011; Banuelos, Jose/L-1561-2013 OI Feng, Guang/0000-0001-6659-9181; Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Banuelos, Jose/0000-0003-4644-526X FU Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SNS NSE portion and bulk liquid diffraction portion of this research conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The NIST NSE portion of this work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. G.F. thanks the Palmetto Cluster at Clemson University for providing computational resources. The authors thank the reviewers for their insightful comments that helped improve the clarity and strengthen certain points in this work. The authors would like to acknowledge M. Monkenbusch of the Julich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS for his helpful discussions during the SNS NSE experiment, review of the manuscript, and helpful comments. The authors acknowledge C. Liao, formerly of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for performing the anion exchange in the deuterated RTIL, as well as X. Wang, formerly of ORNL, for the synthesis of the 5.8 nm-confined RTIL compound. The authors also acknowledge T. Kozielewski and M. Ohl of JCNS Outstation at SNS for their assistance in setting up the NSE experiments on BL-15 at the SNS, as well as C. Do of ORNL for assistance during beam time on BL-6B at the SNS. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2014 VL 78 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.07.020 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AO6LP UT WOS:000341463900044 ER PT J AU Coates, JH Hovel, KA Butler, JL Bohonak, AJ AF Coates, Julia H. Hovel, Kevin A. Butler, John L. Bohonak, Andrew J. TI Recruitment and recovery of pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata) in a historically overexploited kelp forest: Are local populations self-sustaining? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Broadcast spawning; Effective population size; Parentage assignment; Relatedness; Sweepstakes reproductive success ID CORAL-REEF FISH; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENE FLOW; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE POPULATIONS; SEASCAPE GENETICS; WHITE ABALONE; RED ABALONE; CONNECTIVITY; RUFESCENS AB After experiencing a reduction in density, many populations of benthic, broadcast spawning marine invertebrates have struggled to recover or have collapsed. Genetic techniques may help to distinguish populations that are self-sustaining from those at risk of further decline, and demographic interdependence among subpopulations. We tested the use of genetic data for identifying stable and self-sustaining abalone populations, as well as the efficacy of a restoration technique for use in those populations that are not. We created an artificial aggregation of wild adult pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata) in the Point Loma kelp forest near San Diego, CA, USA. We genetically analyzed those individuals and additional adults and juveniles in the broader region. A self-sustained population should not be demographically reliant upon immigration. Temporal variability in relatedness among juvenile cohorts, and a lack of fine-scale spatial structure in adult and juvenile relatedness indicated complex recruitment dynamics and/or long distance larval delivery. We estimated a low effective population size (N-e = 188) and a very low ratio of effective population to census population size (N-e/N = 2.0 x 10(-3)). These data are consistent with sweepstakes reproductive success, and suggest that the population is at risk of genetic diversity decline. Parentage assignment revealed that none of the juveniles sampled one year after aggregating adults had parents from this aggregation. Collectively, our results suggest that restoration efforts will need to achieve a greater density (0.18 m(-2)) and/or number of individuals (46) to improve local recruitment. Our results also suggest that the Point Loma kelp forest population of pink abalone is of insufficient density for long-term viability, may be reliant upon immigration, and cannot be defined as an independent "local" population unit. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coates, Julia H.; Hovel, Kevin A.; Bohonak, Andrew J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Butler, John L.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Coates, JH (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM julia.coates@wildlife.ca.gov FU NOAA Species of Concern Program; Joint Doctoral Program in Ecology at San Diego State University; University of California Davis FX Many thanks to Joseph Ochaba for his assistance with laboratory work. Thanks also to Anna Mitelberg, Joelle Andrews, Tara Luckau, Dovi Kacev, and Justin Hoesterey for laboratory training and advice. Ashley Greenley shared pink ablone microsatellite markers and information on their performance. This study was funded by the NOAA Species of Concern Program and the Joint Doctoral Program in Ecology at San Diego State University and University of California Davis. This is contribution number 34 from the San Diego State University Coastal & Marine Institute and the Bodega Marine Laboratory. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 460 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.004 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6PG UT WOS:000341473400022 ER PT J AU Meyer, DL Posey, MH AF Meyer, David L. Posey, Martin H. TI Isolated salt marsh colonization by a resident species, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), and a transient species, pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colonization; Fundulus; Lagodon; Marsh; Mummichog; Pinfish ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; REED PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SEAGRASS BEDS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COMMON REED; NEKTON USE; NEW-JERSEY; MACROFAUNAL CRUSTACEANS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS AB The potential for species to populate habitat patches is directly influenced by dispersal and colonization abilities. To test the dispersal and colonization capabilities of a resident, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), and a transient, pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), marsh species, isolated-island marsh sites were used for removal and colonization assessments, while a nearby non-removal site was used to concurrently monitor temporal catch variability. F. heteroclitus and L rhomboides were removed from island marshes using baited minnow traps during mid-fall 2004 (after F. heteroclitus spring/summer spawn, and prior to L rhomboides winter recruitment), then monitored for colonization through the peak F. heteroclitus spawning season the following year (July 2005). Significant abundance reductions occurred for F. heteroditus and L rhomboides due to removal efforts, and for L rhomboides due to temperature-dependent offshore migration. F. heteroditus and L rhomboides were capable of seasonally colonizing marsh sites separated by >800 m of open water, which was twice the previously documented distance for F. heteroditus movement within marsh habitats. Results from size-class analysis indicated that F. heteroclitus populated sites via adult colonization from nearby marshes within weeks to months of removal. L. rhomboides site colonization occurred by young-of-year (YOY) recruitment and was documented within months of removal efforts, when YOY attained sufficient size for gear collection. Low population contribution by F. heteroclitus YOY to island compared to mainland type marsh indicated that island marshes were primarily sustained by immigrants, which colonized during late fall and winter, while YOY production sustained the population at the mainland marsh. Island marshes acted as sinks for estuarine F. heteroclitus populations. F. heteroclitus population characteristics were determined during: (1) the spring/summer spawn and recruitment, and (2) the late fall/winter dispersal-colonization by adult F. heteroclitus. Further, the F. heteroclitus dispersal-colonization phase maintains the species' large-scale (geographic) distribution, while the spawn-recruitment phase maintains the small-scale (local) populations. L rhomboides recruitment and dispersal-colonization occur simultaneously during late fall/winter when pulsed dispersal-colonization by recruits maintains geographic and local populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Meyer, David L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Posey, Martin H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Meyer, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Dave.Meyer@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center; NOAA Beaufort Laboratory FX This work was accomplished by the selfless dedication of many individuals. Thank you for advice and consultations to: C. Hackney, T. Lankford, L. Leonard, F. Scharf and G. Thayer. Thank you to the individuals who provided much appreciated help including: M. LaCroix, A. Powell, B. Teer and S. Viehman. Thank you to R. Munoz, J. M. Johnson, P. Marraro, G. T. Kellison, A. Hohn and two anonymous individuals for reviews that improved this manuscript. Thank you to the NOAA/NMFS Restoration Center (especially C. Doley, P. Gayaldo and R. Bellmer) and the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory for grant and project support. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Robert L. Meyer, who taught the senior author that perseverance and dedication to complete any job the best one can is the foundation for self-esteem and success. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 460 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.06.013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6PG UT WOS:000341473400024 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Bisi, MM de Koning, CA Farrugia, CJ Jackson, BV Jian, LK Lugaz, N Marubashi, K Mostl, C Romashets, EP Wood, BE Yu, HS AF Webb, D. F. Bisi, M. M. de Koning, C. A. Farrugia, C. J. Jackson, B. V. Jian, L. K. Lugaz, N. Marubashi, K. Moestl, C. Romashets, E. P. Wood, B. E. Yu, H. -S. TI An Ensemble Study of a January 2010 Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): Connecting a Non-obvious Solar Source with Its ICME/Magnetic Cloud SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; EMPIRICAL RECONSTRUCTION; STEREO MISSION; CONSTANT-ALPHA; SOHO MISSION; IMAGER SMEI; WIND; MODEL; EARTH; LASCO AB A distinct magnetic cloud (MC) was observed in-situ at the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)-B on 20 -aEuro parts per thousand 21 January 2010. About three days earlier, on 17 January, a bright flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) were clearly observed by STEREO-B, which suggests that this was the progenitor of the MC. However, the in-situ speed of the event, several earlier weaker events, heliospheric imaging, and a longitude mismatch with the STEREO-B spacecraft made this interpretation unlikely. We searched for other possible solar eruptions that could have caused the MC and found a faint filament eruption and the associated CME on 14 -aEuro parts per thousand 15 January as the likely solar source event. We were able to confirm this source by using coronal imaging from the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI)/EUVI and COR and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronograph (LASCO) telescopes and heliospheric imaging from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and the STEREO/Heliospheric Imager instruments. We use several empirical models to understand the three-dimensional geometry and propagation of the CME, analyze the in-situ characteristics of the associated ICME, and investigate the characteristics of the MC by comparing four independent flux-rope model fits with the launch observations and magnetic-field orientations. The geometry and orientations of the CME from the heliospheric-density reconstructions and the in-situ modeling are remarkably consistent. Lastly, this event demonstrates that a careful analysis of all aspects of the development and evolution of a CME is necessary to correctly identify the solar counterpart of an ICME/MC. C1 [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Bisi, M. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space Sci & Technol Facil Council, Oxford, England. [de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.; Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jackson, B. V.; Yu, H. -S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jian, L. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marubashi, K.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Moestl, C.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Moestl, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Romashets, E. P.] Lone Star Coll, Houston, TX USA. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM david.webb@bc.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010 OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527 FU Air Force at Boston College [AF19628-00-K-0073, FA8718-04-C-0006]; Navy contracts [N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001]; European Union [263252]; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme; UCSD NSF [AG-S-1053766, ATM-0925023]; NASA [NNX11AB50G, NNX13AP39G, NAS5-00132]; AFOSR [11NE043]; NSF [AG-S-1242798, AG-S-1140211]; NASA's Science Mission Directorate as part of the STEREO project; STFC; NASA TRT grant [NNX09AJ84G] FX We thank the Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Austria for hosting a workshop on this event in March 2011. We are grateful to the STEREO/SECCHI PI, Russell Howard, the STEREO/PLASTIC PI, Antoine Galvin, and the STEREO/IMPACT PI, Janet Luhmann, for the use of data and analyses from these instrument suites. We thank Gemma Attrill, John Clover, Timothy Howard, Nariaki Nitta, Dusan Odstrcil, S. James Tappin, and Marek Vandas for their analysis efforts on these events during the January 2010 period. The SMEI instrument is a collaborative project of the US Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Birmingham, UK, Boston College, and Boston University. The STEREO/SECCHI Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument was developed by a collaboration that included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the University of Birmingham, both in the United Kingdom, the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium, and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. The SECCHI project is an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of Birmingham, Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Centre Spatial de Liege, Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee, and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. We also benefitted from data from the SOHO mission, which is an international collaboration between and ESA and NASA, and also from the SOHO/LASCO CME catalog, generated and maintained by the Center for Solar Physics and Space Weather, The Catholic University of America in cooperation with NRL and NASA. The work of DFW was supported at Boston College by Air Force contracts AF19628-00-K-0073 and FA8718-04-C-0006 and Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. The work of CM was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 263252 (COMESEP), and by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme. BVJ and H-SY were supported by UCSD NSF grant and AG-S-1053766, NASA grant NNX11AB50G, and AFOSR grant 11NE043. LKJ was supported by NSF grant AG-S-1242798 and by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as part of the STEREO project, including the IMPACT and PLASTIC investigations. MMB acknowledges support on these analyses initially from UCSD NSF grant ATM-0925023, and also from STFC funding to RAL Space at The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. CJF was supported by NASA grant NNX13AP39G and NSF grant AG-S-1140211. Part of this work was supported by NASA (NAS5-00132) for STEREO/PLASTIC at UNH. CADK was supported by NASA TR&T grant NNX09AJ84G. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 289 IS 11 BP 4173 EP 4208 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0571-1 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO6YW UT WOS:000341499800010 ER PT J AU Jordan, SP AF Jordan, Stephen P. TI STRONG EQUIVALENCE OF REVERSIBLE CIRCUITS IS coNP-COMPLETE SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Reversible circuits; Complexity ID QUANTUM CIRCUITS; CHECKING AB It is well-known that deciding equivalence of logic circuits is a coNP-complete problem. As a corollary, the problem of deciding weak equivalence of reversible circuits, i. e. allowing initialized ancilla bits in the input and ignoring "garbage" ancilla bits in the output, is also coNP-complete. The complexity of deciding strong equivalence, including the ancilla bits, is less obvious and may depend on gate set. Here we use Barrington's theorem to show that deciding strong equivalence of reversible circuits built from the Fredkin gate is coNP-complete. This implies coNP-completeness of deciding strong equivalence for other commonly used universal reversible gate sets, including any gate set that includes the Toffoli or Fredkin gate. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.jordan@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 14 IS 15-16 BP 1302 EP 1307 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AN4SY UT WOS:000340580000003 ER PT J AU Head, MA Keller, AA Bradburn, M AF Head, Melissa A. Keller, Aimee A. Bradburn, Mark TI Maturity and growth of sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, along the US West Coast SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria); Length/age at maturity; Fishery management; Life history; West Coast groundfish ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; SEXUAL-MATURITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; GADUS-MORHUA; OREGON COAST; AGE; WATERS; SIZE; WASHINGTON AB Life history parameters such as growth and reproductive processes are dynamic, and shift with environmental and anthropogenic influences. Providing up-to-date life history information is critical for population dynamic models that are used to manage fisheries. Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, are a valuable groundfish species that support commercial fishing throughout the North Pacific Ocean, including off the U.S. West Coast. Ovaries were histologically assessed for maturity status, intensity of atresia, and the presence of post-ovulatory follicles. We evaluated coast-wide length and age at maturity for 477 female sablefish by fitting a logistic regression model to the proportion mature. We also examined length-at-age data for 525 female sablefish based on the von Bertalanffy growth model. Since maturity and growth are important components of models used to assess the status of sablefish, we explored variation in these life history parameters among three regions along the West Coast separated by major biogeographic features at Cape Mendocino, CA (40 degrees 26'N) and Pt. Conception, CA (34 degrees 27' N). Coast-wide estimates of length (L-50) and age (A(50)) at 50% maturity were 54.64 cm and 6.86 years, respectively. Differences in L-50 were found north and south of Cape Mendocino, CA, and by depth (range 55-1280 m). Length at 50% maturity decreased from north to south and with increasing depth within each region. Age at 50% maturity also differed north and south of Cape Mendocino, CA, with female sablefish maturing at a younger age further north. Growth of female sablefish demonstrated similar differences among geographic areas and by depth. Asymptotic size (L-infinity, cm) tended to increase at higher latitude and decrease with depth, while growth rates (k, year(-1)) were elevated north of Point Conception, CA, and generally at depths <= 550 m. For female sablefish, the larger size and younger age at 50% maturity, as well as larger asymptotic sizes and somewhat elevated growth rates, were associated with regions within the California Current Ecosystem characterized by elevated productivity and cooler water temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Head, Melissa A.; Keller, Aimee A.; Bradburn, Mark] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Head, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Melissa.Head@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 159 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.05.007 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM9SH UT WOS:000340220800006 ER PT J AU Erisman, BE Apel, AM MacCall, AD Romon, MJ Fujita, R AF Erisman, Brad E. Apel, Ashley M. MacCall, Alec D. Roman, Martha J. Fujita, Rod TI The influence of gear selectivity and spawning behavior on a data-poor assessment of a spawning aggregation fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish spawning aggregations; Data-poor fisheries; Spawning behavior; Stock assessment; Cynoscion othonopterus; Spawning potential ratio ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BASS ATRACTOSCION-NOBILIS; LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; REFERENCE POINTS; MARINE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH; LENGTH; MEXICO AB We applied several data-poor techniques to perform an assessment of the Gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus) fishery in the Gulf of California from 1997 to 2012 and to investigate the effects of gear selectivity and age-dependent variation in spawning frequency on estimates of sustainability in spawning aggregation fisheries. The length composition of the catch varied significantly among years but showed no clear directional pattern. However, the average length was above the long term average after the implementation of a regulation that standardized mesh size of nets, and the average length of fish captured after the implementation was significantly higher than during previous periods. Results using three simple metrics based on catch length compositions indicated that fishing activities were sustainable due to the exclusion of juveniles from the fishery and the targeted harvest of adults at the optimal length. However, the low proportion of older, fecund fish in the fishery is a serious cause for concern. Modeled estimates of spawning potential ratios (SPR) were consistently higher when spawning frequency was assumed to be age invariant and were significantly higher after the implementation of gear regulations. However, SPR values only reached levels above 35%, a common reference point for sciaenid fishes, during the current fishing period (2010-2012) under conditions of age invariant spawning frequency. Results of this study support previous claims that suggest estimates of reproductive potential are highly sensitive to age-dependent variation in spawning frequency and imply that such details related to spawning behavior require more attention, particularly for fisheries that target spawning aggregations. Our results also suggest that spawning aggregations can be harvested sustainably through conventional regulations ifjuveniles are excluded, fish are harvested at optimal length, and older, fecund individuals are protected from harvest. Given the uncertainty of the status of the corvina fishery based on the discordant results of this study and the inherent vulnerability of the species to overfishing, We recommend the precautionary approach be applied to management decisions until more robust information is acquired on stock abundance, the relationship between spawning frequency and age or length, and reproductive output. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erisman, Brad E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Apel, Ashley M.; Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, Oceans Program, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Roman, Martha J.] Comis Ecol & Desarrollo Sustentable Estado Sonora, San Luis Colorado 83440, Sonora Cp, Mexico. RP Erisman, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM berisman@ucsd.edu; ashleymapel@gmail.com; maccalidatapoor@gmail.com; romanmaju@gmail.com; rfujita@edf.org FU Walton Family Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Environmental Defense Fund FX Financial support for this study was provided by the Walton Family Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Environmental Defense Fund. Several participating organizations of the Grupo Tecnico Corvina provided additional support and information: El Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservacion (CBMC), the National Fisheries Institute of Mexico (INAPESCA), and Comision de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable del Estado de Sonora (CEDES). We also thank fishers from El Golfo de Santa Clara, San Felipe, El Indiviso, and the other coastal communities in the Colorado River Delta for their collaboration and participation in efforts to create a sustainably, co-managed fishery for the Gulf corvina. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 159 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.05.013 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM9SH UT WOS:000340220800008 ER PT J AU Stiles, BW Danielson, RE Poulsen, WL Brennan, MJ Hristova-Veleva, S Shen, TP Fore, AG AF Stiles, Bryan W. Danielson, Richard E. Poulsen, W. Lee Brennan, Michael J. Hristova-Veleva, Svetla Shen, Tsae-Pyng Fore, Alexander G. TI Optimized Tropical Cyclone Winds From QuikSCAT: A Neural Network Approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Radar remote sensing; spaceborne radar; tropical cyclones ID NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER; VECTOR RETRIEVAL; RAIN RETRIEVAL; SURFACE WINDS; SCATTEROMETER; IMPACT; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; CHALLENGES; PREDICTION AB We have developed a neural network technique for retrieving accurate 12.5-km resolution wind speeds from Ku-band scatterometer measurements in tropical cyclone conditions including typical rain events in such storms. The method was shown to retrieve accurate wind speeds up to 40 m/s when compared with aircraft reconnaissance data, including GPS dropwindsondes and Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer surface wind speed measurements, and when compared to global best track maximum wind speeds. Wind directions were unchanged from the current (version 3) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) global wind vector product. The technique removes positive biases with respect to best track winds in the developing phase of tropical cyclones that occurred in the nominal (version 2) JPL QuikSCAT product. The new technique also reduces negative biases with respect to best track wind speeds that occurred in the nominal product (both versions 2 and 3) during the most extreme period of the lifetime of intense storms. The wind regime with the most notable improvement is 20-40 m/s (40-80 kn), with more modest improvement for higher winds and the improvement at lower winds comparable to that achieved previously by the version 3 JPL global rain-corrected product. The net effect of all the wind speed improvements is a much better measurement of storm intensity over time in the new product than what has been previously available. When compared with speed data from aircraft flights in Atlantic hurricanes, the new product exhibited a 1-2-m/s positive overall bias and a 3-m/s mean absolute error. The random error and systematic positive bias in the new scatterometer wind product is similar to that of the Hurricane Research Division H*WIND analyses when aircraft data are available for assimilation. This similarity may be explained by the fact that H*WIND data are used as ground truth to fit the coefficients used by the new technique to map radar measurements to wind speed. The fact that H*WIND was designed to match maximum winds while preserving radial symmetry may explain the overall positive biases that we observe in both H*WIND and the new scatterometer wind product which compared to aircraft reconnaissance data. The new scatterometer product could also be inheriting systematic biases in the presence of rain from H*WIND. Under the most extreme rain conditions, the radar signal from the surface can be lost. In such cases, the technique makes use of measurements in the 87.5-km region comprising the 7 x 7 neighboring cells around the target 12.5-km wind vector cell. In so doing, we sacrifice resolution in cases where the highest resolution region has no useful measurements. Even so, the most extreme rain conditions can result in reduced accuracy. The new technique has been used to retrieve wind fields for every tropical cyclone of tropical storm force or above that has been observed by QuikSCAT during the period of time from October 1999 to November 2009. The resulting data set has been made available online for use by the tropical cyclone research community. C1 [Stiles, Bryan W.; Poulsen, W. Lee; Hristova-Veleva, Svetla; Shen, Tsae-Pyng; Fore, Alexander G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Danielson, Richard E.; Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Stiles, BW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2014 VL 52 IS 11 BP 7418 EP 7434 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2312333 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AN0MN UT WOS:000340278800052 ER PT J AU Hvizdos, P Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R Quinn, GD AF Hvizdos, Pavol Dusza, Jan Danzer, Robert Morrell, Roger Quinn, George D. TI Fractography of advanced ceramics IV, September 29-October 2, 2013 Smolenice Castle Congress Center, Smolenice, Slovakia SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hvizdos, Pavol; Dusza, Jan] IMR SAS, Struct Ceram Dept, Kosice, Slovakia. [Danzer, Robert] Univ Leoben, Inst Struct & Funct Ceram, Leoben, Austria. [Quinn, George D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hvizdos, P (reprint author), IMR SAS, Struct Ceram Dept, Kosice, Slovakia. EM phvizdos@imr.saske.sk OI Hvizdos, Pavol/0000-0002-9536-4514 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 34 IS 14 SI SI BP 3245 EP 3246 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.027 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AM9TB UT WOS:000340222800001 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Zilcha, O Rowe, JM Pierce, DJ AF Quinn, George D. Zilcha, Oded Rowe, J. Michael Pierce, Donald J. TI Failure analysis of a 41-m long neutron beam line guide SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fractography of advanced ceramics IV CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2013 CL Smolenice, SLOVAKIA DE Failure analysis; Fractography; Borosilicate glass; Earthquake; Neutron beam line ID WINDOWS; NIST AB A 41-m long glass tube structure, used to guide low energy neutrons to a backscattering spectrometer, fractured in five places in mid-September 2011. The structure was made of hundreds of 1.5 cm or 2.5 cm thick bonded borosilicate glass plates. Fractographic examination identified the fracture origins and the stress states when fracture occurred. The cause of fracture was traced to damage introduced during the magnitude 5.8 earthquake that occurred 150 km away in Virginia on August 23, 2011. Lateral displacements of the earth created bending and torsional displacements in the beam line of as much as 2 mm caused cracks to form in the glass plates. Finite element modeling verified the displacements and stresses that caused damage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, George D.; Zilcha, Oded; Rowe, J. Michael; Pierce, Donald J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 34 IS 14 SI SI BP 3263 EP 3270 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.037 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AM9TB UT WOS:000340222800004 ER PT J AU Salem, JA Quinn, GD AF Salem, Jonathan A. Quinn, George D. TI Fractographic analysis of large single crystal sapphire refractive secondary concentrators SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fractography of advanced ceramics IV CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2013 CL Smolenice, SLOVAKIA DE Failure analysis; Fractography; Sapphire; Solar concentrator; Twins; Polishing flaws; Finite element analysis; Thermal stresses; Solar energy; Space exploration; Strength ID STRENGTH AB A fractographic analysis was performed on two large (9.5 cm diameter x 28 cm long) sapphire single crystal refractive concentrators that broke during elevated temperature testing in a space simulation chamber. Both concentrators failed from machining/handling damage on the lens face. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Salem, Jonathan A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Quinn, George D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 34 IS 14 SI SI BP 3271 EP 3281 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.01.029 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA AM9TB UT WOS:000340222800005 ER PT J AU Ardron, JA Clark, MR Penney, AJ Hourigan, TF Rowden, AA Dunstan, PK Watling, L Shank, TM Tracey, DM Dunn, MR Parker, SJ AF Ardron, Jeff A. Clark, Malcolm R. Penney, Andrew J. Hourigan, Thomas F. Rowden, Ashley A. Dunstan, Piers K. Watling, Les Shank, Timothy M. Tracey, Di M. Dunn, Mathew R. Parker, Steven J. TI A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE High seas; Vulnerable marine ecosystems; Systematic conservation planning; ABNJ; VME; RFMO ID GLOBAL HABITAT SUITABILITY; STONY CORALS; SEA; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SEAMOUNTS; FISHERIES; NETWORKS; IMPACTS; COD AB The United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and 2009 adopted resolutions that call for the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) from significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing. While general criteria have been produced, there are no guidelines or protocols that elaborate on the process from initial identification through to the protection of VMEs. Here, based upon an expert review of existing practices, a 10-step framework is proposed: (1) Comparatively assess potential VME indicator taxa and habitats in a region; (2) determine VME thresholds; (3) consider areas already known for their ecological importance; (4) compile information on the distributions of likely VME taxa and habitats, as well as related environmental data; (5) develop predictive distribution models for VME indicator taxa and habitats; (6) compile known or likely fishing impacts; (7) produce a predicted VME naturalness distribution (areas of low cumulative impacts); (8) identify areas of higher value to user groups; (9) conduct management strategy evaluations to produce trade-off scenarios; (10) review and reiterate, until spatial management scenarios are developed that fulfil international obligations and regional conservation and management objectives. To date, regional progress has been piecemeal and incremental. The proposed 10-step framework combines these various experiences into a systematic approach. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ardron, Jeff A.] Inst Adv Studies Sustainabil, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany. [Clark, Malcolm R.; Rowden, Ashley A.; Tracey, Di M.; Parker, Steven J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Penney, Andrew J.] Australian Bur Agr & Resource Econ & Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hourigan, Thomas F.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dunstan, Piers K.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Watling, Les] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Dunn, Mathew R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Ardron, JA (reprint author), Inst Adv Studies Sustainabil, Berliner Str 130, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany. EM jeff.ardron@iass-potsdam.de; Malcolm.Clark@niwa.co.nz; Andrew.Penney@daff.gov.au; Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov; Ashley.Rowden@niwa.co.nz; piers.dunstan@csiro.au; watling@hawaii.edu; tshank@whoi.edu; Di.Tracey@niwa.co.nz; Matthew.Dunn@vuw.ac.nz; Steve.Parker@niwa.co.nz RI Dunstan, Piers/B-7309-2016 OI Dunstan, Piers/0000-0002-2568-5945 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2014 VL 49 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.017 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA AK7KS UT WOS:000338607800019 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV Safronova, UI Porsev, SG Kozlov, MG AF Safronova, M. S. Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. Safronova, U. I. Porsev, S. G. Kozlov, M. G. TI Highly charged Ag-like and In-like ions for the development of atomic clocks and the search for alpha variation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We carried out a detailed high-precision study of Ag-like Nd13+ and Sm15+ and In-like Ce9+, Pr10+, Nd11+, Sm13+, and Eu14+ highly charged ions. These ions were identified to be of particular interest for the development of ultra-accurate atomic clocks, the search for variation of the fine-structure constant alpha, and quantum information [Safronova et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 030801 (2014)]. The relativistic linearized coupled-cluster method was used for Ag-like ion calculations, and a hybrid approach that combines configuration interaction and a variant of the coupled-cluster method was used for the In-like ion calculations. Breit and QED corrections were included. Energies, transition wavelengths, electric-dipole, electric-quadrupole, electric-octupole, magnetic-dipole, magnetic-quadrupole, and magnetic-octupole reduced matrix elements, lifetimes, and sensitivity coefficients to alpha variation were calculated. A detailed study of various contributions was carried out to evaluate uncertainties of the final results. Energies for several similar "reference" ions where the experimental values are available were calculated and compared with experiment for further tests of the accuracy. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship; UNSW; USNSF [PHY-1212442]; RFBR [14-02-00241]; Australian Research Council FX We thank C. W. Clark, C. Monroe, J. Tan, Yu. Ralchenko, and P. Beiersdorfer for useful discussions. M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from a Gordon Godfrey Fellowship, UNSW. This work was supported in part by USNSF Grant No. PHY-1212442. M.G.K. acknowledges support from RFBR Grant No. 14-02-00241. The work was partly supported by the Australian Research Council. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 31 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR UNSP 042513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.042513 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS1GP UT WOS:000344028800006 ER PT J AU Erickson, RP Vissers, MR Sandberg, M Jefferts, SR Pappas, DP AF Erickson, R. P. Vissers, M. R. Sandberg, M. Jefferts, S. R. Pappas, D. P. TI Frequency Comb Generation in Superconducting Resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND AB We have generated frequency combs spanning 0.5 to 20 GHz in superconducting lambda/2 resonators at T = 3 K. Thin films of niobium-titanium nitride enabled this development due to their low loss, high nonlinearity, low frequency dispersion, and high critical temperature. The combs nucleate as sidebands around multiples of the pump frequency. Selection rules for the allowed frequency emission are calculated using perturbation theory, and the measured spectrum is shown to agree with the theory. Sideband spacing is measured to be accurate to 1 part in 10(8). The sidebands coalesce into a continuous comb structure observed to cover at least several frequency octaves. C1 [Erickson, R. P.; Vissers, M. R.; Sandberg, M.; Jefferts, S. R.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Erickson, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.Pappas@NIST.gov FU DARPA; NIST Quantum Information initiative; U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST [60NANB14D024] FX For important insights, the authors are grateful for helpful discussions with Jiansong Gao, Pascal Del'Haye, Scott Diddams, Dave Howe, Dylan Williams, and Dan Slichter. We also acknowledge Aric Sanders and the Precision Imaging facility at NIST. This work was supported by DARPA and the NIST Quantum Information initiative. R. P. E. acknowledges Grant No. 60NANB14D024 from the U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST. This work is property of the US Government and not subject to copyright. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 18 AR 187002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.187002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AY6RR UT WOS:000347693800012 PM 25396390 ER PT J AU Luan, XS Huang, YJ Li, Y McMillan, JF Zheng, JJ Huang, SW Hsieh, PC Gu, TY Wang, D Hati, A Howe, DA Wen, GJ Yu, MB Lo, GQ Kwong, DL Wong, CW AF Luan, Xingsheng Huang, Yongjun Li, Ying McMillan, James F. Zheng, Jiangjun Huang, Shu-Wei Hsieh, Pin-Chun Gu, Tingyi Wang, Di Hati, Archita Howe, David A. Wen, Guangjun Yu, Mingbin Lo, Guoqiang Kwong, Dim-Lee Wong, Chee Wei TI An integrated low phase noise radiation-pressure-driven optomechanical oscillator chipset SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; CAVITY; STABILIZATION; DESIGN AB High-quality frequency references are the cornerstones in position, navigation and timing applications of both scientific and commercial domains. Optomechanical oscillators, with direct coupling to continuous-wave light and non-material-limited f x Q product, are long regarded as a potential platform for frequency reference in radio-frequency-photonic architectures. However, one major challenge is the compatibility with standard CMOS fabrication processes while maintaining optomechanical high quality performance. Here we demonstrate the monolithic integration of photonic crystal optomechanical oscillators and on-chip high speed Ge detectors based on the silicon CMOS platform. With the generation of both high harmonics (up to 59th order) and subharmonics (down to 1/4), our chipset provides multiple frequency tones for applications in both frequency multipliers and dividers. The phase noise is measured down to - 2125 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset at similar to 400 mu W dropped-in powers, one of the lowest noise optomechanical oscillators to date and in room-temperature and atmospheric non-vacuum operating conditions. These characteristics enable optomechanical oscillators as a frequency reference platform for radio-frequency-photonic information processing. C1 [Luan, Xingsheng; Huang, Yongjun; Li, Ying; McMillan, James F.; Zheng, Jiangjun; Huang, Shu-Wei; Hsieh, Pin-Chun; Gu, Tingyi; Wang, Di; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Huang, Yongjun; Wen, Guangjun] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Commun & Informat Engn, Key Lab Broadband Opt Fiber Transmiss & Commun Ne, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. [Hati, Archita; Howe, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Yu, Mingbin; Lo, Guoqiang; Kwong, Dim-Lee] Inst Microelect, Singapore 117685, Singapore. RP Luan, XS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM xl2354@columbia.edu; yh2663@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu RI Wen, Guangjun/G-7714-2012; Huang, Yongjun/D-6724-2012; Wang, Di/S-2463-2016; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 OI Huang, Yongjun/0000-0002-5069-6451; Wang, Di/0000-0002-3536-7027; FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) DSO optomechanics program [FA9550-10-1-0297 \ C11L10831] FX The authors acknowledge discussions with Jia Gui Wu, and the lightwave component analyzer loan from Keren Bergman. This work is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) DSO optomechanics program with program managers Drs. R. Lutwak and J. R. Abo-Shaeer under contract FA9550-10-1-0297 vertical bar C11L10831. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 30 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6842 DI 10.1038/srep06842 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0RW UT WOS:000343986400013 PM 25354711 ER PT J AU De Vleeschouwer, F Vanneste, H Mauquoy, D Piotrowska, N Torrejon, F Roland, T Stein, A Le Roux, G AF De Vleeschouwer, Francois Vanneste, Heleen Mauquoy, Dmitri Piotrowska, Natalia Torrejon, Fernando Roland, Thomas Stein, Ariel Le Roux, Gael TI Emissions from Pre-Hispanic Metallurgy in the South American Atmosphere SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SEDIMENTS; PEAT CORES; LEAD; HOLOCENE; DEPOSITION; COPPER; ANDES; RECONSTRUCTION; PALEOCLIMATE; PATAGONIA AB Metallurgical activities have been undertaken in northern South America (NSA) for millennia. However, it is still unknown how far atmospheric emissions from these activities have been transported. Since the timing of metallurgical activities is currently estimated from scarce archaeological discoveries, the availability of reliable and continuous records to refine the timing of past metal deposition in South America is essential, as it provides an alternative to discontinuous archives, as well as evidence for global trace metal transport. We show in a peat record from Tierra del Fuego that anthropogenic metals likely have been emitted into the atmosphere and transported from NSA to southern South America (SSA) over the last 4200 yrs. These findings are supported by modern time back-trajectories from NSA to SSA. We further show that apparent anthropogenic Cu and Sb emissions predate any archaeological evidence for metallurgical activities. Lead and Sn were also emitted into the atmosphere as by-products of Inca and Spanish metallurgy, whereas local coal-gold rushes and the industrial revolution contributed to local contamination. We suggest that the onset of pre-Hispanic metallurgical activities is earlier than previously reported from archaeological records and that atmospheric emissions of metals were transported from NSA to SSA. C1 [De Vleeschouwer, Francois; Vanneste, Heleen; Le Roux, Gael] Univ Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab,Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm,ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France. [De Vleeschouwer, Francois; Vanneste, Heleen; Le Roux, Gael] CNRS, EcoLab, Castanet Tolosan, France. [Mauquoy, Dmitri] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Piotrowska, Natalia] Silesian Tech Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Radioisotopes, Gliwice, Poland. [Torrejon, Fernando] Univ Concepcion, Environm Sci Ctr EULA Chile, Concepcion, Chile. [Roland, Thomas] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Roland, Thomas] Univ Southampton, Palaeoenvironm Lab PLUS, Southampton, Hants, England. [Stein, Ariel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL NCWCP, College Pk, MD USA. RP De Vleeschouwer, F (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab,Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm,ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France. EM francois.devleeschouwer@ensat.fr RI Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Roland, Thomas/B-4703-2013; Le Roux, Gael/K-1154-2012; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Roland, Thomas/0000-0002-9237-1364; Le Roux, Gael/0000-0002-1579-0178; De Vleeschouwer, Francois/0000-0002-0979-6397 FU Young Researcher Grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2011-JS56-006-01] FX This research is supported by a Young Researcher Grant of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to F. De Vleeschouwer (Project ANR-2011-JS56-006-01 "PARAD"). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 AR e111315 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0111315 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AT8TG UT WOS:000345204200071 PM 25353346 ER PT J AU Fei, ZP Pattanasattayavong, P Han, Y Schroeder, BC Yan, F Kline, RJ Anthopoulos, TD Heeney, M AF Fei, Zhuping Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya Han, Yang Schroeder, Bob C. Yan, Feng Kline, R. Joseph Anthopoulos, Thomas D. Heeney, Martin TI Influence of Side-Chain Regiochemistry on the Transistor Performance of High-Mobility, All-Donor Polymers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB Three novel polythiophene isomers are reported whereby the only difference in structure relates to the regiochemistry of the solubilizing side chains on the backbone. This is demonstrated to have a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the polymers and their propensity to aggregate in solution. These differences are rationalized on the basis of differences in backbone torsion. The polymer with the largest effective conjugation length is demonstrated to exhibit the highest field-effect mobility, with peak values up to 4.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). C1 [Fei, Zhuping; Han, Yang; Schroeder, Bob C.; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Fei, Zhuping; Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya; Han, Yang; Schroeder, Bob C.; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Heeney, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Yan, Feng] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yan, Feng] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heeney, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM m.heeney@imperial.ac.uk RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Yan, Feng/E-8681-2012; Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya/L-7664-2015; OI Pattanasattayavong, Pichaya/0000-0001-6374-1840; Fei, Zhuping/0000-0002-2160-9136; Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020 FU EPSRC [EP/G060738/1]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University FX This work was support by EPSRC (EP/G060738/1). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 10 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 43 BP 15154 EP 15157 DI 10.1021/ja508798s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AS1LP UT WOS:000344042900012 PM 25302474 ER PT J AU Anderson, DA Schwarzkopf, A Miller, SA Thaicharoen, N Raithel, G Gordon, JA Holloway, CL AF Anderson, D. A. Schwarzkopf, A. Miller, S. A. Thaicharoen, N. Raithel, G. Gordon, J. A. Holloway, C. L. TI Two-photon microwave transitions and strong-field effects in a room-temperature Rydberg-atom gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; OPTICS; STATES AB We investigate two-photon Autler-Townes splitting and strong-field effects of Rb-85 Rydberg atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell. To observe the level structure we employ electromagnetically induced transparency. We first study the two-photon 62S(1/2)-63S(1/2) microwave transition using an electric-field reference measurement obtained with the one-photon 62S(1/2)-62P(3/2) transition. We then study the 61D(5/2)-62D(5/2) transition where the microwave electric-field range is extended up to similar to 40 V/m. A Floquet analysis is used to model field-induced level shifts and state-mixing effects present in the strongly driven quantum systems under consideration. Calculations are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. C1 [Anderson, D. A.; Schwarzkopf, A.; Miller, S. A.; Thaicharoen, N.; Raithel, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, J. A.; Holloway, C. L.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anderson, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM anderda@umich.edu OI Raithel, Georg/0000-0002-2005-8440 FU AFOSR; DARPA's QuASAR program FX We thank P. R. Berman for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the AFOSR and by DARPA's QuASAR program. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 043419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043419 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0AX UT WOS:000343942000004 ER PT J AU Chen, X Rabinovic, M Anderson, BM Santos, L AF Chen, Xing Rabinovic, Michael Anderson, Brandon M. Santos, Luis TI Ring model for trapped condensates with synthetic spin-orbit coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; GASES AB We derive an effective ring model in momentum space for trapped bosons with synthetic spin-orbit coupling. This effective model is characterized by a peculiar form of the interparticle interactions, which is crucially modified by the external confinement. The ring model allows for an intuitive understanding of the phase diagram of trapped condensates with isotropic spin-orbit coupling and, in particular, for the existence of skyrmion lattice phases. The model, which may be generally applied for spinor condensates of arbitrary spin and spin-dependent interactions, is illustrated for the particular cases of spin-1/2 and spin-1 condensates. C1 [Chen, Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Rabinovic, Michael] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Anderson, Brandon M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Brandon M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Santos, Luis] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Theoret Phys, DE-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU Cluster of Excellence QUEST; CAS-DAAD scholarship; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; DARPA's OLE Program; Atomtronics MURI FX We thank G. Juzeliunas, P. Ohberg, and M. Valiente for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence QUEST and the CAS-DAAD scholarship. B.M.A. acknowledges the financial support by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 043632 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043632 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0AX UT WOS:000343942000005 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Huang, BH Zhang, RH Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Balmaseda, MA Marx, L Kinter, JL AF Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Zhang, Rong-Hua Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Marx, Lawrence Kinter, James L., III TI Salinity anomaly as a trigger for ENSO events SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; EL-NINO; COUPLED MODEL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BARRIER LAYER; WARM POOL; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION AB According to the classical theories of ENSO, subsurface anomalies in ocean thermal structure are precursors for ENSO events and their initial specification is essential for skillful ENSO forecast. Although ocean salinity in the tropical Pacific (particularly in the western Pacific warm pool) can vary in response to El Nino events, its effect on ENSO evolution and forecasts of ENSO has been less explored. Here we present evidence that, in addition to the passive response, salinity variability may also play an active role in ENSO evolution, and thus important in forecasting El Nino events. By comparing two forecast experiments in which the interannually variability of salinity in the ocean initial states is either included or excluded, the salinity variability is shown to be essential to correctly forecast the 2007/08 La Nina starting from April 2007. With realistic salinity initial states, the tendency to decay of the subsurface cold condition during the spring and early summer 2007 was interrupted by positive salinity anomalies in the upper central Pacific, which working together with the Bjerknes positive feedback, contributed to the development of the La Nina event. Our study suggests that ENSO forecasts will benefit from more accurate salinity observations with large-scale spatial coverage. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Marx, Lawrence; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhang, Rong-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jieshun@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB956000]; CAS Strategic Priority Project (Western Pacific Ocean System, WPOS); Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) FX We would like to thank Profs. J. M. Wallace and J. Shukla for their constructive comments and insightful suggestions. Funding for this study is provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). R.Z. is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Project 2012CB956000), the CAS Strategic Priority Project (the Western Pacific Ocean System, WPOS), and by the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS). Computing resources provided by NAS are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6821 DI 10.1038/srep06821 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0QW UT WOS:000343983600012 PM 25352285 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI Influence of glycosidic linkage on the solution conformational entropy of gluco- and mannobioses SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solution conformational entropy; Size-exclusion chromatography; Glucobioses; Mannobioses; Glycosidic linkage; Anomeric configuration ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ANOMERIC CONFIGURATION; ALPHA-MALTOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DISACCHARIDES; SIMULATIONS; ISOMALTOSE; SYSTEMS; MANNAN AB Employing size-exclusion chromatography, an entropically-controlled separation technique, we have determined the solution conformational entropy (-Delta S) of (1 -> 2)-, (1 -> 3)-, (1 -> 4)-, and (1 -> 6)-linked gluco- and mannobioses with an alpha anomeric configuration, at quasi-physiological conditions of solvent, temperature, and pH. The experiments allowed for comparison both among and between each series of disaccharides. Results included quantitative information on how the additional degrees of freedom of the (1 -> 6) linkage influence -Delta S, as well as on the influence on solution conformational entropy of a single axial hydroxyl (OH) group and of the relative positioning of the glycosidic linkage and the anomeric hydroxyl group. We also contrasted the (1 -> 4)-alpha-D-linked gluco-and mannobioses to their counterparts with a beta anomeric configuration. Comparison between (1 -> 4)-beta-D-linked glucobiose (cellobiose) and (1 -> 4)-beta-D-linked mannobiose showed that the restrictive effect on solution flexibility of the axial OH in the latter disaccharide is offset by the combined effect of hydroxyl group orientation and anomeric configuration on intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 398 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.022 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AR8FZ UT WOS:000343812400006 PM 25240178 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Haas, O Muhammad, S Kim, H Lee, W Kim, D Fischer, DA Jaye, C Yang, XQ Balasubramanian, M Nam, KW AF Yoon, Won-Sub Haas, Otto Muhammad, Shoaib Kim, Hyunchul Lee, Wontae Kim, Donghwi Fischer, Daniel A. Jaye, Cherno Yang, Xiao-Qing Balasubramanian, Mahalingam Nam, Kyung-Wan TI In situ soft XAS study on nickel-based layered cathode material at elevated temperatures: A novel approach to study thermal stability SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TIME-RESOLVED XRD; LI-ION BATTERIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; DECOMPOSITION; EDGE; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB Tracking thermally induced reactions has always been challenging for electrode materials of electrochemical battery systems. Traditionally, a variety of calorimetric techniques and in situ XRD at elevated temperatures has been used to evaluate the thermal stability of electrode materials. These techniques are capable of providing variations in heat capacity, mass and average bulk composition of materials only. Herein, we report investigation of thermal characteristics of Li0.33Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 by using in situ soft XAS measurements in combination with XRD. Fluorescence yield and partial electron yield measurements are used simultaneously to obtain element selective surface and bulk information. Fluorescence yield measurements reveal no energy change of the absorption peak and thus no valence state change in the bulk. However, electron yield measurements indicate that NiO-type rock salt structure is formed at the surface at temperatures above 200 degrees C while no evidence for a surface reaction near Co sites in investigated temperature range is found. These results clearly show that in situ soft XAS can give a unique understanding of the role of each element in the structural transformation under thermal abuse offering a useful guidance in developing new battery system with improved safety performance. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub; Haas, Otto; Muhammad, Shoaib; Kim, Hyunchul; Lee, Wontae; Kim, Donghwi] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Energy Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Haas, Otto] Newtechnol Energy & Mat Res Consulting, CH-5408 Ennetbaden, Switzerland. [Fischer, Daniel A.; Jaye, Cherno] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Balasubramanian, Mahalingam] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nam, Kyung-Wan] Dongguk Univ Seoul, Dept Energy & Mat Engn, Seoul 100715, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Energy Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM wsyoon@skku.edu RI Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Kim, Hyunchul/D-4426-2017 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Kim, Hyunchul/0000-0002-8006-9504 FU Human Resources Development program of the KETEP [20124010203270]; IT R&D program of the KEIT - Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [10041856]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Human Resources Development program (No. 20124010203270) of the KETEP and the IT R&D program (10041856) of the KEIT funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The work at BNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6827 DI 10.1038/srep06827 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AS0RB UT WOS:000343984200002 PM 25351344 ER PT J AU Lee, S Lee, S Kim, K Griffith, D Golmie, N AF Lee, Seungseob Lee, SuKyoung Kim, Kyungsoo Griffith, David Golmie, Nada TI Optimal deployment of pico base stations in LTE-Advanced heterogeneous networks SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network; Inter-cell interference; Utility; Cell throughput; Installation cost ID CELLULAR NETWORKS; INTERFERENCE COORDINATION; OPTIMIZATION; LOCATION; DESIGN AB As data traffic demand in cellular networks grows exponentially, operators need to add new cell sites to keep up; unfortunately, it is costly to build and operate macrocells. Moreover, it may not be possible to obtain the needed approvals for additional macrocell sites. Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the concept of heterogeneous networks in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 10, where low-power base stations (BSs) are deployed within the coverage area of a macrocell to carry traffic. However, this new type of deployment can cause more severe interference conditions than a macro-only system, due to inter-cell interference; hence, enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) has been actively discussed in LTE Release 10. Nevertheless, eICIC cannot completely eliminate interference and, to make matters worse, high-power transmissions of the reference signals from the BSs may increase the interference level. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for deploying low-power nodes within macrocell coverage areas in LTE heterogeneous networks, which aims to increase the system utility while minimizing the installation cost. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Seungseob; Lee, SuKyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Kyungsoo] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Appl Math, Yongin, South Korea. [Griffith, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@yonsei.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2013R1A1A3005914] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2013R1A1A3005914). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD OCT 29 PY 2014 VL 72 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2014.07.006 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AQ1KS UT WOS:000342540900009 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Zhan, XW Zheng, YF Liu, JC Hain, CR Fang, L AF Yin, Jifu Zhan, Xiwu Zheng, Youfei Liu, Jicheng Hain, Christopher R. Fang, Li TI Impact of quality control of satellite soil moisture data on their assimilation into land surface model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SMOPS soil moisture product; quality control; data assimilation; green vegetation fraction ID PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTS; SKILL AB A global Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) has been developed to process satellite soil moisture observational data at the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service for improving numerical weather prediction (NWP) models at the NOAA National Weather Service (NWS). A few studies have shown the benefits of assimilating satellite soil moisture data in land surface models (LSMs), which are the components of most NWP models. In this study, synthetic experiments are conducted to determine how soil moisture data quality control may impact the benefit of their assimilation into LSMs. It is found that using green vegetation fraction to quality control the SMOPS soil moisture product may significantly increase the benefit of assimilating it into Noah LSM in terms of increasing the agreement of Noah LSM surface and root zone soil moisture simulations with the corresponding in situ measurements. The quality control procedures and parameters are suggested for the assimilation of SMOPS data into NWS NWP models. C1 [Yin, Jifu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Aerosol Cloud Precipitat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yin, Jifu; Zhan, Xiwu; Liu, Jicheng; Hain, Christopher R.; Fang, Li] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jicheng] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hain, Christopher R.; Fang, Li] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zheng, YF (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zhengyf@nuist.edu.cn RI Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Hain, Christopher/G-3512-2012 OI Hain, Christopher/0000-0002-0093-6816 FU NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program; Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province [CXZZ12_0499] FX This work was supported by a grant from the NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program and Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province (CXZZ12_0499). We would like to thank Gabrielle De Lannoy for his efforts on quality-controlled SCAN data and Wei Guo for providing the weekly GVF data. SMOPS soil moisture data product can be obtained from the NOAA NESDIS at http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/smops/smops_loops.html. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7159 EP 7166 DI 10.1002/2014GL060659 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU0WO UT WOS:000345343100023 ER PT J AU Bernardello, R Marinov, I Palter, JB Galbraith, ED Sarmiento, JL AF Bernardello, Raffaele Marinov, Irina Palter, Jaime B. Galbraith, Eric D. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Impact of Weddell Sea deep convection on natural and anthropogenic carbon in a climate model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE open ocean deep convection; carbon uptake; climate change; Weddell sea ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CMIP5 MODELS; BOTTOM WATER; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; FORMULATION; POLYNYA; CO2 AB A climate model is used to investigate the influence of Weddell Sea open ocean deep convection on anthropogenic and natural carbon uptake for the period 1860-2100. In a three-member ensemble climate change simulation, convection ceases on average by year 1981, weakening the net oceanic cumulative uptake of atmospheric CO2 by year 2100 (-4.3 Pg C) relative to an ocean that has continued convection. This net weakening results from a decrease in anthropogenic carbon uptake (-10.1 Pg C), partly offset by an increase in natural carbon storage (+5.8 Pg C). Despite representing only 4% of its area, the Weddell Sea is responsible for 22% of the Southern Ocean decrease in total climate-driven carbon uptake and 52% of the decrease in the anthropogenic component of oceanic uptake. Although this is a model-specific result, it illustrates the potential of deep convection to produce an intermodel spread in future projections of ocean carbon uptake. C1 [Bernardello, Raffaele; Marinov, Irina] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Palter, Jaime B.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bernardello, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM braf@sas.upenn.edu OI Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232; Bernardello, Raffaele/0000-0003-4923-1582 FU NOAA [NOAA-NA10OAR4310092]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); NSERC; Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University FX Output from CM2Mc simulations used for this study are available upon request from the corresponding author, R. B. (raffer@noc.ac.uk). R. B. and I. M. were sponsored by NOAA grant NOAA-NA10OAR4310092. J.B.P. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). E. G. was supported by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and NSERC. This work was partially supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University, sponsored by B.P. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7262 EP 7269 DI 10.1002/2014GL061313 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU0WO UT WOS:000345343100035 ER PT J AU Clifton, OE Fiore, AM Correa, G Horowitz, LW Naik, V AF Clifton, O. E. Fiore, A. M. Correa, G. Horowitz, L. W. Naik, V. TI Twenty-first century reversal of the surface ozone seasonal cycle over the northeastern United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE air pollution; climate change; ozone smog; methane ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BACKGROUND OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; EASTERN US; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; PREINDUSTRIAL; EMISSIONS AB Changing emissions can alter the surface O-3 seasonal cycle, as detected from northeastern U.S. (NE) observations during recent decades. Under continued regional precursor emission controls (-72% NE NOx by 2100), the NE surface O-3 seasonal cycle reverses (to a winter maximum) in 21st century transient chemistry-climate simulations. Over polluted regions, regional NOx largely controls the shape of surface O-3 seasonal cycles. In the absence of regional NOx controls, climate warming contributes to a higher surface O-3 summertime peak over the NE. A doubling of the global CH4 abundance by 2100 partially offsets summertime surface O-3 decreases attained via NOx reductions and contributes to raising surface O-3 during December-March when the O-3 lifetime is longer. The similarity between surface O-3 seasonal cycles over the NE and the Intermountain West by 2100 indicates a NE transition to a region representative of baseline surface O-3 conditions. C1 [Clifton, O. E.; Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Clifton, O. E.; Fiore, A. M.; Correa, G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Clifton, OE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM oclifton@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX12AF15G]; EPA STAR [83520601] FX We acknowledge support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (NNX12AF15G) and EPA STAR grant 83520601. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official view of the EPA. Further, the EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Please contact the corresponding author for use of published data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and feedback on this manuscript. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 20 BP 7343 EP 7350 DI 10.1002/2014GL061378 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AU0WO UT WOS:000345343100045 ER PT J AU Douglas, JE Chater, PA Brown, CM Pollock, TM Seshadri, R AF Douglas, Jason E. Chater, Philip A. Brown, Craig M. Pollock, Tresa M. Seshadri, Ram TI Nanoscale structural heterogeneity in Ni-rich half-Heusler TiNiSn SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE; LARGE ENHANCEMENTS; ALLOYS; TI; THERMOPOWER; STABILITY; DEFECTS; ZRNISN; SN AB The structural implications of excess Ni in the TiNiSn half-Heusler compound are examined through a combination of synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering studies, in conjunction with first principles density functional theory calculations on supercells. Despite the phase diagram suggesting that TiNiSn is a line compound with no solid solution, for small x in TiNi1-xSn there is indeed an appearance-from careful analysis of the scattering-of some solubility, with the excess Ni occupying the interstitial tetrahedral site in the half-Heusler structure. The analysis performed here would point to the excess Ni not being statistically distributed, but rather occurring as coherent nanoclusters. First principles calculations of energetics, carried out using supercells, support a scenario of Ni interstitials clustering, rather than a statistical distribution. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Douglas, Jason E.; Pollock, Tresa M.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Douglas, Jason E.; Pollock, Tresa M.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chater, Philip A.] Diamond Light Source, Chilton OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Douglas, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jedouglas@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Chater, Philip/0000-0002-5513-9400 FU MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-1121053]; National Science Foundation [1144085, DMR-0944772]; Center for Scientific Computing at UCSB; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316]; Hewlett Packard; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation through DMR-1121053. J.E.D. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 1144085. We thank Professor Jakoah Brgoch and Dr. Brian Toby for useful discussions and input. We acknowledge support from the Center for Scientific Computing at UCSB, supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF CNS-0960316 and Hewlett Packard. The Materials Research Laboratory is a member of the NSF-supported Materials Research Facilities Network. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Neutron diffraction data from the NCNR at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 16 AR 163514 DI 10.1063/1.4900497 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS9WN UT WOS:000344589400025 ER PT J AU Basham, JI Jackson, TN Gundlach, DJ AF Basham, James I. Jackson, Thomas N. Gundlach, David J. TI Predicting the J-V Curve in Organic Photovoltaics Using Impedance Spectroscopy SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID P3HT/PCBM SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE RECOMBINATION; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; VOLTAGE; PHOTOCURRENT; NONGEMINATE; EFFICIENCY; TRANSIENT; TEMPERATURE AB Impedance spectroscopy is used as a method to predict the current-voltage curve in organic photovoltaic devices. This technique allows the quantification of the recombination rate, series resistance, carrier density, and lifetime very close to normal operating conditions. The current density is reconstructed from the generation and recombination rates. Excellent agreement with measured results is observed using this simple model. The order of recombination is found to be strongly bias dependent, displaying a shift in the dominant form of recombination from trap-mediated at low carrier densities to bimolecular at high carrier densities. Mobility is shown for a range of intensities and is found to vary significantly with fabrication conditions. C1 [Basham, James I.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basham, James I.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gundlach@nist.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 15 AR 1400499 DI 10.1002/aenm.201400499 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AS6IY UT WOS:000344368500009 ER PT J AU Elliott, LCC Basham, JI Pernstich, KP Shrestha, PR Richter, LJ DeLongchamp, DM Gundlach, DJ AF Elliott, Lindsay C. C. Basham, James I. Pernstich, Kurt P. Shrestha, Pragya R. Richter, Lee J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Gundlach, David J. TI Probing Charge Recombination Dynamics in Organic Photovoltaic Devices under Open-Circuit Conditions SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; NONGEMINATE RECOMBINATION; CARRIER MOBILITY; DYE; VOLTAGE; PHOTOCURRENT; PERFORMANCE; COLLECTION; DEPENDENCE AB Large perturbation transient photovoltage and impedance spectroscopy measurements are used to gain insights into recombination in organic photovoltaic devices. The combination of these two simple optoelectronic techniques enables characterization of recombination order as well as mobile and trapped charge evolution over a large range of carrier densities. The data show that trapped charge is approximately equal to total charge at low carrier densities in the high efficiency devices measured. Between low and high charge carrier density, the order of recombination is observed to vary from monomolecular to bimolecular to higher order. The new techniques and methods presented can be applied to any type of photovoltage device to gain insight into device operation and limitations. C1 [Elliott, Lindsay C. C.; Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basham, James I.; Shrestha, Pragya R.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basham, James I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pernstich, Kurt P.] Zurich Univ Appl Sci, Inst Computat Phys, ZHAW, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland. [Shrestha, Pragya R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gundlach@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU National Research Council; NIST-ARRA Fellowship Program Award through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The authors are happy to acknowledge technical feedback from Thomas Kirchartz (Imperial College) and Jonathon Downing (NIST) and helpful discussions with Prof. Thomas Jackson (The Pennsylvania State University). P. R. S. acknowledges support and contributions from Dr. Charles Cheung (NIST). L. C. C. E. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship funding through the National Research Council. K. P. P. acknowledges financial support from NIST-ARRA Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. This article was modified after online publication to correct errors in the display of the equations. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 15 AR 1400356 DI 10.1002/aenm.201400356 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AS6IY UT WOS:000344368500004 ER PT J AU Yin, XY Blume, D Johnson, PR Tiesinga, E AF Yin, X. Y. Blume, D. Johnson, P. R. Tiesinga, E. TI Universal and nonuniversal effective N-body interactions for ultracold harmonically trapped few-atom systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; ENERGY-LEVELS; HARD SPHERES; BOSE SYSTEM; DENSITY; STATES; GAS AB We derive the ground-state energy for a small number of ultracold atoms in an isotropic harmonic trap using effective quantum field theory (EFT). Atoms are assumed to interact through pairwise energy-independent and energy-dependent delta-function potentials with strengths proportional to the scattering length a and effective range volume V, respectively. The calculations are performed systematically up to the order of l(-4), where l denotes the harmonic-oscillator length. The effective three-body interaction contains a logarithmic divergence in the cutoff energy, giving rise to a nonuniversal three-body interaction in the EFT. Our EFT results are confirmed by nonperturbative numerical calculations for a Hamiltonian with finite-range two-body Gaussian interactions. For this model Hamiltonian, we explicitly calculate the nonuniversal effective three-body contribution to the energy. C1 [Yin, X. Y.; Blume, D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yin, XY (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY-1205443]; U.S. Army Research Office [60661PH]; Institute for Nuclear Theory during the Program "Universality in Few-Body Systems: Theoretical Challenges and New Directions" [INT-14-1] FX D.B. thanks Shina Tan and P.R.J. thanks Nathan Harshman for insightful discussions. X.Y.Y. and D.B. gratefully acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant No. PHY-1205443. P.R.J. and E.T. acknowledge support from the U.S. Army Research Office under Contract/Grant No. 60661PH. All four authors acknowledge support from the Institute for Nuclear Theory during the Program No. INT-14-1, "Universality in Few-Body Systems: Theoretical Challenges and New Directions." NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 28 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 043631 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043631 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0BX UT WOS:000343944600006 ER PT J AU Guan, XX Bartschat, K Schneider, BI Koesterke, L AF Guan, Xiaoxu Bartschat, Klaus Schneider, Barry I. Koesterke, Lars TI Alignment and pulse-duration effects in two-photon double ionization of H-2 by femtosecond XUV laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We present calculations for the dependence of the two-photon double ionization (DI) of H-2 on the relative orientation of the linear laser polarization to the internuclear axis and the length of the pulse. We use the fixed-nuclei approximation at the equilibrium distance of 1.4 a(0), where a(0) = 0.529 x 10(-10) m is the Bohr radius. Central photon energies cover the entire direct DI domain from 26.5 to 34.0 eV. In contrast to the parallel geometry studied earlier [X. Guan, K. Bartschat, B. I. Schneider, and L. Koesterke, Phys. Rev. A 83, 043403 (2011)], the effect of the pulse duration is almost negligible for the case when the two axes are perpendicular to each other. This is a consequence of the symmetry rules for dipole excitation in the two cases. In the parallel geometry, doubly excited states of (1)Sigma(+)(u) symmetry affect the cross section, while in the perpendicular geometry only much longer-lived (1)Pi(u) states are present. This accounts for the different convergence patterns observed in the calculated cross sections as a function of the pulse length. When the photon energy approaches the threshold of sequential DI, a sharp increase of the generalized total cross section (GTCS) with increasing pulse duration is also observed in the perpendicular geometry, very similar to the case of the molecular axis being oriented along the laser polarization direction. Our results differ from those of Colgan et al. [J. Colgan, M. S. Pindzola, and F. Robicheaux, J. Phys. B 41, 121002 (2008)] and Morales et al. [F. Morales, F. Martin, D. A. Horner, T. N. Rescigno, and C. W. McCurdy, J. Phys. B 42, 134013 (2009)], but are in excellent agreement with the GTCSs of Simonsen et al. [A. S. Simonsen, S. A. Sorngard, R. Nepstad, and M. Forre, Phys. Rev. A 85, 063404 (2012)] over the entire domain of direct DI. C1 [Guan, Xiaoxu; Bartschat, Klaus] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Schneider, Barry I.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koesterke, Lars] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Comp Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Guan, XX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Guan, Xiaoxu/A-1299-2013 FU US NSF [PHY-1068140, PHY-1430245]; super-computer resources on Kraken at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Texas Advanced Computer Center; super-computer resources on Gordon at the San Diego Supercomputing Center through the eXtreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) [PHY-090031] FX We thank Dr. J. Colgan, Dr. M. Forre, and Dr. F. Morales for sending results in electronic form. This work was supported by the US NSF under Grants No. PHY-1068140 and No. PHY-1430245 (X. G. and K. B.); by super-computer resources on Kraken at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Stampede, at the Texas Advanced Computer Center; and by super-computer resources on Gordon at the San Diego Supercomputing Center through the eXtreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) Allocation No. PHY-090031. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 24 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 4 AR 043416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043416 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AS0BS UT WOS:000343944200002 ER PT J AU Moylan, S Slotwinski, J Cooke, A Jurrens, K Donmez, MA AF Moylan, Shawn Slotwinski, John Cooke, April Jurrens, Kevin Donmez, M. Alkan TI An Additive Manufacturing Test Artifact SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3D printing; additive manufacturing; benchmarking; performance evaluation; test artifact ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ACHIEVABLE ACCURACY; LAYER ORIENTATION; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; BENCHMARKING; PROTOTYPES; ROUGHNESS; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB A test artifact, intended for standardization, is proposed for the purpose of evaluating the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) systems. A thorough analysis of previously proposed AM test artifacts as well as experience with machining test artifacts have inspired the design of the proposed test artifact. This new artifact is designed to provide a characterization of the capabilities and limitations of an AM system, as well as to allow system improvement by linking specific errors measured in the test artifact to specific sources in the AM system. The proposed test artifact has been built in multiple materials using multiple AM technologies. The results of several of the builds are discussed, demonstrating how the measurement results can be used to characterize and improve a specific AM system. C1 [Moylan, Shawn; Jurrens, Kevin; Donmez, M. Alkan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotwinski, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Cooke, April] CCAM, Disputanta, VA 23842 USA. RP Moylan, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shawn.moylan@nist.gov; John.Slotwinski@jhuapl.edu; April.Cooke@ccam-va.com; kevin.jurrens@nist.gov; alkan.donmez@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Regina Avila of the NIST Information Services Office for her assistance in compiling the articles referenced in this report. The authors are grateful to Brian Renegar of NIST's Surface and Nanostructure Metrology Group for his assistance with the surface profile and roughness measurements. The authors would also like to thank Keith Hebenstreit (State University of New York at Binghamton) who contributed to this work at NIST through the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program funded by the National Science Foundation. Finally, the authors are grateful to Dan Maas of ExOne, Ben Fulcher of Harvest Technologies, and Kevin Chou of the University of Alabama who aided in the building of the AM test artifact in several materials by a variety of AM systems. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 429 EP 459 DI 10.6028/jres.119.017 PG 31 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MJ UT WOS:000350402400001 PM 26601039 ER PT J AU Stevens, JS Seabourne, CR Jaye, C Fischer, DA Scott, AJ Schroeder, SLM AF Stevens, Joanna S. Seabourne, Che R. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Scott, Andrew J. Schroeder, Sven L. M. TI Incisive Probing of Intermolecular Interactions in Molecular Crystals: Core Level Spectroscopy Combined with Density Functional Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRON-BINDING-ENERGIES; HYDROGEN-BOND; SOLID-STATE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PROTONATION STATE; FINE-STRUCTURE; XPS AB The alpha-form of crystalline para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been examined as a model system for demonstrating how the core level spectroscopies X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) can be combined with CASTEP density functional theory (DFT) to provide reliable modeling of intermolecular bonding in organic molecular crystals. Through its dependence on unoccupied valence states NEXAFS is an extremely sensitive probe of variations in intermolecular bonding. Prediction of NEXAFS spectra by CASTEP, in combination with core level shifts predicted by WIEN2K, reproduced experimentally observed data very well when all significant intermolecular interactions were correctly taken into account. CASTEP-predicted NEXAFS spectra for the crystalline state were compared with those for an isolated PABA monomer to examine the impact of intermolecular interactions and local environment in the solid state. The effects of the loss of hydrogen-bonding in carboxylic acid dimers and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxylic acid moieties are evident, with energy shifts and intensity variations of NEXAFS features arising from the associated differences in electronic structure and bonding. C1 [Stevens, Joanna S.; Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Schroeder, Sven L. M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Seabourne, Che R.; Scott, Andrew J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Inst Mat Res, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schroeder, SLM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem Engn & Analyt Sci, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM s.schroeder@manchester.ac.uk RI Schroeder, Sven/A-5129-2010; Scott, Andrew/H-6321-2016; OI Schroeder, Sven/0000-0002-4232-5378; Scott, Andrew/0000-0003-4235-6462; Stevens, Joanna/0000-0002-1013-8447 FU N8 consortium; EPSRC [EP/K000225/1]; UK's investment in e-Infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; EPSRC Critical Mass Grants [EP/I013563/1, EP/I014446/1] FX This work made use of the facilities of N8 HPC provided and funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC (Grant No. EP/K000225/1). The Centre is coordinated by the Universities of Leeds and Manchester. The authors would also like to acknowledge the usage of the ARC1 computing facility at the University of Leeds, and the usage of Hartree Centre resources for this work. The STFC Hartree. Centre is a research collaboration funded by the UK's investment in e-Infrastructure. CRS would like to acknowledge the support of the High Performance Computing (HPC) team at the University of Leeds, for their design of the advanced research computing 1 (ARC 1) facility, and assistance in code compilation and optimization. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We gratefully acknowledge support for JSS, SLMS, CRS, and AJS through EPSRC Critical Mass Grants (EP/I013563/1 and EP/I014446/1). Commercial names mentioned in this manuscript are for illustrative purposes and do not represent an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 42 BP 12121 EP 12129 DI 10.1021/jp506983s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AR7DS UT WOS:000343740600005 PM 25248405 ER PT J AU Benedetto, A Heinrich, F Gonzalez, MA Fragneto, G Watkins, E Ballone, P AF Benedetto, Antonio Heinrich, Frank Gonzalez, Miguel A. Fragneto, Giovanna Watkins, Erik Ballone, Pietro TI Structure and Stability of Phospholipid Bilayers Hydrated by a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid/Water Solution: A Neutron Reflectometry Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIPID-BILAYERS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES; SPECULAR REFLECTION; COMPONENT VOLUMES; CYTOCHROME-C; LIQUIDS; IMIDAZOLIUM; MEMBRANES; TOXICITY; SOLVENTS AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements were carried out to probe the structure and stability of two model biomembranes consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) phospholipid bilayers hydrated by water solutions of two prototypical room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), namely, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) and choline chloride ([Chol][Cl]) at concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M, respectively. The raw data were analyzed by fitting a distribution of scattering length densities arising from the different chemical species in the system. The results of this analysis show that (a) for all systems and concentrations that we considered, the thickness of the bilayers shrinks by similar to 1 angstrom upon dissolving the ionic liquid into water and that (b) the RTIL ions enter the bilayer, finding their way to a preferred location in the lipid range that is nearly independent of the lipid and of the [bimim](+) or [Chol](+) choice. The volume fraction of RTIL sorbed in/on the bilayer, however, does depend on the lipid, but, again, is the same for [bmim][Cl] and for [Chol][Cl]. Thus, the RTIL occupies similar to 5% of the bilayer volume in POPC, rising to similar to 10% in DMPC. Repeating the measurements and data analysis after rinsing in pure water shows that the changes in the bilayer due to the RTIL sorption are irreversible and that a measurable amount of IL remains in the lipid fraction, that is, similar to 2.5% of the bilayer volume in POPC and similar to 8% in DMPC. C1 [Benedetto, Antonio] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gonzalez, Miguel A.; Fragneto, Giovanna; Watkins, Erik] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Watkins, Erik] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ballone, Pietro] IIT, Ctr Life Nano Sci Sapienza, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Ballone, Pietro] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Benedetto, A (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Belfield Campus, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM antonio.benedetto@ucd.ie RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Benedetto, Antonio/F-3105-2011; Gonzalez, Miguel/R-8330-2016 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0002-3478-0215 FU European Union under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development (IEF) within the seventh European Community Framework Programme (Grant HYDRA) [301463]; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) under the SEED project SIMBEDD Grant [259] FX A.B. acknowledges the support from the European Union under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development (IEF) within the seventh European Community Framework Programme (Grant HYDRA No. 301463). P.B. acknowledges support from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) under the SEED project SIMBEDD Grant No. 259. The authors wish to acknowledge both the Institute of National Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA, and the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, for the beam time on MAGIK and FIGARO reflectrometers, respectively, and the PSCM @ ILL. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 23 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 42 BP 12192 EP 12206 DI 10.1021/jp507631h PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AR7DS UT WOS:000343740600013 PM 25251987 ER PT J AU Watanabe, Y Mowbray, RW Rice, KP Stoykovich, MP AF Watanabe, Yoshiki Mowbray, Ryan W. Rice, Katherine P. Stoykovich, Mark P. TI Kinetic description of metal nanocrystal oxidation: a combined theoretical and experimental approach for determining morphology and diffusion parameters in hollow nanoparticles by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE nanocrystal oxidation; Kirkendall effect; copper; hollow nanoparticles; nanoscale diffusion ID NANOSPHERES AB The oxidation of colloidal metal nanocrystals to form hollow shells via the nanoscale Kirkendall effect has been investigated using a combined theoretical and experimental approach. A generalized kinetic model for the formation of hollow nanoparticles describes the phenomenon and, unlike prior models, is applicable to any material system and accounts for the effect of surface energies. Phase diagrams of the ultimate oxidized nanoparticle morphology and the time to achieve complete oxidation are calculated, and are found to depend significantly upon consideration of surface energy effects that destabilize the initial formation of small voids. For the oxidation of Cu nanocrystals to Cu2O nanoparticles, we find that the diffusion coefficients dictate the morphological outcomes: the ratio of [GRAPHICS] to [GRAPHICS] controls the void size, T <= 200 degrees C were determined. In contrast to previous interpretations of the nanoscale Kirkendall effect in the Cu/Cu2O system, these results are obtained without any a priori assumptions about the relative magnitudes of