FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fisch, KM Kozfkay, CC Ivy, JA Ryder, OA Waples, RS AF Fisch, Kathleen M. Kozfkay, Christine C. Ivy, Jamie A. Ryder, Oliver A. Waples, Robin S. TI Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT; DROSOPHILA POPULATIONS; FOUNDER REPRESENTATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in conservation hatcheries, which aim not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species. Important considerations for the latter are maximizing genetic diversity and effective population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity. Several studies document the theoretical implementation of captive management strategies designed to achieve these goals. However, the practical application of many of these strategies to conservation hatcheries remains challenging, as the majority of the guidelines were developed for small zoo populations. The aims of this review are (1) to survey current fish conservation hatchery managers in order to assess current hatchery practices and goals; (2) to present available management strategies for conservation hatcheries that may minimize the genetic effects of artificial propagation; and (3) to present genetic management options and their trade-offs to managers developing fish conservation hatcheries. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the responding conservation and nonconservation hatcheries use random broodstock selection and pairing techniques while valuing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and effective population size and minimizing inbreeding. This article reviews the application of small-population management techniques to conservation hatcheries in an effort to increase their utility in recovery plans for endangered fish species. C1 [Fisch, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr Expt Stn, Genom Variat Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fisch, Kathleen M.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Kozfkay, Christine C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Ivy, Jamie A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Collect Dept, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. [Ryder, Oliver A.] San Diego Zoo Global, Inst Conservat Res, San Diego, CA 92027 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fisch, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Agr Expt Stn, Genom Variat Lab, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kfisch@ucsd.edu RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU California Sea Grant Delta Science Program [U-04-SC-005] FX This work was supported by the California Sea Grant Delta Science Program (Agreement U-04-SC-005). We would like to thank Dan Schill and Paul Kline for their reviews of this manuscript. NR 115 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 343 EP 357 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.999846 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP5US UT WOS:000359951100012 ER PT J AU Flagg, TA AF Flagg, Thomas A. TI Balancing Conservation and Harvest Objectives: a Review of Considerations for the Management of Salmon Hatcheries in the US Pacific Northwest SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Review ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WILD; PROGRAMS; FISH; POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD; FITNESS AB The U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) has one of the largest suites of hatchery programs for anadromous salmonids in the world, with about 500 programs producing about 325 million juvenile fish. A total of about 0.7 million Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, 21 million steelhead O. mykiss, 50 million Chum Salmon O. keta, 32 million Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, 41 million Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and 182 million Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha are released annually from PNW hatcheries. These fish provide for robust, sustainable fisheries, and their production and release are designed to meet legal agreements, international treaties, and treaty trust responsibilities. However, this level of hatchery production is often assumed to have negative effects on the conservation of U.S. Endangered Species Act-listed salmon populations in the region. A review of the development of best management practices to balance the conservation and sustainable fisheries goals for PNW salmon hatcheries indicates that to be successful every hatchery program must (1) be scientifically defensible and relate to both published standards and statistically relevant outcomes, (2) have well-defined and documented goals with explicit biological and operational specifications, and (3) have protocols in place that enable managers to respond adaptively to new information. The focus should be on the biological integrity of the populations being propagated in or influenced by the hatchery environment, as opposed to the management of the physical facilities. Complete documentation for a proposed hatchery action component should include items ranging from hatchery location and water source(s) to all aspects of animal husbandry and harvest and the management plans for adult returns. The current science for items should be described and the choice of an action component justified in terms of either the scientific or policy basis of the expect outcome. Where appropriate, complete monitoring and evaluation plans for the proposed actions need to be described. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Flagg, TA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM tom.flagg@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1044058 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP5US UT WOS:000359951100014 ER PT J AU Fast, DE Bosch, WJ Johnston, MV Strom, CR Knudsen, CM Fritts, AL Temple, GM Pearsons, TN Larsen, DA Dittman, AH May, D AF Fast, David E. Bosch, William J. Johnston, Mark V. Strom, Charles R. Knudsen, Curtis M. Fritts, Anthony L. Temple, Gabriel M. Pearsons, Todd N. Larsen, Donald A. Dittman, Andrew H. May, Darran TI A Synthesis of Findings from an Integrated Hatchery Program after Three Generations of Spawning in the Natural Environment SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PRECOCIOUS MALE MATURATION; FISH STOCKING PROGRAMS; YAKIMA RIVER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; LIFE-HISTORY AB The Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility in the Yakima River basin, Washington, is an integrated spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha hatchery program designed to test whether artificial propagation can increase natural production and harvest opportunities while keeping ecological and genetic impacts within acceptable limits. Only natural-origin (naturally spawned) fish are used for hatchery broodstock. Spawning, incubation, and early rearing occur at a central facility; presmolts are transferred for final rearing, acclimation, and volitional release at sites adjacent to natural spawning areas, where returning adults can spawn with natural-origin fish. The first wild broodstock were collected in 1997, and age-4 adults have returned to the Yakima River since 2001. An unsupplemented population in the adjacent Naches River watershed provides a reference for evaluating environmental influences. The program has been comprehensively monitored from its inception. A synthesis of findings, many already published, is as follows: supplementation increased the harvest, redd counts, and spatial distribution of spawners; natural-origin returns were maintained; straying to nontarget systems was negligible; natural-origin females had slightly higher breeding success (production of surviving fry) in an artificial spawning channel, while the behavior and breeding success of natural-and hatchery-origin males were similar; hatchery-origin fish showed differences in morphometric and life history traits; high rates of hatchery age-2 (minijack) production were reported, but the observed proportions of out-migrating juvenile and adult (ages 4 and 5) returning males were comparable for hatchery-and natural-origin fish; hatchery smolts did not affect the levels of pathogens in natural smolts; and the ecological interactions attributed to the program were within adopted guidelines. Continued study is required to assess the long-term impacts on natural production and productivity. C1 [Fast, David E.; Bosch, William J.; Johnston, Mark V.; Strom, Charles R.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. [Knudsen, Curtis M.] Oncorh Consulting, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Fritts, Anthony L.; Temple, Gabriel M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA. [Larsen, Donald A.; Dittman, Andrew H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [May, Darran] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fast, DE (reprint author), Yakama Nation Fisheries, POB 151, Toppenish, WA 98948 USA. EM fast@yakama.com FU Bonneville Power Administration through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program; NOAA-Fisheries FX This project would not have been possible without the vision and leadership of Melvin Sampson, Levi George (to whom the CESRF is dedicated), and the Yakama Nation Tribal Council. Monitoring and evaluation efforts for this project are the result of a cooperative effort by many individuals from a variety of agencies, including the Yakama Nation Fisheries Program, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries, as well as some consultants and contractors. We thank all of the individuals involved for their efforts. We also need to recognize and thank the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, the University of Idaho, the University of Washington, the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Lars Mobrand, and Central Washington University for their many contributions to this project including recommendations, laboratory, and data services. We especially thank Bruce Watson, Joel Hubble, Gerry Lewis, Joe Hoptowit, Doug Neeley, Craig Busack, Bill Hopley, Lynn Hatcher, Steve Schroder, Ray Brunson, Joy Evered, Sharon Lutz, Joan Thomas, Kerry Naish, Charlie Waters, Brian Beckman, Pat Oshie, Pat Spurgin, and Peter Galbreath for their contributions to this project and paper. This work is funded by the Bonneville Power Administration through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program, with some monitoring and evaluation funding from NOAA-Fisheries. NR 146 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 377 EP 395 DI 10.1080/15222055.2015.1024360 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CP5US UT WOS:000359951100015 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI The Coastal Ocean SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100003 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Drifters and Their Numerical Simulation SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 16 EP 37 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100004 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Preface SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP XIX EP + PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100001 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Introduction and Scope SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP XXIX EP XXXIII PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100002 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Probability and Statistics - A Primer SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 38 EP 115 PG 78 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100005 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Dispersion by Random Walk SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 116 EP 170 PG 55 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100006 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Boundary Conditions, Boundary Layers, Sources SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 171 EP 193 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100007 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Turbulence Closure SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 194 EP 224 PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100008 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Meshes: Interpolation, Navigation, and Fields SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 227 EP 270 PG 44 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100009 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Particles and Fields SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 271 EP 293 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100010 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Noncohesive Sediment - Dense Particles SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 297 EP 336 PG 40 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100011 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Oil - Chemically Active Particles SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 337 EP 388 PG 52 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100012 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Individual-Based Models - Biotic Particles SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 389 EP 452 PG 64 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100013 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Complex Numbers SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 458 EP 460 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100014 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Wiener Integrals SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100015 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Rates and Rate Limiters SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100016 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Diffusion Solutions SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 468 EP 469 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100017 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Covariance Matrix for Shear and Convergence SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 470 EP 471 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100018 ER PT J AU Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL AF Lynch, Daniel R. Greenberg, David A. Bilgili, Ata McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Manning, James P. Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. BA Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL BF Lynch, DR Greenberg, DA Bilgili, A McGillicuddy, DJ Manning, JP Aretxabaleta, AL TI Distribution Properties for Linear Triangles SO PARTICLES IN THE COASTAL OCEAN: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Greenberg, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bilgili, Ata] Istanbul Tech Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-06175-0 PY 2015 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BD0PN UT WOS:000357526100019 ER PT S AU Klimov, NN Purdy, T Ahmed, Z AF Klimov, Nikolai N. Purdy, Thomas Ahmed, Zeeshan BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, GG TI On-Chip Silicon Photonic Thermometers: from Waveguide Bragg Grating to Ring Resonators sensors SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID TEMPERATURE SENSOR; FIBER AB Fundamental limitations of resistance thermometry, as well as the desire to reduce sensor ownership cost has led to considerable interest in the development of photonic temperature sensors as an alternative to resistance thermometers. These innovative temperature sensors have the potential to leverage advances in frequency metrology to provide cost effective measurement solutions. Here we present the results of our efforst in developing novel photonic temperature sensors. Our preliminary results indicate that using photonic devices such as the ring resonators, photonic crystal cavities and Bragg reflectors we can achieve measurement capabilities that are on-par or better than the state of the art in resistance thermometry. C1 [Klimov, Nikolai N.] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Purdy, Thomas; Ahmed, Zeeshan] NIST, Quantum Opt Grp, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Klimov, NN (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-602-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9486 AR 948609 DI 10.1117/12.2176666 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD3DE UT WOS:000359481900003 ER PT S AU Mohammad, I Romero-Talamas, C Kostov, D Wang, WP Liu, ZC Hussey, DS Baltic, E Jacobson, DL Gu, J Choa, FS AF Mohammad, Islam Romero-Talamas, Carlos Kostov, Dan Wang, Wanpeng Liu, Zhongchi Hussey, Daniel S. Baltic, Eli Jacobson, David L. Gu, Jerry Choa, Fow-Sen BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, GG TI Global Nuclear Radiation Monitoring Using Plants SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies XII CY APR 20-21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Nuclear Monitoring; Nuclear Detections; Forensics; Chlorophyll Fluorescence; Plant Electricity ID CHLOROPHYLL AB Plants exhibit complex responses to changes in environmental conditions such as radiant heat flux, water quality, airborne pollutants, soil contents. We seek to utilize the natural chemical and electrophysiological response of plants to develop novel plant-based sensor networks. Our present work focuses on plant responses to high-energy radiation - with the goal of monitoring natural plant responses for use as benchmarks for detection and dosimetry. For our study, we selected a plants cactus, Arabidopsis, Dwarf mango (pine), Euymus and Azela. We demonstrated that the ratio of Chlorophyll a to Chlorophyll b of the leaves has changed due to the exposure gradually come back to the normal stage after the radiation die. We used blue laser-induced blue fluorescence-emission spectra to characterize the pigment status of the trees. Upon blue laser excitation (400 nm) leaves show a fluorescence emission in the red spectral region between 650 and 800nm (chlorophyll fluorescence with maxima near 690nm and 735 nm). Sample tree subjects were placed at a distance of 1m from NIST-certified 241AmBe neutron source (30 mCi), capable of producing a neutron field of about 13 mrem/h. This corresponds to an actual absorbed dose of similar to 1 mrad/h. Our results shows that all plants are sensitive to nuclear radiation and some take longer time to recover and take less. We can use their characteristics to do differential detection and extract nuclear activity information out of measurement results avoid false alarms produced environmental changes. Certainly the ultimate verification can be obtained from genetic information, which only need to be done when we have seen noticeable changes on plant optical spectra, mechanical strength and electrical characteristics. C1 [Mohammad, Islam; Romero-Talamas, Carlos; Kostov, Dan; Choa, Fow-Sen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wang, Wanpeng; Liu, Zhongchi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Baltic, Eli; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gu, Jerry] Marriotts Ridge High Sch, Marriottsville, MD 21104 USA. RP Mohammad, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-602-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9486 AR 94860S DI 10.1117/12.2177532 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD3DE UT WOS:000359481900016 ER PT J AU Han, GJ Wu, XR Zhang, SQ Liu, ZY Navon, IM Li, W AF Han, Guijun Wu, Xinrong Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Zhengyu Navon, Ionel Michael Li, Wei TI A Study of Coupling Parameter Estimation Implemented by 4D-Var and EnKF with a Simple Coupled System SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SCALE NONSMOOTH OPTIMIZATION; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; MEMORY BUNDLE METHOD; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; CLIMATE ESTIMATION; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Coupling parameter estimation (CPE) that uses observations to estimate the parameters in a coupled model through error covariance between variables residing in different media may increase the consistency of estimated parameters in an air-sea coupled system. However, it is very challenging to accurately evaluate the error covariance between such variables due to the different characteristic time scales at which flows vary in different media. With a simple Lorenz-atmosphere and slab ocean coupled system that characterizes the interaction of two-timescale media in a coupled "climate" system, this study explores feasibility of the CPE with four-dimensional variational analysis and ensemble Kalman filter within a perfect observing system simulation experiment framework. It is found that both algorithms can improve the representation of air-sea coupling processes through CPE compared to state estimation only. These simple model studies provide some insights when parameter estimation is implemented with a coupled general circulation model for improving climate estimation and prediction initialization. C1 [Han, Guijun; Wu, Xinrong; Li, Wei] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Navon, Ionel Michael] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Wu, XR (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xinrong_wu@yahoo.com RI Navon, Ionel/A-5173-2008 OI Navon, Ionel/0000-0001-7830-7094 FU National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation [41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41206178, 41176003]; National High-Tech RD Program [2013AA09A505]; NSF Grant of the US [0968383] FX This research is cosponsored by grants of the National Basic Research Program (2013CB430304), National Natural Science Foundation (41306006, 41376015, 41376013, 41206178, and 41176003), and National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505), and the NSF Grant of the US (0968383). NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 530764 DI 10.1155/2015/530764 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0DQ UT WOS:000359546400001 ER PT J AU Tsuda, T Ikeda, Y Imanishi, A Kusumoto, S Kuwabata, S Stafford, GR Hussey, CL AF Tsuda, Tetsuya Ikeda, Yuichi Imanishi, Akihito Kusumoto, Shohei Kuwabata, Susumu Stafford, Gery R. Hussey, Charles L. TI Electrodeposition of Al-W-Mn Ternary Alloys from the Lewis Acidic Aluminum Chloride-1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALT; TUNGSTEN; PASSIVITY; FILMS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MELT AB The electrodeposition of non-equilibrium ternary Al-W-Mn alloys was examined in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3 m/o aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-[C(2)mim]Cl) ionic liquid (IL). K-3[W2Cl9] and MnCl2 were added to provide sources of W and Mn. The Al-W-Mn alloys were deposited on Cu wire substrates rotated at a fixed rate of 1000 rpm by using a de galvanostatic method. The W content in the ternary Al-W-Mn alloys decreased with an increase in the deposition current density and was independent of the K-3[W2Cl9] and MnCl2 concentrations in the plating solution. However, both the current density and the metal salt concentrations affected the Mn content of the ternary alloys. X-ray diffraction and composition analysis of the resulting Al-W-Mn deposits revealed the presence of an amorphous non-equilibrium alloy phase without chloride contamination. The chloride-induced pitting potential of the Al-W-Mn ternary alloys was found to be superior to that of the related binary alloys, Al-W and Al-Mn, indicating that the presence of two transition metal solutes has a beneficial additive effect on the corrosion resistance of Al. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsuda, Tetsuya; Ikeda, Yuichi; Kuwabata, Susumu] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Imanishi, Akihito; Kusumoto, Shohei] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Stafford, Gery R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM ttsuda@chem.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp; chclh@chem1.olemiss.edu RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [24350071, 15H03591]; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) for Specially Promoted Research for Innovative Next Generation Batteries (SPRING); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) FX Part of this research was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), grant No. 24350071 and 15H03591, from Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), by Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) for Specially Promoted Research for Innovative Next Generation Batteries (SPRING), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). This was "Paper 1487" presented at the 226th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society in Cancun, Mexico, October 5-9, 2014. A preliminary version of this manuscript appeared in ECS Trans., 64(4), 563 (2014). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 43 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 9 BP D405 EP D411 DI 10.1149/2.0051509jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CO5CL UT WOS:000359177100047 ER PT J AU Schwarz, KA Sundararaman, R Moffat, TP Allison, TC AF Schwarz, Kathleen A. Sundararaman, Ravishankar Moffat, Thomas P. Allison, Thomas C. TI Formic acid oxidation on platinum: a simple mechanistic study SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; NOBLE-METAL ELECTRODES; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; GALVANOSTATIC ELECTROOXIDATION; ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION; POTENTIAL OSCILLATIONS; FILM ELECTRODE; SURFACE; GOLD AB The oxidation of small organic acids on noble metal surfaces under electrocatalytic conditions is important for the operation of fuel cells and is of scientific interest, but the basic reaction mechanisms continue to be a matter of debate. Formic acid oxidation on platinum is one of the simplest of these reactions, yet even this model system remains poorly understood. Historically, proposed mechanisms for the oxidation of formic acid involve the acid molecule as a reactant, but recent studies suggest that the formate anion is the reactant. Ab initio studies of this reaction do not address formate as a possible reactant, likely because of the difficulty of calculating a charged species near a charged solvated surface under potential control. Using the recently-developed joint density functional theory (JDFT) framework for electrochemistry, we perform ab initio calculations on a Pt(111) surface to explore this reaction and help resolve the debate. We find that when a formate anion approaches the platinum surface at typical operating voltages, with H pointing towards the surface, it reacts to form CO2 and adsorbed H with no barrier on a clean Pt surface. This mechanism leads to a reaction rate proportional to formate concentration and number of available platinum sites. Additionally, high coverages of adsorbates lead to large reaction barriers, and consequently, we expect the availability of metal sites to limit the experimentally observed reaction rate. C1 [Schwarz, Kathleen A.; Moffat, Thomas P.; Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schwarz, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kas4@nist.gov RI Sundararaman, Ravishankar/F-6998-2015 OI Sundararaman, Ravishankar/0000-0002-0625-4592 FU NIST-NRC postdoctoral program; DOE Energy Innovation Hub through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993] FX KAS acknowledges funding from the NIST-NRC postdoctoral program. RS was supported by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0004993. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 32 BP 20805 EP 20813 DI 10.1039/c5cp03045e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CO5ZU UT WOS:000359237800039 PM 26214401 ER PT J AU Li, XF AF Li Xiaofeng TI The first Sentinel-1 SAR image of a typhoon SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE SAR; Sentinel-1; MODIS; typhoon; sea surface wind ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ATMOSPHERIC VORTEX STREETS; OCEAN; HURRICANES; WAVES AB In this note, we present the first Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) typhoon image acquired in the northwest Pacific on October 4, 2014. The eye shape and sea surface wind patterns associated with Typhoon Phanfone are clearly shown in the high-quality SAR image. SAR winds retrieval procedure was given but the actual wind estimates will only be available after the European Space Agency (ESA) releases the official calibration coefficients in order to accurately derive the SAR-measured normalized radar cross section. This study demonstrates the advantage of Sentinel-1 SAR with regards to imaging fine scale typhoon patterns on the sea surface beneath storm clouds. This paper also advocates the use of Sentinel-1 SAR data that is made freely and openly available worldwide for the first time in civilian SAR history. C1 NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program FX The NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X EI 1869-1099 J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s13131-015-0589-8 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AY6MI UT WOS:000347679900001 ER PT J AU Zhang, SQ Han, GJ Xie, YF Ruiz, JJ AF Zhang, Shaoqing Han, Guijun Xie, Yuanfu Jose Ruiz, Juan TI Data Assimilation in Numerical Weather and Climate Models SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Han, Guijun] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jose Ruiz, Juan] Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Zhang, SQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov OI Zhang, Shaoqing/0000-0003-4085-9023 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 626893 DI 10.1155/2015/626893 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0EB UT WOS:000359547500001 ER PT J AU Fielding, MD Chiu, JC Hogan, RJ Feingold, G Eloranta, E O'Connor, EJ Cadeddu, MP AF Fielding, M. D. Chiu, J. C. Hogan, R. J. Feingold, G. Eloranta, E. O'Connor, E. J. Cadeddu, M. P. TI Joint retrievals of cloud and drizzle in marine boundary layer clouds using ground-based radar, lidar and zenith radiances SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; STRATUS CLOUD; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; DOPPLER RADAR; DROPLET SIZE; RAIN RATE AB Active remote sensing of marine boundary-layer clouds is challenging as drizzle drops often dominate the observed radar reflectivity. We present a new method to simultaneously retrieve cloud and drizzle vertical profiles in drizzling boundary-layer clouds using surface-based observations of radar reflectivity, lidar attenuated backscatter, and zenith radiances under conditions when precipitation does not reach the surface. Specifically, the vertical structure of droplet size and water content of both cloud and drizzle is characterised throughout the cloud. An ensemble optimal estimation approach provides full error statistics given the uncertainty in the observations. To evaluate the new method, we first perform retrievals using synthetic measurements from large-eddy simulation snapshots of cumulus under stratocumulus, where cloud water path is retrieved with an error of 31 g m(-2). The method also performs well in non-drizzling clouds where no assumption of the cloud profile is required. We then apply the method to observations of marine stratocumulus obtained during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement MAGIC deployment in the Northeast Pacific. Here, retrieved cloud water path agrees well with independent three-channel microwave radiometer retrievals, with a root mean square difference of 10-20 g m(-2). C1 [Fielding, M. D.; Chiu, J. C.; Hogan, R. J.; O'Connor, E. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Feingold, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Eloranta, E.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [O'Connor, E. J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Cadeddu, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fielding, MD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM m.d.fielding@pgr.reading.ac.uk RI Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; FU Office of Science (BER), DOE [DE-SC0006933, DE-SC0007233, DE-SC0011666] FX ARM data are made available online through the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program at http://www.archive.arm.gov. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), DOE under grants DE-SC0006933, DE-SC0007233 and DE-SC0011666. Huiwen Xue is thanked for producing the large eddy simulations. The authors would like to thank Ernie Lewis and all those involved in making MAGIC happen. We acknowledge Horizon Lines and the Captain and crew of the Horizon Spirit for their and their hospitality, and the AMF2 technicians who performed the measurements. In particular we would like to thank David Troyan and Tami Toto for ship movement correction and Laurie Gregory, Richard Wagener and Cimel Electronique for their help with deploying the Cimel sun photometer on the ship. NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2663 EP 2683 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2663-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9WA UT WOS:000358799900003 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Louie, SM AF Pettibone, John M. Louie, Stacey M. TI Research highlights: detecting, characterizing and quantifying the presence and impact of carbon nanomaterials in environmental systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Editorial Material ID C-60; FULLERENES; NANOPARTICLES; WATER AB Here, we highlight articles examining different aspects contributing to the fate and role of carbon nanomaterials in environmental systems by developing new insight through measurement methodologies or systematic approaches. The first study examined the role of dissolved organic matter on the colloidal stability of bare and functionalized fullerene and used tools that provide data on the change in size and structure of aggregates with changing media composition. The origin of the aggregates in aqueous media observed is further discussed from other computational and experimental work from other groups. Another study focuses on the development of new mass spectrometry methods for improved detection and quantification of these species in complex media, which provides methods to better assess current methods for detection and water processing. The last study examines the role of carbon nanomaterials in soils and sediments, which provides data on the roles different carbon nanomaterials have in the bioavailability of contaminants. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Louie, Stacey M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Louie, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stacey.louie@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2015 VL 2 IS 4 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1039/c5en90014j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0UO UT WOS:000358869200001 ER PT S AU Serafy, JE Shideler, GS Araujo, RJ AF Serafy, Joseph E. Shideler, Geoffrey S. Araujo, Rafael J. BE Murchie, KJ Daneshgar, PP TI A Preliminary Assessment of Caribbean Reef Fish Abundance in Relation to Mangrove Forest Area SO MANGROVES AS FISH HABITAT SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Mangroves as Fish Habitat CY APR 07-12, 2014 CL Mazatlan, MEXICO SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Western Div, Fisheries Conservat Fdn, Ambata Capital Partners, Monmouth Univ, Bahamas Natl Trust, Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Cape Eleuthera Inst, Amer Fisheries Soc, Estuaries Sec, Ecologists Without Borders, Sustainable Fisheries Fdn, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico ID COMMUNITIES C1 [Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.; Shideler, Geoffrey S.; Araujo, Rafael J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jserafy@rsmas.miami.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-42-4 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 83 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BD2JT UT WOS:000358811200004 ER PT J AU Coutre, KM Beaudreau, AH Malecha, PW AF Coutre, K. M. Beaudreau, A. H. Malecha, P. W. TI Temporal Variation in Diet Composition and Use of Pulsed Resource Subsidies by Juvenile Sablefish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; PACIFIC SALMON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; CLUPEA-PALLASI; OCEAN CLIMATE; NORTHERN GULF; BERING-SEA AB Pulsed resources create an influx of energy that can provide individual and population level benefits to their consumers. As consumers, Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria experience strong seasonal pulses in prey resources during their critical period of juvenile growth in the nearshore marine environment. This study described temporal patterns in diet composition of Sablefish (N = 1,081) ranging in size from 226 to 455 mm FL during July and September in St. John Baptist Bay, Alaska. Juvenile Sablefish exploited a large variety of prey taxa characteristic of a generalist predator and experienced significant diet shifts among sampling periods revealing seasonal and interannual variation in resource use. Diets appeared more diverse in 2012 when more invertebrate taxa were consumed compared with 2013 when diets were dominated by herring and salmonid offal. In September of both years, spawning Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha were observed within the study area and juvenile Sablefish capitalized on this high energy subsidy, and salmon carcasses were among the top contributors to their diets by weight. However, Sablefish also exploited in situ prey of lower energy, such as benthic invertebrates, suggesting that Sablefish are not entirely reliant on seasonally pulsed, high-energy prey. This study further emphasizes the significance of salmon as a vector of energy across ecosystems and is one of the first to document a marine teleost species scavenging on adult salmon carcasses in coastal marine waters. C1 [Coutre, K. M.; Beaudreau, A. H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Malecha, P. W.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Coutre, KM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM kmcoutre@alaska.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research FX This publication is the result, in part, of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. Additional funding was provided by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The authors thank F. Mueter for invaluable discussion and feedback. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments improved the paper. Also, thanks to K. Echave, D. Hanselman, P. Rigby, C. Rodgveller, B. Mecum, K. Fenske, N. Richardson, M. Chan, and S. Fouse for excellent field help, laboratory assistance, and feedback. Thanks to Sitka Sound Science Center, Island-view Charters, and the Sitka Fine Arts Camp for providing housing and resources necessary for sampling trips. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 807 EP 819 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1037015 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700013 ER PT J AU David, SR Kik, RS Diana, JS Rutherford, ES Wiley, MJ AF David, Solomon R. Kik, Richard S. Diana, James S. Rutherford, Edward S. Wiley, Michael J. TI Evidence of Countergradient Variation in Growth of Spotted Gars from Core and Peripheral Populations SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDES; WINTER MORTALITY; LARGEMOUTH BASS; GROWING-SEASON; REACTION NORMS AB Peripheral populations occupy the edge of a species' range and may exhibit adaptations to potentially "harsher" marginal environments compared with core populations. The peripheral population of Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus in the Great Lakes basin represents the northern edge of the species' range and is completely disjunct from the core Mississippi River basin population. Age-0 Spotted Gars from the peripheral population experience a growing season approximately half that of the core population but reach similar sizes by winter, suggesting potential for countergradient variation in growth, i.e. an evolutionary response to an environmental gradient such as latitude to compensate for the usual phenotypic effect of that gradient. In this study we used two common garden experiments to investigate potential countergradient variation in growth of young-of-year Spotted Gars from peripheral populations in comparison with those from core populations. Our first experiment showed that in a common environment under temperatures within the first growing season (22-24 degrees C), Spotted Gars from the peripheral population had significantly higher growth rates than those from the core population. Final Spotted Gar weight-length ratio was also higher in the peripheral versus core population. In our second experiment, under three temperature treatments (16, 23, and 30 degrees C), maximum growth occurred at the highest temperature, whereas growth ceased at the lowest temperature for both populations. These results suggest that important genetic and physiological differences could exist between the two population groups, consistent with countergradient variation. Our findings indicate that countergradient growth variation can occur even in relatively slowly evolving fishes, such as gars (family Lepisosteidae), and that protection of peripheral populations should be a key component of fish conservation planning. C1 [David, Solomon R.] John G Shedd Aquarium, Daniel P Haerther Ctr Conservat & Res, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Kik, Richard S.] Belle Isle Conservancy, Detroit, MI 48214 USA. [Diana, James S.; Wiley, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP David, SR (reprint author), John G Shedd Aquarium, Daniel P Haerther Ctr Conservat & Res, 1200 South Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM sdavid@sheddaquarium.org FU University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; North American Native Fishes Association; Fish Doctors Ypsilanti FX Funding and support for this project were provided in part by the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, North American Native Fishes Association, and Fish Doctors Ypsilanti. This is National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution 1759. We thank Quenton Fontenot and Allyse Ferrara of Nicholls State University for their expertise on gar spawning, as well as for the gar embryos from core populations. We also thank Brad Utrup, Madison Schaeffer, and Joe Nohner for assistance with common garden experiments and Barry OConnor for manuscript review. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 4 BP 837 EP 850 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1040523 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CO0PP UT WOS:000358854700016 ER PT J AU Gulak, SJB Santiago, AJD Carlson, JK AF Gulak, S. J. B. Santiago, A. J. de Ron Carlson, J. K. TI Hooking mortality of scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and great hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran sharks caught on bottom longlines SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sharks International Conference CY JUN, 2014 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA DE bycatch; hook timer; logistic regression; soak time; time on the hook ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; STOCK ASSESSMENT; CIRCLE HOOKS; RELEASE; FISHERIES; ATLANTIC; WATER AB The scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and the great hammerhead S. mokarran are typically caught as bycatch in a variety of fisheries and are listed as globally Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Due to very high at-vessel mortality for these species, research is needed on fishing methods to reduce mortality for longline-captured sharks. A series of fishing experiments were conducted employing hook timers and temperature-depth recorders on contracted commercial vessels fishing with bottom-longline gear to assess factors related to mortality. A total of 273 sets were deployed with 54 485 hook timers. Scalloped and great hammerheads had at-vessel mortality rates of 62.9% and 56.0%, respectively. Median hooking times for scalloped and great hammerheads were 3.5 h and 3.4 h, respectively, and 50% mortality was predicted at 3.5 h and 3.8 h. When these data are considered for potential management strategies to reduce the mortality of hammerhead sharks, a limitation on gear soak time would probably improve hammerhead shark survivorship. However, it may prove to be difficult for a fishery to remain economically viable if the soak time is limited to less than the median hooking time for the target species. Additional management options, such as time/area closures, may need to be explored to reduce bycatch mortality of scalloped and great hammerheads. C1 [Gulak, S. J. B.; Santiago, A. J. de Ron] Riverside Technol Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL USA. [Carlson, J. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)-Cooperative Research Program and Highly Migratory Species Office FX We acknowledge funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)-Cooperative Research Program and Highly Migratory Species Office. We thank Jeff Lange, Brooks Doughtie, Jim Patterson, Michael Enzenauer and the other fisheries observers who helped collect data for this study. We also appreciate the cooperation of vessels in the NMFS Shark Research Fishery. Dean Courtney and Ivy Baremore helped with the use of the R statistical package. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 29 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1814-232X EI 1814-2338 J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PY 2015 VL 37 IS 2 SI SI BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.2989/1814232X.2015.1026842 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CN8DA UT WOS:000358666800014 ER PT J AU Prager, KC Alt, DP Buhnerkempe, MG Greig, DJ Galloway, RL Wu, QZ Gulland, FMD Lloyd-Smith, JO AF Prager, K. C. Alt, David P. Buhnerkempe, Michael G. Greig, Denise J. Galloway, Renee L. Wu, Qingzhong Gulland, Frances M. D. Lloyd-Smith, James O. TI Antibiotic Efficacy in Eliminating Leptospiruria in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) Stranding with Leptospirosis SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; California sea lion; Zalophus californianus; Leptospira interrogans; leptospiruria; renal disease; chronic shedding ID INTERROGANS SEROVAR POMONA; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; DIAGNOSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; COAST; PCR; SEROPREVALENCE; DOXYCYCLINE; PINNIPEDS; THERAPY AB Stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) along the California coast have been diagnosed with leptospirosis every year since at least the 1980s. Between September 2010 and November 2011, we followed 14 stranded California sea lions that survived to release and evaluated antibiotic efficacy in eliminating leptospiruria (urinary shedding of leptospires). Leptospiruria was assessed by real-time PCR of urine and urine culture, with persistence assessed using longitudinally collected samples. Serum chemistry was used to assess recovery of normal renal function. Microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) was performed to assess serum anti-Leptospira antibody titers, and the MAT reactivity patterns were consistent with L. interrogans serovar Pomona infection frequently observed in this population. Animals were initially treated for 6 to 16 d (median = 10.5; mean = 10.8) with antibiotics from the penicillin family, with some receiving additional antibiotics to treat other medical conditions. All urine cultures were negative; therefore, the presence of leptospiruria was assessed using PCR. Leptospiruria continued beyond the initial course of penicillin family antibiotics in 13 of the 14 sea lions, beyond the last antibiotic dose in 11 of the 14 sea lions, beyond recovery of renal function in 13 of the 14 sea lions, and persisted for at least 8 to 86 d (median = 45; mean = 46.8). Five animals were released with no negative urine PCR results detected; thus, their total shedding duration may have been longer. Cessation of leptospiruria was more likely in animals that received antibiotics for a greater duration, especially if coverage was uninterrupted. Real-time PCR results indicate that an antibiotic protocol commonly used to treat leptospirosis in rehabilitating California sea lions does not eliminate leptospiruria. It is possible that antibiotic protocols given for a longer duration and/or including other antibiotics may be effective in eliminating leptospiruria. These results may have important human and animal health implications, especially in rehabilitation facilities, as Leptospira transmission may occur through contact with animals with persistent leptospiruria. C1 [Prager, K. C.; Buhnerkempe, Michael G.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prager, K. C.; Buhnerkempe, Michael G.; Lloyd-Smith, James O.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Alt, David P.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Greig, Denise J.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Galloway, Renee L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wu, Qingzhong] Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Prager, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kcprager@ucla.edu RI Lloyd-Smith, James/K-4080-2012 OI Lloyd-Smith, James/0000-0001-7941-502X FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-1335657]; De Logi Chair in Biological Sciences; RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program; the National Science Foundation (OCE-1335657); the De Logi Chair in Biological Sciences; and the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the staff and volunteers at The Marine Mammal Center in Sausalito, California, as they were integral to sample collection, sample management, and treatment choice, particularly Jen Soper, Carlos Rios, and William Van Bonn. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1578/AM.41.2.2015.203 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CN3AZ UT WOS:000358296900008 ER PT J AU Liu, J Scheuer, E Dibb, J Diskin, GS Ziemba, LD Thornhill, KL Anderson, BE Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Devi, JJ Bergin, M Perring, AE Markovic, MZ Schwarz, JP Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Jimenez, JL Weber, RJ AF Liu, J. Scheuer, E. Dibb, J. Diskin, G. S. Ziemba, L. D. Thornhill, K. L. Anderson, B. E. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Devi, J. J. Bergin, M. Perring, A. E. Markovic, M. Z. Schwarz, J. P. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. Jimenez, J. L. Weber, R. J. TI Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANGSTROM EXPONENT AB Chemical components of organic aerosol (OA) selectively absorb light at short wavelengths. In this study, the prevalence, sources, and optical importance of this so-called brown carbon (BrC) aerosol component are investigated throughout the North American continental tropospheric column during a summer of extensive biomass burning. Spectrophotometric absorption measurements on extracts of bulk aerosol samples collected from an aircraft over the central USA were analyzed to directly quantify BrC abundance. BrC was found to be prevalent throughout the 1 to 12 km altitude measurement range, with dramatic enhancements in biomass-burning plumes. BrC to black carbon (BC) ratios, under background tropospheric conditions, increased with altitude, consistent with a corresponding increase in the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) determined from a three-wavelength particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP). The sum of inferred BC absorption and measured BrC absorption at 365 nm was within 3% of the measured PSAP absorption for background conditions and 22% for biomass burning. A radiative transfer model showed that BrC absorption reduced top-of-atmosphere (TOA) aerosol forcing by similar to 20% in the background troposphere. Extensive radiative model simulations applying this study background tropospheric conditions provided a look-up chart for determining radiative forcing efficiencies of BrC as a function of a surface-measured BrC : BC ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA). The chart is a first attempt to provide a tool for better assessment of brown carbon's forcing effect when one is limited to only surface data. These results indicate that BrC is an important contributor to direct aerosol radiative forcing. C1 [Liu, J.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Scheuer, E.; Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.; Thornhill, K. L.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Devi, J. J.; Bergin, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Perring, A. E.; Markovic, M. Z.; Schwarz, J. P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perring, A. E.; Markovic, M. Z.; Schwarz, J. P.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU GIT NASA [NNX12AB83G, NNX08AH80G]; UNH NASA [NNX12AB80G]; NASA [NNX12AC03G] FX This project was funded by GIT NASA contracts NNX12AB83G and NNX08AH80G and UNH NASA contract NNX12AB80G. Acetonitrile measurements onboard the DC-8 were supported by BMVIT/FFG-ALR and the NASA Postdoctoral Program. P. Campuzano-Jost, D. A. Day, and J. L. Jimenez were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G. The authors thank the DC3 personnel for logistical support. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 7841 EP 7858 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7841-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000007 ER PT J AU Veres, PR Roberts, JM Wild, RJ Edwards, PM Brown, SS Bates, TS Quinn, PK Johnson, JE Zamora, RJ de Gouw, J AF Veres, P. R. Roberts, J. M. Wild, R. J. Edwards, P. M. Brown, S. S. Bates, T. S. Quinn, P. K. Johnson, J. E. Zamora, R. J. de Gouw, J. TI Peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) measurements during the UBWOS 2013 and 2014 studies using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; SOUTH-POLE; PERNITRIC ACID; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; OZONE PRODUCTION; ISCAT 2000; CHEMISTRY; OH AB In this paper laboratory work is documented establishing iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I- CIMS) as a sensitive method for the unambiguous detection of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2; PNA). A dynamic calibration source for HO2NO2, HO2, and HONO was developed and calibrated using a novel total NOy cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CaRDS) detector. Photochemical sources of these species were used for the calibration and validation of the I- CIMS instrument for detection of HO2NO2. Ambient observations of HO2NO2 using I- CIMS during the 2013 and 2014 Uintah Basin Wintertime Ozone Study (UBWOS) are presented. Strong inversions leading to a build-up of many primary and secondary pollutants as well as low temperatures drove daytime HO2NO2 as high as 1.5 ppbv during the 2013 study. A comparison of HO2NO2 observations to mixing ratios predicted using a chemical box model describing an ozone formation event observed during the 2013 wintertime shows agreement in the daily maxima HO2NO2 mixing ratio, but a differences of several hours in the timing of the observed maxima. Observations of vertical gradients suggest that the ground snow surface potentially serves as both a net sink and source of HO2NO2 depending on the time of day. Sensitivity tests using a chemical box model indicate that the lifetime of HO2NO2 with respect to deposition has a non-negligible impact on ozone production rates on the order of 10 %. C1 [Veres, P. R.; Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.; Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; Brown, S. S.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bates, T. S.; Johnson, J. E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Oceans & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zamora, R. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Veres, PR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.veres@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Edwards, Peter M./H-5236-2013 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Edwards, Peter M./0000-0002-1076-6793 FU Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah State University; Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle program; Questar Energy Products FX The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a joint project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and supported by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Utah State University. This work was funded in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle program. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8101 EP 8114 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8101-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000022 ER PT J AU Molina, L Broquet, G Imbach, P Chevallier, F Poulter, B Bonal, D Burban, B Ramonet, M Gatti, LV Wofsy, SC Munger, JW Dlugokencky, E Ciais, P AF Molina, L. Broquet, G. Imbach, P. Chevallier, F. Poulter, B. Bonal, D. Burban, B. Ramonet, M. Gatti, L. V. Wofsy, S. C. Munger, J. W. Dlugokencky, E. Ciais, P. TI On the ability of a global atmospheric inversion to constrain variations of CO2 fluxes over Amazonia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORESTS GREEN-UP; RAIN-FOREST; CARBON BALANCE; SOUTH-AMERICA; DRY SEASON; DROUGHT SENSITIVITY; SYNOPTIC VARIATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; TRENDS AB The exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and the Amazon basin have global implications for the current and future climate. Here, the global atmospheric inversion system of the Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) service is used to study the seasonal and interannual variations of biogenic CO2 fluxes in Amazonia during the period 2002-2010. The system assimilated surface measurements of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions made at more than 100 sites over the globe into an atmospheric transport model. The present study adds measurements from four surface stations located in tropical South America, a region poorly covered by CO2 observations. The estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) optimized by the inversion are compared to an independent estimate of NEE upscaled from eddy-covariance flux measurements in Amazonia. They are also qualitatively evaluated against reports on the seasonal and interannual variations of the land sink in South America from the scientific literature. We attempt at assessing the impact on NEE of the strong droughts in 2005 and 2010 (due to severe and longer-than-usual dry seasons) and the extreme rainfall conditions registered in 2009. The spatial variations of the seasonal and interannual variability of optimized NEE are also investigated. While the inversion supports the assumption of strong spatial heterogeneity of these variations, the results reveal critical limitations of the coarse-resolution transport model, the surface observation network in South America during the recent years and the present knowledge of modelling uncertainties in South America that prevent our inversion from capturing the seasonal patterns of fluxes across Amazonia. However, some patterns from the inversion seem consistent with the anomaly of moisture conditions in 2009. C1 [Molina, L.; Broquet, G.; Chevallier, F.; Ramonet, M.; Ciais, P.] IPSL, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Imbach, P.] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr, Climate Change Program, Turrialba 30501, Cartago, Costa Rica. [Poulter, B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bonal, D.] INRA, UMR EEF, F-54280 Champenoux, France. [Gatti, L. V.] CNEN, IPEN, Lab Quim Atmosfer, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Wofsy, S. C.; Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burban, B.] INRA, UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana. [Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Molina, L (reprint author), IPSL, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM luis.molina@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012 OI Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; FU French Ministry of Research; INRA; CNES; French ANR [CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025]; European Commission under the EU [283080]; ARIA Technologies; Thales Alenia Space; Veolia; CEA; UVSQ; CNRS FX We would like to thank Martin Jung (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry) for the access to the upscaled NEE data. Data recorded at the GUY site were obtained in the framework of the GUYAFLUX project funded by the French Ministry of Research, INRA, and the CNES in the framework of the PO Feder Region Guyane. The GUYAFLUX project also received support from an Investissement d'Avenir grants of the French ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025). This study was co-funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 283080, Geocarbon project) and ARIA Technologies. G. Broquet acknowledges funding and support from the Chaire industrielle BridGES, a joint research program between Thales Alenia Space, Veolia, CEA, UVSQ and CNRS. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8423 EP 8438 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8423-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000036 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Sun, JY Shen, XJ Zhang, YM Che, H Ma, QL Zhang, YW Zhang, XY Ogren, JA AF Zhang, L. Sun, J. Y. Shen, X. J. Zhang, Y. M. Che, H. Ma, Q. L. Zhang, Y. W. Zhang, X. Y. Ogren, J. A. TI Observations of relative humidity effects on aerosol light scattering in the Yangtze River Delta of China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; DUST PARTICLES; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; HUMIDIFICATION FACTORS; MONITORING SITES; REGIONAL AEROSOL AB Scattering of solar radiation by aerosol particles is highly dependent on relative humidity (RH) as hygroscopic particles take up water with increasing RH. To achieve a better understanding of the effect of aerosol hygroscopic growth on light scattering properties and radiative forcing, the aerosol scattering coefficients at RH in the range of 40 to similar to 90% were measured using a humidified nephelometer system in the Yangtze River Delta of China in March 2013. In addition, the aerosol size distribution and chemical composition were measured. During the observation period, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of enhancement factors at RH = 85% for the scattering coefficient (f(85 %)), backscattering coefficient (f(b)(85 %)), and hemispheric backscatter fraction (f(beta)(85 %)) were 1.58 +/- 0.12, 1.25 +/- 0.07, and 0.79 +/- 0.04, respectively, i.e., aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by 58 and 25% as the RH increased from 40 to 85 %. Concurrently, the aerosol hemispheric backscatter fraction decreased by 21 %. The relative amount of organic matter (OM) or inorganics in PM1 was found to be a main factor determining the magnitude of f (RH). The highest values of f (RH) corresponded to the aerosols with a small fraction of OM, and vice versa. The relative amount of NO3- in fine particles was strongly correlated with f (85 %), which suggests that NO3- played a vital role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during this study. The mass fraction of nitrate also had a close relationship to the curvature of the humidograms; higher mass fractions of nitrate were associated with humidograms that had the least curvature. Aerosol hygroscopic growth caused a 47% increase in the calculated aerosol direct radiative forcing at 85% RH, compared to the forcing at 40% RH. C1 [Zhang, L.; Sun, J. Y.; Shen, X. J.; Zhang, Y. M.; Che, H.; Zhang, Y. W.; Zhang, X. Y.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Atmospher Composit, Key Lab Atmospher Chem CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, L.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Sun, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Ma, Q. L.] Linan Reg Atmosphere Background Stn, Linan 311307, Peoples R China. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sun, JY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Atmospher Composit, Key Lab Atmospher Chem CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM jysun@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403401]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475118, 41175113]; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project [2009DFA22800]; CAMS Basis Research Project [2013Z007, 2013Y004]; Meteorological Special Project of China [GYHY-200906038, GYHY201206037]; CMA Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecasts FX This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB403401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41475118, 41175113), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2009DFA22800), CAMS Basis Research Project (2013Z007, 2013Y004), and the Meteorological Special Project of China (GYHY-200906038, GYHY201206037). This paper is partially supported by the CMA Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecasts. The authors would also like to thank the Lin'an observational station staff for their support. The authors thank D. Covert of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, USA, for useful discussions. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8439 EP 8454 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8439-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000037 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Brock, CA Angevine, WM Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA de Gouw, JA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Graus, MG Holloway, JS Huey, G Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Liu, X Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Mikoviny, T Peischl, J Perring, AE Richardson, MS Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Warneke, C Welti, A Wisthaler, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Wagner, N. L. Brock, C. A. Angevine, W. M. Beyersdorf, A. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. de Gouw, J. A. Diskin, G. S. Gordon, T. D. Graus, M. G. Holloway, J. S. Huey, G. Jimenez, J. L. Lack, D. A. Liao, J. Liu, X. Markovic, M. Z. Middlebrook, A. M. Mikoviny, T. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Richardson, M. S. Ryerson, T. B. Schwarz, J. P. Warneke, C. Welti, A. Wisthaler, A. Ziemba, L. D. Murphy, D. M. TI In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC(4)RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft (vol 15, pg 7085, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Angevine, W. M.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beyersdorf, A.; Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Welti, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8455 EP 8455 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8455-2015 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000038 ER PT J AU Meyer, J Rolf, C Schiller, C Rohs, S Spelten, N Afchine, A Zoger, M Sitnikov, N Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Bozoki, Z Tatrai, D Ebert, V Kuhnreich, B Mackrodt, P Mohler, O Saathoff, H Rosenlof, KH Kramer, M AF Meyer, J. Rolf, C. Schiller, C. Rohs, S. Spelten, N. Afchine, A. Zoeger, M. Sitnikov, N. Thornberry, T. D. Rollins, A. W. Bozoki, Z. Tatrai, D. Ebert, V. Kuehnreich, B. Mackrodt, P. Moehler, O. Saathoff, H. Rosenlof, K. H. Kraemer, M. TI Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID UPPER TROPOSPHERE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; OPEN-PATH; STRATOSPHERE; CIRRUS; ICE; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SATELLITE AB For almost two decades, the airborne Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer (FISH) has stood for accurate and precise measurements of total water mixing ratios (WMR, gas phase + evaporated ice) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Here, we present a comprehensive review of the measurement technique (Lyman-alpha photofragment fluorescence), calibration procedure, accuracy and reliability of FISH. Crucial for FISH measurement quality is the regular calibration to a water vapor reference, namely the commercial frost-point hygrometer DP30. In the frame of this work this frost-point hygrometer is compared to German and British traceable metrological water standards and its accuracy is found to be 2-4 %. Overall, in the range from 4 to 1000 ppmv, the total accuracy of FISH was found to be 6-8 %, as stated in previous publications. For lower mixing ratios down to 1 ppmv, the uncertainty reaches a lower limit of 0.3 ppmv. For specific, non-atmospheric conditions, as set in experiments at the AIDA chamber - namely mixing ratios below 10 and above 100 ppmv in combination with high-and low-pressure conditions - the need to apply a modified FISH calibration evaluation has been identified. The new evaluation improves the agreement of FISH with other hygrometers to +/- 10% accuracy in the respective mixing ratio ranges. Furthermore, a quality check procedure for high total water measurements in cirrus clouds at high pressures (400-500 hPa) is introduced. The performance of FISH in the field is assessed by reviewing inter-comparisons of FISH water vapor data with other in situ and remote sensing hygrometers over the last two decades. We find that the agreement of FISH with the other hygrometers has improved over that time span from overall up to +/- 30% or more to about +/- 5-20% @ < 10 ppmv and to +/- 0-15% @ >10 ppmv. As presented here, the robust and continuous calibration and operation procedures of the FISH instrument over the last two decades establish the position of FISH as one of the core instruments for in situ observations of water vapor in the UT/LS. C1 [Meyer, J.; Rolf, C.; Schiller, C.; Rohs, S.; Spelten, N.; Afchine, A.; Kraemer, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Rohs, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Zoeger, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, FX, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Sitnikov, N.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia. [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bozoki, Z.; Tatrai, D.] Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, Szeged, Hungary. [Bozoki, Z.; Tatrai, D.] MTA SZTE Res Grp Photoacoust Spect, Szeged, Hungary. [Ebert, V.; Kuehnreich, B.; Mackrodt, P.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Ebert, V.; Kuehnreich, B.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Reakt Stromungen & Messtech, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Moehler, O.; Saathoff, H.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK AAF, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Rolf, C (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM c.rolf@fz-juelich.de RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Rohs, Susanne/K-1483-2016; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; zoltan, Bozoki/0000-0003-3638-9524; Rohs, Susanne/0000-0001-5473-2934; Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054; THORNBERRY, TROY/0000-0001-7478-1944 NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 14 BP 8521 EP 8538 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9VS UT WOS:000358799000042 ER PT J AU Vogl, GW Donmez, MA AF Vogl, Gregory W. Donmez, M. A. TI A defect-driven diagnostic method for machine tool spindles SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spindle; Condition monitoring; Vibration; Machine tools AB Simple vibration-based metrics are, in many cases, insufficient to diagnose machine tool spindle condition. These metrics couple defect-based motion with spindle dynamics; diagnostics should be defect-driven. A new method and spindle condition estimation device (SCED) were developed to acquire data and to separate system dynamics from defect geometry. Based on this method, a spindle condition metric relying only on defect geometry is proposed. Application of the SCED on various milling and turning spindles shows that the new approach is robust for diagnosing the machine tool spindle condition. (c) 2015 CIRP. C1 [Vogl, Gregory W.; Donmez, M. A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, GW (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gvogl@nist.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 EI 1726-0604 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2015 VL 64 IS 1 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2015.04.103 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA CN6OQ UT WOS:000358554500095 PM 28065985 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Wang, HL Wu, H Yildirim, T Zhou, W Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Wang, Hailong Wu, Hui Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin TI Porous metal-organic frameworks with Lewis basic nitrogen sites for high-capacity methane storage SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-STORAGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WORKING CAPACITY; BUILDING UNITS; CO2 BINDING; PORE-SPACE; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB The use of porous materials to store/deliver natural gas (mostly methane) in vehicles requires large amounts of methane being stored per unit volume. In this work, we report several porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with NOTT-101 type structures, containing Lewis basic nitrogen sites through the incorporation of pyridine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine groups into the organic linkers. They exhibit significantly higher total volumetric methane storage capacities (similar to 249-257 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at room temperature (RT) and 65 bar) than NOTT-101a (here the MOF abbreviation with "a'' at the end represents the fully activated MOF). The most significant enhancement was observed on UTSA-76a with functional pyrimidine groups (237 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) in NOTT-101a vs. 257 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) in UTSA-76a). Several multivariate (MTV) MOFs constructed from two types of organic linkers (pyrimidine-functionalized and unfunctionalized) also show systematically improved methane storage capacities with increasing percentage of functionalized organic linkers. The immobilized functional groups have nearly no effect on the methane uptakes at 5 bar but significantly improve the methane storage capacities at 65 bar, so the reported MOFs exhibit excellent methane storage working capacities of similar to 188-197 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3). C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Wang, Hailong; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Li, B (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 26 U2 99 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2504 EP 2511 DI 10.1039/c5ee01531f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN8XZ UT WOS:000358730600028 ER PT J AU Wang, XZ Zhang, HG Li, XF Fu, B Guan, WB AF Wang, Xiaozhen Zhang, Huaguo Li, Xiaofeng Fu, Bin Guan, Weibing TI SAR imaging of a topography-induced current front in a tidal channel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MODEL; CIRCULATION; BATHYMETRY; MECHANISM; IMAGES; WAVES; SEA AB A quasi-linear dark-bright feature was observed on a TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image acquired in the area of Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, on 25 October 2010. Examining the detailed local bathymetry chart, we find that the feature is collocated with major axis of Lingding Channel in the waterway of PRE. In the study, we first run a 3-D hydrodynamic model to simulate the tidal currents within PRE, and then used the simulated current and local wind data as input to run a radar simulation model to calculate the variation of normalized radar cross section induced by these parameters. Ocean model simulation shows that surface currents were parallel to the major axis of the channel at the satellite overpass time. Radar model simulation results show good agreement between the simulated and actual SAR images. The quasi-linear dark-bright feature on the SAR image was found to be due to the surface current convergence and divergence caused by the bathymetry-induced tidal current variation. C1 [Wang, Xiaozhen; Zhang, Huaguo; Fu, Bin; Guan, Weibing] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaozhen] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, GTS, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, HG (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM zhanghg@sio.org.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Marine Scientific Public Welfare Research Special Foundation [201105001]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41276083, 91128204]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Program; NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme FX This work was supported by the Marine Scientific Public Welfare Research Special Foundation [201105001]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41276083, 91128204]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Program. This work was also supported by the NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3563 EP 3574 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2015.1043757 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CN8UK UT WOS:000358719900001 ER PT S AU Teran, M Martin, V Gesa, L Mateos, I Gibert, F Karnesis, N Ramos-Castro, J Schwarze, TS Gerberding, O Heinzel, G Guzman, F Nofrarias, M AF Teran, M. Martin, V. Gesa, Ll Mateos, I. Gibert, F. Karnesis, N. Ramos-Castro, J. Schwarze, T. S. Gerberding, O. Heinzel, G. Guzman, F. Nofrarias, M. GP IOP TI Towards a FPGA-controlled deep phase modulation interferometer SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL LISA SYMPOSIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International LISA Symposium CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Inst High Energy Phys & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Off Sponsored Res HO Univ Florida AB Deep phase modulation interferometry was proposed as a method to enhance homodyne interferometers to work over many fringes. In this scheme, a sinusoidal phase modulation is applied in one arm while the demodulation takes place as a post-processing step. In this contribution we report on the development to implement this scheme in a fiber coupled interferometer controlled by means of a FPGA, which includes a LEON3 soft-core processor. The latter acts as a CPU and executes a custom made application to communicate with a host PC. In contrast to usual FPGA-based designs, this implementation allows a real-time fine tuning of the parameters involved in the setup, from the control to the post-processing parameters. C1 [Teran, M.; Martin, V.; Gesa, Ll; Mateos, I.; Gibert, F.; Karnesis, N.; Nofrarias, M.] CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra, Spain. [Ramos-Castro, J.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Schwarze, T. S.; Gerberding, O.; Heinzel, G.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, Hannover, Germany. [Guzman, F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Teran, M (reprint author), CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra, Spain. EM nofrarias@ice.cat RI Nofrarias, Miquel/N-6249-2015 OI Nofrarias, Miquel/0000-0003-1518-2196 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 610 AR 012042 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/610/1/012042 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD1MF UT WOS:000358149000042 ER PT S AU Centrone, A AF Centrone, Andrea BE Cooks, RG Pemberton, JE TI Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy Beyond the Diffraction Limit SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 8 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE s-SNOM; PTIR; resonance-enhanced AFM-IR; nanoscale infrared spectroscopy; nanomaterials; chemical composition ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; PTIR TECHNIQUE AB Progress in nanotechnology is enabled by and dependent on the availability of measurement methods with spatial resolution commensurate with nanomaterials' length scales. Chemical imaging techniques, such as scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), have provided scientists with means of extracting rich chemical and structural information with nanoscale resolution. This review presents some basics of infrared spectroscopy and microscopy, followed by detailed descriptions of s-SNOM and PTIR working principles. Nanoscale spectra are compared with far-field macroscale spectra, which are widely used for chemical identification. Selected examples illustrate either technical aspects of the measurements or applications in materials science. Central to this review is the ability to record nanoscale infrared spectra because, although chemical maps enable immediate visualization, the spectra provide information to interpret the images and characterize the sample. The growing breadth of nanomaterials and biological applications suggest rapid growth for this field. C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov NR 151 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 55 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4408-5 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2015 VL 8 BP 101 EP 126 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040435 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BD1WZ UT WOS:000358482400006 PM 26001952 ER PT J AU Feingold, G Koren, I Yamaguchi, T Kazil, J AF Feingold, G. Koren, I. Yamaguchi, T. Kazil, J. TI On the reversibility of transitions between closed and open cellular convection SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD-PRECIPITATION SYSTEM; OPEN CELLS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; VOCALS-REX; AEROSOL; MODEL; DRIZZLE AB The two-way transition between closed and open cellular convection is addressed in an idealized cloud-resolving modeling framework. A series of cloud-resolving simulations shows that the transition between closed and open cellular states is asymmetrical and characterized by a rapid ("runaway") transition from the closed-to the open-cell state but slower recovery to the closed-cell state. Given that precipitation initiates the closed-open cell transition and that the recovery requires a suppression of the precipitation, we apply an ad hoc time-varying drop concentration to initiate and suppress precipitation. We show that the asymmetry in the two-way transition occurs even for very rapid drop concentration replenishment. The primary barrier to recovery is the loss in turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) associated with the loss in cloud water (and associated radiative cooling) and the vertical stratification of the boundary layer during the open-cell period. In transitioning from the open to the closed state, the system faces the task of replenishing cloud water fast enough to counter precipitation losses, such that it can generate radiative cooling and TKE. It is hampered by a stable layer below cloud base that has to be overcome before water vapor can be transported more efficiently into the cloud layer. Recovery to the closed-cell state is slower when radiative cooling is inefficient such as in the presence of free tropospheric clouds or after sunrise, when it is hampered by the absorption of shortwave radiation. Tests suggest that recovery to the closed-cell state is faster when the drizzle is smaller in amount and of shorter duration, i.e., when the precipitation causes less boundary layer stratification. Cloud-resolving model results on recovery rates are supported by simulations with a simple predator-prey dynamical system analogue. It is suggested that the observed closing of open cells by ship effluent likely occurs when aerosol intrusions are large, when contact comes prior to the heaviest drizzle in the early morning hours, and when the free troposphere is cloud free. C1 [Feingold, G.; Yamaguchi, T.; Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. [Yamaguchi, T.; Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [306965] FX G. Feingold, T. Yamaguchi, and J. Kazil are funded by NOAA's Climate Goal and the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program. I. Koren is funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement number [306965]. The authors are most grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for sharing his System for Atmospheric Modeling and to P. Blossey for his help with the RRTM code integration. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7351 EP 7367 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7351-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300013 ER PT J AU Kaiser, J Wolfe, GM Min, KE Brown, SS Miller, CC Jacob, DJ deGouw, JA Graus, M Hanisco, TF Holloway, J Peischl, J Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Washenfelder, RA Keutsch, FN AF Kaiser, J. Wolfe, G. M. Min, K. E. Brown, S. S. Miller, C. C. Jacob, D. J. deGouw, J. A. Graus, M. Hanisco, T. F. Holloway, J. Peischl, J. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Warneke, C. Washenfelder, R. A. Keutsch, F. N. TI Reassessing the ratio of glyoxal to formaldehyde as an indicator of hydrocarbon precursor speciation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; GAS-PHASE; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MODEL DESCRIPTION; FINE-PARTICLE; AIR-POLLUTION AB The yield of formaldehyde (HCHO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) depends on precursor VOC structure and the concentration of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2). Previous work has proposed that the ratio of CHOCHO to HCHO (R-GF) can be used as an indicator of precursor VOC speciation, and absolute concentrations of the CHOCHO and HCHO as indicators of NOx. Because this metric is measurable by satellite, it is potentially useful on a global scale; however, absolute values and trends in R-GF have differed between satellite and ground-based observations. To investigate potential causes of previous discrepancies and the usefulness of this ratio, we present measurements of CHOCHO and HCHO over the southeastern United States (SE US) from the 2013 SENEX (Southeast Nexus) flight campaign, and compare these measurements with OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite retrievals. High time-resolution flight measurements show that high R-GF is associated with monoterpene emissions, low R-GF is associated with isoprene oxidation, and emissions associated with oil and gas production can lead to small-scale variation in regional R-GF. During the summertime in the SE US, R-GF is not a reliable diagnostic of anthropogenic VOC emissions, as HCHO and CHOCHO production are dominated by isoprene oxidation. Our results show that the new CHOCHO retrieval algorithm reduces the previous disagreement between satellite and in situ R-GF observations. As the absolute values and trends in R-GF observed during SENEX are largely reproduced by OMI observations, we conclude that satellite-based observations of R-GF can be used alongside knowledge of land use as a global diagnostic of dominant hydrocarbon speciation. C1 [Kaiser, J.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Min, K. E.; deGouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Min, K. E.; Brown, S. S.; deGouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.; Washenfelder, R. A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, C. C.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kaiser, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jen.b.kaiser@gmail.com RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kaiser, Jennifer/N-7732-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H]; NASA Aura Science Team FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution from all members of the SENEX flight and science teams. Funding was provided by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant 83540601. This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - grant NNX14AK97H. This work was also supported as part of the NASA Aura Science Team. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7571 EP 7583 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7571-2015 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300027 ER PT J AU Shinozuka, Y Clarke, AD Nenes, A Jefferson, A Wood, R McNaughton, CS Strom, J Tunved, P Redemann, J Thornhill, KL Moore, RH Lathem, TL Lin, JJ Yoon, YJ AF Shinozuka, Y. Clarke, A. D. Nenes, A. Jefferson, A. Wood, R. McNaughton, C. S. Strom, J. Tunved, P. Redemann, J. Thornhill, K. L. Moore, R. H. Lathem, T. L. Lin, J. J. Yoon, Y. J. TI The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and light extinction of dried particles: indications of underlying aerosol processes and implications for satellite-based CCN estimates SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; VERTICAL PROFILES; FIELD CAMPAIGNS; AIRBORNE; REMOTE; MODIS; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; POLLUTION AB We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. For a variety of airborne and ground-based observations not dominated by dust, regression identifies the CCN (cm(-3)) at 0.4 +/- 0.1% supersaturation with 10(0.3 alpha+1.3)sigma(0.75) where sigma (Mm(-1)) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and alpha is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of 1 km horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. partial derivative logCCN / partial derivative log sigma is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. C1 [Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Cooperat Res Earth Sci & Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Clarke, A. D.; McNaughton, C. S.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Nenes, A.; Lathem, T. L.; Lin, J. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jefferson, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wood, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McNaughton, C. S.] Golder Associates, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Strom, J.; Tunved, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Redemann, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Moore, R. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lathem, T. L.] Phillips 66 Res Ctr, Bartlesville, OK USA. [Yoon, Y. J.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. RP Shinozuka, Y (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Cooperat Res Earth Sci & Technol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov RI Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008 OI Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828 FU NASA [NNX12AO27G]; KOPRI [NRF-2011-0021063] FX We thank Teruyuki Nakajima, Kazuaki Kawamoto, Steve Howell, Steffen Freitag, Chris Terai, Allison McComiskey, Andreas Beyersdorf, Bruce Anderson, Phil Russell, John Livingston, Sam LeBlanc, Tom Ackerman, Masataka Shiobara, Rob Levy, Meloe Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Connor Flynn, Trish Quinn and the two anonymous reviewers for valuable input. Funding through NASA New (Early Career) Investigator Program (NNX12AO27G) is gratefully acknowledged. The Svalbard CCN measurement was supported by the KOPRI project: NRF-2011-0021063. Aerosol observations at the Zeppelin station were supported by the Swedish EPA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7585 EP 7604 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7585-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300028 ER PT J AU Mao, YH Li, QB Henze, DK Jiang, Z Jones, DBA Kopacz, M He, C Qi, L Gao, M Hao, WM Liou, KN AF Mao, Y. H. Li, Q. B. Henze, D. K. Jiang, Z. Jones, D. B. A. Kopacz, M. He, C. Qi, L. Gao, M. Hao, W. -M. Liou, K. -N. TI Estimates of black carbon emissions in the western United States using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TERM CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; CO EMISSIONS; BURNED-AREA; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION AB We estimate black carbon (BC) emissions in the western United States for July-September 2006 by inverting surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and its adjoint. Our best estimate of the BC emissions is 49.9 Gg at 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees (a factor of 2.1 increase) and 47.3 Gg at 0.5 degrees x 0.667 degrees (1.9 times increase). Model results now capture the observed major fire episodes with substantial bias reductions (similar to 35% at 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees and similar to 15% at 0.5 degrees x 0.667 degrees). The emissions are similar to 20-50% larger than those from our earlier analytical inversions (Mao et al., 2014). The discrepancy is especially drastic in the partitioning of anthropogenic versus biomass burning emissions. The August biomass burning BC emissions are 4.6-6.5 Gg and anthropogenic BC emissions 8.6-12.8 Gg, varying with the model resolution, error specifications, and subsets of observations used. On average both anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions in the adjoint inversions increase 2-fold relative to the respective a priori emissions, in distinct contrast to the halving of the anthropogenic and tripling of the biomass burning emissions in the analytical inversions. We attribute these discrepancies to the inability of the adjoint inversion system, with limited spatiotemporal coverage of the IMPROVE observations, to effectively distinguish collocated anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions on model grid scales. This calls for concurrent measurements of other tracers of biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion (e.g., carbon monoxide and carbon isotopes). We find that the adjoint inversion system as is has sufficient information content to constrain the total emissions of BC on the model grid scales. C1 [Mao, Y. H.; Li, Q. B.; He, C.; Qi, L.; Gao, M.; Liou, K. -N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mao, Y. H.; Li, Q. B.; Jones, D. B. A.; He, C.; Qi, L.; Gao, M.; Liou, K. -N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mao, Y. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, Z.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Kopacz, M.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hao, W. -M.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Li, QB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM qli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 FU NASA [NNX09AF07G]; EPA-STAR [83503701] FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNX09AF07G from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP). The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling group at Harvard University; support for the adjoint comes the Henze group at CU Boulder, which additionally recognizes support from EPA-STAR grant 83503701 (this manuscript does not reflect official EPA agency views or policies). We thank Feng Deng and Ray Nassar for helpful discussions. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 13 BP 7685 EP 7702 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7685-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8UT UT WOS:000357978300033 ER PT J AU Taylor, DD Schreiber, NJ Brown, CM Arevalo-Lopez, AM Rodriguez, EE AF Taylor, Daniel D. Schreiber, Nathaniel J. Brown, Craig M. Arevalo-Lopez, Angel M. Rodriguez, Efrain E. TI Stabilization of cubic Sr2FeMoO6 through topochemical reduction SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORDERED DOUBLE PEROVSKITES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE; TRANSITION; HYDRIDE; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; DEFECTS AB Sr2FeMoO6 has been extensively studied for application in spintronic devices. Through the topochemical de-intercalation of oxygen anions with metal hydride reduction, we demonstrate that the high temperature cubic phase is stabilized, at room temperature, whilst leaving the magnetic ordering intact. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction were used to characterize the structure and stoichiometry of the reduced oxide. C1 [Taylor, Daniel D.; Schreiber, Nathaniel J.; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Arevalo-Lopez, Angel M.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM efrain@umd.edu RI Taylor, Daniel/B-9345-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Arevalo-Lopez, Angel/C-5597-2013 OI Taylor, Daniel/0000-0003-1862-3946; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Maryland FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. We thank the University of Maryland for its funding support. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 61 BP 12201 EP 12204 DI 10.1039/c5cc04145g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CN2CP UT WOS:000358228300010 PM 26136224 ER PT J AU Lawler, KV Hulvey, Z Forster, PM AF Lawler, Keith V. Hulvey, Zeric Forster, Paul M. TI On the importance of a precise crystal structure for simulating gas adsorption in nanoporous materials SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; FORCE-FIELD; HKUST-1; SITES; ZIF-8; XE; KR AB We show that simulation of gas adsorption in nanoporous sorbents may be highly sensitive to accurate crystallographic coordinates, even for frameworks anticipated to have low flexibility. C1 [Lawler, Keith V.; Hulvey, Zeric; Forster, Paul M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hulvey, Zeric] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forster, PM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Paul.Forster@unlv.edu FU Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy through a grant under the Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP) FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy through a grant under the Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP). NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 29 BP 18904 EP 18907 DI 10.1039/c5cp01544h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CN1VD UT WOS:000358207400004 PM 26133672 ER PT S AU Cooksey, CC Tsai, BK Allen, DW AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Tsai, Benjamin K. Allen, David W. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Spectral reflectance variability of skin and attributing factors SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XIX; AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XIX and Active and Passive Signatures VI CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Skin; spectral; reflectance; traceable data; reference data; signatures; variability ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE AB Knowledge of the spectral reflectance signature of human skin over a wide spectral range will help advance the development of sensing systems for many applications, ranging from medical treatment to security technology. A critical component of the signature of human skin is the variability across the population. We describe a simple measurement method to measure human skin reflectance of the inside of the forearm. The variability of the reflectance spectra for a number of subjects measured at NIST is determined using statistical methods. The degree of variability is explored and discussed. We also propose a method for collaborating with other scientists, outside of NIST, to expand the data set of signatures to include a more diverse population and perform a meta-analysis to further investigate the variability of human skin reflectance. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Tsai, Benjamin K.; Allen, David W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-577-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9461 AR 94611M DI 10.1117/12.2184485 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD1LU UT WOS:000358140900051 ER PT S AU Li, Z Yang, DW Hong, Y Qi, YC Cao, Q AF Li, Zhe Yang, Dawen Hong, Yang Qi, Youcun Cao, Qing BE Chen, Y Neale, C Cluckie, I Su, Z Zhou, J Huang, Q Xu, Z TI Evaluation of radar-based precipitation estimates for flash flood forecasting in the Three Gorges Region SO REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Remote Sensing and Hydrology Symposium (RSHS 14) / 3rd International Conference of GIS/RS in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment (ICGRHWE 14) CY AUG 24-27, 2014 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IAHS, Int. Commiss Remote Sens, Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Univ Swansea, Univ Nebraska, K C Wong Educ Fdn, Nat Sci Fdn DE weather radar; precipitation; distributed hydrological model; flood forecasting ID RAINFALL AB Spatial rainfall pattern plays a critical role in determining hydrological responses in mountainous areas, especially for natural disasters such as flash floods. In this study, to improve the skills of flood forecasting in the mountainous Three Gorges Region (TGR) of the Yangtze River, we developed a first version of a high-resolution (1 km) radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) consideration of many critical procedures, such as beam blockage analysis, ground-clutter filter, rain type identification and adaptive Z-R relations. A physically-based distributed hydrological model (GBHM) was established and further applied to evaluate the performance of radar-based QPE for regional flood forecasting, relative to the gauge-driven simulations. With two sets of input data (gauge and radar) collected during summer 2010, the applicability of the current radar-based QPE to rainstorm monitoring and flash flood forecasting in the TGR is quantitatively analysed and discussed. C1 [Li, Zhe; Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zli09@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-46-9 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2015 VL 368 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BD1EM UT WOS:000357968900015 ER PT J AU Himes-Cornell, A Hoelting, K AF Himes-Cornell, Amber Hoelting, Kristin TI Resilience strategies in the face of short- and long-term change: out-migration and fisheries regulation in Alaskan fishing communities SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; communities; fisheries privatization; out-migration; resilience; well-being ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; QUOTA PROGRAM; MANAGEMENT; VULNERABILITY; RESOURCE; NORTH; SUSTAINABILITY; IMPACTS AB Historically, communities persisted in remote, isolated areas of Alaska in large part because of the abundance of marine and terrestrial resources, as well as the ability of local people to opportunistically access those resources as they became available. Species switching and the ability to shift effort away from fisheries during poor years allowed local residents to diversify their livelihoods in the face of uncertainties and ecological change. The advent of modern fisheries management, which views Alaskan fisheries as the property of all citizens of the United States, has fundamentally altered the relationship of place-based communities to fishery resources. Local access to fisheries has been particularly affected by the development of transferable fishing privileges, making it possible for fishing rights to leave place-based communities through the choices of individual community members to sell or to move away. When fishing communities in Alaska lose active fishing businesses, over time the loss of various types of community capital will follow, including human, social, cultural, technical, and financial capital. In some cases, communities are able to adapt or transform through diversification of their local economies. In other cases, no alternatives to a fishery-based economy are accessible. We have used resilience theory to explore drivers of change affecting Alaskan fishing communities. Emphasis was placed on two primary change drivers, the regulatory environment and rural out-migration, as well as their interconnections and their impacts on individuals, communities, and the larger social-ecological system. We summarized several government programs that have been implemented to support the continued participation of communities in Alaskan fisheries. In addition, we reviewed informal and private-sector efforts to generate resilience strategies that can facilitate new entry into fisheries or retain fishing businesses and fishing rights within communities, as well as respond to increasing uncertainty related to the global market and climate changes. C1 [Himes-Cornell, Amber] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hoelting, Kristin] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 121 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 29 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 2 AR 9 DI 10.5751/ES-07074-200209 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM3ZB UT WOS:000357622800001 ER PT S AU Henn, MA Barnes, BM Zhang, NF Zhou, H Silver, RM AF Henn, Mark-Alexander Barnes, Bryan M. Zhang, Nien Fan Zhou, Hui Silver, Richard M. BE Bodermann, B Frenner, K Silver, RM TI The effect of systematic errors on the hybridization of optical critical dimension measurements SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology V CY JUN 23-25, 2015 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE DE hybrid metrology; electromagnetic simulation; sensitivity and uncertainty evaluation AB In hybrid metrology two or more measurements of the same measurand are combined to provide a more reliable result that ideally incorporates the individual strengths of each of the measurement methods. While these multiple measurements may come from dissimilar metrology methods such as optical critical dimension microscopy (OCD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigated the hybridization of similar OCD methods featuring a focus-resolved simulation study of systematic errors performed at orthogonal polarizations. Specifically, errors due to line edge and line width roughness (LER, LWR) and their superposition (LEWR) are known to contribute a systematic bias with inherent correlated errors. In order to investigate the sensitivity of the measurement to LEWR, we follow a modeling approach proposed by Kato et al. who studied the effect of LEWR on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) scatterometry. Similar to their findings, we have observed that LEWR leads to a systematic bias in the simulated data. Since the critical dimensions (CDs) are determined by fitting the respective model data to the measurement data by minimizing the difference measure or chi square function, a proper description of the systematic bias is crucial to obtaining reliable results and to successful hybridization. In scatterometry, an analytical expression for the influence of LEWR on the measured orders can be derived, and accounting for this effect leads to a modification of the model function that not only depends on the critical dimensions but also on the magnitude of the roughness. For finite arrayed structures however, such an analytical expression cannot be derived. We demonstrate how to account for the systematic bias and that, if certain conditions are met, a significant improvement of the reliability of hybrid metrology for combining both dissimilar and similar measurement tools can be achieved. C1 [Henn, Mark-Alexander; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henn, MA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.henn@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-686-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9526 AR 95260V DI 10.1117/12.2189928 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BD1DS UT WOS:000357949800025 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Marvel, J AF Bostelman, Roger Hong, Tsai Marvel, Jeremy BE Braun, JJ TI Performance Measurement of Mobile Manipulators SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 21, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE mobile manipulator; reproducible performance; smart manufacturing; ground truth; test methods; artifact AB This paper describes a concept for measuring the reproducible performance of mobile manipulators to be used for assembly or other similar tasks. An automatic guided vehicle with an onboard robot arm was programmed to repeatedly move to and stop at a novel, reconfigurable mobile manipulator artifact (RMMA), sense the RMMA, and detect targets on the RMMA. The manipulator moved a laser retroreflective sensor to detect small reflectors that can be reconfigured to measure various manipulator positions and orientations (poses). This paper describes calibration of a multi-camera, motion capture system using a 6 degree-of-freedom metrology bar and then using the camera system as a ground truth measurement device for validation of the reproducible mobile manipulator's experiments and test method. Static performance measurement of a mobile manipulator using the RMMA has proved useful for relatively high tolerance pose estimation and other metrics that support standard test method development for indexed and dynamic mobile manipulator applications. C1 [Bostelman, Roger] NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Univ Bourgogne, IEM, Le2i, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-614-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9498 AR 94980E DI 10.1117/12.2177344 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD1LA UT WOS:000358123800011 ER PT J AU Royer, JR Burton, GL Blair, DL Hudson, SD AF Royer, John R. Burton, George L. Blair, Daniel L. Hudson, Steven D. TI Rheology and dynamics of colloidal superballs SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL BROWNIAN PARTICLES; DIGITAL VIDEO MICROSCOPY; TIME SELF-DIFFUSION; LOW SHEAR VISCOSITY; DENSE SUSPENSIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; CONCENTRATED DISPERSIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION; FREQUENCY VISCOSITY AB Recent advances in colloidal synthesis make it possible to generate a wide array of precisely controlled, non-spherical particles. This provides a unique opportunity to probe the role that particle shape plays in the dynamics of colloidal suspensions, particularly at higher volume fractions, where particle interactions are important. We examine the role of particle shape by characterizing both the bulk rheology and micro-scale diffusion in a suspension of pseudo-cubic silica superballs. Working with these well-characterized shaped colloids, we can disentangle shape effects in the hydrodynamics of isolated particles from shape-mediated particle interactions. We find that the hydrodynamic properties of isolated superballs are marginally different from comparably sized hard spheres. However, shape-mediated interactions modify the suspension microstructure, leading to significant differences in the self-diffusion of the superballs. While this excluded volume interaction can be captured with a rescaling of the superball volume fraction, we observe qualitative differences in the shear thickening behavior of moderately concentrated superball suspensions that defy simple rescaling onto hard sphere results. This study helps to define the unknowns associated with the effects of shape on the rheology and dynamics of colloidal solutions. C1 [Royer, John R.; Burton, George L.; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Royer, John R.] Univ Maryland, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Burton, George L.; Blair, Daniel L.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Burton, George L.; Blair, Daniel L.] Georgetown Univ, Inst Soft Matter Synth & Metrol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Royer, JR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.royer@nist.gov; steven.hudson@nist.gov RI Royer, John/E-8056-2016; Blair, Daniel/C-7911-2017 OI Royer, John/0000-0002-8368-7252; FU NIST National Research Council FX We thank D. Audus and J. Douglas for insightful discussions and for sharing computational results. We also thank L. Rossi and S. Sacanna for advice on the superball synthesis. J.R.R. gratefully acknowledges the support of a NIST National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. Certain instruments and materials are identified in this paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 28 BP 5656 EP 5665 DI 10.1039/c5sm00729a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CM6HJ UT WOS:000357788700009 PM 26078036 ER PT S AU Grychtol, P Kfir, O Knut, R Turgut, E Zusin, D Popmintchev, D Popmintchev, T Nembach, H Shaw, J Fleischer, A Kapteyn, H Murnane, M Cohen, O AF Grychtol, Patrik Kfir, Ofer Knut, Ronny Turgut, Emrah Zusin, Dmitriy Popmintchev, Dimitar Popmintchev, Tenio Nembach, Hans Shaw, Justin Fleischer, Avner Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret Cohen, Oren BE Yamanouchi, I Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R KuwataGonokami, M DiMauro, L TI X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Probed Using High Harmonics SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIX SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 07-11, 2014 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Japan Intense Light Field Sci Soc, Ctr Ultrafast Intense Laser Sci, Univ Tokyo AB We demonstrate the first generation and phase matching of circularly-polarized high harmonics, which are bright enough for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the M absorption edges of the magnetic materials Fe, Co and Ni. C1 [Grychtol, Patrik; Knut, Ronny; Turgut, Emrah; Zusin, Dmitriy; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grychtol, Patrik; Knut, Ronny; Turgut, Emrah; Zusin, Dmitriy; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Knut, Ronny; Nembach, Hans; Shaw, Justin] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleischer, Avner] Ort Braude Coll, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. RP Grychtol, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM p.grychtol@jila.colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Dimitar/A-2164-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008 OI Popmintchev, Dimitar/0000-0001-8203-4703; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-13242-6; 978-3-319-13241-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 162 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_15 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BD0UY UT WOS:000357738800015 ER PT S AU Cundiff, ST Almand-Hunter, AE Li, H Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW AF Cundiff, S. T. Almand-Hunter, A. E. Li, H. Mootz, M. Kira, M. Koch, S. W. BE Yamanouchi, I Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R KuwataGonokami, M DiMauro, L TI Quantum Droplets of Electrons and Holes in GaAs Quantum Wells SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIX SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 07-11, 2014 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Japan Intense Light Field Sci Soc, Ctr Ultrafast Intense Laser Sci, Univ Tokyo AB We present evidence for electron-hole quantum droplets in GaAs quantum wells using spectrally-resolved transient-absorption spectroscopy. Quantum droplets have a correlation function characteristic of a liquid, but have quantized binding energy, unlike macroscopic droplets. C1 [Cundiff, S. T.; Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Li, H.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, S. T.; Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Li, H.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mootz, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu; kira@Staff.Uni-Marburg.DE NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-13242-6; 978-3-319-13241-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 162 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_64 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BD0UY UT WOS:000357738800064 ER PT S AU Suzuki, T Singh, R Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Cundiff, ST AF Suzuki, T. Singh, R. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Cundiff, S. T. BE Yamanouchi, I Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R KuwataGonokami, M DiMauro, L TI Rabi Oscillations in an InAs Quantum Dot Ensemble Observed in Pre-pulse 2D Coherent Spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIX SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 07-11, 2014 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Japan Intense Light Field Sci Soc, Ctr Ultrafast Intense Laser Sci, Univ Tokyo AB We have observed Rabi oscillations in an InAs quantum dot ensemble by using optical pre-pulse 2D coherent spectroscopy. The polarization for 2D coherent spectroscopy is set to be cross-linear in order to obtain biexciton signal, which enables us to distinguish the signals from the ground and excited states. Furthermore, the spectral domain in 2D can reveal the coherent evolution in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble. With increasing pre-pulse intensity, the signals attributed to the ground and excited states exhibit the sinusoidal decrease and increase, respectively. The observed excitation behavior is well reproduced by a damped oscillation model. From the fitting the pulse area achieved in this work is deduced to be 0.41 pi and the dipole moment is estimated as 29 Debye. C1 [Suzuki, T.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suzuki, T.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkoerperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Suzuki, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM takeshi.suzuki@jila.colorado.edu; andreas.wieck@ruhr-uni-bochum.de; cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-13242-6; 978-3-319-13241-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 162 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_66 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BD0UY UT WOS:000357738800066 ER PT J AU Emmons, LK Arnold, SR Monks, SA Huijnen, V Tilmes, S Law, KS Thomas, JL Raut, JC Bouarar, I Turquety, S Long, Y Duncan, B Steenrod, S Strode, S Flemming, J Mao, J Langner, J Thompson, AM Tarasick, D Apel, EC Blake, DR Cohen, RC Dibb, J Diskin, GS Fried, A Hall, SR Huey, LG Weinheimer, AJ Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Nowak, J Peischl, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, T Warneke, C Helmig, D AF Emmons, L. K. Arnold, S. R. Monks, S. A. Huijnen, V. Tilmes, S. Law, K. S. Thomas, J. L. Raut, J. -C. Bouarar, I. Turquety, S. Long, Y. Duncan, B. Steenrod, S. Strode, S. Flemming, J. Mao, J. Langner, J. Thompson, A. M. Tarasick, D. Apel, E. C. Blake, D. R. Cohen, R. C. Dibb, J. Diskin, G. S. Fried, A. Hall, S. R. Huey, L. G. Weinheimer, A. J. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Nowak, J. Peischl, J. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. Warneke, C. Helmig, D. TI The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): overview and evaluation with observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT MODEL; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; LIGHTNING PARAMETERIZATION; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AB A model intercomparison activity was inspired by the large suite of observations of atmospheric composition made during the International Polar Year (2008) in the Arctic. Nine global and two regional chemical transport models participated in this intercomparison and performed simulations for 2008 using a common emissions inventory to assess the differences in model chemistry and transport schemes. This paper summarizes the models and compares their simulations of ozone and its precursors and presents an evaluation of the simulations using a variety of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite observations. Each type of measurement has some limitations in spatial or temporal coverage or in composition, but together they assist in quantifying the limitations of the models in the Arctic and surrounding regions. Despite using the same emissions, large differences are seen among the models. The cloud fields and photolysis rates are shown to vary greatly among the models, indicating one source of the differences in the simulated chemical species. The largest differences among models, and between models and observations, are in NOy partitioning (PAN vs. HNO3) and in oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde and acetone. Comparisons to surface site measurements of ethane and propane indicate that the emissions of these species are significantly underestimated. Satellite observations of NO2 from the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) have been used to evaluate the models over source regions, indicating anthropogenic emissions are underestimated in East Asia, but fire emissions are generally overestimated. The emission factors for wildfires in Canada are evaluated using the correlations of VOCs to CO in the model output in comparison to enhancement factors derived from aircraft observations, showing reasonable agreement for methanol and acetaldehyde but underestimate ethanol, propane and acetone, while overestimating ethane emission factors. C1 [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.; Apel, E. C.; Hall, S. R.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. -C.; Bouarar, I.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS IPSL,UMR8190, Paris, France. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam, IPSL,UMR8539, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Duncan, B.; Steenrod, S.; Strode, S.; Thompson, A. M.] NASA Goddard, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Flemming, J.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Mao, J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Tarasick, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fried, A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Nowak, J.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Emmons, LK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM emmons@ucar.edu RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU NASA [NNX08AD29G]; French Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP project; CNRS-LEFE; ANR; CNES; GENCI-IDRIS [2014-017141]; European Commission [218793]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC; BMVIT-FFG/ALR; NOAA Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program [NNX08AD22G]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX The numerous individuals who provided observations used in this study are gratefully acknowledged, including William H. Brune, Jingqiu Mao, Xinrong Ren, and David Shelow of Pennsylvania State University for the ARCTAS DC8 LIF OH measurements; Paul Wennberg and John Crounse of California Institute of Technology for the ARCTAS DC8 CIT-CIMS data (supported by NASA award NNX08AD29G); Steve Montzka of NOAA/ESRL/GMD for NOAA P3 flask samples of propane during ARCPAC; Joost de Gouw of NOAA/ESRL/CSD for ARCPAC PTRMS VOC observations; and John Holloway of NOAA/ESRL/CSD for ARCPAC CO and SO2 (UV fluorescence) measurements.; The GEOS-5 data used with CAM-chem in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor from www.temis.nl. French co-authors acknowledge funding from the French Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP project and CNRS-LEFE. POLARCAT-France was supported by ANR, CNRS-LEFE and CNES. This work was performed in part using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (grant 2014-017141). V. Huijnen acknowledges funding from the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (contract number 218793). Contributions by SMHI were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC. A. Wisthaler acknowledges support from BMVIT-FFG/ALR. ARCPAC was supported in part by the NOAA Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs. J. Mao acknowledges the NOAA Climate Program Office's grant NA13OAR4310071. L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award no. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. NR 92 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6721 EP 6744 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6721-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500011 ER PT J AU Goncalves, WA Machado, LAT Kirstetter, PE AF Goncalves, W. A. Machado, L. A. T. Kirstetter, P-E TI Influence of biomass aerosol on precipitation over the Central Amazon: an observational study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON PARTICLES; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; VERTICAL PROFILES; BURNING AEROSOL; RADAR DATA; CLOUDS; CLIMATE; IMPACT; SMOKE AB Understanding the influence of biomass burning aerosol on clouds and precipitation in the Amazon is key to reducing uncertainties in simulations of climate change scenarios with regard to deforestation fires. Here, we associate rainfall characteristics obtained from an S-band radar in the Amazon with in situ measurements of biomass burning aerosol for the entire year of 2009. The most important results were obtained during the dry season (July-December). The results indicate that the influence of aerosol on precipitating systems is modulated by the atmospheric degree of instability. For less unstable atmospheres, the higher the aerosol concentration is, the lower the precipitation is over the region. In contrast, for more unstable cases, higher concentrations of black carbon are associated with greater precipitation, increased ice content, and larger rain cells; this finding suggests an association with long-lived systems. The results presented are statistically significant. However, due to limitations imposed by the available data set, important features, such as the contribution of each mechanism to the rainfall suppression, need further investigation. Regional climate model simulations with aircraft and radar measurements would help clarify these questions. C1 [Goncalves, W. A.; Machado, L. A. T.] Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies CPTEC, Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kirstetter, P-E] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, P-E] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Goncalves, WA (reprint author), Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies CPTEC, Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM goncalves.weber@gmail.com RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU FAPESP CHUVA project [2009/15235-8]; [CNPq-141952/2010-5] FX This study was funded by the following grants: CNPq-141952/2010-5 and FAPESP CHUVA project 2009/15235-8. We thank Paulo Artaxo for the discussions and for providing the EUCAARI database, and the Amazon Protection National System (SIPAM) for the S-band radar data set. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6789 EP 6800 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6789-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500015 ER PT J AU Kramer, LJ Helmig, D Burkhart, JF Stohl, A Oltmans, S Honrath, RE AF Kramer, L. J. Helmig, D. Burkhart, J. F. Stohl, A. Oltmans, S. Honrath, R. E. TI Seasonal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons at the GEOSummit station, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; POLARCAT SUMMER CAMPAIGN; HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB Measurements of atmospheric nitrogen oxides NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NOy, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were taken at the Greenland Environmental Observatory at Summit (GEOSummit) station, Greenland (72.34A degrees N, 38.29A degrees W; 3212 m a.s.l.), from July 2008 to July 2010. The data set represents the first year-round concurrent record of these compounds sampled at a high latitude Arctic site. Here, the study focused on the seasonal variability of these important ozone (O-3) precursors in the Arctic troposphere and the impact from transported anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. Our analysis shows that PAN is the dominant NOy species in all seasons at Summit, varying from 42 to 76 %; however, we find that odd NOy species (odd NOy = NOy - PAN - NOx) contribute a large amount to the total NOy speciation. We hypothesize that the source of this odd NOy is most likely alkyl nitrates and nitric acid (HNO3) from transported pollution, and photochemically produced species such as nitrous acid (HONO). FLEXPART retroplume analyses and black carbon (BC) tracers for anthropogenic and biomass burning (BB) emissions were used to identify periods when the site was impacted by polluted air masses. Europe contributed the largest source of anthropogenic emissions during the winter months (November-March) with 56 % of the total anthropogenic BC tracer originating from Europe in 2008-2009 and 69 % in 2009-2010. The polluted plumes resulted in mean enhancements above background levels up to 334, 295, 88, and 1119 pmol mol(-1) for NOy, PAN, NOx, and ethane, respectively, over the two winters. Enhancements in O-3 precursors during the second winter were typically higher, which may be attributed to the increase in European polluted air masses transported to Summit in 2009-2010 compared to 2008-2009. O-3 levels were highly variable within the sampled anthropogenic plumes with mean Delta O-3 levels ranging from -6.7 to 7.6 nmol mol(-1) during the winter periods. North America was the primary source of biomass burning emissions during the summer; however, only 13 BB events were observed as the number of air masses transported to Summit, with significant BB emissions, was low in general during the measurement period. The BB plumes were typically very aged, with median transport times to the site from the source region of 14 days. The analyses of O-3 and precursor levels during the BB events indicate that some of the plumes sampled impacted the atmospheric chemistry at Summit, with enhancements observed in all measured species. C1 [Kramer, L. J.; Honrath, R. E.] Michigan Technol Univ, Atmospher Sci Program, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burkhart, J. F.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Burkhart, J. F.] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Oltmans, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Oltmans, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kramer, LJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Atmospher Sci Program, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM lkramer@mtu.edu RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 FU NASA ROSES program [NNX07AR26G]; Norwegian Research Council of POLARCAT-Norway; Norwegian Research Council [ES432275]; US National Science Foundation [NSF1023651] FX The authors acknowledge support for this project from the NASA ROSES program, grant number NNX07AR26G. A. Stohl was supported by the Norwegian Research Council in the framework of POLARCAT-Norway. Support for J. F. Burkhart was provided jointly under the Norwegian Research Council (project ES432275) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF1023651). The authors would like to acknowledge Mike Dziobak at Michigan Tech for all his valuable work with the instrumentation and Brie Van Dam and Jacques Heuber from The University of Colorado, Boulder, assisting with the measurements. We would like to thank the 109th Air National Guard and the support staff and science technicians from CH2M Hill Polar Field Services for their valuable assistance and the Danish Commission for Scientific Research for providing access to GEOSummit station. The authors would also like to thank Jack Dibb and Meredith Hastings for sharing the HNO3 and HONO data from Summit. NR 111 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 6827 EP 6849 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6827-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500019 ER PT J AU Turner, AJ Jacob, DJ Wecht, KJ Maasakkers, JD Lundgren, E Andrews, AE Biraud, SC Boesch, H Bowman, KW Deutscher, NM Dubey, MK Griffith, DWT Hase, F Kuze, A Notholt, J Ohyama, H Parker, R Payne, VH Sussmann, R Sweeney, C Velazco, VA Warneke, T Wennberg, PO Wunch, D AF Turner, A. J. Jacob, D. J. Wecht, K. J. Maasakkers, J. D. Lundgren, E. Andrews, A. E. Biraud, S. C. Boesch, H. Bowman, K. W. Deutscher, N. M. Dubey, M. K. Griffith, D. W. T. Hase, F. Kuze, A. Notholt, J. Ohyama, H. Parker, R. Payne, V. H. Sussmann, R. Sweeney, C. Velazco, V. A. Warneke, T. Wennberg, P. O. Wunch, D. TI Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; GREENHOUSE GASES; MOLE FRACTION; AVERAGED CH4 AB We use 2009-2011 space-borne methane observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to estimate global and North American methane emissions with 4A degrees x 5A degrees and up to 50 km x 50 km spatial resolution, respectively. GEOS-Chem and GOSAT data are first evaluated with atmospheric methane observations from surface and tower networks (NOAA/ESRL, TCCON) and aircraft (NOAA/ESRL, HIPPO), using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model as a platform to facilitate comparison of GOSAT with in situ data. This identifies a high-latitude bias between the GOSAT data and GEOS-Chem that we correct via quadratic regression. Our global adjoint-based inversion yields a total methane source of 539 Tg a(-1) with some important regional corrections to the EDGARv4.2 inventory used as a prior. Results serve as dynamic boundary conditions for an analytical inversion of North American methane emissions using radial basis functions to achieve high resolution of large sources and provide error characterization. We infer a US anthropogenic methane source of 40.2-42.7 Tg a(-1), as compared to 24.9-27.0 Tg a(-1) in the EDGAR and EPA bottom-up inventories, and 30.0-44.5 Tg a(-1) in recent inverse studies. Our estimate is supported by independent surface and aircraft data and by previous inverse studies for California. We find that the emissions are highest in the southern-central US, the Central Valley of California, and Florida wetlands; large isolated point sources such as the US Four Corners also contribute. Using prior information on source locations, we attribute 29-44 % of US anthropogenic methane emissions to livestock, 22-31 % to oil/gas, 20 % to landfills/wastewater, and 11-15 % to coal. Wetlands contribute an additional 9.0-10.1 Tg a(-1). C1 [Turner, A. J.; Jacob, D. J.; Maasakkers, J. D.; Lundgren, E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Wecht, K. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England. [Bowman, K. W.; Payne, V. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deutscher, N. M.; Griffith, D. W. T.; Velazco, V. A.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Deutscher, N. M.; Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hase, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kuze, A.; Ohyama, H.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ohyama, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Sussmann, R.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.; Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Turner, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aturner@fas.harvard.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; KUZE, AKIHIKO/J-2074-2016; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; KUZE, AKIHIKO/0000-0001-5415-3377; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU NASA Carbon Monitoring System; Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF); California Energy Commission's Natural Gas Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA; UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA GHG-CCI); NASA [NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247, NNG05-GD07G]; NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program; EU project InGOS; EU project ICOS-INWIRE; Senate of Bremen; Australian Research Council [DP0879468, LP0562346]; EC within the INGOS project; New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology [CO1X0204, CO1X0703, CO1X0406]; NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 [2011/13]; LANL-LDRD [20110081DR]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1102]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program FX This work was supported by the NASA Carbon Monitoring System and a Department of Energy (DOE) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (CSGF) to A. J. Turner. We also thank the Harvard SEAS Academic Computing center for access to computing resources. Special thanks to S. C. Wofsy for providing HIPPO aircraft data, and J. B. Miller and M. Parker for providing NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network data. We thank M. L. Fischer and the CALGEM team at LBNL for their contributions to data collection at tower sites in central California as supported by the California Energy Commission's Natural Gas Program through a grant to the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. R. Parker and H. Boesch acknowledge funding from the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and the ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA GHG-CCI). TCCON data at Park Falls, Lamont, and JPL is funded by NASA grants NNX11AG01G, NAG5-12247 and NNG05-GD07G, and the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory Program. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Lamont and J. Ayers for technical support in Park Falls. TCCON data from Bialystok and Bremen is funded by the EU projects InGOS and ICOS-INWIRE, and by the Senate of Bremen. TCCON data from Darwin is funded by NASA grants NAG5-12247 and NNG05-GD07G and the Australian Research Council, DP0879468 and LP0562346. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Darwin. Garmisch TCCON work has been performed as part of the ESA GHG-cci project via subcontract with the University of Bremen. In addition, we acknowledge funding by the EC within the INGOS project. From 2004 to 2011 the Lauder TCCON program was funded by the New Zealand Foundation of Research Science and Technology contracts CO1X0204, CO1X0703 and CO1X0406. Since 2011, the program has been funded by NIWA's Atmosphere Research Programme 3 (2011/13 Statement of Corporate Intent). M. K. Dubey thanks LANL-LDRD for funding 20110081DR for monitoring at Four Corners. We thank B. Henderson (LANL) for help with retrievals at Four Corners. A part of work at JAXA was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Observations collected in the Southern Great plains were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. HIPPO aircraft data are available at http://hippo.ornl.gov, TCCON data are available at http://tccon.ornl.gov, and NOAA/ESRL Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/flask.php. NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7049 EP 7069 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7049-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500034 ER PT J AU Wagner, NL Brock, CA Angevine, WM Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, D de Gouw, JA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Graus, MG Holloway, JS Huey, G Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Liu, X Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Mikoviny, T Peischl, J Perring, AE Richardson, MS Ryerson, TB Schwarz, JP Warneke, C Welti, A Wisthaler, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Wagner, N. L. Brock, C. A. Angevine, W. M. Beyersdorf, A. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. de Gouw, J. A. Diskin, G. S. Gordon, T. D. Graus, M. G. Holloway, J. S. Huey, G. Jimenez, J. L. Lack, D. A. Liao, J. Liu, X. Markovic, M. Z. Middlebrook, A. M. Mikoviny, T. Peischl, J. Perring, A. E. Richardson, M. S. Ryerson, T. B. Schwarz, J. P. Warneke, C. Welti, A. Wisthaler, A. Ziemba, L. D. Murphy, D. M. TI In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC(4)RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER MASS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CUMULUS CLOUDS; US; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; AIRCRAFT AB Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. These vertical profiles were collected over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during the summer of 2013 as part of two separate field studies: the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study and the Study of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(4)RS). Shallow cumulus convection was observed during many profiles. These conditions enhance vertical transport of trace gases and aerosol and create a cloudy transition layer on top of the sub-cloud mixed layer. The trace gas and aerosol concentrations in the transition layer were modeled as a mixture with contributions from the mixed layer below and the free troposphere above. The amount of vertical mixing, or entrainment of air from the free troposphere, was quantified using the observed mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO). Although the median aerosol mass, extinction, and volume decreased with altitude in the transition layer, they were 10 % larger than expected from vertical mixing alone. This enhancement was likely due to secondary aerosol formation in the transition layer. Although the transition layer enhancements of the particulate sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) were both similar in magnitude, only the enhancement of sulfate was statistically significant. The column integrated extinction, or aerosol optical depth (AOD), was calculated for each individual profile, and the transition layer enhancement of extinction typically contributed less than 10 % to the total AOD. Our measurements and analysis were motivated by two recent studies that have hypothesized an enhanced layer of secondary aerosol aloft to explain the summertime enhancement of AOD (2-3 times greater than winter) over the southeastern United States. The first study attributes the layer aloft to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) while the second study speculates that the layer aloft could be SOA or secondary particulate sulfate. In contrast to these hypotheses, the modest enhancement we observed in the transition layer was not dominated by OA and was not a large fraction of the summertime AOD. C1 [Wagner, N. L.; Brock, C. A.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Ryerson, T. B.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Angevine, W. M.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gordon, T. D.; Graus, M. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Jimenez, J. L.; Lack, D. A.; Liao, J.; Markovic, M. Z.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Richardson, M. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Warneke, C.; Welti, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beyersdorf, A.; Diskin, G. S.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Welti, A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wagner, NL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nick.wagner@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Gordon, Timothy/H-9497-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gordon, Timothy/0000-0002-5128-9532; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304 FU BMVIT/FFG-ALR of the Austrian Space Application Program (ASAP 8) [833451]; NASA [NNX12AC03G]; NSF [AGS-1243354]; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program; NASA's Radiation Sciences Program [NNH12AT31I] FX We thank the NOAA WP-3D and NASA DC-8 scientists, flight crews, and support staff for their outstanding efforts in the field. In particular we would like to thank M. K. Trainer for flight planning during SENEX. Isoprene measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by BMVIT/FFG-ALR in the frame of the Austrian Space Application Program (ASAP 8, project 833451). PCJ, DAD, and JLJ measured aerosol mass and composition during SEAC4RS and were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G and NSF AGS-1243354. Additionally, the SEARCH aerosol network provided surface measurement used in overflight comparisons, and we thank Brent Holben and Brad Gingrey and their staff for establishing and maintaining the Centreville AERONET sites used in this investigation. This analysis is funded by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program and by NASA's Radiation Sciences Program under Award NNH12AT31I. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7085 EP 7102 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7085-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500036 ER PT J AU Song, S Selin, NE Soerensen, AL Angot, H Artz, R Brooks, S Brunke, EG Conley, G Dommergue, A Ebinghaus, R Holsen, TM Jaffe, DA Kang, S Kelley, P Luke, WT Magand, O Marumoto, K Pfaffhuber, KA Ren, X Sheu, GR Slemr, F Warneke, T Weigelt, A Weiss-Penzias, P Wip, DC Zhang, Q AF Song, S. Selin, N. E. Soerensen, A. L. Angot, H. Artz, R. Brooks, S. Brunke, E. -G. Conley, G. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Holsen, T. M. Jaffe, D. A. Kang, S. Kelley, P. Luke, W. T. Magand, O. Marumoto, K. Pfaffhuber, K. A. Ren, X. Sheu, G. -R. Slemr, F. Warneke, T. Weigelt, A. Weiss-Penzias, P. Wip, D. C. Zhang, Q. TI Top-down constraints on atmospheric mercury emissions and implications for global biogeochemical cycling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; DRY DEPOSITION; NATURAL SOURCES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; OXIDIZED MERCURY; DEPLETION EVENTS AB We perform global-scale inverse modeling to constrain present-day atmospheric mercury emissions and relevant physiochemical parameters in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We use Bayesian inversion methods combining simulations with GEOS-Chem and ground-based Hg-0 observations from regional monitoring networks and individual sites in recent years. Using optimized emissions/parameters, GEOS-Chem better reproduces these ground-based observations and also matches regional over-water Hg-0 and wet deposition measurements. The optimized global mercury emission to the atmosphere is 5.8 Gg yr(-1). The ocean accounts for 3.2 Gg yr(-1) (55 % of the total), and the terrestrial ecosystem is neither a net source nor a net sink of Hg-0. The optimized Asian anthropogenic emission of Hg-0 (gas elemental mercury) is 650-1770 Mg yr(-1), higher than its bottom-up estimates (550-800 Mg yr(-1)). The ocean parameter inversions suggest that dark oxidation of aqueous elemental mercury is faster, and less mercury is removed from the mixed layer through particle sinking, when compared with current simulations. Parameter changes affect the simulated global ocean mercury budget, particularly mass exchange between the mixed layer and subsurface waters. Based on our inversion results, we re-evaluate the long-term global biogeochemical cycle of mercury, and show that legacy mercury becomes more likely to reside in the terrestrial ecosystem than in the ocean. We estimate that primary anthropogenic mercury contributes up to 23 % of present-day atmospheric deposition. C1 [Song, S.; Selin, N. E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Selin, N. E.] MIT, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Soerensen, A. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Soerensen, A. L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Angot, H.; Dommergue, A.; Magand, O.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Artz, R.; Kelley, P.; Luke, W. T.; Ren, X.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Brooks, S.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Brunke, E. -G.] CSIR, South African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Conley, G.] Ohio Univ, Ctr Air Qual, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Ebinghaus, R.; Weigelt, A.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Holsen, T. M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Sci Technol Engn & Math, Bothell, WA USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kang, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Kang, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kelley, P.; Ren, X.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marumoto, K.] Natl Inst Minamata Dis, Environm Chem Sect, Kumamoto, Japan. [Pfaffhuber, K. A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Tromso, Norway. [Sheu, G. -R.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Slemr, F.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Div, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Weiss-Penzias, P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wip, D. C.] Anton de Kom Univ Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam. [Zhang, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Song, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM song33@mit.edu RI Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; Song, Shaojie/A-1948-2012; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016; Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016; Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; Song, Shaojie/0000-0001-6395-7422; Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241; Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; FU US NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program [1053648]; EU-FP7 project GMOS; Labex OSUG@2020 [ANR10 LABX56]; LEFE CNRS/INSU (program SAMOA); French Polar Institute IPEV, GMOStral [1028]; project NSFC [41225002]; Environment Canada; Ministry of the Environment (Japan); SEARCH network by Southern Company; SEARCH network by EPRI FX This work is supported by the US NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program #1053648. A. Dommergue, O. Magand, and H. Angot acknowledge the EU-FP7 project GMOS, Labex OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56) and LEFE CNRS/INSU (program SAMOA) for funding, and the French Polar Institute IPEV (Program 1028, GMOStral) for logistical and financial support. S. Kang and Q. Zhang acknowledge support by project NSFC (41225002). We thank Environment Canada, Ministry of the Environment (Japan), the SEARCH network (sponsored by Southern Company and EPRI), X. Feng and X. Fu (IGCAS, China), K. Crist (Ohio University), and all other investigators for providing observational data, H. Amos (Harvard) for assistance and helpful discussions on the global biogeochemical box model, and J. Kuss (IOW, Germany), C. D. Holmes (FSU), Y. Zhang and E. S. Corbitt (Harvard) for helpful discussions. We also thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. NR 164 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 10 U2 54 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7103 EP 7125 DI 10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL6ZC UT WOS:000357117500037 ER PT S AU Charalampidis, D Gundam, M Ioup, GE Ioup, JW Thompson, CH AF Charalampidis, Dimitrios Gundam, Madhuri Ioup, George E. Ioup, Juliette W. Thompson, Charles H. BE Sadjadi, FA Mahalanobis, A TI Stereo image segmentation with application in underwater fish detection and tracking SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XXV CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Fish image segmentation; stereo images; underwater image sequences ID LIVE FISH AB Most often, background subtraction and image segmentation methods use images or video captured using a single camera. However, segmentation can be improved using stereo images by reducing errors caused due to illumination fluctuations and object occlusion. This work proposes a background subtraction and image segmentation method for images obtained using a two camera stereo system. Stereo imaging is often employed in order to obtain depth information. On the other hand, the objective of this work is mainly to extract accurate boundaries of objects from stereo images, which are otherwise difficult to obtain. Improving the outline detection accuracy is vital for object recognition applications. An application of the proposed technique is presented for the detection and tracking of fish in underwater image sequences. Outline fish detection is a challenging task since fish are not rigid objects. Moreover, color is not necessarily a reliable means to segment underwater images, therefore, grayscale images are used. Due to these two reasons, and due to the fact that underwater images captured in non-controlled environments are often blurry and poorly illuminated, commonly used local correlation methods are not sufficient for stereo image matching. The proposed algorithm improves segmentation in several scenarios including cases where fish are occluded by other fish regions. Although the work concentrates on segmenting fish images, it can be employed in other underwater image segmentation applications where visible-light cameras are used. C1 [Charalampidis, Dimitrios; Gundam, Madhuri] Univ New Orleans, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Ioup, George E.; Ioup, Juliette W.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Thompson, Charles H.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Charalampidis, D (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM dcharala@uno.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-592-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9476 AR 94760H DI 10.1117/12.2177648 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BD0OD UT WOS:000357464100014 ER PT J AU Weng, ES Malyshev, S Lichstein, JW Farrior, CE Dybzinski, R Zhang, T Shevliakova, E Pacala, SW AF Weng, E. S. Malyshev, S. Lichstein, J. W. Farrior, C. E. Dybzinski, R. Zhang, T. Shevliakova, E. Pacala, S. W. TI Scaling from individual trees to forests in an Earth system modeling framework using a mathematically tractable model of height-structured competition SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODELS; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; TERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE; TEMPERATE FOREST; CO2 ENRICHMENT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; STAND DEVELOPMENT; TROPICAL FORESTS; BIOSPHERE MODEL AB The long-term and large-scale dynamics of ecosystems are in large part determined by the performances of individual plants in competition with one another for light, water, and nutrients. Woody biomass, a pool of carbon (C) larger than 50% of atmospheric CO2, exists because of height-structured competition for light. However, most of the current Earth system models that predict climate change and C cycle feedbacks lack both a mechanistic formulation for height-structured competition for light and an explicit scaling from individual plants to the globe. In this study, we incorporate height-structured competition for light, competition for water, and explicit scaling from individuals to ecosystems into the land model version 3 (LM3) currently used in the Earth system models developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The height-structured formulation is based on the perfect plasticity approximation (PPA), which has been shown to accurately scale from individual-level plant competition for light, water, and nutrients to the dynamics of whole communities. Because of the tractability of the PPA, the coupled LM3-PPA model is able to include a large number of phenomena across a range of spatial and temporal scales and still retain computational tractability, as well as close linkages to mathematically tractable forms of the model. We test a range of predictions against data from temperate broadleaved forests in the northern USA. The results show the model predictions agree with diurnal and annual C fluxes, growth rates of individual trees in the canopy and understory, tree size distributions, and species-level population dynamics during succession. We also show how the competitively optimal allocation strategy - the strategy that can competitively exclude all others - shifts as a function of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. This strategy is referred to as an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the ecological literature and is typically not the same as a productivity-or growth-maximizing strategy. Model simulations predict that C sinks caused by CO2 fertilization in forests limited by light and water will be down-regulated if allocation tracks changes in the competitive optimum. The implementation of the model in this paper is for temperate broadleaved forest trees, but the formulation of the model is general. It can be expanded to include other growth forms and physiologies simply by altering parameter values. C1 [Weng, E. S.; Farrior, C. E.; Dybzinski, R.; Pacala, S. W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.; Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.; Shevliakova, E.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lichstein, J. W.; Zhang, T.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Weng, ES (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM weng@princeton.edu RI Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; OI Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Farrior, Caroline/0000-0001-8999-4264 FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station [09-JV-11242306-051, 13-JV-11242315-066, 11-JV-11242306-059]; Princeton Environment Institute; National Oceanic and Atmospheric (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752] FX Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (agreements 09-JV-11242306-051, 13-JV-11242315-066, and 11-JV-11242306-059) and the Princeton Environment Institute. E. Shevliakova and S. Malyshev acknowledge support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (US Department of Commerce) through grant NA08OAR4320752. We thank Catherine Raphael of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for drawing Fig. S1a, and Richard Birdsey and Yude Pan of the USDA Forest Service for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. We thank Takashi Kohyama, Rosie Fisher, Benjamin Poulter, and Matthew Smith for careful and thoughtful reviews that helped in greatly improving the clarity of the paper. NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2655 EP 2694 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2655-2015 PG 40 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CK4FT UT WOS:000356178900004 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Moriarty, R Andrew, RM Peters, GP Ciais, P Friedlingstein, P Jones, SD Sitch, S Tans, P Arneth, A Boden, TA Bopp, L Bozec, Y Canadell, JG Chini, LP Chevallier, F Cosca, CE Harris, I Hoppema, M Houghton, RA House, JI Jain, AK Johannessen, T Kato, E Keeling, RF Kitidis, V Goldewijk, KK Koven, C Landa, CS Landschutzer, P Lenton, A Lima, ID Marland, G Mathis, JT Metzl, N Nojiri, Y Olsen, A Ono, T Peng, S Peters, W Pfeil, B Poulter, B Raupach, MR Regnier, P Rodenbeck, C Saito, S Salisbury, JE Schuster, U Schwinger, J Seferian, R Segschneider, J Steinhoff, T Stocker, BD Sutton, AJ Takahashi, T Tilbrook, B van der Werf, GR Viovy, N Wang, YP Wanninkhof, R Wiltshire, A Zeng, N AF Le Quere, C. Moriarty, R. Andrew, R. M. Peters, G. P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, P. Jones, S. D. Sitch, S. Tans, P. Arneth, A. Boden, T. A. Bopp, L. Bozec, Y. Canadell, J. G. Chini, L. P. Chevallier, F. Cosca, C. E. Harris, I. Hoppema, M. Houghton, R. A. House, J. I. Jain, A. K. Johannessen, T. Kato, E. Keeling, R. F. Kitidis, V. Goldewijk, K. Klein Koven, C. Landa, C. S. Landschuetzer, P. Lenton, A. Lima, I. D. Marland, G. Mathis, J. T. Metzl, N. Nojiri, Y. Olsen, A. Ono, T. Peng, S. Peters, W. Pfeil, B. Poulter, B. Raupach, M. R. Regnier, P. Roedenbeck, C. Saito, S. Salisbury, J. E. Schuster, U. Schwinger, J. Seferian, R. Segschneider, J. Steinhoff, T. Stocker, B. D. Sutton, A. J. Takahashi, T. Tilbrook, B. van der Werf, G. R. Viovy, N. Wang, Y. -P. Wanninkhof, R. Wiltshire, A. Zeng, N. TI Global carbon budget 2014 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; CO2 FLUX VARIABILITY; MIXED-LAYER SCHEME; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover-change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in S-OCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2, and land-cover-change (some including nitrogen-carbon interactions). We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2004-2013), E-FF was 8.9 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), E-LUC 0.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) 4.3 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 2.9 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1). For year 2013 alone, E-FF grew to 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), 2.3% above 2012, continuing the growth trend in these emissions, E-LUC was 0.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) was 5.4 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 2.5 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). G(ATM) was high in 2013, reflecting a steady increase in E-FF and smaller and opposite changes between S-OCEAN and S-LAND compared to the past decade (2004-2013). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 395.31 +/- 0.10 ppm averaged over 2013. We estimate that E-FF will increase by 2.5% (1.3-3.5 %) to 10.1 +/- 0.6 GtC in 2014 (37.0 +/- 2.2 GtCO(2) yr(-1)), 65% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of world gross domestic product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the global economy. From this projection of E-FF and assumed constant E-LUC for 2014, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 545 +/- 55 GtC (2000 +/- 200 GtCO(2)) for 1870-2014, about 75% from E-FF and 25% from E-LUC. This paper documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this living data set (Le Quere et al., 2013, 2014). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2014). C1 [Le Quere, C.; Moriarty, R.; Jones, S. D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Andrew, R. M.; Peters, G. P.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Ciais, P.; Bopp, L.; Chevallier, F.; Peng, S.; Viovy, N.] UVSQ, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,CEA,CE Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Sitch, S.; Schuster, U.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Tans, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arneth, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr CDIAC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bozec, Y.] CNRS, Equipe Chim Marine, Stn Biolog Roscoff, UMR7144, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Bozec, Y.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Adaptat & Diversite Milieu Marin UMR7144, Stn Biol Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Canadell, J. G.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Chini, L. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cosca, C. E.; Mathis, J. T.; Sutton, A. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Harris, I.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hoppema, M.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Houghton, R. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr WHRC, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [House, J. I.] Univ Bristol, Dept Geog, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Johannessen, T.; Landa, C. S.; Olsen, A.; Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Johannessen, T.; Landa, C. S.; Olsen, A.; Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Kato, E.; Nojiri, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies NIES, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Kato, E.] Inst Appl Energy IAE, Tokyo 1050003, Japan. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kitidis, V.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Landschuetzer, P.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lenton, A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lima, I. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Marland, G.] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Metzl, N.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN IPSL Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. [Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Environm Sci Grp, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Poulter, B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Raupach, M. R.] Australian Natl Univ, ANU Climate Change Inst, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Regnier, P.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Roedenbeck, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Salisbury, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Seferian, R.] CNRS, CNRM GAME, Meteo France CNRS, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Segschneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Steinhoff, T.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Sutton, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Takahashi, T.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, B.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wang, Y. -P.] CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wiltshire, A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Le Quere, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; Klein Goldewijk, Kees/L-5567-2013; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; House, Joanna/B-6477-2016; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016 OI Hoppema, Mario/0000-0002-2326-619X; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Kitidis, Vassilis/0000-0003-3949-3802; Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; House, Joanna/0000-0003-4576-3960; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813 FU International Opportunities Fund [NE/103002X/1]; UKOARP [NE/H017046/1]; Norwegian Research Council [236296]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programmes under US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Region Bretagne; INSU (LEFE/MERMEX) for CARBORHONE cruises; Australian Climate Change Science Programme; ICOSD through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01 LK 1224I]; Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship; US National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 12-43071]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and BER programmes [DOE DE-SC0006706]; NASA LCLUC programme [NASA NNX14AD94G]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of Environment of Japan [S-10]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U. S. National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1048827]; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) for OISO cruises; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; NOAA/NASA; ICOS-D [BMBF FK 01LK1101C]; Swiss National Science Foundation; FP7 through project EMBRACE [282672]; NOAA; Comer Education and Science Foundation; Australian Department of the Environment and the Integrated Marine Observing System; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU FP7 [283080]; COMBINE [226520]; EU FP7 through project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; EU [GA603542, GA282672, 283576]; EMBRACE [GA282672]; DOE [DE-SC0005090]; NSF [ATM-1036399]; NOAA [NA10OAR4320156]; [CG29] FX NERC provided funding to C. Le Quere, R. Moriarty, and the GCP though their International Opportunities Fund specifically to support this publication (NE/103002X/1), and to U. Schuster through UKOARP (NE/H017046/1). G. P. Peters and R. M. Andrews were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (236296). T. A. Boden was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programmes under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Y. Bozec was supported by Region Bretagne, CG29, and INSU (LEFE/MERMEX) for CARBORHONE cruises. J. G. Canadell and M. R. Raupach were supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. M. Hoppema received ICOSD funding through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) to the AWI (01 LK 1224I). J. I. House was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. A. K. Jain was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS 12-43071) the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and BER programmes (DOE DE-SC0006706) and the NASA LCLUC programme (NASA NNX14AD94G). E. Kato was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of Environment of Japan. C. Koven was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. I. D. Lima was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). N. Metzl was supported by Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU) and Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) for OISO cruises. A. Olsen was supported by the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. J. E. Salisbury was supported by grants from NOAA/NASA. T. Steinhoff was supported by ICOS-D (BMBF FK 01LK1101C). B. D. Stocker was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and FP7 funding through project EMBRACE (282672). A. J. Sutton was supported by NOAA. T. Takahashi was supported by grants from NOAA and the Comer Education and Science Foundation. B. Tilbrook was supported by the Australian Department of the Environment and the Integrated Marine Observing System. A. Wiltshire was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). P. Ciais, W. Peters, C. Le Quere, P. Regnier, and U. Schuster were supported by the EU FP7 through project GEOCarbon (283080). A. Arneth, P. Ciais, S. Sitch, and A. Wiltshire were supported by COMBINE (226520). V. Kitidis, M. Hoppema, N. Metzl, C. Le Quere, U. Schuster, J. Schwiger, J. Segschneider, and T. Steinhoff were supported by the EU FP7 through project CARBOCHANGE (264879). A. Arnet, P. Friedlingstein, B. Poulter, and S. Sitch were supported by the EU FP7 through projects LUC4C (GA603542). P. Friedlingstein was also supported by EMBRACE (GA282672). F. Chevallier and G. R. van der Werf were supported by the EU FP7 through project MACC-II (283576). This is NOAA-PMEL contribution number 4216. Contributions from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography were supported by DOE grant DE-SC0005090, NSF grant ATM-1036399, and NOAA grant NA10OAR4320156. NR 128 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 24 U2 209 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 47 EP 85 DI 10.5194/essd-7-47-2015 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4PC UT WOS:000356934300005 ER PT J AU Jiang, LQ O'Connor, SA Arzayus, KM Parsons, AR AF Jiang, L. -Q. O'Connor, S. A. Arzayus, K. M. Parsons, A. R. TI A metadata template for ocean acidification data SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article AB This paper defines the best practices for documenting ocean acidification (OA) data and presents a framework for an OA metadata template. Metadata is structured information that describes and locates an information resource. It is the key to ensuring that a data set will be accessible into the future. With the rapid expansion of studies on biological responses to OA, the lack of a common metadata template to document the resulting data poses a significant hindrance to effective OA data management efforts. In this paper, we present a metadata template that can be applied to a broad spectrum of OA studies, including those studying the biological responses to OA. The "variable metadata section", which includes the variable name, observation type, whether the variable is a manipulation condition or response variable, and the biological subject on which the variable is studied, forms the core of this metadata template. Additional metadata elements, such as investigators, temporal and spatial coverage, and data citation, are essential components to complete the template. We explain the structure of the template, and define many metadata elements that may be unfamiliar to researchers. C1 [Jiang, L. -Q.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [O'Connor, S. A.] ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Arzayus, K. M.; Parsons, A. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jiang, LQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, 5825 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM liqing.jiang@noaa.gov RI Jiang, Li-Qing/G-5228-2014 OI Jiang, Li-Qing/0000-0003-3311-1658 FU Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was supported by the Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Discussions with Hernan E. Garcia (National Centers for Environmental Information) benefitted the metadata template development. We thank Philip Goldstein (University of Colorado) for his contribution to the metadata template development and his comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Alex Kozyr (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center) provided help with the documentation of chemical OA data sets. We are grateful to Andrew Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Fiz Perez of the Spanish National Research Council for their insightful comments on the template. Jacqueline Mize (National Coastal Data Development Center) and Sheri Philips (National Centers for Environmental Information) provided tremendous help on the use of the ISO 19115-2 format and the creation of the ISO version of the template. We thank the associate editor, Robert Key; two reviewers, Cynthia Chandler and Anton Velo; and two readers, J.-P. Gattuso and Yan Yang, for their excellent comments that helped to improve both the template and the paper. We thank Linda Jenkins (National Coastal Data Development Center) for her technical editing. We also thank Chris Chambers, Thomas Hurst, Chris Long, Annette DesRochers, Molly Timmers, Nina Bednarsek, Donald Christopher Melrose, Derek Manzello, Renee Carlton, Jessica Morgan (NOAA), and David Kline (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) for their comments on the template. Rob Ragsdale (US Integrated Ocean Observing System), Emilio Mayoga (University of Washington), and Sara Haines (University of North Carolina) contributed to the development of definitions for some of the variables. We are indebted to Dean Perry and Dylan Redman (NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center) for allowing us to use their metadata records as a real world example of our metadata submission form. We thank Mark Fornwall (United States Geological Survey) for his comments to improve the paper. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.5194/essd-7-117-2015 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4PC UT WOS:000356934300009 ER PT J AU Estilow, TW Young, AH Robinson, DA AF Estilow, T. W. Young, A. H. Robinson, D. A. TI A long-term Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data record for climate studies and monitoring SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID INTERACTIVE MULTISENSOR SNOW; ICE MAPPING SYSTEM; VARIABILITY AB This paper describes the long-term, satellite-based visible snow cover extent National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate data record (CDR) currently available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation. This environmental data product is developed from weekly Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data that have been digitized from snow cover maps onto a Cartesian grid draped over a polar stereographic projection. The data have a spatial resolution of 190.6 km at 60 degrees latitude, are updated monthly, and span the period from 4 October 1966 to the present. The data comprise the longest satellite-based CDR of any environmental variable. Access to the data is provided in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) and archived by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) under the satellite Climate Data Record Program (doi: 10.7289/V5N014G9). The basic characteristics, history, and evolution of the data set are presented herein. In general, the CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability to its widely used predecessor product. Key refinements included in the CDR improve the product's grid accuracy and documentation and bring metadata into compliance with current standards for climate data records. C1 [Estilow, T. W.; Robinson, D. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Young, A. H.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Estilow, TW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM thomas.estilow@rutgers.edu FU NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record Program FX The NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record Program funded this project. The authors wish to thank D. Wunder, H. Brown, C. Hutchins, S. Ansari, R. McFadden and the entire Snow Cover Integrated Product Team (IPT) at NCDC for supporting the Research to Operations (R2O) process. Special appreciation goes to J. Biard for his review of the CDR and technical assistance with reprocessing the NOAA grid and to R. Brown whose helpful comments improved this manuscript. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 7 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.5194/essd-7-137-2015 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4PC UT WOS:000356934300011 ER PT S AU Dogan, G AF Dogan, Guenay BA Tai, XC BF Tai, XC BE Bae, E Chan, TF Lysaker, M TI An Efficient Curve Evolution Algorithm for Multiphase Image Segmentation SO ENERGY MINIMIZATION METHODS IN COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, EMMCVPR 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR) CY JAN 13-16, 2015 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Jockey Club Inst Adv Study ID SHAPE OPTIMIZATION APPROACH; ACTIVE CONTOURS; GRAPH CUTS; MINIMIZATION; MUMFORD; MODEL AB We propose a novel iterative algorithm for multiphase image segmentation by curve evolution. Specifically, we address a multiphase version of the Chan-Vese piecewise constant segmentation energy. Our algorithm is efficient: it is based on an explicit Lagrangian representation of the curves and it converges in a relatively small number of iterations. We devise a stable curvature-free semi-implicit velocity computation scheme. This enables us to take large steps to achieve sharp decreases in the multiphase segmentation energy when possible. The velocity and curve computations are linear with respect to the number of nodes on the curves, thanks to a finite element discretization of the curve and the gradient descent equations, yielding essentially tridiagonal linear systems. The step size at each iteration is selected using a non-monotone line search algorithm ensuring rapid progress and convergence. Thus, the user does not need to specify fixed step sizes or iteration numbers. We also introduce a novel dynamic stopping criterion, robust to various imaging conditions, to decide when to stop the iterations. Our implementation can handle topological changes of curves, such as merging and splitting as well. This is a distinct advantage of our approach, because we do not need to know the number of phases in advance. The curves can merge and split during the evolution to detect the correct regions, especially the number of phases. C1 NIST, Theiss Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dogan, G (reprint author), NIST, Theiss Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gunay.dogan@nist.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14612-6; 978-3-319-14611-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 8932 BP 292 EP 306 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD0ON UT WOS:000357502000022 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Vandermeulen, R Ignatov, A Cayula, JF AF Arnone, Robert Vandermeulen, Ryan Ignatov, Alexander Cayula, Jean Francois BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Seasonal trends of ACSPO VIIRS SST product characterized by the differences in orbital overlaps for various water types SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sea Surface Temperature; Satellite; SNPP VIIRS; Coastal; Validation; Algorithms AB The uncertainty of the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) products from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite is examined using consecutive orbital overlaps in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The overlapping region on the left and right side of the VIIRS swath at 23-35 degree latitude covers approximately 500 pixels, which occur within 100 minutes and can provide a total of 4 SST products (2 day and 2 night) per day. By assuming the ocean SST should be similar on each side of the swath in this short time period, diel changes are examined and the uncertainty of SST retrieval is determined by comparing with buoy-derived SST. The VIIRS ACSPO product from NOAA STAR was used to determine the difference in SST within the overlapping regions. These SST changes are evaluated between consecutive orbits to validate the accuracy of SST algorithms on each side of the swath at high sensor angles. The SST product differences across the swath can result from surface glint, sensor angular impacts and sensor characteristics such as half angle mirror side (HAM) and calibration. The absolute diurnal SST changes that can occur within 100 minutes are evaluated with the buoy and VIIRS-derived SST. Sensitivity of the SST to water types is evaluated by measuring diurnal differences for open ocean, shelf and coastal waters. The 100 minute VIIRS SST overlap shows the capability to monitor the diurnal ocean heating and cooling which are associated with water mass optical absorption. The seasonal trends of the difference in SST at the overlaps for these water masses were tracked on a monthly basis. The unique capability of using the same VIIRS sensor for self-characterization can provide a method to define the uncertainty of ocean products and characterize the diurnal changes for different water types. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Vandermeulen, Ryan] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cayula, Jean Francois] Vencore North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR UNSP 94590T DI 10.1117/12.2179731 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400018 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Bio-Optical Model of Remote Sensing Signals in a Stratified Ocean SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ocean color; lidar; ocean remote sensing; thin layers; chlorophyll; phytoplankton ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; CASE-1 WATERS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; INVERSION MODELS; PIGMENT PROFILE; SCATTERING; COLOR; COASTAL AB Several semi-analytic models exist for the inherent optical properties of sea water, at least for Case 1 waters. In these waters, models based on chlorophyll-a concentration seem to be fairly successful. For passive remote sensing, the critical properties are the backscattering coefficient and the zenith diffuse attenuation coefficient. The former describes the total scattering at angles > 0.5 pi steradians. The diffuse attenuation coefficient is not strictly an inherent optical property, because it depends on the sun angle. The zenith diffuse attenuation coefficient, defined as the attenuation of a diffuse source located at the zenith, depends only on the optical properties of the water. The observed remote sensing reflectance can be estimated from these two parameters and the solar zenith angle. Most of the investigations to date have assumed that the chlorophyll concentration does not vary with depth. This assumption is often quite good, because of the limited penetration of light into sea water. We will consider the case of intense thin plankton layers on a shallow pycnocline, where this assumption might not be valid. For active remote sensing, an additional parameter is important. This parameter is the volume scattering function at a scattering angle of pi steradians, which is the sum of contributions from sea water and particles in the water. The sea water contribution is known. The particulate contribution can be modeled as the product of the scattering coefficient, which depends on chlorophyll concentration, and the phase function at p steradians, which does not. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590M DI 10.1117/12.2179770 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400013 ER PT S AU He, K Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Liang, XM Cao, CY Stroup, J AF He, Kai Ignatov, Alexander Kihai, Yury Liang, Xingming Cao, Changyong Stroup, John BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Sensor Stability for SST (3S) Monitoring System SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VII CY APR 21-22, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE AVHRR; 3S; calibration; gain; offset; sea surface temperature (SST); brightness temperature (BT) ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION DATA; AVHRR AB AVHRR clear-sky brightness temperatures (BTs) over ocean and derived sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are produced at NOAA from several polar and geostationary sensors, including AVHRRs onboard US NOAA and European MetOp satellites. Analyses in the Monitoring of IR Clear-sky Radiances over Oceans for SST system (MICROS; www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros/) suggest that artifacts in SSTs are strongly linked to anomalies in BTs. To attribute anomalous BTs to calibration information reported on L1b data, NOAA established another online system, Sensor Stability for SST (3S; www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/3s/). The 3S monitors orbital statistics of calibration gains and offsets in AVHRR SST bands, along with the onboard measurements of blackbody temperature, blackbody view count (BC) and space view count (SC), from which the gain and offset are calculated. Sun and moon geometry configuration, which may affect the BC and SC, is also monitored, as well as the length of the "satellite night" (part of the orbit, when the satellite is in the Earth shadow and AVHRR calibration is presumably more accurate). Currently, the 3S displays time series of all statistics for NOAA-15 to -19, MetOp-A and -B. This presentation describes the 3S system. C1 [He, Kai; Ignatov, Alexander; Kihai, Yury; Liang, Xingming; Cao, Changyong; Stroup, John] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [He, Kai; Kihai, Yury] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Liang, Xingming] CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stroup, John] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP He, K (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-575-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9459 AR 94590Z DI 10.1117/12.2177292 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BD0SJ UT WOS:000357647400021 ER PT S AU Reed, JK Harter, S Farrington, S David, A AF Reed, John K. Harter, Stacey Farrington, Stephanie David, Andrew BE Bortone, SA TI Characterization and interrelationships of deepwater coral/sponge habitats and fish communities off Florida SO INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORALS AND FISHERIES SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interrelationships between Coral Reefs and Fisheries CY MAY 20-22, 2013 CL Tampa, FL ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; OCULINA CORAL ECOSYSTEM; SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT; SHELF-EDGE REEFS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; POURTALES TERRACE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BLAKE PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS C1 [Reed, John K.; Farrington, Stephanie] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Inst Oceanog, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Harter, Stacey; David, Andrew] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL USA. RP Reed, JK (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Inst Oceanog, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-8831-8; 978-1-4665-8830-1 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 51 EP 82 PG 32 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC9ZZ UT WOS:000357007100005 ER PT S AU Jaap, WC Ross, SW Brooke, S Arnold, WS AF Jaap, Walter C. Ross, Steve W. Brooke, Sandra Arnold, William S. BE Bortone, SA TI Factors affecting coral reef fisheries in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORALS AND FISHERIES SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interrelationships between Coral Reefs and Fisheries CY MAY 20-22, 2013 CL Tampa, FL ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA PLATFORM MARGIN; CARBONATE RAMP SLOPE; CENTRAL WEST FLORIDA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEEP-SEA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES; SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM C1 [Jaap, Walter C.] Lithophyte Res LLC, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. [Ross, Steve W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Brooke, Sandra] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. [Arnold, William S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Jaap, WC (reprint author), Lithophyte Res LLC, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA. NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-8831-8; 978-1-4665-8830-1 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 83 EP 112 PG 30 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC9ZZ UT WOS:000357007100006 ER PT J AU Valivarthi, R Lucio-Martinez, I Chan, P Rubenok, A John, C Korchinski, D Duffin, C Marsili, F Verma, V Shaw, MD Stern, JA Nam, SW Oblak, D Zhou, Q Slater, JA Tittel, W AF Valivarthi, Raju Lucio-Martinez, Itzel Chan, Philip Rubenok, Allison John, Caleb Korchinski, Daniel Duffin, Cooper Marsili, Francesco Verma, Varun Shaw, Mathew D. Stern, Jeffrey A. Nam, Sae Woo Oblak, Daniel Zhou, Qiang Slater, Joshua A. Tittel, Wolfgang TI Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution: from idea towards application SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum key distribution; quantum communication; Bell-state measurement ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; CRYPTOGRAPHY; NETWORK; SECURITY; PHOTONS; QKD AB We assess the overall performance of our quantum key distribution (QKD) system implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol using components with varying capabilities such as different single-photon detectors and qubit preparation hardware. We experimentally show that superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors allow QKD over a channel featuring 60dB loss, and QKD with more than 600 bits of secret key per second (not considering finite key effects) over a 16dB loss channel. This corresponds to 300 and 80km of standard telecommunication fiber, respectively. We also demonstrate that the integration of our QKD system into FPGA-based hardware (instead of state-of-the-art arbitrary waveform generators) does not impact on its performance. Our investigation allows us to acquire an improved understanding of the trade-offs between complexity, cost and system performance, which is required for future customization of MDI-QKD. Given that our system can be operated outside the laboratory over deployed fiber, we conclude that MDI-QKD is a promising approach to information-theoretic secure key distribution. C1 [Valivarthi, Raju; Lucio-Martinez, Itzel; Chan, Philip; Rubenok, Allison; John, Caleb; Korchinski, Daniel; Duffin, Cooper; Oblak, Daniel; Zhou, Qiang; Slater, Joshua A.; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Valivarthi, Raju; Lucio-Martinez, Itzel; Rubenok, Allison; Korchinski, Daniel; Duffin, Cooper; Oblak, Daniel; Zhou, Qiang; Slater, Joshua A.; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Chan, Philip; John, Caleb] Univ Calgary, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Mathew D.; Stern, Jeffrey A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Valivarthi, R (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, Calgary, AB, Canada. EM vrrvaliv@ucalgary.ca RI Slater, Joshua/F-2523-2011; Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011 FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Calgary Urban Alliance; National Nature Science Foundation of China [61405030]; Oversea Academic Training Fund of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency InPho Program; Killam Trusts; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported through Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (through their Discover Grant and CryptoWorks 21 CREATE programs), the Calgary Urban Alliance, the National Nature Science Foundation of China [grant number 61405030], the Oversea Academic Training Fund of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency InPho Program, and the Killam Trusts. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. W.T. is a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2015 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1141 EP 1150 DI 10.1080/09500340.2015.1021725 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CM1CW UT WOS:000357418700004 ER PT J AU Mora, EA Lindley, ST Erickson, DL Klimley, AP AF Mora, E. A. Lindley, S. T. Erickson, D. L. Klimley, A. P. TI Estimating the Riverine Abundance of Green Sturgeon Using a Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; SACRAMENTO RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA; DIDSON; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB To determine the total number of Green Sturgeon Acipenser medirostris present in the Rogue River, Oregon, we compared plot sampling using a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON), a density-based estimation technique combining the number of individuals detected and the area sampled, to a concurrent mark-recapture estimate. Using the DIDSON-based method, we estimated the total abundance of Green Sturgeon to be 223 (95% confidence interval = 180-266). The mark-recapture method resulted in an estimate of 236 individuals (150-424). The noninvasive DIDSON transect estimates resulted in tighter confidence intervals and required fewer technician hours to collect the data than did the mark- recapture method (37 h versus 232 h, respectively). Precise estimates of the abundance and distribution of Green Sturgeon are important components to species recovery and management. Thus, this new technique has the potential to greatly improve population monitoring and is an excellent tool to identify occupied habitats. C1 [Mora, E. A.; Klimley, A. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mora, E. A.; Lindley, S. T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95054 USA. [Lindley, S. T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Erickson, D. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Erickson, D. L.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Mora, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ethan.mora@gmail.com FU National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern Grant; United States Army Corps; University of Miami, Pew Institute for Ocean Science FX We thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Gold Beach Office, for their assistance with DIDSON and net sampling. Blair Krohn, John Webber, Ryan Battleson, Kelly Timchak, and Phaedra Doukakis were especially helpful in this endeavor. Michael Mohr of the National Marine Fisheries Service in Santa Cruz, California, provided the abundance estimators. Neil Willits of the University of California at Davis provided statistical guidance during the preparation of this manuscript. This research was partially supported by a National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern Grant, a grant from the United States Army Corps, and the University of Miami, Pew Institute for Ocean Science. We thank Joseph E. Hightower and three anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of this paper. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 3 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1017119 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CM0SP UT WOS:000357389100014 ER PT J AU Krzyzanowski, N Porcar, L Garg, S Butler, P Castro-Roman, F Bautista, PJ Perez-Salas, U AF Krzyzanowski, Natalie Porcar, Lionel Garg, Sumit Butler, Paul Castro-Roman, Francisco Jesus Bautista, Pedro Perez-Salas, Ursula TI Reply to the 'Comment on "Cholesterol Solubility Limit in Lipid Membranes probed by Small Angle Neutron Scattering and MD simulations"' by R. Epand, Soft Matter, 2015, 11, DOI: 10.1039/C4SM02819H SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material ID DOMAIN FORMATION; BILAYERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SEPARATION; MIXTURES; EPR AB In the comment by Epand et al. on our recent article, it is stated that the term "cholesterol solubility limit" is misused. As Epand et al. point out, there is extensive literature on cholesterol phase separation in phospholipid bilayers and this term is used to define the appearance of cholesterol crystals. Moreover, as they state, this does not preclude them from existing as bilayered crystals or cholesterol-only domains within the membrane itself. Since our SANS data directly measured the maximum amount of cholesterol harboured by POPC and POPS membranes, it may have been more appropriate to use the term "cholesterol saturation limit". Nonetheless, we stated that the saturation and solubility limits of cholesterol coincide in both POPC and POPS. Epand and et al. suggest that the data shown was insufficient to uphold this claim. Herein, we present data that supports the coincidence of cholesterol's saturation limit with cholesterol's solubility limit in 100 nm POPS unilamellar vesicles, where previously it has been reported to not be the case. C1 [Krzyzanowski, Natalie; Garg, Sumit; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE USA. [Garg, Sumit; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL USA. [Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castro-Roman, Francisco; Jesus Bautista, Pedro] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. RP Perez-Salas, U (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM ursulaps@uic.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 27 BP 5582 EP 5584 DI 10.1039/c5sm01071c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CL7ZQ UT WOS:000357192200021 ER PT S AU Hillberry, LE Rice, JP AF Hillberry, Logan E. Rice, Joseph P. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Spectral homogenization techniques for the Hyperspectral Image Projector SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXVI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE diffuser; fiber bundle; hardware-in-the-loop; hyperspectral; imaging; scene projector; spectral uniformity ID RADIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS AB In an effort to improve technology for performance testing and calibration of multispectral and hyperspectral imagers, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) capable of projecting dynamic scenes than include distinct, programmable spectra in each of its 1024 x 768 spatial pixels. The HIP is comprised of a spectral engine, which is a light source capable generating the spectra in the scene, coupled to a spatial engine, capable of projecting the spectra into the correct locations of the scene. In the prototype HIP, the light exiting the Visible-Near-Infrared (VNIR) / Short-Wavelength Infrared (SWIR) spectral engine is spectrally dispersed and needs to be spectrally homogenized before it enters the spatial engine. In this paper we describe the results from a study of several different techniques for performing this spectral homogenization. These techniques include an integrating sphere, a liquid light guide, a randomized fiber bundle, and an engineered diffuser, in various combinations. The spectral uniformity of projected HIP scenes is measured and analyzed using the spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm over the VNIR spectral range. The SAM provides a way to analyze the spectral uniformity independently from the radiometric uniformity. The goal of the homogenizer is a spectrally uniform and bright projected image. An integrating sphere provides the most spectrally uniform image, but at a great loss of light compared with the other methods. The randomized fiber bundle generally outperforms the liquid light guide in both spectral homogenization and brightness. Using an engineered diffuser with the randomized fiber bundle increases the spectral uniformity by a factor of five, with a decrease in brightness by a factor of five, compared with the randomized fiber bundle alone. The combination of an engineered diffuser with a randomized fiber bundle provides comparable spectral uniformity to the integrating sphere while enabling 40 times greater brightness. C1 [Hillberry, Logan E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rice, Joseph P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hillberry, LE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-568-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9452 AR 94520Z DI 10.1117/12.2177180 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC9NS UT WOS:000356673800031 ER PT S AU Podobedov, VB Eppeldauer, GP Larason, TC AF Podobedov, Vyacheslav B. Eppeldauer, George P. Larason, Thomas C. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI New night vision goggle gain definition SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXVI CY APR 21-23, 2015 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE night vision goggle (NVG); NVG radiometric quantities; night sky AB A new definition is proposed for the calibration of Night Vision Goggle (NVG) gains. This definition is based on the measurement of radiometric input and output quantities of the NVG. While the old definition used the "equivalent fL" which is a non SI traceable luminance unit, the new definition utilizes the radiance quantities that are traceable to the SI units through NIST standards. The new NVG gain matches the previous one as a result of the application of a correction coefficient originating from the conversion of the radiance to luminance units. The new definition was tested at the NIST Night Vision Calibration Facility and the measurement results were compared to the data obtained with a Hoffman Test Set Model ANV-126. Comparing the radiometric quantities of the Hoffman Test Set and those measured by the NIST transfer standard radiometer, indicates that the observed differences up to 15 % were due to the calibration and experimental errors of the ANV-126 Test Set. In view of different spectral characteristics of luminophores that can be utilized in the NVG design, the simulation of the NVG output for gain measurement was performed. The NVG output was simulated with a sphere-based source using different LEDs and the measured gain was compared to that obtained with the ANV-126 internal luminance meter. The NVG gain uncertainty analysis was performed for the Type A, B, and C goggles. C1 [Podobedov, Vyacheslav B.; Eppeldauer, George P.; Larason, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vyacheslav.podobedov@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-568-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9452 AR 945214 DI 10.1117/12.2176344 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC9NS UT WOS:000356673800035 ER PT J AU Park, J Sweet, WV Heitsenrether, R AF Park, J. Sweet, W. V. Heitsenrether, R. TI Water level oscillations in Monterey Bay and Harbor SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE-CANYON; MICROSEISMS; SYSTEM; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; WAVES; MODEL; TIDE; CA AB Seiches are normal modes of water bodies responding to geophysical forcings with potential to significantly impact ecology and maritime operations. Analysis of high-frequency (1 Hz) water level data in Monterey, California, identifies harbor modes between 10 and 120 s that are attributed to specific geographic features. It is found that modal amplitude modulation arises from cross-modal interaction and that offshore wave energy is a primary driver of these modes. Synchronous coupling between modes is observed to significantly impact dynamic water levels. At lower frequencies with periods between 15 and 60 min, modes are independent of offshore wave energy, yet are continuously present. This is unexpected since seiches normally dissipate after cessation of the driving force, indicating an unknown forcing. Spectral and kinematic estimates of these low-frequency oscillations support the idea that a persistent anticyclonic mesoscale gyre adjacent to the bay is a potential mode driver, while discounting other sources. C1 [Park, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [Sweet, W. V.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heitsenrether, R.] NOAA, Chesapeake, VA USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 950 N Krome Ave, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM joseph_park@nps.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2015 VL 11 IS 3 BP 439 EP 453 DI 10.5194/os-11-439-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CL1BC UT WOS:000356676300008 ER PT S AU Allman, MS Verma, VB Stevens, M Gerrits, T Horansky, RD Lita, AE Marsili, F Beyer, A Shaw, MD Kumor, D Mirin, R Nam, SW AF Allman, M. S. Verma, V. B. Stevens, M. Gerrits, T. Horansky, R. D. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Beyer, A. Shaw, M. D. Kumor, D. Mirin, R. Nam, S. W. BE Prochazka, I Sobolewski, R James, RB TI A Near-Infrared 64-pixel Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Array with Integrated Multiplexed Readout SO PHOTON COUNTING APPLICATIONS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Photon Counting Applications CY APR 13-15, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE DE nanowire; SNSPD; array ID CIRCUIT; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate a 64-pixel free-space-coupled array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors optimized for high detection efficiency in the near-infrared range. An integrated, readily scalable, multiplexed readout scheme is employed to reduce the number of readout lines to 16. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to read out the array, as well as characterization measurements are discussed. C1 [Allman, M. S.; Verma, V. B.; Stevens, M.; Gerrits, T.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kumor, D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Allman, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-625-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9504 AR 950402 DI 10.1117/12.2181024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC9LO UT WOS:000356607100002 ER PT J AU Arnold, SR Emmons, LK Monks, SA Law, KS Ridley, DA Turquety, S Tilmes, S Thomas, JL Bouarar, I Flemming, J Huijnen, V Mao, J Duncan, BN Steenrod, S Yoshida, Y Langner, J Long, Y AF Arnold, S. R. Emmons, L. K. Monks, S. A. Law, K. S. Ridley, D. A. Turquety, S. Tilmes, S. Thomas, J. L. Bouarar, I. Flemming, J. Huijnen, V. Mao, J. Duncan, B. N. Steenrod, S. Yoshida, Y. Langner, J. Long, Y. TI Biomass burning influence on high-latitude tropospheric ozone and reactive nitrogen in summer 2008: a multi-model analysis based on POLMIP simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH NORTHERN LATITUDES; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE; LAGRANGIAN MODEL AB We have evaluated tropospheric ozone enhancement in air dominated by biomass burning emissions at high latitudes (>50 degrees N) in July 2008, using 10 global chemical transport model simulations from the POLMIP multimodel comparison exercise. In model air masses dominated by fire emissions, Delta O-3/Delta CO values ranged between 0.039 and 0.196 ppbv ppbv(-1) (mean: 0.113 ppbv ppbv(-1)) in freshly fire-influenced air, and between 0.140 and 0.261 ppbv ppb(-1) (mean: 0.193 ppbv) in more aged fire-influenced air. These values are in broad agreement with the range of observational estimates from the literature. Model Delta PAN/Delta CO enhancement ratios show distinct groupings according to the meteorological data used to drive the models. ECMWF-forced models produce larger Delta PAN/Delta CO values (4.47 to 7.00 pptv ppbv(-1)) than GEOS5-forced models (1.87 to 3.28 pptv ppbv(-1)), which we show is likely linked to differences in efficiency of vertical transport during poleward export from mid-latitude source regions. Simulations of a large plume of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions exported from towards the Arctic using a Lagrangian chemical transport model show that 4-day net ozone change in the plume is sensitive to differences in plume chemical composition and plume vertical position among the POLMIP models. In particular, Arctic ozone evolution in the plume is highly sensitive to initial concentrations of PAN, as well as oxygenated VOCs (acetone, acetaldehyde), due to their role in producing the peroxyacetyl radical PAN precursor. Vertical displacement is also important due to its effects on the stability of PAN, and subsequent effect on NOx abundance. In plumes where net ozone production is limited, we find that the lifetime of ozone in the plume is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide loading, due to the production of HOx from peroxide photolysis, and the key role of HO2 + O-3 in controlling ozone loss. Overall, our results suggest that emissions from biomass burning lead to large-scale photochemical enhancement in high-latitude tropospheric ozone during summer. C1 [Arnold, S. R.; Monks, S. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.] NCAR, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Bouarar, I.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Bouarar, I.] CNRS INSU, UMR 8190, Paris, France. [Ridley, D. A.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, UMR8539, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Flemming, J.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Duncan, B. N.; Steenrod, S.; Yoshida, Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Arnold, SR (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM s.arnold@leeds.ac.uk RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475 FU NCAR Advanced Study Program via a Faculty Fellowship award; NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division; EurEX project - UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H020241/1]; US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program [NNX08AD22G]; project Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) [Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01]; project Agence National de Recherche (ANR) CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU); European Union [283576]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research programme, SCAC FX S. R. Arnold acknowledges support from the NCAR Advanced Study Program via a Faculty Fellowship award, and the NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division. S. R. Arnold and S. A. Monks were supported by the EurEX project, funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (ref: NE/H020241/1). L. K. Emmons and S. Tilmes acknowledge the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. Author L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award No. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. Authors K. S. Law, J. L. Thomas, S. Turquety and Y. Long acknowledge support from projects Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01 and CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU). V. Huijnen acknowledges funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under Grant Agreement no. 283576. Contributions from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research programme, SCAC. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6047 EP 6068 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6047-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900004 ER PT J AU Millet, DB Baasandorj, M Farmer, DK Thornton, JA Baumann, K Brophy, P Chaliyakunnel, S de Gouw, JA Graus, M Hu, L Koss, A Lee, BH Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Neuman, JA Paulot, F Peischl, J Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Williams, BJ Xu, J AF Millet, D. B. Baasandorj, M. Farmer, D. K. Thornton, J. A. Baumann, K. Brophy, P. Chaliyakunnel, S. de Gouw, J. A. Graus, M. Hu, L. Koss, A. Lee, B. H. Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D. Neuman, J. A. Paulot, F. Peischl, J. Pollack, I. B. Ryerson, T. B. Warneke, C. Williams, B. J. Xu, J. TI A large and ubiquitous source of atmospheric formic acid SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE CH2OO; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; TALL TOWER MEASUREMENTS; US UPPER MIDWEST; OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; GAS-PHASE OZONOLYSIS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ACETIC-ACIDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant acids in the atmosphere, with an important influence on precipitation chemistry and acidity. Here we employ a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) to interpret recent airborne and ground-based measurements over the US Southeast in terms of the constraints they provide on HCOOH sources and sinks. Summertime boundary layer concentrations average several parts-per-billion, 2-3 x larger than can be explained based on known production and loss pathways. This indicates one or more large missing HCOOH sources, and suggests either a key gap in current understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation or a large, unidentified, direct flux of HCOOH. Model-measurement comparisons implicate biogenic sources (e. g., isoprene oxidation) as the predominant HCOOH source. Resolving the unexplained boundary layer concentrations based (i) solely on isoprene oxidation would require a 3 x increase in the model HCOOH yield, or (ii) solely on direct HCOOH emissions would require approximately a 25 x increase in its biogenic flux. However, neither of these can explain the high HCOOH amounts seen in anthropogenic air masses and in the free troposphere. The overall indication is of a large biogenic source combined with ubiquitous chemical production of HCOOH across a range of precursors. Laboratory work is needed to better quantify the rates and mechanisms of carboxylic acid production from isoprene and other prevalent organics. Stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCIs) provide a large model source of HCOOH, while acetaldehyde tautomerization accounts for similar to 15% of the simulated global burden. Because carboxylic acids also react with SCIs and catalyze the reverse tautomerization reaction, HCOOH buffers against its own production by both of these pathways. Based on recent laboratory results, reaction between CH3O2 and OH could provide a major source of atmospheric HCOOH; however, including this chemistry degrades the model simulation of CH3OOH and NOx : CH3OOH. Developing better constraints on SCI and RO2 + OH chemistry is a high priority for future work. The model neither captures the large diurnal amplitude in HCOOH seen in surface air, nor its inverted vertical gradient at night. This implies a substantial bias in our current representation of deposition as modulated by boundary layer dynamics, and may indicate an HCOOH sink underestimate and thus an even larger missing source. A more robust treatment of surface deposition is a key need for improving simulations of HCOOH and related trace gases, and our understanding of their budgets. C1 [Millet, D. B.; Baasandorj, M.; Chaliyakunnel, S.; Hu, L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55108 USA. [Farmer, D. K.; Brophy, P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Thornton, J. A.; Lee, B. H.; Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baumann, K.] Atmospheric Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Koss, A.; Neuman, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Graus, M.; Koss, A.; Neuman, J. A.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paulot, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Williams, B. J.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Xu, J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55108 USA. EM dbm@umn.edu RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Lee, Ben/G-7007-2014; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Lee, Ben/0000-0002-5057-2168; Hu, Lu/0000-0002-4892-454X FU National Science Foundation [1148951, 0937004]; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; Southern Company; EPRI; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [R835402]; EPA STAR [83540601] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants #1148951 and 0937004) and by the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. We are indebted to Jean-Francois Muller, John Orlando, Carl Percival, Andrew Rickard, Paul Shepson, Domenico Taraborrelli, and Paul Wennberg for a number of illuminating discussions that benefited this work. We thank John Holloway, Thomas Hanisco, Glenn Wolfe, and Frank Keutsch for providing CO and HCHO measurements during SENEX, as well as Ron Cohen, Bill Brune, David Tan, and Brian Heikes for providing NO, NO2, and CH3OOH measurements during INTEX-A and INTEX-B. SOAS measurements used here were performed at the Centreville, AL, SEARCH site, which is funded by Southern Company and EPRI. We thank Bob Yantosca for his work developing compatibility for GEOS-FP within GEOS-Chem. We also thank Jay Turner as well as Dhruv Mitroo and the rest of the ACT Lab at WUStL for their help during the SLAQRS deployment. BJW acknowledges the US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (grant #R835402) for support during SLAQRS. HCHO measurements during SENEX were also supported by EPA STAR (grant #83540601). This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 146 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 11 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6283 EP 6304 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6283-2015 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900018 ER PT J AU Creamean, JM Ault, AP White, AB Neiman, PJ Ralph, FM Minnis, P Prather, KA AF Creamean, J. M. Ault, A. P. White, A. B. Neiman, P. J. Ralph, F. M. Minnis, P. Prather, K. A. TI Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE ORGANICS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ICE-NUCLEATION; AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; INORGANIC SALT; NORTH-AMERICA; DUST; PARTICLES AB Aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) have the potential to profoundly influence precipitation processes. Furthermore, changes in orographic precipitation have broad implications for reservoir storage and flood risks. As part of the CalWater field campaign (2009-2011), the variability and associated impacts of different aerosol sources on precipitation were investigated in the California Sierra Nevada using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer for precipitation chemistry, S-band profiling radar for precipitation classification, remote sensing measurements of cloud properties, and surface meteorological measurements. The composition of insoluble residues in precipitation samples collected at a surface site contained mostly local biomass burning and longrange- transported dust and biological particles (2009), local sources of biomass burning and pollution (2010), and longrange transport (2011). Although differences in the sources of insoluble residues were observed from year to year, the most consistent source of dust and biological residues were associated with storms consisting of deep convective cloud systems with significant quantities of precipitation initiated in the ice phase. Further, biological residues were dominant (up to 40 %) during storms with relatively warm cloud temperatures (up to -15 degrees C), supporting the important role bioparticles can play as ice nucleating particles. On the other hand, lower percentages of residues from local biomass burning and pollution were observed over the three winter seasons (on average 31 and 9 %, respectively). When precipitation quantities were relatively low, these insoluble residues most likely served as CCN, forming smaller more numerous cloud droplets at the base of shallow cloud systems, and resulting in less efficient riming processes. Ultimately, the goal is to use such observations to improve the mechanistic linkages between aerosol sources and precipitation processes to produce more accurate predictive weather forecast models and improve water resource management. C1 [Creamean, J. M.; White, A. B.; Neiman, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Creamean, J. M.; Ault, A. P.; Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ralph, F. M.; Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU California Energy Commission [UCOP/CIEE C-09-07, CEC 500-09-043]; National Research Council; NASA; DOE ARM Program FX Surface meteorological measurements and S-PROF radar data were retrieved from NOAA HMT-West (http://hmt.noaa.gov/). Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission under contract UCOP/CIEE C-09-07 and CEC 500-09-043. J. Creamean was partially supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. P. Minnis was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program and the DOE ARM Program. J. Mayer, D. Collins, J. Cahill, M. Zauscher, E. Fitzgerald, C. Gaston, and M. Moore from UCSD provided assistance with equipment preparation and setup at SPD. The deployment of the NOAA and UCSD/SIO equipment at SPD involved many field staff, particularly C. King (NOAA). The Forest Hill Power Utility District is acknowledged for hosting the sampling site at SPD. A. Martin (UCSD), G. Wick (NOAA), and D. Gottas (NOAA) provided insightful discussions. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 11 BP 6535 EP 6548 DI 10.5194/acp-15-6535-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4GG UT WOS:000356180900034 ER PT J AU Nevison, CD Manizza, M Keeling, RF Kahru, M Bopp, L Dunne, J Tjiputra, J Ilyina, T Mitchell, BG AF Nevison, C. D. Manizza, M. Keeling, R. F. Kahru, M. Bopp, L. Dunne, J. Tjiputra, J. Ilyina, T. Mitchell, B. G. TI Evaluating the ocean biogeochemical components of Earth system models using atmospheric potential oxygen and ocean color data (vol 12, pg 193, 2015) SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Nevison, C. D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manizza, M.; Keeling, R. F.; Kahru, M.; Mitchell, B. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bopp, L.] CNRS CEA UVSQ, UMR8212, IPSL LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dunne, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Ilyina, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Nevison, CD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cynthia.nevison@colorado.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 10 BP 2891 EP 2891 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2891-2015 PG 1 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CK4FW UT WOS:000356179300005 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KB Lin, J Frolicher, TL AF Rodgers, K. B. Lin, J. Froelicher, T. L. TI Emergence of multiple ocean ecosystem drivers in a large ensemble suite with an Earth system model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CMIP5 MODELS; PART I; CO2; FORMULATION; TRENDS AB Marine ecosystems are increasingly stressed by human-induced changes. Marine ecosystem drivers that contribute to stressing ecosystems - including warming, acidification, deoxygenation and perturbations to biological productivity - can co-occur in space and time, but detecting their trends is complicated by the presence of noise associated with natural variability in the climate system. Here we use large initial-condition ensemble simulations with an Earth system model under a historical/RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathway 8.5) scenario over 1950-2100 to consider emergence characteristics for the four individual and combined drivers. Using a 1-standard-deviation (67% confidence) threshold of signal to noise to define emergence with a 30-year trend window, we show that ocean acidification emerges much earlier than other drivers, namely during the 20th century over most of the global ocean. For biological productivity, the anthropogenic signal does not emerge from the noise over most of the global ocean before the end of the 21st century. The early emergence pattern for sea surface temperature in low latitudes is reversed from that of subsurface oxygen inventories, where emergence occurs earlier in the Southern Ocean. For the combined multiple-driver field, 41% of the global ocean exhibits emergence for the 2005-2014 period, and 63% for the 2075-2084 period. The combined multiple-driver field reveals emergence patterns by the end of this century that are relatively high over much of the Southern Ocean, North Pacific, and Atlantic, but relatively low over the tropics and the South Pacific. For the case of two drivers, the tropics including habitats of coral reefs emerges earliest, with this driven by the joint effects of acidification and warming. It is precisely in the regions with pronounced emergence characteristics where marine ecosystems may be expected to be pushed outside of their comfort zone determined by the degree of natural background variability to which they are adapted. The results underscore the importance of sustained multi-decadal observing systems for monitoring multiple ecosystems drivers. C1 [Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Froelicher, T. L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Rodgers, KB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM krodgers@princeton.edu RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO); NOAA [NA11OAR4310066]; NASA [NNX14AL85G]; SNSF [PZ00P2_142573]; Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI); [NA17RJ2612]; [NA08OAR4320752] FX First and foremost, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the editor (J.-P. Gatusso) for their constructive comments and criticisms. The contribution of K. B. Rodgers came through awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO), and NOAA award NA11OAR4310066. Support for K. B. Rodgers was also provided through NASA award NNX14AL85G. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the US Department of Commerce. T.L. Frolicher acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). J. Lin's work in a summer internship was supported through the Princeton Environmental Institute (PEI). The authors would like to thank John Dunne at GFDL for his contributions with model development and for access to computing resources. We would also like to thank Joe Majkut, Brendan Carter, Niki Gruber, Jorge Sarmiento, Richard Slater, Paul Yi, and Sarah Schlunegger for fruitful discussions. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3301 EP 3320 DI 10.5194/bg-12-3301-2015 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CK4FZ UT WOS:000356179800010 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Dietrich, JP AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Pathogenicity of Members of the Vibrionaceae Family to Cultured Juvenile Sablefish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; FISH PATHOGEN; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ANGUILLARUM; STRAINS; ENVIRONMENT; VIBRIOSIS; DISEASES; LARVAE AB Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria are a prized seafood species due to their high oil content and white flaky flesh. Raising these species in culture can help to provide an important source of protein for humans and relief to declining wild fish populations. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the production of Sablefish is important for successful culturing. The significance of host-pathogen interactions in Sablefish culture and the resulting environmental implications are unknown. Pathogens could potentially cause losses of cultured Sablefish stocks due to disease, while Sablefish cultured in net pens may also serve as reservoirs for pathogens and potentially transmit disease to wild fish species. In this initial study, the susceptibility of juvenile Sablefish to three bacterial pathogens from the family Vibrionaceae was examined. Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio ordalii, and V. splendidus can pose serious economic threats to cultured fish and shellfish. Groups of juvenile Sablefish were exposed to five concentrations of each of the pathogens. Sablefish were susceptible to L. anguillarum, but were resistant to V. ordalii and V. splendidus at exposure concentrations of <= 1.32 x 10(7) CFU/mL and <= 3.57 x 10(6) CFU/mL, respectively. The greatest L. anguillarum concentration examined (8.7 x 10(6) CFU/mL) resulted in 24% mortality in juvenile Sablefish. A 24% loss of Sablefish stock could significantly influence an aquaculture program. As determined by multiple logistic regression, the survival of Sablefish to L. anguillarum exposure was significantly affected by their body mass, and larger fish had a greater probability of survival. Aquaculture operations could employ various strategies to minimize the loss of juvenile Sablefish by accounting for their size and known susceptibilities to pathogens. C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2032 Southeast OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Aquaculture FX The NOAA Office of Aquaculture provided funds. We thank Rick Goetz and Bill Fairgrieve of NOAA Manchester Research Station for supplying the juvenile Sablefish and for insightful comments on the experimental design and manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 EI 1548-8667 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PY 2015 VL 27 IS 2 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1080/08997659.2015.1019159 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CK7AP UT WOS:000356381800004 PM 25970236 ER PT J AU Bryant, R Bundy, M Zong, RW AF Bryant, Rodney Bundy, Matthew Zong, Ruowen TI Evaluating measurements of carbon dioxide emissions using a precision sourceA natural gas burner SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A natural gas burner has been used as a precise and accurate source for generating large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) to evaluate emissions measurements at near-industrial scale. Two methods for determining carbon dioxide emissions from stationary sources are considered here: predicting emissions based on fuel consumption measurementspredicted emissions measurements, and direct measurement of emissions quantities in the flue gasdirect emissions measurements. Uncertainty for the predicted emissions measurement was estimated at less than 1%. Uncertainty estimates for the direct emissions measurement of carbon dioxide were on the order of 4%. The relative difference between the direct emissions measurements and the predicted emissions measurements was within the range of the measurement uncertainty, therefore demonstrating good agreement. The study demonstrates how independent methods are used to validate source emissions measurements, while also demonstrating how a fire research facility can be used as a precision test-bed to evaluate and improve carbon dioxide emissions measurements from stationary sources.Implications: Fossil-fuel-consuming stationary sources such as electric power plants and industrial facilities account for more than half of the CO2 emissions in the United States. Therefore, accurate emissions measurements from these sources are critical for evaluating efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study demonstrates how a surrogate for a stationary source, a fire research facility, can be used to evaluate the accuracy of measurements of CO2 emissions. C1 [Bryant, Rodney; Bundy, Matthew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zong, Ruowen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Bryant, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Special Programs-Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measure ments FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical and engineering support provided by Marco Fernandez, Laurean DeLauter, Doris Rinehart, and Anthony Chakalis, data acquisition support provided by Artur Chernovsky, and data analysis support provided by R. Paul Borthwick. We are also grateful for the technical guidance provided by Anthony Hamins and Jiann Yang. Research support by the NIST Office of Special Programs-Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measure ments, James Whetstone Program Manager-is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 7 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1080/10962247.2015.1031294 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6YJ UT WOS:000356374800013 PM 26079560 ER PT J AU Druzhinin, OA Ostrovsky, LA AF Druzhinin, O. A. Ostrovsky, L. A. TI Dynamics of turbulence under the effect of stratification and internal waves SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; GRAVITY-WAVES; FLUCTUATIONS; SURFACE; LAYER AB The objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of small-scale turbulence near a pycnocline, both in the free regime and under the action of an internal gravity wave (IW) propagating along a pycnocline, using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Turbulence is initially induced in a horizontal layer at some distance above the pycnocline. The velocity and density fields of IWs propagating in the pycnocline are also prescribed as an initial condition. The IW wavelength is considered to be larger by the order of magnitude as compared to the initial turbulence integral length scale. Stratification in the pycnocline is considered to be sufficiently strong so that the effects of turbulent mixing remain negligible. The dynamics of turbulence is studied both with and without an initially induced IW. The DNS results show that, in the absence of an IW, turbulence decays, but its decay rate is reduced in the vicinity of the pycnocline, where stratification effects are significant. In this case, at sufficiently late times, most of the turbulent energy is located in a layer close to the pycnocline center. Here, turbulent eddies are collapsed in the vertical direction and acquire the "pancake" shape. IW modifies turbulence dynamics, in that the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is significantly enhanced as compared to the TKE in the absence of IW. As in the case without IW, most of the turbulent energy is localized in the vicinity of the pycnocline center. Here, the TKE spectrum is considerably enhanced in the entire wave-number range as compared to the TKE spectrum in the absence of IW. C1 [Druzhinin, O. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Ostrovsky, L. A.] NOAA, Environm Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Druzhinin, OA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. EM druzhinin@hydro.appl.sci-nnov.ru FU RFBR [14-05-00367, 15-05-02430] FX This work was supported by RFBR (Project Nos. 14-05-00367, 15-05-02430). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.5194/npg-22-337-2015 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL1AM UT WOS:000356674400007 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Robey, SW AF Dutton, Gregory J. Robey, Steven W. TI Non-fullerene acceptors: exciton dissociation with PTCDA versus C-60 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITONS; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; TRANSFER STATES; ENERGY; DEPENDENCE AB Extensive development of new polymer and small molecule donors has helped produce a steady increase in the efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. However, OPV technology would also benefit from the introduction of non-fullerene acceptors. Unfortunately, efforts to replace fullerenes have typically led to significantly reduced efficiencies. A number of possible explanations for reduced efficiencies with non-fullerene acceptors compared to fullerene acceptors have been suggested, including the formation of unfavorable morphologies in non-fullerene systems and/or favorable excitation/carrier delocalization in fullerenes. In addition, enhanced exciton dissociation associated with fundamental characteristics of the fullerene molecular electronic states has also been suggested. We used time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) to directly compare exciton dissociation at interfaces between zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) interfaces and the non-fullerene acceptor, perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) versus dissociation measured at the analogous interface with C-60, and thus help discriminate between these potential explanations. Exciton dissociation rates are comparable for phthalocyanine interfaces with both acceptors, allowing us to suggest a hierarchy for the importance of various effects producing higher efficiencies with fullerene acceptors. C1 [Dutton, Gregory J.; Robey, Steven W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Robey, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov RI Dutton, Gregory/J-8870-2016 OI Dutton, Gregory/0000-0002-1483-604X NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 70 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 24 BP 15953 EP 15962 DI 10.1039/c5cp02800k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CK2QL UT WOS:000356056000054 PM 26027544 ER PT J AU Vargas-Lara, F Douglas, JF AF Vargas-Lara, Fernando Douglas, Jack F. TI Confronting the complexity of CNT materials SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTIVITY; MORPHOLOGY; DISPERSION AB The morphology of commercially available carbon nanotube materials is often much more complex than the term "carbon nanotube'' (CNT) would imply. Commercial CNT materials are typically composed of roughly spherical CNT domains having a highly ramified internal structure and a size on the order of microns. Clearly, such structures cannot reasonably be modeled as "rods''. To address this problem, we first perform molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to generate structures similar to those measured experimentally, based on the presumptions that CNT domains are composed of worm-like cylinders having observed persistence lengths and that these CNTs are confined to spherical domains having the observed average domain size. This simple model generates structures remarkably similar to those observed experimentally. We then consider numerical path-integral computations to calculate the self-capacitance C and intrinsic conductivity [sigma](infinity) of these CNT rich domains. This information is then incorporated in a generalized effective medium theory to estimate the conductivity of bulk composite materials composed of these complex-shaped "particles''. We term these CNT structures "tumbleweeds'', given their evident morphological similarity to this naturally occurring growth form. Based on this model, we find that the conductivity percolation threshold of the tumbleweeds can be quite low, despite their quasi-spherical average shape. We also examine the structure factor S(q) of the CNT-rich domains as function of the number N of CNTs within them, to aid in the structural characterization of CNT nanocomposites. The structure factor S(q) of our model tumbleweed is found to resemble that of hyperbranched, star and dendrimer polymers, and also domain structures observed in polyelectrolytes. Commercial CNT materials at high loading should then have physical features in common with suspension of "soft'' colloidal particles by virtue of their deformability and roughly spherical shape. C1 [Vargas-Lara, Fernando; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vargas-Lara, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM luis.vargas@nist.gov; jdouglas@nist.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 24 BP 4888 EP 4898 DI 10.1039/c5sm00912j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CK5YQ UT WOS:000356304800015 PM 26008627 ER PT J AU Yager, KG Forrey, C Singh, G Satija, SK Page, KA Patton, DL Douglas, JF Jones, RL Karim, A AF Yager, Kevin G. Forrey, Christopher Singh, Gurpreet Satija, Sushil K. Page, Kirt A. Patton, Derek L. Douglas, Jack F. Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir TI Thermally-induced transition of lamellae orientation in block-copolymer films on 'neutral' nanoparticle-coated substrates SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MOVING TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; SELECTIVELY ASSOCIATING HOMOPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CYLINDRICAL DOMAINS; PERPENDICULAR ORIENTATION; PATTERN-FORMATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Block-copolymer orientation in thin films is controlled by the complex balance between interfacial free energies, including the inter-block segregation strength, the surface tensions of the blocks, and the relative substrate interactions. While block-copolymer lamellae orient horizontally when there is any preferential affinity of one block for the substrate, we recently described how nanoparticle-roughened substrates can be used to modify substrate interactions. We demonstrate how such 'neutral' substrates can be combined with control of annealing temperature to generate vertical lamellae orientations throughout a sample, at all thicknesses. We observe an orientational transition from vertical to horizontal lamellae upon heating, as confirmed using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), neutron reflectometry (NR) and rotational small-angle neutron scattering (RSANS). Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identify substrate-localized distortions to the lamellar morphology as the physical basis of the novel behavior. In particular, under strong segregation conditions, bending of horizontal lamellae induce a large energetic cost. At higher temperatures, the energetic cost of conformal deformations of lamellae over the rough substrate is reduced, returning lamellae to the typical horizontal orientation. Thus, we find that both surface interactions and temperature play a crucial role in dictating block-copolymer lamellae orientation. Our combined experimental and simulation findings suggest that controlling substrate roughness should provide a useful and robust platform for controlling block-copolymer orientation in applications of these materials. C1 [Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Forrey, Christopher] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Singh, Gurpreet; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Page, Kirt A.; Douglas, Jack F.; Jones, Ronald L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patton, Derek L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Yager, KG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kyager@bnl.gov; alamgir@uakron.edu RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Work carried out in part in the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank the Division of Electrical and Software Engineering (FDA) for use of the high performance computing facilities and the Division of Imaging and Applied Mathematics (FDA) for additional computational time. Acknowledgment by AK is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, New Directions (ACS-PRF ND) for partial support of this research. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 25 BP 5154 EP 5167 DI 10.1039/c5sm00896d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CK7EM UT WOS:000356394400020 PM 26053660 ER PT J AU Arkhipkin, AI Rodhouse, PGK Pierce, GJ Sauer, W Sakai, M Allcock, L Arguelles, J Bower, JR Castillo, G Ceriola, L Chen, CS Chen, XJ Diaz-Santana, M Downey, N Gonzalez, AF Amores, JG Green, CP Guerra, A Hendrickson, LC Ibanez, C Ito, K Jereb, P Kato, Y Katugin, ON Kawano, M Kidokoro, H Kulik, VV Laptikhovsky, VV Lipinski, MR Liu, BL Mariategui, L Marin, W Medina, A Miki, K Miyahara, K Moltschaniwskyj, N Moustahfid, H Nabhitabhata, J Nanjo, N Nigmatullin, CM Ohtani, T Pecl, G Perez, JAA Piatkowski, U Saikliang, P Salinas-Zavala, CA Steer, M Tian, YJ Ueta, Y Vijai, D Wakabayashi, T Yamaguchi, T Yamashiro, C Yamashita, N Zeidberg, LD AF Arkhipkin, Alexander I. Rodhouse, Paul G. K. Pierce, Graham J. Sauer, Warwick Sakai, Mitsuo Allcock, Louise Arguelles, Juan Bower, John R. Castillo, Gladis Ceriola, Luca Chen, Chih-Shin Chen, Xinjun Diaz-Santana, Mariana Downey, Nicola Gonzalez, Angel F. Granados Amores, Jasmin Green, Corey P. Guerra, Angel Hendrickson, Lisa C. Ibanez, Christian Ito, Kingo Jereb, Patrizia Kato, Yoshiki Katugin, Oleg N. Kawano, Mitsuhisa Kidokoro, Hideaki Kulik, Vladimir V. Laptikhovsky, Vladimir V. Lipinski, Marek R. Liu, Bilin Mariategui, Luis Marin, Wilbert Medina, Ana Miki, Katsuhiro Miyahara, Kazutaka Moltschaniwskyj, Natalie Moustahfid, Hassan Nabhitabhata, Jaruwat Nanjo, Nobuaki Nigmatullin, Chingis M. Ohtani, Tetsuya Pecl, Gretta Perez, J. Angel A. Piatkowski, Uwe Saikliang, Pirochana Salinas-Zavala, Cesar A. Steer, Michael Tian, Yongjun Ueta, Yukio Vijai, Dharmamony Wakabayashi, Toshie Yamaguchi, Tadanori Yamashiro, Carmen Yamashita, Norio Zeidberg, Louis D. TI World Squid Fisheries SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE catch; Cephalopoda; fisheries; lifecycle; squid ID LOLIGO-VULGARIS-REYNAUDII; SHORT-FINNED-SQUID; NEON FLYING SQUID; CALAMARY SEPIOTEUTHIS-AUSTRALIS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TODAROPSIS-EBLANAE CEPHALOPODA; TODARODES-SAGITTATUS CEPHALOPODA; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS CEPHALOPODA; ILLEX-COINDETII CEPHALOPODA; NORTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN AB Some 290 species of squids comprise the order Teuthida that belongs to the molluscan Class Cephalopoda. Of these, about 30-40 squid species have substantial commercial importance around the world. Squid fisheries make a rather small contribution to world landings from capture fisheries relative to that of fish, but the proportion has increased steadily over the last decade, with some signs of recent leveling off. The present overview describes all substantial squid fisheries around the globe. The main ecological and biological features of exploited stocks, and key aspects of fisheries management are presented for each commercial species of squid worldwide. The history and fishing methods used in squid fisheries are also described. Special attention has been paid to interactions between squid fisheries and marine ecosystems including the effects of fishing gear, the role of squid in ecosystem change induced by overfishing on groundfish, and ecosystem-based fishery management. C1 [Arkhipkin, Alexander I.] Dept Fisheries, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Island, Italy. [Rodhouse, Paul G. K.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Pierce, Graham J.] Univ Aberdeen, Oceanlab, Newburgh, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Pierce, Graham J.; Lipinski, Marek R.] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Pierce, Graham J.; Lipinski, Marek R.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal. [Sauer, Warwick; Downey, Nicola] Rhodes Univ, Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Sakai, Mitsuo; Kato, Yoshiki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan. [Allcock, Louise] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Arguelles, Juan; Castillo, Gladis; Mariategui, Luis; Marin, Wilbert; Medina, Ana; Yamashiro, Carmen] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Callao, Peru. [Bower, John R.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. [Ceriola, Luca] FAO MedSudMed, Rome, Italy. [Chen, Chih-Shin] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Affairs & Resource Management, Keelung, Taiwan. [Chen, Xinjun; Liu, Bilin] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Diaz-Santana, Mariana] IPN, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. [Gonzalez, Angel F.; Guerra, Angel] Inst Invest Marinas CSIC, Vigo, Spain. [Granados Amores, Jasmin; Salinas-Zavala, Cesar A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. [Green, Corey P.] Fisheries Victoria, Dept Environm & Primary Ind, Queenscliff, Vic, Australia. [Hendrickson, Lisa C.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Ibanez, Christian] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Ito, Kingo] Aomori Prefectural Ind Technol Res Ctr, Fisheries Res Inst, Aomori, Japan. [Jereb, Patrizia] ISPRA, Rome, Italy. [Katugin, Oleg N.; Kulik, Vladimir V.] TINRO Ctr, Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Vladivostok, Russia. [Kawano, Mitsuhisa] Yamaguchi Prefectural Fisheries Res Ctr, Nagato, Yamaguchi, Japan. [Kidokoro, Hideaki; Tian, Yongjun] Fisheries Res Agcy, Japan Sea Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Niigata, Japan. [Laptikhovsky, Vladimir V.] CEFAS, Div Fisheries, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. [Miki, Katsuhiro] Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Miyahara, Kazutaka] Hyogo Fisheries Technol Inst, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan. [Moltschaniwskyj, Natalie] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia. [Moustahfid, Hassan] NOAA, US IOOS, Operat Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nabhitabhata, Jaruwat] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Sci, Excellence Ctr Biodivers Peninsular Thailand CBIP, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. [Nanjo, Nobuaki] Toyama Prefectural Agr Forestry & Fisheries Res C, Fisheries Res Inst, Toyama, Japan. [Nigmatullin, Chingis M.] Atlantic Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog Atla, Kaliningrad, Russia. [Ohtani, Tetsuya] Hyogo Prefectural Technol Ctr Agr Forestry & Fish, Tajima Fisheries Technol Inst, Mikata, Hyogo, Japan. [Pecl, Gretta] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Perez, J. Angel A.] Univ Vale Itajai UNIVALI, Ctr Ciencias Tecnol Terra & Mar CTTMar, Itajai, SC, Brazil. [Piatkowski, Uwe] Leibniz Inst Marine Sci IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Saikliang, Pirochana] Bur Fisheries Expert, Dept Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand. [Steer, Michael] South Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci, Henley Beach, SA, Australia. [Ueta, Yukio] Tokushima Agr Forestry & Fishery Technol & Suppor, Fisheries Res Inst, Tokushima, Japan. [Vijai, Dharmamony] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. [Wakabayashi, Toshie] Natl Fisheries Univ, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Tadanori] Saga Prefectural Genkai Fisheries Res & Dev Ctr, Karatsu, Saga, Japan. [Yamashita, Norio] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. [Zeidberg, Louis D.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Monterey, CA USA. RP Arkhipkin, AI (reprint author), Dept Fisheries, Bypass Rd, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Island, Italy. EM AArkhipkin@fisheries.gov.fk RI Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; Vijai, Dharmamony/E-8824-2016; Ibanez, Christian/B-9700-2009; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015; Pecl, Gretta/D-7267-2011; Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011; OI Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; Vijai, Dharmamony/0000-0002-9120-8880; Pecl, Gretta/0000-0003-0192-4339; Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817; Pierce, Graham/0000-0002-4744-4501; Moltschaniwskyj, Natalie/0000-0001-9709-9876 FU Pharma Marine AS, Norway, processors of omega-3 oils from squid trimmings FX Gold Open Access of this paper was generously sponsored by Pharma Marine AS, Norway, processors of omega-3 oils from squid trimmings, for the Nutriceutical market. NR 1040 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2330-8249 EI 2330-8257 J9 REV FISH SCI AQUAC JI Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.. PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 SI SI BP 92 EP 252 DI 10.1080/23308249.2015.1026226 PG 161 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CK2CY UT WOS:000356018800002 ER PT J AU Gao, F Huang, XY Jacobs, NA Wang, HL AF Gao, Feng Huang, Xiang-Yu Jacobs, Neil A. Wang, Hongli TI Assimilation of wind speed and direction observations: results from real observation experiments SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE WRFDA; observation operator; observation error; quality control; variational assimilation ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; ERRORS; AIRCRAFT; TAMDAR; SYSTEM AB The assimilation of wind observations in the form of speed and direction (asm_sd) by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Data Assimilation System (WRFDA) was performed using real data and employing a series of cycling assimilation experiments for a 2-week period, as a follow-up for an idealised post hoc assimilation experiment. The satellite-derived Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) and surface dataset in Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) were assimilated. This new method takes into account the observation errors of both wind speed (spd) and direction (dir), and WRFDA background quality control (BKG-QC) influences the choice of wind observations, due to data conversions between (u,v) and (spd, dir). The impacts of BKG-QC, as well as the new method, on the wind analysis were analysed separately. Because the dir observational errors produced by different platforms are not known or tuned well in WRFDA, a practical method, which uses similar assimilation weights in comparative trials, was employed to estimate the spd and dir observation errors. The asm_sd produces positive impacts on analyses and short-range forecasts of spd and dir with smaller root-mean-square errors than the u, v-based system. The bias of spd analysis decreases by 54.8%. These improvements result partly from BKG-QC screening of spd and dir observations in a direct way, but mainly from the independent impact of spd (dir) data assimilation on spd (dir) analysis, which is the primary distinction from the standard WRFDA method. The potential impacts of asm_sd on precipitation forecasts were evaluated. Results demonstrate that the asm_sd is able to indirectly improve the precipitation forecasts by improving the prediction accuracies of key wind-related factors leading to precipitation (e.g. warm moist advection and frontogenesis). C1 [Gao, Feng] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huang, Xiang-Yu] Meteorol Serv Singapore, Ctr Climate Res Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Jacobs, Neil A.] Panasonic Avionics Corp, Morrisville, NC USA. [Wang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wang, Hongli] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fgao@ucar.edu RI Wang, Hongli/C-4579-2012 OI Wang, Hongli/0000-0003-0855-6743 FU National Natural Science Foundation [41430427]; 973 program [2013CB430102]; Panasonic Avionics Corporation FX The authors thank Jun-Mei Ban (NCAR) for the converting code of NCEP Stage IV precipitation analysis. We are also grateful for the invaluable comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers. The first author acknowledges the support of National Natural Science Foundation (41430427), 973 program (2013CB430102) and Panasonic Avionics Corporation. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2015 VL 67 AR 27132 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v67.27132 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CK2EE UT WOS:000356022600001 ER PT J AU Bocquet, M Elbern, H Eskes, H Hirtl, M Zabkar, R Carmichael, GR Flemming, J Inness, A Pagowski, M Camano, JLP Saide, PE San Jose, R Sofiev, M Vira, J Baklanov, A Carnevale, C Grell, G Seigneur, C AF Bocquet, M. Elbern, H. Eskes, H. Hirtl, M. Zabkar, R. Carmichael, G. R. Flemming, J. Inness, A. Pagowski, M. Perez Camano, J. L. Saide, P. E. San Jose, R. Sofiev, M. Vira, J. Baklanov, A. Carnevale, C. Grell, G. Seigneur, C. TI Data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models: current status and future prospects for coupled chemistry meteorology models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; CHEMICAL-DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; UNDERGROUND RAILWAY STATION; AIR-QUALITY; TRANSPORT MODEL; PART I AB Data assimilation is used in atmospheric chemistry models to improve air quality forecasts, construct re-analyses of three-dimensional chemical (including aerosol) concentrations and perform inverse modeling of input variables or model parameters (e.g., emissions). Coupled chemistry meteorology models (CCMM) are atmospheric chemistry models that simulate meteorological processes and chemical transformations jointly. They offer the possibility to assimilate both meteorological and chemical data; however, because CCMM are fairly recent, data assimilation in CCMM has been limited to date. We review here the current status of data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models with a particular focus on future prospects for data assimilation in CCMM. We first review the methods available for data assimilation in atmospheric models, including variational methods, ensemble Kalman filters, and hybrid methods. Next, we review past applications that have included chemical data assimilation in chemical transport models (CTM) and in CCMM. Observational data sets available for chemical data assimilation are described, including surface data, surface-based remote sensing, airborne data, and satellite data. Several case studies of chemical data assimilation in CCMM are presented to highlight the benefits obtained by assimilating chemical data in CCMM. A case study of data assimilation to constrain emissions is also presented. There are few examples to date of joint meteorological and chemical data assimilation in CCMM and potential difficulties associated with data assimilation in CCMM are discussed. As the number of variables being assimilated increases, it is essential to characterize correctly the errors; in particular, the specification of error cross-correlations may be problematic. In some cases, offline diagnostics are necessary to ensure that data assimilation can truly improve model performance. However, the main challenge is likely to be the paucity of chemical data available for assimilation in CCMM. C1 [Bocquet, M.; Seigneur, C.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab Ecole Ponts Paris Tech EDF R&D, Marne La Vallee, France. [Bocquet, M.] Paris Rocquencourt Res Ctr, INRIA, Rocquencourt, France. [Elbern, H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Eskes, H.] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Hirtl, M.] Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. [Zabkar, R.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Carmichael, G. R.; Saide, P. E.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Flemming, J.; Inness, A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pagowski, M.; Grell, G.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Perez Camano, J. L.; San Jose, R.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Madrid, Spain. [Sofiev, M.; Vira, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Baklanov, A.] WMO, Geneva, Switzerland. [Baklanov, A.] DMI, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Carnevale, C.] Univ Brescia, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Brescia, Italy. RP Seigneur, C (reprint author), Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab Ecole Ponts Paris Tech EDF R&D, Marne La Vallee, France. EM seigneur@cerea.enpc.fr RI Bocquet, Marc/E-1966-2011; pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; Sofiev, Mikhail/F-7606-2016; Elbern, Hendrik/J-8672-2012 OI Bocquet, Marc/0000-0003-2675-0347; pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; Sofiev, Mikhail/0000-0001-9542-5746; Elbern, Hendrik/0000-0002-5746-4506 FU COST Action [ES1004 EuMetChem] FX This work was realized within and supported by the COST Action ES1004 EuMetChem. NR 227 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5325 EP 5358 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5325-2015 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200001 ER PT J AU Koss, AR de Gouw, J Warneke, C Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Graus, M Yuan, B Edwards, P Brown, SS Wild, R Roberts, JM Bates, TS Quinn, PK AF Koss, A. R. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Gilman, J. B. Lerner, B. M. Graus, M. Yuan, B. Edwards, P. Brown, S. S. Wild, R. Roberts, J. M. Bates, T. S. Quinn, P. K. TI Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds associated with oil and natural gas extraction in the Uintah Basin, UT, during a wintertime ozone formation event SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; METHANE; EMISSIONS; RADICALS; REGION; HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERE; OXIDATION; INDUSTRY AB High concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and natural gas extraction were measured during a strong temperature inversion in the winter of 2013 at a rural site in the Uintah Basin, Utah. During this period, photochemistry enhanced by the stagnant meteorological conditions and concentrated VOCs led to high ozone mixing ratios (150 ppbv). A simple analysis of aromatic VOCs measured by proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) is used to estimate (1) VOC emission ratios (the ratio of two VOCs at the time of emission) relative to benzene, (2) aromatic VOC emission rates, and (3) ambient OH radical concentrations. These quantities are determined from a best fit to VOC: benzene ratios as a function of time. The main findings are that (1) emission ratios are consistent with contributions from both oil and gas producing wells; (2) the emission rate of methane (27-57 x 10(3) kg methane h(-1)), extrapolated from the emission rate of benzene (4.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) molecules cm(-3) s(-1)), agrees with an independent estimate of methane emissions from aircraft measurements in 2012; and (3) calculated daily OH concentrations are low, peaking at 1 x 10(6) molecules cm(-3), and are consistent with Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) modeling. The analysis is extended to photochemical production of oxygenated VOCs measured by PTR-MS and is able to explain daytime variability of these species. It is not able to completely reproduce nighttime behavior, possibly due to surface deposition. Using results from this analysis, the carbon mass of secondary compounds expected to have formed by the sixth day of the stagnation event was calculated, then compared to the measured mass of primary and secondary compounds. Only 17% of the expected secondary carbon mass is accounted for by gas phase, aerosol, and snow organic carbon measurements. The disparity is likely due to substantial amounts of unquantified oxygenated products. C1 [Koss, A. R.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Graus, M.; Yuan, B.; Edwards, P.; Wild, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koss, A. R.; de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Graus, M.; Yuan, B.; Edwards, P.; Brown, S. S.; Wild, R.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Koss, AR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM abigail.koss@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012 OI Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah State University; Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle Program FX The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a joint project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and supported by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Utah State University. This work was funded in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle Program. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. We thank Colm Sweeney (NOAA GMD) for the use of a Picarro methane instrument, and Shane Murphy and Jeffrey Soltis (University of Wyoming) for the use of a Picarro methane instrument. We thank NOAA Physical Sciences Division for the use of meteorology data, and NOAA Global Monitoring Division for the use of balloon sonde data. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5727 EP 5741 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5727-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200025 ER PT J AU Hayes, PL Carlton, AG Baker, KR Ahmadov, R Washenfelder, RA Alvarez, S Rappengluck, B Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Zotter, P Prevot, ASH Szidat, S Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Ma, PK Jimenez, JL AF Hayes, P. L. Carlton, A. G. Baker, K. R. Ahmadov, R. Washenfelder, R. A. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Zotter, P. Prevot, A. S. H. Szidat, S. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Ma, P. K. Jimenez, J. L. TI Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols in Los Angeles during CalNex 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; TRACER COMPOUNDS; ELEMENTAL RATIO; UNITED-STATES; AQUEOUS-PHASE; SOA FORMATION AB Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 campaign. We constrain the model predictions with measurements from several platforms and compare predictions with particle-and gas-phase observations from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. That site provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation close to anthropogenic emission sources with limited recirculation. The model SOA that formed only from the oxidation of VOCs (V-SOA) is insufficient to explain the observed SOA concentrations, even when using SOA parameterizations with multi-generation oxidation that produce much higher yields than have been observed in chamber experiments, or when increasing yields to their upper limit estimates accounting for recently reported losses of vapors to chamber walls. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model (version 5.0.1) provides excellent predictions of secondary inorganic particle species but underestimates the observed SOA mass by a factor of 25 when an older VOC-only parameterization is used, which is consistent with many previous model-measurement comparisons for pre-2007 anthropogenic SOA modules in urban areas. Including SOA from primary semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (P-S/IVOCs) following the parameterizations of Robinson et al. (2007), Grieshop et al. (2009), or Pye and Seinfeld (2010) improves model-measurement agreement for mass concentration. The results from the three parameterizations show large differences (e.g., a factor of 3 in SOA mass) and are not well constrained, underscoring the current uncertainties in this area. Our results strongly suggest that other precursors besides VOCs, such as P-S/IVOCs, are needed to explain the observed SOA concentrations in Pasadena. All the recent parameterizations overpredict urban SOA formation at long photochemical ages (approximate to 3 days) compared to observations from multiple sites, which can lead to problems in regional and especially global modeling. However, reducing IVOC emissions by one-half in the model to better match recent IVOC measurements improves SOA predictions at these long photochemical ages. Among the explicitly modeled VOCs, the precursor compounds that contribute the greatest SOA mass are methylbenzenes. Measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) contribute 0.7% of the modeled SOA mass. The amounts of SOA mass from diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and cooking emissions are estimated to be 16-27, 35-61, and 19-35 %, respectively, depending on the parameterization used, which is consistent with the observed fossil fraction of urban SOA, 71(+/- 3) %. The relative contribution of each source is uncertain by almost a factor of 2 depending on the parameterization used. In-basin biogenic VOCs are predicted to contribute only a few percent to SOA. A regional SOA background of approximately 2.1 mu g m(-3) is also present due to the long-distance transport of highly aged OA, likely with a substantial contribution from regional biogenic SOA. The percentage of SOA from diesel vehicle emissions is the same, within the estimated uncertainty, as reported in previous work that analyzed the weekly cycles in OA concentrations (Bahreini et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). However, the modeling work presented here suggests a strong anthropogenic source of modern carbon in SOA, due to cooking emissions, which was not accounted for in those previous studies and which is higher on weekends. Lastly, this work adapts a simple two-parameter model to predict SOA concentration and O/C from urban emissions. This model successfully predicts SOA concentration, and the optimal parameter combination is very similar to that found for Mexico City. This approach provides a computationally inexpensive method for predicting urban SOA in global and climate models. We estimate pollution SOA to account for 26 Tg yr(-1) of SOA globally, or 17% of global SOA, one-third of which is likely to be non-fossil. C1 [Hayes, P. L.; Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Ma, P. K.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Baker, K. R.; Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ahmadov, R.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Zotter, P.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Hayes, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.hayes@umontreal.ca; jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009 OI Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024 FU US DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NSERC; Universite de Montreal; US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; [CARB 08-319]; [CARB 11-305] FX This work was partially supported by CARB 08-319 and CARB 11-305; US DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0006711, and DE-SC0011105; NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834; and NOAA NA13OAR4310063. P. L. Hayes is also grateful for a fellowship from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program, and P. L. Hayes and P. K. Ma acknowledge support from a NSERC Discovery Grant and the Universite de Montreal. The authors thank Chris J. Hennigan (UMBC) and Allen L. Robinson (CMU) for providing the naphthalene and methylnaphthalene data. We also thank John S. Holloway (NOAA) for providing CO data, Roya Bahreini (University of California-Riverside) and Ann M. Middlebrook (NOAA) for providing OA data from the NOAA P3, and Stuart A. McKeen (NOAA) for helpful discussions. R. Ahmadov is supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript was subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 109 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 16 U2 89 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 5773 EP 5801 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5773-2015 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BM UT WOS:000355289200028 ER PT J AU Lintner, BR Gentine, P Findell, KL Salvucci, GD AF Lintner, B. R. Gentine, P. Findell, K. L. Salvucci, G. D. TI The Budyko and complementary relationships in an idealized model of large-scale land-atmosphere coupling SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL WATER-BALANCE; TROPICAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; PAN EVAPORATION; REGIONAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHANGING CLIMATE; SINGLE-COLUMN; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION AB Two well-known relationships in hydrology and hydrometeorology, the Budyko and complementary relationships, are examined within an idealized prototype representing the physics of large-scale land-atmosphere coupling developed in prior work. These relationships are shown to hold on long (climatologic) timescales because of the tight coupling that exists between precipitation, atmospheric radiation, moisture convergence and advection. The slope of the CR is shown to be dependent on the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship between saturation-specific humidity and temperature, with important implications for the continental hydrologic cycle in a warming climate; e.g., one consequence of this dependence is that the CR may be expected to become more asymmetric with warming, as higher values of the slope imply a larger change in potential evaporation for a given change in evapotranspiration. In addition, the transparent physics of the prototype permits diagnosis of the sensitivity of the Budyko and complementary relationships to various atmospheric and land surface processes. Here, the impacts of anthropogenic influences, including large-scale irrigation and global warming, are assessed. C1 [Lintner, B. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Gentine, P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Gentine, P.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Findell, K. L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Salvucci, G. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Lintner, BR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM lintner@envsci.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1035968]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant [NJ07102] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AGS-1035968 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant NJ07102. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 5 BP 2119 EP 2131 DI 10.5194/hess-19-2119-2015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CJ2MR UT WOS:000355319500001 ER PT J AU Vaish, A Krueger, S Dimitriou, M Majkrzak, C Vanderah, DJ Chen, L Gawrisch, K AF Vaish, Amit Krueger, Susan Dimitriou, Michael Majkrzak, Charles Vanderah, David J. Chen, Lei Gawrisch, Klaus TI Enhancing the platinum atomic layer deposition infiltration depth inside anodic alumina nanoporous membrane SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POROUS ALUMINA; GAS SEPARATION; NANOTUBES; FILMS AB Nanoporous platinum membranes can be straightforwardly fabricated by forming a Pt coating inside the nanopores of anodic alumina membranes (AAO) using atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, the high-aspect-ratio of AAO makes Pt ALD very challenging. By tuning the process deposition temperature and precursor exposure time, enhanced infiltration depth along with conformal coating was achieved for Pt ALD inside the AAO templates. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering were employed to analyze the Pt coverage and thickness inside the AAO nanopores. Additionally, one application of platinum-coated membrane was demonstrated by creating a high-density protein-functionalized interface. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Vaish, Amit; Krueger, Susan; Dimitriou, Michael; Majkrzak, Charles] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gawrisch, Klaus] NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vaish, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anv@udel.edu; lei.chen@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA); National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health FX A.V. acknowledges the National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) fellowship for supporting this work. K.G. acknowledges support from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health. The authors acknowledge Andreas Heilmann and Annika Thormann of Fraunhofer IWM Halle for useful discussions. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 18 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2015 VL 33 IS 1 AR 01A148 DI 10.1116/1.4904398 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CJ8FK UT WOS:000355735400048 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Goldberg, R Kuropat, CA Clark, P Alix, R Schreiner, W Roy, J AF Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Goldberg, Ronald Kuropat, Catherine A. Clark, Paul Alix, Robert Schreiner, Werner Roy, John TI A Field-Based Nursery for Headstarting Lobsters to Improve Postrelease Survival for Potential Stock Enhancement in Long Island Sound, Connecticut SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-BASED NURSERIES; HOMARUS-GAMMARUS L.; AMERICAN LOBSTER; EUROPEAN LOBSTER; EASTERN MAINE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; CAGES; COAST; SIZE AB Early benthic stage American lobsters Homarus americanus were held in a pilot nursery system in Long Island Sound (LIS), Connecticut, to test field grow out as a step toward potential stock enhancement. A larger size upon release may increase the probability of survival. Lobsters were placed individually in perforated plastic mesh cylindrical "habitats," and each habitat was housed in an outer protective sleeve with a larger mesh size. During June 2013, 24 lobsters were transferred to each of three wire mesh cages and deployed southwest of Charles Island in Milford, Connecticut (N = 3). The only source of nutrition was naturally occurring organisms. Cages were retrieved monthly, and lobsters were photographed to measure changes in carapace length (CL). After 11 months in the field, lobsters increased 92% in mean size from 6.0- to 11.6-mm CL, with 70.8% overall survival. Headstarting of early benthic stage lobsters shows promise as a tool for possible future stock enhancement in LIS. C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald; Kuropat, Catherine A.; Clark, Paul; Alix, Robert; Schreiner, Werner] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Roy, John] Sound Sch, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM renee.mercaldo-allen@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2015 VL 77 IS 2 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.996691 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ9SY UT WOS:000355844300015 ER PT S AU Mitchell, WF McClain, MA AF Mitchell, William F. McClain, Marjorie A. BE Simos, TE Tsitouras, C TI Performance of hp-Adaptive Strategies for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics (ICNAAM) CY SEP 22-28, 2014 CL Rhodes, GREECE DE adaptive mesh refinement; hp-adaptive strategy; hp-FEM ID FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS; P-VERSION; FEM C1 [Mitchell, William F.; McClain, Marjorie A.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1287-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1648 AR UNSP 700003 DI 10.1063/1.4912924 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Applied SC Mathematics; Physics GA BC7YA UT WOS:000355339704056 ER PT J AU Theis-Brohl, K Gutfreund, P Vorobiev, A Wolff, M Toperverg, BP Dura, JA Borchers, JA AF Theis-Broehl, Katharina Gutfreund, Philipp Vorobiev, Alexei Wolff, Max Toperverg, Boris P. Dura, Joseph A. Borchers, Julie A. TI Self assembly of magnetic nanoparticles at silicon surfaces SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SUSPENSIONS; FERROFLUIDS; VISCOSITY; COLLOIDS; NEUTRON; FLOW AB Neutron reflectometry was used to study the assembly of magnetite nanoparticles in a water-based ferrofluid close to a silicon surface. Under three conditions, static, under shear and with a magnetic field, the depth profile is extracted. The particles have an average diameter of 11 nm and a volume density of 5% in a D2O-H2O mixture. They are surrounded by a 4 nm thick bilayer of carboxylic acid for steric repulsion. The reflectivity data were fitted to a model using a least square routine based on the Parratt formalism. From the scattering length density depth profiles the following behavior is concluded: the fits indicate that excess carboxylic acid covers the silicon surface and almost eliminates the water in the densely packed wetting layer that forms close to the silicon surface. Under constant shear the wetting layer persists but a depletion layer forms between the wetting layer and the moving ferrofluid. Once the flow is stopped, the wetting layer becomes more pronounced with dense packing and is accompanied by a looser packed second layer. In the case of an applied magnetic field the prolate particles experience a torque and align with their long axes along the silicon surface which leads to a higher particle density. C1 [Theis-Broehl, Katharina] Univ Appl Sci Bremerhaven, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Gutfreund, Philipp] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Vorobiev, Alexei; Wolff, Max] Uppsala Univ, Div Mat Phys, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Toperverg, Boris P.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Solid State Phys, Dept Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Toperverg, Boris P.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Dura, Joseph A.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Theis-Brohl, K (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Bremerhaven, Karlstadt 8, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM ktheisbroehl@hs-bremerhaven.de RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Toperverg, Boris/0000-0001-5166-7997 FU ILL Grenoble; NIST Gaithersburg; University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support by ILL Grenoble, NIST Gaithersburg and University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven. We thank Nadine Mill, University of Bielefeld, Germany for performing TEM measurements. We also thank Avi Saini from Uppsala University, Paul Kienzle, Kathryn Krycka, Cindi Dennis from NIST for fruitful discussions and Brian Maranville, Sushil Satija, Frank Heinrich, David Hoogerheide, Paul Butler, Matthew J. Wasbrough from NIST and Hauke Carstensen, Franz Adlmann from Uppsala University for assistance with complementary measurements performed on the MAGIK and NG7 reflectometers and on the NG7 SANS instrument at the NCNR. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 23 BP 4695 EP 4704 DI 10.1039/c5sm00484e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CJ8FP UT WOS:000355735900017 PM 25971712 ER PT J AU Cleary, PA Fuhrman, N Schulz, L Schafer, J Fillingham, J Bootsma, H McQueen, J Tang, Y Langel, T McKeen, S Williams, EJ Brown, SS AF Cleary, P. A. Fuhrman, N. Schulz, L. Schafer, J. Fillingham, J. Bootsma, H. McQueen, J. Tang, Y. Langel, T. McKeen, S. Williams, E. J. Brown, S. S. TI Ozone distributions over southern Lake Michigan: comparisons between ferry-based observations, shoreline-based DOAS observations and model forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; GREAT-LAKES; EASTERN WISCONSIN; BREEZE; REGION; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; METEOROLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Air quality forecast models typically predict large summertime ozone abundances over water relative to land in the Great Lakes region. While each state bordering Lake Michigan has dedicated monitoring systems, offshore measurements have been sparse, mainly executed through specific short-term campaigns. This study examines ozone abundances over Lake Michigan as measured on the Lake Express ferry, by shoreline differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) observations in southeastern Wisconsin and as predicted by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. From 2008 to 2009 measurements of O-3, SO2, NO2 and formaldehyde were made in the summertime by DOAS at a shoreline site in Kenosha, WI. From 2008 to 2010 measurements of ambient ozone were conducted on the Lake Express, a high-speed ferry that travels between Milwaukee, WI, and Muskegon, MI, up to six times daily from spring to fall. Ferry ozone observations over Lake Michigan were an average of 3.8 ppb higher than those measured at shoreline in Kenosha, with little dependence on position of the ferry or temperature and with greatest differences during evening and night. Concurrent 1-48 h forecasts from the CMAQ model in the upper Midwestern region surrounding Lake Michigan were compared to ferry ozone measurements, shoreline DOAS measurements and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) station measurements. The bias of the model O-3 forecast was computed and evaluated with respect to ferry-based measurements. Trends in the bias with respect to location and time of day were explored showing non-uniformity in model bias over the lake. Model ozone bias was consistently high over the lake in comparison to land-based measurements, with highest biases for 25-48 h after initialization. C1 [Cleary, P. A.; Fuhrman, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Schulz, L.] Univ Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144 USA. [Schafer, J.; Fillingham, J.; Bootsma, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [McQueen, J.; Tang, Y.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Langel, T.; Williams, E. J.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McKeen, S.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80930 USA. RP Cleary, PA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. EM clearypa@uwec.edu RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Lake Express ferry; University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Office of Sponsored Programs Faculty and Student Collaboration Grant; Great Lakes Water Institute; Kenosha Water Utility; Great Lakes Observing System; NOAA Hollings Scholar Program; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program FX The authors would like to thank Kaya Sims, Lindsey Kuettner and Renee Hanson for their assistance in this experiment; the Lake Express ferry; University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Office of Sponsored Programs Faculty and Student Collaboration Grant; Great Lakes Water Institute; Kenosha Water Utility; and the Great Lakes Observing System for their cooperation and support of this project. The authors would like to thank Bruce E. Brown for assistance with collection and calibration of ozone data from the Lake Express ferry, and Kenneth Aikin for archiving of NAQFM images. T. Langel acknowledges the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program for fellowship support during 2010. S. S. Brown acknowledges support from NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5109 EP 5122 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5109-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100009 ER PT J AU Huang, J Liu, H Crawford, JH Chan, C Considine, DB Zhang, Y Zheng, X Zhao, C Thouret, V Oltmans, SJ Liu, SC Jones, DBA Steenrod, SD Damon, MR AF Huang, J. Liu, H. Crawford, J. H. Chan, C. Considine, D. B. Zhang, Y. Zheng, X. Zhao, C. Thouret, V. Oltmans, S. J. Liu, S. C. Jones, D. B. A. Steenrod, S. D. Damon, M. R. TI Origin of springtime ozone enhancements in the lower troposphere over Beijing: in situ measurements and model analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; NORTH-AMERICA; HONG-KONG; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BACKGROUND OZONE; MOIST CONVECTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE OZONE; WATER-VAPOR AB Ozone (O-3) concentrations in the lower troposphere (LT) over Beijing have significantly increased over the past 2 decades as a result of rapid industrialization in China, with important implications for regional air quality and the photochemistry of the background troposphere. We characterize the vertical distribution of lower-tropospheric (0-6 km) O-3 over Beijing using observations from 16 ozonesonde soundings during a field campaign in April-May 2005 and MOZAIC (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft) over 13 days in the same period. We focus on the origin of LT O-3 enhancements observed over Beijing, particularly in May. We use a global 3-D chemistry and transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM; GEOS - Goddard Earth Observing System) driven by assimilated meteorological fields to examine the transport pathways for O-3 pollution and to quantify the sources contributing to O-3 and its enhancements in the springtime LT over Beijing. Out-put from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) CTM is also used. High O-3 concentrations (up to 94.7 ppbv) were frequently observed at the altitude of similar to 1.5-2 km. The CTMs captured the timing of the occurrences but significantly underestimated their magnitude. GEOS-Chem simulations and a case study showed that O-3 produced in the Asian troposphere (especially from Asian anthropogenic pollution) made major contributions to the observed O-3 enhancements. Contributions from anthropogenic pollution in the European and North American troposphere were reduced during these events, in contrast with days without O-3 enhancements when contributions from Europe and North America were substantial. The O-3 enhancements typically occurred under southerly wind and warmer conditions. It is suggested that an earlier onset of the Asian summer monsoon would cause more O-3 enhancement events in the LT over the North China Plain in late spring and early summer. C1 [Huang, J.; Liu, H.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chan, C.; Considine, D. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Xian, Peoples R China. [Considine, D. B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Zhang, Y.] South China Inst Environm Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zheng, X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, C.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Thouret, V.] Lab Aerol, UMR5560, Toulouse, France. [Oltmans, S. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, S. C.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Steenrod, S. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Steenrod, S. D.; Damon, M. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Damon, M. R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov RI Zhao, Chunsheng/D-1176-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Zhao, Chunsheng/0000-0003-1951-379X; FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program (MAP); National Science Foundation of China; INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; CNES; Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France); Research Center Julich (FZJ, Julich, Germany); EU project IAGOS-DS; EU project IAGOS-ERI; NASA ACMAP; MAP FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) and NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program (MAP). Ozonesonde data were obtained with support from the National Science Foundation of China. We thank the personnel at the Beijing ozonesonde station for helping with the launching of ozonesondes. The authors acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the airlines (Lufthansa, Air France, Austrian, Air Namibia, China Airlines, and Cathay Pacific so far) who have carried the MOZAIC or IAGOS equipment and performed the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, CNES, Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France), and the Research Center Julich (FZJ, Julich, Germany). IAGOS has been and is additionally funded by the EU projects IAGOS-DS and IAGOS-ERI. The MOZAIC-IAGOS data are available via the CNES/CNRS-INSU Ether web site http://www.pole-ether.fr. The NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) provided supercomputing resources. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA ACMAP and MAP. The GMI model is managed by Jose Rodriguez (Project Scientist) and Susan Strahan (Project Manager) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with support from MAP. We thank Meiyun Lin and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5161 EP 5179 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5161-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100012 ER PT J AU Baker, KR Carlton, AG Kleindienst, TE Offenberg, JH Beaver, MR Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Gilman, JB de Gouw, JA Woody, MC Pye, HOT Kelly, JT Lewandowski, M Jaoui, M Stevens, PS Brune, WH Lin, YH Rubitschun, CL Surratt, JD AF Baker, K. R. Carlton, A. G. Kleindienst, T. E. Offenberg, J. H. Beaver, M. R. Gentner, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Gilman, J. B. de Gouw, J. A. Woody, M. C. Pye, H. O. T. Kelly, J. T. Lewandowski, M. Jaoui, M. Stevens, P. S. Brune, W. H. Lin, Y. -H. Rubitschun, C. L. Surratt, J. D. TI Gas and aerosol carbon in California: comparison of measurements and model predictions in Pasadena and Bakersfield SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; SOA FORMATION; AGRICULTURAL CROPS; OXALIC-ACID; 2010 CALNEX; EMISSIONS AB Co-located measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 /organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, radiocarbon (C-14), speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and OH radicals during the CalNex field campaign provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model's representation of organic species from VOCs to particles. Episode average daily 23 h average C-14 analysis indicates PM2.5 carbon at Pasadena and Bakersfield during the CalNex field campaign was evenly split between contemporary and fossil origins. CMAQ predicts a higher contemporary carbon fraction than indicated by the C-14 analysis at both locations. The model underestimates measured PM2.5 organic carbon at both sites with very little (7% in Pasadena) of the modeled mass represented by secondary production, which contrasts with the ambient-based SOC / OC fraction of 63% at Pasadena. Measurements and predictions of gas-phase anthropogenic species, such as toluene and xylenes, are generally within a factor of 2, but the corresponding SOC tracer (2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid) is systematically underpredicted by more than a factor of 2. Monoterpene VOCs and SOCs are underestimated at both sites. Isoprene is underestimated at Pasadena and overpredicted at Bakersfield and isoprene SOC mass is underestimated at both sites. Systematic model underestimates in SOC mass coupled with reasonable skill (typically within a factor of 2) in predicting hydroxyl radical and VOC gas-phase precursors suggest error( s) in the parameterization of semivolatile gases to form SOC. Yield values (alpha) applied to semivolatile partitioning species were increased by a factor of 4 in CMAQ for a sensitivity simulation, taking into account recent findings of underestimated yields in chamber experiments due to gas wall losses. This sensitivity resulted in improved model performance for PM2.5 organic carbon at both field study locations and at routine monitor network sites in California. Modeled percent secondary contribution (22% at Pasadena) becomes closer to ambient-based estimates but still contains a higher primary fraction than observed. C1 [Baker, K. R.; Kelly, J. T.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kleindienst, T. E.; Offenberg, J. H.; Beaver, M. R.; Woody, M. C.; Pye, H. O. T.; Lewandowski, M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Gentner, D. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, P. L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. [Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Y. -H.; Rubitschun, C. L.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Baker, KR (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM baker.kirk@epa.gov RI Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Lin, Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; FU EPA, through its Office of Research and Development [EP-D-10-070]; EPA's STAR program [RD83504101]; CARB [11-305] FX The authors would like to acknowledge measurements taken by Scott Scheller and the contribution from Chris Misenis, Allan Beidler, Chris Allen, James Beidler, Heather Simon, and Rich Mason. EPA, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. This work is supported in part through EPA's STAR program, grant number RD83504101. P. L. Hayes and J. L. Jimenez were supported by CARB 11-305. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 5243 EP 5258 DI 10.5194/acp-15-5243-2015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BL UT WOS:000355289100017 ER PT J AU Volkamer, R Baidar, S Campos, TL Coburn, S DiGangi, JP Dix, B Eloranta, EW Koenig, TK Morley, B Ortega, I Pierce, BR Reeves, M Sinreich, R Wang, S Zondlo, MA Romashkin, PA AF Volkamer, R. Baidar, S. Campos, T. L. Coburn, S. DiGangi, J. P. Dix, B. Eloranta, E. W. Koenig, T. K. Morley, B. Ortega, I. Pierce, B. R. Reeves, M. Sinreich, R. Wang, S. Zondlo, M. A. Romashkin, P. A. TI Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO2, H2O, O-2-O-2 and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MULTIAXIS DOAS MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC BRO; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACE GASES; INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO) and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O-2-O-2 collision complexes (O-4) were measured by the University of Colorado Airborne Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, aerosol extinction by high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), in situ aerosol size distributions by an ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer (UHSAS) and in situ H2O by vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VC-SEL) hygrometer. Data are presented from two research flights (RF12, RF17) aboard the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V aircraft over the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean (tEPO) as part of the "Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated hydrocarbons" (TORERO) project (January/February 2012). We assess the accuracy of O4 slant column density (SCD) measurements in the presence and absence of aerosols. Our O-4-inferred aerosol extinction profiles at 477 nm agree within 6% with HSRL in the boundary layer and closely resemble the renormalized profile shape of Mie calculations constrained by UHSAS at low (sub-Rayleigh) aerosol extinction in the free troposphere. CU AMAX-DOAS provides a flexible choice of geometry, which we exploit to minimize the SCD in the reference spectrum (SCDREF, maximize signal-to-noise ratio) and to test the robustness of BrO, IO and glyoxal differential SCDs. The RF12 case study was conducted in pristine marine and free tropospheric air. The RF17 case study was conducted above the NOAA RV Ka'imimoana (TORERO cruise, KA-12-01) and provides independent validation data from ship-based in situ cavity-enhanced DOAS and MAX-DOAS. Inside the marine boundary layer (MBL) no BrO was detected (smaller than 0.5 pptv), and 0.2-0.55 pptv IO and 32-36 pptv glyoxal were observed. The near-surface concentrations agree within 30% (IO) and 10% (glyoxal) between ship and air-craft. The BrO concentration strongly increased with altitude to 3.0 pptv at 14.5 km (RF12, 9.1 to 8.6 degrees N; 101.2 to 97.4 degrees W). At 14.5 km, 5-10 pptv NO2 agree with model predictions and demonstrate good control over separating tropospheric from stratospheric absorbers (NO2 and BrO). Our profile retrievals have 12-20 degrees of freedom (DoF) and up to 500m vertical resolution. The tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) was 1.5 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and at least 0.5 x 10(13) molec cm(-2) (RF17, 0-10 km, lower limit). Tropospheric IO VCDs correspond to 2.1 x 10(12) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and 2.5 x 10(12) molec cm 2 (RF17) and glyoxal VCDs of 2.6 x 10(14) molec cm(-2) (RF12) and 2.7 x 1014 molec cm 2 (RF17). Surprisingly, essentially all BrO as well as the dominant IO and glyoxal VCD fraction was located above 2 km (IO: 58 x 5 %, 0.1-0.2 pptv; glyoxal: 52 x 5 %, 3-20 pptv). To our knowledge there are no previous vertically resolved measurements of BrO and glyoxal from aircraft in the tropical free troposphere. The atmospheric implications are briefly discussed. Future studies are necessary to better understand the sources and impacts of free tropospheric halogens and oxygenated hydrocarbons on tropospheric ozone, aerosols, mercury oxidation and the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. C1 [Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Coburn, S.; Dix, B.; Koenig, T. K.; Ortega, I.; Sinreich, R.; Wang, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Coburn, S.; Koenig, T. K.; Ortega, I.; Wang, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campos, T. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [DiGangi, J. P.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Eloranta, E. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morley, B.; Reeves, M.; Romashkin, P. A.] RAF EOL, NCAR, Broomfield, CO USA. [Pierce, B. R.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [DiGangi, J. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Wang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1104104]; NSF; Fulbright Junior Research Award; ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship; National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award [ATM-0847793]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0006080]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) [EP-P27450/C13049, EP-P32238/C14974] FX The TORERO project is funded by the National Science Foundation under award AGS-1104104 (PI: R. Volkamer). The involvement of the NSF-sponsored Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities, managed and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL), is acknowledged. We thank Jorgen Jensen and Mathew Hayman for helpful discussions. S. Wang is a recipient of the Fulbright Junior Research Award; S. Baidar is a recipient of ESRL/CIRES graduate fellowship. R. Volkamer acknowledges financial support from National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award ATM-0847793, Department of Energy award DE-SC0006080 and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) contracts EP-P27450/C13049 and EP-P32238/C14974 that supported the development of the AMAX-DOAS instrument and software/data analysis tools used in this study. NR 122 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2121 EP 2148 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900013 ER PT J AU Veres, PR Roberts, JM AF Veres, P. R. Roberts, J. M. TI Development of a photochemical source for the production and calibration of acyl peroxynitrate compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NOX; PPN; NITROGEN; AMBIENT; MPAN; ATMOSPHERE AB A dynamic system for the calibration of acyl peroxynitrate compounds (APNs) has been developed in the laboratory to reduce the difficulty, required time, and instability of laboratory-produced standards for difficult-to-synthesize APN species. In this work we present a photochemical source for the generation of APN standards: acetyl peroxynitrate (PAN), propionyl peroxynitrate (PPN), acryloyl peroxynitrate (APAN), methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN), and crotonyl peroxynitrate (CPAN). APNs are generated via photolysis of a mixture of acyl chloride (RC(O)Cl) and ketone (RC(= O)R) precursor compounds in the presence of O-2 and NO2. Subsequent separation by a prep-scale gas chromatograph and detection with a total NOy instrument serve to quantify the output of the APN source. Validation of the APN products was performed using iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectroscopy (I- CIMS). This method of standard production is an efficient and accurate technique for the calibration of instrumentation used to measure PAN, PPN, APAN, MPAN, and CPAN. C1 [Veres, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Veres, PR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.veres@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2225 EP 2231 DI 10.5194/amt-8-2225-2015 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ2BJ UT WOS:000355288900020 ER PT J AU Brankart, JM Candille, G Garnier, F Calone, C Melet, A Bouttier, PA Brasseur, P Verron, J AF Brankart, J-M Candille, G. Garnier, F. Calone, C. Melet, A. Bouttier, P-A Brasseur, P. Verron, J. TI A generic approach to explicit simulation of uncertainty in the NEMO ocean model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC FORCING PARAMETERS; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; CLIMATE PREDICTION; WEATHER; ERROR AB In this paper, a generic implementation approach is presented, with the aim of transforming a deterministic ocean model (like NEMO) into a probabilistic model. With this approach, several kinds of stochastic parameterizations are implemented to simulate the non-deterministic effect of unresolved processes, unresolved scales and unresolved diversity. The method is illustrated with three applications, showing that uncertainties can produce a major effect in the circulation model, in the ecosystem model, and in the sea ice model. These examples show that uncertainties can produce an important effect in the simulations, strongly modifying the dynamical behaviour of these three components of ocean systems. C1 [Brankart, J-M; Candille, G.; Garnier, F.; Calone, C.; Bouttier, P-A; Brasseur, P.; Verron, J.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Melet, A.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Brankart, JM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LGGE, UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM jean-michel.brankart@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr FU European Community [283367, 283580]; CNES; GENCI-IDRIS [2014-011279] FX This work has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreements 283367 (MyOcean2) and 283580 (SANGOMA), with additional support from CNES. The calculations were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (grant 2014-011279). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1297 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1285-2015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ2BK UT WOS:000355289000002 ER PT J AU Tilmes, S Lamarque, JF Emmons, LK Kinnison, DE Ma, PL Liu, X Ghan, S Bardeen, C Arnold, S Deeter, M Vitt, F Ryerson, T Elkins, JW Moore, F Spackman, JR Martin, MV AF Tilmes, S. Lamarque, J-F Emmons, L. K. Kinnison, D. E. Ma, P-L Liu, X. Ghan, S. Bardeen, C. Arnold, S. Deeter, M. Vitt, F. Ryerson, T. Elkins, J. W. Moore, F. Spackman, J. R. Martin, M. Val TI Description and evaluation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL BUDGET; OZONE; REPRESENTATION; TRANSPORT; PREINDUSTRIAL; VARIABILITY; LIFETIME; PACIFIC AB The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, is now coupled to extensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, called CAM5-chem, and is available in addition to CAM4-chem in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. The main focus of this paper is to compare the performance of configurations with internally derived "free running" (FR) meteorology and "specified dynamics" (SD) against observations from surface, aircraft, and satellite, as well as understand the origin of the identified differences. We focus on the representation of aerosols and chemistry. All model configurations reproduce tropospheric ozone for most regions based on in situ and satellite observations. However, shortcomings exist in the representation of ozone precursors and aerosols. Tropospheric ozone in all model configurations agrees for the most part with ozonesondes and satellite observations in the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere within the variability of the observations. Southern hemispheric tropospheric ozone is consistently underestimated by up to 25 %. Differences in convection and stratosphere to troposphere exchange processes are mostly responsible for differences in ozone in the different model configurations. Carbon monoxide (CO) and other volatile organic compounds are largely underestimated in Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes based on satellite and aircraft observations. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are biased low in the free tropical troposphere, whereas peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is overestimated in particular in high northern latitudes. The present-day methane lifetime estimates are compared among the different model configurations. These range between 7.8 years in the SD configuration of CAM5-chem and 8.8 years in the FR configuration of CAM4-chem and are therefore underestimated compared to observational estimations. We find that differences in tropospheric aerosol surface area between CAM4 and CAM5 play an important role in controlling the burden of the tropical tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH), which causes differences in tropical methane lifetime of about half a year between CAM4-chem and CAM5-chem. In addition, different distributions of NOx from lightning explain about half of the difference between SD and FR model versions in both CAM4-chem and CAM5-chem. Remaining differences in the tropical OH burden are due to enhanced tropical ozone burden in SD configurations compared to the FR versions, which are not only caused by differences in chemical production or loss but also by transport and mixing. For future studies, we recommend the use of CAM5-chem configurations, due to improved aerosol description and inclusion of aerosol-cloud interactions. However, smaller tropospheric surface area density in the current version of CAM5-chem compared to CAM4-chem results in larger oxidizing capacity in the troposphere and therefore a shorter methane lifetime. C1 [Tilmes, S.; Lamarque, J-F; Emmons, L. K.; Kinnison, D. E.; Bardeen, C.; Deeter, M.; Vitt, F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ma, P-L; Ghan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Arnold, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Ryerson, T.; Elkins, J. W.; Moore, F.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Martin, M. Val] Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Tilmes, S (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tilmes@ucar.edu RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Ma, Po-Lun/G-7129-2015; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ma, Po-Lun/0000-0003-3109-5316; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Research; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX We thank the HIPPO team for performing reliable aircraft observations used in this study, in particular Steven Wofsy for leading the campaigns, Joshua Schwarz and Anne Perring or providing black carbon observations, and Ru-Shan Gao for providing ozone observations. We also thank Kenneth Aikin for providing airborne observations in a unified and user-friendly format. MERRA data used in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. S. Ghan and P.-L. Ma were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Research as part of the Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1426 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-1395-2015 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ2BK UT WOS:000355289000009 ER PT J AU Ford, M Pearsons, TN Murdoch, A AF Ford, Michael Pearsons, Todd N. Murdoch, Andrew TI The Spawning Success of Early Maturing Resident Hatchery Chinook Salmon in a Natural River System SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA RIVER; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; MALE MATURATION; LIFE-HISTORIES; YAKIMA RIVER; WILD; POPULATIONS; ORIGIN; WASHINGTON AB Hatchery propagation of spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha has been shown to increase the proportion of males maturing as minijacks (age 2) or microjacks (age 1) relative to those proportions in wild populations. However, little is known about the success of early maturing males when they spawn in the wild. A captive broodstock program for spring Chinook Salmon in the White River (a tributary of the Wenatchee River, Washington) has a high rate of early male maturity. We used genetic parentage analysis to evaluate the spawning success of anadromous males in comparison with inferred early maturing resident, hatchery-origin males that spawned naturally. Based on samples of juvenile offspring (n = 1,007-1,368 fish/year) and a nearly complete sample of the potential anadromous parents, we found that during 2006-2009, 26-45% of the progeny did not have a male parent in the anadromous sample. In contrast, 0-23% of the progeny did not have a female parent represented in the sample. Using grandparentage analysis, we eliminated wild resident fish as a likely source of the unsampled male parents; thus, we concluded that those male parents were most likely early maturing resident fish that had been released from the captive broodstock program. The inferred spawning success of the unsampled resident males was significantly lower than that of the anadromous males. The typical mating pattern was for an anadromous female to produce about two-thirds of her offspring with one or two anadromous males and the remaining one-third with as many as 12 or more apparently resident males. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present evidence of successful reproduction by early maturing resident, hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon in the wild. The conservation implications of this finding are complex and will depend upon the genetic basis of early maturity and its causes in hatchery settings. C1 [Ford, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA. [Murdoch, Andrew] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Ford, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mike.ford@noaa.gov FU Grant County Public Utility District; Bonneville Power Administration [2003-039] FX Don Larsen, Richard Beamish, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was funded by the Grant County Public Utility District and the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 2003-039). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 3 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1009561 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ4RC UT WOS:000355472800009 ER PT S AU Creuziger, A Gnaupe-Herod, T AF Creuziger, A. Gnaeupe-Herod, T. BE Skrotzki, W Oertel, CG TI Uncertainty in retained austenite measurements applied to individual crystallographic orientations SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TEXTURES OF MATERIALS (ICOTOM 17) SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Textures of Materials (ICOTOM) CY AUG 24-29, 2014 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Struct Phys ID STEELS AB A technique to measure the phase volume fraction of an individual orientation and the uncertainty in the measurement is demonstrated in this paper. The technique of complete pole figure averaging using neutron diffraction was used to assess the phase fraction of retained austenite in transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels and quantify the uncertainty in the phase fraction. In parallel, an ensemble of orientation distribution functions was calculated to assess crystallographic volume fractions of particular orientations and the uncertainty of these volume fractions using Monte Carlo techniques. These methods were combined to measure the retained austenite phase volume fraction of an individual orientation. C1 [Creuziger, A.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gnaeupe-Herod, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Creuziger, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.creuziger@nist.gov; tgh@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 82 AR 012066 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/82/1/012066 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BC7HG UT WOS:000354878500067 ER PT S AU Rukhin, AL Evans, DJ AF Rukhin, A. L. Evans, D. J. BE Pavese, F Bremser, W Chunovkina, A Fischer, N Forbes, AB TI QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN ACCELEROMETER SENSITIVITY STUDIES SO ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS IN METROLOGY AND TESTING X SE Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing (AMCTM) CY SEP 09-11, 2014 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE Growth curves; heterogeneeous linear models; key comparisons; restricted maximum likelihood; uncertainty evaluation ID METAANALYSIS; PARAMETERS; MODELS AB Key Comparisons of accelerometers sensitivity measurement are performed to compare the sensitivity of linear accelerometers. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) for charge sensitivity as a function of frequency and the accompanying uncertainty are the principal objectives of these studies. In a mixed effects model several methods for evaluation of the vector KCRV and its uncertainty are suggested. A practical remark is that iterated log-scaled frequencies could lead to a better data description than the frequencies themselves. C1 [Rukhin, A. L.; Evans, D. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-0901 BN 978-981-467-861-2 J9 SER ADV MATH APPL SC PY 2015 VL 86 BP 310 EP 319 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BC6UM UT WOS:000354490500038 ER PT S AU Zhang, NF Barnes, BM Silver, RM Zhou, H AF Zhang, Nien Fan Barnes, Bryan M. Silver, Richard M. Zhou, Hui BE Pavese, F Bremser, W Chunovkina, A Fischer, N Forbes, AB TI USE OF A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO IMPROVE UNCERTAINTY OF MODEL-BASED MEASUREMENTS BY HYBRID MULTI-TOOL METROLOGY SO ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS IN METROLOGY AND TESTING X SE Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing (AMCTM) CY SEP 09-11, 2014 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE Covariance matrix; critical dimension measurements; generalized least squares estimator; nonlinear regression; prior information; simulation AB In high resolution critical dimensional metrology, when modeling measurements, a library of curves is usually assembled through the simulation of a multi-dimensional parameter space. A nonlinear regression routine described in this paper is then used to identify an optimum set of parameters that yields the closest experiment-to-theory agreement and generates the model-based measurements for the desired parameters. To improve the model-based measurements, other measurement techniques can also be used to provide a priori information. In this paper, a Bayesian statistical approach is proposed to allow the combination of different measurement techniques that are based on different physical measurements. The effect of this hybrid metrology approach is shown to reduce the uncertainties of the parameter estimators, i.e., the model-based measurements. C1 [Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barnes, Bryan M.; Silver, Richard M.; Zhou, Hui] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-0901 BN 978-981-467-861-2 J9 SER ADV MATH APPL SC PY 2015 VL 86 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BC6UM UT WOS:000354490500049 ER PT J AU Vujasinovic, M Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, B AF Vujasinovic, Marko Ivezic, Nenad Kulvatunyou, Boonserm TI A survey and classification of principles for domain-specific ontology design patterns development SO APPLIED ONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ontology design pattern design; ontology design pattern development; ontology design patterns survey; ontology development; manufacturing service ontology AB Dynamic, networked service-oriented systems, like those found in manufacturing, logistics or transportation, require efficient communication of capabilities of their services to enable on-the-fly integrations as a result of changing requirements. Previously, in a case of a manufacturing services network, we have shown the manufacturing service capability (MSC) information communication can be enhanced by introducing a reference MSC ontology - a formal, OWL DL domain-specific ontology. However, consistent and quality development of reference ontology for a large and evolving domain such as manufacturing is a challenge. Therefore, we propose to utilize the notion of OWL ontology design patterns (ODPs) to develop such reference ontology. However, despite the existence of rich design patterns for information modeling in general, there has been no documentation detailing the principles for development of domain-specific ODPs for domain-specific semantic models. This survey paper fills this void by providing a survey and systematic synthesis of applicable principles for domain-specific ODP development in an investigation of the prior works in data modeling, object-oriented software analysis and ontology modeling design patterns. The paper discusses applicability of the revealed principles in regards to requirements of MSC domain-specific ODPs. Although the paper is concerned with the MSC domain, the findings apply to any domain-specific ODP development. Further research is identified to operationalize principles towards domain-specific ODP development. C1 [Vujasinovic, Marko; Ivezic, Nenad; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vujasinovic, M (reprint author), INNOVA SpA ICT Grp, Tecnopolo Tiburtino,Via Giacomo Peroni 386, I-00131 Rome, Italy. EM m.vujasinovic@innova-eu.net; nenad.ivezic@nist.gov; serm@nist.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-5838 EI 1875-8533 J9 APPL ONTOL JI Appl. Ontol. PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 41 EP 69 DI 10.3233/AO-150140 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CI6LY UT WOS:000354872000005 ER PT J AU Van Parijs, SM AF Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Letter of Introduction to the Biologically Important Areas Issue SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA C1 NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Van Parijs, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 504 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP + DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.1 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900001 ER PT J AU Ferguson, MC Curtice, C Harrison, J Van Parijs, SM AF Ferguson, Megan C. Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Overview and Rationale SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic activity; anthropogenic sound; CetMap; BIA; distribution; behavior; conservation; management; Arctic; Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea; North Pacific Ocean; Gulf of Alaska; Washington; Oregon; California; Hawaiian Islands; Gulf of Mexico; Northwest Atlantic Ocean AB We outline the rationale and process used by the Cetacean Density and Distribution Mapping (CetMap) Working Group to identify Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for 24 cetacean species, stocks, or populations in seven regions within U.S. waters. BIAs are reproductive areas, feeding areas, migratory corridors, and areas in which small and resident populations are concentrated. BIAs are region-, species-, and time-specific. Information provided for each BIA includes the following: (1) a written narrative describing the information, assumptions, and logic used to delineate the BIA; (2) a map of the BIA; (3) a list of references used in the assessment; and (4) a metadata table that concisely details the type and quantity of information used to define a BIA, providing transparency in how BIAs were designated in a quick reference table format. BIAs were identified through an expert elicitation process. The delineation of BIAs does not have direct or immediate regulatory consequences. Rather, the BIA assessment is intended to provide the best available science to help inform regulatory and management decisions under existing authorities about some, though not all, important cetacean areas in order to minimize the impacts of anthropogenic activities on cetaceans and to achieve conservation and protection goals. In addition, the BIAs and associated information may be used to identify information gaps and prioritize future research and modeling efforts to better understand cetaceans, their habitat, and ecosystems. C1 [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ferguson, MC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Megan.Ferguson@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.2 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900002 ER PT J AU LaBrecque, E Curtice, C Harrison, J Van Parijs, SM Halpin, PN AF LaBrecque, Erin Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie Van Parijs, Sofie M. Halpin, Patrick N. TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - East Coast Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE feeding area; migratory corridor; reproductive area; resident population; anthropogenic sound; Northwest Atlantic Ocean; East Coast AB In this review, we merge existing published and unpublished information along with expert judgment to identify and support the delineation of 18 Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) in U.S. waters along the East Coast for minke whales, sei whales, fin whales, North Atlantic right whales, humpback whales, harbor porpoises, and bottle-nose dolphins. BIAs are delineated for feeding areas, reproductive areas, migratory corridors, and small and resident populations to enhance existing information already available to scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public. BIAs ranged in size from approximately 152 to 270,000 km(2). They are intended to provide synthesized information in a transparent format that can be readily used toward the analyses and planning under U.S. statutes that require the characterization and minimization of impacts of anthropogenic activities on marine mammals. BIAs are not intended to represent all important areas for consideration in planning processes; in particular, areas of high marine mammal density, typically identified based on a combination of systematic visual and/or acoustic detections coupled with quantitative modeling, are very important to consider, where available, in any assessment. To maintain their utility, East Coast BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [LaBrecque, Erin; Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pass Acoust Res Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP LaBrecque, E (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Erin.LaBrecque@duke.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.17 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900003 ER PT J AU LaBrecque, E Curtice, C Harrison, J Van Parijs, SM Halpin, PN AF LaBrecque, Erin Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie Van Parijs, Sofie M. Halpin, Patrick N. TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Gulf of Mexico Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE resident population; anthropogenic sound; species distribution; Bryde's whale; Balaenoptera edeni; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Gulf of Mexico AB In this review, we merge existing published and unpublished information along with expert judgment to identify and support the delineation of 12 Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) in U.S. waters of the Gulf of Mexico for Bryde's whales and bottlenose dolphins. BIAs are delineated for small and resident populations to enhance existing information already available to scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public. BIAs ranged in size from approximately 117 to over 23,000 km(2). BIAs are intended to provide synthesized information in a transparent format that can be readily used toward the analyses and planning under U.S. statutes that require the characterization and minimization of impacts of anthropogenic activities on marine mammals. BIAs are not intended to represent all important areas for consideration in planning processes; in particular, areas of high marine mammal density, typically identified based on a combination of systematic visual and/or acoustic detections coupled with quantitative modeling, are very important to consider, where available, in any assessment. To maintain their utility, Gulf of Mexico BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [LaBrecque, Erin; Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pass Acoust Res Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP LaBrecque, E (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Erin.LaBrecque@duke.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.30 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900004 ER PT J AU Calambokidis, J Steiger, GH Curtice, C Harrison, J Ferguson, MC Becker, E DeAngelis, M Van Parijs, SM AF Calambokidis, John Steiger, Gretchen H. Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie Ferguson, Megan C. Becker, Elizabeth DeAngelis, Monica Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Biologically Important Areas for Selected Cetaceans Within US Waters - West Coast Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE feeding area; migratory corridor; resident population; anthropogenic sound; species distribution; US West Coast; North Pacific Ocean AB In this review, we combine existing published and unpublished information along with expert judgment to identify and support the delineation of 28 Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) in U.S. waters along the West Coast for blue whales, gray whales, humpback whales, and harbor porpoises. BIAs for blue whales and humpback whales are based on high concentration areas of feeding animals observed from small boat surveys, ship surveys, and opportunistic sources. These BIAs compare favorably to broader habitat-based density models. BIAs for gray whales are based on their migratory corridor as they transit between primary feeding areas located in northern latitudes and breeding areas off Mexico. Additional gray whale BIAs are defined for the primary feeding areas of a smaller resident population. Two small and resident population BIAs defined for harbor porpoises located off California encompass the populations' primary areas of use. The size of the individual BIAs ranged from approximately 171 to 138,000 km(2). The BIAs for feeding blue, gray, and humpback whales represent relatively small portions of the overall West Coast area (< 5%) but encompass a large majority (77 to 89%) of the thousands of sightings documented and evaluated for each species. We also evaluate and discuss potential feeding BIAs for fin whales, but none are delineated due to limited or conflicting information. The intent of identifying BIAs is to synthesize existing biological information in a transparent format that is easily accessible to scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public for use during the planning and design phase of anthropogenic activities for which U.S. statutes require the characterization and minimization of impacts on marine mammals. To maintain their utility, West Coast region BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [Calambokidis, John; Steiger, Gretchen H.] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Becker, Elizabeth] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [DeAngelis, Monica] NOAA Fisheries West Coast Reg, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pass Acoust Res Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Calambokidis, J (reprint author), Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM Calambokidis@CascadiaResearch.org NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.39 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900005 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Cholewiak, D Webster, DL Schorr, GS Mahaffy, SD Curtice, C Harrison, J Van Parijs, SM AF Baird, Robin W. Cholewiak, Danielle Webster, Daniel L. Schorr, Gregory S. Mahaffy, Sabre D. Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Hawai'i Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Hawai'i; reproductive area; resident population; anthropogenic sound; species distribution AB Of the 18 species of odontocetes known to be present in Hawaiian waters, small resident populations of 11 species-dwarf sperm whales, Blainville's beaked whales, Cuvier's beaked whales, pygmy killer whales, short-finned pilot whales, melonheaded whales, false killer whales, pantropical spotted dolphins, spinner dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, and common bottlenose dolphins-have been identified, based on two or more lines of evidence, including results from small-boat sightings and survey effort, photo-identification, genetic analyses, and satellite tagging. In this review, we merge existing published and unpublished information along with expert judgment for the Hawai` i region of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and territorial waters in order to identify and support the delineation of 20 Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for these small and resident populations, and one reproductive area for humpback whales. The geographic extent of the BIAs in Hawaiian waters ranged from approximately 700 to 23,500 km(2). BIA designation enhances existing information already available to scientists, managers, policymakers, and the public. They are intended to provide synthesized information in a transparent format that can be readily used toward analyses and planning under U. S. statutes that require the characterization and minimization of impacts of anthropogenic activities on marine mammals. Odontocete BIAs in Hawai'i are biased toward the main Hawaiian Islands and populations off the island of Hawai'i, reflecting a much greater level of research effort and thus certainty regarding the existence and range of small resident populations off that island. Emerging evidence of similar small resident populations off other island areas in Hawaiian waters suggest that further BIA designations may be necessary as more detailed information becomes available. C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Webster, Daniel L.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Cholewiak, Danielle; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pass Acoust Res Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.54 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900006 ER PT J AU Ferguson, MC Curtice, C Harrison, J AF Ferguson, Megan C. Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Gulf of Alaska Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Alaska; Alaska; feeding area; migratory corridor; small and resident population; fin whale; Balaenoptera physalus; gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; North Pacific right whale; Eubalaena japonica; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; beluga; Delphinapterus leucas AB We integrated existing published and unpublished information to delineate Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for fin, gray, North Pacific right, and humpback whales, and belugas in U.S. waters of the Gulf of Alaska. BIAs are delineated for feeding, migratory corridors, and small and resident populations. Supporting evidence for these BIAs came from aerial-, land-, and vessel-based surveys; satellite-tagging data; passive acoustic monitoring; traditional ecological knowledge; photo-and genetic-identification data; whaling data, including catch and sighting locations and stomach contents; prey studies; and anecdotal information from fishermen. The geographic extent of the BIAs in this region ranged from approximately 900 to 177,000 km(2). Information gaps identified during this assessment include (1) reproductive areas for fin, gray, and North Pacific right whales; (2) detailed information on the migration routes of all species; (3) detailed information on the migratory timing of all species except humpback whales; and (4) cetacean distribution, density, and behavior in U.S. Gulf of Alaska waters off the continental shelf. To maintain their utility, these BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] NOAA, Fisheries Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ferguson, MC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM megan.ferguson@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.65 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900007 ER PT J AU Ferguson, MC Waite, JM Curtice, C Clarke, JT Harrison, J AF Ferguson, Megan C. Waite, Janice M. Curtice, Corrie Clarke, Janet T. Harrison, Jolie TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea; Alaska; feeding area; migratory corridor; small and resident population; bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; fin whale; Balaenoptera physalus; gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; North Pacific right whale; Eubalaena japonica; humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; beluga; Delphinapterus leucas AB We integrated existing published and unpublished information to delineate Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for bowhead, fin, gray, North Pacific right, and humpback whales and belugas in U.S. waters of the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea. Supporting evidence for these BIAs came from aerial-, land-, and vessel-based surveys; satellite-tagging data; passive acoustic monitoring; traditional ecological knowledge; photo-and genetic-identification data; and whaling data, including catch and sighting locations and stomach contents. The geographic extent of the BIAs in this region ranged from approximately 1,200 to 373,000 km(2). Information gaps identified during this assessment include (1) reproductive areas for all species; (2) detailed information on the migration routes and timing of all species; and (3) cetacean distribution, density, and behavior in U.S. Bering Sea waters off the continental shelf. To maintain their utility, these BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [Ferguson, Megan C.; Waite, Janice M.] NOAA Fisheries, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Clarke, Janet T.] Leidos, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ferguson, MC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM megan.ferguson@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.79 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900008 ER PT J AU Clarke, JT Ferguson, MC Curtice, C Harrison, J AF Clarke, Janet T. Ferguson, Megan C. Curtice, Corrie Harrison, Jolie TI Biologically Important Areas for Cetaceans Within US Waters - Arctic Region SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE feeding area; migratory corridor; reproductive area; bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; beluga; Delphinapterus leucas; gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; Arctic; anthropogenic sound; species distribution AB In this assessment, we combined published and unpublished information to identify 16 Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for bowhead whales, gray whales, and belugas in the U.S. Arctic. BIAs for bowhead whales and belugas were based on high-density areas used recurrently for reproduction, feeding, and migration, documented by visual surveys (aerial-, vessel-, and ice-based), bioacoustic monitoring, and satellite telemetry. BIAs for gray whales were based on high-density areas used recurrently for reproduction and feeding, documented primarily by aerial and vessel surveys. The geographic extent of the BIAs in the Arctic region ranged from approximately 1,500 to 135,000 km(2). Information gaps identified during the Arctic BIA assessment process include (1) bowhead whale use of the western Beaufort Sea in summer (e.g., feeding, migration timing, movement rates); (2) the existence or extent of a bowhead whale fall migratory corridor in the Chukchi Sea; (3) the extent and nature of beluga use of outer continental shelf and slope habitat in the Beaufort Sea; (4) the existence or location of gray whale migratory corridors in spring and fall; (5) the degree to which gray whales move between known feeding hotspots; and (6) the distribution, density, and activities of fin, humpback, minke, and killer whales and harbor porpoises in this region. To maintain their utility, the Arctic BIAs should be re-evaluated and revised, if necessary, as new information becomes available. C1 [Clarke, Janet T.] Leidos, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curtice, Corrie] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Clarke, JT (reprint author), Leidos, 4001 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM janet.clarke@leidos.com NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 1 SI SI BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1578/AM.41.1.2015.94 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CI7IG UT WOS:000354935900009 ER PT J AU Song, CL Ling, YJ Feng, YL Zhou, W Yildirim, T He, YB AF Song, Chengling Ling, Yajing Feng, Yunlong Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner He, Yabing TI A NbO-type metal-organic framework exhibiting high deliverable capacity for methane storage SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WORKING CAPACITY; CH4 STORAGE; SITES; CAGES AB A copper-based NbO-type metal-organic framework ZJNU-50 constructed from a tetracarboxylate incorporating phenylethyne as a spacer exhibited an exceptionally high methane working capacity of 184 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) for methane storage. The value is among the highest reported for MOF materials. C1 [Song, Chengling; Ling, Yajing; Feng, Yunlong; He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP He, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. EM heyabing@zjnu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21301156]; Open Research Fund of Top Key Discipline of Chemistry in Zhejiang Provincial Colleges; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials [ZJHX201313] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21301156), and Open Research Fund of Top Key Discipline of Chemistry in Zhejiang Provincial Colleges and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials (ZJHX201313). NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 40 BP 8508 EP 8511 DI 10.1039/c5cc01055a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CH4ZL UT WOS:000354043200028 PM 25892102 ER PT J AU Salameh, T Sauvage, S Afif, C Borbon, A Leonardis, T Brioude, J Waked, A Locoge, N AF Salameh, Therese Sauvage, Stephane Afif, Charbel Borbon, Agnes Leonardis, Thierry Brioude, Jerome Waked, Antoine Locoge, Nadine TI Exploring the seasonal NMHC distribution in an urban area of the Middle East during ECOCEM campaigns: very high loadings dominated by local emissions and dynamics SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C-2-C-16 NMHCs; gasoline evaporation; vehicle exhaust; VOC urban emissions ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; LEBANON; OZONE; PARIS AB Environmental context Non-methane hydrocarbons play an important role in the formation of photochemical oxidants such as ozone. We investigate factors controlling the distribution of non-methane hydrocarbons in an urban area of the Middle East. The study highlights the importance of local emissions and atmospheric dynamics, and the limited effect of photochemistry at the measurement site. Abstract Measurements of over 70 C-2-C-16 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were conducted in suburban Beirut (1.3 million inhabitants) in summer 2011 and winter 2012 during the Emission and Chemistry of Organic Carbon in the East Mediterranean (ECOCEM) field campaign. The levels of NMHCs observed exceeded by a factor of two in total volume the levels found in northern mid-latitude megacities (Paris and Los Angeles), especially for the unburned fossil fuel fraction. Regardless of the season, the major compounds, explaining 50% of the concentrations, were toluene, isopentane, butane, m,p-xylenes, propane and ethylene, emitted by mobile traffic and gasoline evaporation sources. Most NMHCs show a distinct seasonal cycle, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum, unlike seasonal cycles usually observed in the northern mid-latitude urban areas. We show that NMHC distribution is mainly driven by strong local emissions and local atmospheric dynamics, with no clear evidence of photochemical removal in summer or influence from long-range transport. C1 [Salameh, Therese; Sauvage, Stephane; Leonardis, Thierry; Locoge, Nadine] SAGE, Mines Douai, F-59508 Douai, France. [Salameh, Therese; Afif, Charbel; Waked, Antoine] St Joseph Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Anal & Rech, Unit Environm Genom Fonct & Etud Math, Beirut, Lebanon. [Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Est Creteil UPEC, LISA, IPSL, CNRS,UMR, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes] Paris Diderot UPD, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Brioude, Jerome] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, Jerome] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Salameh, T (reprint author), UPEC, LISA, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94000 Creteil, France. EM therese.salameh@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Mines Douai Institution; Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research; Saint Joseph University (Faculty of Sciences and the Research Council); CEDRE (Cooperation pour l'Evaluation et le Developpement de la Recherche); PICS (Programme Interorganismes de Cooperation Scientifique du CNRS) [5630] FX Funding for this study was obtained from Mines Douai Institution, the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, Saint Joseph University (Faculty of Sciences and the Research Council), CEDRE (Cooperation pour l'Evaluation et le Developpement de la Recherche) and PICS project number 5630 (Programme Interorganismes de Cooperation Scientifique du CNRS). The authors acknowledge AIRPARIF for the use of NMHC data in Paris. J. Gilman, J. A. de Gouw and B. Kuster are kindly acknowledged for providing the NMHC data for Los Angeles. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1071/EN14154 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI7SC UT WOS:000354963800008 ER PT S AU Inoue, S Shiobara, E Sasami, T Isamu Takagi Kikuchi, Y Fujimori, T Minegishi, S Berg, R Lucatorto, T Hill, S Tarrio, C Pollentier, I Lin, YC Fan, YJ Ashworth, D AF Inoue, Soichi Shiobara, Eishi Sasami, Takeshi Isamu Takagi Kikuchi, Yukiko Fujimori, Toru Minegishi, Shinya Berg, Robert Lucatorto, Thomas Hill, Shanonn Tarrio, Charles Pollentier, Ivan Lin, Yen-Chih Fan, Yu-Jen Ashworth, Dominic BE Wood, OR Panning, EM TI Collaborative Work on Reducing the Intersite Gaps in Outgassing Qualification SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography VI CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, DNS Elect LLC DE EUV; lithography; resist; outgas; contamination AB This paper reports on an all-out effort to reduce the intersite gap of the resist outgassing contamination growth in the results obtained under the round-robin scheme. All test sites collaborated to determine the causes of such gaps. First, it was determined that wafer temperature during exposure could impact the amount of contamination growth. We discovered a huge intersite gap of wafer temperatures among the sites by using a wafer-shaped remote thermometer with wireless transmitting capability. Second, whether the contamination-limited regime was attained during testing could have been another primary root cause for such a difference. We found that for one of the model resists whose protecting unit had lower activation energy and molecular weight the contamination-limited regime was insufficient at one test site. Third, the ratio of the exposed area to pumping speed is necessary to equalize contamination growth. We validated the effect of matching the ratio of exposure area to pumping speed on reducing the intersite gap. This study and the protocols put in place should reduce the intersite gap dramatically. C1 [Inoue, Soichi; Shiobara, Eishi; Sasami, Takeshi; Isamu; Takagi; Kikuchi, Yukiko; Fujimori, Toru; Minegishi, Shinya] EUVL Infrastruct Dev Ctr Inc, EIDEC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Berg, Robert; Lucatorto, Thomas; Hill, Shanonn; Tarrio, Charles] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pollentier, Ivan; Lin, Yen-Chih] Imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Fan, Yu-Jen; Ashworth, Dominic] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Inoue, S (reprint author), EUVL Infrastruct Dev Ctr Inc, EIDEC, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-524-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9422 AR 942212 DI 10.1117/12.2085700 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6YJ UT WOS:000354599900035 ER PT S AU Kriese, M Platonov, Y Rodriguez, J Fournier, G Grantham, S Tarrio, C Curry, J Hill, S Lucatorto, T AF Kriese, Michael Platonov, Yuriy Rodriguez, Jim Fournier, Gary Grantham, Steven Tarrio, Charles Curry, John Hill, Shannon Lucatorto, Thomas BE Wood, OR Panning, EM TI Development and evaluation of interface-stabilized and reactive-sputtered oxide-capped multilayers for EUV lithography SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography VI CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, DNS Elect LLC DE magnetron sputtering; reactive oxide cap layer; interface; barrier layer; reflectivity; exposure testing ID MO/SI MULTILAYERS; BARRIER LAYERS AB A critical component of high-performance EUV lithography source optics is the reflecting multilayer coating. The ideal multilayer will have both high reflectance and high stability to thermal load. Additionally the capping layers must provide resistance to degradations from exposure to an EUV source, and also be compatible with, or enhance, the systems used for cleaning an exposed multilayer coating. We will report on the results of development of C and B4C stabilized Mo/Si multilayers used to increase the as-deposited peak reflectivity (Rp) as well as decreasing the loss of peak reflectivity (Rp) as a function of annealing temperature. Previous results demonstrate that these layers prevent loss of Rp for temperatures up to 600 degrees C. Results on the use of reactively-sputtered oxide capping layers such as SiO2 and ZrO2 will be presented as well, along with results of exposure testing. The deposition is performed in a dual process-chamber inline magnetron system, using reactive sputtering for the production of capping layers. The reflectometer and exposure apparatus at the NIST Physics Laboratory is used for evaluation of the performance. Exposure results on the resistance to oxidation in the presence of water vapor will be presented and discussed. C1 [Kriese, Michael; Platonov, Yuriy; Rodriguez, Jim; Fournier, Gary] Rigaku Innovat Technol, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. [Grantham, Steven; Tarrio, Charles; Curry, John; Hill, Shannon; Lucatorto, Thomas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kriese, M (reprint author), Rigaku Innovat Technol, 1900 Taylor Rd, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-524-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9422 AR 94220K DI 10.1117/12.2085934 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6YJ UT WOS:000354599900017 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yang, LL Hanzo, L Gharavi, H AF Zhang, Jiayi Yang, Lie-Liang Hanzo, Lajos Gharavi, Hamid TI Advances in Cooperative Single-Carrier FDMA Communications: Beyond LTE-Advanced SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative communications; diversity; dynamic resource allocation; frequency-domain equalization; LTE-Advanced; MIMO; opportunistic relaying; SC-FDMA ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN EQUALIZATION; DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS; AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD; ITERATIVE MULTIUSER DETECTION; BAND WIRELESS SYSTEMS; AVERAGE-POWER RATIO; CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION; TIME BLOCK-CODES; SELECTIVE FADING CHANNELS; RADIO RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB In this paper, we focus our attention on the cooperative uplink transmissions of systems beyond the LTE-Advanced initiative. We commence a unified treatment of the principle of single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA) and the similarities and dissimilarities, advantages, and weakness of the localized FDMA, the interleaved FDMA, and the orthogonal FDMA systems are compared. Furthermore, the philosophy of both user cooperation and cooperative single-carrier FDMA is reviewed. They are investigated in the context of diverse topologies, transmission modes, resource allocation, and signal processing techniques applied at the relays. Benefits of relaying in LTE-Advanced are also reviewed. Our discussions demonstrate that these advanced techniques optimally exploit the resources in the context of cooperative single-carrier FDMA system, which is a promising enabler for various uplink transmission scenarios. C1 [Zhang, Jiayi; Yang, Lie-Liang; Hanzo, Lajos] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Zhang, Jiayi; Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiayi.zhang@nist.gov; lly@ecs.soton.ac.uk; lh@ecs.soton.ac.uk; hamid.gharavi@nist.gov RI Hanzo, Lajos/S-4875-2016 OI Hanzo, Lajos/0000-0002-2636-5214 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under the India-U.K. Advanced Technology Centre; EU under the Concert Project; ERC FX This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under the India-U.K. Advanced Technology Centre, by the EU under the Concert Project, and by the ERC's Advanced Fellow Grant. NR 275 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1553-877X J9 IEEE COMMUN SURV TUT JI IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 730 EP 756 DI 10.1109/COMST.2014.2364184 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA CI6HR UT WOS:000354860000010 ER PT S AU Ballachey, BE Bodkin, JL Esler, D Rice, SD AF Ballachey, Brenda E. Bodkin, James L. Esler, Daniel Rice, Stanley D. BE Alford, JB Peterson, MS Green, CC TI Lessons from the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Biological Perspective SO IMPACTS OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS ON MARINE HABITATS AND FISHERIES IN NORTH AMERICA SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; PINK SALMON; SEA OTTERS; CRUDE-OIL; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; JUVENILE PINK; CYTOCHROME-P4501A INDUCTION C1 [Ballachey, Brenda E.; Bodkin, James L.; Esler, Daniel] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Rice, Stanley D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Ballachey, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 105 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4665-5721-5; 978-1-4665-5720-8 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2015 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7CH UT WOS:000354736900010 ER PT S AU Henn, MA Silver, RM Villarrubia, JS Zhang, NF Zhou, H Barnes, BM Ming, B Vladar, AE AF Henn, Mark-Alexander Silver, Richard M. Villarrubia, John S. Zhang, Nien Fan Zhou, Hui Barnes, Bryan M. Ming, Bin Vladar, Andras E. BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Optimizing Hybrid Metrology: Rigorous Implementation of Bayesian and Combined Regression SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE hybrid metrology; electromagnetic simulation; sensitivity and uncertainty evaluation; Bayesian data analysis AB Hybrid metrology, e.g. the combination of several measurement techniques to determine critical dimensions, is an important approach to meet the needs of semiconductor industry. A proper use of hybrid metrology may not only yield more reliable estimates for the quantitative characterization of 3-D structures but also a more realistic estimation of the corresponding uncertainties. Recent developments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) feature the combination of optical critical dimension (OCD) measurements and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results. The hybrid methodology offers the potential to make measurements of essential 3-D attributes that may not be otherwise feasible. However, combining techniques gives rise to essential challenges in error analysis and comparing results from different instrument models, especially the effect of systematic and highly correlated errors in the measurement on the chi(2) function that is minimized. Both hypothetical examples and measurement data are used to illustrate solutions to these challenges. C1 [Henn, Mark-Alexander; Silver, Richard M.; Villarrubia, John S.; Zhou, Hui; Barnes, Bryan M.; Ming, Bin; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henn, MA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.henn@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-526-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9424 AR 94241J DI 10.1117/12.2175653 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6OK UT WOS:000354250200052 ER PT S AU Hoogeboom-Pot, K Hernandez-Charpak, J Frazer, T Gu, XK Turgut, E Anderson, E Chao, WL Shaw, J Yang, RG Murnane, M Kapteyn, H Nardi, D AF Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge Frazer, Travis Gu, Xiaokun Turgut, Emrah Anderson, Erik Chao, Weilun Shaw, Justin Yang, Ronggui Murnane, Margaret Kapteyn, Henry Nardi, Damiano BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Mechanical and thermal properties of nanomaterials at sub-50nm dimensions characterized using coherent EUV beams SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE Ultrafast X-Rays; nanometrology; nano-mechanical properties; ultrathin films; nondiffusive thermal transport; mean free path spectroscopy; photoacoustic; photothermal ID FILMS; SCATTERING AB Coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from tabletop high harmonic generation offer several revolutionary capabilities for observing nanoscale systems on their intrinsic length and time scales. By launching and monitoring hypersonic acoustic waves in such systems, we characterize the mechanical properties of sub-10nm layers and find that the material densities remain close to their bulk values while their elastic properties are significantly modified. Moreover, within the same measurement, by following the heat dissipation dynamics from 30-750nm-wide nanowires, we uncover a new thermal transport regime in which closely-spaced nanoscale heat sources can surprisingly cool more efficiently than widely-spaced heat sources of the same size. C1 [Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Turgut, Emrah; Murnane, Margaret; Kapteyn, Henry; Nardi, Damiano] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Turgut, Emrah; Murnane, Margaret; Kapteyn, Henry; Nardi, Damiano] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Turgut, Emrah; Murnane, Margaret; Kapteyn, Henry; Nardi, Damiano] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gu, Xiaokun; Yang, Ronggui] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Erik; Chao, Weilun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shaw, Justin] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoogeboom-Pot, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hoogeboo@jila.colorado.edu RI Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011; Gu, Xiaokun/H-4069-2011; Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Gu, Xiaokun/0000-0003-3803-3951; Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-526-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9424 AR 942417 DI 10.1117/12.2085615 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6OK UT WOS:000354250200040 ER PT S AU Hung, PY O'Loughlin, TE Lewis, A Dechter, R Samayoa, M Banerjee, S Wood, EL Walker, ARH AF Hung, P. Y. O'Loughlin, Thomas E. Lewis, Aaron Dechter, Rimma Samayoa, Martin Banerjee, Sarbajit Wood, Erin L. Walker, Angela R. Hight BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Potential Application of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) in Semiconductor Manufacturing SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy; TERS; defect metrology; strained Si AB Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with nanometer spatial resolution, has the capability to monitor chemical composition, strain, and activated dopants and is a promising metrology tool to aid the semiconductor R&D processes. This paper addresses the major challenges which limit the application of TERS from routine measurement: the lack of comparability, reproducibility, calibration, and standardization. To address these issues, we have developed a robust test structure and the ability to generate high-quality tips using a high volume manufacturing (HVM) approach. The qualifying data will be presented. C1 [Hung, P. Y.; Samayoa, Martin] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [O'Loughlin, Thomas E.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Wood, Erin L.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lewis, Aaron; Dechter, Rimma] Nanon Imaging Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Hung, PY (reprint author), SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-526-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9424 AR 94241S DI 10.1117/12.2175623 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6OK UT WOS:000354250200059 ER PT S AU Segal-Peretz, T Winterstein, J Ren, JX Biswas, M Liddle, JA Elam, JW Ocola, LE Divan, RNS Zaluzec, N Nealey, PF AF Segal-Peretz, Tamar Winterstein, Jonathan Ren, Jiaxing Biswas, Mahua Liddle, J. Alexander Elam, Jeffrey W. Ocola, Leonidas E. Divan, Ralu N. S. Zaluzec, Nestor Nealey, Paul F. BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Metrology of DSA process using TEM tomography SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 23-26, 2015 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE Block copolymers; self-assembly; DSA; TEM; STEM; tomography; 3D characterization; SIS ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a rising technique for sub-20 nm patterning. To fully harness DSA capabilities for patterning, a detailed understanding of the three dimensional (3D) structure of BCPs is needed. By combining sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography, we have characterized the 3D structure of self-assembled and DSA BCPs films with high precision and resolution. SIS is an emerging technique for enhancing pattern transfer in BCPs through the selective growth of inorganic material in polar BCP domains. Here, Al2O3 SIS was used to enhance the imaging contrast and enable tomographic characterization of BCPs with high fidelity. Moreover, by utilizing SIS for both 3D characterization and hard mask fabrication, we were able to characterize the BCP morphology as well as the alumina nanostructures that would be used for pattern transfer. C1 [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Ren, Jiaxing; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Nealey, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Biswas, Mahua; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ocola, Leonidas E.; Divan, Ralu N. S.; Zaluzec, Nestor] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nealey, PF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5747 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM nealey@uchicago.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-526-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9424 AR 94240U DI 10.1117/12.2085577 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6OK UT WOS:000354250200029 ER PT S AU Safronova, MS Mitroy, J Clark, CW Kozlov, MG AF Safronova, M. S. Mitroy, J. Clark, Charles W. Kozlov, M. G. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Atomic Polarizabilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2010 (ICCMSE-2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE) CY OCT 03-08, 2010 CL Kos, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci, Engn & Technol DE Polarizabilities; coupled-cluster method; quantum information; atomic clocks; magic wavelengths; blackbody radiation shifts ID STATIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; BODY-PERTURBATION-THEORY; RARE-GAS ATOMS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; BLACKBODY RADIATION; REFRACTIVE INDICES; SHIELDING FACTORS; CONSTANTS AB The atomic dipole polarizability governs the first-order response of an atom to an applied electric field. Atomic polarization phenomena impinge upon a number of areas and processes in physics and have been the subject of considerable interest and heightened importance in recent years. In this paper, we will summarize some of the recent applications of atomic polarizability studies. A summary of results for polarizabilities of noble gases, monovalent, and divalent atoms is given. The development of the CI+all-order method that combines configuration interaction and linearized coupled-cluster approaches is discussed. C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Mitroy, J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Engn, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011 OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553 NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1282-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1642 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1063/1.4906633 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7GK UT WOS:000354845400009 ER PT S AU Savage, C Dong, F Nesbitt, DJ AF Savage, C. Dong, F. Nesbitt, D. J. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Jet-Cooled CH5+: Progress SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2010 (ICCMSE-2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE) CY OCT 03-08, 2010 CL Kos, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci, Engn & Technol ID UPDATED EDLEN EQUATION; MAGIC ACID SOLUTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; HYDROGEN EXCHANGE; SUPER ACIDS; METHANE; AIR; POLYCONDENSATION; INTERMEDIACY AB Protonated methane (CH5+) is thought to be a highly abundant molecular ion in interstellar medium, as well as a potentially bright. wave-mm wave emitter that could serve as a tracer for methane. This paper describes progress and first successful efforts to obtain a high resolution, supersonically cooled spectrum of CH5+ in the 2900-3100 cm(-1) region, formed in a slit supersonic discharge at low jet temperatures and with sub-Doppler resolution. Short term precision in frequency measurement (< 5 MHz on an hour time scale) is obtained from a thermally controlled optical transfer cavity servoloop locked onto a frequency stabilized HeNe laser. Long term precision (< 20 MHz day-to-day) due to pressure, temperature and humidity dependent index of refraction effects in the optical transfer cavity is also present and discussed. C1 [Savage, C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Savage, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1282-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1642 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1063/1.4906686 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7GK UT WOS:000354845400059 ER PT S AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, Marilyn E. BE Simos, TE Maroulis, G TI Infrared Spectra of Small Molecular Ions Trapped in Solid Neon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2010 (ICCMSE-2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ICCMSE) CY OCT 03-08, 2010 CL Kos, GREECE SP European Soc Computat Methods Sci, Engn & Technol ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; GROUND-STATE; O-4+; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; HOCO+; C2H4+; BF3+ AB The infrared spectrum of a molecular ion provides a unique signature for that species, gives information on its structure, and is amenable to remote sensing. It also serves as a comparison standard for refining ab initio calculations. Experiments in this laboratory trap molecular ions in dilute solid solution in neon at 4.2 K in sufficient concentration for observation of their infrared spectra between 450 and 4000 cm(!1). Discharge-excited neon atoms produce cations by photoionization and/or Penning ionization of the parent molecule. The resulting electrons are captured by other molecules, yielding anions which provide for overall charge neutrality of the deposit. Recent observations of ions produced from C2H4 and BF3 will be discussed. Because of their relatively large possibility of having low-lying excited electronic states, small, symmetric molecular cations are especially vulnerable to breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Some phenomena which can result from this breakdown will be discussed. Ion-molecule reaction rates are sufficiently high that in some systems absorptions of dimer cations and anions are also observed. When H-2 is introduced into the system, the initially-formed ion may react with it. Among the species resulting from such ion-molecule reactions that have recently been studied are O-4(+), NH4+, HOCO+, and HCO2!. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1282-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1642 BP 400 EP 403 DI 10.1063/1.4906704 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC7GK UT WOS:000354845400077 ER PT J AU Rindone, RR Kellison, GT Bortone, SA AF Rindone, R. Ryan Kellison, G. Todd Bortone, Stephen A. TI Data Availability for Red Snapper in Gulf of Mexico and Southeastern US Atlantic Ocean Waters SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; ALABAMA ARTIFICIAL REEFS; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SITE FIDELITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; CATASTROPHIC DECOMPRESSION; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; PETROLEUM PLATFORMS AB Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus populations support (or have supported) important commercial and recreational fisheries in Gulf of Mexico and southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters. Stock assessment results and related regulatory actions are contentious in both regions. We assessed the relative availability of information to support Red Snapper assessment and management between the two regions by performing a literature review and comparing the number of region-specific, Red Snapper-focused peer-reviewed publications. One hundred and ten publications (over the period 1982-2013) were identified in this search, with 94% focused on Gulf of Mexico waters. We then assessed the available information on juvenile (<= 150 mm total length) Red Snapper. Twenty-eight peer-reviewed publications focused entirely or partially on juvenile Red Snapper in Gulf of Mexico waters. None documented the occurrence of juvenile Red Snapper in southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters. For the Gulf of Mexico, more than 50,000 records of juvenile Red Snapper were identified in a single trawl survey database. For southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters, a comprehensive search of fishery-independent survey databases (totaling > 75,000 individual gear deployments and occurring across the range of habitats, depths, and seasons in which juvenile Red Snapper were collected in the Gulf of Mexico trawl survey) and institutional collections identified only 132 records of juvenile Red Snapper. These results highlight the need for additional information on Red Snapper in southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean waters and on the connectivity between Gulf of Mexico and southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean Red Snapper populations to support Red Snapper population assessment and fishery management. C1 [Rindone, R. Ryan] Gulf Mexico Fishery Management Council, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. [Kellison, G. Todd] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bortone, Stephen A.] Osprey Aquat Sci Inc, Windham, NH 03087 USA. RP Rindone, RR (reprint author), Gulf Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2203 North Lois Ave,Suite 1100, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. EM ryan.rindone@gulfcouncil.org NR 136 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.992559 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000002 ER PT J AU Huang, P Woodward, RT Wilberg, MJ Tomberlin, D AF Huang, Pei Woodward, Richard T. Wilberg, Michael J. Tomberlin, David TI Management Evaluation for the Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery: An Integrated Bioeconomic Approach SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM; STRATEGY EVALUATION; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; INVERSE; ECOSYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; MODELS; STOCK; SEA AB We integrated two existing biological models and a newly developed economic demand model to evaluate the biological and economic performance of alternative policies in the Chesapeake Bay blue crab Callinectes sapidus fishery subject to the requirement that yield and revenue be sustainable. The resulting model was able to compare outcomes of alternative management scenarios considered by policy makers. In order to provide insights into the impacts of relevant policy components in a management scenario, we regressed the sustainable outcomes, sustainable yield, and sustainable revenues on a set of policy components. A short fishing season for female crabs combined with a long fishing season for males appeared to increase sustainable yield and revenue. Among size limit policies, lower minimum limits for males, females, peelers, and soft-shell crabs appeared to reduce sustainable outcomes, while a restrictive maximum size limit for mature females seemed to improve fishery performance with respect to both sustainable revenue and sustainable yield. C1 [Huang, Pei; Woodward, Richard T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wilberg, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Tomberlin, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Huang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 2124 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM petephuang@gmail.com RI Wilberg, Michael/D-6289-2013 OI Wilberg, Michael/0000-0001-8982-5946 FU Maryland Sea Grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [R/FISH/EC-103]; Texas AgriLife Research; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch Project [TEX8604] FX This research was conducted with support from Maryland Sea Grant under award R/FISH/EC-103 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank Bo Bunnell, Tom Miller, and Douglas Lipton for sharing their individual-based model for blue crabs and Douglas Lipton for providing the blue crab market data. The participation of R.T.W. was funded in part through Texas AgriLife Research with support from the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch Project TEX8604. This is contribution 4970 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 216 EP 228 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.986342 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI2KJ UT WOS:000354576000006 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Zhang, R Lu, JW Zhang, WF AF Zhao, Yi Zhang, Rui Lu, Jiwu Zhang, Wenfeng TI Si- and Ge-Based Electronic Devices SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhao, Yi] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rui; Zhang, Wenfeng] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Lu, Jiwu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC 20599 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM yizhao@zju.edu.cn RI zhang, wenfeng/C-5730-2011 OI zhang, wenfeng/0000-0001-9487-9375 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 EI 1687-8124 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2015 AR UNSP 864972 DI 10.1155/2015/864972 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CH8QR UT WOS:000354301600001 ER PT J AU Henderson, JM Eluszkiewicz, J Mountain, ME Nehrkorn, T Chang, RYW Karion, A Miller, JB Sweeney, C Steiner, N Wofsy, SC Miller, CE AF Henderson, J. M. Eluszkiewicz, J. Mountain, M. E. Nehrkorn, T. Chang, R. Y. -W. Karion, A. Miller, J. B. Sweeney, C. Steiner, N. Wofsy, S. C. Miller, C. E. TI Atmospheric transport simulations in support of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPOSITION; WEATHER RESEARCH; MODELING SYSTEM; STILT MODEL; SEA-ICE; DISPERSION; SUMMER; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; LAND AB This paper describes the atmospheric modeling that underlies the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) science analysis, including its meteorological and atmospheric transport components (polar variant of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) models), and provides WRF validation for May-October 2012 and March-November 2013 - the first 2 years of the aircraft field campaign. A triply nested computational domain for WRF was chosen so that the innermost domain with 3.3 km grid spacing encompasses the entire mainland of Alaska and enables the substantial orography of the state to be represented by the underlying high-resolution topographic input field. Summary statistics of the WRF model performance on the 3.3 km grid indicate good overall agreement with quality-controlled surface and radiosonde observations. Two-meter temperatures are generally too cold by approximately 1.4 K in 2012 and 1.1 K in 2013, while 2 m dewpoint temperatures are too low (dry) by 0.2 K in 2012 and too high (moist) by 0.6 K in 2013. Wind speeds are biased too low by 0.2 m s(-1) in 2012 and 0.3 ms(-1) in 2013. Model representation of upper level variables is very good. These measures are comparable to model performance metrics of similar model configurations found in the literature. The high quality of these fine-resolution WRF meteorological fields inspires confidence in their use to drive STILT for the purpose of computing surface influences ("footprints") at commensurably increased resolution. Indeed, footprints generated on a 0.1 degrees grid show increased spatial detail compared with those on the more common 0.5 degrees grid, better allowing for convolution with flux models for carbon dioxide and methane across the heterogeneous Alaskan landscape. Ozone deposition rates computed using STILT footprints indicate good agreement with observations and exhibit realistic seasonal variability, further indicating that WRF-STILT footprints are of high quality and will support accurate estimates of CO2 and CH4 surface-atmosphere fluxes using CARVE observations. C1 [Henderson, J. M.; Eluszkiewicz, J.; Mountain, M. E.; Nehrkorn, T.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Chang, R. Y. -W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Karion, A.; Miller, J. B.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Steiner, N.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Henderson, JM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM jhenders@aer.com OI Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 4093 EP 4116 DI 10.5194/acp-15-4093-2015 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2EH UT WOS:000353838000008 ER PT S AU Chon, B Tokumasu, F Lee, JY Allen, DW Rice, JP Hwang, J AF Chon, Bonghwan Tokumasu, Fuyuki Lee, Ji Youn Allen, David W. Rice, Joseph P. Hwang, Jeeseong BE Allen, DW Bouchard, JP TI Making Digital Phantoms with Spectral and Spatial Light Modulators for Quantitative Applications of Hyperspectral Optical Medical Imaging Devices SO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF PHANTOMS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue VII CY FEB 07, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; optical imaging standard; digital phantom; molecular imaging; single cell imaging; scatter imaging; spatial light modulator ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SYSTEM AB We present a procedure to generate digital phantoms with a hyperspectral image projector (HIP) consisting of two liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs). The digital phantoms are 3D image data cubes of the spatial distribution of spectrally resolved abundances of intracellular light-absorbing oxy-hemoglobin molecules in single erythrocytes. Spectrally and spatially resolved image data indistinguishable from the real scene may be used as standards to calibrate image sensors and validate image analysis algorithms for their measurement quality, performance consistency, and inter-laboratory comparisons for quantitative biomedical imaging applications. C1 [Chon, Bonghwan; Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tokumasu, Fuyuki] NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Allen, David W.; Rice, Joseph P.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chon, B (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-415-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9325 AR 93250C DI 10.1117/12.2085237 PG 7 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biophysics; Optics SC Cell Biology; Biophysics; Optics GA BC6EX UT WOS:000353883600008 ER PT S AU Lemaillet, P Allen, DW Hwang, J AF Lemaillet, Paul Allen, David W. Hwang, Jeeseong BE Allen, DW Bouchard, JP TI Measurement of the optical properties of solid biomedical phantoms at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF PHANTOMS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue VII CY FEB 07, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE solid biomedical phantoms; double-integrating spheres; adding doubling; uncertainty budget ID LIQUID DIFFUSIVE MEDIUM; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; NIR WAVELENGTHS; SCATTERING; CALIBRATION; MEDIA AB Solid phantoms that serve as a proxy for human tissue provide a convenient test subject for optical medical imaging devices. In order to determine the quantitative performance of a given system, the absolute optical properties of the test subject must be known. Currently there is no national scale applicable to the scattering and absorption properties of solid diffuse tissue phantoms that would provide traceability and estimated measurement uncertainties for optical imaging applications. This paper describes progress in the development of a facility dedicated to the determination of the optical properties of solid biomedical phantoms. A brief description of the system, data analysis, Graphical User Interface (GUI), and measurement uncertainties is presented. The design is based on a double-integrating sphere, steady-state domain approach. The initial evaluation of the system includes the measurement of solid phantoms and a comparison to the manufacturer's values that were determined by a time resolved approach. The initial results indicate that measurement agreement is within the estimated uncertainties with the coverage factor k=2. C1 [Lemaillet, Paul; Allen, David W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lemaillet, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lemaillet@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-415-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9325 AR 932504 DI 10.1117/12.2085110 PG 6 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biophysics; Optics SC Cell Biology; Biophysics; Optics GA BC6EX UT WOS:000353883600001 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Adams, PB Bohnsack, JA Taylor, BL AF Waples, Robin S. Adams, Peter B. Bohnsack, James A. Taylor, Barbara L. TI When is a species at risk in 'all or a significant portion of its range'? SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIETAL VALUES; LEGAL VIABILITY; ACT; NORMATIVITY AB The US Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows protection of any species that is at risk in all or 'a significant portion of its range' (SPOIR). Because this provision is open to many possible interpretations, the agencies responsible for implementing the ESA recently published a SPOIR policy. The policy is based on a framework we developed that asks a simple question: 'If the portions of the range that are currently at risk were lost, would the entire species, at that point, be threatened or endangered?' If so, the portion of the range is significant. Some commentators have argued that the policy departs from goals the ESA was originally intended to accomplish. We disagree; biologists and managers struggling to implement provisions of the ESA in complex, realworld situations need practical guidance, and we believe our framework provides that. In particular, it avoids as much as possible normative considerations in evaluating 'significance' in terms of human values; instead, we focus on significance to the species, which is consistent with the ESA focus on preventing extinctions, as well as with the mandate that listing determinations be based 'solely' on scientific information. However, we agree with some critics that a crucial factor in implementation of the policy will be how historical versus current concepts of range are reconciled. We believe that historical distribution and abundance are important, not as specific restoration goals, but as reference points that characterize conditions under which we are confident the species was viable. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bohnsack, James A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 2 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.3354/esr00669 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CH3GG UT WOS:000353916400009 ER PT J AU He, T Wu, H Wu, GT Li, Z Zhou, W Ju, XH Xie, D Chen, P AF He, Teng Wu, Hui Wu, Guotao Li, Zhao Zhou, Wei Ju, Xiaohua Xie, Dong Chen, Ping TI Lithium amidoborane hydrazinates: synthesis, structure and hydrogen storage properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; METAL AMIDOBORANES; RELEASE; ALKALI; AMIDOTRIHYDROBORATE; HYDRAZINIDOBORANE; CATALYSIS AB The first metal amidoborane hydrazinate with a composition of LiNH2BH3 center dot NH2NH2 was successfully synthesized and characterized in the present study. LiNH2BH3 center dot NH2NH2 exhibits a monoclinic P2(1)/n space group with lattice parameters of a = 10.0650 angstrom, b = 6.3105 angstrom, c = 7.4850 angstrom, and beta = 107.497 degrees. Meanwhile, lithium amidoborane hydrazinates with different molar ratios of LiNH2BH3 (LiAB) and NH2NH2 were synthesized and characterized. It was found that 4LiAB-NH2NH2 can release 1.6 equiv. and 2.5 equiv. of H-2/LiAB at 75 degrees C and 170 degrees C, respectively. Therefore, around 7.1 wt% and 11.1 wt% of hydrogen can be released from 4LiAB-NH2NH2 at 75 degrees C and 170 degrees C, respectively, which are higher values than those for pristine LiAB. A dehydrogenation mechanism, which may be initiated by the "homogeneous dissociation" of N-N in hydrazine, is also proposed and discussed in this study. C1 [He, Teng; Wu, Guotao; Li, Zhao; Ju, Xiaohua; Xie, Dong; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. RP Wu, GT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM wgt@dicp.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Xie, Dong/I-6761-2013 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Xie, Dong/0000-0001-7394-8896 FU National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar [51225206]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1232120, 51301161, 21473181, 51472237]; Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the project of National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (51225206), projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos U1232120, 51301161, 21473181 and 51472237) and project from Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province, and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 18 BP 10100 EP 10106 DI 10.1039/c5ta00985e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CH3JR UT WOS:000353927500094 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Skomal, GB AF Natanson, Lisa J. Skomal, Gregory B. TI Age and growth of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon-14; lamnid; vertebral column ID ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; BOMB RADIOCARBON; SHORTFIN MAKO; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; VALIDATED AGE; LAMNA-NASUS; VERTEBRAE; SYMMETRY; TABLES; RAYS AB Age and growth estimates for the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA) were derived from band pair counts on the vertebral centra of 81 specimens collected between 1963 and 2010. We used two previously published criteria to interpret band pairs and assessed the validity of each method using C-14 levels from a recent bomb radiocarbon validation study and existing C-14 reference chronologies in the WNA. Although both criteria produced age estimates consistent, to varying degrees, with different reference chronologies, only one was considered valid when life history information was used to select the appropriate reference chronology and minimum/maximum ages based on bomb carbon values were taken into consideration. These age estimates, validated up to 44 years, were used to develop a growth curve for the species, which was best described using the Schnute general model (sexes combined). These results indicate that white sharks grow more slowly and live longer than previously thought. C1 [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Skomal, Gregory B.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lisa.natanson@noaa.gov FU Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Act FX We thank the fishermen who allowed us to sample their catches and all the tournament officials who gave us the opportunity to sample at their events. We thank Allen Andrews, Simon Thorrold and Michelle Passerotti for help in interpreting the bomb carbon data and literature. Russell Hilliard helped in locating samples. Tobey Curtis provided information on verified lengths in the WNA. We cannot express the gratitude we owe Megan Winton for her help calculating growth curves in R, she is infinitely patient. We also express our appreciation to Kelsey James who served as second reader for Criterion B and spent many days listening to theories of band counts. We acknowledge the support of the Apex Predators Program staff and particularly Wes Pratt and Jack Casey for laying the groundwork for this study. This study was supported in part with funds from the Federal Aid in Sportfish Restoration Act. This is Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Contribution number 51. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 32 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2015 VL 66 IS 5 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1071/MF14127 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CH3AT UT WOS:000353898600001 ER PT J AU Chittaro, PM Zabel, RW Beckman, B Larsen, DA Tillotson, A AF Chittaro, Paul M. Zabel, Richard W. Beckman, Brian Larsen, Donald A. Tillotson, Abby TI Validation of Daily Increment Formation in Otoliths from Spring Chinook Salmon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE otolith; age; daily increments; salmon ID DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MICROSTRUCTURE; FISHES; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL AB Increments of a fish otolith are commonly used to estimate age and somatic growth; yet the accuracy of such estimates first requires an understanding of the periodicity with which increments are formed. We conducted a rearing experiment to evaluate daily formation of increments in otoliths from spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an anadromous fish from the Yakima River, Washington. Specifically, we compared the known number of post-emergence days that fish were alive to the number of otolith increments formed after an emergence check. Our results indicated daily formation of otolith increments, thus corroborating previous studies and supporting the use of otolith increments to estimate age and somatic growth of individual Chinook salmon. Given the positive relationship between body size and survival to adulthood, continued use of otolith microstructure to quantify age and growth will help identify factors critical for the recovery of listed Chinook salmon populations. C1 [Chittaro, Paul M.; Zabel, Richard W.; Beckman, Brian; Larsen, Donald A.; Tillotson, Abby] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM paul.chittaro@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 89 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CH9BQ UT WOS:000354331400007 ER PT S AU Clark, JB Glasser, RT Glorieux, Q Vogl, U Li, T Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Clark, Jeremy B. Glasser, Ryan T. Glorieux, Quentin Vogl, Ulrich Li, Tian Jones, Kevin M. Lett, Paul D. BE Shahriar, SM Scheuer, J TI Measuring the Propagation of Information and Entanglement in Dispersive Media SO SLOW LIGHT, FAST LIGHT, AND OPTO-ATOMIC PRECISION METROLOGY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Slow Light, Fast Light, and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology VIII CY FEB 08-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Continuous-variable entanglement; quantum information; four-wave mixing; dispersion ID QUANTUM INFORMATION; FAST-LIGHT; IMAGES; SPEED; NOISE; SLOW AB Although it is widely accepted that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light in vacuum, the behavior of quantum correlations and entanglement propagating through actively pumped dispersive media has not been thoroughly studied. Here we investigate the behavior of quantum correlations and information in the presence of a nonlinear dispersive gaseous medium. We show that the quantum correlations can be advanced by a small fraction of the correlation time while the entanglement is preserved even in the presence of noise added by phase insensitive gain. Additionally, although we observe an advance of the peak of the quantum mutual information between the modes, we find that the degradation of the mutual information due to the added noise appears to prevent an advancement of the mutual information's leading tail. In contrast, we show that both the leading and trailing tails of the mutual information in a slow light system can be significantly delayed in the presence of four-wave mixing (4WM) and electromagnetically induced transparency. C1 [Clark, Jeremy B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Glasser, Ryan T.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Glorieux, Quentin] Univ Paris 06, Lab Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Super, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Glorieux, Quentin] UPMC, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Vogl, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Tian; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Kevin M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Lett, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.lett@nist.gov RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014; Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797; Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-468-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9378 AR 93780T DI 10.1117/12.2086776 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6OQ UT WOS:000354263300010 ER PT J AU White, C Tan, KT Hunston, D Steffens, K Stanley, DL Satija, SK Akgun, B Vogt, BD AF White, Christopher Tan, Kar Tean Hunston, Donald Steffens, Kristen Stanley, Deborah L. Satija, Sushil K. Akgun, Bulent Vogt, Bryan D. TI Mechanisms of criticality in environmental adhesion loss SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CRITICAL RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; THIN-FILM; THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION; WATER; JOINTS; MOISTURE; METHACRYLATE); TEMPERATURE; DURABILITY AB Moisture attack on adhesive joints is a long-standing scientific and engineering problem. A particularly interesting observation is that when the moisture level in certain systems exceeds a critical concentration, the bonded joint shows a dramatic loss of strength. The joint interface plays a dominant role in this phenomenon; however, why a critical concentration of moisture exists and what role is played by the properties of the bulk adhesive have not been adequately addressed. Moreover if the interface is crucial, the local water content near the interface will help elucidate the mechanisms of criticality more than the more commonly examined bulk water concentration in the adhesive. To gain a detailed picture of this criticality, we have combined a fracture mechanics approach to determine joint strength with neutron reflectivity, which provides the moisture distribution near the interface. A well-defined model system, silica glass substrates bonded to a series of polymers based on poly(n-alkyl methacrylate), was utilized to probe the role of the adhesive in a systematic manner. By altering the alkyl chain length, the molecular structure of the polymer can be systematically changed to vary the chemical and physical properties of the adhesive over a relatively wide range. Our findings suggest that the loss of adhesion is dependent on a combination of the build-up of the local water concentration near the interface, interfacial swelling stresses resulting from water absorption, and water-induced weakening of the interfacial bonds. This complexity explains the source of criticality in environmental adhesion failure and could enable design of adhesives to minimize environmental failure. C1 [White, Christopher; Tan, Kar Tean; Hunston, Donald; Steffens, Kristen; Stanley, Deborah L.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.; Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. RP White, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; vogt@uakron.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145; NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 20 BP 3994 EP 4001 DI 10.1039/c4sm02725f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CI0SU UT WOS:000354449100006 PM 25893710 ER PT S AU Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW Almand-Hunter, AE Wang, K Cundiff, ST AF Mootz, M. Kira, M. Koch, S. W. Almand-Hunter, A. E. Wang, K. Cundiff, S. T. BE Betz, M Elezzabi, AY Tsen, KT TI Quantum-optical spectroscopy on dropletons SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA AND NANOPHOTONICS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XIX CY FEB 08-11, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, FEMTOLASERS Produkt GmbH DE Quantum optical spectroscopy; dropletons; biexcitons; quantum spectroscopy; quasiparticles ID PAIR CORRELATION-FUNCTION; LIQUID WATER; STATES; BIEXCITONS; COHERENT; LIGHT; WELL AB Dropletons are new highly correlated quasiparticles recently discovered in GaAs quantum wells. The dropleton discovery is verified with a new measurement set and the full identification cycle is presented. The analysis confirms that a dropleton contains four or more electron-hole pairs within a tiny correlation bubble and that dropleton's electron-hole pairs are in a liquid-like state that is quantized due to quantum confinement. C1 [Mootz, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Wang, K.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Wang, K.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mootz, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM martin.mootz@physik.uni-marburg.de NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-451-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9361 AR 936115 DI 10.1117/12.2079028 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6OW UT WOS:000354276800017 ER PT S AU Cai, T Bose, R Choudhury, KR Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Cai, Tao Bose, Ranojoy Choudhury, Kaushik Roy Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo BE Hasan, ZU Hemmer, PR Lee, H Migdall, AL TI Coherent control of energy transfer in a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal molecule SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication VIII CY FEB 10-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Vacuum Rabi oscillation; coherent control; photonic crystal cavity; photonic crystal molecule; quantum dot; AC stark shift; light matter interaction ID SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOCAVITY; CIRCUIT; SYSTEM; STATES AB Vacuum Rabi oscillation is a damped oscillation in which energy can transfer between an atomic excitation and a photon when an atom is strongly coupled to a photonic cavity. This process is challenging to be coherently controlled due to the fact that interaction between the atom and the electromagnetic resonator needs to be modulated in a quick manner compared to vacuum Rabi frequency. This control has been achieved at microwave frequencies, but has remained challenging to be implemented in the optical domain. Here we demonstrated coherent control of energy transfer in a semiconductor quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal molecule by manipulating the vacuum Rabi oscillation of the system. Instead of using a single photonic crystal cavity, we utilized a photonic crystal molecule consisting two coupled photonic crystal defect cavities to obtain both strong quantum dot-cavity coupling and cavityenhanced AC stark shift. In our system the AC stark shift modulates the coupling interaction between the quantum dot and the cavity by shifting the quantum dot resonance, on timescales (picosecond) shorter than the vacuum Rabi period. We demonstrated the ability to transfer excitation between a quantum dot and cavity, and performed coherent control of light-matter states. Our results provides an ultra-fast approach for probing and controlling light-matter interactions in an integrated nanophotonic device, and could pave the way for gigahertz rate synthesis of arbitrary quantum states of light at optical frequencies. C1 [Cai, Tao; Bose, Ranojoy; Choudhury, Kaushik Roy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cai, Tao; Bose, Ranojoy; Choudhury, Kaushik Roy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tcai@umd.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-467-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9377 AR 93770A DI 10.1117/12.2078199 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA BC6FI UT WOS:000353892600004 ER PT S AU Sun, S Kim, H Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Sun, Shuo Kim, Hyochul Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo BE Hasan, ZU Hemmer, PR Lee, H Migdall, AL TI Control of the cavity reflectivity using a single quantum dot spin SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication VIII CY FEB 10-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Cavity quantum electrodynamics; quantum dot spin; photonic crystal cavity ID PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL NANOCAVITY; NETWORK; SYSTEM AB We experimentally realize a solid-state spin-photon transistor using a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We are able to control the light polarization through manipulation of the quantum dot spin states. The spinphoton transistor is crucial for realizing a quantum logic gate or generating hybrid entanglement between a quantum dot spin and a photon. Our results represent an important step towards semiconductor based quantum logic devices and onchip quantum networks. C1 [Sun, Shuo; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Sun, Shuo/0000-0003-4171-0466 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-467-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9377 AR 937707 DI 10.1117/12.2079733 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA BC6FI UT WOS:000353892600001 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF AF Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. Denig, W. F. TI Transitions between states of magnetotail-ionosphere coupling and the role of solar wind dynamic pressure: the 25 July 2004 interplanetary CME case SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric Physics (Storms and substorms) ID SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOSPHERE; FLOWS; MODEL AB In a case study, we investigate transitions between fundamental magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling modes during storm-time conditions (SYM-H between 100 and 160 nT) driven by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME). We combine observations from the near tail, at geostationary altitude (GOES-10), and electrojet activities across the auroral oval at postnoon-to-dusk and midnight. After an interval of strong westward electrojet (WEJ) activity, a 3 h long state of attenuated/quenched WEJ activity was initiated by abrupt drops in the solar wind density and dynamic pressure. The attenuated substorm activity consisted of brief phases of magnetic field perturbation and electron flux decrease at GOES-10 near midnight and moderately strong conjugate events of WEJ enhancements at the southern boundary of the oval, as well as a series of very strong eastward electrojet (EEJ) events at dusk, during a phase of enhanced ring current evolution, i.e., enhanced SYM-H deflection within 120 to 150 nT. Each of these M-I coupling events was preceded by poleward boundary intensifications and auroral streamers at higher oval latitudes. We identify this mode of attenuated substorm activity as being due to a magnetotail state characterized by bursty reconnection and bursty bulk flows/dipolarization fronts (multiple current wedgelets) with associated injection dynamo in the near tail, in their braking phase. The latter process is associated with activations of the Bostrom type II (meridional) current system. A transition to the next state of M-I coupling, when a full substorm expansion took place, was triggered by an abrupt increase of the ICME dynamic pressure from 1 to 5 nPa. The brief field deflection events at GOES-10 were then replaced by a 20 min long interval of extreme field stretching (B-z approaching 5 nT and B-x approximate to 100 nT) followed by a major dipolarization (Delta B-z approximate to 100 nT). In the ionosphere the latter stage appeared as a "full-size" stepwise poleward expansion of the WEJ. It thus appears that the ICME passage led to fundamentally different M-I coupling states corresponding to different levels of dynamic pressure (P-dyn) under otherwise very similar ICME conditions. Full WEJ activity, covering a wide latitude range across the auroral oval in the midnight sector, was attenuated by the abrupt dynamic pressure decrease and resumed after the subsequent abrupt increase. C1 [Sandholt, P. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Space Sci Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Denig, W. F.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no FU NASA [NNX10AQ29G, NNX13AP39G] FX This work was supported in part by NASA Grants NNX10AQ29G and NNX13AP39G. We thank the institutions for operating the IMAGE (FMI, Finland and Tromso Geophysical Observatory, Norway) and Alaska chain (University of Alaska, Fairbanks) ground magnetometers used in this study. Magnetic indices AL and SYM-H were obtained from omni-web.gsfc.nasa.gov. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-427-2015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2FB UT WOS:000353840000001 ER PT J AU Nikolaev, AV Sergeev, VA Tsyganenko, NA Kubyshkina, MV Opgenoorth, H Singer, H Angelopoulos, V AF Nikolaev, A. V. Sergeev, V. A. Tsyganenko, N. A. Kubyshkina, M. V. Opgenoorth, H. Singer, H. Angelopoulos, V. TI A quantitative study of magnetospheric magnetic field line deformation by a two-loop substorm current wedge SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; current systems; storms and substorms) ID WESTWARD TRAVELING SURGE; ALIGNED CURRENTS; PLASMA SHEET; AURORAL SUBSTORMS; MHD SIMULATIONS; LARGE-SCALE; MODEL; FLOWS; MANIFESTATION; ACTIVATIONS AB Substorm current wedge (SCW) formation is associated with global magnetic field reconfiguration during substorm expansion. We combine a two-loop model SCW (SCW2L) with a background magnetic field model to investigate distortion of the ionospheric footpoint pattern in response to changes of different SCW2L parameters. The SCW-related plasma sheet footprint shift results in formation of a pattern resembling an auroral bulge, the poleward expansion of which is controlled primarily by the total current in the region 1 sense current loop (I-1). The magnitude of the footprint latitudinal shift may reach similar to 10 degrees corrected geomagnetic latitude (CGLat) during strong sub-storms (I-1 = 2 MA). A strong helical magnetic field around the field-aligned current generates a surge-like region with embedded spiral structures, associated with a westward traveling surge (WTS) at the western end of the SCW. The helical field may also contribute to rotation of the ionospheric projection of narrow plasma streams (auroral streamers). Other parameters, including the total current in the second (region 2 sense) loop, were found to be of secondary importance. Analyzing two consecutive dipolarizations on 17 March 2010, we used magnetic variation data obtained from a dense midlatitude ground network and several magnetospheric spacecraft, as well as the adaptive AM03 model, to specify SCW2L parameters, which allowed us to predict the magnitude of poleward auroral expansion. Auroral observations made during the two substorm activations demonstrate that the SCW2L combined with the AM03 model nicely describes the azimuthal progression and the observed magnitude of the auroral expansion. This finding indicates that the SCW-related distortions are responsible for much of the observed global development of bright auroras. C1 [Nikolaev, A. V.; Sergeev, V. A.; Tsyganenko, N. A.; Kubyshkina, M. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earth Phys, Petrodvorets, Russia. [Opgenoorth, H.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala Div, Uppsala, Sweden. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Space Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Nikolaev, AV (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earth Phys, Petrodvorets, Russia. EM demosfen.spb@gmail.com RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Nikolaev, Alexander/M-8355-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Nikolaev, Alexander/0000-0001-5558-9615; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 FU EU [263325]; RFBR [14-05-31472] FX This study was supported by the EU FP7 grant 263325 (ECLAT) and RFBR grant no. 14-05-31472. We thank J. Hohl (Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, UCLA) for help with editing of the manuscript. We also thank INTERMAGNET project (http://intermagnet.org) for providing ground magnetometer data and CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov) data base for providing spacecraft and auroral observations. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 4 BP 505 EP 517 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-505-2015 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CH2FB UT WOS:000353840000008 ER PT J AU Strutton, PG Coles, VJ Hood, RR Matear, RJ McPhaden, MJ Phillips, HE AF Strutton, P. G. Coles, V. J. Hood, R. R. Matear, R. J. McPhaden, M. J. Phillips, H. E. TI Biogeochemical variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean during the monsoon transition SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH MOORED ARRAY; SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; MODEL; DIPOLE; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION AB In this paper we examine time-series measurements of near-surface chlorophyll concentration from a mooring that was deployed at 80.5 degrees E on the equator in the Indian Ocean in 2010. These data reveal at least six striking spikes in chlorophyll from October through December, at approximately 2-week intervals, that coincide with the development of the fall Wyrtki jets during the transition between the summer and winter monsoons. Concurrent meteorological and in situ physical measurements from the mooring reveal that the chlorophyll pulses are associated with the intensification of eastward winds at the surface and eastward currents in the mixed layer. These observations are inconsistent with upwelling dynamics as they occur in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, since eastward winds that force Wyrtki jet intensification should drive downwelling. The chlorophyll spikes could be explained by two alternative mechanisms: (1) turbulent entrainment of nutrients and/or chlorophyll from across the base of the mixed layer by wind stirring or Wyrtki jet-induced shear instability or (2) enhanced southward advection of high chlorophyll concentrations into the equatorial zone. The first mechanism is supported by the phasing and amplitude of the relationship between wind stress and chlorophyll, which suggests that the chlorophyll spikes are the result of turbulent entrainment driven by synoptic zonal wind events. The second mechanism is supported by the observation of eastward flows over the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, generating high chlorophyll to the north of the equator. Occasional southward advection can then produce the chlorophyll spikes that are observed in the mooring record. Wind-forced biweekly mixed Rossby gravity waves are a ubiquitous feature of the ocean circulation in this region, and we examine the possibility that they may play a role in chlorophyll variability. Statistical analyses and results from the OFAM3 (Ocean Forecasting Australia Model, version 3) eddy-resolving model provide support for both mechanisms. However, the model does not reproduce the observed spikes in chlorophyll. Climatological satellite chlorophyll data show that the elevated chlorophyll concentrations in this region are consistently observed year after year and so are reflective of recurring large-scale wind-and circulation-induced productivity enhancement in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. C1 [Strutton, P. G.; Phillips, H. E.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Strutton, P. G.; Phillips, H. E.] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Coles, V. J.; Hood, R. R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Matear, R. J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Strutton, PG (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. EM peter.strutton@utas.edu.au RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Phillips, Helen/I-3761-2013; OI Phillips, Helen/0000-0002-2941-7577; Strutton, Peter/0000-0002-2395-9471 FU Australian Research Council's Future Fellow scheme; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science; Australian Research Council; CSIRO; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Flagship; NOAA FX P. G. Strutton is supported by the Australian Research Council's Future Fellow scheme and the Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. H. E. Phillips is supported by the Australian Research Council's Discovery Project scheme and the Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. R. Hood was supported by a CSIRO Frohlich fellowship. R. J. Matear is supported by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Flagship. M. J. McPhaden is supported by NOAA. This is NOAA/PMEL contribution number 4113 and UMCES contribution number 4963. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2367 EP 2382 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2367-2015 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CH2FG UT WOS:000353840500007 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, AP Andres, R Houghton, R Stocker, BD Wanninkhof, R Anderegg, W Cooper, LA DeGrandpre, M Tans, PP Miller, JB Alden, C White, JWC AF Ballantyne, A. P. Andres, R. Houghton, R. Stocker, B. D. Wanninkhof, R. Anderegg, W. Cooper, L. A. DeGrandpre, M. Tans, P. P. Miller, J. B. Alden, C. White, J. W. C. TI Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SAMPLING-NETWORK; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; CYCLE; CLIMATE AB Over the last 5 decades monitoring systems have been developed to detect changes in the accumulation of carbon (C) in the atmosphere and ocean; however, our ability to detect changes in the behavior of the global C cycle is still hindered by measurement and estimate errors. Here we present a rigorous and flexible framework for assessing the temporal and spatial components of estimate errors and their impact on uncertainty in net C uptake by the biosphere. We present a novel approach for incorporating temporally correlated random error into the error structure of emission estimates. Based on this approach, we conclude that the 2 sigma uncertainties of the atmospheric growth rate have decreased from 1.2 Pg C yr(-1) in the 1960s to 0.3 Pg C yr(-1) in the 2000s due to an expansion of the atmospheric observation network. The 2 sigma uncertainties in fossil fuel emissions have increased from 0.3 Pg C yr(-1) in the 1960s to almost 1.0 Pg C yr(-1) during the 2000s due to differences in national reporting errors and differences in energy inventories. Lastly, while land use emissions have remained fairly constant, their errors still remain high and thus their global C uptake uncertainty is not trivial. Currently, the absolute errors in fossil fuel emissions rival the total emissions from land use, highlighting the extent to which fossil fuels dominate the global C budget. Because errors in the atmospheric growth rate have decreased faster than errors in total emissions have increased, a similar to 20% reduction in the overall uncertainty of net C global uptake has occurred. Given all the major sources of error in the global C budget that we could identify, we are 93% confident that terrestrial C uptake has increased and 97% confident that ocean C uptake has increased over the last 5 decades. Thus, it is clear that arguably one of the most vital ecosystem services currently provided by the biosphere is the continued removal of approximately half of atmospheric CO2 emissions from the atmosphere, although there are certain environmental costs associated with this service, such as the acidification of ocean waters. C1 [Ballantyne, A. P.; Cooper, L. A.; DeGrandpre, M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Andres, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Houghton, R.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Anderegg, W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tans, P. P.; Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Alden, C.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ballantyne, AP (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM ashley.ballantyne@umontana.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; ALDEN, CAROLINE/0000-0002-5249-7800; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979 FU NSF; NRC FX This research was supported by grants from NSF and NRC to A. P. Ballantyne. This work would not have been possible without the continuous atmospheric sampling efforts of dozens of volunteer scientists from around the world and careful measurements by researchers at NOAA ESRL. We would also like to thank Gregg Marland, Glen Peters, and one anonymous reviewer, as well as students in the Emerging Topics in Ecosystem Science seminar at the University of Montana for helpful feedback. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2565 EP 2584 DI 10.5194/bg-12-2565-2015 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CH2FG UT WOS:000353840500019 ER PT J AU Wu, H Tang, WS Zhou, W Stavila, V Rush, JJ Udovic, TJ AF Wu, Hui Tang, Wan Si Zhou, Wei Stavila, Vitalie Rush, John J. Udovic, Terrence J. TI The structure of monoclinic Na2B10H10: a combined diffraction, spectroscopy, and theoretical approach SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID SODIUM; NA; SCATTERING; NA2B12H12; BATTERIES; CRYSTAL; NUCLEAR; RB AB Neutron powder diffraction measurements of a specially synthesized (Na2B10D10)-B-11 compound, buttressed by comparative measurements and calculations of vibrational dynamics, have led to an improved, Rietveld-refined, structural model for its low-temperature monoclinic phase. The detailed atomic arrangements and phases for this compound are important for an understanding of its potential roles for fast-ion-battery and hydrogen-storage applications. A comparison of the calculated phonon densities of states (PDOSs) based on density functional theory for both the previously published structure and our new modified structure show that the PDOS of the latter is in noticeably better agreement with that experimentally observed by neutron vibrational spectroscopy. Moreover, this improved structure is predicted to have a higher stability and exhibits more reasonable separations between all neighboring sodium cations and decahydro-closo-decaborate anions. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining first-principles computational methods and neutron-based structural and spectroscopic techniques for determining crystal structures for such complex hydrogenous materials. C1 [Wu, Hui; Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hui.wu@nist.gov; udovic@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0002978]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under grant no. DE-EE0002978. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank Drs. M. R. Hudson and C. M. Brown for their assistance in providing the synchrotron XRPD measurements. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2015 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3533 EP 3540 DI 10.1039/c5ce00369e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CG9MW UT WOS:000353640900018 ER PT J AU McKenna, MF Calambokidis, J Oleson, EM Laist, DW Goldbogen, JA AF McKenna, Megan F. Calambokidis, John Oleson, Erin M. Laist, David W. Goldbogen, Jeremy A. TI Simultaneous tracking of blue whales and large ships demonstrates limited behavioral responses for avoiding collision SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; VESSEL SPEED; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; PROBABILITY; ABUNDANCE; INSIGHTS; STRIKES AB Collisions between ships and whales are reported throughout the world's oceans. For some endangered whale populations, ship strikes are a major threat to survival and recovery. Factors known to affect the incidence and severity of collisions include spatial co-occurrence of ships and whales, hydrodynamic forces around ships, and ship speed. Less understood and likely key to understanding differences in interactions between whales and ships is whale behavior in the presence of ships. In commercial shipping lanes off southern California, we simultaneously recorded blue whale behavior and commercial ship movement. A total of 20 ship passages with 9 individual whales were observed at distances ranging from 60 to 3600 m. We documented a dive response (i.e. shallow dive during surface period) of blue whales in the path of oncoming ships in 55% of the ship passages, but found no evidence for lateral avoidance. Descent rate, duration, and maximum depth of the observed response dives were similar to whale behavior immediately after suction-cup tag deployments. These behavioral data were combined with ship hydrodynamic forces to evaluate the maximum ship speed that would allow a whale time to avoid an oncoming ship. Our analysis suggests that the ability of blue whales to avoid ships is limited to relatively slow descents, with no horizontal movements away from a ship. We posit that this constrained response repertoire would limit their ability to adjust their response behavior to different ship speeds. This is likely a factor in making blue whales, and perhaps other large whales, more vulnerable to ship strikes. C1 [McKenna, Megan F.; Laist, David W.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McKenna, Megan F.; Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Goldbogen, Jeremy A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP McKenna, MF (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM megan_f_mckenna@nps.gov OI Goldbogen, Jeremy/0000-0002-4170-7294 FU ONR [N000140811221]; NMFS Marine Mammal Conservation Division; National Academy of Science; postdoctoral fellowship; Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary FX Tag data were collected under NOAA-NMFS Permit 540-1811 issued to J. Calambokidis. The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of all involved in collecting these data, especially: S. Katz, K. Stingle, S. Kerosky, A. Friedlaender, B. Southall, E. Falcone, G. Schorr, C. Garsha and numerous field volunteers. We thank Steve Katz of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary for continued support of the project, securing time onboard the RV 'Shearwater', his assistance with field logistics, and his insight on data analysis. The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary provided assistance in field operations, and T. Shinn, M. Davis, and C. Lara are thanked for their help. This work was supported by ONR, Award Number N000140811221 to E. Oleson and J. Hildebrand. Additional funds were provided by a NMFS Marine Mammal Conservation Division, National Academy of Science, postdoctoral fellowship awarded to the senior author and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.3354/esr00666 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CH3GK UT WOS:000353916900003 ER PT J AU Prat, OP Nelson, BR AF Prat, O. P. Nelson, B. R. TI Evaluation of precipitation estimates over CONUS derived from satellite, radar, and rain gauge data sets at daily to annual scales (2002-2012) SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; ERROR VARIANCE; NEXRAD DATA; RESOLUTION; VERIFICATION; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; MODEL AB We use a suite of quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) derived from satellite, radar, and surface observations to derive precipitation characteristics over the contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period 2002-2012. This comparison effort includes satellite multi-sensor data sets (bias-adjusted TMPA 3B42, near-real-time 3B42RT), radar estimates (NCEP Stage IV), and rain gauge observations. Remotely sensed precipitation data sets are compared with surface observations from the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily (GHCN-D) and from the PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). The comparisons are performed at the annual, seasonal, and daily scales over the River Forecast Centers (RFCs) for CONUS. Annual average rain rates present a satisfying agreement with GHCN-D for all products over CONUS (+/- 6 %). However, differences at the RFC are more important in particular for near-real-time 3B42RT precipitation estimates (-33 to +49 %). At annual and seasonal scales, the bias-adjusted 3B42 presented important improvement when compared to its near-real-time counterpart 3B42RT. However, large biases remained for 3B42 over the western USA for higher average accumulation (>= 5 mm day(-1)) with respect to GHCN-D surface observations. At the daily scale, 3B42RT performed poorly in capturing extreme daily precipitation (> 4 in. day(-1)) over the Pacific Northwest. Furthermore, the conditional analysis and a contingency analysis conducted illustrated the challenge in retrieving extreme precipitation from remote sensing estimates. C1 [Prat, O. P.] N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Prat, O. P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Nelson, B. R.] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM olivier.prat@noaa.gov RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This research was supported by the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under the agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 2037 EP 2056 DI 10.5194/hess-19-2037-2015 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CH2TH UT WOS:000353877000026 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR AF Reyes, Darwin R. TI The art in science of MicroTAS: the 2014 issue SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov FU MicroTAS; Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS); Lab on a Chip journal; NIST FX The Art in Science award is sponsored and supported by MicroTAS, the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS), the Lab on a Chip journal, and NIST. The award consists of a monetary prize ($2,500), an award certificate, and the coveted front cover of the Lab on a Chip journal. Please check the MicroTAS 2015 conference website for further details regarding the submission of images for the next MicroTAS Conference in Gyeongju, Korea. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2015 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1983 DI 10.1039/c5lc90049b PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG3ZR UT WOS:000353219800001 PM 25868983 ER PT S AU Andrews, RW Peterson, RW Purdy, TP Cicak, K Simmonds, RW Regal, CA Lehnert, KW AF Andrews, R. W. Peterson, R. W. Purdy, T. P. Cicak, K. Simmonds, R. W. Regal, C. A. Lehnert, K. W. BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Connecting microwave and optical frequencies with a vibrational degree of freedom SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optomechanics; electromechanics; silicon nitride; frequency conversion ID RADIATION; CONVERSION; MEMBRANE; RECEIVER; WINDOWS; CAVITY AB We describe the construction of a device that converts electromagnetic signals from microwave (7 GHz) to optical (282 THz) frequencies, and vice-versa. The frequency converter relies on a flexible silicon nitride membrane that is coupled via radiation pressure to both a microwave circuit and a Fabry-Perot cavity. The frequency converter achieves conversion efficiencies of 10%, and is potentially capable of frequency conversion of quantum signals. C1 [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Cicak, K.; Simmonds, R. W.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Andrews, RW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM reed.andrews@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-433-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9343 AR 934309 DI 10.1117/12.2082941 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6AK UT WOS:000353695900003 ER PT J AU Meyer, M Mulholland, GW Bryg, V Urban, DL Yuan, ZG Ruff, GA Cleary, T Yang, JA AF Meyer, Marit Mulholland, George W. Bryg, Victoria Urban, David L. Yuan, Zeng-guang Ruff, Gary A. Cleary, Thomas Yang, Jiann TI Smoke Characterization and Feasibility of the Moment Method for Spacecraft Fire Detection SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS; INSTRUMENTS; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES AB The Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) has been conducted twice by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and provided real-time aerosol data in a spacecraft micro-gravity environment. Flight experiment results have been recently analyzed with respect to comparable ground-based experiments. The ground tests included an electrical mobility analyzer as a reference instrument for measuring particle size distributions of the smoke produced from overheating five common spacecraft materials. Repeatable sample surface temperatures were obtained with the SAME ground-based hardware, and measurements were taken with the aerosol instruments returned from the International Space Station comprising two commercial smoke detectors, three aerosol instruments, which measure moments of the particle size distribution, and a thermal precipitator for collecting smoke particles for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moment averages from the particle number concentration (zeroth moment), the diameter concentration (first moment), and the mass concentration (third moment) allowed calculation of the count mean diameter and the diameter of average mass of smoke particles. Additional size distribution information, including geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviations, can be calculated if the particle size distribution is assumed to be lognormal. Both unaged and aged smoke particle size distributions from ground experiments were analyzed to determine the validity of lognormal assumption. Comparisons are made between flight experiment particle size distribution statistics generated by moment calculations and microscopy particle size distributions (using projected area equivalent diameter) from TEM grids, which have been returned to the Earth. C1 [Meyer, Marit; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust Phys & Reacting Proc Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Mulholland, George W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Cleary, Thomas; Yang, Jiann] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryg, Victoria; Yuan, Zeng-guang] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Meyer, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Combust Phys & Reacting Proc Branch, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM marit.meyer@nasa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 49 IS 5 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025124 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3GE UT WOS:000353165900003 ER PT J AU Mulholland, GW Meyer, M Urban, DL Ruff, GA Yuan, ZG Bryg, V Cleary, T Yang, JA AF Mulholland, George W. Meyer, Marit Urban, David L. Ruff, Gary A. Yuan, Zeng-guang Bryg, Victoria Cleary, Thomas Yang, Jiann TI Pyrolysis Smoke Generated Under Low-Gravity Conditions SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MECHANISM; PARTICLES AB A series of smoke experiments were carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) Facility to assess the impact of low-gravity conditions on the properties of the smoke aerosol. The smokes were generated by heating five different materials commonly used in space vehicles. This study focuses on the effects of flow and heating temperature for low-gravity conditions on the pyrolysis rate, the smoke plume structure, the smoke yield, the average particle size, and particle structure. Low-gravity conditions allowed a unique opportunity to study the smoke plume for zero external flow without the complication of buoyancy. The diameter of average mass increased on average by a factor of 1.9 and the morphology of the smoke changed from agglomerate with flow to spherical at no flow for one material. The no flow case is an important scenario in spacecraft where smoke could be generated by the overheating of electronic components in confined spaces. From electron microcopy of samples returned to earth, it was found that the smoke can form an agglomerate shape as well as a spherical shape, which had previously been the assumed shape. A possible explanation for the shape of the smoke generated by each material is presented. C1 [Mulholland, George W.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mulholland, George W.; Cleary, Thomas; Yang, Jiann] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meyer, Marit; Urban, David L.; Ruff, Gary A.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Yuan, Zeng-guang; Bryg, Victoria] Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM georgewm@umd.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 49 IS 5 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025125 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG3GE UT WOS:000353165900004 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Sisco, E AF Forbes, Thomas P. Sisco, Edward TI Trace detection and competitive ionization of erythritol tetranitrate in mixtures using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; FLOW FOCUSING IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; SENSITIVITY AB Direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for trace detection of the nitrate ester explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) and its sugar alcohol precursor erythritol. The present investigation revealed the impact of competitive ionization between ETN, erythritol, and nitric acid for the detection of sugar alcohol-based homemade explosives. DART-MS facilitated the direct investigation of matrix effects related to the desorption process and compound volatility, as well as the ionization process, neutralization, and affinity for nitrate adduct formation. ETN and erythritol were directly detected at nanogram to sub-nanogram levels by DART-MS. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Sisco, Edward] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors thank Dr Chris Szakal and Dr Shin Muramoto at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for stimulating discussion. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3632 EP 3636 DI 10.1039/c4ay02694b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA CF9PM UT WOS:000352897500044 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Wagenbrenner, NS Forthofer, JM Lamb, BK Shannon, KS Finn, D Eckman, RM Clawson, K Bradshaw, L Sopko, P Beard, S Jimenez, D Wold, C Vosburgh, M AF Butler, B. W. Wagenbrenner, N. S. Forthofer, J. M. Lamb, B. K. Shannon, K. S. Finn, D. Eckman, R. M. Clawson, K. Bradshaw, L. Sopko, P. Beard, S. Jimenez, D. Wold, C. Vosburgh, M. TI High-resolution observations of the near-surface wind field over an isolated mountain and in a steep river canyon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; MODEL; CAMPAIGN; VALLEY; FLOW AB A number of numerical wind flow models have been developed for simulating wind flow at relatively fine spatial resolutions (e.g., similar to 100 m); however, there are very limited observational data available for evaluating these high-resolution models. This study presents high-resolution surface wind data sets collected from an isolated mountain and a steep river canyon. The wind data are presented in terms of four flow regimes: upslope, afternoon, downslope, and a synoptically driven regime. There were notable differences in the data collected from the two terrain types. For example, wind speeds on the isolated mountain increased with distance upslope during upslope flow, but generally decreased with distance upslope at the river canyon site during upslope flow. In a downslope flow, wind speed did not have a consistent trend with position on the isolated mountain, but generally increased with distance upslope at the river canyon site. The highest measured speeds occurred during the passage of frontal systems on the isolated mountain. Mountain-top winds were often twice as high as wind speeds measured on the surrounding plain. The highest speeds measured in the river canyon occurred during late morning hours and were from easterly down-canyon flows, presumably associated with surface pressure gradients induced by formation of a regional thermal trough to the west and high pressure to the east. Under periods of weak synoptic forcing, surface winds tended to be decoupled from large-scale flows, and under periods of strong synoptic forcing, variability in surface winds was sufficiently large due to terrain-induced mechanical effects (speed-up over ridges and decreased speeds on leeward sides of terrain obstacles) that a large-scale mean flow would not be representative of surface winds at most locations on or within the terrain feature. These findings suggest that traditional operational weather model (i.e., with numerical grid resolutions of around 4 km or larger) wind predictions are not likely to be good predictors of local nearsurface winds on sub-grid scales in complex terrain. Measurement data can be found at http://www.firemodels.org/index.php/windninja-introduction/windninja-publications. C1 [Butler, B. W.; Wagenbrenner, N. S.; Forthofer, J. M.; Shannon, K. S.; Bradshaw, L.; Sopko, P.; Jimenez, D.; Wold, C.; Vosburgh, M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Wagenbrenner, N. S.; Lamb, B. K.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Finn, D.; Eckman, R. M.; Clawson, K.; Beard, S.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM bwbutler@fs.fed.us RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016; Finn, Dennis/C-3204-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607; FU Joint Fire Science Program; US Forest Service; Washington State University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Field Research Division FX The Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management Idaho Falls, ID field office, facilitated the field campaign, and Barry Sorenson provided critical advice on local conditions, access roads, and weather as well as permission to store equipment on site during the deployment at Big Southern Butte. Thanks to Nicole Van Dyk, Olga Martyusheva, Jack Kautz, Peter Robichaud, and Ben Kopyscianski of the Rocky Mountain Research Station for help with the field installation and maintenance at the Salmon River site. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program, the US Forest Service, Washington State University, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Field Research Division. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 7 BP 3785 EP 3801 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3785-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG0LF UT WOS:000352957400010 ER PT S AU Oswald, KJ Leitner, JK Rankin, D Barwick, DH Freeman, BJ Greig, T Bangs, M Quattro, JM AF Oswald, Kenneth J. Leitner, Jean K. Rankin, Daniel Barwick, D. Hugh Freeman, Byron J. Greig, Thomas Bangs, Max Quattro, Joseph M. BE Tringali, MD Long, JM Birdsong, TW Allen, MS TI Evolutionary Genetic Diversification, Demography, and Conservation of Bartram's Bass SO BLACK BASS DIVERSITY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Fisheries-Society-Southern-Division Symposium on Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation CY FEB 08-10, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, BASS, Amer Fisheries Soc, Fisheries Management Sect, Amer Fisheries Soc, Florida Chapter, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Amer Fisheries Soc, Georgia Chapter, Georgia Power, Int Game Fish Assoc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Minnesota Chapter, Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, N Amer Black Bass Coalit, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oklahoma Chapter, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, SE Aquat Resources Partnership, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tennessee Chapter, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agcy, Amer Fisheries Soc, Texas Chapter, Texas Pk & Wildlife Dept, Univ Florida, Amer Fisheries Soc, Virginia Chapter ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; BLACK BASS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; SOUTHEASTERN USA; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SAVANNA RIVER; REDEYE BASS; MICROPTERUS AB The highly diverse freshwater ichthyofauna of the southeastern United States' Atlantic slope is imperiled due to numerous anthropogenic insults to the region's lotic environments. Damming, pollution, riparian destruction, and introductions of nonnative species have all contributed significantly to reductions in freshwater biodiversity. Bartram's Bass (an as yet unnamed species similar to Redeye Bass Micropterus coosae), endemic to the Savannah River, is threatened with extirpation from multiple basin provinces via hybridization with introduced nonnative Alabama Bass M. henshalli and Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu. Estimation of evolutionary and demographic parameters is critical to formulation of management plans designed to conserve this rare Atlantic slope endemic. Here we utilize analyses of DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci to examine evolutionary patterns displayed by Bartram's Bass. Phylogenetic reconstructions and genetic variance partitioning revealed appreciable levels of population structure throughout the Savannah River basin, and exact tests of population differentiation identified several management units. Coalescent analyses returned mean effective population sizes (N-e) for extant populations ranging from 415 to 3,228 individuals (median range 388-2,531 individuals), rather recent times since population separation within the drainage (mean range 999-73,282 years before present; median range 493-65,417 years before present), and high population migration rates (2N(e)m > 1) among higher-latitude provinces, particularly the upper Savannah and Seneca rivers. Estimates of phylogenetic and demographic parameters, taken in conjunction with introgression of nonnative alleles resulting from micropterid introductions into the Savannah River, present the need for a comprehensive, basinwide conservation strategy to ensure the long-term in situ preservation of Bartram's Bass. C1 [Oswald, Kenneth J.; Bangs, Max; Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Leitner, Jean K.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. [Rankin, Daniel] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Barwick, D. Hugh] Duke Energy, Charlotte, NC 28201 USA. [Freeman, Byron J.] Georgia Museum Nat Hist, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Greig, Thomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Oswald, KJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Biol, 501 East High St, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM oswaldkj@miamioh.edu NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-40-0 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2015 VL 82 BP 601 EP 613 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BC4QG UT WOS:000352823400044 ER PT S AU Lawall, J AF Lawall, John BE ChangHasnain, CJ Fattal, D Koyama, F Zhou, W TI Membrane-in-the-middle optomechanics with high-contrast gratings SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures IV CY FEB 11-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optomechanics; HCG; Fabry-Perot; sub-wavelength; polarizability; SASER ID CAVITY; INDEX AB Sub-wavelength high contrast gratings offer the exciting possibility of "membrane-in-the-middle" optomechanics with a low-mass, highly reflective membrane. Theoretical treatments of this system have, to date, employed the model of a zero-thickness polarizable slab. The validity of this model is, however, limited, since in general highly reflective subwavelength gratings do not have an optical thickness that is much smaller than the wavelength of the light employed. In this work, we show that this model in fact makes incorrect predictions concerning the field modes in an optical cavity with a subwavelength grating at the exact center. It predicts that the modes can be classified in doublets, one member of which has an antisymmetric spatial profile and no absorption, the other of which has a symmetric spatial profile and absorptive losses. The situation for a subwavelength grating, however, is quite different: Both modes have absorptive loss, but the mode with the antisymmetric spatial profile has greater loss. In addition, the frequencies of the modes are interchanged: In the case of the zero-thickness slab, the antisymmetric mode has the lower frequency, while in the case of the subwavelength grating, it is the symmetric mode that is the low-frequency member of the doublet. These considerations will be important for a correct interpretation of experimental data as the performance of such sytems continues to improve. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lawall@nist.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-462-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9372 AR 937209 DI 10.1117/12.2086170 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC5JG UT WOS:000353321800005 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Urbas, A Zong, Y AF Litorja, M. Urbas, A. Zong, Y. BE Pogue, BW Gioux, S TI Radiometric calibration to consider in quantitative clinical fluorescence imaging measurements SO MOLECULAR-GUIDED SURGERY: MOLECULES, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Molecular-Guided Surgery - Molecules, Devices, and Applications CY FEB 07-08, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Intuit Surg Inc, LI COR Inc, Novadaq Technologies Inc DE calibration; fluorescence imaging; fluorescence guided intervention; fluorescence radiometry; standardization ID STANDARDS; FLUOROMETRY AB The fluorescent light detected by a clinical imager is assumed to be proportional only to the amount of fluorescent substance present in the sample and the level of excitation. Unfortunately, there are many factors that can add or subtract to the light signal directly attributable to the desired fluorescence emission, especially with fluorescence from inside the body imaged remotely. The quantification of fluorescence emission is feasible by calibrating the imager using international system of units (SI)-traceable physical and material calibration artifacts such that the detector's digital numbers (DN) can be converted to radiometric units. Here we discuss three calibration methods for quantitative clinical fluorescence imaging systems. C1 [Litorja, M.; Urbas, A.; Zong, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM litorja@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-401-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9311 AR 931114 DI 10.1117/12.2086838 PG 4 WC Optics; Surgery SC Optics; Surgery GA BC5SW UT WOS:000353556000005 ER PT S AU Lim, K Shapiro, B Taylor, J Waks, E AF Lim, Kangmook Shapiro, Benjamin Taylor, Jacob Waks, Edo BE Cartwright, AN Nicolau, DV TI Scanning localized magnetic fields in microfluidic system using single spin in diamond nanocrystal SO NANOSCALE IMAGING, SENSING, AND ACTUATION FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XII CY FEB 09-12, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nitrogen vacancy (NV) center; microfluidic devices; local magnetic field; electron spin resonance ID NITROGEN-VACANCY CENTERS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RESONANCE; NANODIAMONDS; FLUORESCENCE; THERMOMETRY; RESOLUTION; COHERENCE; CELLS AB We demonstrate localized magnetometry using a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in the microfluidic devices. Our approach enables three dimensional manipulation of a magnetic object in solution with nanoscale spatial accuracy, and also enables us to orient its dipole moment. A diamond nanocrystal is integrated into the microfluidic device and serves as a local magnetic field probe. We vary the position of a magnetic object in liquid and map out its magnetic field distribution by perform continuous electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement on the NV center. These results open up the possibility for using NV centers as nanosized magnetometers with high sensitivity in microfluidic device for applications in chemical sensing, biological sensing and microscopy. C1 [Lim, Kangmook; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lim, Kangmook; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lim, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kmlim@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-427-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9337 AR 933703 DI 10.1117/12.2076635 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BC5OD UT WOS:000353409800002 ER PT J AU McDermid, KJ Lefebvre, JA Balazs, GH AF McDermid, Karla J. Lefebvre, James A. Balazs, George H. TI Nonnative Seashore Paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae), Consumed by Hawaiian Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas): Evidence for Nutritional Benefits SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SODIC DRAINAGE WATER; ISLANDS; DIET; QUALITY; PLANTS; FOOD; BAY AB The Hawaiian green turtle, Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, is a marine herbivore known to feed on sea grasses and seaweeds. On the east side of the island of Hawai'i, at high tide, green turtles have been observed feeding on a terrestrial, salt-tolerant turfgrass: seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, first introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1930s. The role of this grass in green turtle nutrition is unknown. Paspalum vaginatum samples were collected at Keaukaha Beach Park, Hilo, and analyzed for nutritional composition (percentage water, percentage ash, caloric value, C : N ratio, percentage protein, and percentage lignin). In addition, two red seaweeds, Pterocladiella capillacea (Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand, a common food source for green turtles, and Ahnfeltiopsis concinna (J. Agardh) Silva & DeCew, an abundant high-intertidal species sometimes consumed by turtles, were analyzed for comparison. In contrast to the two seaweed species, Paspalum vaginatum contained approximately half the ash; 300-1,500 more calories/g ash-free dry weight; three to four times greater total protein; and 3-19 times higher lignin content. Green turtles in Hawai` i may opportunistically consume P. vaginatum because of its local abundance and /or its high protein and caloric content. In foraging areas where native macroalgal species have declined and/or turtle carrying capacity has been reached, green turtles may exploit new foods, such as seashore paspalum, and perhaps mitigate decline in somatic growth rates and body condition. C1 [McDermid, Karla J.; Lefebvre, James A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP McDermid, KJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mcdermid@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [EPS-0903833] FX We thank University of Hawai'i at Hilo professors Jason Adolf, Steven Colbert, Marta deMaintenon, and Grant Gerrish for their input. Mahalo to Lucas Mead and Tara Holitzki for use of the UH Hilo Analytical Laboratory, and Clyde Imada of Bernice P. Bishop Museum for help tracking down herbarium specimens. Thank you to Kathryn Podorsek and Megan Santos for assisting with collections. We are grateful to those who kindly reviewed drafts and helped to improve this article: Karen Bjorndal, Audrey Rivero, Jeff Seminoff, Hannah Vander Zanden, and Rick Warshauer. Analytical analyses conducted by the UH Hilo Analytical Laboratory for this project were supported in part by National Science Foundation award no. EPS-0903833. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 17 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.2984/69.1.3 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CG3HR UT WOS:000353171100003 ER PT J AU DeCaluwe, SC Dhar, BM Huang, L He, Y Yang, K Owejan, JP Zhao, Y Talin, AA Dura, JA Wang, H AF DeCaluwe, S. C. Dhar, B. M. Huang, L. He, Y. Yang, K. Owejan, J. P. Zhao, Y. Talin, A. A. Dura, J. A. Wang, H. TI Pore collapse and regrowth in silicon electrodes for rechargeable batteries SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; VOLUME EXPANSION AB Structure and composition of an 11 nm thick amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film anode, capped with 4 nm of alumina are measured, in operando, by neutron reflectivity (NR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a lithium half-cell. NR data are analyzed to quantify the a-Si thickness and composition at various states of charge over six cycles. The a-Si anode expands and contracts upon lithiation and delithiation, respectively, while maintaining its integrity and low interfacial roughness (<= 1.6 nm) throughout the cycling. The apparently non-linear expansion of the a-Si layer volume versus lithium content agrees with previous thin-film a-Si anode studies. However, a proposed pore collapse and regrowth (PCRG) mechanism establishes that the solid domains in the porous LixSi film expand linearly with Li content at 8.48 cm(3) mol(-1) Li, similar to crystalline Si. In the PCRG model, porosity is first consumed by expansion of solid domains upon lithiation, after which the film as a whole expands. Porosity is reestablished at 5-28% upon delithiation. Data show that the alumina protective layer on the a-Si film functions as an effective artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), maintaining its structural integrity, low interfacial roughness, and relatively small transport resistance. No additional spontaneously-formed SEI is observed in this study. C1 [DeCaluwe, S. C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [DeCaluwe, S. C.; Dura, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeCaluwe, S. C.; Wang, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dhar, B. M.; Huang, L.; He, Y.; Yang, K.; Wang, H.] SUNY Binghamton, Inst Mat Res, Binghamton, NY USA. [Dhar, B. M.; Huang, L.; He, Y.; Yang, K.; Wang, H.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY USA. [Dhar, B. M.; Wang, H.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [He, Y.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Owejan, J. P.] SUNY Alfred, Dept Mech & Elect Engn Technol, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Talin, A. A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Talin, A. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dura, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jdura@nist.gov; wangh@umd.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; FU NIST; General Motors; National Research Council; US Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-2-0107]; San Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX HW acknowledges NIST and General Motors for their generous financial support. SCD thanks the National Research Council for funding via the Research Associates Program. YPH and YPZ were supported by US Army Research Laboratory with the contract number of W911NF-10-2-0107. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by San Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. AAT acknowledges partial support for data analysis and writing of the manuscript by Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under DESC0001160. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 17 BP 11301 EP 11312 DI 10.1039/c4cp06017b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CG5NN UT WOS:000353338800023 PM 25839065 ER PT J AU Guemas, V Garcia-Serrano, J Mariotti, A Doblas-Reyes, F Caron, LP AF Guemas, Virginie Garcia-Serrano, Javier Mariotti, Annarita Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Caron, Louis-Philippe TI Prospects for decadal climate prediction in the Mediterranean region SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE climate prediction; initialization; Atlantic multidecadal oscillation; Mediterranean climate ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MULTIMODEL-ENSEMBLE; SAHEL RAINFALL; COUPLED MODEL; TIME SCALES; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY; INITIALIZATION AB The Mediterranean region stands as one of the most sensitive to climate change, both in terms of warming and drying. On shorter time-scales, internal variability has substantially affected the observed climate and in the next decade might enhance or compensate long-term trends. Here we compare the multi-model climate predictions produced within the framework of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) project with historical simulations to assess the level of multi-year climate prediction skill in the Mediterranean region beyond that originating from the model accumulated response to the external radiative forcings. We obtain a high and significant skill in predicting 4-year averaged annual and summer mean temperature over most of the study domain and in predicting precipitation for the same seasons over northern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. A lower skill is found during the winter season but still positive for temperature. Although most of this high skill originates from the model response to the external radiative forcings, the initialization contributes to the temperature skill over the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding land areas. The high and significant correlations between the observed Mediterranean temperatures and the observed Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the summer and annual means are captured by the CMIP5 ensemble which suggests that the added skill is related to the ability of the CMIP5 ensemble to predict the AMO. Such a link to the AMO seems restricted to western Africa and summer means only for the precipitation case. C1 [Guemas, Virginie; Garcia-Serrano, Javier; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco; Caron, Louis-Philippe] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Climate Forecasting Unit, Barcelona 08005, Spain. [Guemas, Virginie] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Meteorol Grande Echelle & Climat, Grp Etude Atmosphere Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Garcia-Serrano, Javier] Univ Paris 06, VARCLIM TG, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Mariotti, Annarita] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Caron, Louis-Philippe] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Rossby Ctr, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Guemas, V (reprint author), Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Carrer Trueta 203, Barcelona 08005, Spain. EM virginie.guemas@ic3.cat RI Garcia-Serrano, Javier/I-5058-2015; Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016; OI Garcia-Serrano, Javier/0000-0003-3913-0876; Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280; Caron, Louis-Philippe/0000-0001-5221-0147 FU EU [FP7-ENV-2012-308378, FP7-ENV-2012-308299, FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964, FP7-ENV-2010-1-265192]; MICINN [CGL2010-20657]; Catalan Government; NOAA [NA10OAR4310208] FX This work was supported by the EU-funded SPECS (FP7-ENV-2012-308378), NACLIM(FP7-ENV-2012-308299), QWeCI (FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964), CLIM-RUN (FP7-ENV-2010-1-265192) projects, the MICINN-funded RUCSS (CGL2010-20657) project, the Catalan Government and the NOAA grant NA10OAR4310208. Oriol Mula-Valls and Domingo Manubens-Gil are thoroughly acknowledged for their invaluable technical support. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 687 BP 580 EP 597 DI 10.1002/qj.2379 PN B PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LV UT WOS:000353413500020 ER PT J AU Jansen, M Ferrari, R AF Jansen, Malte Ferrari, Raffaele TI Diagnosing the vertical structure of the eddy diffusivity in real and idealized atmospheres SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE eddy diffusivity; criticality; turbulence; extratropics ID BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY; TRANSPORT; FLUXES; SCALE; EQUILIBRATION; TROPOSPHERE AB The Earth's extratropical troposphere is equilibrated by turbulent eddy fluxes of potential temperature and momentum. The equilibrated state has the remarkable characteristic that isentropic slopes leaving the surface in the subtropics reach the tropopause near the Poles. It has been speculated that turbulent eddy fluxes maintain this state for a wide range of radiative forcing and planetary parameters. In a previous study, the authors showed that this state needs to be associated with an eddy diffusivity of Ertel potential vorticity that is largest at the surface and decays through the troposphere to approximately zero at the tropopause. This result is confirmed in this study using atmospheric reanalysis and idealized numerical simulations. However, it is also shown that the vertical profile of the eddy diffusivity can change, resulting in different isentropic slopes and climates. This is illustrated with a series of idealized numerical simulations with varying planetary scales and rotation rates. C1 [Jansen, Malte] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ferrari, Raffaele] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jansen, M (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,303B, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mjansen@princeton.edu RI Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [OCE-0849233] FX We thank Chris Walker for providing us with a script to calculate isentropic diagnostics from ERA-40 reanalysis data. We also thank Alan Plumb, Paul O'Gorman, and Noboru Nakamura for helpful comments on the manuscript. The ERA-40 global atmospheric reanalysis data were produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and distributed by the Computational Information and Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NCAR is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. This work was supported through NSF award OCE-0849233. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 141 IS 687 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1002/qj.2387 PN B PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG6LV UT WOS:000353413500024 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Douglas, JF Satija, S Karim, A AF Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas, Jack F. Satija, Sushil Karim, Alamgir TI Enhanced vertical ordering of block copolymer films by tuning molecular mass SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SELECTIVELY ASSOCIATING HOMOPOLYMER; DISORDER TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; PS-B-PMMA; THIN-FILMS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMER BLEND; PERPENDICULAR ORIENTATION; INTERFACIAL INTERACTIONS; PATTERN-FORMATION AB We demonstrate that an increase in the molecular mass (chain length N) of a cylinder-forming PS-PMMA block copolymer (BCP), and thus the Flory-Huggins interaction strength cN, allows us to form well-organized surface patterns having the technologically interesting perpendicular cylinder BCP orientation with respect to the substrate. Tuning the polymer mass also allows for a precise control of the in-plane BCP cylinder pattern wavelength lambda and gives rise to a local height variation of the BCP film in which the average film roughness varies in direct proportion to lambda. At a fixed ordering temperature (T = 182 degrees C), we observe an orientation transition with increasing BCP molecular mass from a parallel to a perpendicular orientation. Based on the findings of the present work, and accumulated results from our former studies of BCP ordering, we propose as a general principle that increasing the BCP segregation strength by either lowering temperature or increasing the BCP mass, enhances the extent of vertical ordering in BCP thin films. We suggest that this effect arises because the segregation strength chi N controls the shear rigidity of self-assembled BCP structures. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua] Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. EM zhangxiaohua@suda.edu.cn; jack.douglas@nist.gov FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB821505]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21274103, 21104054]; ACS-PRF; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-10ER4779] FX The authors acknowledge financial support of National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (no. 2012CB821505), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 21274103, and no. 21104054). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We also thank David Uhrig at Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory for help with the synthesis of the deuterated block copolymers and Ronald Jones at NIST and Kevin Yager at Brookhaven National Laboratory for help with RSANS measurements. AK would like to thank the ACS-PRF for funding in support of the work. AK also acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences under contract no. DE-FG02-10ER4779 for the research. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 41 BP 32307 EP 32318 DI 10.1039/c5ra02047f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CG3GH UT WOS:000353166300033 ER PT J AU Audus, DJ Hassan, AM Garboczic, EJ Douglas, JF AF Audus, Debra J. Hassan, Ahmed M. Garboczic, Edward J. Douglas, Jack F. TI Interplay of particle shape and suspension properties: a study of cube-like particles SO Soft Matter LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOCRYSTALS; SUPERBALLS; DIFFUSION AB With advances in anisotropic particle synthesis, particle shape is now a feasible parameter for tuning suspension properties. However, there is a need to determine how these newly synthesized particles affect suspension properties and a need to solve the inverse problem of inferring the particle shape from property measurements. Either way, accurate suspension property predictions are required. Towards this end, we calculated a set of dilute suspension properties for a family of cube-like particles that smoothly interpolate between spheres and cubes. Using three conceptually different methods, we numerically computed the electrical properties of particle suspensions, including the intrinsic conductivity of perfect conductors and insulators. We also considered hydrodynamic properties relevant to particle solutions including the hydrodynamic radius, the intrinsic viscosity and the intrinsic solvent diffusivity. Additionally, we determined the second osmotic virial coefficient using analytic expressions along with numerical integration. As the particles became more cube-like, we found that all of the properties investigated become more sensitive to particle shape. C1 [Audus, Debra J.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hassan, Ahmed M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczic, Edward J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Audus, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM debra.audus@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov OI Hassan, Ahmed/0000-0001-8842-1798 FU NRC postdoctoral fellowship program FX We thank Steve Hudson and John Royer for insightful discussions and for sharing measurement data. Additionally, D.J.A. acknowledges support from the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 17 BP 3360 EP 3366 DI 10.1039/c4sm02869d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CG6NK UT WOS:000353418500009 PM 25797369 ER PT S AU Burd, S Leibfried, D Wilson, AC Wineland, DJ AF Burd, S. Leibfried, D. Wilson, A. C. Wineland, D. J. BE Guina, M TI Optically pumped semiconductor lasers for atomic and molecular physics SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) V CY FEB 09-10, 2015 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE semiconductor laser; atomic and molecular physics; tunability; intensity stability ID TRAPPED IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY AB Experiments in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics rely on lasers at many different wavelengths and with varying requirements on spectral linewidth, power and intensity stability. Optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs), when combined with nonlinear frequency conversion, can potentially replace many of the laser systems currently in use. We are developing a source for laser cooling and spectroscopy of Mg+ ions at 280 nm, based on a frequency quadrupled OPSL with the gain chip fabricated at the ORC at Tampere Univ. of Technology, Finland. This OPSL system could serve as a prototype for many other sources used in atomic and molecular physics. C1 [Burd, S.; Leibfried, D.; Wilson, A. C.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burd, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-439-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9349 AR 93490P DI 10.1117/12.2077027 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC5AN UT WOS:000353134900020 ER PT J AU Vaish, A Vanderah, DJ Richter, LJ Dimitriou, M Steffens, KL Walker, ML AF Vaish, Amit Vanderah, David J. Richter, Lee J. Dimitriou, Michael Steffens, Kristen L. Walker, Marlon L. TI Dithiol-based modification of poly(dopamine): enabling protein resistance via short-chain ethylene oxide oligomers SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; POLYDOPAMINE; SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; INTERFACES; COATINGS AB We present a facile strategy to modify poly(dopamine) (PDA)-coated substrates. Using thiol-terminated short chain ethylene oxide oligomers (OEG) under aqueous conditions, we explore the creation of a model surface exhibiting resistance to nonspecific protein absorption (RPA) by engineering the surface properties of a PDA adlayer. Surprisingly, dithiol-terminated OEG molecules demonstrated significantly greater coverage on PDA surfaces than analogous monothiol molecules. Successful RPA is only achieved with dithiol-terminated OEGs. C1 [Vaish, Amit; Dimitriou, Michael] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaish, Amit] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Vanderah, David J.; Richter, Lee J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Walker, Marlon L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Vaish, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anv@udel.edu; marlon.walker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) FX A.V. acknowledges a National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) fellowship to support this work. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 30 BP 6591 EP 6594 DI 10.1039/c5cc00299k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CF0XX UT WOS:000352269000030 PM 25774882 ER PT J AU Lu, E Zhao, W Gong, LQ Chen, HX Wang, H Li, X Song, JB Tu, JQ Higgins, RW Halpert, MS AF Lu, Er Zhao, Wei Gong, Liqing Chen, Hongxing Wang, Huan Li, Xin Song, Jinbo Tu, Juqing Higgins, R. Wayne Halpert, Mike S. TI Determining starting time and duration of extreme precipitation events based on intensity SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate extremes; Identifying extremes; Monitoring and detections; EID constraints; Mathematical modeling ID CLIMATE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; FREQUENCY; INDEXES; CHINA; RAINFALL AB For daily precipitation, previous studies have mainly identified extremes over fixed durations. The goal of our study was to identify over which multiday period a rainfall event can best be described as an extreme. Specifically, we extrapolated the starting time and duration within a rainfall episode to best describe an event with that starting time and duration as an extreme, compared to events with other starting times and durations. The principle is that the precipitation intensity averaged over this period is comparably (relative to duration) the strongest among all the events that have different starting times and durations. For this purpose, the 'extreme' intensity-duration (EID) relation is established through mathematical modeling based upon our understanding of the issue of identifying the extremes. The constraints in the model between 'extreme' intensity and duration require that the single parameter contained in the EID relation be between, but not too close to, 0 and 1. Tests show that extremes can be well identified with the EID approach by simply assigning a moderate value to the parameter, and the identification of extremes is not sensitive to which value is chosen for this parameter. The estimation with multiyear data and a regression indicates that the parameter is truly moderate between 0 and 1, but the value relies on the threshold used for determining the initial extreme intensities. It is therefore suggested that a fixed moderate value be given to the parameter in the operational identification of the extremes. As a real application of the method, we determined the starting time and duration of the extreme in a recent heavy rainfall that occurred over Beijing. C1 [Lu, Er; Zhao, Wei; Gong, Liqing; Chen, Hongxing; Wang, Huan; Li, Xin; Song, Jinbo; Tu, Juqing] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Er; Higgins, R. Wayne; Halpert, Mike S.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chen, Hongxing] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Lu, E (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM elu@nuist.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275092, 41230422, 41230528]; National Basic Research (973) Program of China [2013CB430203, 2012CB955301]; NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC); Sino-US Center for Weather & Climate Extremes (CWCE) at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41275092, 41230422, and 41230528), National Basic Research (973) Program of China (grants 2013CB430203 and 2012CB955301), NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC), the Sino-US Center for Weather & Climate Extremes (CWCE) at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). We thank the 2 anonymous reviewers and Dr. Iizumi, the editor, for their constructive suggestions that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. The precipitation data used were provided by the National Meteorological Center (NMC) of China. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2015 VL 63 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.3354/cr01280 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF4MY UT WOS:000352524500003 ER PT J AU Engmann, S Bokel, FA Herzing, AA Ro, HW Girotto, C Caputo, B Hoven, CV Schaible, E Hexemer, A DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ AF Engmann, Sebastian Bokel, Felicia A. Herzing, Andrew A. Ro, Hyun Wook Girotto, Claudio Caputo, Bruno Hoven, Corey V. Schaible, Eric Hexemer, Alexander DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. TI Real-time X-ray scattering studies of film evolution in high performing small-molecule-fullerene organic solar cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; BLEND FILMS; EFFICIENCY; ADDITIVES; DESIGN AB We have studied the influence of the formulation additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) on the structural evolution of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films based the small molecule donor 7,7'-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-5-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2)) and phenyl-C-71-butyric-acid-methyl ester ([70]PCBM). Real-time, in situ, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering experiments allow us to characterize the development of crystalline order via diffraction and phase separation via small angle scattering. The performance of p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2) based solar cells exhibits a distinct optimum with respect to volume fraction of DIO in the coating solution, unlike many polymer-fullerene systems that exhibit plateaus in performance above a certain additive volume fraction. Increasing the DIO volume fraction increases the crystallinity of p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2) and dramatically increases the phase separation length scale even at small DIO amounts. These results suggest that the existence of an optimal DIO amount is a consequence of the phase separation length scale and its relationship to the optimal length for exciton dissociation. The effects of DIO on the time evolution of the drying films indicates that it acts as both a solvent and a plasticizer for p-DTS(FBTTh2)(2), controlling its nucleation density and promoting its crystal growth. C1 [Engmann, Sebastian; Bokel, Felicia A.; Herzing, Andrew A.; Ro, Hyun Wook; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Sci Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Girotto, Claudio; Caputo, Bruno; Hoven, Corey V.] NEXT Energy Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Schaible, Eric; Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU ARRA; NIST/National Research Council (NRC); Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Materials preparation and ellipsometric studies were performed in the NIST Organic Photovoltaic Integrated Measurement Facility funded through ARRA. FB acknowledges support of a NIST/National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship. Beamline 7.3.3 of the Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 16 BP 8764 EP 8771 DI 10.1039/c5ta00935a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CF3ZZ UT WOS:000352489200044 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M AF Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair in cancer SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Cancer therapy; DNA damage; DNA repair; DNA glycosylases; Inhibitors ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; C4'-OXIDIZED ABASIC SITE; PROTEIN CROSS-LINKS; CELL LUNG-CANCER; HOGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISM; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; ACID SUBSTITUTION VARIANTS AB Oxidatively induced DNA damage is caused in living organisms by endogenous and exogenous reactive species. DNA lesions resulting from this type of damage are mutagenic and cytotoxic and, if not repaired, can cause genetic instability that may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Living organisms possess DNA repair mechanisms that include a variety of pathways to repair multiple DNA lesions. Mutations and polymorphisms also occur in DNA repair genes adversely affecting DNA repair systems. Cancer tissues overexpress DNA repair proteins and thus develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal tissues. Increased DNA repair in tumors that removes DNA lesions before they become toxic is a major mechanism for development of resistance to therapy, affecting patient survival. Accumulated evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may be a predictive biomarker for patient response to therapy. Thus, knowledge of DNA protein expressions in normal and cancerous tissues may help predict and guide development of treatments and yield the best therapeutic response. DNA repair proteins constitute targets for inhibitors to overcome the resistance of tumors to therapy. Inhibitors of DNA repair for combination therapy or as single agents for monotherapy may help selectively kill tumors, potentially leading to personalized therapy. Numerous inhibitors have been developed and are being tested in clinical trials. The efficacy of some inhibitors in therapy has been demonstrated in patients. Further development of inhibitors of DNA repair proteins is globally underway to help eradicate cancer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov NR 749 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 EI 1388-2139 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 2015 VL 763 BP 212 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.002 PG 34 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CE9MW UT WOS:000352169100012 PM 25795122 ER PT J AU Tomita, H Kawai, Y Cronin, MF Hihara, T Kubota, M AF Tomita, Hiroyuki Kawai, Yoshimi Cronin, Meghan F. Hihara, Tsutomu Kubota, Masahisa TI Validation of AlVISR2 Sea Surface Wind and Temperature over the Kuroshio Extension Region SO SOLA LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; FLUXES; DIFFERENCE; ALGORITHM; FEATURES; BUOYS; AMSR AB The Global Change Observation Mission-Water "Shizuku" (GCOM-W) satellite, with a newly developed microwave radiometer: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, was launched successfully in May 2012. The standard geophysical products of AMSR2/GCOM-W were released a year after launch date. Here, we use data from three buoys moored in the Kuroshio Extension region to test the accuracy of AMSR2 sea surface temperature (SST) and near surface wind speed (SSW). The Kuroshio Extension region is subject to large multi-scale variability and intense air-sea interaction and thus provides a challenging test for the satellite sensor. From the year-long comparison, we confirm that the root mean square difference (RMSD) of AMSR2 SST observations was 0.75 degrees C and meets the criterion for release accuracy (0.8 degrees C). On the other hand, the RMSD of SSW was 1.6 in s(-1), slightly worse than the criterion (1.5 in s(-1)), suggesting that the algorithm for SSW needs to be further improved. The analysis also showed that seasonal variations and characteristics of the relationship between SST and SSW are similar to those observed by previous satellite sensor (AMSR-E). Overall, the results give confidence that AMSR2 products can be used for many air-sea interaction, climate, and water cycle studies. C1 [Tomita, Hiroyuki] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Kawai, Yoshimi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Thchnol, Yokosuka, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hihara, Tsutomu; Kubota, Masahisa] Tokai Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Shizuoka, Japan. RP Tomita, H (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. EM tomita@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp FU JAXA, Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [22106007] FX AMSR2 data were downloaded from a data website (https:// goom-wl.jaxa..jp/) in JAXA. This research was partly supported by JAXA, Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (22106007). The authors thank Ms. Kyoko Taniguchi who supported data analysis of JAMSTEC buoys. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2015 VL 11 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.2151/sola.2015-010 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF8XB UT WOS:000352844200001 ER PT J AU Boughton, DA Harrison, LR Pike, AS Arriaza, JL Mangel, M AF Boughton, David A. Harrison, Lee R. Pike, Andrew S. Arriaza, Juan L. Mangel, Marc TI Thermal Potential for Steelhead Life History Expression in a Southern California Alluvial River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; STREAM TEMPERATURE; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; CENTRAL VALLEY; REDBAND TROUT; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; INDIVIDUAL CONDITION AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) near the southern limit of the species' range commonly use shallow alluvial rivers for migration, spawning, and rearing. These rivers have been widely modified for water management, and an enduring question is whether their rehabilitation would create summer nursery habitat for steelhead. We used process-based models to evaluate the thermal potential for steelhead nursery habitat in the Santa Ynez River, California, a regulated alluvial river that currently supports few steelhead. We assessed (1) how well a calibrated model of river heat fluxes predicted summer temperature patterns for a warm year and an average year; (2) whether those patterns created thermal potential for the rapid growth that is characteristic of steelhead nursery habitat; and (3) whether manipulation of flows from an upstream dam significantly altered thermal potential. In the heat flux model, the root mean square error for 15-min temperatures was 1.51 degrees C, about three times greater than that of the larger, deeper Sacramento River in northern California. Generally, the Santa Ynez River was thermally suitable but stressful for juvenile steelhead. Flow augmentation reduced the number of thermally stressful days only near the dam, but it reduced the intensity of thermal stress throughout the river. Daytime movement of steelhead into natural, thermally stratified pools would reduce stress intensity by similar levels. In this region, O. mykiss commonly pursue an anadromous (steelhead) life history by entering nursery habitat early in their first or second summer and rapidly growing to attain a threshold size for anadromy by fall. In the average year, the river was thermally suitable for the first-summer pathway under high food availability and for the second-summer pathway under medium food availability. The warm year also supported the second-summer pathway under high food availability. Currently, the Santa Ynez River's capacity to support these pathways does not appear to be limited by summer temperature, thus indicating a need to identify other limiting factors. C1 [Boughton, David A.; Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pike, Andrew S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Arriaza, Juan L.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Boughton, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM david.boughton@noaa.gov OI Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank A. Spina and E. Danner for support. J. L. Arriaza was supported by the National Science Foundation. T. Robinson, S. Engblom, and S. Volan introduced us to the river and kindly shared data. H. Fish, S. Seferyn, and A. Halston assisted with fieldwork, and S. Paddock assisted with RAFT code. E. Danner, W. Satterthwaite, and S. Hayes provided helpful comments. We are grateful to the many friendly landowners of the Santa Ynez Valley, especially G. Cargasacchi, D. Gainey, R. Sanford, T. Sanford, V. Gallegos, M. Henn, and B. Steele, for providing access to remote sections of the lower Santa Ynez River. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 258 EP 273 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.986338 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200003 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, LS Field, JC AF Lefebvre, Lyndsey S. Field, John C. TI Reproductive Complexity in a Long-Lived Deepwater Fish, the Blackgill Rockfish SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; US WEST-COAST; STOCK ASSESSMENTS; FECUNDITY REGULATION; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; RELATIVE FECUNDITY AB Fish populations are regulated by complex biological processes and ecosystem interactions. To inform stock assessments and management models, a clear understanding of a species' reproductive biology is necessary, particularly in long-lived species, for which estimates of sustainable yield are sensitive to such parameters. Deviations from traditional views of iteroparity in marine fishes (e.g., prolonged adolescent periods and skipped spawning) complicate estimates of maturity and, in turn, spawning output. The Blackgill Rockfish Sebastes melanostomus, an important component of California's commercial rockfish fishery, is a slow-growing deepwater species whose population is currently thought to be increasing after being fished to below conservation target levels. The objectives of this study were to describe the annual reproductive cycle, update maturity estimates, and detect unusual patterns of ovarian development by using both macroscopic and histological methods. Females were collected between 2010 and 2013 at locations off central and southern California. The annual reproductive cycle was protracted: vitellogenesis was initiated 7 months prior to the first appearance of fertilized eggs, and parturition occurred in December-May. A prolonged adolescent period, potentially lasting up to 12 years, was characterized by the presence of previtellogenic secondary-growth oocytes year-round and abortive maturation events. The cold temperatures and low oxygen levels characteristic of the species' habitat are hypothesized to be the main drivers behind this slow development. Macroscopic staging was found to be sufficient for maturity estimates when samples were temporally restricted. Estimates of length and age at 50% maturity were 33.6 cm and 25.7 years based on histological staging. Estimates of regional maturity based on commercial samples collected between 2001 and 2009 showed a trend of decreasing size at maturity with decreasing latitude. This study highlights the importance of histological examination in accurately assessing ovarian development and consequent baseline maturity information for managed fish populations. C1 [Lefebvre, Lyndsey S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lefebvre, Lyndsey S.; Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Lefebvre, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lyndsey.lefebvre@noaa.gov FU Enhance Annual Stock Assessments funds (NMFS) FX Blackgill Rockfish collections were made possible thanks to S. Rienecke (The Nature Conservancy) and Morro Bay commercial fishermen; the Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division at the NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center; and S. Sogard, S. Beyer, and D. Stafford (NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center). We are grateful for the technical support provided by S. Beyer, N. Kashef, R. Miller, N. Parker, A. Payne, D. Stafford, and others in collecting biological data; D. Pearson in providing age estimates; W. Roumillat, J. F. Morado, and V. Lowe in preparing histological slides; and C. Conrath in providing second reads on histological slides. We thank C. Conrath, C. Grimes, S. Sogard, W. Roumillat, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Support for the lead author was provided by Enhance Annual Stock Assessments funds (NMFS). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 2 BP 383 EP 399 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.1001039 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CF7HE UT WOS:000352726200015 ER PT S AU Linsky, J Redfield, S AF Linsky, Jeffrey Redfield, Seth BE Zank, GP TI What fills the space between the partially ionized clouds in the local interstellar medium SO 13TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: VOYAGER, IBEX, AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual International Astrophysics Conference on Voyager, IBEX, and the Interstellar Medium CY MAR 10-14, 2014 CL Myrtle Beach, SC ID X-RAY-EMISSION; GAS; BUBBLE; IONIZATION; WIND; HELIOSPHERE AB The interstellar matter located between the warm clouds in the LISM and in the Local Cavity is now thought to be photoionized gas with temperatures in the range 10,000-20,000 K. While the hot stars epsilon CMa and beta CMa are the primary photoionizing sources in the LISM, hot white dwarfs also contribute. We consider whether the Stromgren sphere gas produced by very local hot white dwarfs like Sirius B can be important in explaining the local intercloud gas. We find that the Stromgren sphere of Sirius can at least partially explain the intercloud gas in the lines of sight to several nearby stars. We also suggest that the partially ionized warm clouds like the Local Interstellar Cloud in which the Sun is located may be in part Stromgren sphere shells. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Linsky, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; sredfield@wesleyan.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 577 AR 012017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/577/1/012017 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BC3YZ UT WOS:000352101600017 ER PT S AU Deng, L Hagley, EW Li, RB Zhu, CJ AF Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Li, Runbing Zhu, Chengjie GP IOP TI High-Fidelity, Weak-Light Polarization Gate Using Room-Temperature Atomic Vapor SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP (LPHYS'14) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Sofia, BULGARIA HO Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AB Using a polarization-selective-Kerr-phase-shift technique we demonstrate a fast, all-optical, high-fidelity polarization gate in a room-temperature atomic medium. By writing a pi-phase shift to one selected circularly-polarized component of a linearly-polarized input signal field and by equalizing the gain of both circularly-polarized components we can maintain the original strength of the signal field and yet achieve a perfect 900 rotation of its linear polarization., demonstrating a fast, high-fidelity, dynamically-controlled polarization gate operation. The orthogonal linear polarization switching field intensity can be as low as 2 mW/cm(2) using a warm rubidium vapor, which is equivalent to a 100-nanosecond pulse containing about 200 photons and confined in a typical commercial photonic hollow-core fiber with a 5-mu m mode diameter. C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Runbing] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, Runbing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 594 AR 012046 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/594/1/012046 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC3YJ UT WOS:000352084500045 ER PT S AU Deng, L Hagley, EW Zhu, CJ AF Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Zhu, C. J. GP IOP TI Light-wave mixing and scattering with quantum gases SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP (LPHYS'14) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS) CY JUL 14-18, 2014 CL Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Sofia, BULGARIA HO Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; 3-PHOTON RESONANCE; IONIZATION AB We show that optical processes originating from elementary excitations with dominant collective atomic recoil motion in a quantum gas can profoundly change many nonlinear optical processes routinely observed in a normal gas. Not only multi-photon wave mixing processes all become stimulated Raman or hyper-Raman in nature but the usual forward wave-mixing process, which is the most efficient process in normal gases, is strongly reduced by the condensate structure factor. On the other hand, in the backward direction the Bogoliubov dispersion automatically compensates the optical-wave phase mismatch, resulting in efficient backward light field generation that usually is not supported in normal gases. C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, C. J.] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lu.deng@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 594 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/594/1/012011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC3YJ UT WOS:000352084500010 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Forbes, TP AF Sisco, Edward Forbes, Thomas P. TI Rapid detection of sugar alcohol precursors and corresponding nitrate ester explosives using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FLOW FOCUSING IONIZATION; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; TRIACETONE TRIPEROXIDE; TRACE DETECTION; MS; RESIDUES; DART AB This work highlights the rapid detection of nitrate ester explosives and their sugar alcohol precursors by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) using an off-axis geometry. Demonstration of the effect of various parameters, such as ion polarity and in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) on the detection of these compounds is presented. Sensitivity of sugar alcohols and nitrate ester explosives was found to be greatest in negative ion mode with sensitivities ranging from hundreds of picograms to hundreds of nanograms, depending on the characteristics of the particular molecule. Altering the in-source CID potential allowed for acquisition of characteristic molecular ion spectra as well as fragmentation spectra. Additional studies were completed to identify the role of different experimental parameters on the sensitivity for these compounds. Variables that were examined included the DART gas stream temperature, the presence of a related compound (i.e., the effect of a precursor on the detection of a nitrate ester explosive), incorporation of dopant species and the role of the analysis surface. It was determined that each variable affected the response and detection of both sugar alcohols and the corresponding nitrate ester explosives. From this work, a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of individual sugar alcohols and corresponding nitrate ester explosives, or mixtures of the two, has been developed, providing a useful tool in the real-world identification of homemade explosives. C1 [Sisco, Edward; Forbes, Thomas P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2015 VL 140 IS 8 BP 2785 EP 2796 DI 10.1039/c4an02347a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CE9CS UT WOS:000352141800032 PM 25717497 ER PT J AU Tummon, F Hassler, B Harris, NRP Staehelin, J Steinbrecht, W Anderson, J Bodeker, GE Bourassa, A Davis, SM Degenstein, D Frith, SM Froidevaux, L Kyrola, E Laine, M Long, C Penckwitt, AA Sioris, CE Rosenlof, KH Roth, C Wang, HJ Wild, J AF Tummon, F. Hassler, B. Harris, N. R. P. Staehelin, J. Steinbrecht, W. Anderson, J. Bodeker, G. E. Bourassa, A. Davis, S. M. Degenstein, D. Frith, S. M. Froidevaux, L. Kyrola, E. Laine, M. Long, C. Penckwitt, A. A. Sioris, C. E. Rosenlof, K. H. Roth, C. Wang, H. -J. Wild, J. TI Intercomparison of vertically resolved merged satellite ozone data sets: interannual variability and long-term trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; HALOE MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; TECHNICAL NOTE; CLIMATE MODEL; COLUMN OZONE; PROFILES; OSIRIS AB In the framework of the SI2N (SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate)/IO3C (International Ozone Commission)/IGACO-O3 (Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations - Ozone)/NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change)) initiative, several long-term vertically resolved merged ozone data sets produced from satellite measurements have been analysed and compared. This paper presents an overview of the methods, assumptions, and challenges involved in constructing such merged data sets, as well as the first thorough intercomparison of seven new long-term satellite data sets. The analysis focuses on the representation of the annual cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trends for the period 1984-2011, which is common to all data sets. Overall, the best agreement amongst data sets is seen in the mid-latitude lower and middle stratosphere, with larger differences in the equatorial lower stratosphere and the upper stratosphere globally. In most cases, differences in the choice of underlying instrument records that were merged produced larger differences between data sets than the use of different merging techniques. Long-term ozone trends were calculated for the period 1984-2011 using a piecewise linear regression with a change in trend prescribed at the end of 1997. For the 1984-1997 period, trends tend to be most similar between data sets (with largest negative trends ranging from -4 to -8% decade(-1) in the mid-latitude upper stratosphere), in large part due to the fact that most data sets are predominantly (or only) based on the SAGE-II record. Trends in the middle and lower stratosphere are much smaller, and, particularly for the lower stratosphere, large uncertainties remain. For the later period (1998-2011), trends vary to a greater extent, ranging from approximately -1 to +5% decade(-1) in the upper stratosphere. Again, middle and lower stratospheric trends are smaller and for most data sets not significantly different from zero. Overall, however, there is a clear shift from mostly negative to mostly positive trends between the two periods over much of the profile. C1 [Tummon, F.; Staehelin, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Davis, S. M.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Harris, N. R. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Steinbrecht, W.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Bodeker, G. E.; Penckwitt, A. A.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Bourassa, A.; Degenstein, D.; Sioris, C. E.; Roth, C.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Frith, S. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kyrola, E.; Laine, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Long, C.; Wild, J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, H. -J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wild, J.] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Tummon, F (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM fiona.tummon@env.ethz.ch RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council FX The authors thank all those involved in the SI2N initiative whose research underlies the results presented here. Fiona Tummon thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation for funding. Neil Harris thanks the UK Natural Environment Research Council for an Advanced Research Fellowship. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The use of MERRA data from GMAO is also acknowledged. We thank the two reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3021 EP 3043 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3021-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600003 ER PT J AU Monks, SA Arnold, SR Emmons, LK Law, KS Turquety, S Duncan, BN Flemming, J Huijnen, V Tilmes, S Langner, J Mao, J Long, Y Thomas, JL Steenrod, SD Raut, JC Wilson, C Chipperfield, MP Diskin, GS Weinheimer, A Schlager, H Ancellet, G AF Monks, S. A. Arnold, S. R. Emmons, L. K. Law, K. S. Turquety, S. Duncan, B. N. Flemming, J. Huijnen, V. Tilmes, S. Langner, J. Mao, J. Long, Y. Thomas, J. L. Steenrod, S. D. Raut, J. C. Wilson, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Diskin, G. S. Weinheimer, A. Schlager, H. Ancellet, G. TI Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; OZONE MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Using observations from aircraft, surface stations and a satellite instrument, we comprehensively evaluate multi-model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) in the Arctic and over lower latitude emission regions, as part of the POLARCAT Model Inter-comparison Project (POLMIP). Evaluation of 11- atmospheric models with chemistry shows that they generally underestimate CO throughout the Arctic troposphere, with the largest biases found during winter and spring. Negative CO biases are also found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with multi-model mean gross errors (9-12%) suggesting models perform similarly over Asia, North America and Europe. A multi-model annual mean tropospheric OH (10.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) molec cm(-3)) is found to be slightly higher than previous estimates of OH constrained by methyl chloroform, suggesting negative CO biases in models may be improved through better constraints on OH. Models that have lower Arctic OH do not always show a substantial improvement in their negative CO biases, suggesting that Arctic OH is not the dominant factor controlling the Arctic CO burden in these models. In addition to these general biases, models do not capture the magnitude of CO enhancements observed in the Arctic free troposphere in summer, suggesting model errors in the simulation of plumes that are transported from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources at lower latitudes. O-3 in the Arctic is also generally underestimated, particularly at the surface and in the upper troposphere. Summer O-3 comparisons over lower latitudes show several models overestimate upper tropospheric concentrations. Simulated CO, O-3 and OH all demonstrate a substantial degree of inter-model variability. Idealised CO-like tracers are used to quantitatively compare the impact of inter-model differences in transport and OH on CO in the Arctic troposphere. The tracers show that model differences in transport from Europe in winter and from Asia throughout the year are important sources of model variability at Barrow. Unlike transport, inter-model variability in OH similarly affects all regional tracers at Barrow. Comparisons of fixed-lifetime and OH-loss idealised CO-like tracers throughout the Arctic troposphere show that OH differences are a much larger source of inter-model variability than transport differences. Model OH concentrations are correlated with H2O concentrations, suggesting water vapour concentrations are linked to differences in simulated concentrations of CO and OH at high latitudes in these simulations. Despite inter-model differences in transport and OH, the relative contributions from the different source regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and different source types (anthropogenic and biomass burning) are comparable across the models. Fire emissions from the boreal regions in 2008 contribute 33, 43 and 19% to the total Arctic CO-like tracer in spring, summer and autumn, respectively, highlighting the importance of boreal fire emissions in controlling pollutant burdens in the Arctic. C1 [Monks, S. A.; Arnold, S. R.; Wilson, C.; Chipperfield, M. P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Emmons, L. K.; Tilmes, S.; Weinheimer, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Law, K. S.; Thomas, J. L.; Raut, J. C.; Ancellet, G.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,INSU,LATMOS,IPSL, Paris, France. [Turquety, S.; Long, Y.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, UMR8539, Lab Meteorol Dynam,IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Duncan, B. N.; Steenrod, S. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flemming, J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, V.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Langner, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Schlager, H.] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Monks, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM s.a.monks@leeds.ac.uk RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Raut, Jean-Christophe/G-3946-2016; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Wilson, Chris/0000-0001-8494-0697; Raut, Jean-Christophe/0000-0002-3552-2437; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685 FU EurEX project - UK Natural Environmental Research Council [NE/H020241/1]; European Commission via the FP7 EUFAR Integrating Activity; US National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AD22G]; Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI [5-6 021 01]; CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU); NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [NV-09414-12]; Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); CNES; CNRS-INSU-LEFE; IPEV; EUFAR FX This work was supported by the EurEX project, funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (ref: NE/H020241/1). S. A. Monks and S. R. Arnold acknowledge support from the European Commission via the FP7 EUFAR Integrating Activity. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the US National Science Foundation and operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research. Author L. K. Emmons acknowledges support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award no. NNX08AD22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, Tropospheric Composition Program. Authors K. S. Law, G. Ancellet, J. L. Thomas, J.-C. Raut, S. Turquety and Y. Long acknowledge support from projects Agence National de Recherche (ANR) Climate Impact of Short-lived Climate Forcers and Methane in the Arctic (CLIMSLIP) Blanc SIMI 5-6 021 01 and CLIMSLIP-LEFE (CNRS-INSU). Valuable help with WRF-Chem simulations from T. Onishi (LATMOS/IPSL) and G. Pfister (NCAR) and with TOMCAT maintenance from W. Feng (Leeds). J. Mao acknowledges the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. Contributions by SMHI were funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency under contract NV-09414-12 and through the Swedish Climate and Clean Air research program, SCAC. We thank the POLARCAT aircraft teams, especially the NASA ARCTAS, DLR-GRACE, and French ATR-42 teams. French ATR-42 campaigns and data analysis were part of POLARCAT-France, funded by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), CNES, CNRS-INSU-LEFE, IPEV and EUFAR. Thanks is given to all those involved in the collection and provision of data, specifically NOAA/ESRL/WDCGG for the surface data, the MOZAIC-IAGOS project for aircraft data and the MOPITT team for satellite data. NR 112 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3575 EP 3603 DI 10.5194/acp-15-3575-2015 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IN UT WOS:000352157600037 ER PT J AU Kindel, BC Pilewskie, P Schmidt, KS Thornberry, T Rollins, A Bui, T AF Kindel, B. C. Pilewskie, P. Schmidt, K. S. Thornberry, T. Rollins, A. Bui, T. TI Upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere water vapor retrievals from the 1400 and 1900 nm water vapor bands SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT HALOE; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; AEROSOL; VALIDATION; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; BOULDER; IMPACT; OZONE AB Measuring water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is difficult due to the low mixing ratios found there, typically only a few parts per million. Here we examine near-infrared spectra acquired with the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) during the first science phase of the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). From the 1400 and 1900 nm absorption bands we infer water vapor amounts in the tropical tropopause layer and adjacent regions between altitudes of 14 and 18 km. We compare these measurements to solar transmittance spectra produced with the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model, using in situ water vapor, temperature, and pressure profiles acquired concurrently with the SSFR spectra. Measured and modeled transmittance values agree within 0.002, with some larger differences in the 1900 nm band (up to 0.004). Integrated water vapor amounts along the absorption path lengths of 3 to 6 km varied from 1.26 x 10(-4) to 4.59 x 10(-4) g cm(-2). A 0.002 difference in absorptance at 1367 nm results in a 3.35 x 10(-5) g cm(-2) change of integrated water vapor amounts; 0.004 absorptance change at 1870 nm results in 5.50 x 10(-5) g cm(-2) of water vapor. These are 27% (1367 nm) and 44% (1870 nm) differences at the lowest measured value of water vapor (1.26 x 10(-4) g cm(-2)) and 7% (1367 nm) and 12% (1870 nm) differences at the highest measured value of water vapor (4.59 x 10(-4) g cm(-2)). A potential method for extending this type of measurement from aircraft flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere is discussed. C1 [Kindel, B. C.; Pilewskie, P.; Schmidt, K. S.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thornberry, T.; Rollins, A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, T.; Rollins, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bui, T.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Kindel, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kindel@lasp.colorado.edu RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI THORNBERRY, TROY/0000-0001-7478-1944 FU NASA [NNX10AO84A] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the SSFR instrument during ATTREX by Warren Gore and Tony Trias of NASA Ames Research Center. We also thank David Fahey of NOAA for his encouragement in investigating atmospheric water vapor with solar spectral irradiance during ATTREX and Gail Anderson for advice on the role of water vapor continuum absorption in the shortwave. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the expert review by two anonymous referees. This work was supported by NASA award NNX10AO84A. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1147 EP 1156 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1147-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300010 ER PT J AU Norouzi, H Temimi, M Prigent, C Turk, J Khanbilvardi, R Tian, Y Furuzawa, FA Masunaga, H AF Norouzi, H. Temimi, M. Prigent, C. Turk, J. Khanbilvardi, R. Tian, Y. Furuzawa, F. A. Masunaga, H. TI Assessment of the consistency among global microwave land surface emissivity products SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; AMSR-E; TEMPERATURE; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; RETRIEVALS; VEGETATION AB The goal of this work is to intercompare four global land surface emissivity products over various land-cover conditions to assess their consistency. The intercompared land emissivity products were generated over a 5-year period (2003-2007) using observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), and WindSat. First, all products were reprocessed in the same projection and spatial resolution as they were generated from sensors with various configurations. Then, the mean value and standard deviations of monthly emissivity values were calculated for each product to assess the spatial distribution of the consistencies/inconsistencies among the products across the globe. The emissivity products were also compared to soil moisture estimates and a satellite-based vegetation index to assess their sensitivities to changes in land surface conditions. Results show the existence of systematic differences among the products. Also, it was noticed that emissivity values in each product have similar frequency dependency over different land-cover types. Monthly means of emissivity values from AMSR-E in the vertical and horizontal polarizations seem to be systematically lower than the rest of the products across various land-cover conditions which may be attributed to the 01:30/13:30 LT overpass time of the sensor and possibly a residual skin temperature effect in the product. The standard deviation of the analyzed products was lowest (less than 0.01) in rain forest regions for all products and highest at northern latitudes, above 0.04 for AMSR-E and SSM/I and around 0.03 for WindSat. Despite differences in absolute emissivity estimates, all products were similarly sensitive to changes in soil moisture and vegetation. The correlation between the emissivity polarization differences and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values showed similar spatial distribution across the products, with values close to the unit except over densely vegetated and desert areas. C1 [Norouzi, H.] New York City Coll Technol, Dept Construct Management & Civil Engn Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Temimi, M.; Khanbilvardi, R.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Temimi, M.] Inst Ctr Water & Environm iWater, Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Prigent, C.] CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys & Atmosp, Paris, France. [Turk, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tian, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tian, Y.] NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Furuzawa, F. A.; Masunaga, H.] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Norouzi, H (reprint author), New York City Coll Technol, Dept Construct Management & Civil Engn Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM hnorouzi@citytech.cuny.edu RI Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016; OI Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program [NA11SEC4810004] FX This publication was made possible by NOAA, Office of Education Educational Partnership Program award NA11SEC4810004. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the award recipient and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Commerce, NOAA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1197-2015 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300014 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L AF Cucurull, L. TI Implementation of a quality control for radio occultation observations in the presence of large gradients of atmospheric refractivity SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUPERREFRACTION; FIELDS; MODEL AB In preparation for the launch of the first six satellites of the COSMIC-2 mission in equatorial orbit, and the larger number of observations that such a mission will provide in the lower tropical troposphere, work is underway at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to improve the assimilation of radio occultation (RO) observations, particularly in the lower tropical troposphere. As part of the improvement of the bending angle forward operator at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), additional quality controls aimed to detect and reject observations that might have been affected by super-refraction conditions have been implemented and tested. The updated quality control procedures also address the situation where the model detects atmospheric super-refraction conditions. This paper describes the limitations of the current standard quality controls and discusses the implementation of additional quality control procedures to address the limitations of assimilating observations likely affected by the super-refraction conditions, either in the model simulation or in the retrieval process. C1 [Cucurull, L.] NOAA ESRL Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cucurull, L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA ESRL Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 FU ESRL Global Systems Division FX The author thanks Scott Hausman (former ESRL/Global Systems Division acting director) and Kevin Kelleher (current/ESRL Global Systems Division director) for funding this work. She also acknowledges Sergey Sokolovskiy for providing the five super-refraction profiles used in this study. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1275 EP 1285 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1275-2015 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300020 ER PT J AU Van Damme, M Clarisse, L Dammers, E Liu, X Nowak, JB Clerbaux, C Flechard, CR Galy-Lacaux, C Xu, W Neuman, JA Tang, YS Sutton, MA Erisman, JW Coheur, PF AF Van Damme, M. Clarisse, L. Dammers, E. Liu, X. Nowak, J. B. Clerbaux, C. Flechard, C. R. Galy-Lacaux, C. Xu, W. Neuman, J. A. Tang, Y. S. Sutton, M. A. Erisman, J. W. Coheur, P. F. TI Towards validation of ammonia (NH3) measurements from the IASI satellite SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; REACTIVE NITROGEN; DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE; EMISSIONS; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVALS AB Limited availability of ammonia (NH3) observations is currently a barrier for effective monitoring of the nitrogen cycle. It prevents a full understanding of the atmospheric processes in which this trace gas is involved and therefore impedes determining its related budgets. Since the end of 2007, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite has been observing NH3 from space at a high spatio-temporal resolution. This valuable data set, already used by models, still needs validation. We present here a first attempt to validate IASI-NH3 measurements using existing independent ground-based and airborne data sets. The yearly distributions reveal similar patterns between ground-based and space-borne observations and highlight the scarcity of local NH3 measurements as well as their spatial heterogeneity and lack of representativity. By comparison with monthly resolved data sets in Europe, China and Africa, we show that IASI-NH3 observations are in fair agreement, but they are characterized by a smaller variation in concentrations. The use of hourly and airborne data sets to compare with IASI individual observations allows investigations of the impact of averaging as well as the representativity of independent observations for the satellite footprint. The importance of considering the latter and the added value of densely located airborne measurements at various altitudes to validate IASI-NH3 columns are discussed. Perspectives and guidelines for future validation work on NH3 satellite observations are presented. C1 [Van Damme, M.; Clarisse, L.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. F.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Spect Atmosphere Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Van Damme, M.; Dammers, E.; Erisman, J. W.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Cluster Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Liu, X.; Xu, W.] China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Clerbaux, C.] UPMC, Paris, France. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [Clerbaux, C.] CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Flechard, C. R.] INRA, UMR SAS 1069, Agrocampus Ouest, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Galy-Lacaux, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Galy-Lacaux, C.] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Tang, Y. S.; Sutton, M. A.] Edinburgh Res Stn, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Erisman, J. W.] Louis Bolk Inst, Driebergen, Netherlands. RP Van Damme, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Spect Atmosphere Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. EM martin.van.damme@ulb.ac.be RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, Agrohydrologie/D-3726-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Flechard, Chris/E-6567-2010; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; FU F.R.S.-FNRS; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (Prodex) [4000111403 IASI.FLOW]; "Fonds pour la formation a la recherche dans l'industrie et dans l'agriculture" of Belgium; CNES; project "Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems" (ECLAIRE) under the EC 7th Framework Programme [282910]; EC under the 7th Framework Programme FX IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the "Centre national d'etudes spatiales" (CNES, France). It is flown on-board the Metop satellites as part of the EUMETSAT Polar System. The IASI L1 data are received through the EUMETCast near real-time data distribution service. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS, the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (Prodex arrangement 4000111403 IASI.FLOW). M. Van Damme is grateful to the "Fonds pour la formation a la recherche dans l'industrie et dans l'agriculture" of Belgium for a PhD grant (Boursier FRIA). L. Clarisse and P.-F. Coheur are, respectively, research associate (chercheur qualifie) and senior research associate (maitre de recherches) with F.R.S.-FNRS. C. Clerbaux is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. We gratefully acknowledge support from the project "Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems" (ECLAIRE), funded under the EC 7th Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 282910). Part of this research was supported by the EC under the 7th Framework Programme, for the project "Partnership with China on Space Data (PANDA)". We also would like to thanks S. Bauduin, J. Hadji-Lazaro and J.-L. Lacour as well as R. van Oss, H. Volten and D. Swart for their helpful advice. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 1575 EP 1591 DI 10.5194/amt-8-1575-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE9IT UT WOS:000352158300037 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, J AF Powell, A. M., Jr. Xu, J. TI Decadal regime shift linkage between global marine fish landings and atmospheric planetary wave forcing SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; EASTERN ATLANTIC; CATCH; OSCILLATION; FISHERIES; WINTER; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; MODULATION; HEMISPHERE AB This investigation focuses on a global forcing mechanism for decadal regime shifts and their subsequent impacts. The proposed global forcing mechanism is that the global atmospheric planetary waves can lead to changes in the global surface air-sea conditions and subsequently fishery changes. In this study, the five decadal regime shifts (1956-1957, 1964-1965, 1977-1978, 1988-1989, and 1998-1999) in the most recent 59year period (1950-2008) have been identified based on Student t tests and their association with global marine ecosystem change has been discussed. Changes in the three major oceanic (Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian) ecosystems will be explored with the goal of demonstrating the linkage between stratospheric planetary waves and the ocean surface forcing that leads to fisheries impacts. The global forcing mechanism is described with a top-down approach to help the multidisciplinary audience follow the analysis. Following previous work, this analysis addresses how changes in the atmospheric planetary waves may influence the vertical wind structure, surface wind stress, and their connection with the global ocean ecosystems based on a coupling of the atmospheric regime shifts with the decadal regime shifts determined from marine life changes. The multiple decadal regime shifts related to changes in marine life are discussed using the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) global fish capture data (catch/stock). Analyses are performed to demonstrate that examining the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, and fisheries is a plausible approach to explaining decadal climate change in the global marine ecosystems and its impacts. The results show a consistent mechanism, ocean wind stress, responsible for marine shifts in the three major ocean basins. Changes in the planetary wave pattern affect the ocean wind stress patterns. A change in the ocean surface wind pattern from longwave (relatively smooth and less complex) to shorter-wave (more convoluted and more complex) ocean surface wind stress creates changes in global marine fisheries. C1 [Powell, A. M., Jr.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, J.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Powell, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM al.powell@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 125 EP 146 DI 10.5194/esd-6-125-2015 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CF0NA UT WOS:000352239700007 ER PT J AU DeCarlo, TM Cohen, AL Barkley, HC Cobban, Q Young, C Shamberger, KE Brainard, RE Golbuu, Y AF DeCarlo, Thomas M. Cohen, Anne L. Barkley, Hannah C. Cobban, Quinn Young, Charles Shamberger, Kathryn E. Brainard, Russell E. Golbuu, Yimnang TI Coral macrobioerosion is accelerated by ocean acidification and nutrients SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BIOEROSION; PACIFIC; PORITES; CALCIFICATION; METAANALYSIS; COMMUNITIES; ACROPORA AB Coral reefs exist in a delicate balance between calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and CaCO3 loss. Ocean acidification (OA), the CO2-driven decline in seawater pH and CaCO3 saturation state (Omega), threatens to tip this balance by decreasing calcification and increasing erosion and dissolution. While multiple CO2 manipulation experiments show coral calcification declines under OA, the sensitivity of bioerosion to OA is less well understood. Previous work suggests that coral and coral-reef bioerosion increase with decreasing seawater Omega. However, in the surface ocean, Omega and nutrient concentrations often covary, making their relative influence difficult to resolve. Here, we exploit unique natural gradients in Omega and nutrients across the Pacific basin to quantify the impact of these factors, together and independently, on macrobioerosion rates of coral skeletons. Using an automated program to quantify macrobioerosion in three-dimensional computerized tomography (CT) scans of coral cores, we show that macrobioerosion rates of live Porites colonies in both low-nutrient (oligotrophic) and high-nutrient (> 1 mu M nitrate) waters increase significantly as Omega decreases. However, the sensitivity of macrobioerosion to Omega is ten times greater under high-nutrient conditions. Our results demonstrate that OA (decreased Omega) alone can increase coral macrobioerosion rates, but the interaction of OA with local stressors exacerbates its impact, accelerating a shift toward net CaCO3 removal from coral reefs. C1 [DeCarlo, Thomas M.; Barkley, Hannah C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT, Inst Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [DeCarlo, Thomas M.; Barkley, Hannah C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cohen, Anne L.; Shamberger, Kathryn E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cobban, Quinn] Falmouth Acad, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Young, Charles; Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div NOAA CRED, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Golbuu, Yimnang] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror 96940, Palau. RP DeCarlo, TM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT, Inst Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tdecarlo@whoi.edu; acohen@whoi.edu OI /0000-0002-5284-6521 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 1041106, OCE 1220529]; Nature Conservancy award [PNA/WHOI061810]; NSF; WHOI-Ocean Life Institute post-doctoral fellowship FX We are grateful to G.P. Lohmann (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI), Kathryn Rose (WHOI), Jay Andrew (Palau International Coral Reef Center), Danny Merritt (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA), and Edguardo Ocho (Smithsonian Institution, SI) for field assistance, and Julie Arruda (WHOI) and Darlene Ketten (WHOI) for CT scanning. Juan Mate (SI), Oris Sanjur (SI) Amanda Meyer (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USFWS), Susan White (USFWS), the staff of the Palau International Coral Reef Center, and Camilo Ponton (WHOI) assisted with permitting, access to the PRIA sites, and translation of permit applications. Elizabeth Drenkard (WHOI) collected and analyzed Fall 2012 seawater samples from Jarvis Island. We thank Aline Tribollet for insightful discussion, and three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE 1041106 to Cohen and Shamberger, NSF grant OCE 1220529 to Cohen, The Nature Conservancy award PNA/WHOI061810 to Cohen, NSF Graduate Research Fellowships to De Carlo and Barkley, and a WHOI-Ocean Life Institute post-doctoral fellowship to Shamberger. The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program provided field and logistical support for Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program research cruises. NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program provided scientific support to Brainard and Young. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Jay Andrew. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 33 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1130/G36147.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CE7KO UT WOS:000352018600004 ER PT S AU Jeffries, JR Butch, NP Vohra, YK Weir, ST AF Jeffries, J. R. Butch, N. P. Vohra, Y. K. Weir, S. T. BE Zhitomirsky, M DeReotier, PD TI Pressure evolution of electrical transport in the 3D topological insulator (Bi,Sb)(2)(Se,Te)(3) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS 2014 (SCES2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES) CY JUL 07-14, 2014 CL Univ Grenoble, Grenoble, FRANCE HO Univ Grenoble ID SB2TE3 AB The group V-VI compounds-like Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3, or Bi2Te3-have been widely studied in recent years for their bulk topological properties. The high-Z members of this series form with the same crystal structure, and are therefore amenable to isostructural substitution studies. It is possible to tune the Bi-Sb and Te-Se ratios such that the material exhibits insulating behavior, thus providing an excellent platform for understanding how a topological insulator evolves with applied pressure. We report our observations of the pressure-dependent electrical transport and crystal structure of a pseudobinary (Bi, Sb)(2)(Te, Se)(3) compound. Similar to some of its sister compounds, the (Bi, Sb)(2)(Te, Se)(3) pseudobinary compound undergoes multiple, pressure-induced phase transformations that result in metallization, the onset of a close-packed crystal structure, and the development of distinct superconducting phases. C1 [Jeffries, J. R.; Butch, N. P.; Weir, S. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vohra, Y. K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Jeffries, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jeffries4@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 592 AR 012124 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/592/1/012124 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC4BG UT WOS:000352239200124 ER PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A AF Smolyanitsky, A. TI Effects of thermal rippling on the frictional properties of free-standing graphene SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ATOMICALLY THIN SHEETS; SLIDING STEEL SURFACES; NANOSCALE; WEAR; ADHESION; CONTACT; LAYER AB With the use of simulated friction force microscopy, we present the first study of the effect of varying temperature on the frictional properties of suspended graphene. In contrast with the theory of thermally activated friction on the dry surfaces of three-dimensional materials, kinetic friction is demonstrated to both locally increase and decrease with increasing temperature, depending on sample size, scanning tip diameter, scanning rate, and the externally applied normal load. We attribute the observed effects to the thermally excited flexural ripples intrinsically present in graphene, demonstrating a unique case of temperature-dependent dynamic roughness in atomically thin layers. Consequently, our results suggest strain-induced control of friction in nanoelectromechanical systems involving free-standing regions of atomically thin membranes. C1 NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 37 BP 29179 EP 29184 DI 10.1039/c5ra01581b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CE8KQ UT WOS:000352091600045 ER PT S AU Snow, WM Arif, M Heacock, B Huber, M Li, K Pushin, D Skavysh, V Young, AR AF Snow, W. M. Arif, M. Heacock, B. Huber, M. Li, K. Pushin, D. Skavysh, V. Young, A. R. BE Bijker, R Lerma, S Lizcano, D TI A sensitive search for dark energy through chameleon scalar fields using neutron interferometry SO XXXVII SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 06-09, 2014 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO ID PERFECT CRYSTALS; STORAGE; SUPERNOVAE; SPACE AB The physical origin of the dark energy, which is postulated to cause the accelerated expansion rate of the universe, is one of the major open questions of cosmology. A large subset of theories postulate the existence of a scalar field with a nonlinear coupling to matter chosen so that the effective range and/or strength of the field is greatly suppressed unless the source is placed in vacuum. We describe a measurement using neutron interferometry which can place a stringent upper bound on chameleon fields proposed as a solution to the problem of the origin of dark energy of the universe in the regime with a strongly-nolinear coupling term. In combination with other experiments searching for exotic short-range forces and laser-based measurements, slow neutron experiments are capable of eliminating this and many similar types of scalar-field-based dark energy models by laboratory experiments. C1 [Snow, W. M.; Li, K.; Skavysh, V.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Li, K.; Skavysh, V.] Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Arif, M.; Huber, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heacock, B.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pushin, D.] Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 578 AR 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/578/1/012009 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BC3YM UT WOS:000352087300009 ER PT J AU Stambaugh, C Xu, HT Kemiktarak, U Taylor, J Lawall, J AF Stambaugh, Corey Xu, Haitan Kemiktarak, Utku Taylor, Jacob Lawall, John TI From membrane-in-the-middle to mirror-in-the-middle with a high-reflectivity sub-wavelength grating SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE HCG; high contrast grating; sub-wavelength; membrane-in-the-middle; silicon nitride; optomechanics ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; REFLECTORS; RESONATOR; INDEX; NOISE; LIGHT AB A "membrane-in-the-middle" optomechanical system is demonstrated using a silicon nitride membrane patterned as a subwavelength grating. The grating has a reflectivity of over 99.8%, effectively creating two sub-cavities, with free spectral ranges of 6 GHz, optically coupled via photon tunneling. Measurements of the transmission and reflection spectra show an avoided crossing where the two subcavities simultaneously come into resonance, with a frequency splitting of 54 MHz. Expressions for the lineshapes of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes at the avoided crossing are derived, and the grating reflection, transmission, absorption, and scattering are inferred through comparison with the experimental data. C1 [Stambaugh, Corey; Xu, Haitan; Kemiktarak, Utku; Taylor, Jacob; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Haitan; Kemiktarak, Utku; Taylor, Jacob] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawall@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 EI 1521-3889 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JAN PY 2015 VL 527 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1002/andp.201400142 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CE2HC UT WOS:000351634800008 ER PT J AU Birkett, K Lozano, SJ Rudstam, LG AF Birkett, K. Lozano, S. J. Rudstam, L. G. TI Long-term trends in Lake Ontario's benthic macroinvertebrate community from 1994-2008 SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Diporeia; Dreissena; Quagga Mussels; Oligochaetes; Chironomids; Sphaeriids ID AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA SPP.; MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; NORTH-AMERICAN LAKES; QUAGGA MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; BUGENSIS; ERIE; DISAPPEARANCE; REPLACEMENT AB The benthic macroinvertebrate community of Lake Ontario was assessed through a lakewide survey in 2008. Diporeia was very rare throughout the lake at all depths in 2008, and only four of 52 locations had densities > 100 m(-2), all of them at depths > 90 m. The maximum density of Diporeia found at any location was at 257 m-(2) in 2008, which can be compared to maximum densities of 13,280 m(-2) observed in 1994. Lakewide Diporeia abundance declined with an additional order of magnitude from an average of 342 m(-2) in 2003 to 21 m(-2) in 2008. The Quagga Mussel (D. rostriformis bugensis) dominated the benthic macroinvertebrate community in 2008, comprising over 70% of the density and 98% of the biomass. No Zebra Mussels were identified in the 2008 samples. Quagga Mussels, Oligochaetes and Chironomids were most abundant between 31 and 90 m. Sphaeriids were rare at all depths, but were more abundant at sites deeper than 90 m. Between 2003 and 2008, lakewide Dreissena abundance declined by 43% primarily due to significant declines in the 10-30 m depth region (from 6500 m(-2) to 900 m(-2)). Dreissena did not decline significantly in the 30-90 m or over 90 m depth regions. The 2008 survey revealed a continued decline in Diporeia and Sphaeriid Clams, a replacement of Zebra Mussels by Quagga Mussels, and a decline in Quagga Mussels at depths shallower than 30 m. Oligochaetes and chironomids showed no significant changes since the 1990s. C1 [Birkett, K.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lozano, S. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Rudstam, L. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rudstam, L. G.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Birkett, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kmbirkett@gmail.com FU US EPA [DW13942146-01]; DOC/NOAA [DW13942146-01] FX Financial assistance was provided by an Interagency Agreement between the US EPA and DOC/NOAA (DW13942146-01). This project is part of a larger program that is investigating the lower trophic level of Lake Ontario (LOLA) in support of the US-Canada Lake Ontario Lakewide Management Plan LaMP. LaMP partners include federal, state, and provincial government agencies charged with environmental quality and natural resource management responsibilities for the lake. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2015 VL 18 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1080/14634988.2014.965122 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA CE3AI UT WOS:000351695400008 ER PT J AU Morrow, BH Lazo, JK Rhome, J Feyen, J AF Morrow, Betty H. Lazo, Jeffrey K. Rhome, Jamie Feyen, Jesse TI IMPROVING STORM SURGE RISK COMMUNICATION Stakeholder Perspectives SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VISUALIZING UNCERTAINTY; PERCEPTIONS; HURRICANES; COASTAL; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; FORECASTS; RESPONSES; MODEL; RITA AB Storm surge associated with tropical and extratropical cyclones has a long history of causing death and destruction along our coastlines. With more than 123 million people living in coastal shoreline areas and much of the densely populated Atlantic and Gulf coastal areas less than 10 ft (similar to 3 m) above mean sea level, the threat has never been greater. In this article, we summarize and integrate the most intensive series of studies completed to date on communication of storm surge risk. These were primarily geographically focused stakeholder surveys for evaluating the storm surge communication perceptions and preferences of forecasters, broadcast meteorologists, public officials, and members of the public each a primary user group for storm surge forecasts. According to findings from seven surveys, each group strongly supports the National Weather Service (NWS) issuing watches and warnings for storm surge, whether associated with tropical cyclones (TC) or extratropical (ET) cyclones. We discuss results on public understanding of storm surge vulnerability, respondents' preferences for separate storm surge information products, and initial assessments of potential storm surge warning text and graphics. Findings from the research reported here are being used to support relevant NWS decisions, including a storm surge watch and warning product that has been approved for use on an experimental basis in 2015 and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) issuance of local surge inundations maps on an experimental basis in 2014. C1 [Morrow, Betty H.] SocRes Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Lazo, Jeffrey K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Societal Impacts Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Rhome, Jamie] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Feyen, Jesse] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lazo, JK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Societal Impacts Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lazo@ucar.edu FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310119, NA06NWS4670013]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Ocean Service; NOAA Coastal Services Center [EA133C-09-CQ-0034] FX We acknowledge Jennifer Sprague, Bill Read, Richard Knabb, Ed Rappaport, Robert Berg, Dennis Feltgen, Keelin Kuipers, Mary Erikson, and Christopher Landsea from NOAA; Crystal Burghardt, Jennifer Boehnert, Julie Demuth, Rebecca Morss, Taylor Trogdon, Christina Thomas, and Sady Wootten from NCAR; and Linda Girardi, Lou Nadeau, and Evan Fago from Eastern Research Group, Inc. In addition we thank three anonymous referees and the BAMS editors for extremely useful input on this article. This work was carried out in part with funding under Awards NA06OAR4310119 and NA06NWS4670013 from NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Ocean Service, and conducted through the National Center for Atmospheric Research, as well as EA133C-09-CQ-0034 funded by NOAA Coastal Services Center and conducted through Eastern Research Group, Inc. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00197.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE0FA UT WOS:000351478700010 ER PT J AU Ashouri, H Hsu, KL Sorooshian, S Braithwaite, DK Knapp, KR Cecil, LD Nelson, BR Prat, OP AF Ashouri, Hamed Hsu, Kuo-Lin Sorooshian, Soroosh Braithwaite, Dan K. Knapp, Kenneth R. Cecil, L. Dewayne Nelson, Brian R. Prat, Olivier P. TI PERSIANN-CDR Daily Precipitation Climate Data Record from Multisatellite Observations for Hydrological and Climate Studies SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; ISCCP AB A new retrospective satellite-based precipitation dataset is constructed as a climate data record for hydrological and climate studies. Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) provides daily and 0.25 degrees rainfall estimates for the latitude band 60 degrees S-60 degrees N for the period of 1 January 1983 to 31 December 2012 (delayed present). PERSIANN-CDR is aimed at addressing the need for a consistent, long-term, high-resolution, and global precipitation dataset for studying the changes and trends in daily precipitation, especially extreme precipitation events, due to climate change and natural variability. PERSIANN-CDR is generated from the PERSIANN algorithm using GridSat-B1 infrared data. It is adjusted using the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly product to maintain consistency of the two datasets at 2.5 degrees monthly scale throughout the entire record. Three case studies for testing the efficacy of the dataset against available observations and satellite products are reported. The verification study over Hurricane Katrina (2005) shows that PERSIANN-CDR has good agreement with the stage IV radar data, noting that PERSIANN-CDR has more complete spatial coverage than the radar data. In addition, the comparison of PERSIANN-CDR against gauge observations during the 1986 Sydney flood in Australia reaffirms the capability of PERSIANN-CDR to provide reasonably accurate rainfall estimates. Moreover, the probability density function (PDF) of PERSIANN-CDR over the contiguous United States exhibits good agreement with the PDFs of the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) gridded gauge data and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product. The results indicate high potential for using PERSIANN-CDR for long-term hydroclimate studies in regional and global scales. C1 [Ashouri, Hamed; Hsu, Kuo-Lin; Sorooshian, Soroosh; Braithwaite, Dan K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Nelson, Brian R.; Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Cecil, L. Dewayne] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RP Ashouri, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM h.ashouri@uci.edu RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014; Ashouri, Hamed/I-3040-2016 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; FU NOAA/Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS); NOAA NCDC/Climate Data Record program [NA09NES440006]; NOAA NCDC/Climate Data Record program (NCSU CICS) [2009-1380-01]; NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection (CCDD) [NA10DAR4310122]; NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) program [NNX06AF93G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Award [NNX12AO11H]; NASA Decision Support System [NNX09A067G] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. In addition, we would like to express our appreciations to the editor of our paper, Mr. Jeffrey Hawkins, for his thoughtful comments and efforts in handling our paper. Partial financial support was provided by the NOAA/Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS) and the NOAA NCDC/Climate Data Record program (Prime Award NA09NES440006 and NCSU CICS Sub-Award 2009-1380-01), the NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection (CCDD) (NA10DAR4310122), the NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) program (NNX06AF93G), the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) Award (NNX12AO11H), and the NASA Decision Support System (NNX09A067G). NR 56 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 1 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00068.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE0FA UT WOS:000351478700013 ER PT J AU Waples, RS AF Waples, Robin S. TI Testing for Hardy-Weinberg Proportions: Have We Lost the Plot? SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE genotypic ratios; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; heterozygotes; linkage disequilibrium; multiple testing; statistical tests ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENOTYPING ERRORS; MATING POPULATIONS; MULTIPLE ALLELES; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CONSERVATION GENETICS; HETEROZYGOTE-EXCESS AB Testing for Hardy-Weinberg proportions (HWP) is routine in almost all genetic studies of natural populations, but many researchers do not demonstrate a full understanding of the purposes of these tests or how to interpret the results. Common problems include a lack of understanding of statistical power and the difference between statistical significance and biological significance, how to interpret results of multiple tests, and how to distinguish between various factors that can cause statistically significant departures. In this perspective, which focuses on analysis of genetic data for nonmodel species, I 1) review factors that can cause departures from HWP at individual loci and linkage disequilibrium (LD) at pairs of loci; 2) discuss commonly used tests for HWP and LD, with an emphasis on multiple-testing issues; 3) show how to distinguish among possible causes of departures from HWP; and 4) outline some simple steps to follow when significant test results are found. Finally, I 5) identify some issues that merit particular attention as we move into an era in which analysis of genomics-scale datasets for nonmodel species is commonplace. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association FX R.S.W. was supported by funds from the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. NR 92 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 67 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1093/jhered/esu062 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CE7FQ UT WOS:000352003800001 PM 25425676 ER PT S AU Reader, J Kramida, A Ralchenko, Y Wiese, WG Fuhr, J AF Reader, Joseph Kramida, Alexander Ralchenko, Yuri Wiese, Wolfgang Fuhr, Jeffrey GP IOP TI NIST program of spectroscopic data for light elements of fusion interest SO LIGHT ELEMENT ATOM, MOLECULE AND RADICAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE DIVERTOR AND EDGE PLASMA REGIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Element Atom, Molecule and Radical Behaviour in the Divertor and Edge Plasma Regions CY NOV 18-MAR 22, 2009-2013 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; BEAM-FOIL SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ENERGY-LEVELS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; SPECTRAL-LINES; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC DATA; NE-VIII; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE AB This paper summarizes work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in support of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Project on "Light Element Atom, Molecule and Radical Behaviour in the Divertor and Edge Plasma Regions." It includes numerical data on radiative transition rates for ions of fluorine and neon critically compiled at NIST. C1 [Reader, Joseph; Kramida, Alexander; Ralchenko, Yuri; Wiese, Wolfgang; Fuhr, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reader@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 576 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/576/1/012007 PG 114 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC3YP UT WOS:000352094600007 ER PT S AU Jalarvo, N Tyagi, M Crawford, MK AF Jalarvo, Niina Tyagi, Madhusudan Crawford, Michael K. BE Frick, B Koza, MM Boehm, M Mutka, H TI Quasielastic neutron scattering study of POSS ligand dynamics SO QENS/WINS 2014 - 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUASIELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING AND 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INELASTIC NEUTRON SPECTROMETERS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Quasielastic Neutron Scattering / 6th International Workshop on Inelastic Neutron Spectrometers (QENS/WINS) CY MAY 11-16, 2014 CL Autrans, FRANCE SP Inst LaueLangevin, ESS, FRMII, HZB, ILL, ISIS, JCNS, LLB, PSI AB Polyoligosilsesquioxanes are molecules having cage-like structures composed of silicon and oxygen. These molecules can have a wide variety of functional ligands attached to them. Depending on the nature of the ligand, interesting properties and applications are found. In this work we present results from quasielastic neutron scattering measurements of four different POSS molecules that illustrate the presence of strong coupling between the ligand dynamics and the POSS crystal structures. C1 [Jalarvo, Niina] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52428 Julich, Germany. [Jalarvo, Niina] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Crawford, Michael K.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Jalarvo, N (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52428 Julich, Germany. EM n.jalarvo@fz-juelich.de RI Jalarvo, Niina/Q-1320-2015 OI Jalarvo, Niina/0000-0003-0644-6866 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 83 AR 02007 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20158302007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC3PN UT WOS:000351844900009 ER PT J AU Bazilevskaya, E Rother, G Mildner, DFR Pavich, M Cole, D Bhatt, MP Jin, LX Steefel, CI Brantley, SL AF Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina Rother, Gernot Mildner, David F. R. Pavich, Milan Cole, David Bhatt, Maya P. Jin, Lixin Steefel, Carl I. Brantley, Susan L. TI How Oxidation and Dissolution in Diabase and Granite Control Porosity during Weathering SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VIRGINIA PIEDMONT; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; SAPONITE SERIES; PUERTO-RICO; ROCKS; REPLACEMENT; EVOLUTION; REGOLITH AB Weathering extends to shallower depths on diabase than granite ridgetops despite similar climate and geomorphological regimes of denudation in the Virginia (United States) Piedmont. Deeper weathering has been attributed to advective transport of solutes in granitic rock compared to diffusive transport in diabase. We use neutron scattering (NS) techniques to quantify the total and connected submillimeter porosity (nominal diameters between 1 nm and 10 mm) and specific surface area (SSA) during weathering. The internal surface of each unweathered rock is characterized as both a mass fractal and a surface fractal. The mass fractal describes the distribution of pores (similar to 300 nm to similar to 5 mu m) along grain boundaries and triple junctions. The surface fractal is interpreted as the distribution of smaller features (1-300 nm), that is, the bumps (or irregularities) at the grain-pore interface. The earliest porosity development in the granite is driven by microfracturing of biotite, which leads to the introduction of fluids that initiate dissolution of other silicates. Once plagioclase weathering begins, porosity increases significantly and the mass + surface fractal typical for unweathered granite transforms to a surface fractal as infiltration of fluids continues. In contrast, the mass + surface fractal does not transform to a surface fractal during weathering of the diabase, perhaps consistent with the interpretation that solute transport is dominated by diffusion in that rock. The difference in regolith thickness between granite and diabase is likely due to the different mechanisms of solute transport across the primary silicate reaction front. C1 [Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rother, Gernot] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Geochem & Interfacial Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pavich, Milan] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Cole, David] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43219 USA. [Bhatt, Maya P.] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dep Environm Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Jin, Lixin] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Steefel, Carl I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bazilevskaya, E (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eab204@psu.edu RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294 FU DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15675]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center, "Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2"; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This project was funded by DOE Grant DE-FG02-05ER15675. The research of GR was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. DRC was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center, "Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2" led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We specifically acknowledge Duluth Parkinson for the help with tomography imaging at beamline 8.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The small-angle neutron scattering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. Transmission electron microscopy and SEM work was done at Materials Research Institute, Penn State. The identification of commercial instruments in this paper does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment used are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 79 IS 1 BP 55 EP 73 DI 10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0135 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CE2JB UT WOS:000351640800007 ER PT J AU Pushin, DA Huber, MG Arif, M Shahi, CB Nsofini, J Wood, CJ Sarenac, D Cory, DG AF Pushin, D. A. Huber, M. G. Arif, M. Shahi, C. B. Nsofini, J. Wood, C. J. Sarenac, D. Cory, D. G. TI Neutron Interferometry at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO ADVANCES IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; GRAVITY AB Neutron interferometry has proved to be a very precise technique for measuring the quantum mechanical phase of a neutron caused by a potential energy difference between two spatially separated neutron paths inside interferometer. The path length inside the interferometer can be many centimeters (and many centimeters apart) making it very practical to study a variety of samples, fields, potentials, and other macroscopic medium and quantum effects. The precision of neutron interferometry comes at a cost; neutron interferometers are very susceptible to environmental noise that is typically mitigated with large, active isolated enclosures. With recent advances in quantum information processing especially quantum error correction (QEC) codes we were able to demonstrate a neutron interferometer that is insensitive to vibrational noise. A facility at NIST's Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) has just been commissioned with higher neutron flux than the NCNR's older interferometer setup. This new facility is based on QEC neutron interferometer, thus improving the accessibility of neutron interferometry to the greater scientific community and expanding its applications to quantum computing, gravity, and material research. C1 [Pushin, D. A.; Nsofini, J.; Wood, C. J.; Sarenac, D.; Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D. A.; Nsofini, J.; Wood, C. J.; Sarenac, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Huber, M. G.; Arif, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shahi, C. B.] Tulane Univ, Phys & Engn Phys Dept, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. RP Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM dmitry.pushin@uwaterloo.ca OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; Nsofini, Joachim/0000-0003-0861-478X FU CREATE, Discovery, NSERC, Industry Canada; CERC, CIFAR, and Ministry of Research and Innovation, Province of Ontario, Canada FX This work was supported in part by CREATE, Discovery, NSERC, Industry Canada, CERC, CIFAR, and Ministry of Research and Innovation, Province of Ontario, Canada. Support provided by NIST is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Sam Potts and University of Missouri-Columbia Physics Machine Shop for a wonderful job machining the interferometer and for discussions with D. L. Jacobson, T. Borneman, R. A. Barankov, P. Cappellaro, E. R. Sparks, and G. L. Greene. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-7357 EI 1687-7365 J9 ADV HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI Adv. High. Energy Phys. PY 2015 AR 687480 DI 10.1155/2015/687480 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CE1ZD UT WOS:000351610800001 ER PT J AU Darroch, LJ Lavoie, M Levasseur, M Laurion, I Sunda, WG Michaud, S Scarratt, M Gosselin, M Caron, G AF Darroch, Louise J. Lavoie, Michel Levasseur, Maurice Laurion, Isabelle Sunda, William G. Michaud, Sonia Scarratt, Michael Gosselin, Michel Caron, Gitane TI Effect of short-term light- and UV-stress on DMSP, DMS, and DMSP lyase activity in Emiliania huxleyi SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DMSP; DMS; DMSP lyase; Light stress; Ultraviolet radiation; Phytoplankton ID DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE DMSP; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OCEANIC PHYTOPLANKTON; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; INCREASED PCO(2); ATLANTIC-OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE AB The ecological conditions and cellular mechanisms which affect the production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in marine ecosystems are still enigmatic. This information is crucial for deriving accurate oceanic ecosystem models for the dynamics of these major players in the Earth's sulfur cycle and climate. In the present study, we examined the effect of short-term increases in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the production of DMSP and DMS and on DMSP lyase potential activity (DLPA) in an axenic culture of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (CCMP 1742). Algal cells were subjected to a rapid shift from a low intensity of PAR (50 mu E m(-2) S-1; low light, LL) to a high intensity of PAR (198 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) and elevated UVR conditions (high light, HL), simulating what may occur during upward mixing in the surface mixed layer or during changes in cloud cover. During the 4.5 h exposure to HL, the intracellular DMSP normalized to cell volume increased by ca. 30%, and dissolved DMSP doubled relative to control values. However, the DLPA per unit of cell volume decreased by similar to 45 % compared to the control value. The up-regulation of cellular DMSP concentration is consistent with an antioxidant and/or energy dissipation role for DMSP. The decrease in DLPA may indicate that the DMSP lyase enzyme plays no role in antioxidant protection in this algal species, but rather serves some other cellular function, such as grazing protection. C1 [Darroch, Louise J.; Lavoie, Michel; Levasseur, Maurice; Caron, Gitane] Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Darroch, Louise J.; Lavoie, Michel; Levasseur, Maurice; Caron, Gitane] Univ Laval, Unite Mixte Int Takuvik Univ Laval, CNRS, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Laurion, Isabelle] Ctr Eau Terre & Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada. [Sunda, William G.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Michaud, Sonia; Scarratt, Michael] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Gosselin, Michel] Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. RP Levasseur, M (reprint author), Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM maurice.levasseur@bio.ulaval.ca RI Gosselin, Michel/B-4477-2014; OI Gosselin, Michel/0000-0002-1044-0793; Lavoie, Michel/0000-0002-3613-2932 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Department of Environment Canada; Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies; Canada Research Chair in Plankton-Climate Interactions; Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier FX This work is a contribution of the Canadian-SOLAS Network (Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study) funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Department of Environment Canada, the Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies, the Canada Research Chair in Plankton-Climate Interactions, and the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier. We thank W.F. Vincent (Canada Research Chair in Aquatic Ecosystems Studies, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada) for his time and excellent advice on working with UVR, C. Fichot (Marine Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA) for providing light data, J. Breton (INRS-ETE, Quebec, Quebec, Canada), M.J. Martineau and M. Luce (Departement de biologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada) for assistance in the analysis of samples, and J.-C. Auclair (INRS-ETE, Quebec, Quebec, Canada) for support in statistical analyses. We also thank 4 anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 EI 1616-1564 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2015 VL 74 IS 2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.3354/ame01735 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA CE0GG UT WOS:000351481900006 ER PT J AU Stockwell, CE Veres, PR Williams, J Yokelson, RJ AF Stockwell, C. E. Veres, P. R. Williams, J. Yokelson, R. J. TI Characterization of biomass burning emissions from cooking fires, peat, crop residue, and other fuels with high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LIGNIN PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITRATED PHENOLS; PHASE REACTIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB We deployed a high-resolution proton-transferreaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure biomass-burning emissions from peat, crop residue, cooking fires, and many other fire types during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) laboratory campaign. A combination of gas standard calibrations and composition sensitive, mass-dependent calibration curves was applied to quantify gas-phase non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) observed in the complex mixture of fire emissions. We used several approaches to assign the best identities to most major "exact masses", including many high molecular mass species. Using these methods, approximately 80-96% of the total NMOC mass detected by the PTR-TOFMS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was positively or tentatively identified for major fuel types. We report data for many rarely measured or previously unmeasured emissions in several compound classes including aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, and furans; many of these are suspected secondary organic aerosol precursors. A large set of new emission factors (EFs) for a range of globally significant biomass fuels is presented. Measurements show that oxygenated NMOCs accounted for the largest fraction of emissions of all compound classes. In a brief study of various traditional and advanced cooking methods, the EFs for these emissions groups were greatest for open three-stone cooking in comparison to their more advanced counterparts. Several little-studied nitrogen-containing organic com-pounds were detected from many fuel types, that together accounted for 0.1-8.7% of the fuel nitrogen, and some may play a role in new particle formation. C1 [Stockwell, C. E.; Yokelson, R. J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Veres, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Atmospher Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; FU NSF [ATM-0936321]; NASA Earth Science Division Award [NNX12AH17G, NNX13AP46G] FX FLAME-4, rental of PTR-TOF-MS, and C. S. and R. Y. were supported primarily by NSF grant ATM-0936321. FSL operational costs were supported by NASA Earth Science Division Award NNX12AH17G; thanks to S. Kreidenweis, P. DeMott, and G. McMeeking, whose collaboration in organizing and executing FLAME-4 is gratefully acknowledged. The collaboration of A. Robinson in organizing FLAME-4 and the cooking fires is also gratefully acknowledged. We thank C. Geron for providing a sample of NC peat. The research was supported by NASA Earth Science Division Award NNX13AP46G. NR 119 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 72 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 BP 845 EP 865 DI 10.5194/acp-15-845-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6AI UT WOS:000351170000008 ER PT J AU Katata, G Chino, M Kobayashi, T Terada, H Ota, M Nagai, H Kajino, M Draxler, R Hort, MC Malo, A Torii, T Sanada, Y AF Katata, G. Chino, M. Kobayashi, T. Terada, H. Ota, M. Nagai, H. Kajino, M. Draxler, R. Hort, M. C. Malo, A. Torii, T. Sanada, Y. TI Detailed source term estimation of the atmospheric release for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident by coupling simulations of an atmospheric dispersion model with an improved deposition scheme and oceanic dispersion model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WET SCAVENGING COEFFICIENT; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; CLOUD-WATER DEPOSITION; PLANT ACCIDENT; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NORTH PACIFIC; AIRBORNE RADIONUCLIDES; UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Temporal variations in the amount of radionuclides released into the atmosphere during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FNPS1) accident and their atmospheric and marine dispersion are essential to evaluate the environmental impacts and resultant radiological doses to the public. In this paper, we estimate the detailed atmospheric releases during the accident using a reverse estimation method which calculates the release rates of radionuclides by comparing measurements of air concentration of a radionuclide or its dose rate in the environment with the ones calculated by atmospheric and oceanic transport, dispersion and deposition models. The atmospheric and oceanic models used are WSPEEDI-II (Worldwide version of System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information) and SEA-GEARN-FDM (Finite difference oceanic dispersion model), both developed by the authors. A sophisticated deposition scheme, which deals with dry and fog-water depositions, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation, and subsequent wet scavenging due to mixed-phase cloud microphysics (in-cloud scavenging) for radioactive iodine gas (I-2 and CH3I) and other particles (CsI, Cs, and Te), was incorporated into WSPEEDI-II to improve the surface deposition calculations. The results revealed that the major releases of radionuclides due to the FNPS1 accident occurred in the following periods during March 2011: the afternoon of 12 March due to the wet venting and hydrogen explosion at Unit 1, midnight of 14 March when the SRV (safety relief valve) was opened three times at Unit 2, the morning and night of 15 March, and the morning of 16 March. According to the simulation results, the highest radioactive contamination areas around FNPS1 were created from 15 to 16 March by complicated interactions among rainfall, plume movements, and the temporal variation of release rates. The simulation by WSPEEDI-II using the new source term reproduced the local and regional patterns of cumulative surface deposition of total I-131 and Cs-137 and air dose rate obtained by airborne surveys. The new source term was also tested using three atmospheric dispersion models (Modele Lagrangien de Dispersion de Particules d'ordre zero: MLDP0, Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model: HYSPLIT, and Met Office's Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment: NAME) for regional and global calculations, and the calculated results showed good agreement with observed air concentration and surface deposition of Cs-137 in eastern Japan. C1 [Katata, G.; Chino, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Terada, H.; Ota, M.; Nagai, H.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Kajino, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Draxler, R.] Univ Res Court, Air Resources Lab, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hort, M. C.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Malo, A.] CMC, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Torii, T.] JAEA, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008577, Japan. [Sanada, Y.] JAEA, Fukushima Ku, Fukushima 9601296, Japan. RP Katata, G (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Environm Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM katata.genki@jaea.go.jp OI Malo, Alain/0000-0003-2441-3216 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [21120512] FX The authors express their gratitude to Shinichiro Kado, Kyoto University in Japan, Fumiya Tanabe, Sociotechnical Systems Safety Research Institute in Japan, and Yu Maruyama, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in Japan, for their helpful comments and suggestions. Kevin Foster, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore (LLNL) of the USA, provided the digital data of air dose rate from US-DOE airborne monitoring. The source terms of Hirao et al. (2013) and Winiarek et al. (2014) were provided by Shigekazu Hirao, Nagoya University in Japan and Victor Winiarek, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmospherique (CEREA) in France, respectively. This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, no. 21120512, provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 140 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 20 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1070 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1029-2015 PG 42 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6AI UT WOS:000351170000018 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Hayek, MN Andrews, AE Fung, I Liu, J AF Miller, S. M. Hayek, M. N. Andrews, A. E. Fung, I. Liu, J. TI Biases in atmospheric CO2 estimates from correlated meteorology modeling errors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX INVERSIONS; KALMAN FILTER; SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE AB Estimates of CO2 fluxes that are based on atmospheric measurements rely upon a meteorology model to simulate atmospheric transport. These models provide a quantitative link between the surface fluxes and CO2 measurements taken downwind. Errors in the meteorology can therefore cause errors in the estimated CO2 fluxes. Meteorology errors that correlate or covary across time and/or space are particularly worrisome; they can cause biases in modeled atmospheric CO2 that are easily confused with the CO2 signal from surface fluxes, and they are difficult to characterize. In this paper, we leverage an ensemble of global meteorology model outputs combined with a data assimilation system to estimate these biases in modeled atmospheric CO2. In one case study, we estimate the magnitude of month-long CO2 biases relative to CO2 boundary layer enhancements and quantify how that answer changes if we either include or remove error correlations or covariances. In a second case study, we investigate which meteorological conditions are associated with these CO2 biases. In the first case study, we estimate uncertainties of 0.57 ppm in monthly-averaged CO2 concentrations, depending upon location (95% confidence interval). These uncertainties correspond to 13-150% of the mean afternoon CO2 boundary layer enhancement at individual observation sites. When we remove error covariances, however, this range drops to 222 %. Top-down studies that ignore these covariances could therefore underestimate the uncertainties and/or propagate transport errors into the flux estimate. In the second case study, we find that these month-long errors in atmospheric transport are anti-correlated with temperature and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height over terrestrial regions. In marine environments, by contrast, these errors are more strongly associated with weak zonal winds. Many errors, however, are not correlated with a single meteorological parameter, suggesting that a single meteorological proxy is not sufficient to characterize uncertainties in atmospheric CO2. Together, these two case studies provide information to improve the setup of future top-down inverse modeling studies, preventing unforeseen biases in estimated CO2 fluxes. C1 [Miller, S. M.; Hayek, M. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fung, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, J.] NASA, Earth Sci Div, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scot.m.miller@gmail.com FU DOE's Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was conducted at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as part of a DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship. The research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the DOE's Office of Science under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. CarbonTracker CT2011_oi results are provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. We thank Steven Wofsy for his feedback on the manuscript and thank Ed Dlugokencky of NOAA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2903 EP 2914 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2903-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD6KL UT WOS:000351197900014 ER PT J AU Meschersky, IG Kuleshova, MA Litovka, DI Burkanov, VN Andrews, RD Tsidulko, GA Rozhnov, VV Ilyashenko, VY AF Meschersky, I. G. Kuleshova, M. A. Litovka, D. I. Burkanov, V. N. Andrews, R. D. Tsidulko, G. A. Rozhnov, V. V. Ilyashenko, V. Yu. TI Occurrence and Distribution of Mitochondrial Lineages of Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in Russian Far Eastern Seas SO BIOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DNA VARIATION; POPULATION AB This article presents data on frequencies of mitotypes (control region and cytochrome b and ND2 genes) in groups of Gray Whales found off the Chukotka Peninsula, Koryak coast, eastern Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island. From north to south the number of mitotypes decreased dramatically, but mitotypes which were predominant in the south were the same as ones also abundant in northern samples. For the control region sequences only, our data and data presented in the literature suggest that breeding areas in Baja California may include diversity of both distant groups of mitochondrial lineages known for the species. On the other hand, the same control region sequences may be found in different mitochondrial genomes, and so conclusions based on this mtDNA fragment only may be incorrect. C1 [Meschersky, I. G.; Tsidulko, G. A.; Rozhnov, V. V.; Ilyashenko, V. Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [Kuleshova, M. A.] Moscow State Pedag Univ, Dept Zool & Ecol, Moscow 129164, Russia. [Litovka, D. I.] Pacific Reseach Fisheries Ctr, Chukotka Branch, Anadyr 689000, Russia. [Burkanov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Burkanov, V. N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NMFS, Seattle, WA USA. [Andrews, R. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Andrews, R. D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Meschersky, IG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninskii Pr 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. EM molecoldna@gmail.com FU International Whaling Commission; Russian Geographical Society FX The sampling was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service (United States) and a grant from the International Whaling Commission. The molecular-genetic analyses were performed within the framework of the Permanent expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences studying Red Book animals and other focus species of Russia (The Beluga White Whale Program) and have been supported financially by the Russian Geographical Society. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1062-3590 EI 1026-3470 J9 BIOL BULL+ JI Biol. Bull PD JAN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1134/S1062359014060077 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CE1VO UT WOS:000351601000005 ER PT S AU Kinney, PL Matte, T Knowlton, K Madrigano, J Petkova, E Weinberger, K Quinn, A Arend, M Pullen, J AF Kinney, Patrick L. Matte, Thomas Knowlton, Kim Madrigano, Jaime Petkova, Elisaveta Weinberger, Kate Quinn, Ashlinn Arend, Mark Pullen, Julie BE Rosenzweig, C Solecki, W TI New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Chapter 5: Public Health Impacts and Resiliency SO BUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCY: NEW YORK CITY PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 REPORT SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; 1995 HEAT-WAVE; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; COMMON RAGWEED; BIRCH-POLLEN; TEMPERATURE EXTREMES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE C1 [Kinney, Patrick L.; Knowlton, Kim; Petkova, Elisaveta; Weinberger, Kate; Quinn, Ashlinn] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Matte, Thomas] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Knowlton, Kim] Nat Resources Def Council, New York, NY USA. [Madrigano, Jaime] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Arend, Mark] CUNY, NOAA CREST, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Pullen, Julie] Stevens Inst Technol, DHS Natl Ctr Excellence Maritime Secur, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Kinney, PL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES009089, T32 ES023770] NR 119 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2015 VL 1336 BP 67 EP 88 DI 10.1111/nyas.12588 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC3EX UT WOS:000351586900009 PM 25688947 ER PT S AU Solecki, W Rosenzweig, C Blake, R de Sherbinin, A Matte, T Moshary, F Rosenzweig, B Arend, M Gaffin, S Bou-Zeid, E Rule, K Sweeny, G Dessy, W AF Solecki, William Rosenzweig, Cynthia Blake, Reginald de Sherbinin, Alex Matte, Tom Moshary, Fred Rosenzweig, Bernice Arend, Mark Gaffin, Stuart Bou-Zeid, Elie Rule, Keith Sweeny, Geraldine Dessy, Wendy BE Rosenzweig, C Solecki, W TI New York City Panel on Climate Change 2015 Report Chapter 6: Indicators and Monitoring SO BUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCY: NEW YORK CITY PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 REPORT SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT; SHIFTS C1 [Solecki, William] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rosenzweig, Cynthia] Columbia Univ, Climate Impacts Grp, NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, Ctr Climate Syst Res,Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Blake, Reginald] CUNY, Dept Phys, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Blake, Reginald] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Climate Impacts Grp, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [de Sherbinin, Alex] Columbia Univ, CIESIN, Palisades, NY USA. [Matte, Tom] New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. [Moshary, Fred; Arend, Mark] CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Rosenzweig, Bernice] CUNY, CUNY Environm Crossrd, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Gaffin, Stuart] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rule, Keith] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sweeny, Geraldine; Dessy, Wendy] New York City Mayors Off Operat, New York, NY USA. RP Solecki, W (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. OI de Sherbinin, Alex/0000-0002-8875-4864 NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2015 VL 1336 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1111/nyas.12587 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC3EX UT WOS:000351586900010 PM 25688948 ER PT J AU Barnes, BM Goasmat, F Sohn, MY Zhou, H Vladar, AE Silver, RM AF Barnes, Bryan M. Goasmat, Francois Sohn, Martin Y. Zhou, Hui Vladar, Andras E. Silver, Richard M. TI Effects of wafer noise on the detection of 20-nm defects using optical volumetric inspection SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE wafer noise; defect inspection; volumetric processing; defect metrology; three-dimensional image processing ID MICROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB Patterning imperfections in semiconductor device fabrication may either be noncritical [e.g., line edge roughness (LER)] or critical, such as defects that impact manufacturing yield. As the sizes of the pitches and linewidths decrease in lithography, detection of the optical scattering from killer defects may be obscured by the scattering from other variations, called wafer noise. Understanding and separating these optical signals are critical to reduce false positives and overlooked defects. The effects of wafer noise on defect detection are assessed using volumetric processing on both measurements and simulations with the SEMATECH 9-nm gate intentional defect array. Increases in LER in simulation lead to decreases in signal-to-noise ratios due to wafer noise. Measurement procedures illustrate the potential uses in manufacturing while illustrating challenges to be overcome for full implementation. Highly geometry-dependent, the ratio of wafer noise to defect signal should continue to be evaluated for new process architectures and production nodes. (C) The Authors. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Goasmat, Francois; Sohn, Martin Y.; Zhou, Hui; Vladar, Andras E.; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bmbarnes@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.14.1.014001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA CE2IZ UT WOS:000351640600017 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Choat, JH Hamilton, RJ DeMartini, EE AF Andrews, Allen H. Choat, John H. Hamilton, Richard J. DeMartini, Edward E. TI Refined bomb radiocarbon dating of two iconic fishes of the Great Barrier Reef SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Australia; Bolbometopon muricatum; bumphead parrotfish; carbon-14; Cheilinus undulatus; humphead wrasse; Labridae; micromilling; otolith ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHEILINUS-UNDULATUS; FAMILY SCARIDAE; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; HUMPHEAD WRASSE; SURFACE OCEAN; CORAL-REEF; LIFE-SPAN; STABLE C AB Refinements to the methodology of bomb radiocarbon dating made it possible to validate age estimates of the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum). Age for these species has been estimated from presumed annual growth zones in otoliths at similar to 30 and similar to 40 years respectively. The validity of these estimates was tested using bomb radiocarbon dating on the small and fragile otoliths of these species, and provided an opportunity to refine the method using advanced technologies. A regional C-14 reference record from hermatypic coral cores from the Great Barrier Reef was assembled and C-14 measurements from extracted otolith cores of adult otoliths were successful. Validated ages supported the accuracy of growth zone derived ages using sectioned sagittal otoliths. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.; DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Choat, John H.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Andrews, Allen H.] Nat Conservancy Asia Pacific Div, West End, Qld 4101, Australia. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU National Geographic Grants; Australian Research Council; James Cook University (JCU); Lizard Island Research Station; Species of Concern Program of NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources FX With regard to collection of fish specimens, W. Robbins, J. Ackerman and D. R. Robertson assisted with the field sampling and laboratory work. National Geographic Grants, the Australian Research Council and James Cook University (JCU) internal grants provided funding to J. H. Choat, with further support provided by the Lizard Island Research Station. This research was carried out under Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority permits G99/177, G00/398, G01/386, G01/606, G03/7181.1 and JCU ethics approvals A503 and A504 to J. H. Choat. Thanks to Beverly Barnett of Panama City Laboratory (NOAAFisheries - SEFSC) for assistance with constructing the regional map (ArcView). Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. The Species of Concern Program of NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources provided the primary funding for this project. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2015 VL 66 IS 4 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1071/MF14086 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CE2CT UT WOS:000351621600003 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Himes-Cornell, A Lee, J AF Lew, Daniel K. Himes-Cornell, Amber Lee, Jean TI Weighting and Imputation for Missing Data in a Cost and Earnings Fishery Survey SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; charter boat fishing; data imputation; missing data; non-response bias; sample weighting; survey methods ID NONRESPONSE BIAS; RATES; MANAGEMENT; ANGLERS AB Surveys of fishery participants are often voluntary and, as a result, commonly have missing data associated with them. The two primary causes of missing data that generate concern are unit non-response and item non-response. Unit non-response occurs when a potential respondent does not complete and return a survey, resulting in a missing respondent. Item non-response occurs in returned surveys when an individual question is unanswered. Both may lead to issues with extrapolating results to the population. We explain how to adjust data to estimate population parameters from surveys using two of the principal approaches available for addressing missing data, weighting and data imputation, and illustrate the effects they have on estimates of costs and earnings in the Alaska charter boat sector using data from a recent survey. The results suggest that ignoring missing data will lead to markedly different results than those estimated when controlling for the missing data. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.; Himes-Cornell, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lee, Jean] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; Amber.Himes@noaa.gov; Jean.Lee@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X; Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1086/679975 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA CD5GQ UT WOS:000351116400006 ER PT J AU Luo, JH Yuan, GC Zhao, CZ Han, CC Chen, J Liu, Y AF Luo, Junhua Yuan, Guangcui Zhao, Chuanzhuang Han, Charles C. Chen, Jie Liu, Yun TI Gelation of large hard particles with short-range attraction induced by bridging of small soft microgels SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; COLLOID-POLYMER MIXTURES; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; PHASE-SEPARATION; FLOCCULATION; MODEL; DISPERSIONS; BEHAVIOR; SPHERES AB In this study, mixed suspensions of large hard polystyrene microspheres and small soft poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels are used as model systems to investigate the static and viscoelastic properties of suspensions which go through liquid to gel transitions. The microgels cause short-range attraction between microspheres through the bridging and depletion mechanism whose strength can be tuned by the microgel concentration. Rheological measurements are performed on suspensions with the volume fraction (Phi) of microspheres ranging from 0.02 to 0.15, and the transitions from liquid-like to solid-like behaviors triggered by the concentration of microgels are carefully identified. Two gel lines due to bridging attraction under unsaturated conditions are obtained. Ultrasmall angle neutron scattering is used to probe the thermodynamic properties of suspensions approaching the liquid-solid transition boundaries. Baxter's sticky hard-sphere model is used to extract the effective inter-microsphere interaction introduced by the small soft microgels. It is found that the strength of attraction (characterized by a single stickiness parameter tau) on two gel lines formed by bridging is very close to the theoretical value for the spinodal line in the tau-Phi phase diagram predicted by Baxter's model. This indicates that the nature of the gel state may have the same thermodynamic origins, independent of the detailed mechanism of the short-range attraction. The relationship between the rheological criterion for the liquid-solid transition and the thermodynamic criterion for the equilibrium-nonequilibrium transition is also discussed. C1 [Luo, Junhua; Yuan, Guangcui; Han, Charles C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat,State Key Lab Polymer, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Luo, Junhua] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Chuanzhuang] Ningbo Univ, Fac Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jie; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Yuan, GC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat,State Key Lab Polymer, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM gcyuan@iccas.ac.cn; c.c.han@iccas.ac.cn RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB821503]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NAB10H256] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB821503). Y. Liu acknowledges the support of cooperative agreement 70NAB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work utilized facilities provided in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, ...) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2494 EP 2503 DI 10.1039/c4sm02165g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CD9DC UT WOS:000351396500019 PM 25679297 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Nai, K Liu, S Rabin, RM Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Nai, Kang Liu, Shun Rabin, Robert M. Zhao, Qingyun TI A Radar Wind Analysis System for Nowcast Applications SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D; ERROR AB A radar wind analysis system (RWAS) has been developed for nowcast applications. By ingesting real-time wind observations from operational WSR-88D radars and surface mesonet, this system can produce and display real-time vector winds at each selected vertical level or on each conical surface of radar scans superimposed on radar reflectivity or radial-velocity images. An early version of the system has been evaluated and used to provide real-time winds to drive high-resolution emergency response dispersion models. This paper presents the detailed formulations of background error correlation functions used in each of the three steps of vectorwind analysis performed in the RWAS and the method of solution used in each step of vectorwind analysis. The performances of the RWAS are demonstrated by illustrative examples. C1 [Xu, Qin; Nai, Kang; Rabin, Robert M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wei, Li; Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Shun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Shun] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Qingyun] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141410281]; DOC/NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Jidong Gao of NSSL and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. This research was supported by the ONR Grant N000141410281 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided by DOC/NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1227. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2015 AR 264515 DI 10.1155/2015/264515 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CD4PS UT WOS:000351066500001 ER PT J AU de Foy, B Cui, YY Schauer, JJ Janssen, M Turner, JR Wiedinmyer, C AF de Foy, B. Cui, Y. Y. Schauer, J. J. Janssen, M. Turner, J. R. Wiedinmyer, C. TI Estimating sources of elemental and organic carbon and their temporal emission patterns using a least squares inverse model and hourly measurements from the St. Louis-Midwest supersite SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; PARTICULATE MATTER; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; AEROSOLS; PM2.5 AB Emission inventories of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) contain large uncertainties both in their spatial and temporal distributions for different source types. An inverse model was used to evaluate EC and OC emissions based on 1 year of hourly measurements from the St. Louis-Midwest supersite. The input to the model consisted of continuous measurements of EC and OC obtained for 2002 using two semicontinuous analyzers. High resolution meteorological simulations were performed for the entire time period using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). These were used to simulate hourly back trajectories at the measurement site using a Lagrangian model (FLEXPART-WRF). In combination, an Eulerian model (CAMx: The Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions) was used to simulate the impacts at the measurement site using known emissions inventories for point and area sources from the Lake Michigan Directors Consortium (LADCO) as well as for open burning from the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN). By considering only passive transport of pollutants, the Bayesian inversion simplifies to a single least squares inversion. The inverse model combines forward Eulerian simulations with backward Lagrangian simulations to yield estimates of emissions from sources in current inventories as well as from emissions that might be missing in the inventories. The CAMx impacts were disaggregated into separate time chunks in order to determine improved diurnal, weekday and monthly temporal patterns of emissions. Because EC is a primary species, the inverse model estimates can be interpreted directly as emissions. In contrast, OC is both a primary and a secondary species. As the inverse model does not differentiate between direct emissions and formation in the plume of those direct emissions, the estimates need to be interpreted as contributions to measured concentrations. Emissions of EC and OC in the St. Louis region from on-road, non-road, marine/aircraft/railroad (MAR), "other" and point sources were revised slightly downwards on average. In particular, both MAR and point sources had a more pronounced diurnal variation than in the inventory. The winter peak in "other" emissions was not corroborated by the inverse model. On-road emissions have a larger difference between weekday and weekends in the inverse estimates than in the inventory, and appear to be poorly simulated or characterized in the winter months. The model suggests that open burning emissions are significantly underestimated in the inventory. Finally, contributions of unknown sources seems to be from areas to the south of St. Louis and from afternoon and nighttime emissions. C1 [de Foy, B.; Cui, Y. Y.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Cui, Y. Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cui, Y. Y.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schauer, J. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Janssen, M.] Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium LADCO, Rosemont, IL USA. [Turner, J. R.] Washington Univ, Energy Environm & Chem Engn Dept, St Louis, MO USA. [Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP de Foy, B (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM bdefoy@slu.edu RI de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R-82805901-0, RD-83455701] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded the EC and OC measurements used in this analysis through cooperative agreement R-82805901-0, and the analysis through grant number RD-83455701. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the EPA. Further, the EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. We thank the staff of the St. Louis-Midwest fine-particle supersite for their assistance in data collection. We are also grateful to the US EPA for making the National Emissions Inventory available, and to the US National Climatic Data Center for the meteorological data. We wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and careful reviews which helped improve the paper. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2405 EP 2427 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2405-2015 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700010 ER PT J AU Sessions, WR Reid, JS Benedetti, A Colarco, PR da Silva, A Lu, S Sekiyama, T Tanaka, TY Baldasano, JM Basart, S Brooks, ME Eck, TF Iredell, M Hansen, JA Jorba, OC Juang, HMH Lynch, P Morcrette, JJ Moorthi, S Mulcahy, J Pradhan, Y Razinger, M Sampson, CB Wang, J Westphal, DL AF Sessions, W. R. Reid, J. S. Benedetti, A. Colarco, P. R. da Silva, A. Lu, S. Sekiyama, T. Tanaka, T. Y. Baldasano, J. M. Basart, S. Brooks, M. E. Eck, T. F. Iredell, M. Hansen, J. A. Jorba, O. C. Juang, H. -M. H. Lynch, P. Morcrette, J. -J. Moorthi, S. Mulcahy, J. Pradhan, Y. Razinger, M. Sampson, C. B. Wang, J. Westphal, D. L. TI Development towards a global operational aerosol consensus: basic climatological characteristics of the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction Multi-Model Ensemble (ICAP-MME) (vol 15, pg 335, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Sessions, W. R.; Lynch, P.] CSC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Reid, J. S.; Hansen, J. A.; Sampson, C. B.; Westphal, D. L.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Benedetti, A.; Morcrette, J. -J.; Razinger, M.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Colarco, P. R.; da Silva, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lu, S.; Iredell, M.; Juang, H. -M. H.; Moorthi, S.; Wang, J.] NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Sekiyama, T.; Tanaka, T. Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Atmospher Environm & Appl Meteorol Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Baldasano, J. M.; Basart, S.; Jorba, O. C.] Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Brooks, M. E.; Mulcahy, J.; Pradhan, Y.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, J.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2533 EP 2534 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2533-2015 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700019 ER PT J AU Ghosh, A Patra, PK Ishijima, K Umezawa, T Ito, A Etheridge, DM Sugawara, S Kawamura, K Miller, JB Dlugokencky, EJ Krummel, PB Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Langenfelds, RL Trudinger, CM White, JWC Vaughn, B Saeki, T Aoki, S Nakazawa, T AF Ghosh, A. Patra, P. K. Ishijima, K. Umezawa, T. Ito, A. Etheridge, D. M. Sugawara, S. Kawamura, K. Miller, J. B. Dlugokencky, E. J. Krummel, P. B. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Langenfelds, R. L. Trudinger, C. M. White, J. W. C. Vaughn, B. Saeki, T. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. TI Variations in global methane sources and sinks during 1910-2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; STRATOSPHERIC METHANE; TROPOSPHERIC OH; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DRAMATIC DECREASE; GROWTH-RATE; FIRN AIR; CH4; CARBON AB Atmospheric methane (CH4) increased from similar to 900 ppb (parts per billion, or nanomoles per mole of dry air) in 1900 to similar to 1800 ppb in 2010 at a rate unprecedented in any observational records. However, the contributions of the various methane sources and sinks to the CH4 increase are poorly understood. Here we use initial emissions from bottom-up inventories for anthropogenic sources, emissions from wetlands and rice paddies simulated by a terrestrial biogeochemical model, and an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)-based chemistry-transport model (i.e. ACTM) to simulate atmospheric CH4 concentrations for 1910-2010. The ACTM simulations are compared with the CH4 concentration records reconstructed from Antarctic and Arctic ice cores and firn air samples, and from direct measurements since the 1980s at multiple sites around the globe. The differences between ACTM simulations and observed CH4 concentrations are minimized to optimize the global total emissions using a mass balance calculation. During 1910-2010, the global total CH4 emission doubled from similar to 290 to similar to 580 Tg yr(-1). Compared to optimized emission, the bottom-up emission data set underestimates the rate of change of global total CH4 emissions by similar to 30% during the high growth period of 1940-1990, while it overestimates by similar to 380% during the low growth period of 1990-2010. Further, using the CH4 stable carbon isotopic data (delta C-13), we attribute the emission increase during 1940-1990 primarily to enhancement of biomass burning. The total lifetime of CH4 shortened from 9.4 yr during 1910-1919 to 9 yr during 2000-2009 by the combined effect of the increasing abundance of atomic chlorine radicals (Cl) and increases in average air temperature. We show that changes of CH4 loss rate due to increased tropospheric air temperature and CH4 loss due to Cl in the stratosphere are important sources of uncertainty to more accurately estimate the global CH4 budget from delta C-13 observations. C1 [Ghosh, A.; Kawamura, K.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Ghosh, A.; Patra, P. K.; Ishijima, K.; Ito, A.; Saeki, T.] JAMSTEC, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Patra, P. K.; Umezawa, T.; Aoki, S.; Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Umezawa, T.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Ito, A.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Etheridge, D. M.; Krummel, P. B.; Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Trudinger, C. M.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Sugawara, S.] Miyagi Univ Educ, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Kawamura, K.] JAMSTEC, Dept Biogeochem, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Miller, J. B.; Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, J. W. C.; Vaughn, B.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ghosh, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. EM arindamgr@gmail.com; prabir@jamstec.go.jp RI Trudinger, Cathy/A-2532-2008; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; White, James/A-7845-2009; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; OI Trudinger, Cathy/0000-0002-4844-2153; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Kawamura, Kenji/0000-0003-1163-700X; Umezawa, Taku/0000-0003-1217-7439 FU Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Australian Climate Change Science Program, an Australian Government Initiative FX This research is financially supported by the Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. We also acknowledge data centres/contributors Tohoku University, Japan; NOAA/ESRL air sampling network; GAGE/AGAGE network; NOAA's National Climate Data Center (NCDC); World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG); Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), US Department of Energy; the Australian Bureau of Meteorology/Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia for the data set used in the present study. CSIRO's contribution was supported in part by the Australian Climate Change Science Program, an Australian Government Initiative. NR 89 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 74 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2595 EP 2612 DI 10.5194/acp-15-2595-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CC7PE UT WOS:000350559700024 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Marshall, HP Winstral, A Elder, K Yueh, S Cline, D AF Hedrick, A. Marshall, H. -P. Winstral, A. Elder, K. Yueh, S. Cline, D. TI Independent evaluation of the SNODAS snow depth product using regional-scale lidar-derived measurements SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; AIRBORNE LIDAR; UPPER TREELINE; ARCTIC ALASKA; MODEL; COVER; WIND; USA; REDISTRIBUTION AB Repeated light detection and ranging (lidar) surveys are quickly becoming the de facto method for measuring spatial variability of montane snowpacks at high resolution. This study examines the potential of a 750 km(2) lidar-derived data set of snow depths, collected during the 2007 northern Colorado Cold Lands Processes Experiment (CLPX-2), as a validation source for an operational hydrologic snow model. The SNOw Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) model framework, operated by the US National Weather Service, combines a physically based energy-and-mass-balance snow model with satellite, airborne and automated ground-based observations to provide daily estimates of snowpack properties at nominally 1 km resolution over the conterminous United States. Independent validation data are scarce due to the assimilating nature of SNODAS, compelling the need for an independent validation data set with substantial geographic coverage. Within 12 distinctive 500 x 500m study areas located throughout the survey swath, ground crews performed approximately 600 manual snow depth measurements during each of the CLPX-2 lidar acquisitions. This supplied a data set for constraining the uncertainty of upscaled lidar estimates of snow depth at the 1 km SNODAS resolution, resulting in a root-mean-square difference of 13 cm. Upscaled lidar snow depths were then compared to the SNODAS estimates over the entire study area for the dates of the lidar flights. The remotely sensed snow depths provided a more spatially continuous comparison data set and agreed more closely to the model estimates than that of the in situ measurements alone. Finally, the results revealed three distinct areas where the differences between lidar observations and SNODAS estimates were most drastic, providing insight into the causal influences of natural processes on model uncertainty. C1 [Hedrick, A.; Marshall, H. -P.] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Hedrick, A.; Winstral, A.] ARS, USDA, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Elder, K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Yueh, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cline, D.] NWS, NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM hedrick.ars@gmail.com OI Hedrick, Andrew/0000-0001-9511-1341 FU NASA [NNX10AO02G, NNX10AN30A]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5362-13610-008-00D] FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the researchers involved in the intensive ground-based measurement campaign during CLPX-2. The CLPX-2 lidar data sets were archived and maintained by Fugro Horizons, Inc. Daily SNODAS model runs from 2003 to the present day are archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. This research was funded in part by NASA grant #NNX10AO02G (NASA New Investigator Program), NASA grant #NNX10AN30A (NASA EPSCoR Program), and the USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5362-13610-008-00D: "Understanding Snow and Hydrologic Processes in Mountainous Terrain with a Changing Climate". NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.5194/tc-9-13-2015 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7NR UT WOS:000350555400002 ER PT J AU Schmitt, CG All, JD Schwarz, JP Arnott, WP Cole, RJ Lapham, E Celestian, A AF Schmitt, C. G. All, J. D. Schwarz, J. P. Arnott, W. P. Cole, R. J. Lapham, E. Celestian, A. TI Measurements of light-absorbing particles on the glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; BLACK CARBON; TROPICAL ANDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SNOW; AEROSOLS AB Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been rapidly losing mass since the 1970s. In addition to the documented increase in temperature, increases in light-absorbing particles deposited on glaciers could be contributing to the observed glacier loss. Here we report on measurements of light-absorbing particles sampled from glaciers during three surveys in the Cordillera Blanca Mountains in Peru. During three research expeditions in the dry seasons (May-August) of 2011, 2012 and 2013, 240 snow samples were collected from 15 mountain peaks over altitudes ranging from 4800 to nearly 6800 m. Several mountains were sampled each of the 3 years and some mountains were sampled multiple times during the same year. Collected snow samples were melted and filtered in the field then later analyzed using the Light Absorption Heating Method (LAHM), a new technique that measures the ability of particles on filters to absorb visible light. LAHM results have been calibrated using filters with known amounts of fullerene soot, a common industrial surrogate for black carbon (BC). As sample filters often contain dust in addition to BC, results are presented in terms of effective black carbon (eBC). During the 2013 survey, snow samples were collected and kept frozen for analysis with a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Calculated eBC mass from the LAHM analysis and the SP2 refractory black carbon (rBC) results were well correlated (r(2) = 0.92). These results indicate that a substantial portion of the light-absorbing particles in the more polluted regions were likely BC. The 3 years of data show that glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca Mountains close to human population centers have substantially higher levels of eBC (as high as 70 ng g(-1)) than remote glaciers (as low as 2.0 ng g(-1) eBC), indicating that population centers can influence local glaciers by sourcing BC. C1 [Schmitt, C. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schmitt, C. G.; All, J. D.; Cole, R. J.; Lapham, E.] Amer Climber Sci Program, Eldora, CO USA. [All, J. D.; Celestian, A.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Arnott, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cole, R. J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schmitt, CG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM schmittc@ucar.edu RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.5194/tc-9-331-2015 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CC7NR UT WOS:000350555400023 ER PT J AU Asadieh, B Krakauer, NY AF Asadieh, B. Krakauer, N. Y. TI Global trends in extreme precipitation: climate models versus observations SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CARIBBEAN REGION; TEMPERATURE; INDEXES; CMIP5; VARIABILITY; ENSEMBLE; EVENTS; 20TH-CENTURY; SIMULATIONS AB Precipitation events are expected to become substantially more intense under global warming, but few global comparisons of observations and climate model simulations are available to constrain predictions of future changes in precipitation extremes. We present a systematic global-scale comparison of changes in historical (1901-2010) annual-maximum daily precipitation between station observations (compiled in HadEX2) and the suite of global climate models contributing to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We use both parametric and non-parametric methods to quantify the strength of trends in extreme precipitation in observations and models, taking care to sample them spatially and temporally in comparable ways. We find that both observations and models show generally increasing trends in extreme precipitation since 1901, with the largest changes in the deep tropics. Annual-maximum daily precipitation (Rx1day) has increased faster in the observations than in most of the CMIP5 models. On a global scale, the observational annual-maximum daily precipitation has increased by an average of 5.73mm over the last 110 years, or 8.5% in relative terms. This corresponds to an increase of 10% K-1 in global warming since 1901, which is larger than the average of climate models, with 8.3% K-1. The average rate of increase in extreme precipitation per K of warming in both models and observations is higher than the rate of increase in atmospheric water vapor content per K of warming expected from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. We expect our findings to help inform assessments of precipitation-related hazards such as flooding, droughts and storms. C1 [Asadieh, B.] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Asadieh, B (reprint author), CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM basadie00@citymail.cuny.edu RI Asadieh, Behzad/M-5731-2015 OI Asadieh, Behzad/0000-0002-3606-2575 FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funding agency or the US government. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2015 VL 19 IS 2 BP 877 EP 891 DI 10.5194/hess-19-877-2015 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CC7OI UT WOS:000350557400015 ER PT J AU Price, C Black, KD Hargrave, BT Morris, JA AF Price, Carol Black, Kenneth D. Hargrave, Barry T. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Marine cage culture and the environment: effects on water quality and primary production SO AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review DE Marine aquaculture; Environmental impacts; Dissolved nutrients; Oxygen; Nitrate; Phosphorus; Harmful algal blooms; Mitigation strategies ID MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; SOUTHWESTERN NEW-BRUNSWICK; BUBBLE GENERATING-SYSTEM; BLUEFIN TUNA AQUACULTURE; FISH FARM; ATLANTIC SALMON; COASTAL WATERS AB Increasing human population and reliance on aquaculture for seafood will lead to expansion of the industry in the open ocean. To guide environmentally sustainable expansion, coastal stakeholders require tools to evaluate the risks that marine aquaculture poses and to craft science-based policies and practices which safeguard marine ecosystems. We summarized current knowledge regarding dissolved nutrient loading from marine fish farms around the world, direct impacts on water quality and secondary impacts on primary production, including formation of harmful algal blooms. We found that modern operating conditions have minimized impacts of individual fish farms on marine water quality. Effects on dissolved oxygen and turbidity are largely eliminated through better management. Nutrient enrichment of the near-field water column is not detectable beyond 100 m of a farm when formulated feeds are used, and feed waste is minimized. We highlight the role of siting fish farms in deep waters with sufficient current to disperse nutrients and prevent water quality impacts. We extensively discuss the potential for advances in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) to assimilate waste nutrients. Although modern farm management practices have decreased environmental effects of marine fish farms, we conclude that questions remain about the additive impacts of discharge from multiple farms potentially leading to increased primary production and eutrophication. Research results on secondary effects upon primary production are highly variable. In some locations, nutrient loading has little or no trophic impact, while at others there is evidence that nutrients are assimilated by primary producers. Research on far-field and regional processes, especially in intensively farmed areas and over longer time scales, will refine understanding of the full ecological role of fish farms in marine environments. C1 [Price, Carol; Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Black, Kenneth D.] SAMS, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. RP Price, C (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM carol.price@noaa.gov RI Black, Kenneth/A-7089-2010 OI Black, Kenneth/0000-0002-7626-2926 FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX This work was financially supported by the NOAA Fisheries Office of Aquaculture and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank our expert colleagues and the anonymous reviewers whose valuable contributions improved the manuscript. NR 179 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 14 U2 101 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1869-215X EI 1869-7534 J9 AQUACULT ENV INTERAC JI Aquac. Environ. Interact. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 2 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.3354/aei00122 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC7MW UT WOS:000350553000003 ER PT J AU Lang, BE Cole, KD AF Lang, Brian E. Cole, Kenneth D. TI Unfolding Properties of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin Products Are Due To Bioprocessing Steps SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE human serum albumin; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); recombinant proteins; biopharmaceutical; thermal unfolding; and thermodynamics ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-STABILITY; FATTY-ACIDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING-SITES; ACETYLTRYPTOPHANATE; STABILIZATION; CAPRYLATE; CHAIN; DSC AB We have used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the unfolding properties of commercial products of human serum albumin (HSA) prepared from pooled human blood, transgenic yeast, and transgenic rice. The initial melting temperatures (T-m1) for the unfolding transitions of the HSA products varied from 62 degrees C to 75 degrees C. We characterized the samples for purity, fatty acid content, and molecular weight. The effects of adding fatty acids, heat pasteurization, and a low pH defatting technique on the transition temperatures were measured. Defatted HSA has a structure with the lowest stability (T-m of approximate to 62 degrees C). When fatty acids are bound to HSA, the structure is stabilized (T-m of approximate to 64-72 degrees C), and prolonged heating (pasteurization at 60 degrees C) results in a heat-stabilized structural form containing fatty acids (T-m of approximate to 75-80 degrees C). This process was shown to be reversible by a low pH defatting step. This study shows that the fatty acid composition and bioprocessing history of the HSA commercial products results in the large differences in the thermal stability. (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:62-69, 2015 C1 [Lang, Brian E.; Cole, Kenneth D.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cole@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-7938 EI 1520-6033 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 31 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1002/btpr.1996 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA CC3KR UT WOS:000350247900009 PM 25270911 ER PT J AU Battista, T O'Brien, K AF Battista, Tim O'Brien, Kevin TI Spatially Prioritizing Seafloor Mapping for Coastal and Marine Planning SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Long Island Sound; mapping; prioritization; seafloor; spatial AB Coastal and marine areas provide vital services to support the economic, cultural, recreational, and ecological needs of human communities, but sustaining these benefits necessitates a balance between growing and often competing uses and activities. Minimizing coastal zone conflict and reducing human-induced impacts to ecological resources requires access to consistent spatial information on the distribution and condition of marine resources. Seafloor mapping provides a detailed and reliable spatial template on the structure of the seafloor that has become a core data need for many resource management strategies. The absence of detailed maps of the seafloor hinders the effectiveness of priority setting in marine policy, regulatory processes, and marine stewardship. For large management areas, the relatively high cost of seafloor mapping and limited management budgets requires careful spatial prioritization. In order to address this problem, a consensus based approach, aided by decision-support tools, and participatory geographic information systems (GIS), was implemented in Long Island Sound to spatially prioritize locations, define additional data collection efforts needed, and identify products needed to inform decision-making. The methodology developed has utility for other states and regions in need of spatially prioritizing activities for coastal planning, and organizations charged with providing geospatial services to communities with broad informational needs. C1 [Battista, Tim] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [O'Brien, Kevin] Connecticut Dept Energy & Environm Protect, Hartford, CT USA. RP Battista, T (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 East West Hwy,SSMC4,N SCI 1,Stn 9311, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tim.Battista@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2015 VL 43 IS 1 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.985177 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CC0TP UT WOS:000350050000002 ER PT J AU van der Hoop, JM Vanderlaan, ASM Cole, TVN Henry, AG Hall, L Mase-Guthrie, B Wimmer, T Moore, MJ AF van der Hoop, Julie M. Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M. Cole, Timothy V. N. Henry, Allison G. Hall, Lanni Mase-Guthrie, Blair Wimmer, Tonya Moore, Michael J. TI Vessel Strikes to Large Whales Before and After the 2008 Ship Strike Rule SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Whale; right whale; ship strike; speed limit; ocean management; ocean zoning; mortality ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; SCOTIAN SHELF; PROBABILITY; COLLISIONS; SPEED; RISK; ENCOUNTERS AB To determine effectiveness of Seasonal Management Areas (SMAs), introduced in 2008 on the U.S. East Coast to reduce lethal vessel strikes to North Atlantic right whales, we analyzed observed large whale mortality events from 1990-2012 in the geographic region of the Ship Strike Rule to identify changes in frequency, spatial distribution, and spatiotemporal interaction since implementation. Though not directly coincident with SMA implementation, right whale vessel-strike mortalities significantly declined from 2.0 (2000-2006) to 0.33 per year (2007-2012). Large whale vessel-strike mortalities have decreased inside active SMAs, and increased outside inactive SMAs. We detected no significant spatiotemporal interaction in the 4-year pre- or post-Rule periods, although a longer time series is needed to detect these changes. As designed, SMAs encompass only 36% of historical right whale vessel-strike mortalities, and 32% are outside managed space but within managed timeframes. We suggest increasing spatial coverage to improve the Rule's effectiveness. C1 [van der Hoop, Julie M.; Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Cole, Timothy V. N.; Henry, Allison G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hall, Lanni] NOAA, Fisheries Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Mase-Guthrie, Blair] NOAA, Fisheries Southeast Reg Off, Miami, FL 33701 USA. [Wimmer, Tonya] Nova Scotia Museum, Marine Anim Response Soc, Maritime Marine Anim Response Network, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP van der Hoop, JM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jvanderhoop@whoi.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; van der Hoop, Julie/0000-0003-2327-9000 FU North Pond Foundation; M. S. Worthington Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We are grateful for all the efforts of primary data generation and collection by the members of various stranding networks, the agencies therein, and their volunteers and donors. We thank M. Scott at ESRI for technical support, and anonymous reviewers for having greatly improved the manuscript. This project was funded by the North Pond Foundation and the M. S. Worthington Foundation. JvdH was supported by a Post-Graduate Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1111/conl.12105 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CC7JT UT WOS:000350544200003 ER PT J AU Comes, RB Siebein, K Lu, J Wolf, SA AF Comes, R. B. Siebein, K. Lu, J. Wolf, S. A. TI Microstructural effects of chemical island templating in patterned matrix-pillar oxide nanocomposites SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID WEBER THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; MAGNETOSTRICTION; GROWTH AB The ability to pattern the location of pillars in epitaxial matrix-pillar nanocomposites is a key challenge to develop future technologies using these intriguing materials. One such model system employs a ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) pillar embedded in a ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) matrix, which has been proposed as a possible memory or logic system. These composites self-assemble spontaneously with pillars forming through nucleation at a random location when grown via physical vapor deposition. Recent results have shown that if an island of the pillar material is pre-patterned on the substrate, it is possible to control the nucleation process and determine the locations where pillars form. In this work, we employ electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to examine the chemical composition and microstructure of patterned CFO-BFO nanocomposites. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy is used to examine the nucleation effects at the interface between the template island and resulting pillar. Evidence of grain boundaries and lattice tilting in the templated pillars is also presented and attributed to the microstructure of the seed island. C1 [Comes, R. B.; Lu, J.; Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Siebein, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wolf, S. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Comes, RB (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rcomes@virginia.edu RI Comes, Ryan/A-1957-2013 OI Comes, Ryan/0000-0002-5304-6921 FU Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, NSF [DMR-08-19762]; DARPA [HR-0011-10-1-0072]; Virginia Innovation Partnership (VIP); U.S. Department of Commerce's i6 Challenge; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX Research performed in part at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors would also like to thank Richard Kasica of NIST for assistance with electron-beam lithography for the patterned nanocomposite and Dr. Craig Johnson and Dr. Steven Spurgeon for helpful discussions of the results. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, NSF (DMR-08-19762) and DARPA (HR-0011-10-1-0072). SAW and JL also thank Virginia Innovation Partnership (VIP) funding as part of the U.S. Department of Commerce's i6 Challenge. RC also wishes to acknowledge funding from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2015 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2041 EP 2049 DI 10.1039/c5ce00025d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CC6AU UT WOS:000350447700020 ER PT J AU Lynch, PD Nye, JA Hare, JA Stock, CA Alexander, MA Scott, JD Curti, KL Drew, K AF Lynch, Patrick D. Nye, Janet A. Hare, Jonathan A. Stock, Charles A. Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. Curti, Kiersten L. Drew, Katherine TI Projected ocean warming creates a conservation challenge for river herring populations SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alewife; Alosa; bioclimatic envelope; blueback herring; climate change; diadromous; ecological niche; endangered species; fish; habitat suitability ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; MARINE FISH; ATLANTIC COAST; HABITAT MODELS; A-AESTIVALIS; ALEWIFE; ECOLOGY; CONNECTIVITY AB The term river herring collectively refers to alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis), two anadromous fishes distributed along the east coast of North America. Historically, river herring spawning migrations supported important fisheries, and their spawning runs continue to be of cultural significance to many coastal communities. Recently, substantial declines in spawning run size prompted a petition to consider river herring for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA status review process requires an evaluation of a species' response to multiple stressors, including climate change. For anadromous species that utilize a range of habitats throughout their life cycle, the response to a changing global climate is inherently complex and likely varies regionally. River herring occupy marine habitat for most of their lives, and we demonstrate that their relative abundance in the ocean has been increasing in recent years. We project potential effects of ocean warming along the US Atlantic coast on river herring in two seasons (spring and fall), and two future periods (2020-2060 and 2060-2100) by linking species distribution models to projected temperature changes from global climate models. Our analyses indicate that climate change will likely result in reductions in total suitable habitat across the study region, which will alter the marine distribution of river herring. We also project that density will likely decrease for both species in fall, but may increase in spring. Finally, we demonstrate that river herring may have increased sensitivity to climate change under a low abundance scenario. This result could be an important consideration for resource managers when planning for climate change because establishing effective conservation efforts in the near term may improve population resiliency and provide lasting benefits to river herring populations. C1 [Lynch, Patrick D.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Curti, Kiersten L.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Drew, Katherine] Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Lynch, PD (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM patrick.lynch@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NOAA Fisheries' FATE (Fisheries and the Environment) Program FX This study utilized a large quantity of data from many sources. For biological data, we are thankful to all those currently or previously affiliated with NOAA Fisheries' bottom trawl survey conducted at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and for temperature data, we thank the hard-working scientists in NOAA Fisheries Oceanography Branch. We sincerely appreciate comments from J. Manderson, K. Greene, J. Kocik, F. Serchuk, N. Shackell, and two anonymous reviewers on an earlier version, and we also thank A. Buchheister, R. Bell, D. Richardson, and J. Cournane. This work was funded by NOAA Fisheries' FATE (Fisheries and the Environment) Program. Acknowledgement of the above individuals does not imply their endorsement of this work; we have sole responsibility for this contribution. The views expressed herein are the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 374 EP 387 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu134 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2DC UT WOS:000350154300007 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Jensen, OP Hilborn, R AF Thorson, James T. Jensen, Olaf P. Hilborn, Ray TI Probability of stochastic depletion: an easily interpreted diagnostic for stock assessment modelling and fisheries management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autocorrelated recruitment; fishery collapse; management strategy evaluation; multiannual plan; rebuilding plan; recruitment variability; stationary distribution of abundance; stochastic depletion ID LIFE-HISTORY; GLOBAL FISHERIES; MARINE FISHES; REGIME SHIFTS; RECRUITMENT; DYNAMICS; COLLAPSE; CLIMATE; GROWTH; POPULATIONS AB Marine fish populations have high variation in cohort strength, and the production of juveniles (recruitment) may have persistent positive or negative residuals (autocorrelation) after accounting for spawning biomass. Autocorrelated recruitment will occur whenever average recruitment levels change between oceanographic regimes or due to predator release, but mayalso indicate persistent environmental and biological effects on shorter time-scales. Here, we use estimates of recruitment variability and autocorrelation to simulate the stationary distribution of spawning biomass for 100 real-world stocks when unfished, fished at F-MSY, or fished following a harvest control rule where fishing mortality decreases as a function of spawning biomass. Results show that unfished stocks have spawning biomass (SB) below its deterministic equilibrium value (SB0) 58% of the time, and below 0.5SB(0) 5% of the time on average across all stocks. Similarly, stocks fished at the level producing deterministic maximum sustainable yield (F-MSY) are below its deterministic prediction of spawning biomass (SBMSY) 60% of the time and below 0.5SB(MSY) 8% of the time. These probabilities are greater for stocks with high recruitment variability, positive autocorrelation, and high natural mortality-traits that are particularly associated with clupeids and scombrids. An elevated probability of stochastic depletion, i.e. biomass below the deterministic equilibrium expectation, implies that management actions required when biomass drops below a threshold may be triggered more frequently than expected. Therefore, we conclude by suggesting that fisheries scientists routinely calculate these probabilities during stock assessments as a decision support tool for fisheries managers. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu127 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2DC UT WOS:000350154300011 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Cooper, DW Duffy-Anderson, JT Farley, EV AF Hurst, Thomas P. Cooper, Daniel W. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Farley, Edward V. TI Contrasting coastal and shelf nursery habitats of Pacific cod in the southeastern Bering Sea SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; habitat; juvenile; nursery; pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; STAFF BEAM TRAWL; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; LIFE-HISTORY; JUVENILE COD; ALASKA; FISH; PATTERNS AB Shallow, subtidal waters of coastal embayments are the primary nursery habitats of juvenile Pacific cod through much of their range. However, the importance of these habitats to the Bering Sea population is poorly understood as the Bering Sea offers relatively little of this habitat. In this study, we examined the use of demersal and pelagic habitats in the southeast Bering Sea by age-0 Pacific cod. In 4 years of demersal beam trawling on the shelf at depths of 20-146 m, fish were most abundant along the Alaska Peninsula (AKP) at depths to 50 m. In addition, 1 year of spatially intensive beam trawl sampling was conducted at depths of 5-30 m in a nearshore focal area along the central AKP. In this survey, age-0 cod were more abundant along the open coastline than they were in two coastal embayments, counter to patterns observed in the Gulf of Alaska. Demersal sampling in 2012 was conducted synoptically with surveys of surface and subsurface waters over the continental shelf. Age-0 cod were captured in pelagic waters over the middle and outer shelf, with maximum catches occurring over depths of 60-80 m. The similar size distributions of fish in coastal-demersal and shelf-surface habitats and the proximity of concentrations in the two habitat types suggests that habitat use in the Bering Sea occurs along a gradient from coastal to pelagic. While capture efficiencies may differ among trawl types, trawl-based estimates of age-0 cod density in demersal waters along the AKP was 10 times that observed in the highest density pelagic-shelf habitats, demonstrating the importance of coastal nursery habitats in this population. Despite representing a much smaller habitat area, the coastal waters along the AKP appear an important nursery area and support a significant fraction of the age-0 Pacific cod in the Bering Sea. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cooper, Daniel W.; Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Hatfield, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov FU NMFS Alaska Regional Office; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Productivity Program FX We thank A. Stoner and the crews of the FV Bountiful and NOAA Oscar Dyson and Miller Freeman for sampling assistance. M. Briski, and the staff of Peter Pan Seafoods, and R. Murphy of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game provided logistical assistance with sampling in the nearshore focal area. C. Hines and M. Ottmar provided laboratory assistance and M. Spencer prepared maps. This project was supported by a grant for Essential Fish Habitat Research from the NMFS Alaska Regional Office and by NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Productivity Program. B. Laurel, C. Ryer, J. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. This is contribution EcoFOCI-N810 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 72 IS 2 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu141 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2DC UT WOS:000350154300019 ER PT J AU Pritchett, JS Phinney, KW AF Pritchett, Jeanita S. Phinney, Karen W. TI Influence of Chemical Straightening on the Stability of Drugs of Abuse in Hair SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHETAMINE; METHAMPHETAMINE; ISSUES AB Chemical straightening, also known as a relaxer, is ubiquitously used among African American women to obtain straighter hair compared with their natural tresses. This study focused on the stability of drugs of abuse in hair after a single application of the relaxer. Commercially available 'Lye' or 'No-Lye' chemical straightening products (Silk Elements (TM)) were applied in vitro to drug-fortified hair (standard reference materials (SRM) 2379 and 2380) and hairs clipped from established drug users. Target analytes (cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BZE), cocaethylene (CE), phencyclidine and tetrahydrocannabinol) were isolated using solid-phase extraction and then analyzed with isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring. After either treatment, drug concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in both the SRM sample and the hair from authentic abusers. In the SRM groups, 6-67% of the original concentration remained after a single chemical treatment. Similarly, only 5-30% of the original concentration remained in authentic drug hairs that had formerly tested positive for COC, BZE and CE. C1 [Pritchett, Jeanita S.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pritchett, JS (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeanita.pritchett@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-4760 EI 1945-2403 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 39 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1093/jat/bku106 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA CC3BD UT WOS:000350218200002 PM 25298521 ER PT J AU Sung, L Stanley, D Gorham, JM Rabb, S Gu, XH Yu, LL Nguyen, T AF Sung, Lipiin Stanley, Deborah Gorham, Justin M. Rabb, Savelas Gu, Xiaohong Yu, Lee L. Tinh Nguyen TI A quantitative study of nanoparticle release from nanocoatings exposed to UV radiation SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFM; Degradation; ICP-OES; Nanocoatings; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticle release; Surface morphology; UV ID CARBON NANOTUBES; POTENTIAL RELEASE; NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANISMS; SCENARIOS; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; IRRADIATION; COMPOSITES; RISKS AB Nanoparticles are increasingly used in polymer coatings (i. e., nanocoatings) to improve multiple properties including the mechanical, electrical, gas barrier, and ultraviolet (UV) resistance of traditional coatings. These high performance nanocoatings are often used in outdoor environments. However, because polymers are susceptible to degradation by weathering elements, nanoparticles in a nanocoating may be released into the environment during its life cycle, which potentially poses an environmental health and safety concern and may hinder application of these advanced coatings. This study presents protocols and experimental technique to quantify the release of nanosilica from epoxy nanocoating as a function of UV exposure. Specimens of an epoxy coating containing 5% untreated nanosilica in specially designed holders were exposed to UV radiation (295-400 nm) in a well-controlled high-intensity UV chamber. Exposed specimens were removed at specified UV dose intervals for measurements of coating chemical degradation, mass loss, nanosilica accumulation on specimen surface, and nanosilica release as a function of UV dose. Measurement of nanosilica release was accomplished by (a) periodically spraying UV-exposed specimens with water, (b) collecting runoff water/released particles, and (c) analyzing collected solutions by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry using a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-developed protocol. Results demonstrated that the amount of nanosilica release was substantial and increased rapidly with UV dose. Mass loss, chemical degradation, and silica accumulation on specimen surface also increased with UV dose. C1 [Sung, Lipiin; Stanley, Deborah; Gorham, Justin M.; Rabb, Savelas; Gu, Xiaohong; Yu, Lee L.; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sung, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lipiin@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1945-9645 EI 1935-3804 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s11998-014-9620-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CC3JA UT WOS:000350242100009 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS Palmer, RM AF Cohl, Howard S. Palmer, Rebekah M. TI Fourier and Gegenbauer Expansions for a Fundamental Solution of Laplace's Equation in Hyperspherical Geometry SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fundamental solution; hypersphere; Fourier expansion; Gegenbauer expansion ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SPHERE; CONSTANT CURVATURE; CONTRACTIONS; SEPARATION; SPACE AB For a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on the R-radius d-dimensional hypersphere, we compute the azimuthal Fourier coefficients in closed form in two and three dimensions. We also compute the Gegenbauer polynomial expansion for a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation in hyperspherical geometry in geodesic polar coordinates. From this expansion in three-dimensions, we derive an addition theorem for the azimuthal Fourier coefficients of a fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on the 3-sphere. Applications of our expansions are given, namely closed-form solutions to Poisson's equation with uniform density source distributions. The Newtonian potential is obtained for the 2-disc on the 2-sphere and 3-ball and circular curve segment on the 3-sphere. Applications are also given to the superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb and isotropic oscillator potentials. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Palmer, Rebekah M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov; rmaepalmer4@gmail.com NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2015 VL 11 AR 015 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2015.015 PG 23 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CC7PU UT WOS:000350561300001 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, T Feingold, G AF Yamaguchi, T. Feingold, G. TI On the relationship between open cellular convective cloud patterns and the spatial distribution of precipitation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN CELLS; VOCALS-REX; AEROSOL; DRIZZLE; MODEL; MICROPHYSICS; ENTRAINMENT AB Precipitation is thought to be a necessary but insufficient condition for the transformation of stratocumulus-topped closed cellular convection to open cellular cumuliform convection. Here we test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of precipitation is a key element of the closed-to-open cell transition. A series of idealized 3-D simulations are conducted to evaluate the dependency of the transformation on the areal coverage of rain, and to explore the role of interactions between multiple rainy areas in the formation of the open cells. When rain is restricted to a small area, even substantial rain (order few mm day(-1)) does not result in a transition. With increasing areal coverage of the rain, the transition becomes possible provided that the rain rate is sufficiently large. When multiple small rain regions interact with each other, the transition occurs and spreads over a wider area, provided that the distance between the rain regions is short. When the distance between the rain areas is large, the transition eventually occurs, albeit slowly. For much longer distances between rain regions the system is anticipated to remain in a closed-cell state. These results suggest a connection to the recently hypothesized remote control of open-cell formation. Finally it is shown that this transition occurs along a consistent path in the phase space of the mean vs. coefficient of variation of the liquid water path, droplet number and optical depth. This could be used as a diagnostic tool for global analyses of the statistics of closed-and open-cell occurrence and transitions between them. C1 [Yamaguchi, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yamaguchi, T.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov RI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA; NSF FX This study is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. Thanks are due to C. Fairall for the W-band data and S. Yuter for the C-band data. The authors thank Jan Kazil for insightful discussions. T. Yamaguchi was supported by a NOAA and NSF funded Climate Process Team grant (V. Larson, PI). NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1237 EP 1251 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1237-2015 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IF UT WOS:000349799500007 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Evans, R McConville, G Manney, GL Rieder, HE AF Petropavlovskikh, I. Evans, R. McConville, G. Manney, G. L. Rieder, H. E. TI The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Nino-Southern Oscillation on mean and extreme values of column ozone over the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; WATER-VAPOR; PART 2; CLIMATE; TRENDS; CHEMISTRY; CIRCULATION AB Continuous measurements of total ozone (by Dobson spectrophotometers) across the contiguous United States began in the early 1960s. Here, we analyze temporal and spatial variability and trends in total ozone from the five US sites with long-term records. While similar long-term ozone changes are detected at all five sites, we find differences in the patterns of ozone variability on shorter timescales. In addition to standard evaluation techniques, STL-decomposition methods (Seasonal Trend decomposition of time series based on LOESS (LOcally wEighted Scatterplot Smoothing)) are used to address temporal variability and "fingerprints" of dynamical features in the Dobson data. Methods from statistical extreme value theory (EVT) are used to characterize days with high and low total ozone (termed EHOs and ELOs, respectively) at each station and to analyze temporal changes in the frequency of ozone extremes and their relationship to dynamical features such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. A comparison of the fingerprints detected in the frequency distribution of the extremes with those for standard metrics (i.e., the mean) shows that more fingerprints are found for the extremes, particularly for the positive phase of the NAO, at all five US monitoring sites. Results from the STL decomposition support the findings of the EVT analysis. Finally, we analyze the relative influence of low-and high-ozone events on seasonal mean column ozone at each station. The results show that the influence of ELOs and EHOs on seasonal mean column ozone can be as much as +/- 5 %, about as large as the overall long-term decadal ozone trends. C1 [Petropavlovskikh, I.; McConville, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Evans, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Rieder, H. E.] Graz Univ, Wegener Ctr Climate & Global Change, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Rieder, H. E.] Graz Univ, IGAM, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Rieder, H. E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016; OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769; Rieder, Harald/0000-0003-2705-0801 FU World Meteorological Organization FX The total ozone data were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) operated by Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization. Data files can be found on the WOUDC ftp server, ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/pub/woudc/Archive-NewFormat/TotalOzone_1.0_1/. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1585 EP 1598 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1585-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IF UT WOS:000349799500029 ER PT J AU Jonsson, BF Doney, S Dunne, J Bender, ML AF Jonsson, B. F. Doney, S. Dunne, J. Bender, M. L. TI Evaluating Southern Ocean biological production in two ocean biogeochemical models on daily to seasonal timescales using satellite chlorophyll and O-2/Ar observations SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; PARAMETERIZATION; LAYER; VARIABILITY; RATES AB We assess the ability of ocean biogeochemical models to represent seasonal structures in biomass and net community production (NCP) in the Southern Ocean. Two models are compared to observations on daily to seasonal timescales in four different sections of the region. We use daily satellite fields of chlorophyll (Chl) as a proxy for biomass and in situ observations of O-2 and Ar supersaturation (Delta O-2/Ar) to estimate NCP. Delta O-2/Ar is converted to the flux of biologically generated O-2 from sea to air (O-2 bioflux). All data are aggregated to a climatological year with a daily resolution. To account for potential regional differences within the Southern Ocean, we conduct separate analyses of sections south of South Africa, around the Drake Passage, south of Australia, and south of New Zealand. We find that the models simulate the upper range of Chl concentrations well, underestimate spring levels significantly, and show differences in skill between early and late parts of the growing season. While there is a great deal of scatter in the bioflux observations in general, the four sectors each have distinct patterns that the models pick up. Neither model exhibits a significant distinction between the Australian and New Zealand sectors and between the Drake Passage and African sectors. South of 60 degrees S, the models fail to predict the observed extent of biological O-2 undersaturation. We suggest that this shortcoming may be due either to problems with the ecosystem dynamics or problems with the vertical transport of oxygen. C1 [Jonsson, B. F.; Bender, M. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Doney, S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jonsson, BF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bjonsson@princeton.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NASA NNX08AF12G]; National Science Foundation [NSF OPP-0823101] FX This work was supported in part by funding from the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA NNX08AF12G) and the National Science Foundation (NSF OPP-0823101). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 681 EP 695 DI 10.5194/bg-12-681-2015 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA CB7FU UT WOS:000349793100003 ER PT J AU Forney, KA Becker, EA Foley, DG Barlow, J Oleson, EM AF Forney, Karin A. Becker, Elizabeth A. Foley, Dave G. Barlow, Jay Oleson, Erin M. TI Habitat-based models of cetacean density and distribution in the central North Pacific SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SITE FIDELITY; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; BEAKED-WHALE; MOVEMENTS; OCEAN; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE AB The central North Pacific Ocean includes diverse temperate and tropical pelagic habitats. Studies of the abundance and distribution of cetaceans within these dynamic marine ecosystems have generally been patchy or conducted at coarse spatial and temporal scales, limiting their utility for pelagic conservation planning. Habitat-based density models provide a tool for identifying pelagic areas of importance to cetaceans, because model predictions are spatially explicit. In this study, we present habitat-based models of cetacean density that were developed and validated for the central North Pacific. Spatial predictions of cetacean densities and measures of uncertainty were derived based on data collected during 15 large-scale shipboard cetacean and ecosystem assessment surveys conducted from 1997 to 2012. We developed generalized additive models using static and remotely sensed dynamic habitat variables, including distance to land, sea-surface temperature (SST), standard deviation of SST, surface chlorophyll concentration, seasurface height (SSH), and SSH root-mean-square variation. The resulting models, developed using new grid-based prediction methods, provide finer scale information on the distribution and density of cetaceans than previously available. Habitat-based abundance estimates around Hawaii are similar to those derived from standard line-transect analyses of the same data and provide enhanced spatial resolution to inform management and conservation of pelagic cetacean species. C1 [Forney, Karin A.; Becker, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Becker, Elizabeth A.] ManTech Int Corp, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Forney, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM karin.forney@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center FX This study would not have been possible without the dedication of the marine mammal observers, cruise leaders, and vessel crew who worked hard on surveys conducted over the 15 yr period collecting the data that we used here. Chief Scientists for the survey cruises included Tim Gerrodette, Lisa Ballance, and 2 of the co-authors (J. B. and E. M.O.). We thank Chip Johnson, Julie Rivers (US Pacific Fleet, US Navy) and Sean Hanser (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, US Navy), for providing us with the opportunity and funding to conduct this analysis. We also thank Jim Carretta and Scott Benson and 3 anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. Additional funding for this study was provided by NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. Surveys were conducted in accordance with institutional, national and international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research and/or the sampling of endangered species, and under the following permits: National Marine Fisheries Service, Nos. 774-1437, 14097, and 15240; State of Hawaii, No. SH2002-11, and Papa h. hanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, No. PMNM2010- 053 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.3354/esr00632 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CC0AK UT WOS:000349996800001 ER PT J AU Maunder, MN Piner, KR AF Maunder, Mark N. Piner, Kevin R. TI Contemporary fisheries stock assessment: many issues still remain SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE abundance; catchability; diagnostics; fisheries stock assessment; growth; natural mortality; recruitment; selectivity ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; IMPORTANCE RESAMPLING ALGORITHM; LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; MARINE FOOD WEBS; AT-AGE MODEL; NATURAL MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP; ASSESSMENT SCIENTISTS; FISH STOCKS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT AB Interpretation of data used in fisheries assessment and management requires knowledge of population (e.g. growth, natural mortality, and recruitment), fisheries (e.g. selectivity), and sampling processes. Without this knowledge, assumptions need to be made, either implicitly or explicitly based on the methods used. Incorrect assumptions can have a substantial impact on stock assessment results and management advice. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of these processes for most, if not all, stocks and even for processes that have traditionally been assumed to be well understood (e.g. growth and selectivity). We use information content of typical fisheries data that is informative about absolute abundance to illustrate some of the main issues in fisheries stock assessment. We concentrate on information about absolute abundance from indices of relative abundance combined with catch, and age and length-composition data and how the information depends on knowledge of population, fishing, and sampling processes. We also illustrate two recently developed diagnostic methods that can be used to evaluate the absolute abundance information content of the data. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons for the slowness of progress in fisheries stock assessment. C1 [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Maunder, MN (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mmaunder@iattc.org NR 106 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu015 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200002 ER PT J AU Deroba, JJ Butterworth, DS Methot, RD De Oliveira, JAA Fernandez, C Nielsen, A Cadrin, SX Dickey-Collas, M Legault, CM Ianelli, J Valero, JL Needle, CL O'Malley, JM Chang, YJ Thompson, GG Canales, C Swain, DP Miller, DCM Hintzen, NT Bertignac, M Ibaibarriaga, L Silva, A Murta, A Kell, LT de Moor, CL Parma, AM Dichmont, CM Restrepo, VR Ye, Y Jardim, E Spencer, PD Hanselman, DH Blaylock, J Mood, M Hulson, PJF AF Deroba, J. J. Butterworth, D. S. Methot, R. D., Jr. De Oliveira, J. A. A. Fernandez, C. Nielsen, A. Cadrin, S. X. Dickey-Collas, M. Legault, C. M. Ianelli, J. Valero, J. L. Needle, C. L. O'Malley, J. M. Chang, Y-J. Thompson, G. G. Canales, C. Swain, D. P. Miller, D. C. M. Hintzen, N. T. Bertignac, M. Ibaibarriaga, L. Silva, A. Murta, A. Kell, L. T. de Moor, C. L. Parma, A. M. Dichmont, C. M. Restrepo, V. R. Ye, Y. Jardim, E. Spencer, P. D. Hanselman, D. H. Blaylock, J. Mood, M. Hulson, P. -J. F. TI Simulation testing the robustness of stock assessment models to error: some results from the ICES strategic initiative on stock assessment methods SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE cross-test; model comparison; pseudo data; self-test; time-series analysis; vpa ID AT-AGE ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; NATURAL MORTALITY; PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY; FISHERY AB The World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods (July 2013) included a workshop on testing assessment methods through simulations. The exercise was made up of two steps applied to datasets from 14 representative fish stocks from around the world. Step 1 involved applying stock assessments to datasets with varying degrees of effort dedicated to optimizing fit. Step 2 was applied to a subset of the stocks and involved characteristics of given model fits being used to generate pseudo-data with error. These pseudo-data were then provided to assessment modellers and fits to the pseudo-data provided consistency checks within (self-tests) and among (cross-tests) assessment models. Although trends in biomass were often similar across models, the scaling of absolute biomass was not consistent across models. Similar types of models tended to perform similarly (e.g. age based or production models). Self-testing and cross-testing of models are a useful diagnostic approach, and suggested that estimates in the most recent years of time-series were the least robust. Results from the simulation exercise provide a basis for guidance on future large-scale simulation experiments and demonstrate the need for strategic investments in the evaluation and development of stock assessment methods. C1 [Deroba, J. J.; Legault, C. M.] NOAA NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Butterworth, D. S.; de Moor, C. L.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, Marine Resource Assessment & Management Grp MARAM, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Methot, R. D., Jr.; Ianelli, J.; Thompson, G. G.; Spencer, P. D.] NOAA NMFS, Seattle, WA USA. [De Oliveira, J. A. A.] Lowestoft Lab, Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [Fernandez, C.; Dickey-Collas, M.] ICES, Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Nielsen, A.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Cadrin, S. X.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA USA. [Dickey-Collas, M.; Miller, D. C. M.] Wageningen Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studie, NL-1976 Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Valero, J. L.] CAPAM, La Jolla, CA USA. [Needle, C. L.] Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [O'Malley, J. M.] NOAA NMFS, Honolulu, HI USA. [Chang, Y-J.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Canales, C.] Inst Fomento Pesquero IFOP, Valparaiso, Chile. [Swain, D. P.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. [Hintzen, N. T.] Wageningen UR, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Bertignac, M.] IFREMER, Unite Sci & Technol Halieut, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Ibaibarriaga, L.] AZTI Tecnalia, Marine Res Div, E-48395 Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain. [Silva, A.; Murta, A.] IPMA Inst Portugues Mar & Atmosfera, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Kell, L. T.] ICCAT Secretariat, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Parma, A. M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chugut, Argentina. [Dichmont, C. M.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Queensland Biosci Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Restrepo, V. R.] Int Seafood Sustainabil Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Ye, Y.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Jardim, E.] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Hanselman, D. H.; Hulson, P. -J. F.] NOAA NMFS, Juneau, AK USA. [Blaylock, J.; Mood, M.] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA USA. RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov RI Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008; OI Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst237 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200003 ER PT J AU Ono, K Licandeo, R Muradian, ML Cunningham, CJ Anderson, SC Hurtado-Ferro, F Johnson, KF McGilliard, CR Monnahan, CC Szuwalski, CS Valero, JL Vert-Pre, KA Whitten, AR Punt, AE AF Ono, Kotaro Licandeo, Roberto Muradian, Melissa L. Cunningham, Curry J. Anderson, Sean C. Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe Johnson, Kelli F. McGilliard, Carey R. Monnahan, Cole C. Szuwalski, Cody S. Valero, Juan L. Vert-Pre, Katyana A. Whitten, Athol R. Punt, Andre E. TI The importance of length and age composition data in statistical age-structured models for marine species SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE age and length composition data; cod; fisheries modelling; flatfish; sardine; simulation testing; stock assessment; Stock Synthesis; survey information ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; MORTALITY-RATES; CATCH; MANAGEMENT; FISH; AUSTRALIA; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; POINTS; SAMPLE AB Management of marine resources depends on the assessment of stock status in relation to established reference points. However, many factors contribute to uncertainty in stock assessment outcomes, including data type and availability, life history, and exploitation history. A simulation-estimation framework was used to examine the level of bias and accuracy in assessment model estimates related to the quality and quantity of length and age composition data across three life-history types (cod-, flatfish-, and sardine-like species) and three fishing scenarios. All models were implemented in Stock Synthesis, a statistical age-structured stock assessment framework. In general, the value of age composition data in informing estimates of virgin recruitment (R-0), relative spawning-stock biomass (SSB100/SSB0), and terminal year fishing mortality rate (F-100), decreased as the coefficient of variation of the relationship between length and age became greater. For this reason, length data were more informative than age data for the cod and sardine life histories in this study, whereas both sources of information were important for the flatfish life history. Historical composition data were more important for short-lived, fast-growing species such as sardine. Infrequent survey sampling covering a longer period was more informative than frequent surveys covering a shorter period. C1 [Ono, Kotaro; Cunningham, Curry J.; Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe; Johnson, Kelli F.; McGilliard, Carey R.; Szuwalski, Cody S.; Valero, Juan L.; Vert-Pre, Katyana A.; Whitten, Athol R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Licandeo, Roberto] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, AERL, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ4, Canada. [Muradian, Melissa L.; Monnahan, Cole C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [McGilliard, Carey R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Study Atmosphere & Ocean,Natl Marine Fisheri, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Valero, Juan L.] CAPAM, La Jolla, CA USA. [Vert-Pre, Katyana A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ono, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kotarono@uw.edu FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement [NA10OAR4320148]; Conicyt; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [13120111-Q]; Fulbright Canada; NSERC FX This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2193 and 2195. RL was supported by Conicyt. MLM was funded by Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, grant 13120111-Q. SCA was supported by Fulbright Canada and NSERC. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Shijie Zhou for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript and Richard Methot, Jim Ianelli, and Ian Taylor (NOAA Fisheries) for discussions and advice. This research addresses the good practices in stock assessment modelling program of the Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM). NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu007 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200004 ER PT J AU Hamel, OS AF Hamel, Owen S. TI A method for calculating a meta-analytical prior for the natural mortality rate using multiple life history correlates SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE fish; Gunderson; Hoenig; Jensen; McCoy and Gillooly; meta-analysis; natural mortality rate; Pauly; prediction interval; prior distribution; stock assessment ID FISH STOCKS; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; AGE VALIDATION; METABOLIC-RATE; WEST-COAST; TRADE-OFF; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB The natural mortality rate M is an important parameter for understanding population dynamics, and is extraordinarily difficult to estimate for many fish species. The uncertainty associated with M translates into increased uncertainty in fishery stock assessments. Estimation of M within a stock assessment model is complicated by its confounding with other life history and fishery parameters which are also uncertain, some of which are typically estimated within the model. Ageing error and variation in growth, which may not be fully modelled, can also affect estimation of M, as can various assumptions, including the form of the stock-recruitment function (e.g. Beverton-Holt, Ricker) and the level of compensation (or steepness), which may be fixed (or limited by a prior) in the model. To avoid these difficulties, stock assessors often assume point estimates for M derived from meta-analytical relationships between M and more easily measured life history characteristics, such as growth rate or longevity. However, these relationships depend on estimates of M for a great number of species, and those estimates are also subject to errors and biases (as are, to a lesser extent, the other life history parameters). Therefore, at the very least, some measure of uncertainty in M should be calculated and used for evaluating uncertainty in stock assessments and management strategy evaluations. Given error-free data on M and the covariate(s) for a meta-analysis, prediction intervals would provide the appropriate measure of uncertainty in M. In contrast, if the relationship between the covariate(s) and M is exact and the only error is in the estimates of M used for the meta-analysis, confidence intervals would appropriate. Using multiple published meta-analyses of M's relationship with various life history correlates, and beginning with the uncertainty interval calculations, I develop a method for creating combined priors for M for use in stock assessment. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hamel, OS (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM owen.hamel@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu131 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200007 ER PT J AU Hurtado-Ferro, F Szuwalski, CS Valero, JL Anderson, SC Cunningham, CJ Johnson, KF Licandeo, R McGilliard, CR Monnahan, CC Muradian, ML Ono, K Vert-Pre, KA Whitten, AR Punt, AE AF Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe Szuwalski, Cody S. Valero, Juan L. Anderson, Sean C. Cunningham, Curry J. Johnson, Kelli F. Licandeo, Roberto McGilliard, Carey R. Monnahan, Cole C. Muradian, Melissa L. Ono, Kotaro Vert-Pre, Katyana A. Whitten, Athol R. Punt, Andre E. TI Looking in the rear-view mirror: bias and retrospective patterns in integrated, age-structured stock assessment models SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE bias; fisheries stock assessment; integrated analysis; retrospective patterns; simulation; statistical age-structured models ID SEQUENTIAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; FISH; MANAGEMENT AB Retrospective patterns are systematic changes in estimates of population size, or other assessment model-derived quantities, that occur as additional years of data are added to, or removed from, a stock assessment. These patterns are an insidious problem, and can lead to severe errors when providing management advice. Here, we use a simulation framework to show that temporal changes in selectivity, natural mortality, and growth can induce retrospective patterns in integrated, age-structured models. We explore the potential effects on retrospective patterns of catch history patterns, as well as model misspecification due to not accounting for time-varying biological parameters and selectivity. We show that non-zero values for Mohn's rho(a common measure for retrospective patterns) can be generated even where there is no model misspecification, but the magnitude of Mohn's rho tends to be lower when the model is not misspecified. The magnitude and sign of Mohn's rho differed among life histories, with different life histories reacting differently from each type of temporal change. The value of Mohn's rho is not related to either the sign or magnitude of bias in the estimate of terminal year biomass. We propose a rule of thumb for values of Mohn's rho which can be used to determine whether a stock assessment shows a retrospective pattern. C1 [Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe; Szuwalski, Cody S.; Cunningham, Curry J.; Johnson, Kelli F.; Ono, Kotaro; Whitten, Athol R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Szuwalski, Cody S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Valero, Juan L.] Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Anderson, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Licandeo, Roberto] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [McGilliard, Carey R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst, Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA,Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheri, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Monnahan, Cole C.; Muradian, Melissa L.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vert-Pre, Katyana A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hurtado-Ferro, F (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM fhurtado@uw.edu FU Washington SeaGrant fellowship; Conicyt; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [13120111-Q]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements [NA10OAR4320148]; World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods travel bursary; Fulbright Canada; NSERC; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research infrastructure grant [R24 HD042828] FX The authors thank Chris Legault and one anonymous reviewer for their invaluable comments and suggestions. CSS was supported by a Washington SeaGrant fellowship. RRL was supported by Conicyt. MLM was funded by Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, grant 13120111-Q. AEP, KFJ, KO, CCM, and CRM were partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2194, respectively. KFJ was partially supported for this work under a World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods travel bursary. SCA was supported by Fulbright Canada and NSERC. Partial support for this research came from a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research infrastructure grant, R24 HD042828, to the Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology at the University of Washington. This research addresses the good practices in stock assessment modelling program of the Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM). NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu198 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200011 ER PT J AU Johnson, KF Monnahan, CC McGilliard, CR Vert-pre, KA Anderson, SC Cunningham, CJ Hurtado-Ferro, F Licandeo, RR Muradian, ML Ono, K Szuwalski, CS Valero, JL Whitten, AR Punt, AE AF Johnson, Kelli F. Monnahan, Cole C. McGilliard, Carey R. Vert-pre, Katyana A. Anderson, Sean C. Cunningham, Curry J. Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe Licandeo, Roberto R. Muradian, Melissa L. Ono, Kotaro Szuwalski, Cody S. Valero, Juan L. Whitten, Athol R. Punt, A. E. TI Time-varying natural mortality in fisheries stock assessment models: identifying a default approach SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE model misspecification; natural mortality; population models; reference points; simulation; Stock Synthesis; time-varying ID EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; AT-AGE ANALYSIS; FISH STOCKS; JASUS-EDWARDSII; NORTHERN COD; MARINE FISH; CATCH AB Atypical assumption used inmost fishery stock assessments is that natural mortality (M) is constant across time and age. However, M is rarely constant in reality as a result of the combined impacts of exploitation history, predation, environmental factors, and physiological trade-offs. Misspecification or poor estimation of M can lead to bias in quantities estimated using stock assessment methods, potentially resulting in biased estimates of fishery reference points and catch limits, with the magnitude of bias being influenced by life history and trends in fishing mortality. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the ability of statistical age-structured population models to estimate spawning-stock biomass, fishing mortality, and total allowable catch when the true M was age-invariant, but time-varying. Configurations of the stock assessment method, implemented in Stock Synthesis, included a single age-and time-invariant M parameter, specified at one of the three levels (high, medium, and low) or an estimated M. The min-max (i.e. most robust) approach to specifying M when it is thought to vary across time was to estimate M. The least robust approach for most scenarios examined was to fix M at a high value, suggesting that the consequences of misspecifying M are asymmetric. C1 [Johnson, Kelli F.; Vert-pre, Katyana A.; Cunningham, Curry J.; Hurtado-Ferro, Felipe; Ono, Kotaro; Szuwalski, Cody S.; Valero, Juan L.; Whitten, Athol R.; Punt, A. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Monnahan, Cole C.; Muradian, Melissa L.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGilliard, Carey R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McGilliard, Carey R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst, Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vert-pre, Katyana A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Anderson, Sean C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Licandeo, Roberto R.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Valero, Juan L.] Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Johnson, KF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kfjohns@uw.edu FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148]; World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods travel bursary; Fullbright Canada; NSERC; Washington Sea Grant; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [13120111-Q]; CONICYT; Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R24 HD042828] FX This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2194. KFJ was partially supported for this work under a World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods travel bursary. SCA was supported by Fullbright Canada and NSERC. CSS was partially supported for this work by Washington Sea Grant. MLM was funded by Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, grant 13120111-Q. RRL was supported for this work by CONICYT. Partial support for this research came from a Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research infrastructure grant, R24 HD042828, to the Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology at the University of Washington. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu055 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200015 ER PT J AU Goethel, DR Legault, CM Cadrin, SX AF Goethel, Daniel R. Legault, Christopher M. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Demonstration of a spatially explicit, tag-integrated stock assessment model with application to three interconnected stocks of yellowtail flounder off of New England SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE AD model builder; movement; New England groundfish; population dynamics; spatial modelling; stock assessment; tagging; yellowtail flounder ID AGE-STRUCTURED MODEL; CATCH-AT-AGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH POPULATION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; TAGGING DATA; CONSEQUENCES; MOVEMENT; SEA AB Ignoring population structure and connectivity in stock assessment models can introduce bias into important management metrics. Tag-integrated assessment models can account for spatially explicit population dynamics by modelling multiple population components, each with unique demographics, and estimating movement among them. A tagging submodel is included to calculate predicted tag recaptures, and observed tagging data are incorporated in the objective function to inform estimates of movement and mortality. We describe the tag-integrated assessment framework and demonstrate its use through an application to three stocks of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) off New England. Movement among the three yellowtail flounder stocks has been proposed as a potential source of uncertainty in the closed population assessments of each. A tagging study was conducted during 2003-2006 with over 45 000 tagged fish released in the region, and the tagging data were included in the tag-integrated model. Results indicated that movement among stocks was low, estimates of stock size and fishing mortality were similar to those from conventional stock assessments, and incorporating stock connectivity did not resolve residual patterns. Despite low movement estimates, new interpretations of regional stock dynamics may have important implications for regional fisheries management given the source-sink nature of movement estimates. C1 [Goethel, Daniel R.; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Legault, Christopher M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Goethel, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. EM dgoethel@umassd.edu OI Goethel, Daniel/0000-0003-0066-431X FU Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute; NOAA/Sea Grant Population Dynamics fellowship FX We would like to thank Fred Serchuk and four anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. The findings of this manuscript were presented at the ICES "World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods". We would like to thank the conveners for organizing the meeting and putting together the special journal volume, which we are proud to have our work be a part. Funding for this research was provided by the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Institute and a NOAA/Sea Grant Population Dynamics fellowship. DRG would also like to acknowledge his other committee members, Brian Rothschild and Geoff Cowles, for their insight and comments. Development of the tag-integrated framework was strongly influenced by Terry Quinn during his sabbatical at UMASS-Dartmouth. Many others have provided insight into model development and coding: Mark Maunder, Jim Ianelli, Rick Methot, Larry Alade, Lisa Kerr, Larry Jacobsen, Liz Brooks, Cate O'Keefe, and Saang-Yoon Hyun. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 164 EP 177 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu014 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200017 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Hicks, AC Methot, RD AF Thorson, James T. Hicks, Allan C. Methot, Richard D. TI Random effect estimation of time-varying factors in Stock Synthesis SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE Bayesian; hierarchical model; Laplace approximation; maximum likelihood; mixed effect; penalized likelihood; random effect; recruitment; stock assessment; time-varying parameter ID STATE-SPACE LIKELIHOODS; AD MODEL BUILDER; AT-AGE MODELS; BAYESIAN METHODS; SERIES; UNCERTAINTY; RECRUITMENT; ASSESSMENTS; FRAMEWORK; BUGS AB Biological processes such as fishery selectivity, natural mortality, and somatic growth can vary over time, but it is challenging to estimate the magnitude of time-variation of demographic parameters in population dynamics models, particularly when using penalized-likelihood estimation approaches. Random-effect approaches can estimate the variance, but are computationally infeasible or not implemented for many models and software packages. We show that existing models and software based on penalized-likelihood can be used to calculate the Laplace approximation to the marginal likelihood of parameters representing variability over time, and specifically demonstrate this approach via application to Stock Synthesis. Using North Sea cod and Pacific hake models as case studies, we show that this method has little bias in estimating variances for simulated data. It also provides a similar estimate of variability in hake recruitment (log-SD = 1.43) to that obtained from Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods (log-SD = 1.68), and the method estimates a non-trivial magnitude (log-SD = 0.07) of variation in growth for North Sea cod. We conclude by discussing the generality of the proposed method and by recommending future research regarding its performance relative to MCMC, particularly when estimating multiple variances simultaneously. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Hicks, Allan C.; Methot, Richard D.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst211 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200018 ER PT J AU Berkson, J Thorson, JT AF Berkson, Jim Thorson, James T. TI The determination of data-poor catch limits in the United States: is there a better way? SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries CY JUL, 2013 CL Boston, MA DE annual catch limits; catch-only data; data-poor stocks; management procedures; stock assessment; United States ID LENGTH-BASED ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; CONTROL-RULE; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; SITUATIONS; MORTALITY AB Methods for determining appropriate management actions for data-poor stocks, including annual catch limits (ACLs), have seen an explosion of research interest in the past decade. We perform an inventory of methods for determining ACLs for stocks in the United States, and find that ACLs are assigned to 371 stocks and/or stock complexes with 193 (52%) determined using methods involving catch data only. The proportion of ACLs involving these methods varies widely among fisheries management regions, with all the 67 ACLs in the Caribbean determined using recent catch when compared with 1 of 33 ACLs in the New England region (US Northeast). Given this prevalence of data-poor ACLs, we recommend additional research regarding the potential effectiveness of simple management procedures for data-poor stocks that are currently managed using ACLs. In particular, simple management procedures may allow a broader range of data types and management instruments that better suit the particulars of individual regions and stocks. C1 [Berkson, Jim] Univ Florida, RTR Program, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,NOAA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Berkson, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, RTR Program, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,NOAA, POB 110240, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jim.berkson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 1 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu085 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CC2CT UT WOS:000350153200024 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Qu, JJ Liu, YQ Hao, XJ Huang, CQ Zhan, XW AF Zhang, Rui Qu, John J. Liu, Yongqiang Hao, Xianjun Huang, Chengquan Zhan, Xiwu TI Detection of burned areas from mega-fires using daily and historical MODIS surface reflectance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; TIME-SERIES; ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT; INDEXES; IMAGERY; TRENDS AB The detection and mapping of burned areas from wildland fires is one of the most important approaches for evaluating the impacts of fire events. In this study, a novel burned area detection algorithm for rapid response applications using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 500 m surface reflectance data was developed. Spectra from bands 5 and 6, the composite indices of the Normalized Burn Ratio, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were employed as indicators to discover burned pixels. Historical statistical data were used to provide pre-fire baseline information. Differences in the current (post-fire) and historical (pre-fire) data were input into a support vector machine classifier, and the fire-affected pixels were detected and mapped by the support vector machine classification process. Compared with the existing MODIS level 3 monthly burned area product MCD45, the new algorithm is able to generate burned area maps on a daily basis when new data become available, which is more applicable to rapid response scenarios when major fire incidents occur. The algorithm was tested in three mega-fire cases that occurred in the continental USA. The experimental results were validated against the fire perimeter database generated by the Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination Group and were compared with the MCD45 product. The validation results indicated that the algorithm was effective in detecting burned areas caused by mega-fires. C1 [Zhang, Rui; Huang, Chengquan] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qu, John J.; Hao, Xianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Global Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Liu, Yongqiang] USDA Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhan, Xiwu] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zhangrui@umd.edu RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Hao, Xianjun/F-7253-2016; Hao, Xianjun/C-9543-2011 OI Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839; Hao, Xianjun/0000-0002-8186-6839 FU USA Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 11172] FX This study was supported by the USA Joint Fire Science Program [Agreement No. JFSP 11172]. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2015 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1187 DI 10.1080/01431161.2015.1007256 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CB9XN UT WOS:000349987700012 ER PT J AU Goes, M Goni, G Dong, SF AF Goes, Marlos Goni, Gustavo Dong, Shenfu TI An optimal XBT-based monitoring system for the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 34 degrees S SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE meridional overturning circulation; South Atlantic; XBT transect; optimal design ID OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; ALTIMETER DATA; VARIABILITY; WATER; MODEL; EXCHANGE AB The South Atlantic is an important pathway for the interbasin exchanges of heat and freshwater with strong influence on the global meridional overturning stability and variability. Along the 34 degrees S parallel, a quarterly, high-resolution XBT transect (AX18) samples the temperature structure in the upper ocean. The AX18 transect has been shown to be a useful component of a meridional overturning monitoring system of the region. However, a feasible, cost-effective design for an XBT-based system has not yet been developed. Here we use a high-resolution ocean assimilation product to simulate an XBT-based observational system across the South Atlantic. The sensitivity of the meridional heat transport, meridional overturning circulation, and geostrophic velocities to key observational and methodological assumptions is studied. Key assumptions taken into account are horizontal and temporal sampling of the transect, salinity, and deep temperature inference, as well as the level of reference for geostrophic velocities. With the current sampling strategy, the largest errors in the meridional overturning and heat transport estimations are the reference (barotropic) velocity and the western boundary resolution. We show how altimetry can be used along with hydrography to resolve the barotropic component of the flow. We use the results obtained by the state estimation under observational assumptions to make recommendations for potential improvements in the AX18 transect implementation. C1 [Goes, Marlos; Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33132 USA. [Goes, Marlos; Goni, Gustavo; Dong, Shenfu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Goes, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33132 USA. EM marlos.goes@noaa.gov RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The data used in this study are available in the following websites: the model assimilation runs at www.hycom.org, WOA05 temperature data at www.nodc.noaa. gov/OC5/WOA05/woa05data.html, AX18 transect data at www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/hdenxbt/ax_home.php?ax=18, and SLA data at www.aviso.com. The authors want to thank Joe Metzger for providing the GLBa0.08/74.2 simulation output, Molly Baringer for scientific discussions, Johanna Baher for help with the AMOC reconstruction calculations, and the ship companies for carrying out the AX18 cruises as part of the Ships of Opportunity project. This research was accomplished under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement NA17RJ1226, and was partly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 161 EP 181 DI 10.1002/2014JC010202 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CB8OP UT WOS:000349890000011 ER PT J AU Hogg, AM Meredith, MP Chambers, DP Abrahamsen, EP Hughes, CW Morrison, AK AF Hogg, Andrew McC. Meredith, Michael P. Chambers, Don P. Abrahamsen, E. Povl Hughes, Chris W. Morrison, Adele K. TI Recent trends in the Southern Ocean eddy field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Southern Ocean Eddies ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DRAKE PASSAGE; ANNULAR MODE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND STRESS; TRANSPORT; EDDIES; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY AB Eddies in the Southern Ocean act to moderate the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to changes in forcing. An updated analysis of the Southern Ocean satellite altimetry record indicates an increase in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in recent decades, contemporaneous with a probable decrease in ACC transport. The EKE trend is largest in the Pacific (14.94.1 cm(2) s(-2) per decade) and Indian (18.35.1 cm(2) s(-2) per decade) sectors of the Southern Ocean. We test the hypothesis that variations in wind stress can account for the observed EKE trends using perturbation experiments conducted with idealized high-resolution ocean models. The decadal increase in EKE is most likely due to continuing increases in the wind stress over the Southern Ocean, albeit with considerable interannual variability superposed. ACC transport correlates well with wind stress on these interannual time scales, but is weakly affected by wind forcing at longer periods. The increasing intensity of the Southern Ocean eddy field has implications for overturning circulation, carbon cycling, and climate. C1 [Hogg, Andrew McC.; Morrison, Adele K.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Hogg, Andrew McC.; Morrison, Adele K.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Meredith, Michael P.; Abrahamsen, E. Povl] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Chambers, Don P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hughes, Chris W.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Hughes, Chris W.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Morrison, Adele K.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hogg, AM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM Andy.Hogg@anu.edu.au RI Abrahamsen, Povl/B-2140-2008; Hogg, Andy/A-7553-2011; OI Abrahamsen, Povl/0000-0001-5924-5350; Hogg, Andy/0000-0001-5898-7635; Chambers, Don/0000-0002-5439-0257 FU Australian Research Council Future Fellowship [FT120100842]; NERC via the BAS Polar Oceans strategic research programme; NASA [NNX13AG98G]; NERC National Capability funding via NOC; Carbon Mitigation Initiative - BP; Australian Commonwealth Government FX We thank Gareth Marshall for providing the observed SAM data for this paper (see http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/public/icd/gjma/sam.html). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). Andy Thompson, Stephanie Downes, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive criticism of the first draft of this manuscript. A.M.H. was supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT120100842). M.M. and E.P.A. were supported by NERC funding via the BAS Polar Oceans strategic research programme. D.P.C. was supported by NASA grant NNX13AG98G for the Ocean Surface Topography Science Team. C.W.H. was supported by NERC National Capability funding via NOC. A.K.M. was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative, sponsored by BP. This research was undertaken on the NCI National Facility in Canberra, Australia, which is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1002/2014JC010470 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CB8OP UT WOS:000349890000016 ER PT J AU Wenegrat, JO McPhaden, MJ AF Wenegrat, Jacob O. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Dynamics of the surface layer diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean (0 degrees, 23 degrees W) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE diurnal cycle; marginal instability; equatorial Atlantic; deep-cycle turbulence ID TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; RESEARCH MOORED ARRAY; PACIFIC WARM POOL; MIXED-LAYER; COLD-TONGUE; HEAT-BUDGET; SHEAR-FLOW; DEEP-CYCLE; MARGINAL INSTABILITY; WIND STRESS AB A 15 year time series (1999-2014) from the 0 degrees, 23 degrees W Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) mooring, which includes an 8 month record (October 2008 to June 2009) of high-resolution near-surface velocity data, is used to analyze the diurnal variability of sea surface temperature, shear, and stratification in the central equatorial Atlantic. The ocean diurnal cycle exhibits pronounced seasonality that is linked to seasonal variations in the surface wind field. In boreal summer and fall, steady trade winds and clear skies dominate, with limited diurnal variability in sea surface temperature. Diurnal shear layers, with reduced Richardson numbers, are regularly observed descending into the marginally unstable equatorial undercurrent below the mixed layer, conditions favorable for the generation of deep-cycle turbulence. In contrast, in boreal winter and spring, winds are lighter and more variable, mixed layers are shallow, and diurnal variability of sea surface temperature is large. During these conditions, diurnal shear layers are less prominent, and the stability of the undercurrent increases, suggesting seasonal covariance between diurnal near-surface shear and deep-cycle turbulence. Modulation of the ocean diurnal cycle by tropical instability waves is also identified. This work provides the first observational assessment of the diurnal cycle of near-surface shear, stratification, and marginal instability in the equatorial Atlantic, confirming previous modeling results and offering a complementary perspective on similar work in the equatorial Pacific. C1 [Wenegrat, Jacob O.; McPhaden, Michael J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wenegrat, JO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wenegrat@uw.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; JISAO [2402]; PMEL [4244] FX The authors would like to thank Eric Kunze and Ren-Chieh Lien for helpful discussions of this work, as well as Bill Smyth and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. We also thank Paul Freitag and the TAO project office of PMEL for their ongoing work on the PIRATA array. Patricia Plimpton completed the initial processing of the near-surface ADCP data. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, JISAO contribution 2402, and PMEL contribution 4244. PIRATA mooring data are available at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/. PIRATA ADCP data are available from paul.freitag@noaa.gov. OLR and SST data are available from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/, Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Winds from http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/scow/, and World Ocean Database CTD data from http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD/pr_wod.html. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 563 EP 581 DI 10.1002/2014JC010504 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CB8OP UT WOS:000349890000033 ER PT J AU Perez, JD Goldstein, J McComas, DJ Valek, P Buzulukova, N Fok, MC Singer, HJ AF Perez, J. D. Goldstein, J. McComas, D. J. Valek, P. Buzulukova, N. Fok, M. -C. Singer, H. J. TI TWINS stereoscopic imaging of multiple peaks in the ring current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere; ring current; ENA imaging ID PITCH-ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL-ATOM; PLASMA SHEET; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ENA OBSERVATIONS; FLUX TUBES; MISSION; STORM; SUBSTORM; FLOWS AB Global, ion equatorial flux distributions and energy spectra are presented from stereoscopic Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) 1 and TWINS 2 energetic neutral atom (ENA) images for two time periods, 29 May 2010, 1330-1430 UT and 26 May 2011, 1645-1715 UT. The first is just after the main phase of a weak (minimum SYM/H approximate to-70 to -80 nT) corotating interaction region-driven geomagnetic storm. The second is during a relatively quiet period. The global ion distributions show multiple spatial peaks that are coincident with peaks in the AE index. The energy spectra have a primary maximum in the 15-20keV range. Below the energy maximum, the flux is Maxwellian. Above the main maximum, the flux is either significantly below that of a Maxwellian or has a second component with a maximum in the 40-50keV range. For the 29 May 2010, 1330-1430 UT time period, the flux from the TWINS stereoscopic images is compared to the results from TWINS 1 and TWINS 2 alone illustrating the advantage of stereoscopic viewing. The flux deconvolved from the TWINS images also shows spatial and temporal correlations with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) in situ measurements. Magnetic field dipolarizations observed by GOES support the existence of a peak in the ion flux in the midnight/dawn sector. In summary, increased spatial resolution from TWINS stereoscopic ENA images is demonstrated. Multiple peaks in the ion flux of trapped particles in the ring current are observed. THEMIS electrostatic analyzer in situ ion flux measurements and GOES geosynchronous magnetic field measurements are consistent with the spatial and temporal structure obtained. C1 [Perez, J. D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J.; Valek, P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J.; Valek, P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX USA. [Buzulukova, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buzulukova, N.; Fok, M. -C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perez, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM perez@physics.auburn.edu OI Valek, Philip/0000-0002-2318-8750 FU TWINS mission part of NASA's Explorer Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge Natalia Papitashvili at the Space Physics Data Facility at NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center for use of the OMNI data set, the instrument teams from ACE, Wind, and other missions that contribute the data used by OMNI, and the THEMIS ESA team for the use of the THEMIS data and software. This work was carried out as a part of and with support from the TWINS mission as a part of NASA's Explorer Program. Data used in this paper are available from http://twins.swri.edu/, http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/index.shtml, and http://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/data_orbits.html. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 368 EP 383 DI 10.1002/2014JA020662 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300024 ER PT J AU Verkhoglyadova, OP Mannucci, AJ Tsurutani, BT Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA Redmon, RJ Green, JC AF Verkhoglyadova, O. P. Mannucci, A. J. Tsurutani, B. T. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. Redmon, R. J. Green, J. C. TI Localized thermosphere ionization events during the high-speed stream interval of 29 April to 5 May 2011 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermosphere; ionosphere; aurora; HSS; particle precipitation ID SOLAR-WIND STREAMS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; ATOMIC OXYGEN; NITRIC-OXIDE; STORMS; DENSITY; ENERGY; IONOSPHERE AB We analyze localized ionospheric-thermospheric (IT) events in response to external driving by a high-speed stream (HSS) during the ascending phase of the Solar Cycle 24. The HSS event occurred from 29 April to 5 May, 2011. The HSS itself (and not the associated corotating interaction region) caused a moderate geomagnetic storm with peak SYM-H=-55 nT and prolonged auroral activity. We analyze TIMED (Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)/SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) measurements of nitric oxide (NO) cooling emission during the interval as a measure of thermospheric response to auroral heating. We identify several local cooling emission (LCE) events in high to subauroral latitudes. Individual cooling emission profiles during these LCE events are enhanced at ionospheric E layer altitudes. For the first time, we present electron density profiles in the vicinity of the LCE events using collocated COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) radio occultation (RO) measurements. Measurements at local nighttime show the formation of an enhanced E layer (about 2.5 times increase over the undisturbed value) at 100km altitude. Daytime electron density profiles show relatively smaller enhancements in the E layer. We suggest that the IT response is due to additional ionization caused by medium energy electron (>10keV) precipitation into the subauroral to high-latitude atmosphere associated with geomagnetic activity during the HSS event. C1 [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.; Mannucci, A. J.; Tsurutani, B. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Verkhoglyadova, O. P.] Ctr Space & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Green, J. C.] Space Hazards Applicat, Golden, CO USA. RP Verkhoglyadova, OP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov OI Verkhoglyadova, Olga/0000-0002-9295-9539; Hunt, Linda/0000-0002-5330-541X FU NASA TIMED project office; NASA FX Portions of this work were done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. M.G.M. would like to acknowledge support from the NASA TIMED project office. SABER data are available at http://saber.gats-inc.com/. The authors acknowledge use of COSMIC data provided by CDAAC (available through COSMIC Public Data Access from http://cdaac- www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/products.html). Solar wind parameters and activity indices are taken from the OMNI database (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html). Electron count data were provided through NOAA NGDC (http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/avg/). Hemispheric Power data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder CO, USA. The authors would like to thank the referees for the helpful comments. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 1 BP 675 EP 696 DI 10.1002/2014JA020535 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CB8OX UT WOS:000349891300044 ER PT J AU Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Bottom-Up Electrodeposition of Zinc in Through Silicon Vias SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE ACCELERATOR DEACTIVATION; COPPER INTERCONNECT METALLIZATION; MICROVIA-FILL PROCESS; SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; THROUGH-SILICON; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; DAMASCENE TRENCHES; SUPPORTING ELECTROLYTE; SULFITE ELECTROLYTE; CU AB This paper describes superconformal feature filling during zinc electrodeposition in a sulfate electrolyte. Localized bottom-up filling of Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) with no deposition on the sidewalls or the field around them is demonstrated in electrolytes containing a deposition rate suppressing additive. This behavior is seen when feature filling proceeds at potentials in proximity to where suppression breakdown and localized zinc deposition are noted in electroanalytical measurements with planar rotating disk electrodes. The favorable comparison with previous results for bottom-up feature filling of Cu, Au and Ni further demonstrates the central role of additive-derived negative differential resistance (NDR) in extreme bottom-up feature filling. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Josell, D.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 3 BP D129 EP D135 DI 10.1149/2.0031504jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CB7QZ UT WOS:000349823700051 ER PT J AU Schneck, NA Lowenthal, M Phinney, K Lee, SB AF Schneck, Nicole A. Lowenthal, Mark Phinney, Karen Lee, Sang Bok TI Current trends in magnetic particle enrichment for mass spectrometry-based analysis of cardiovascular protein biomarkers SO NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bioseparation; cardiac protein biomarkers; cardiovascular disease; enrichment; immunoassay; LC-MS; MS; magnetic (micro) beads; magnetic nanoparticles; mass spectrometry ID CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; PEPTIDE IMMUNOAFFINITY ENRICHMENT; HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; HEART-FAILURE; NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; LC-MS/MS; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; MULTIPLEXED ASSAYS; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; SERUM BIOMARKERS AB Magnetic particles have traditionally been utilized to isolate and enrich various cardiovascular protein biomarkers for mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. The application of functionalized magnetic particles for immunocapture is attractive due to their easy manipulation, large surface area-to-volume ratios for maximal antibody binding, good recovery and high magnetic saturation. Magnetic particle enrichment coupled with mass spectrometry can act as a complementary tool for clinical sandwich-immunoassay development since it can provide improved target specificity and true metrological traceability. The purpose of this review is to summarize current separation methods and technologies that use magnetic particles to enrich protein biomarkers from complex matrices, specifically focusing on cardiovascular disease-related proteins and the advantages of magnetic particles over existing techniques. C1 [Schneck, Nicole A.; Lee, Sang Bok] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schneck, Nicole A.; Lowenthal, Mark; Phinney, Karen] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, SB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM slee@umd.edu RI Lee, Sang Bok/B-4421-2009 NR 86 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1743-5889 EI 1748-6963 J9 NANOMEDICINE-UK JI Nanomedicine PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 433 EP 446 DI 10.2217/nnm.14.188 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CC3KI UT WOS:000350246600009 PM 25707977 ER PT J AU Campbell, LA Bottom, DL Volk, EC Fleming, IA AF Campbell, Lance A. Bottom, Daniel L. Volk, Eric C. Fleming, Ian A. TI Correspondence between Scale Morphometrics and Scale and Otolith Chemistry for Interpreting Juvenile Salmon Life Histories SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; FISH OTOLITHS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STRONTIUM; RIVER; MICROCHEMISTRY AB Fish scales have long been used to reconstruct fine-scale habitat transitions such as the movement of juvenile fish from freshwater, estuary, and ocean environments. Despite the importance of life history information to fisheries management and conservation, few studies have validated that scale morphology accurately describes fish movement between these habitats. Therefore, we tested the accuracy of using scale morphometric criteria to identify the movement of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from freshwater to marine portions of the Columbia River estuary by comparing scale morphometric classification, scale chemistry, and otolith chemistry. Nearly one-half of all fish collected in the saline portion of the estuary and approximately one-quarter in the freshwater portion exhibited morphometric patterns (i.e., scale checks and intermediate growth) often associated with periods of estuary rearing. Depending upon the criteria used to define scale checks, otolith chemical results indicated that 33-53% of fish would have been misclassified as estuary residents based solely on their scale patterns. Moreover, many individuals who had resided in strontium-rich estuary water did not form a visible check (37%) on their scales to coincide with estuary entry. We estimated from otolith chemistry that these fish had either entered at or near the size at which scale formation occurs (35-42 mm) or had recently migrated to the saline portion of the estuary (<30 d) before new scale material could be formed and calcified. Scale chemistry alone was a good indicator of entrance into the saline portion of the estuary. Scale chemistry responded to the strontium-enriched salt water, and explained 86% of the variation found in otolith chemistry. Scale morphometric classification did not provide the fine-scale resolution that scale and, even more so, otolith chemistry provided for describing the proportion of juvenile Chinook salmon using the saline portion of the Columbia River estuary. C1 [Campbell, Lance A.; Fleming, Ian A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Campbell, Lance A.; Fleming, Ian A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Ecol, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Volk, Eric C.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Campbell, LA (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Div Sci, 1111 Washington St Southeast, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM campblac@dfw.wa.gov RI Fleming, Ian/I-7217-2012 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; the Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Special thanks to Steven Schroder for advice on most aspects of this manuscript. Additionally, we thank Gordon Reeves and the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Science Laboratory, for laboratory space. We thank the many people who collected and necropsied juvenile Chinook Salmon for scales and otoliths, especially Curtis Roegner, Susan Hinton, Jen Zamon, Paul Bentley, Regan McNatt, George McCabe, and Tom Campbell. We also thank Lang Nguyen and Dana Anderson of the Washington Department of fish and Wildlife Otolith Laboratory, for assistance in otolith sample preparation. We thank Adam Kent and Andy Ungerer at the Keck Collaboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Oregon State University, for assistance in microchemistry analysis. Lastly we thank Andrew Claiborne, Paul Chittaro, John Sneva, Brian Wells, and one anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful critiques that have improved this manuscript. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.963253 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600006 ER PT J AU Tucker, S Thiess, ME Morris, JFT Mackas, D Peterson, WT Candy, JR Beacham, TD Iwamoto, EM Teel, DJ Peterson, M Trudel, M AF Tucker, S. Thiess, M. E. Morris, J. F. T. Mackas, D. Peterson, W. T. Candy, J. R. Beacham, T. D. Iwamoto, E. M. Teel, D. J. Peterson, M. Trudel, M. TI Coastal Distribution and Consequent Factors Influencing Production of Endangered Snake River Sockeye Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC SALMON; WEST-COAST; SEAWARD MIGRATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; JUVENILE SALMON AB Snake River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were declared endangered in 1991 after several years of decreasing abundance. Several factors, including poor marine survival, likely contributed to the decline of Snake River Sockeye Salmon. Little is known about their migration and ocean distribution and the factors influencing their production. We sampled (1) coastal waters from southern British Columbia (BC) to southeast Alaska during June-July, October-November, and February-March 1998-2011; and (2) Oregon and Washington coastal waters during May-June and September 2007-2010. In total, 8,227 juvenile Sockeye Salmon were captured. Despite their extremely low abundance relative to other stocks, 15 coded-wire-tagged juveniles from Redfish Lake were recovered since 2007, primarily in spring and summer surveys off the BC coast. Genetic analyses revealed that an additional eight Redfish Lake juveniles were also present in this area during summer. Snake River smolts undertook a rapid northward migration that brought them well beyond the Columbia River estuary and plume, exposing them to ocean conditions prevailing off BC. Through a multimodel inference approach, we characterized associations between the number of returning adults and a suite of ocean and river variables. Seven ocean variables and five river variables were chosen for the model selection analysis (e.g., copepod biomass anomalies, coastal upwelling indices, date of the spring transition, river discharge, river temperature, and the proportion of smolts transported through the hydropower system). Although adult returns were highly correlated with smolt abundance, our analyses suggest that ocean conditions encountered during the first growing season (as indexed by copepod anomalies) contribute to the variability in total adult returns. There was also evidence for a negative effect of transporting smolts through the hydropower system, with the caveat that we used transportation data for steelhead O. mykiss as a proxy. C1 [Tucker, S.; Thiess, M. E.; Morris, J. F. T.; Candy, J. R.; Beacham, T. D.; Trudel, M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Mackas, D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada. [Peterson, W. T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Iwamoto, E. M.; Teel, D. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peterson, M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. [Trudel, M.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Tucker, S (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM strahan.tucker@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU DFO; National Marine Fisheries Service; Bonneville Power Administration; Canadian Space Agency; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank the crews of the CCGS W.E. Ricker, F/V Viking Storm, F/V Ocean Selector, and F/V Frosti and the numerous scientists and technicians for their assistance with the field work and laboratory analysis. We acknowledge M. Bradford, B. Burke, C. Kozfkay, D. Schill, and three anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. We are grateful to C. Petrosky for generously providing river and hydropower system variables. We also thank DFO, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Bonneville Power Administration, the Canadian Space Agency, and the World Wildlife Fund for their financial support. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.968292 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600011 ER PT J AU Trippel, NA Allen, MS McBride, RS AF Trippel, Nicholas A. Allen, Micheal S. McBride, Richard S. TI Importance of Resident and Seasonally Transient Prey to Largemouth Bass in the St. Johns River, Florida SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HICKORY SHAD; AMERICAN SHAD; GIZZARD SHAD; GROWTH; FISHES; DIET; FOOD; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY AB We examined seasonal dynamics of prey availability and diets of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in the St. Johns River, Florida. The four most common prey species were Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense, Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The number of prey found in Largemouth Bass varied significantly by month (year-round) and predator size ("small," <356 mm TL, n D 267; "medium," 356-432 mm TL, n D 205; "large," >432 mm TL, n D 114). Atlantic Menhaden were most energetically beneficial to predators when available. Of the four most common prey species collected in trawls, only men-haden trawl catch was positively correlated with its appearance in bass diets. Menhaden were eaten by bass of all sizes, but were found only from September through November. Largemouth Bass did not feed heavily on juvenile anadromous shads Alosa spp. during their autumn migration, but this likely reflected low abundance of these clupeid species. The seasonal diversity of prey available in the St. Johns River may contribute to its being one of the most productive Largemouth Bass fisheries in Florida. C1 [Trippel, Nicholas A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. [Allen, Micheal S.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [McBride, Richard S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Trippel, NA (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 601 West Woodward Ave, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. EM nick.trippel@myfwc.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-106]; St. Johns River Water Management District [SG346AA] FX We thank the many individuals who helped with sampling including Travis Tuten, Eric Nagid, Mark Rogers, Drew Dutterer, Patrick Cooney, Jason Bennett, Jason Dotson, Melissa Woods-Jackson, Galen Kaufman, Adam Richardson, Kristin Maki, Ginny Chandler, Greg Binion, Matt Catalano, Christian Barrientos, and Will Strong. We also thank Laura West for assistance with editing. This project was funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sport Fish Restoration Program Grant F-106 and the St. Johns River Water Management District (Contract SG346AA). NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.982177 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600013 ER PT J AU Van Doornik, DM Hess, MA Johnson, MA Teel, DJ Friesen, TA Myers, JM AF Van Doornik, Donald M. Hess, Maureen A. Johnson, Marc A. Teel, David J. Friesen, Thomas A. Myers, James M. TI Genetic Population Structure of Willamette River Steelhead and the Influence of Introduced Stocks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AB Conservation genetics studies are frequently conducted on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. to delineate their population structure and to quantify their genetic diversity, especially for populations that have experienced declines in abundance and are subject to anthropogenic activities. One such group of salmonids is steelhead O. mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) from the Willamette River, a tributary of the Columbia River. Within the Willamette River there are multiple steelhead life history and run-timing types, some of which originated from nonnative populations. Late winter-run steelhead and Rainbow Trout are native to the Willamette River, whereas early winter-run and summer-run steelhead have been introduced into the system via releases from artificial propagation efforts. We conducted genetic analyses of Willamette River steelhead to determine the effect that nonnative steelhead released into the Willamette River basin have had on the genetic population structure of native steelhead. We found genetic differentiation among the samples that separated steelhead into four population groups that corresponded to run type. Possibly due to local adaptation, the native run type has retained its genetic distinctiveness from the introduced types, despite there being opportunities for gene flow among all types. Introduced early winter-run steelhead appear to be the origin of steelhead inhabiting certain Willamette River tributaries where native steelhead did not historically spawn. C1 [Van Doornik, Donald M.; Teel, David J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Hess, Maureen A.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Johnson, Marc A.; Friesen, Thomas A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Myers, James M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Van Doornik, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM don.vandoornik@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; ODFW; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We appreciate the efforts of ODFW staff, including Mike Hogansen, Kirk Schroeder, Bart DeBow, Brett Boyd, Greg Grenbemer, Lisa Borgerson, and Kanani Bowden, who collected recent and archived O. mykiss samples. Funding sources for this project included the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (administration provided by David Leonhardt), the ODFW, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2015 VL 144 IS 1 BP 150 EP 162 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.982178 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CC0KX UT WOS:000350025600014 ER PT S AU Silva, TJ Turgut, E Mathias, S La-o-vorakiat, C Grychtol, P Adam, R Rudolf, D Nembach, HT Aeschlimann, M Schneider, CM Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Shaw, JM AF Silva, T. J. Turgut, E. Mathias, S. La-o-vorakiat, C. Grychtol, P. Adam, R. Rudolf, D. Nembach, H. T. Aeschlimann, M. Schneider, C. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Murnane, M. M. Shaw, J. M. BE Bigot, JY Hubner, W Rasing, T Chantrell, R TI Ultrafast, element-specific magnetization dynamics of multi-constituent magnetic materials by use of high-harmonic generation SO ULTRAFAST MAGNETISM I SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ultrafast Magnetization Conference CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2013 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Res Agcy, French Minist Educ & Research, Natl Sci Res Ctr, Univ Strasbourg, Univ Kaiserslautern AB We have studied femtosecond magnetization dynamics probed by extreme ultraviolet pulses from high-harmonic generation, with element-selectivity and ultrafast time resolution. By use of this technique, we identify the microscopic processes that drive magnetization dynamics on femtosecond timescales. Here, we concentrate on controlling superdiffusive spin-currents in magnetic multilayers. C1 [Silva, T. J.; Nembach, H. T.; Shaw, J. M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Turgut, E.; Mathias, S.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Grychtol, P.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turgut, E.; Mathias, S.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Grychtol, P.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, S.; Aeschlimann, M.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Grychtol, P.; Adam, R.; Rudolf, D.; Schneider, C. M.] Res Ctr Julich, PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Grychtol, P.; Adam, R.; Rudolf, D.; Schneider, C. M.] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Silva, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM silva@boulder.nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334 FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER46652]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Schn-353/17, AE-19/20, GR 4234/1-1] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award #DE-FG02-09ER46652 and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, #Schn-353/17, #AE-19/20 and #GR 4234/1-1. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-07743-7; 978-3-319-07742-0 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 159 BP 300 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-319-07743-7_93 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC0WT UT WOS:000349745400093 ER PT S AU Rudolf, D La-O-Vorakiat, C Battiato, M Adam, R Grychtol, P Shaw, JM Turgut, E Maldonado, P Mathias, S Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Aeschlimann, M Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Oppeneer, PM Schneider, CM AF Rudolf, Dennis La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Battiato, Marco Adam, Roman Grychtol, Patrik Shaw, Justin M. Turgut, Emrah Maldonado, Pablo Mathias, Stefan Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. Aeschlimann, Martin Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Oppeneer, Peter M. Schneider, Claus M. BE Bigot, JY Hubner, W Rasing, T Chantrell, R TI Element Selective Investigation of Spin Dynamics in Magnetic Multilayers SO ULTRAFAST MAGNETISM I SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ultrafast Magnetization Conference CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2013 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Res Agcy, French Minist Educ & Research, Natl Sci Res Ctr, Univ Strasbourg, Univ Kaiserslautern AB Our understanding of ultrafast switching processes in novel spin-based electronics depends on our detailed knowledge of interactions between spin, charge and phonons in magnetic structures. We present element-selective studies, using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light, to gain insight into spin dynamics in exchange coupled magnetic multilayers on the femtosecond time scale. C1 [Rudolf, Dennis; Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grnberg Inst PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Turgut, Emrah; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Turgut, Emrah; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Battiato, Marco; Maldonado, Pablo; Oppeneer, Peter M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Rudolf, D (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Peter Grnberg Inst PGI 6, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM r.adam@fz-juelich.de RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Battiato, Marco/A-6278-2012; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Battiato, Marco/0000-0002-1902-2272; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334; Maldonado, Pablo/0000-0002-8524-819X FU BMBF [05KS7UK1]; DFG (SFB 491); EU [281043] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from BMBF (Project 05KS7UK1), from the DFG (SFB 491) and from the EU (grant No. 281043, " FemtoSpin"). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-07743-7; 978-3-319-07742-0 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 159 BP 307 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-319-07743-7_95 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC0WT UT WOS:000349745400095 ER PT J AU Chuang, MC Hwang, JN Williams, K Towler, R AF Chuang, Meng-Che Hwang, Jenq-Neng Williams, Kresimir Towler, Richard TI Tracking Live Fish From Low-Contrast and Low-Frame-Rate Stereo Videos SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fish abundance estimation; low-frame-rate (LFR) video; multiple target tracking; stereo imaging; underwater video ID CAMERA SYSTEM; ALGORITHM AB Nonextractive fish abundance estimation with the aid of visual analysis has drawn increasing attention. Unstable illumination, ubiquitous noise, and low-frame-rate (LFR) video capturing in the underwater environment, however, make conventional tracking methods unreliable. In this paper, we present a multiple fish-tracking system for low-contrast and LFR stereo videos with the use of a trawl-based underwater camera system. An automatic fish segmentation algorithm overcomes the low-contrast issues by adopting a histogram backprojection approach on double local-thresholded images to ensure an accurate segmentation on the fish shape boundaries. Built upon a reliable feature-based object matching method, a multiple-target tracking algorithm via a modified Viterbi data association is proposed to overcome the poor motion continuity and frequent entrance/exit of fish targets under LFR scenarios. In addition, a computationally efficient block-matching approach performs successful stereo matching that enables an automatic fish-body tail compensation to greatly reduce segmentation error and allows for an accurate fish length measurement. Experimental results show that an effective and reliable tracking performance for multiple live fish with underwater stereo cameras is achieved. C1 [Chuang, Meng-Che; Hwang, Jenq-Neng] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Kresimir; Towler, Richard] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chuang, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mengche@uw.edu; hwang@uw.edu; kresimir.williams@noaa.gov; rick.towler@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA FX This work was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor P. Yin. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8215 EI 1558-2205 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2014.2357093 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CB4UM UT WOS:000349623700014 ER PT J AU Zuo, Y Liu, M Zhang, T Hong, LW Guo, XW Song, CS Chen, YS Zhu, PY Jaye, C Fischer, D AF Zuo, Yi Liu, Min Zhang, Ting Hong, Luwei Guo, Xinwen Song, Chunshan Chen, Yongsheng Zhu, Pengyu Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel TI Role of pentahedrally coordinated titanium in titanium silicalite-1 in propene epoxidation SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; CYCLOHEXANONE AMMOXIMATION; FRAMEWORK TI(IV); TS-1 ZEOLITE; OXIDATION; XANES; EXAFS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Two titanium silicalite-1 samples with different crystal sizes were synthesized in the tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) hydrothermal systems. The small-crystal TS-1 with a size of 600 nm was then treated with different organic bases. These TS-1 samples were evaluated in the epoxidation of propene, and characterized by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-vis), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and Raman spectroscopies. The Ti L-edge absorption spectra show that a new Ti species, pentahedrally coordinated Ti, appears in some of the samples. This pentahedrally coordinated Ti species is correlated with the catalytic oxidation activity of TS-1, closely. Tetrahedrally coordinated Ti in TS-1 is the primary active center for selective oxidation reactions, but the existence of a small amount of pentahedrally coordinated Ti can further improve the catalytic activity. A high molar ratio of Si/Ti (n(Si/Ti)) in the synthesis process (n(Si/Ti) = 92.78) was beneficial for the generation of pentahedrally coordinated Ti. The improved catalytic activity of the TPAOH treated TS-1 is mainly due to the increasing amount of pentahedrally coordinated Ti, besides the elimination of diffusion limitation. Slowing down the crystallization rate can also increase the content of pentahedrally coordinated Ti. C1 [Zuo, Yi; Liu, Min; Zhang, Ting; Hong, Luwei; Guo, Xinwen] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Fine Chem, PSU DUT Joint Ctr Energy Res, Sch Chem Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Song, Chunshan; Chen, Yongsheng; Zhu, Pengyu] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, PSU DUT Joint Ctr Energy Res, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, XW (reprint author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Fine Chem, PSU DUT Joint Ctr Energy Res, Sch Chem Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. EM guoxw@dlut.edu.cn; yzc2@psu.edu RI 左, 轶/F-9409-2012; Song, Chunshan/B-3524-2008 OI Song, Chunshan/0000-0003-2344-9911 FU Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2342013DUT13RC(3)704]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2014M551094]; program for the New Century Excellent Talent in University [NCET-04-0268]; Plan 111 Project of the Ministry of Education of China FX This work was partly financialized by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2342013DUT13RC(3)704), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M551094), the program for the New Century Excellent Talent in University (Grant NCET-04-0268) and the Plan 111 Project of the Ministry of Education of China. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 23 BP 17897 EP 17904 DI 10.1039/c5ra00194c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CB3VN UT WOS:000349557400067 ER PT J AU Choi, W Gu, JE Park, SH Kim, S Bang, J Baek, KY Park, B Lee, JS Chan, EP Lee, JH AF Choi, Wansuk Gu, Joung-Eun Park, Sang-Hee Kim, Seyong Bang, Joona Baek, Kyung-Youl Park, Byoungnam Lee, Jong Suk Chan, Edwin P. Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Tailor-Made Polyamide Membranes for Water Desalination SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; TETRAACYL CHLORIDE; THIN-FILMS; PERFORMANCE; LAYER; RO; NANOFILTRATION AB Independent control of the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the polyamide (PA) selective layer is essential for designing thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with performance characteristics required for water purification applications besides seawater desalination. Current commercial TFC membranes fabricated via the well-established interfacial polymerization (IP) approach yield materials that are far from ideal because their layer thickness, surface roughness, polymer chemistry, and network structure cannot be separately tailored. In this work, tailor-made PA-based desalination membranes based on molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) assembly are presented. The mLbL technique enables the construction of an ultrathin and highly cross-linked PA seletive layer in a precisely and independently controlled manner. The mLbL-assembled TFC membranes exhibit significant enhancements in performance compared to their IP-assembled counterparts. A maximum sodium chloride rejection of 98.2% is achieved along with over 2.5 times higher water flux than the IP-assembled counterpart. More importantly, this work demonstrates the broad applicability of mLbL in fabricating a variety of PA-based TFC membranes with nanoscale control of the selective layer thickness and roughness independent of the specific polyamide chemistry. C1 [Choi, Wansuk; Park, Sang-Hee; Kim, Seyong; Bang, Joona; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Gu, Joung-Eun; Lee, Jong Suk] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm Hlth & Welf Res, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Park, Sang-Hee; Baek, Kyung-Youl] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Gu, Joung-Eun] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Park, Byoungnam] Hongik Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 121791, South Korea. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm Hlth & Welf Res, 39-1 Hawolgok Dong, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM jong.lee@kist.re.kr; edwin.chan@nist.gov; leejhyyy@korea.ac.kr RI Bang, Joona/F-6589-2013; Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU National Research Foundation of Korea grant - Korea government (MSIP) [2014R1A1A1003197]; Korea CCS R&D Center (KCRC), Republic of Korea [2014M1A8A1049315] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2014R1A1A1003197). J.S.L. acknowledges financial support from the Korea CCS R&D Center (KCRC) (No. 2014M1A8A1049315), Republic of Korea. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 14 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 1 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1021/nn505318v PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CA0PJ UT WOS:000348619000036 PM 25548959 ER PT J AU Scott, P Grevesse, N Asplund, M Sauval, AJ Lind, K Takeda, Y Collet, R Trampedach, R Hayek, W AF Scott, Pat Grevesse, Nicolas Asplund, Martin Sauval, A. Jacques Lind, Karin Takeda, Yoichi Collet, Remo Trampedach, Regner Hayek, Wolfgang TI The elemental composition of the Sun I. The intermediate mass elements Na to CaThe elemental composition of the Sun I. The intermediate mass elements Na to Ca SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: abundances; Sun: photosphere; Sun: granulation; line: formation; line: profiles; convection ID METAL-POOR STARS; NON-LTE APPLICATIONS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SOLAR FLUORINE ABUNDANCE; 3D MODEL ATMOSPHERES; H COLLISION DATA; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; LINE-FORMATION AB The chemical composition of the Sun is an essential piece of reference data for astronomy, cosmology, astroparticle, space and geo-physics: elemental abundances of essentially all astronomical objects are referenced to the solar composition, and basically every process involving the Sun depends on its composition. This article, dealing with the intermediate-mass elements Na to Ca, is the first in a series describing the comprehensive re-determination of the solar composition. In this series we severely scrutinise all ingredients of the analysis across all elements, to obtain the most accurate, homogeneous and reliable results possible. We employ a highly realistic 3D hydrodynamic model of the solar photosphere, which has successfully passed an arsenal of observational diagnostics. For comparison, and to quantify remaining systematic errors, we repeat the analysis using three different 1D hydrostatic model atmospheres (MARCS, MISS and Holweger & Muller 1974, Sol. Phys., 39, 19) and a horizontally and temporally-averaged version of the 3D model (? 3D ?). We account for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) wherever possible. We have scoured the literature for the best possible input data, carefully assessing transition probabilities, hyperfine splitting, partition functions and other data for inclusion in the analysis. We have put the lines we use through a very stringent quality check in terms of their observed profiles and atomic data, and discarded all that we suspect to be blended. Our final recommended 3D+NLTE abundances are: log epsilon(Na) = 6.21 +/- 0.04, log epsilon(Mg) = 7.59 +/- 0.04, log epsilon(Al) = 6.43 +/- 0.04, log epsilon(Si) = 7.51 +/- 0.03, log epsilon(P) = 5.41 +/- 0.03, log epsilon(S) = 7.13 +/- 0.03, log epsilon(K) = 5.04 +/- 0.05 and log epsilon(Ca) = 6.32 +/- 0.03. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic errors. Our results are systematically smaller than most previous ones with the 1D semi-empirical Holweger & Muller model, whereas the < 3D > model returns abundances very similar to the full 3D calculations. This analysis provides a complete description and a slight update of the results presented in Asplund et al. (2009, ARA&A, 47, 481) for Na to Ca, and includes full details of all lines and input data used. C1 [Scott, Pat] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Grevesse, Nicolas] Univ Liege, Ctr Spatial Liege, B-4031 Angleur Liege, Belgium. [Grevesse, Nicolas] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Asplund, Martin; Collet, Remo; Hayek, Wolfgang] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Sauval, A. Jacques] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Lind, Karin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Takeda, Yoichi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Trampedach, Regner] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Trampedach, Regner] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, Regner] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Scott, P (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM p.scott@imperial.ac.uk; icolas.grevesse@ulg.ac.be; martin.asplund@anu.edu.au; jacques.sauval@oma.be; karin.lind@physics.uu.se; takeda.yoichi@nao.ac.jp; remo.collet@anu.edu.au; trampeda@lcd.colorado.edu FU Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik, Garching; Centre Spatial de Liege; Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liege; Mount Stromlo Observatory; IAU Commission 46; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics; (Canadian) Institute for Particle Physics; Banting Fellowship scheme; UK Science & Technology Facilities Council; Royal Belgian Observatory; Australian Research Council; Australian Research Council's DECRA [DE120102940] FX We thank Katia Cunha, Enrico Maiorca and Nils Ryde for helpful discussions concerning the transition probabilities and partition functions of HF, Thomas Gehren for providing unpublished NLTE abundance corrections, Charlotte Froese-Fischer for other helpful discussions on transition probabilities, and the referee for constructive feedback. P.S., N.G. and M.A. variously thank the Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik, Garching, the Centre Spatial de Liege, the Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liege and Mount Stromlo Observatory for support and hospitality during the production of this paper. We acknowledge further support from IAU Commission 46, the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics, the (Canadian) Institute for Particle Physics, the Banting Fellowship scheme as administered by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (PS), the Royal Belgian Observatory (NG), the Australian Research Council (MA) and the Australian Research Council's DECRA scheme (project number DE120102940; RC). NR 119 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 573 AR A25 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424109 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AX4KJ UT WOS:000346901300028 ER PT J AU Elvidge, ECL Oram, DE Laube, JC Baker, AK Montzka, SA Humphrey, S O'Sullivan, DA Brenninkmeijer, CAM AF Elvidge, E. C. Leedham Oram, D. E. Laube, J. C. Baker, A. K. Montzka, S. A. Humphrey, S. O'Sullivan, D. A. Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. TI Increasing concentrations of dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, inferred from CARIBIC air samples collected 1998-2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON OUTFLOW; PASSENGER AIRCRAFT; METHYL-CHLORIDE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HALOCARBON EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; FIRE EMISSIONS AB Atmospheric concentrations of dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, a regulated toxic air pollutant and minor contributor to stratospheric ozone depletion, were reported to have peaked around 1990 and to be declining in the early part of the 21st century. Recent observations suggest this trend has reversed and that CH2Cl2 is once again increasing in the atmosphere. Despite the importance of ongoing monitoring and reporting of atmospheric CH2Cl2, no time series has been discussed in detail since 2006. The CARIBIC project (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) has analysed the halocarbon content of whole-air samples collected at altitudes of between similar to 10-12 km via a custom-built container installed on commercial passenger aircraft since 1998, providing a long-term record of CH2Cl2 observations. In this paper we present this unique CH2Cl2 time series, discussing key flight routes which have been used at various times over the past 15 years. Between 1998 and 2012 increases were seen in all northern hemispheric regions and at different altitudes, ranging from similar to 7-10 ppt in background air to similar to 13-15 ppt in regions with stronger emissions (equating to a 38-69% increase). Of particular interest is the rising importance of India as a source of atmospheric CH2Cl2: based on CARIBIC data we provide regional emission estimates for the Indian subcontinent and show that regional emissions have increased from 3-14 Gg yr(-1) (1998-2000) to 16-25 Gg yr(-1) (2008). Potential causes of the increasing atmo-spheric burden of CH2Cl2 are discussed. One possible source is the increased use of CH2Cl2 as a feedstock for the production of HFC-32, a chemical used predominantly as a replacement for ozone-depleting substances in a variety of applications including air conditioners and refrigeration. C1 [Elvidge, E. C. Leedham; Baker, A. K.; Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, CARIBIC, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Oram, D. E.; Laube, J. C.; Humphrey, S.; O'Sullivan, D. A.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Oram, D. E.] Univ E Anglia, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Montzka, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Elvidge, ECL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, CARIBIC, Hahn Meitner Weg 1, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM emma.leedham@mpic.de RI Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NERC fellowship [NE/I021918/1]; CSIRO; Bureau of Meteorology; NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 Program FX The authors would like to thank the CARIBIC team and associated partner institutions, Lufthansa Airlines, Lufthansa Technik and Fraport for their work and support that has led to the success of CARIBIC over many years. In particular we thank Andreas Zahn and colleagues for the O3 data, Dieter Scharffe for the CO data and Peter van Velthoven for the back-trajectory information. Thanks to Claus Koeppel, Dieter Scharffe, Stefan Weber and Martin Korner for facilitating the operations of the container and TRAC samplers before, during and after flights. Early CARIBIC samples were partly analysed at UEA by Georgina Sturrock. J. Laube acknowledges the support of a NERC fellowship (no. NE/I021918/1). The data available in the Supplementary Information would not be possible without the staff at the Cape Grim station and at CSIRO GASLAB Aspendale collecting and maintaining the Cape Grim air archive and preparing the UEA flask and sub-samples. S. Montzka acknowledges the technical assistance of C. Siso, B. Hall, and B. Miller in making NOAA flask measurements at MHD and other sites, and support, in part, by NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 Program. We also acknowledge CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology for funding these activities. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1939 EP 1958 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1939-2015 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500021 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Veres, PR Warneke, C Roberts, JM Gilman, JB Koss, A Edwards, PM Graus, M Kuster, WC Li, SM Wild, RJ Brown, SS Dube, WP Lerner, BM Williams, EJ Johnson, JE Quinn, PK Bates, TS Lefer, B Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Weber, RJ Zamora, R Ervens, B Millet, DB Rappengluck, B de Gouw, JA AF Yuan, B. Veres, P. R. Warneke, C. Roberts, J. M. Gilman, J. B. Koss, A. Edwards, P. M. Graus, M. Kuster, W. C. Li, S. -M. Wild, R. J. Brown, S. S. Dube, W. P. Lerner, B. M. Williams, E. J. Johnson, J. E. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Lefer, B. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Weber, R. J. Zamora, R. Ervens, B. Millet, D. B. Rappenglueck, B. de Gouw, J. A. TI Investigation of secondary formation of formic acid: urban environment vs. oil and gas producing region SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; VINYL ALCOHOL; ACETIC-ACIDS; UINTAH BASIN; LOS-ANGELES; AQUEOUS PHOTOOXIDATION AB Formic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most abundant carboxylic acids in the atmosphere. However, current photochemical models cannot fully explain observed concentrations and in particular secondary formation of formic acid across various environments. In this work, formic acid measurements made at an urban receptor site (Pasadena) in June-July 2010 during CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) and a site in an oil and gas producing region (Uintah Basin) in January-February 2013 during UBWOS 2013 (Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies) will be discussed. Although the VOC (volatile organic compounds) compositions differed dramatically at the two sites, measured formic acid concentrations were comparable: 2.3 +/- 1.3 in UBWOS 2013 and 2.0 +/- 1.0 ppb in CalNex. We determine that concentrations of formic acid at both sites were dominated by secondary formation (> 99 %). A constrained box model using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.2) underestimates the measured formic acid concentrations drastically at both sites (by a factor of > 10). Compared to the original MCM model that includes only ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds and OH oxidation of acetylene, when we updated yields of ozonolysis of alkenes and included OH oxidation of isoprene, vinyl alcohol chemistry, reaction of formaldehyde with HO2, oxidation of aromatics, and reaction of CH3O2 with OH, the model predictions for formic acid were improved by a factor of 6.4 in UBWOS 2013 and 4.5 in CalNex, respectively. A comparison of measured and modeled HCOOH / acetone ratios is used to evaluate the model performance for formic acid. We conclude that the modified chemical mechanism can explain 19 and 45% of secondary formation of formic acid in UBWOS 2013 and CalNex, respectively. The contributions from aqueous reactions in aerosol and heterogeneous reactions on aerosol surface to formic acid are estimated to be 0-6 and 0-5% in UBWOS 2013 and CalNex, respectively. We observe that air-snow exchange processes and morning fog events may also contribute to ambient formic acid concentrations during UBWOS 2013 (similar to 20% in total). In total, 53-59 in UBWOS 2013 and 50-55% in CalNex of secondary formation of formic acid remains unexplained. More work on formic acid formation pathways is needed to reduce the uncertainties in the sources and budget of formic acid and to narrow the gaps between measurements and model results. C1 [Yuan, B.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Roberts, J. M.; Gilman, J. B.; Koss, A.; Edwards, P. M.; Graus, M.; Kuster, W. C.; Wild, R. J.; Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.; Zamora, R.; Ervens, B.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yuan, B.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Koss, A.; Edwards, P. M.; Graus, M.; Kuster, W. C.; Wild, R. J.; Dube, W. P.; Lerner, B. M.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; Ervens, B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Johnson, J. E.; Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, J. E.; Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lefer, B.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Yuan, B (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bin.yuan@noaa.gov RI Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010 OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948 FU Western Energy Alliance; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Programs (RAP); CIRES Visiting Fellowship; CARB [11-305]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; NSF [AGS-1148951] FX This work was supported in part by the Western Energy Alliance. This work was also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and by the NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. We thank the contribution from Colm Sweeney (NOAA ESRL GMD) to methane data in UBWOS 2013. Bin Yuan acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Programs (RAP). Patrick Hayes and Jose-Luis Jimenez thank a CIRES Visiting Fellowship and funding from CARB (11-305) and NOAA NA13OAR4310063. Dylan Millet acknowledges support from NSF grant no. AGS-1148951. NR 104 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1975 EP 1993 DI 10.5194/acp-15-1975-2015 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CB7IP UT WOS:000349800500023 ER PT J AU Lin, CY Matsuo, T Liu, JY Lin, CH Tsai, HF Araujo-Pradere, EA AF Lin, C. Y. Matsuo, T. Liu, J. Y. Lin, C. H. Tsai, H. F. Araujo-Pradere, E. A. TI Ionospheric assimilation of radio occultation and ground-based GPS data using non-stationary background model error covariance SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; ATMOSPHERE AB Ionospheric data assimilation is a powerful approach to reconstruct the 3-D distribution of the ionospheric electron density from various types of observations. We present a data assimilation model for the ionosphere, based on the Gauss-Markov Kalman filter with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) as the background model, to assimilate two different types of slant total electron content (TEC) observations from ground-based GPS and space-based FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) radio occultation. Covariance models for the background model error and observational error play important roles in data assimilation. The objective of this study is to investigate impacts of stationary (location-independent) and non-stationary (location-dependent) classes of the background model error covariance on the quality of assimilation analyses. Location-dependent correlations are modeled using empirical orthogonal functions computed from an ensemble of the IRI outputs, while location-independent correlations are modeled using a Gaussian function. Observing system simulation experiments suggest that assimilation of slant TEC data facilitated by the location-dependent background model error covariance yields considerably higher quality assimilation analyses. Results from assimilation of real ground-based GPS and F3/C radio occultation observations over the continental United States are presented as TEC and electron density profiles. Validation with the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar data and comparison with the Abel inversion results are also presented. Our new ionospheric data assimilation model that employs the location-dependent background model error covariance outperforms the earlier assimilation model with the location-independent background model error covariance, and can reconstruct the 3-D ionospheric electron density distribution satisfactorily from both ground-and space-based GPS observations. C1 [Lin, C. Y.; Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Matsuo, T.; Araujo-Pradere, E. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Lin, C. H.; Tsai, H. F.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM jyliu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU NASA [NNX09AJ83G]; Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) [NSC 102-2628-M-008-001] FX Chi-Yen Lin sincerely thanks Karen Fay O'Loughlin for her helpful assistance with the paper. Support for this study is provided through NASA award NNX09AJ83G to the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) grant NSC 102-2628-M-008-001. The authors gratefully acknowledge the International GNSS Service (IGS) for providing GPS data and COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC) and the Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC) for the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data. Radar observations at Millstone Hill are supported by a cooperative NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.5194/amt-8-171-2015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600012 ER PT J AU Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Gao, RS Watts, LA Ciciora, SJ McLaughlin, RJ Fahey, DW AF Thornberry, T. D. Rollins, A. W. Gao, R. S. Watts, L. A. Ciciora, S. J. McLaughlin, R. J. Fahey, D. W. TI A two-channel, tunable diode laser-based hygrometer for measurement of water vapor and cirrus cloud ice water content in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; OPEN-PATH; AIRBORNE; CLIMATE; INLET; SPECTROMETER; DEHYDRATION; CALIBRATION AB The recently developed NOAA Water instrument is a two-channel, closed-path, tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer designed for the measurement of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapor and enhanced total water (vapor + inertially enhanced condensed phase) from the NASA Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system (UAS) or other high-altitude research aircraft. The instrument utilizes wavelength-modulated spectroscopy with second harmonic detection near 2694 nm to achieve high precision with a 79 cm double-pass optical path. The detection cells are operated under constant temperature, pressure, and flow conditions to maintain a constant sensitivity to H2O independent of the ambient sampling environment. An onboard calibration system is used to perform periodic in situ calibrations to verify the stability of the instrument sensitivity during flight. For the water vapor channel, ambient air is sampled perpendicular to the flow past the aircraft in order to reject cloud particles, while the total water channel uses a heated, forward-facing inlet to sample both water vapor and cloud particles. The total water inlet operates subisokinetically, thereby inertially enhancing cloud particle number in the sample flow and affording increased cloud water content sensitivity. The NOAA Water instrument was flown for the first time during the second deployment of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) in February-March 2013 on the NASA Global Hawk UAS. The instrument demonstrated a typical in-flight precision (1 s, 1 sigma) of better than 0.17 parts per million (ppm, 10(-6) mol mol(-1)), with an overall H2O vapor measurement uncertainty of 5% +/- 0.23 ppm. The inertial enhancement for cirrus cloud particle sampling under ATTREX flight conditions ranged from 33 to 48 for ice particles larger than 8 mu m in diameter, depending primarily on aircraft altitude. The resulting ice water content detection limit (2 sigma) was 0.023-0.013 ppm, corresponding to approximately 2 mu g m(-3), with an estimated overall uncertainty of 20 %. C1 [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Ciciora, S. J.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Watts, L. A.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thornberry, TD (reprint author), NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM troy.thornberry@noaa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; THORNBERRY, TROY/0000-0001-7478-1944 FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment; NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors thank Randy May of Port City Instruments for contributing his experience and expertise to the development of the NOAA Water instrument, and the ground and flight crews of the NASA Global Hawk UAS for their support during the ATTREX mission. This work was supported with funding from the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment, and the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.5194/amt-8-211-2015 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600015 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Veres, P Murphy, SM Soltis, J Field, RA Graus, MG Koss, A Li, SM Li, R Yuan, B Roberts, JM de Gouw, JA AF Warneke, C. Veres, P. Murphy, S. M. Soltis, J. Field, R. A. Graus, M. G. Koss, A. Li, S. -M. Li, R. Yuan, B. Roberts, J. M. de Gouw, J. A. TI PTR-QMS versus PTR-TOF comparison in a region with oil and natural gas extraction industry in the Uintah Basin in 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; HUMIDITY DEPENDENCE; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MS CALIBRATION; PPTV LEVELS AB Here we compare volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements using a standard proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS) with a new proton-transfer-reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF) during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study 2013 (UBWOS2013) field experiment in an oil and gas field in the Uintah Basin, Utah. The PTR-QMS uses a quadrupole, which is a mass filter that lets one mass to charge ratio pass at a time, whereas the PTR-TOF uses a time of flight mass spectrometer, which takes full mass spectra with typical 0.1 s-1 min integrated acquisition times. The sensitivity of the PTR-QMS in units of counts per ppbv (parts per billion by volume) is about a factor of 10-35 times larger than the PTR-TOF, when only one VOC is measured. The sensitivity of the PTR-TOF is mass dependent because of the mass discrimination caused by the sampling duty cycle in the orthogonal-acceleration region of the TOF. For example, the PTR-QMS on mass 33 (methanol) is 35 times more sensitive than the PTR-TOF and for masses above 120 amu less than 10 times more. If more than 10-35 compounds are measured with PTR-QMS, the sampling time per ion decreases and the PTR-TOF has higher signals per unit measuring time for most masses. For UBWOS2013 the PTR-QMS measured 34 masses in 37 s and on that timescale the PTR-TOF is more sensitive for all masses. The high mass resolution of the TOF allows for the measurements of compounds that cannot be separately detected with the PTR-QMS, such as oxidation products from alkanes and cycloalkanes emitted by oil and gas extraction. PTR-TOF masses do not have to be preselected, allowing for identification of unanticipated compounds. The measured mixing ratios of the two instruments agreed very well (R-2 >= 0.92 and within 20 %) for all compounds and masses monitored with the PTR-QMS. C1 [Warneke, C.; Veres, P.; Graus, M. G.; Koss, A.; Li, R.; Yuan, B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Warneke, C.; Veres, P.; Graus, M. G.; Koss, A.; Li, R.; Yuan, B.; Roberts, J. M.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Murphy, S. M.; Soltis, J.; Field, R. A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010 OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; FIELD, ROBERT/0000-0003-0228-1419; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU Western Energy Alliance; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NSF [1215926]; Environment Canada's Clean Air Regulatory Agenda FX We thank Questar Energy Products, in particular Stephanie Tomkinson, for the Horse Pool site preparation and logistical support. This work was supported in part by the Western Energy Alliance. This work was also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and by the NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. Shane Murphy was supported by the NSF grant 1215926. S.-M. Li was supported in part by Environment Canada's Clean Air Regulatory Agenda. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 1 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.5194/amt-8-411-2015 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA5WD UT WOS:000348977600030 ER PT J AU You, L Okoro, CA Ahn, JJ Kopanski, J Franklin, RR Obeng, YS AF You, Lin Okoro, Chukwudi A. Ahn, Jung-Joon Kopanski, Joseph Franklin, Rhonda R. Obeng, Yaw S. TI Broadband Microwave-Based Metrology Platform Development: Demonstration of In-Situ Failure Mode Diagnostic Capabilities for Integrated Circuit Reliability Analyses SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we discuss the use of broadband high frequency electromagnetic waves (RF) to non-destructively identify, classify and characterize performance-limiting defects in emerging nanoelectronic devices. As an illustration, the impact of thermal cycling on the RF signal characteristics (insertion loss (S-21) and return loss (S-11)) is used to infer thermo-mechanical stress-induced defects in metal interconnects. The inferred defects are supported with physical analytical data where possible. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [You, Lin; Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Kopanski, Joseph; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Franklin, Rhonda R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP You, L (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 1 SI SI BP N3113 EP N3117 DI 10.1149/2.0151501jss PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CB3SE UT WOS:000349547900015 ER PT J AU Dean, KM Lubbeck, JL Davis, LM Regmi, CK Chapagain, PP Gerstman, BS Jimenez, R Palmer, AE AF Dean, Kevin M. Lubbeck, Jennifer L. Davis, Lloyd M. Regmi, Chola K. Chapagain, Prem P. Gerstman, Bernard S. Jimenez, Ralph Palmer, Amy E. TI Microfluidics-based selection of red-fluorescent proteins with decreased rates of photobleaching SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MONOMERIC RED; SINGLE MOLECULES; STOKES SHIFT; RHODAMINE 6G; LIVE CELLS; CHROMOPHORE; MICROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Fluorescent proteins offer exceptional labeling specificity in living cells and organisms. Unfortunately, their photophysical properties remain far from ideal for long-term imaging of low-abundance cellular constituents, in large part because of their poor photostability. Despite widespread engineering efforts, improving the photostability of fluorescent proteins remains challenging due to lack of appropriate high-throughput selection methods. Here, we use molecular dynamics guided mutagenesis in conjunction with a recently developed microfluidic-based platform, which sorts cells based on their fluorescence photostability, to identify red fluorescent proteins with decreased photobleaching from a HeLa cell-based library. The identified mutant, named Kriek, has 2.5- and 4-fold higher photostability than its progenitor, mCherry, under widefield and confocal illumination, respectively. Furthermore, the results provide insight into mechanisms for enhancing photostability and their connections with other photophysical processes, thereby providing direction for ongoing development of fluorescent proteins with improved single-molecule and low-copy imaging capabilities. C1 [Dean, Kevin M.; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dean, Kevin M.; Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Jimenez, Ralph; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Lloyd M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Ctr Laser Applicat, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Davis, Lloyd M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Regmi, Chola K.; Chapagain, Prem P.; Gerstman, Bernard S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Palmer, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu; amy.palmer@colorado.edu RI Davis, Lloyd/D-7648-2013 OI Davis, Lloyd/0000-0002-3169-3044 FU National Institutes of Health [GM083849, GM096903]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA; University of Colorado Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 G-065103]; NSF Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [0801680] FX The work presented here received generous funding from the National Institutes of Health (GM083849, A.E.P. and R.J., and GM096903 to P.C.) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontier Center at JILA. K.M.D. and J.L.L. were individually supported by the University of Colorado Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 G-065103) and K.M.D. received additional support through the NSF Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (0801680). R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We would like to thank Dr Roger Tsien for kindly providing us with the DNA for mCherry. Furthermore, we would like to thank Patrick Konold and Dr Erik Holmstrom for their assistance with the fluorescence emission and lifetime measurements, respectively. Experimental equipment and reagents identified within this paper are provided so that this work may be replicated elsewhere and are not recommended or endorsed by NIST. Renditions of the protein structures were created using PyMOL. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 EI 1757-9708 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1039/c4ib00251b PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CB5LM UT WOS:000349668600011 PM 25477249 ER PT J AU Chang, M Kuhn, R Weil, T AF Chang, Morris Kuhn, Rick Weil, Tim TI IT Security SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chang, Morris] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kuhn, Rick] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Weil, Tim] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. RP Chang, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM morrisjchang@gmail.com; kuhn@nist.gov; trweil@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 EI 1941-045X J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD JAN-FEB PY 2015 VL 17 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA CB4WG UT WOS:000349628400004 ER PT J AU Strelcov, E Cothren, J Leonard, D Borisevich, AY Kolmakov, A AF Strelcov, Evgheni Cothren, Joshua Leonard, Donovan Borisevich, Albina Y. Kolmakov, Andrei TI In situ SEM study of lithium intercalation in individual V2O5 nanowires SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; LI INTERCALATION; LIXV2O5 SYSTEM; SNO2 NANOWIRE; THIN-FILMS; BATTERIES; CHALLENGES; CATHODE; SILICON AB Progress in rational engineering of Li-ion batteries requires better understanding of the electrochemical processes and accompanying transformations in the electrode materials on multiple length scales. In spite of recent progress in utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze these materials, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was mostly overlooked as a powerful tool that allows probing these phenomena on the nano and mesoscale. Here we report on in situ SEM study of lithiation in a V2O5-based single-nanobelt battery with ionic liquid electrolyte. Coupled with cyclic voltammetry measurements, in situ SEM revealed the peculiarities of subsurface intercalation, formation of a solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and electromigration of liquid. We observed that single-crystalline vanadia nanobelts do not undergo large-scale amorphization or fracture during electrochemical cycling, but rather transform topochemically with only a slight shape distortion. The SEI layer seems to have significant influence on the lithium ion diffusion and overall capacity of the single-nanobelt battery. C1 [Strelcov, Evgheni] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Strelcov, Evgheni; Cothren, Joshua] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Leonard, Donovan; Borisevich, Albina Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolmakov, Andrei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Strelcov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM strelcove@ornl.gov RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Strelcov, Evgheni/H-1654-2013; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU Materials Science and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) - Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [ECCS-0925837] FX Research was supported by the Materials Science and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy and through a user project supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. SIUC part of the research was supported through NSF ECCS-0925837 grant. Authors are thankful to Dr Yigal Lilah for his help with LabView programming. ES and AK would like to thank Dr Sergei V. Kalinin for fruitful discussions of the present work. AK thanks Dr. Douglas Meier (NIST) for support with experiment. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 125 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 7 BP 3022 EP 3027 DI 10.1039/c4nr06767c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CB2QQ UT WOS:000349473200025 PM 25600354 ER PT J AU Aksyuk, V Lahiri, B Holland, G Centrone, A AF Aksyuk, Vladimir Lahiri, Basudev Holland, Glenn Centrone, Andrea TI Near-field asymmetries in plasmonic resonators SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PTIR TECHNIQUE; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; NANOSCALE; METAMATERIALS; NANOSTRUCTURES; RESONANCE; MODES; AFM AB Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy exploits the locally enhanced field surrounding plasmonic metamaterials to increase the sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy. The light polarization and incidence angle are important factors for exciting plasmonic nanostructures; however, such angle dependence is often ignored in SEIRA experiments, typically carried out with Cassegrain objectives. Here, the photothermal induced resonance technique and numerical simulations are used to map the distribution and intensity of SEIRA hot-spots surrounding gold asymmetric split ring resonators (ASRRs) as a function of light polarization and incidence angle. The results show asymmetric near-field SEIRA enhancements as a function of the incident illumination direction which, in analogy with the symmetry-breaking occurring in asymmetric transmission, we refer to as symmetry-breaking absorption. Numerical calculations reveal that the symmetry-breaking absorption in ASRRs originates in the angle-dependent interference between the electric and magnetic excitation channels of the resonators' dark-mode. Consequently, to maximize the SEIRA intensity, ASRRs should be illuminated from the dielectric side at an angle that maximizes the constructive interference of the two excitation channels, (35 degrees for the structures studied here), in place of the Cassegrain objectives. These results can be generalized to all structures characterized by plasmonic excitations that give rise to a surface-normal magnetic moment and that possess an electric dipole. C1 [Aksyuk, Vladimir; Lahiri, Basudev; Holland, Glenn; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lahiri, Basudev] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX B. L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3634 EP 3644 DI 10.1039/c4nr06755j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CB2QY UT WOS:000349474200037 PM 25636125 ER PT J AU Debnath, R Xie, T Wen, BM Li, W Ha, JY Sullivan, NF Nguyen, NV Motayed, A AF Debnath, Ratan Xie, Ting Wen, Baomei Li, Wei Ha, Jong Y. Sullivan, Nichole F. Nguyen, Nhan V. Motayed, Abhishek TI A solution-processed high-efficiency p-NiO/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetector SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOLAR-CELLS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTOR AB This paper presents a high efficiency heterojunction p-NiO/n-ZnO thin film ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) fabricated on conductive glass substrates. The devices are fabricated by using a simple spin-coating layer-by-layer method from precursor solutions. Photodiodes show good photoresponse and quantum efficiency under UV illumination. With an applied reverse bias of 1 V, the devices show maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.28 A W-1 and 6.3 x 10(11) Jones, respectively, as well as high gain with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 90%. By employing ultrathin Ti/Au as top UV transparent metal contacts, this architecture allows the PDs to be illuminated either through glass or metal side. Laser beam induced current is used to examine the local variation of EQE providing information on the photoresponse behavior within the device. Optical properties of NiO and ZnO deposits have also been explored. C1 [Debnath, Ratan; Xie, Ting; Wen, Baomei; Ha, Jong Y.; Motayed, Abhishek] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, Ting] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wen, Baomei; Sullivan, Nichole F.] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Li, Wei; Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Wei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nano Devices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ha, Jong Y.; Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Debnath, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ratan.debnath@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Xie, Ting/0000-0003-2722-7822 FU NIST [SB1341-13-SE-0216] FX RD and JYH acknowledge the financial support of NIST contract SB1341-13-SE-0216. The substrates for the PD devices were fabricated in the Nanofab of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 19 BP 14646 EP 14652 DI 10.1039/c4ra14567d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CB2CP UT WOS:000349434600070 ER PT J AU Pattanaik, DR Kumar, A AF Pattanaik, D. R. Kumar, Arun TI A hybrid model based on latest version of NCEP CFS coupled model for Indian monsoon rainfall forecast SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE all India summer monsoon rainfall; NCEP CFSv2; seasonal forecast skill; hybrid model ID SEASONAL PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; SST; VARIABILITY; PROJECT AB The forecast skill of all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR) during June to September (JJAS) in the new version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)'s Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) is analyzed by considering 28 years (1982-2009) retrospective forecasts. The spatial patterns of JJAS mean rainfall and its interannual variability is more realistic over the Indian monsoon region in CFSv2 as compared to previous version of NCEP's CFS. A hybrid (dynamical-empirical) model based on the forecast variables of CFSv2 is developed for AISMR, which shows correlation that is highly significant with observed AISMR. The hybrid model correctly predicted the observed AISMR departure of 2013. C1 [Pattanaik, D. R.] Indian Meteorol Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pattanaik, DR (reprint author), Indian Meteorol Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India. EM pattanaik_dr@yahoo.co.in NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1002/asl2.513 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA3ZZ UT WOS:000348845300002 ER PT J AU Liu, HL Wang, CZ Lee, SK Enfield, D AF Liu, Hailong Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David TI Inhomogeneous influence of the Atlantic warm pool on United States precipitation SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate variability; US precipitation; midlatitude air-sea interaction ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; NORTH-AMERICAN; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SUMMER CLIMATE; SST ANOMALIES; GREAT-PLAINS; DROUGHT; OCEAN AB On interannual time scales, the warming of the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) is associated with a tripole sea surface temperature (SST) pattern in the North Atlantic and leads to more rainfall in the central and eastern US. On decadal-to-multidecadal time scales, the AWP warming corresponds to a basin-wide warming pattern and results in less precipitation in the central and eastern US. The inhomogeneous relationship between the AWP warming and US rainfall on different time scales is largely due to the sign of mid-latitude SST anomaly. The negative mid-latitude SST anomaly associated with the tripole pattern may enhance the low sea level pressure over the northeastern North American continent and also enhance the barotropic response there of the AWP-induced barotropic Rossby wave. This strengthened low pressure system, which is not exhibited when the warming is basin-wide, results in a different moisture transport variation and thus the rainfall pattern over the United States. C1 [Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Hailong; Wang, Chunzai; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hliu@rsmas.miami.edu RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank two reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2015 VL 16 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1002/asl2.521 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA3ZZ UT WOS:000348845300010 ER PT J AU Rosslein, M Elliott, JT Salit, M Petersen, EJ Hirsch, C Krug, HF Wick, P AF Roesslein, Matthias Elliott, John T. Salit, Marc Petersen, Elijah J. Hirsch, Cordula Krug, Harald F. Wick, Peter TI Use of Cause-and-Effect Analysis to Design a High-Quality Nanocytotoxicology Assay SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; POTENTIAL ARTIFACTS; CELL-LINES; NANOMATERIALS; OXIDE; SIZE; AUTHENTICATION; CYTOTOXICITY; FIBROBLASTS AB An important consideration in developing standards and regulations that govern the production and use of commercial nanoscale materials is the development of robust and reliable measurements to monitor the potential adverse biological effects of such products. These measurements typically require cell-based and other biological assays that provide an assessment of the risks associated with the nanomaterial of interest. In this perspective, we describe the use of cause-and-effect (C&E) analysis to design robust, high quality cell-based assays to test nanoparticle-related cytotoxicity. C&E analysis of an assay system identifies the sources of variability that influence the test result. These sources can then be used to design control experiments that aid in establishing the validity of a test result. We demonstrate the application of C&E analysis to the commonly used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell-viability assay. This is the first time to our knowledge that C&E analysis has been used to characterize a cell-based toxicity assay. We propose the use of a 96-well plate layout which incorporates a range of control experiments to assess multiple factors such as nanomaterial interference, pipetting accuracy, cell seeding density, and instrument performance, and demonstrate the performance of the assay using the plate layout in a case study. While the plate layout was formulated specifically for the MTS assay, it is applicable to other cytotoxicity, ecotoxicity (i.e., bacteria toxicity), and nanotoxicity assays after assay-specific modifications. C1 [Roesslein, Matthias; Hirsch, Cordula; Wick, Peter] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res Empa, Mat Biol Interact Lab, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Krug, Harald F.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res Empa, CH-9014 St Gallen, Switzerland. [Elliott, John T.; Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salit, Marc] NIST, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elliott, JT (reprint author), NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jelliott@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU Competence Centre for Materials Science and Technology (CCMX) Project Nano-Screen FX This work was funded partly by the Competence Centre for Materials Science and Technology (CCMX) Project Nano-Screen. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1021/tx500327y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA AZ6LW UT WOS:000348332200003 PM 25473822 ER PT J AU Miller, BS Barlow, J Calderan, S Collins, K Leaper, R Olson, P Ensor, P Peel, D Donnelly, D Andrews-Goff, V Olavarria, C Owen, K Rekdahl, M Schmitt, N Wadley, V Gedamke, J Gales, N Double, MC AF Miller, Brian S. Barlow, Jay Calderan, Susannah Collins, Kym Leaper, Russell Olson, Paula Ensor, Paul Peel, David Donnelly, David Andrews-Goff, Virginia Olavarria, Carlos Owen, Kylie Rekdahl, Melinda Schmitt, Natalie Wadley, Victoria Gedamke, Jason Gales, Nick Double, Michael C. TI Validating the reliability of passive acoustic localisation: a novel method for encountering rare and remote Antarctic blue whales SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC RIGHT WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; BALEEN WHALES; VISUAL SURVEY; INDIAN-OCEAN; NEW-ZEALAND; VOCALIZATIONS; EASTERN; RANGE AB Since its near extirpation during the period of industrial whaling in the early and mid 20th century, the once common Antarctic blue whale Balaenoptera musculus intermedia re mains extremely rare. While annual systematic surveys around Antarctica from 1978 to 2009 re corded only 216 visual encounters of this species, their loud and distinctive calls were detected frequently throughout the Southern Ocean. We describe and assess a new method for locating these whales by acoustically detecting their vocalisations, tracking the location of their calls, and finally locating the whales visually. This methodology was employed during an Antarctic research voyage from 140 degrees E to 170 degrees W, between January and March 2013. The loudest song unit (a 26 Hz tone) was detected at all 298 recording sites south of 52 degrees S. Acoustically derived bearings from these whales enabled visual observers to eventually sight the whales, often hundreds of kilometres from initial acoustic detections. Received sound pressure levels of detections increased with decreasing range to several hotspots where both song and non-song calls were detected. Within hotspots, short-range acoustic localisation yielded 33 visual encounters of Antarctic blue whales (group size: 1 to 5 whales) over a 31 d period south of 60 degrees S. These results demonstrate that acoustic tracking provides the capacity to locate Antarctic blue whales widely dispersed over many hundreds of kilometres, as well as the capacity to acoustically track individual whales for days at a time irrespective of most weather conditions. Thus, passive acoustic localisation is a reliable and efficient method to track Antarctic blue whales, and this technique should be considered for future studies of these iconic animals. C1 [Miller, Brian S.; Calderan, Susannah; Collins, Kym; Ensor, Paul; Andrews-Goff, Virginia; Olavarria, Carlos; Rekdahl, Melinda; Schmitt, Natalie; Wadley, Victoria; Gales, Nick; Double, Michael C.] Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7050, Australia. [Barlow, Jay; Olson, Paula] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr NMFS NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Leaper, Russell] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Peel, David] Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Donnelly, David] Australian Orca Database, Melbourne, Vic 3128, Australia. [Owen, Kylie] Univ Queensland, Cetacean Ecol & Acoust Lab, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. [Gedamke, Jason] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Ocean Acoust Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Miller, BS (reprint author), Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7050, Australia. EM brian.miller@aad.gov.au RI Owen, Kylie/K-9400-2015 OI Owen, Kylie/0000-0002-8986-482X NR 64 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 26 IS 3 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.3354/esr00642 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CA8GA UT WOS:000349154400007 ER PT J AU Bort, J Van Parijs, SM Stevick, PT Summers, E Todd, S AF Bort, Jacqueline Van Parijs, Sofie M. Stevick, Peter T. Summers, Erin Todd, Sean TI North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis vocalization patterns in the central Gulf of Maine from October 2009 through October 2010 SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ACTIVE GROUPS; SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; SOUND PRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; OCEAN; BAY AB The central Gulf of Maine was recently identified as a persistent wintering ground and potential mating ground for non-calving North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis based on aerial survey data. However, these surveys were limited by bad weather and light. Here, we use passive acoustic monitoring to examine the long-term persistence of right whales in this area throughout a nearly continuous period from October 2009 through October 2010. Three archival marine acoustic recording units were deployed in the Outer Fall/central Gulf of Maine. The data were manually reviewed for right whale up-calls and gunshots to investigate seasonal and diel patterns. Up-calls and gunshots occurred seasonally, with the most calls recorded from October through January and fewer calls detected from February through July, increasing again in August through October. Up-calls were most frequent in November, and gunshots in December. There was a clear bimodal diel pattern in up-calls, with the majority of calls occurring between 04:00 through 08:00 h and 13:00 through 22:00 h. There was a clear peak in diel distribution of gunshots, with the majority of calls occurring between 16: 00 and 22:00 h. Our data demonstrate the continuous presence of right whales in the central Gulf of Maine during the winter months. The rate of gunshots during winter months in Outer Fall supports the hypothesis that male advertisement and/or right whale mating behavior may be taking place in this region at that time. C1 [Bort, Jacqueline; Stevick, Peter T.; Todd, Sean] Coll Atlant, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Summers, Erin] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Bort, Jacqueline] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. RP Bort, J (reprint author), Coll Atlant, 105 Eden St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. EM jacquelinebort@gmail.com FU Maine Department of Marine Resources, NOAA [NA09NMF4520418, NA10NMF4520291]; Maine Space Grant program FX We gratefully acknowledge the College of the Atlantic Acoustics Program volunteers (N. Ramirez, J. McCordic, M. Klein, S. Golaski, C. Spagnoli, L. Nielson, A. Brett, Y. Takemon, A. Pierik, R. Sullivan-Lord, P. Onens, Y. Bowen, and B. Beblowski) for their help with analysis. We thank Sarah Mussoline and Denise Risch for their assistance during the course of this project. Tim Cole, Christin Kahn, and Allison Henry from NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center provided valuable insight from their aerial surveys of the study area. We also thank Dave Sinclair, Trent Quinby, Dan DenDanto and Toby Stephenson of Allied Whale, and Jason Michalec of Cornell Bioacoustics Research Program for their assistance with MARU deployment logistics. Helpful comments were provided by Susan Barco, Cara Hotchkin, Anne Kozak, Ron Filipowicz, and Steven Thornton. Funding for this project was provided by the Maine Department of Marine Resources, NOAA grants NA09NMF4520418 and NA10NMF4520291, and the Maine Space Grant program. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2015 VL 26 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.3354/esr00650 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA CA8GA UT WOS:000349154400008 ER PT J AU Howell, EA Hoover, A Benson, SR Bailey, H Polovina, JJ Seminoff, JA Dutton, PH AF Howell, Evan A. Hoover, Aimee Benson, Scott R. Bailey, Helen Polovina, Jeffrey J. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Dutton, Peter H. TI Enhancing the TurtleWatch product for leatherback sea turtles, a dynamic habitat model for ecosystem-based management SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Central North Pacific; dynamic management; fisheries; leatherback sea turtles; sea surface temperature; swordfish ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; CARETTA-CARETTA; LONGLINE FISHERY; BYCATCH; OCEAN; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; FORAGE; AREAS AB Fishery management measures to reduce interactions between fisheries and endangered or threatened species have typically relied on static time-area closures. While these efforts have reduced interactions, they can be costly and inefficient for managing highly migratory species such as sea turtles. The NOAA TurtleWatch product was created in 2006 as a tool to reduce the rates of interactions of loggerhead sea turtles with shallow-set longline gear deployed by the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery targeting swordfish. TurtleWatch provides information on loggerhead habitat and can be used by managers and industry to make dynamic management decisions to potentially reduce incidentally capturing turtles during fishing operations. TurtleWatch is expanded here to include information on endangered leatherback turtles to help reduce incidental capture rates in the central North Pacific. Fishery-dependent data were combined with fishing effort, bycatch and satellite tracking data of leatherbacks to characterize sea surface temperature (SST) relationships that identify habitat or interaction hotspots'. Analysis of SST identified two zones, centered at 17.2 degrees and 22.9 degrees C, occupied by leatherbacks on fishing grounds of the Hawaii-based swordfish fishery. This new information was used to expand the TurtleWatch product to provide managers and industry near real-time habitat information for both loggerheads and leatherbacks. The updated TurtleWatch product provides a tool for dynamic management of the Hawaii-based shallow-set fishery to aid in the bycatch reduction of both species. Updating the management strategy to dynamically adapt to shifts in multi-species habitat use through time is a step towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management in pelagic ecosystems. C1 [Howell, Evan A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Hoover, Aimee] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Benson, Scott R.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Hoover, Aimee; Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Howell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM Evan.Howell@noaa.gov RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center); National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Region); National Marine Fisheries Service (Pacific Islands Region); National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Resources) FX The authors acknowledge R. Tapilatu (The State University of Papua-Marine Science Department), C. Hitipeuw (World Wildlife Fund for Nature-Indonesia), B. Samber (Papua Barat-Indonesia Forestry Department), and the communities of Saubeba and Wau for providing access to the nesting beaches and assistance with the telemetry deployments. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) provided research permits for telemetry deployments at the nesting beaches. We thank J. Douglas, J. Harvey, S. Hansen and T. Eguchi for providing assistance with in-water capture work off California. T. T. Jones, Y. Swimmer, S. Pooley, K. Frutchey and J. Wetherall provided valuable comments to improve the manuscript. The lead author also recognizes M. Seki, D. Kobayashi, S. Saitoh and members of the Center for Ocean Solutions' Dynamic Ocean Management workshop in December 2013 for discussion and advice in support of this research. Financial support and personnel for telemetry deployments were provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Southwest Region, Pacific Islands Region and Office of Protected Resources). We also thank B. Block, Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life, for providing some of the transmitters used in this study. Telemetry deployments were conducted under Endangered Species Act permit nos. 1159, 1227 and 1596 using approved animal handling protocols and in conformance with all applicable laws. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1111/fog.12092 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CA8ZZ UT WOS:000349211300005 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Brooks, EN Palmer, MC Churchill, JH AF Hare, Jonathan A. Brooks, Elizabeth N. Palmer, Michael C. Churchill, James H. TI Re-evaluating the effect of wind on recruitment in Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) using an environmentally-explicit stock recruitment model SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE fisheries oceanography; recruitment; stock assessment ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; WESTERN GULF; FISH; MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; FISHERIES; CLIMATE; COAST AB A previous study documented a correlation between Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment in the Gulf of Maine and an annual index of the north component of May winds. This correlation was supported by modeling studies that indicated strong recruitment of Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod results from high retention of spring-spawned larvae in years when winds were predominately out of the north, which favor downwelling. We re-evaluated this relationship using updated recruitment estimates and found that the correlation decreased between recruitment and wind. The original relationship was largely driven by two recruitment estimates, one of which (2005year-class) was highly uncertain because it was near the terminal year of the assessment. With additional data, the updated assessment estimated lower recruitment for the 2005year-class, which consequently lowered the correlation between recruitment and wind. We then investigated whether an environmentally-explicit stock recruit function that incorporated an annual wind index was supported by either the original or updated assessment output. Although incorporation of the annual wind index produced a better fitting model, the uncertainty in the estimated parameters and the implied unexploited conditions were not appropriate for providing management advice. These results suggest the need for caution in the development of environmentally-explicit stock recruitment relationships, in particular when basing relationships and hypotheses on recruitment estimates from the terminal years of stock assessment models. More broadly, this study highlights a number of sources of uncertainty that should be considered when analyzes are performed on the output of stock assessment models. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.; Palmer, Michael C.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Churchill, James H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov FU NMFS Fisheries and the Environment program [08-02, 10-08] FX We wish to thank the participants of the 2011 Gulf of Maine Atlantic Cod stock assessment working group for their comments and input during the development of this work. We also thank the NMFS Fisheries and the Environment program which funded the initial work of Churchill et al. (2011) (FATE Project 08-02) and funded Hare (FATE Project 10-08) to examine environmentally-explicit stock recruitment models. We also thank Richard Langton and three anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. We thank Rich Bell for advice regarding the fitting of environmentally-explicit stock recruitment relationships in R. We also acknowledge the contributions of James Ianelli (NMFS AFSC) who reviewed the manuscript and provided code for the environmentally explicit stock recruitment models in ADMB; our initial efforts were with MatLab and R. Acknowledgment of the above individuals does not imply their endorsement of this work; the authors have sole responsibility for the content of this contribution. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 BP 90 EP 105 DI 10.1111/fog.12095 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CA8ZZ UT WOS:000349211300007 ER PT J AU Bacheler, NM Shertzer, KW AF Bacheler, Nathan M. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Estimating relative abundance and species richness from video surveys of reef fishes SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BAITED UNDERWATER VIDEO; SAMPLING SUFFICIENCY; ASSEMBLAGE SURVEYS; ESTUARINE FISH; BIODIVERSITY; SIZE; DENSITY; COUNTS; MODELS; ASSESSMENTS AB Underwater video sampling has become a common approach to index fish abundance and diversity, but little has been published on determining how much video to read. We used video data collected over a period of 6 years in the Gulf of Mexico to examine how the number of video frames read affects accuracy and precision of fish counts and estimates of species richness. To examine fish counts, we focused on case studies of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens), and scamp (Mycteroperca phenax). Using a bootstrap framework, we found that fish counts were unbiased when at least 5 of 1201 video frames within a 20-min video were read. The relative patterns of coefficients of variation (CVs) were nearly identical among species and declined as an inverse power function. Initial decreases in CVs were rapid as the number of frames read increased from 1 to 50. However, subsequent declines were modest, decreasing only by similar to 50% when the number of frames read increased by 300%. Estimated species richness increased asymptotically as the number of frames read increased from 25 to 200 frames, and reading 50 frames documented 86% of the species observed across all 1201 frames. Lastly, we used a generalized additive model to show that the most likely species to be missed were fast-swimming fishes that are solitary or form relatively small schools. Our results indicate that the most efficient use of resources (i.e., maximum information gained at the lowest cost) would be to read similar to 50 frames from each video. C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov FU Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program FX We thank M. Campbell, C. Gledhill, A. Pollack, and the Pascagoula laboratory of the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center for providing access to the Gulf of Mexico reef fish video data, the staff and crew members who participated in data collection, and the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program for funding. We also thank M. Campbell, A. Chester, P. Conn, A. Hohn, T. Kellison, P. Marraro, Z. Schobernd, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of this manuscript. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 113 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.7755/FB.113.1.2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CA5RZ UT WOS:000348966800002 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Potts, JC Carr, DR Cooper, M Lewis, J AF Burton, Michael L. Potts, Jennifer C. Carr, Daniel R. Cooper, Michael Lewis, Jessica TI Age, growth, and mortality of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) from the southeastern United States SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NATURAL MORTALITY; ROCK HIND; FISH; LONGEVITY; HABITAT; SIZE AB Gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) sampled from recreational and commercial vessels along the southeastern coast of the United States in 1990-2012 (n=6419) were aged by counting translucent bands on sectioned first dorsal spines. Analysis of type of spine edge (opaque or translucent) revealed that annuli formed during March-June, with a peak in April and May. Gray triggerfish were aged up to 15 years, and the largest fish measured 567 ram in fork length (FL). Weight-length relationships from a different set of sampled fish were ln(W)=2.98xln(FL)-17.5 (n=20,431; coefficient of determination [r(2)]=0.86), in-transform fit; W=3.1 x 10(-5) TL2.88 (n=7618), direct nonlinear fit; and FL=30.33+0.79xTL (n=8065; r(2)=0.84), where W=whole weight in grams, FL=fork length in millimeters, and TL=total length in millimeters. Mean observed sizes at ages 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 years were 305, 353, 391, 464, and 467 mm FL, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equation for gray triggerfish was L-t=457 (1-e((-0.33(t+1-58)))). Natural mortality (M) estimated by Hewitt and Hoenig's longevity-based method that integrates all ages was 0.28. Age-specific M values, estimated with the method of Charnov and others, were 0.65, 0.45, 0.38, 0.34, and 0.33 for ages 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15, respectively. Gray triggerfish recruited fully to recreational fisheries by age 4 and to the commercial fishery by age 5. Estimates of total mortality averaged 0.95 across all fisheries for the years 1986-2011. C1 [Burton, Michael L.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Carr, Daniel R.; Cooper, Michael; Lewis, Jessica] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Fivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM michael.burton@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 113 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.7755/FB.113.1.3 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CA5RZ UT WOS:000348966800003 ER PT J AU Temesgen, H Hoef, JMV AF Temesgen, Hailemariam Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI Evaluation of the spatial linear model, random forest and gradient nearest-neighbour methods for imputing potential productivity and biomass of the Pacific Northwest forests SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID COVARIANCE FUNCTION; AERIAL ATTRIBUTES; SATELLITE IMAGERY; INVENTORY DATA; K-MSN; PREDICTION; IMPUTATION; VARIABLES; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT AB Increasingly, forest management and conservation plans require spatially explicit information within a management or conservation unit. Forest biomass and potential productivity are critical variables for forest planning and assessment in the Pacific Northwest. Their values are often estimated from ground-measured sample data. For unsampled locations, forest analysts and planners lack forest productivity and biomass values, so values must be predicted. Using simulated data and forest inventory and analysis data collected in Oregon and Washington, we examined the performance of the spatial linear model (SLM), random forest (RF) and gradient nearest neighbour (GNN) for mapping and estimating biomass and potential productivity of Pacific Northwest forests. Simulations of artificial populations and subsamplings of forest biomass and productivity data showed that the SLM had smaller empirical root-mean-squared prediction errors (RMSPE) fora wide variety of data types, with generally less bias and better interval coverage than RF and GNN. These patterns held for both point predictions and for population averages, with the SLM reducing RMSPE by 30.0 and 52.6 per cent over two GNN methods in predicting point estimates for forest biomass and potential productivity. C1 [Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Temesgen, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hailemariam.temesgen@oregonstate.edu FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX This project received financial support from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA-NMFS. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X EI 1464-3626 J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD JAN PY 2015 VL 88 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpu036 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AZ6PB UT WOS:000348340200012 ER PT J AU Frolicher, TL Sarmiento, JL Paynter, DJ Dunne, JP Krasting, JP Winton, M AF Frolicher, Thomas L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Paynter, David J. Dunne, John P. Krasting, John P. Winton, Michael TI Dominance of the Southern Ocean in Anthropogenic Carbon and Heat Uptake in CMIP5 Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; SEA-LEVEL RISE; GLOBAL OCEAN; FORCING RESPONSE; HISTORICAL BIAS; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SYSTEM MODEL; WATER MASSES AB The authors assess the uptake, transport, and storage of oceanic anthropogenic carbon and heat over the period 1861-2005 in a new set of coupled carbon-climate Earth system models conducted for the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a particular focus on the Southern Ocean. Simulations show that the Southern Ocean south of 30 degrees S, occupying 30% of global surface ocean area, accounts for 43% 63% (42 + 5 PgC) of anthropogenic CO2 and 75% 622% (23 + 9 x 10(22) J) of heat uptake by the ocean over the historical period. Northward transport out of the Southern Ocean is vigorous, reducing the storage to 33 +/- 6 Pg anthropogenic carbon and 12 +/- 7 x 10(22) J heat in the region. The CMIP5 models, as a class, tend to underestimate the observation-based global anthropogenic carbon storage but simulate trends in global ocean heat storage over the last 50 years within uncertainties of observation-based estimates. CMIP5 models suggest global and Southern Ocean CO2 uptake have been largely unaffected by recent climate variability and change. Anthropogenic carbon and heat storage show a common broad-scale pattern of change, but ocean heat storage is more structured than ocean carbon storage. The results highlight the significance of the Southern Ocean for the global climate and as the region where models differ the most in representation of anthropogenic CO2 and, in particular, heat uptake. C1 [Frolicher, Thomas L.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paynter, David J.; Dunne, John P.; Krasting, John P.; Winton, Michael] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Frolicher, TL (reprint author), ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM thomas.froelicher@usys.ethz.ch RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU SNSF [PZ00PZ-14573]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative; BP FX We thank N. Gruber, K. Rodgers, S. Mikaloff Fletcher, and S. Griffies for discussions, and K. Olivo, M. Harrison, and U. Beyerle, who helped postprocessing the CMIP5 data. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. TLF acknowledges support by the SNSF (Ambizione Grant PZ00PZ-14573) and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support from BP. NR 94 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 BP 862 EP 886 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00117.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ4WB UT WOS:000348220100027 ER PT J AU Senft-Batoh, CD Dam, HG Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH Schlichting, CD AF Senft-Batoh, Christina D. Dam, Hans G. Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. Schlichting, Carl D. TI Influence of predator-prey evolutionary history, chemical alarm-cues, and feeding selection on induction of toxin production in a marine dinoflagellate SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE; INDUCED RESPONSES; ACARTIA-TONSA; COPEPODS; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; ZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEMS; DEFENSE; PROSPECTUS AB The dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense, produces paralytic shellfish toxins and co-occurs with populations of the copepod, Acartia hudsonica, from Maine, but not New Jersey. The hypothesis that history of co-occurrence between predator and prey effects the ability of prey to recognize and respond to predators with increased toxin production was tested for this copepod-alga interaction. When A. fundyense was exposed to waterborne cues released by copepods from Maine (indirect exposure) that were either starved or fed toxic cells, cell toxin quota increased by 35% compared to unexposed controls. The induced response was significantly less for cells exposed to waterborne cues of copepods from New Jersey, and induction (20%) was only elicited by this population when fed toxic cells. These results suggest that A. fundyense responded to a kairomone from copepods from Maine, but required a feeding cue from copepods from New Jersey. An increase of approximately 300% in cell toxin quota, however, occurred when cells were directly exposed to grazing, and was independent of copepod population. Evolutionary history, therefore, had no apparent effect when induction was underlain by feeding cues. In assays with a mixture of toxic and nontoxic cells, selection for the latter was evident, and also independent of copepod population. Selectivity for nontoxic cells, however, could not account for changes in cell toxin content in the mixture experiments. When A. fundyense was exposed to extracts of toxic or nontoxic Alexandrium, toxin production increased significantly (23%), suggesting modest induction by an alga-to-alga alarm signal. C1 [Senft-Batoh, Christina D.; Dam, Hans G.; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] Milford Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT USA. [Schlichting, Carl D.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA. RP Dam, HG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM hans.dam@uconn.edu FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program [NA06NOS4780249]; National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences [0648126, 1130284]; Connecticut Sea Grant [R/LR-21]; Department of Marine Sciences; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut; Lerner-Grey Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Quebec-Labrador Fund, Sounds Conservancy Program FX Research was supported by grants from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms program, grant NA06NOS4780249, National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences grants 0648126 and 1130284, and Connecticut Sea Grant R/LR-21. Additional support came from the Department of Marine Sciences and the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut, and from award from the Lerner-Grey Fund of the American Museum of Natural History and the Quebec-Labrador Fund, Sounds Conservancy Program. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 60 IS 1 BP 318 EP 328 DI 10.1002/lno.10027 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CA7FH UT WOS:000349082600026 ER PT J AU Miguel, Y Kaltenegger, L Linsky, JL Rugheimer, S AF Miguel, Yamila Kaltenegger, Lisa Linsky, Jeffrey L. Rugheimer, Sarah TI The effect of Lyman alpha radiation on mini-Neptune atmospheres around M stars: application to GJ 436b SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: general; planets and satellites: individual: GJ 436b ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANSITING HOT NEPTUNE; M-DWARF GJ-436; HD 189733B; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GIANT PLANETS; MASS PLANET; SUPER-EARTH; EXOPLANET AB Mini-Neptunes orbiting M stars are a growing population of known exoplanets. Some of them are located very close to their host star, receiving large amounts of UV radiation. Many M stars emit strong chromospheric emission in the H I Lyman alpha line (Ly alpha) at 1215.67 angstrom, the brightest far-UV emission line. We show that the effect of incoming Lya flux can significantly change the photochemistry of mini-Neptunes' atmospheres. We use GJ 436b as an example, considering different metallicities for its atmospheric composition. For solar composition, H2O-mixing ratios show the largest change because of Lya radiation. H2O absorbs most of this radiation, thereby shielding CH4, whose dissociation is driven mainly by radiation at other far-UV wavelengths (similar to 1300 angstrom). H2O photolysis also affects other species in the atmosphere, including H, H-2, CO2, CO, OH and O. For an atmosphere with high metallicity, H2O- and CO2-mixing ratios show the biggest change, thereby shielding CH4. Direct measurements of the UV flux of the host stars are important for understanding the photochemistry in exoplanets' atmospheres. This is crucial, especially in the region between 1 and 10(-6) bars, which is the part of the atmosphere that generates most of the observable spectral features. C1 [Miguel, Yamila; Kaltenegger, Lisa] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kaltenegger, Lisa; Rugheimer, Sarah] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miguel, Y (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM miguel@mpia.de FU DFG [ENP Ka 3142/1-1]; Space Telescope Science Institute FX We would like to thank Ravi Kopparapu, James Kasting, Dimitar Sasselov, Kevin France and Yan Betremieux for useful discussions. Special thanks to Julianne Moses, for fruitful discussions and providing the thermal structure of high-metallicity GJ 436b atmosphere. YM and LK acknowledge DFG funding ENP Ka 3142/1-1 and the Simons Foundation. JLL acknowledges support from the Space Telescope Science Institute. This work has made use of the MUSCLES M dwarf UV radiation field data base. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 446 IS 1 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1093/mnras/stu2107 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AY3ZP UT WOS:000347518300024 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Trassin, M Gao, Y Gao, Y Qiu, DN Ashraf, K Nan, TX Yang, X Bowden, SR Pierce, DT Stiles, MD Unguris, J Liu, M Howe, BM Brown, GJ Salahuddin, S Ramesh, R Sun, NX AF Zhou, Ziyao Trassin, Morgan Gao, Ya Gao, Yuan Qiu, Diana Ashraf, Khalid Nan, Tianxiang Yang, Xi Bowden, S. R. Pierce, D. T. Stiles, M. D. Unguris, J. Liu, Ming Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Salahuddin, S. Ramesh, R. Sun, Nian X. TI Probing electric field control of magnetism using ferromagnetic resonances SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM HETEROSTRUCTURES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE BIAS; MULTIFERROICS AB Exchange coupled CoFe/BiFeO3 thin-film heterostructures show great promise for power-efficient electric field-induced 180 degrees magnetization switching. However, the coupling mechanism and precise qualification of the exchange coupling in CoFe/BiFeO3 heterostructures have been elusive. Here we show direct evidence for electric field control of the magnetic state in exchange coupled CoFe/BiFeO3 through electric field-dependent ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and nanoscale spatially resolved magnetic imaging. Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis images reveal the coupling of the magnetization in the CoFe layer to the canted moment in the BiFeO3 layer. Electric field-dependent ferromagnetic resonance measurements quantify the exchange coupling strength and reveal that the CoFe magnetization is directly and reversibly modulated by the applied electric field through a similar to 180 degrees switching of the canted moment in BiFeO3. This constitutes an important step towards robust repeatable and non-volatile voltage-induced 180 degrees magnetization switching in thin-film multiferroic heterostructures and tunable RF/microwave devices. C1 [Zhou, Ziyao; Gao, Yuan; Nan, Tianxiang; Yang, Xi; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Trassin, Morgan; Gao, Ya; Ashraf, Khalid; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Qiu, Diana; Salahuddin, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowden, S. R.; Pierce, D. T.; Stiles, M. D.; Unguris, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Ming] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Key Lab, Minist Educ, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ming] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Int Ctr Dielectr Res, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, NX (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM n.sun@neu.edu RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Zhou, Ziyao/N-8398-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; Yang, Xi/E-6042-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Zhou, Ziyao/0000-0002-2389-1673; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X FU AFRL through UES [S-875-060-018]; Semiconductor Research Corporation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51328203]; National Science Foundation [EEC-1160504]; DARPA FAME programme FX We are grateful for helpful discussions with R. D. McMichael. The work at Northeastern University is financially supported by AFRL through UES Subcontract No. S-875-060-018, Semiconductor Research Corporation and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51328203. The work at UC Berkeley was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under grant number EEC-1160504 and the DARPA FAME programme. We would like to thank Ms. Liangchuan Sun for her schematic in Figure 2. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 17 U2 150 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 6 AR 6082 DI 10.1038/ncomms7082 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CA3UC UT WOS:000348831300009 PM 25631924 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Pronyaev, VG Capote, R Hale, GM Hambsch, FJ Kawano, T Kunieda, S Mannhart, W Nelson, RO Neudecker, D Schillebeeckx, P Simakov, S Smith, DL Talou, P Tao, X Wallner, A Wang, W AF Carlson, A. D. Pronyaev, V. G. Capote, R. Hale, G. M. Hambsch, F. -J. Kawano, T. Kunieda, S. Mannhart, W. Nelson, R. O. Neudecker, D. Schillebeeckx, P. Simakov, S. Smith, D. L. Talou, P. Tao, X. Wallner, A. Wang, W. TI Recent Work Leading Towards a New Evaluation of the Neutron Standards SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nuclear Data Covariances CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2014 CL Santa Fe, NM ID CAPTURE CROSS-SECTION; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; FISSION; SPECTRA; URANIUM; MODEL AB A new version of the ENDF/B library has been planned. The first step in producing this new library is evaluating the neutron standards. An evaluation is now underway with support from a Data Development Project of the IAEA. In addition to the neutron cross section standards, new evaluations are being done for prompt fission neutron spectra and a number of reference data. Efforts have been made to handle uncertainties in a proper way in these evaluations. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Capote, R.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Hale, G. M.; Kawano, T.; Nelson, R. O.; Neudecker, D.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hambsch, F. -J.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Data Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Mannhart, W.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tao, X.; Wang, W.] China Inst Atom Energy, China Nucl Data Ctr, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Wallner, A.] Univ Vienna, Vera Lab, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Wallner, A.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670 FU IAEA Nuclear Data Section; United States Department of Energy FX The support of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section and the United States Department of Energy in carrying out this work is appreciated. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JAN PY 2015 VL 123 SI SI BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.12.006 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AZ8UU UT WOS:000348490700008 ER PT J AU Marcogliese, DJ Jacobson, KC AF Marcogliese, David J. Jacobson, Kym C. TI Parasites as biological tags of marine, freshwater and anadromous fishes in North America from the tropics to the Arctic SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological tags; marine; freshwater; anadromous; fish; Atlantic; Pacific ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; ST-LAWRENCE-RIVER; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS LINNAEUS; SARDINES SARDINOPS-SAGAX; CAPE-BRETON SHELF; SCOTIAN SHELF AB Parasites have been considered as natural biological tags of marine fish populations in North America for almost 75 years. In the Northwest Atlantic, the most studied species include Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and the redfishes (Sebastes spp.). In the North Pacific, research has centred primarily on salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.). However, parasites have been applied as tags for numerous other pelagic and demersal species on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Relatively few studies have been undertaken in the Arctic, and these were designed to discriminate anadromous and resident salmonids (Salvelinus spp.). Although rarely applied in fresh waters, parasites have been used to delineate certain fish stocks within the Great Lakes-St Lawrence River basin. Anisakid nematodes and the copepod Sphyrion lumpi frequently prove useful indicators in the Northwest Atlantic, while myxozoan parasites prove very effective on the coast and open seas of the Pacific Ocean. Relative differences in the ability of parasites to discriminate between fish stocks on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts may be due to oceanographic and bathymetric differences between regions. Molecular techniques used to differentiate populations and species of parasites show promise in future applications in the field. C1 [Marcogliese, David J.] Environm Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Aquat Biodivers Sect,Sci & Technol Branch,St Lawr, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. [Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Marcogliese, DJ (reprint author), Environm Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Aquat Biodivers Sect,Sci & Technol Branch,St Lawr, 105 McGill,7th Floor, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada. EM david.marcogliese@ec.gc.ca NR 157 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 2015 VL 142 IS 1 SI SI BP 68 EP 89 DI 10.1017/S0031182014000110 PG 22 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CA8EJ UT WOS:000349149200006 PM 24612602 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Brodeur, RD Okey, TA Pauly, D AF Cheung, William W. L. Brodeur, Richard D. Okey, Thomas A. Pauly, Daniel TI Projecting future changes in distributions of pelagic fish species of Northeast Pacific shelf seas SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; FISHERIES CATCH; REGIME SHIFTS; BERING-SEA; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; UPWELLING ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL OCEAN; ABUNDANCE AB Marine life is being affected by changes in ocean conditions resulting from changes in climate and chemistry triggered by combustion of fossil fuels. Shifting spatial distributions of fish species is a major observed and predicted impact of these oceanographic changes, and such shifts may modify fish community structure considerably in particular locations and regions. We projected future range shifts of pelagic marine fishes of the Northeast Pacific shelf seas by 2050 relative to the present. We combined published data, expert knowledge, and pelagic fish survey data to predict current species distribution ranges of 28 fish species of the Northeast Pacific shelf seas that occur in the epipelagic zone and are well-represented in pelagic fish surveys. These represent a wide spectrum of sub-tropical to sub-polar species, with a wide range of life history characteristics. Using projected ocean condition changes from three different Earth System Models, we simulated changes in the spatial distribution of each species. We show that Northeast Pacific shelf seas may undergo considerable changes in the structure of its pelagic marine communities by mid-21st century. Ensembles of model projections suggest that the distribution centroids of the studied species are expected to shift poleward at an average rate of 30.1 +/- 2.34 (S.E.) km decade(-1) under the SRES A2 scenario from 2000 to 2050. The projected species range shifts result in a high rate of range expansion of this group of species into the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea. Rate of range contraction of these species is highest at the Aleutian Islands, and in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. We also predict increasing dominance of warmer water species in all regions. The projected changes in species assemblages may have large ecological and socio-economic implications through mismatches of co-evolved species, unexpected trophic effects, and shifts of fishing grounds. These results provide hypotheses of climate change impacts that can be tested using data collected by monitoring programmes in the region. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Changing Ocean Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fisheries Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Okey, Thomas A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Okey, Thomas A.] Ocean Integr Res, Victoria, BC V8V 2A4, Canada. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Sea Around Us, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM w.cheung@fisheries.ubc.ca RI , William/F-5104-2013 OI , William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU National Geographic Society; Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program and Natural Sciences; Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program; Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation, a programme of the Pew Charitable Trusts; University of British Columbia; Pew Charitable Trusts FX We sincerely thank J. Orsi, J. Harding, L. Haldorson, J. Moss, D. Beamish, M. Trudel, and B. Emmett for contributing the Pelagic Nekton Survey data. We thank N. Mantua for providing comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We also express our gratitude to NOAA's GFDL, IPSL and NCAR for providing us with outputs from their Earth System Models. WWLC acknowledges funding support from the National Geographic Society, Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. RDB's support comes from the Bonneville Power Administration and NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program. TAO's contributions were supported by a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation, a programme of the Pew Charitable Trusts. TAO also thanks PICES. DP acknowledges support from the Sea Around Us, a scientific collaboration between University of British Columbia and the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 74 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 130 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.09.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA6XD UT WOS:000349059800002 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Kourafalou, V Le Henaff, M Shay, LK Atlas, R AF Halliwell, George R., Jr. Kourafalou, Vassiliki Le Henaff, Matthieu Shay, Lynn K. Atlas, Robert TI OSSE impact analysis of airborne ocean surveys for improving upper-ocean dynamical and thermodynamical forecasts in the Gulf of Mexico SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID LAYER ENERGY RESPONSE; HEAT-CONTENT; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL HYCOM; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; LILI; HURRICANES; PREDICTION AB A prototype, rigorously validated ocean Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) system is used to evaluate the impact of different sampling strategies for rapid-response airborne ocean profile surveys in the eastern interior Gulf of Mexico. Impacts are assessed with respect to improving ocean analyses, and forecasts initialized from those analyses, for two applications: improving oil spill forecasts and improving the ocean model response to tropical cyclone (TC) forcing. Rapid model error growth in this region requires that repeat surveys be conducted frequently in time, with separation of less than 4 days required to approach maximum error reduction in model analyses. Substantial additional error reduction in model dynamical fields is achieved by deploying deep (1000 m) AXCTDs instead of shallow (400 m) AXBTs. Shallow AXBTs constrain the ocean thermal field over the upper 400 m nearly as well as deep AXCTDs. However, in addition to constraining ocean fields over a greater depth range, AXCTDs also measure salinity profiles and more accurately constrain upper-ocean density than AXBTs, leading to a more accurate representation of upper ocean pressure and velocity fields. Sampling AXCTD profiles over a one-half degree array compared to one degree leads to substantial additional error reduction by constraining variability with horizontal scales too small to be corrected by satellite altimetry assimilation. A 2-day lag in availability of airborne profiles does not increase errors in dynamical ocean fields, but it does increase errors in upper-ocean thermal field including Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP), demonstrating that these profiles must be rapidly made available for assimilation to improve TC forecasts. The additional error reduction in ocean analyses achieved by assimilation of airborne surveys translates into significantly improved forecasts persisting over time intervals ranging between 1 and 2 weeks for most model variables but several weeks for TCHP. In particular, upper-ocean temperature forecasts can be significantly improved for an extended interval of time by conducting airborne profile surveys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Halliwell, George R., Jr.] NOAA AOML PhOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kourafalou, Vassiliki; Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, MPO RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), NOAA AOML PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM george.halliwell@noaa.gov RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU USWRP Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project; NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality through the OSSE testbed; NOAA Science Box Grant; Physical Oceanography Division of NOAA/AOML; NOAA [NA10OAR4320143, NA13OAR4830224]; [OAR-M8R2WHSP01] FX Support is acknowledged from the USWRP Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project, from the NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality through the OSSE testbed, and from a NOAA Science Box Grant. GRH acknowledges support from Grant OAR-M8R2WHSP01 and from the Physical Oceanography Division of NOAA/AOML. VHK and MLH acknowledge support from NOAA NA10OAR4320143 and NA13OAR4830224. LKS acknowledges support from NOAA and BOEM in the acquisition and analysis of the oceanic profiles during DWH. LKS also acknowledges the pilots, technicians and engineers at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center who made it possible to acquire oceanographic profiles from the research aircraft during DWH. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 130 BP 32 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.09.004 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA6XD UT WOS:000349059800003 ER PT J AU McCarthy, GD Smeed, DA Johns, WE Frajka-Williams, E Moat, BI Rayner, D Baringer, MO Meinen, CS Collins, J Bryden, HL AF McCarthy, G. D. Smeed, D. A. Johns, W. E. Frajka-Williams, E. Moat, B. I. Rayner, D. Baringer, M. O. Meinen, C. S. Collins, J. Bryden, H. L. TI Measuring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26 degrees N SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; POLEWARD HEAT-TRANSPORT; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; EDDY-FILLED OCEAN; FLORIDA CURRENT; GULF-STREAM; RAPID ARRAY; VARIABILITY; 26.5-DEGREES-N; CURRENTS AB The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a key role in the global climate system through its redistribution of heat. Changes in the AMOC have been associated with large fluctuations in the earth's climate in the past and projections of AMOC decline in the future due to climate change motivate the continuous monitoring of the circulation. Since 2004, the RAPID monitoring array has been providing continuous estimates of the AMOC and associated heat transport at 26 degrees N in the North Atlantic. We describe how these measurements are made including the sampling strategy, the accuracies of parameters measured and the calculation of the AMOC. The strength of the AMOC and meridional heat transport are estimated as 17.2 Sv and 1.25 PW respectively from April 2004 to October 2012. The accuracy of ten day (annual) transports is 1.5 Sv (0.9 Sv). Improvements to the estimation of the transport above the shallowest instruments and deepest transports (including Antarctic Bottom Water), and the use of the new equation of state for seawater have reduced the estimated strength of the AMOC by 0.6 Sv relative to previous publications. As new basinwide AMOC monitoring projects begin in the South Atlantic and sub-polar North Atlantic, we present this thorough review of the methods and measurements of the original AMOC monitoring array. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCarthy, G. D.; Smeed, D. A.; Moat, B. I.; Rayner, D.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Johns, W. E.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Frajka-Williams, E.; Bryden, H. L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Baringer, M. O.; Meinen, C. S.] PHOD, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Collins, J.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, British Oceanog Data Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP McCarthy, GD (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM gerard.mccarthy@noc.ac.uk RI Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; OI Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Smeed, David/0000-0003-1740-1778 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID-WATCH program; US National Science Foundation (NSF) Meridional Overturning Circulation Heat-flux Array project; US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Western Boundary Time Series project FX The RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS array is a collaborative effort supported through the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID-WATCH program, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Meridional Overturning Circulation Heat-flux Array project, and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Western Boundary Time Series project. AMOC transport estimates including error estimates are freely available from www.rapid.ac.uk/rapidmoc. Florida Current transports estimates are available from www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent. MHT estimates can be found online at http:// www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/mocha. NR 76 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 130 BP 91 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2014.10.006 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CA6XD UT WOS:000349059800007 ER PT J AU Beechie, TJ Pess, GR Imaki, H Martin, A Alvarez, J Goodman, DH AF Beechie, Timothy J. Pess, George R. Imaki, Hiroo Martin, Aaron Alvarez, Justin Goodman, Damon H. TI Comparison of potential increases in juvenile salmonid rearing habitat capacity among alternative restoration scenarios, Trinity River, California SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternatives analysis; habitat capacity; restoration potential; restoration targets; river restoration ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; LIMITATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS AB River restoration plans often propose multiple rehabilitation actions to address key habitat impairments, but they rarely attempt to quantify the potential benefits of alternative sets of actions for targeted biota. We use geomorphic and biological analyses to estimate restoration potential under three alternative scenarios for a 64-km section of the Trinity River, California, between the North Fork Trinity River and Lewiston Dam, which is the focus of habitat rehabilitation efforts under the Trinity River Restoration Program. The three scenarios are (1) increasing habitat quality by wood additions and alcove construction, (2) increasing habitat quantity by increasing sinuosity and side-channel length, and (3) increasing both habitat quality and quantity. For each scenario, we used existing stream habitat and juvenile salmonid data from previous studies to estimate potential improvements in fry or pre-smolt production. The potential increase in Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) and O. mykiss (steelhead) fry rearing capacity was 62 and 67%, respectively, for Scenario 1 (increasing habitat quality), and 36 and 44% for Scenario 2 (increasing habitat quantity). Only the most optimistic Scenario 3 (increasing both habitat quality and quantity) more than doubles potential juvenile salmonid production (112% increase in Chinook fry capacity and 107% increase in steelhead fry capacity). These quantitative predictions are useful in developing realistic restoration targets and evaluating whether proposed restoration actions can achieve the aims of a restoration program. C1 [Beechie, Timothy J.; Pess, George R.; Imaki, Hiroo] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Martin, Aaron] Hoopa Valley Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Hoopa, CA 95546 USA. [Alvarez, Justin] Yurok Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Willow Creek, CA 95573 USA. [Goodman, Damon H.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Field Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Beechie, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for supporting this project, and C. Chamberlain and the TRRP for providing data and guidance for the analysis. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1111/rec.12131 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CA2AJ UT WOS:000348711100012 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA Creuziger, AA AF Iadicola, Mark A. Creuziger, Adam A. BE Jin, H Sciammarella, C Yoshida, S Lamberti, L TI Uncertainties of Digital Image Correlation Near Strain Localizations SO ADVANCEMENT OF OPTICAL METHODS IN EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 3 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 02-05, 2014 CL Greenville, SC SP Soc Expt Mech DE Digital image correlation; DIC; Measurement uncertainty; Monte Carlo method; Strain localization AB Estimates of the strain errors resulting from digital image correlation (DIC) measurements are desired for many uses. One application is the measurement of the strain localization near failure in forming limit testing of sheet metals. This work measures and statistically characterizes the displacement measurement uncertainties for a typical DIC system. These uncertainties are found to have nearly Normal probability distributions and were used as inputs into a Monte Carlo analysis to determine the resulting strain uncertainty. A limited parameter study was made using the Monte Carlo analysis. The results demonstrate that the strain measurement uncertainty is quantifiable, and reducing the virtual gauge length (over which the strain is determined) tends to increase the strain measurement uncertainty. Based on the results, curves relating the strain uncertainty to the DIC analysis parameters can be developed. These curves suggest a balance must be chosen between the optimum processing parameters to minimize the strain error or the parameters to minimize the virtual gauge length. For some engineering applications (e.g. forming limit testing), a smaller virtual gauge length might be preferred even if it results in a higher strain uncertainty, as long as that uncertainty is quantifiable. C1 [Iadicola, Mark A.; Creuziger, Adam A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-06985-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2015 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-06986-9_31 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB8XF UT WOS:000347773500031 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, PN Crowley, MF Nimlos, MR Sanders, AW Wiggins, GM Robichaud, D Donohoe, BS Foust, TD AF Ciesielski, Peter N. Crowley, Michael F. Nimlos, Mark R. Sanders, Aric W. Wiggins, Gavin M. Robichaud, Dave Donohoe, Bryon S. Foust, Thomas D. TI Biomass Particle Models with Realistic Morphology and Resolved Microstructure for Simulations of Intraparticle Transport Phenomena SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; BUBBLING FLUIDIZED-BEDS; FAST PYROLYSIS; HEAT-TRANSFER; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; WOOD PARTICLES; MASS-TRANSPORT; CORN STOVER; KINETICS; MOMENTUM AB Biomass exhibits a complex microstructure of directional pores that impact how heat and mass are transferred within biomass particles during conversion processes. However, models of biomass particles used in simulations of conversion processes typically employ oversimplified geometries such as spheres and cylinders and neglect intraparticle microstructure. Here we develop 3D models of biomass particles with size, morphology, and microstructure based on parameters obtained from quantitative image analysis. We obtain measurements of particle size and morphology by analyzing large ensembles of particles that result from typical size reduction methods, and we delineate several representative size classes. Microstructural parameters, including cell wall thickness and cell lumen dimensions, are measured directly from micrographs of sectioned biomass. A general constructive solid geometry algorithm is presented that produces models of biomass particles based on these measurements. Next, we employ the parameters obtained from image analysis to construct models of three different particle size classes from two different feedstocks representing a hardwood poplar species (Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen) and a softwood pine (Pinus taeda, loblolly pine). Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the models and the effects explicit microstructure by performing finite-element simulations of intraparticle heat and mass transfer, and the results are compared to similar simulations using traditional simplified geometries. We show how the behavior of particle models with more realistic morphology and explicit microstructure departs from that of spherical models in simulations of transport phenomena and that species-dependent differences in microstructure impact simulation results in some cases. C1 [Ciesielski, Peter N.; Crowley, Michael F.; Donohoe, Bryon S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ciesielski, Peter N.; Nimlos, Mark R.; Robichaud, Dave; Foust, Thomas D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wiggins, Gavin M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Ciesielski, PN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM peter.ciesielski@nrel.gov FU Computational Pyrolysis Consortium - U.S. Department of Energy, BioEnergy Technologies Office (BETO); DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC36-08G028308]; Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000997] FX The constructive solid geometry algorithm, model visualization methods, and finite-element simulation portions of this work were supported by the Computational Pyrolysis Consortium funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, BioEnergy Technologies Office (BETO). Computational resources were provided by the National Renewable Energy Sciences Center supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08G028308. The imaging and image analysis part of this work was supported by the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0000997. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 1 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1021/ef502204v PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AZ2YB UT WOS:000348094100030 ER PT J AU Gencaga, D Knuth, KH Rossow, WB AF Gencaga, Deniz Knuth, Kevin H. Rossow, William B. TI A Recipe for the Estimation of Information Flow in a Dynamical System SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE transfer entropy; information flow; statistical dependency; mutual information; Shannon entropy; information-theoretical quantities; Lorenz equations ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; MUTUAL INFORMATION; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; ENTROPY; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Information-theoretic quantities, such as entropy and mutual information (MI), can be used to quantify the amount of information needed to describe a dataset or the information shared