FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Longmore, S Miller, S Bikos, D Lindsey, D Szoke, E Molenar, D Hillger, D Brummer, R Knaff, J AF Longmore, Scott Miller, Steven Bikos, Dan Lindsey, Daniel Szoke, Edward Molenar, Debra Hillger, Donald Brummer, Renate Knaff, John TI An Automated Mobile Phone Photo Relay and Display Concept Applicable to Operational Severe Weather Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TORNADO AB The increasing use of mobile phones (MPs) equipped with digital cameras and the ability to post images and information to the Internet in real time has significantly improved the ability to report events almost instantaneously. From the perspective of weather forecasters responsible for issuing severe weather warnings, the old adage holds that a picture is indeed worth a thousand words; a single digital image conveys significantly more information than a simple web-submitted text or phone-relayed report. Timely, quality-controlled, and value-added photography allows the forecaster to ascertain the validity and quality of storm reports. The posting of geolocated, time-stamped storm report photographs utilizing an MP application to U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Office (WFO) social media pages has generated recent positive feedback from forecasters. This study establishes the conceptual framework, architectural design, and pathway toward implementation of a formalized photo report (PR) system composed of 1) an MP application, 2) a processing and distribution system, and 3) the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System II (AWIPS II) data plug-in software. The requirements and anticipated appearance of such a PR system are presented, along with considerations for possible additional features and applications that extend the utility of the system beyond the realm of severe weather applications. C1 [Longmore, Scott; Miller, Steven; Bikos, Dan; Szoke, Edward; Brummer, Renate] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel; Molenar, Debra; Hillger, Donald; Knaff, John] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Longmore, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM scott.longmore@colostate.edu RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015; Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010; Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193; Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1356 EP 1363 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00230.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1VK UT WOS:000358208200005 ER PT J AU Ha, WN Bentz, DP Kahler, B Walsh, LJ AF Ha, William N. Bentz, Dale P. Kahler, Bill Walsh, Laurence J. TI D90: The Strongest Contributor to Setting Time in Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Portland Cement SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Hydration; mineral trioxide aggregate; particle size; Portland cement; root canal filling materials; setting time ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; SHAPE; MTA AB Introduction: The setting times of commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Portland cements vary. It was hypothesized that much of this variation was caused by differences in particle size distribution. Methods: Two gram samples from 11 MTA-type cements were analyzed by laser diffraction to determine their particle size distributions characterized by their percentile equivalent diameters (the 10th percentile, the median, and the 90th percentile [d90], respectively). Setting time data were received from manufacturers who performed indentation setting time tests as specified by the standards relevant to dentistry, ISO 6786 (9 respondents) or ISO 9917.1 (1 respondent), or not divulged to the authors (1 respondent). In a parallel experiment, 6 samples of different size graded Portland cements were produced using the same cement clinker. The measurement of setting time for Portland cement pastes was performed using American Society for Testing and Materials C 191. Cumulative heat release was measured using isothermal calorimetry to assess the reactions occurring during the setting of these pastes. In all experiments, linear correlations were assessed between setting times, heat release, and the 3 particle size parameters. Results: Particle size varied considerably among MTA cements. For MTA cements, d90 was the particle size characteristic showing the highest positive linear correlation with setting time (r = 0.538). For Portland cement, d90 gave an even higher linear correlation for the initial setting time (r = 0.804) and the final setting time (r = 0.873) and exhibited a strong negative linear correlation for cumulative heat release (r = 0.901). Conclusions: Smaller particle sizes result in faster setting times, with d90 (the largest particles) being most closely correlated with the setting times of the samples. C1 [Ha, William N.; Kahler, Bill; Walsh, Laurence J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, UQ Oral Hlth Ctr, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ha, WN (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia. EM w.ha@uq.edu.au OI Bentz, Dale/0000-0002-7435-2493; Ha, William/0000-0002-8208-0045; Walsh, Laurence/0000-0001-5874-5687 FU Australian Society of Endodontology; Australian Dental Research Foundation [2011001653] FX Supported by grants from the Australian Society of Endodontology and the Australian Dental Research Foundation (grant no. 2011001653). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 EI 1878-3554 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1146 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.033 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CM5ZR UT WOS:000357768000028 PM 25890869 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, K Fox-Kemper, B Forget, G AF McCaffrey, Katherine Fox-Kemper, Baylor Forget, Gael TI Estimates of Ocean Macroturbulence: Structure Function and Spectral Slope from Argo Profiling Floats SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTRUM; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; MIXED-LAYER; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; SCALE AB The Argo profiling float network has repeatedly sampled much of the World Ocean. This study uses Argo temperature and salinity data to form the tracer structure function of ocean variability at the macroscale (10-1000 km, mesoscale and above). Here, second-order temperature and salinity structure functions over horizontal separations are calculated along either pressure or potential density surfaces, which allows analysis of both active and passive tracer structure functions. Using Argo data, a map of global variance is created from the climatological average and each datum. When turbulence is homogeneous, the structure function slope from Argo can be related to the wavenumber spectrum slope in ocean temperature or salinity variability. This first application of structure function techniques to Argo data gives physically meaningful results based on bootstrapped confidence intervals, showing geographical dependence of the structure functions with slopes near 2/3 on average, independent of depth. C1 [McCaffrey, Katherine] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Forget, Gael] MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP McCaffrey, K (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM katherine.mccaffrey@noaa.gov RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048 FU CIRES/NOAA-ESRL Graduate Research Fellowship; NSF [0855010, 1245944, 1023499]; NASA project "Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) for CLIVAR'' FX This paper was inspired by conversations with Rod Frehlich. We wish that there had been more time with Rod, so that we could learn more from him. The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. K.M. was supported by the CIRES/NOAA-ESRL Graduate Research Fellowship. B.F.-K. was supported by NSF 0855010 and 1245944, and G.F. was supported in part through NASA project "Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) for CLIVAR'' and NSF 1023499. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1773 EP 1793 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0023.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CM8ZP UT WOS:000357994200001 ER PT J AU Ponte, RM Chaudhuri, AH Vinogradov, SV AF Ponte, Rui M. Chaudhuri, Ayan H. Vinogradov, Sergey V. TI Long-Period Tides in an Atmospherically Driven, Stratified Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Ocean dynamics; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Sea level; Tides; Models and modeling; General circulation models ID BOTTOM PRESSURE; GLOBAL OCEAN; MODELS; EQUILIBRIUM; ROTATION; VOLUME; CYCLE AB Long-period tides (LPT) are studied using a stratified, primitive equation model on a global domain and in the presence of a fully developed, atmospherically forced ocean general circulation. The major LPT constituents, from termensual to nodal (18.6 yr) periods, are examined. Ocean circulation variability can overwhelm the longest tide signals and make inferring LPT from data difficult, but model results suggest that bottom pressure offers cleaner signal-to-noise ratios than sea level, particularly at low latitudes where atmospherically driven variability is substantially stronger at the surface than at the bottom. Most tides exhibit a significant large-scale dynamic response, with the tendency for weaker nonequilibrium signals in the Atlantic compared to the Pacific as seen in previous studies. However, across most tidal lines, the largest dynamic signals tend to occur in the Arctic and Nordic Seas and also in Hudson Bay. Bathymetry and coastal geometry contribute to the modeled nonequilibrium behavior. Baroclinic effects tend to increase with the tidal period. Apart from short spatial-scale modulations associated with topographic interactions, the excitation of various propagating baroclinic wave modes is clearly part of the modeled LPT, particularly at tropical latitudes, for fortnightly and longer-period tides. C1 [Ponte, Rui M.; Chaudhuri, Ayan H.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Vinogradov, Sergey V.] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ponte, RM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM rponte@aer.com FU NASA [NNX11AQ12G]; NSF [OCE-0961507] FX This work was partly funded by NASA Grant NNX11AQ12G and by NSF Grant OCE-0961507. We thank Richard Ray for providing the tidal forcing code, Patrick Heimbach and Gael Forget for help with MITgcm codes and setup, and Chris Hughes and an anonymous referee for their helpful reviews of the original manuscript. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1917 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0006.1 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CM8ZP UT WOS:000357994200009 ER PT J AU Wang, GL Hong, Y Liu, LP Wong, WK Zahraei, A Lakshmanan, V AF Wang, Gaili Hong, Yang Liu, Liping Wong, Wai Kin Zahraei, Ali Lakshmanan, Valliappa TI Inter-comparison of radar-based nowcasting schemes in the Jianghuai River Basin, China SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE inter-comparison; nowcasting; forecast performances; radar mosaic ID PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; DOPPLER RADAR; PART I; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; ASSIMILATION; FORECAST; TRACKING AB The primary objective of this study is to compare the forecasting skill of two nowcasting schemes, the Multi-scale Tracking Radar Echoes by Cross-correlation (MTREC) in current usage and the newly developed Multi-scale Tracking and Forecasting Radar Echoes (MTaFRE) used by the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LaSW) of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science (CAMS), with the Eulerian Persistence Model (EPM) scheme as a benchmark, and the state-of-the-art Watershed-Clustering Nowcasting (WCN) scheme, which is part of the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II) developed at the University of Oklahoma and the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The inter-comparison considers six heavy-rain events and one month of radar data observed by radar networks of the Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA) located in the Jianghuai River Basin. Four sets of forecast fields up to the next 180min with an interval of 15min were generated by the four nowcasting algorithms, and the forecast performances were evaluated as a function of lead time. At an individual event level, the results show that no single model outperforms all others consistently in cross-skill categories at all lead-time intervals of the six events. Overall, EPM performs worse than the three Lagrangian persistent models (LPMs). The MTREC scheme performs slightly worse than the WCN scheme used in WDSS-II, and the MTaFRE scheme is most comparable to the WCN scheme. More importantly, this study confirms that the MTaFRE shows an improvement over its predecessor MTREC by using multi-scale moving mean windows effectively for different lead times. C1 [Wang, Gaili; Liu, Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Gaili; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Gaili; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wong, Wai Kin] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zahraei, Ali] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Natl Weather Ctr Rm 4610, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Special Fund for Basic Research and Operation of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science [2011Y004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40975014] FX This study was supported by the Special Fund for Basic Research and Operation of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science (Grant No. 2011Y004), and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40975014). The authors also acknowledge the computational facility provided by the HyDROS lab (http://hydro.ou.edu) at the National Weather Centre Advanced Radar Research Centre (http://arrc.ou.edu). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1350-4827 EI 1469-8080 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1002/met.1451 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM7NZ UT WOS:000357882500001 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Wang, SY Jin, J Clark, AJ AF Zhao, L. Wang, S-Y. Jin, J. Clark, A. J. TI Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of a rare springtime bow echo near the Great Salt Lake, USA SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE modelling; forecasting; numerical simulation; bow echo; Great Salt Lake ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; UNITED-STATES; PART II; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; WINTER PRECIPITATION; COORDINATE MODEL; SQUALL LINES; CLIMATOLOGY; GENESIS AB The semiarid climate and rugged terrain in the interior west of the United States do not favour the development of bow echoes, a type of convective storm associated with intense, damaging winds. However, on 21 April 2011, a bow echo associated with a fast-moving midtropospheric perturbation formed across the Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah, producing damaging winds along its path. Intrigued by the rarity of this bow echo and the inability of the North American Mesoscale model (NAM) to forecast it, this event was studied by using available observations and conducted simulations with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Sensitivity to the microphysics schemes (MPSs), horizontal grid spacing, intensity of moisture content, and a physical lake model in the WRF model were examined. It was found that: (a) reduction in grid spacing from 12 and 4km to 1km along with improved depiction of low-level moisture substantially improved the bow echo simulation, (b) the presence of GSL did not impact bow echo development, and (c) the WRF model appeared to inherit a phase error in the passage of the midtropospheric perturbation from the NAM initial and lateral boundary conditions. The phase error resulted in a 1-2h delay in the bow echo passage. These results highlight the difficulties in simulating such a bow echo event, and suggest similar challenges future faced by subsequent regional climate downscaling studies on future extreme weather in the western United States. C1 [Zhao, L.; Wang, S-Y.; Jin, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Zhao, L.; Jin, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Zhao, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Wang, S-Y.] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Clark, A. J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, A. J.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM simon.wang@usu.edu FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB03030300]; National Natural Science of foundation of China [41130961]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; NOAA MAPP [NA090AR4310195]; NASA [NNX13AC37G] FX Assistance of processing radar images by Chris Karstens is highly appreciated. This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Programme (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB03030300), National Natural Science of foundation of China (41130961), the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, the NOAA MAPP NA090AR4310195 grant and NASA Grant NNX13AC37G. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1350-4827 EI 1469-8080 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1002/met.1455 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM7NZ UT WOS:000357882500002 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Dai, Q Gupta, M Zhuo, L AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika Zhuo, Lu TI An introduction to factor analysis for radio frequency interference detection on satellite observations SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency interference; TRMM Microwave Imager; Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System; passive microwave radiometry; land surface retrieval; identification algorithm ID RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; AMSR-E; SOIL-MOISTURE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; SMOS SATELLITE; LAND; SCALE; TRMM AB A novel radio frequency interference (RFI) detection method is introduced for satellite-borne passive microwave radiometer observations. This method is based on factor analysis, in which variability among observed and correlated variables is described in terms of factors. In the present study, this method is applied to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and Aqua/Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) satellite measurements over the land surface to detect the RFI signals, respectively, in 10 and 6GHz channels. The RFI detection results are compared with other traditional methods, such as spectral difference method and principal component analysis (PCA) method. It has been found that the newly proposed method is able to detect RFI signals in the C- and X-band radiometer channels as effectively as the conventional PCA method. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Dai, Qiang; Zhuo, Lu] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Civil Engn, Delhi, India. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1350-4827 EI 1469-8080 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 436 EP 443 DI 10.1002/met.1473 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM7NZ UT WOS:000357882500015 ER PT J AU Collins, W Tissot, P AF Collins, Waylon Tissot, Philippe TI An artificial neural network model to predict thunderstorms within 400 km(2) South Texas domains SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE artificial neural networks; multi-linear regression; thunderstorm prediction; feature selection ID BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS; MOIST CONVECTION; PART I; ATMOSPHERIC CONTROLS; LAND-SURFACE; INITIATION; FORECAST; SCALE; SIMULATION; STORMS AB Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict thunderstorm occurrence within three separate 400 km(2) regions, 9, 12 and 15 h (+/- 2 h) in advance. The predictors include output from deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction models and from sub-grid scale soil moisture magnitude and heterogeneity estimates. The feed-forward multi-layer perceptron ANN topology, with one hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer, was chosen. Two sets of nine ANN models each were developed; one set was developed after a filtering-based feature selection technique was used to determine the predictor subset from 43 potential predictors. The other models were developed based on all 43 predictors. For each of the 18 models, a wrapper technique was used to determine the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer. Thunderstorm artificial neural network (TANN) model performance was compared to that of multi-linear regression (MLR) models, and to human forecasters (NDFD), based on a novel data set. Results reveal that for several of the nine box/prediction hour combinations with respect to at least one skill-based performance metric, the TANN model's performance exceeded that of the MLR models and NDFD. Yet, the performance of both the MLR models and NDFD were superior to that of the corresponding TANN models in several other cases. Results indicate that the TANN models can provide automated predictions with skills similar to that of operational forecasters. Comparisons of the two sets of TANN models reveal utility in the use of feature selection. C1 [Collins, Waylon] Natl Weather Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. [Tissot, Philippe] Texas A&M Univ, Conrad Blucher Inst Surveying & Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Collins, W (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. EM waylon.collins@noaa.gov OI Tissot, Philippe/0000-0002-2954-2378 FU United States Department of Commerce FX This study represents the outgrowth of a project initially funded by a 2005 United States Department of Commerce Pioneer Grant. A number of individuals and organizations provided invaluable assistance. We sincerely thank Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMUCC) Professor Rick Smith for the application of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) expertise to generate Figure 1 with minimal error. Anthony Reisinger (TAMUCC) provided enhancements to Figure 1. We recognize the contribution of Sergey Reid and Julien Clifford (TAMUCC) who created Figure 4. We are grateful to Rick Hay (TAMUCC Center for Water Supply Studies), Arthur Taylor (NOAA), Ingo Bethke and Niall Durham (TAMUCC) for providing the computer software necessary for much of the data processing. Further, Valery Dagostaro (NOAA/NWS), Irv Watson (NOAA/NWS), Robert Rozumalski (NOAA), Dan Swank (NCDC/NOMADS) provided selected source data sets. Finally, we thank Whitney Rutledge (TAMUCC), Alok Sahoo (Land Surface Hydrology Group - Princeton University), Matthew Grantham (NOAA/NWS), and Arthur Taylor for assistance with regard to the quality control of select calculations. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1350-4827 EI 1469-8080 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 650 EP 665 DI 10.1002/met.1499 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM7NZ UT WOS:000357882500036 ER PT J AU Evans, W Mathis, JT Ramsay, J Hetrick, J AF Evans, Wiley Mathis, Jeremy T. Ramsay, Jacqueline Hetrick, Jeff TI On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; SYSTEM; PCO(2); WATER; PH; DISTRIBUTIONS; SATURATION; ORGANISMS; IMPACT AB The invasion of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean is shifting the marine carbonate system such that saturation states of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals are decreasing, and this is having a detrimental impact on early life stages of select shellfish species. The global, secular decrease in CaCO3 saturation states is occurring on top of a backdrop of large natural variability in coastal settings; progressively shifting the envelope of variability and leading to longer and more frequent exposure to adverse conditions. This is a great concern in the State of Alaska, a high-latitude setting vulnerable to rapid changes in the marine carbonate system, where an emerging shellfish industry plans major growth over the coming decades. Currently, the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery (APSH) in Seward, Alaska is the only hatchery in the state, and produces many shellfish species with early life stages known to be sensitive to low CaCO3 saturation states. Here we present the first land-based OA measurements made in an Alaskan shellfish hatchery, and detail the trends in the saturation state of aragonite (Omega(arag)), the more soluble form of CaCO3, over a 10-month period in the APSH seawater supply. These data indicate the largest changes are on the seasonal time scale, with extended periods of sub-optimal Omega(arag) levels (Omega(arag) < 1.5) in winter and autumn associated with elevated water column respiration and short-lived runoff events, respectively. The data pinpoint a 5-month window of reprieve with favorable Omega(arag) conditions above the sub-optimal Omega(arag) threshold, which under predicted upper-bound CO2 emissions trajectories is estimated to close by 2040. To date, many species in production at APSH remain untested in their response to OA, and the data presented here establish the current conditions at APSH as well as provide a framework for hatchery-based measurements in Alaska. The current and expected conditions seen at APSH are essential to consider for this developing Alaskan industry. C1 [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Ramsay, Jacqueline; Hetrick, Jeff] Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, AK USA. RP Evans, W (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wiley.evans@noaa.gov FU Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) FX This work was funded by the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0130384 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130384 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1CG UT WOS:000358153000066 PM 26131723 ER PT J AU Jansen, JK Brady, GM Hoef, JMV Boveng, PL AF Jansen, John K. Brady, Gavin M. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Boveng, Peter L. TI Spatially Estimating Disturbance of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; CONSEQUENCES; RESPONSES; RICHARDII; BEHAVIOR AB Tidewater glacial fjords in Alaska provide habitat for some of the largest aggregations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), with calved ice serving as platforms for birthing and nursing pups, molting, and resting. These fjords have also been popular destinations for tour ships for more than a century, with dramatic increases in vessel traffic since the 1980s. Seals on ice are known to flush into the water when approached by tour ships, but estimating the exposure to disturbance across populations is difficult. Using aerial transect sampling while simultaneously tracking vessel movements, we estimated the spatial overlap between seals on ice and cruise ships in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska, USA. By integrating previously estimated rates of disturbance as a function of distance with an 'intensity surface' modeled spatially from seal locations in the surveys, we calculated probabilities of seals flushing during three separate ship visits. By combining our estimate of seals flushed with a modeled estimate of the total fjord population, we predict that up to 14% of the seals (up to 11% of pups) hauled out would have flushed into the water, depending on the route taken by ships relative to seal aggregations. Such high potential for broad-scale disturbance by single vessels (when up to 4 ships visit per day) was unexpected and underscores the need to 1) better understand long-term effects of disturbance; 2) regularly monitor populations exposed to high vessel traffic; and 3) develop conservation measures to reduce seal-ship overlap. C1 [Jansen, John K.; Brady, Gavin M.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Boveng, Peter L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jansen, JK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.jansen@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service FX Funding for this research was provided by NOAA Fisheries Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0129798 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129798 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1CG UT WOS:000358153000040 PM 26132083 ER PT J AU Shongwe, ME Lennard, C Liebmann, B Kalognomou, EA Ntsangwane, L Pinto, I AF Shongwe, Mxolisi E. Lennard, Chris Liebmann, Brant Kalognomou, Evangelia-Anna Ntsangwane, Lucky Pinto, Izidine TI An evaluation of CORDEX regional climate models in simulating precipitation over Southern Africa SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CORDEX - Africa; regional climate model evaluation; rainfall characteristics ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINY-SEASON; CHARACTER; RAINFALL; AMERICA; ONSET AB This article evaluates the ability of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) regional climate models (RCMs) in simulating monthly rainfall variation during the austral summer half year (October to March) over southern Africa, the timing of the rainy season and the relative frequencies of rainfall events of varying intensities. The phasing and amplitude of monthly rainfall evolution and the spatial progression of the wet season onset are well simulated by the models. Notwithstanding some systematic biases in a few models, the simulated onset and end of the rainy season and their interannual variability are highly correlated with those computed from the reference data. The strongest agreements between the reference and modelled precipitation patterns are found north of about 20 degrees S in the vicinity of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. A majority of the RCMs adequately capture the reference precipitation probability density functions, with a few showing a bias towards excessive light rainfall events. C1 [Shongwe, Mxolisi E.; Ntsangwane, Lucky] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Shongwe, Mxolisi E.; Pinto, Izidine] Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Lennard, Chris] Univ Cape Town, Climate Syst Anal Grp, ZA-7945 Cape Town, South Africa. [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Kalognomou, Evangelia-Anna] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Heat Transfer & Environm Engn, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Shongwe, ME (reprint author), South African Weather Serv, Private Bag X097, Pretoria, South Africa. EM mxolisi.shongwe@weathersa.co.za FU Global Change System for Analysis, Research, and Training (START) through the Climate Systems Analysis Group of the University of Cape Town; World Climate Research Program (WCRP); Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN); International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP); Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI); European Union FX Review comments by Dr. Rachel James and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This paper is a contribution of the Southern African Analysis group to the CORDEX-Africa programme. The CORDEX-Africa programme was supported by the Global Change System for Analysis, Research, and Training (START) through the Climate Systems Analysis Group of the University of Cape Town. Support from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to the modelling groups contributing to the CORDEX-Africa program and to Grigory Nikulin from SMHI for post-processing the data to a common grid, data format and domain size to enable direct comparison in the analyses. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1002/asl2.538 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9HW UT WOS:000358020000003 ER PT J AU Ali, MM Nagamani, PV Sharma, N Gopal, RTV Rajeevan, M Goni, GJ Bourassa, MA AF Ali, M. M. Nagamani, P. V. Sharma, N. Gopal, R. T. Venu Rajeevan, M. Goni, G. J. Bourassa, Mark A. TI Relationship between ocean mean temperatures and Indian summer monsoon rainfall SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ocean mean temperature; Indian summer monsoon rainfall; remote sensing; sea surface height anomaly ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION AB Besides improving the understanding of the physics of the challenging problem of monsoon prediction, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the input parameters used in models. Sea-surface temperature (SST) is the only oceanographic parameter applied in most of the monsoon forecasting models, which many times do not represent the heat energy available to the atmosphere. We studied the impacts of ocean mean temperature (OMT), representing the heat energy of the upper ocean, and SST on the all India summer monsoon rainfall through a statistical relation during 1993-2013 and found that OMT has a better link than SST. C1 [Ali, M. M.; Nagamani, P. V.; Sharma, N.] Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Dept Space, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Gopal, R. T. Venu] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Minist Earth Sci, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Rajeevan, M.] Minist Earth Sci, New Delhi, India. [Goni, G. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Ali, MM (reprint author), Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM mmali110@gmail.com RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; , Ali/0000-0002-3821-6099; Thandlam, Venugopal Reddy/0000-0001-7771-1693 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1002/asl2.576 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9HW UT WOS:000358020000033 ER PT J AU Harrison, LR Dunne, T Fisher, GB AF Harrison, Lee R. Dunne, Thomas Fisher, G. Burch TI Hydraulic and geomorphic processes in an overbank flood along a meandering, gravel-bed river: implications for chute formation SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE meandering river; floodplain; chute cutoff; flow resistance; riparian vegetation ID MOBILE BED; POINT BARS; CHANNEL; FLOODPLAINS; DYNAMICS; MOTION; HYDRODYNAMICS; ADJUSTMENTS; TOPOGRAPHY; MECHANISMS AB Hydraulic interactions between rivers and floodplains produce off-channel chutes, the presence of which influences the routing of water and sediment and thus the planform evolution of meandering rivers. Detailed studies of the hydrologic exchanges between channels and floodplains are usually conducted in laboratory facilities, and studies documenting chute development are generally limited to qualitative observations. In this study, we use a reconstructed, gravel-bedded, meandering river as a field laboratory for studying these mechanisms at a realistic scale. Using an integrated field and modeling approach, we quantified the flow exchanges between the river channel and its floodplain during an overbank flood, and identified locations where flow had the capacity to erode floodplain chutes. Hydraulic measurements and modeling indicated high rates of flow exchange between the channel and floodplain, with flow rapidly decelerating as water was decanted from the channel onto the floodplain due to the frictional drag provided by substrate and vegetation. Peak shear stresses were greatest downstream of the maxima in bend curvature, along the concave bank, where terrestrial LiDAR scans indicate initial floodplain chute formation. A second chute has developed across the convex bank of a meander bend, in a location where sediment accretion, point bar development and plant colonization have created divergent flow paths between the main channel and floodplain. In both cases, the off-channel chutes are evolving slowly during infrequent floods due to the coarse nature of the floodplain, though rapid chute formation would be more likely in finer-grained floodplains. The controls on chute formation at these locations include the flood magnitude, river curvature, floodplain gradient, erodibility of the floodplain sediment, and the flow resistance provided by riparian vegetation. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Harrison, Lee R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dunne, Thomas] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fisher, G. Burch] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Harrison, LR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lee.harrison@noaa.gov OI Fisher, G. Burch/0000-0002-9133-3059; Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU Calfed Bay-Delta Authority Science Program [U-05SC-058]; NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Leverhulme Trust; Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) [84] FX The research was supported by Calfed Bay-Delta Authority Science Program grant U-05SC-058, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center (LRH), the Leverhulme Trust and a Visiting Professorship at the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS contribution 84) (TD). The authors thank Bodo Bookhagen for sharing his terrestrial LiDAR scanner. Erin Bray, Erica Meyers, Matt Meyers, Tom Snyder and Oliver Soong helped with data collection, and Carl Legleiter provided assistance in developing the kriged bed topography. A special thanks to Lynn Sullivan for piloting the jet-boat, without which the in-channel velocity measurements would not have been possible. Jose Constantine and Andrew Pike provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper. The authors also thank Andrew Nicholas and an anonymous reviewer for providing reviews that greatly improved this work. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1239 EP 1253 DI 10.1002/esp.3717 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CM3PB UT WOS:000357593600010 ER PT J AU Stanton, TK Chu, DZ Gelb, JM Tipple, GL Baik, K AF Stanton, Timothy K. Chu, Dezhang Gelb, James M. Tipple, George L. Baik, Kyungmin TI Interpreting Echo Statistics of Three Distinct Clutter Classes Measured With a Midfrequency Active Sonar: Accounting for Number of Scatterers, Scattering Statistics, and Beampattern Effects SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Beampattern; clutter; non-Rayleigh reverberation; reverberation statistics ID REVERBERATION; PATCHES; FISH AB A recently developed published approach to predict echo statistics is applied to clutter data that were collected with a midfrequency sonar and published in a separate independent study. This method explicitly accounts for the (finite) number of unresolved scatterers, the statistics associated with the arbitrary scattering properties of the individual scatterers [ but assumed to have identical echo probability density functions (pdfs) in this application], and beampattern effects which significantly affect the echo statistics due to each scatterer being randomly located in the sonar beam. The data had been categorized according to whether they were associated with bottom structures, diffuse compact clutter, and compact nonstationary (moving) clutter. In this paper, the recently developed method is incorporated in a two-component mixed pdf (mixed with a Rayleigh distribution to account for the diffuse background) to model the statistics of the three classes of clutter. This is the first such application of the model which had principally been validated only numerically. The degree to which the data are non-Rayleigh (heavy tailed) is reasonably predicted by the model and the number of scatterers per resolution cell is inferred for each type of clutter. C1 [Stanton, Timothy K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chu, Dezhang] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gelb, James M.; Tipple, George L.] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Baik, Kyungmin] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. RP Stanton, TK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tstanton@whoi.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0428, N00014-06-G-0218-34] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-09-1-0428 and N00014-06-G-0218-34. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 40 IS 3 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1109/JOE.2014.2346417 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CM8LO UT WOS:000357952700015 ER PT J AU Wrzesien, ML Pavelsky, TM Kapnick, SB Durand, MT Painter, TH AF Wrzesien, Melissa L. Pavelsky, Tamlin M. Kapnick, Sarah B. Durand, Michael T. Painter, Thomas H. TI Evaluation of snow cover fraction for regional climate simulations in the Sierra Nevada SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WRF; snow; mountain hydrology; regional climate ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; MODELING SYSTEM; SEASONAL SNOW; GRAIN-SIZE; LAND; PRECIPITATION; IMPLEMENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB Mountain snow cover plays an important role in regional climate due to its high albedo, its effects on atmospheric convection, and its influence on runoff. Snowpack water storage is also a critical water resource and understanding how it varies is of great social value. Models are often employed to reconstruct snowpack and explore and understand snow cover variability. Here, we use a new, accurate satellite-derived snow product to evaluate the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model, combined with the Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP), to simulate snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow water equivalent (SWE) in a 3-km domain over the central Sierra Nevada. WRF/Noah-MP SWE simulations improve on previous versions of the Noah land surface model by removing an early bias in snow melt, though a 2-day positive melt bias in SWE timing remains significant at the 90% confidence level. In addition, WRF/Noah-MP identifies the areas where snow is present to within 94.3% and captures large-scale variability in SCF. Temporal root mean squared error (RMSE) of the domain-average SCF was 1938.6km(2) (24%). However, our study shows that WRF/Noah-MP struggles to simulate SCF at finer spatial scales. The parameterization for SCF fails to produce temporal variations in grid-scale SCF, and depletion occurs too rapidly. As a result, the WRF/Noah-MP SCF parameterization reduces to a binary function in mountain environments. Sensitivity tests show that adjustment of the parameterization may improve simulation of SCF during accumulation or melt but does not remove the bias for the entire snow season. Although WRF/Noah-MP accurately simulates the presence or absence of snow, high-resolution, reliable SCF estimates may only be attainable if snow depletion parameterizations are designed specifically for complex topographical areas. C1 [Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah B.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wrzesien, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wrzesien.1@osu.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070; FU American Meteorological Society; NASA [NNX13AB63G]; NASA FX This work was supported in part by an American Meteorological Society Graduate Fellowship and NASA grant NNX13AB63G. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. We thank the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI) in Chapel Hill, NC for providing access to high-performance computing resources. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2472 EP 2484 DI 10.1002/joc.4136 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM7RO UT WOS:000357894100020 ER PT J AU Abhilash, S Sahai, AK Borah, N Joseph, S Chattopadhyay, R Sharmila, S Rajeevan, M Mapes, BE Kumar, A AF Abhilash, S. Sahai, A. K. Borah, N. Joseph, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Sharmila, S. Rajeevan, M. Mapes, B. E. Kumar, A. TI Improved Spread-Error Relationship and Probabilistic Prediction from the CFS-Based Grand Ensemble Prediction System SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; BREAK SPELLS; WEATHER; SKILL; MJO; MODELS AB This study describes an attempt to overcome the underdispersive nature of single-model ensembles (SMEs). As an Indo-U.S. collaboration designed to improve the prediction capabilities of models over the Indian monsoon region, the Climate Forecast System (CFS) model framework, developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP-CFSv2), is selected. This article describes a multimodel ensemble prediction system, using a suite of different variants of the CFSv2 model to increase the spread without relying on very different codes or potentially inferior models. The SMEs are generated not only by perturbing the initial condition, but also by using different resolutions, parameters, and coupling configurations of the same model (CFS and its atmosphere component, the Global Forecast System). Each of these configurations was created to address the role of different physical mechanisms known to influence error growth on the 10-20-day time scale. Last, the multimodel consensus forecast is developed, which includes ensemble-based uncertainty estimates. Statistical skill of this CFS-based Grand Ensemble Prediction System (CGEPS) is better than the best participating SME configuration, because increased ensemble spread reduces overconfidence errors. C1 [Abhilash, S.; Sahai, A. K.; Borah, N.; Joseph, S.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Sharmila, S.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Abhilash, S.; Mapes, B. E.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Rajeevan, M.] Minist Earth Sci, Earth Syst Sci Org, New Delhi, India. [Kumar, A.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in RI Sharmila, S./O-5615-2015; OI Sharmila, S./0000-0001-8102-2356; Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India, New Delhi; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi; National Monsoon Mission by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India [MM/SERP/Univ_Miami_USA/2013/INT-1/002] FX IITM is fully supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India, New Delhi. SS thanks the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi for a research fellowship. BEM gratefully acknowledges National Monsoon Mission financial support given by the Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, government of India (Grant/Project MM/SERP/Univ_Miami_USA/2013/INT-1/002). NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1569 EP 1578 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0200.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9AT UT WOS:000357998100013 ER PT J AU Barnston, AG Tippett, MK van den Dool, HM Unger, DA AF Barnston, Anthony G. Tippett, Michael K. van den Dool, Huug M. Unger, David A. TI Toward an Improved Multimodel ENSO Prediction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; FORECAST SKILL; SST; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY; PERFORMANCE; PACIFIC; MODELS AB Since 2002, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, later in partnership with the Climate Prediction Center, has issued an ENSO prediction product informally called the ENSO prediction plume. Here, measures to improve the reliability and usability of this product are investigated, including bias and amplitude corrections, the multimodel ensembling method, formulation of a probability distribution, and the format of the issued product. Analyses using a subset of the current set of plume models demonstrate the necessity to correct individual models for mean bias and, less urgent, also for amplitude bias, before combining their predictions. The individual ensemble members of all models are weighted equally in combining them to form a multimodel ensemble mean forecast, because apparent model skill differences, when not extreme, are indistinguishable from sampling error when based on a sample of 30 cases or less. This option results in models with larger ensemble numbers being weighted relatively more heavily. Last, a decision is made to use the historical hindcast skill to determine the forecast uncertainty distribution rather than the models' ensemble spreads, as the spreads may not always reproduce the skill-based uncertainty closely enough to create a probabilistically reliable uncertainty distribution. Thus, the individual model ensemble members are used only for forming the models' ensemble means and the multimodel forecast mean. In other situations, the multimodel member spread may be used directly. The study also leads to some new formats in which to more effectively show both the mean ENSO prediction and its probability distribution. C1 [Barnston, Anthony G.; Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [van den Dool, Huug M.; Unger, David A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Barnston, AG (reprint author), IRI, Monell Bldg,61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tonyb@iri.columbia.edu RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program [NA12OAR4310082] FX We thank Dr. Klaus Wolter for his thorough review of this paper and his set of constructive suggestions, and also the anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments and criticism. This study was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program Award NA12OAR4310082. Most of the authors participated in NOAA's Climate Prediction Task Force. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1579 EP 1595 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0188.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9AT UT WOS:000357998100014 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI The Use of CloudSat Data to Evaluate Retrievals of Total Ice Content in Precipitating Cloud Systems from Ground-Based Operational Radar Measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; REFLECTIVITY AB An approach is described to retrieve the total amount of ice in a vertical atmospheric column in precipitating clouds observed by the operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) systems. This amount expressed as ice water path (IWP) is retrieved using measurements obtained during standard WSR-88D scanning procedures performed when observing precipitation. WSR-88D-based IWP estimates are evaluated using dedicated cloud microphysical retrievals available from the CloudSat and auxiliary spaceborne measurements. The evaluation is performed using measurements obtained in extensive predominantly stratiform precipitation systems containing both ice hydrometeors aloft and rain near the ground. The analysis is based on retrievals of IWP from satellite and the ground-based KWGX and KSHV WSR-88D that are closely collocated in time and space. The comparison results indicate a relatively high correlation between satellite and WSR-88D IWP retrievals, with corresponding correlation coefficients of around 0.7. The mean relative differences between spaceborne and ground-based estimates are around 50%-60%, which is on the order of IWP retrieval uncertainties and is comparable to the differences among various operational CloudSat IWP products. The analysis performed in this study suggests that the quantitative information on ice content of precipitation systems can generally be obtained from operational WSR-88D measurements, when they perform routine scans to observe precipitation. The limitations of WSR-88D IWP estimates due to radar beam tilt restrictions and the overshooting effects due to Earth's sphericity are discussed. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX13AQ31G]; NOAA FX This study was funded in part by the NASA project NNX13AQ31G and the NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed project. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1663 EP 1674 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0032.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9AT UT WOS:000357998100018 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Turner, DD Zwink, A Thieman, MM Mlawer, EJ Shippert, T AF Shupe, Matthew D. Turner, David D. Zwink, Alexander Thieman, Mandana M. Mlawer, Eli J. Shippert, Timothy TI Deriving Arctic Cloud Microphysics at Barrow, Alaska: Algorithms, Results, and Radiative Closure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; STRATUS CLOUD; TERRA SATELLITE; FLUX ESTIMATION; DOPPLER RADAR; ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE AB Cloud phase and microphysical properties control the radiative effects of clouds in the climate system and are therefore crucial to characterize in a variety of conditions and locations. An Arctic-specific, ground-based, multisensor cloud retrieval system is described here and applied to 2 yr of observations from Barrow, Alaska. Over these 2 yr, clouds occurred 75% of the time, with cloud ice and liquid each occurring nearly 60% of the time. Liquid water occurred at least 25% of the time, even in winter, and existed up to heights of 8 km. The vertically integrated mass of liquid was typically larger than that of ice. While it is generally difficult to evaluate the overall uncertainty of a comprehensive cloud retrieval system of this type, radiative flux closure analyses were performed in which flux calculations using the derived microphysical properties were compared with measurements at the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Radiative closure biases were generally smaller for cloudy scenes relative to clear skies, while the variability of flux closure results was only moderately larger than under clear skies. The best closure at the surface was obtained for liquid-containing clouds. Radiative closure results were compared with those based on a similar, yet simpler, cloud retrieval system. These comparisons demonstrated the importance of accurate cloud-phase and cloud-type classification, and specifically the identification of liquid water, for determining radiative fluxes. Enhanced retrievals of liquid water path for thin clouds were also shown to improve radiative flux calculations. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Zwink, Alexander] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Thieman, Mandana M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Mlawer, Eli J.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Shippert, Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0011918, DE-SC0008830, DE-SC0000991, DE-FG01-06ER64167] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grants DE-SC0011918, DE-SC0008830, DE-SC0000991, and DE-FG01-06ER64167. Ground-based datasets were obtained from the ARM data archive (www.archive.arm.gov). Connor Flynn provided the MPL dataset. The CERES satellite data were subsected from the full CERES Terra and/or Aqua Edition 3A Single Scanner Footprint dataset, obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center (https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/order-data) and described online (http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/documents/DPC/DPC_current/pdfs/DPC_SSF-Ed3_R 5V2.pdf). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1675 EP 1689 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0054.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM9AT UT WOS:000357998100019 ER PT J AU Solomon, A AF Solomon, Amy TI Using initialized hindcasts to assess simulations of 1970-2009 equatorial Pacific SST, zonal wind stress, and surface flux trends (vol 27, pg 7385, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 [Solomon, Amy] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, Amy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 28 IS 13 BP 5475 EP 5475 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0295.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM2BZ UT WOS:000357485900003 ER PT J AU Barlow, J AF Barlow, Jay TI Inferring trackline detection probabilities, g(0), for cetaceans from apparent densities in different survey conditions SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; cetacean; detection probability; density; dolphin; g(0); line-transect; porpoise; survey; visual; whale ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ABUNDANCE; WATERS; REGRESSION; BIAS AB Visual line-transect surveys are commonly used to estimate cetacean abundance. A key parameter in such studies is g(0), the probability of detecting an animal that is directly on the transect line. This is typically considered to be constant for a species across survey conditions. A method is developed to estimate the relative values of g(0) in different survey conditions (Beaufort state) by comparing Beaufort-specific density estimates. The approach is based on fitting generalized additive models, with the presence of a sighting on a survey segment as the dependent variable, Beaufort state as the key explanatory variable, and year, latitude, and longitude as nuisance variables to control for real differences in density over time and space. Values of relative g(0) are estimated for 20 cetacean taxa using 175,000km of line-transect survey data from the eastern and central Pacific Ocean from 1986 to 2010. Results show that g(0) decreases as Beaufort state increases, even for visually conspicuous species. This effect is greatest for the least conspicuous species (rough-toothed dolphins, beaked whales, minke whales, and dwarf and pygmy sperm whales). Ignoring these large effects results in a nontrivial bias in cetacean abundance estimates. C1 [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jay.barlow@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 923 EP 943 DI 10.1111/mms.12205 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CM8WD UT WOS:000357982300006 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT Moreland, EE London, JM Dahle, SP Brady, GM Richmond, EL Yano, KM Boveng, PL AF McClintock, Brett T. Moreland, Erin E. London, Joshua M. Dahle, Shawn P. Brady, Gavin M. Richmond, Erin L. Yano, Kymberly M. Boveng, Peter L. TI Quantitative assessment of species identification in aerial transect surveys for ice-associated seals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; aerial survey; latent state model; partial state observation; Phocidae; ice-associated seals; photo-identification; satellite imagery; species misclassification; species misidentification; species occurrence ID OBSERVATION ERROR; MARINE MAMMALS; ABUNDANCE AB Technological advances have facilitated collection of vast quantities of photographic data from aerial surveys of marine mammals. However, when it is difficult to distinguish species from a distance, reliable identification from aerial images can often be challenging. This is the case for ice-associated seals, species for which global climate change has motivated intensive monitoring efforts in recent years. We assess species and age class identification from aerial images of four ice seal species (bearded seals, Erignathus barbatus; ribbon seals, Histriophoca fasciata; ringed seals, Pusa hispida; spotted seals, Phoca largha) in the Bering Sea. We also investigate the specific phenomenological and behavioral traits commonly associated with species identification and observer confidence. We generally found species and age class misidentification occurred at relatively low levels, but only 83% of spotted seals tended to be correctly identified (with 11% mistaken as ribbon seals). We also found certain traits were strong predictors for observed species, age class, or observer confidence. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that species misidentification is pervasive in passive sampling of animal populations. Even low levels of misidentification have been demonstrated to induce substantial biases in estimators of species distribution and abundance, and it is important that statistical models account for such errors. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; Moreland, Erin E.; London, Joshua M.; Dahle, Shawn P.; Brady, Gavin M.; Richmond, Erin L.; Yano, Kymberly M.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046 FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00017] FX The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Any use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply an endorsement by the U.S. Government. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Interagency Agreement M12PG00017). Aerial surveys were conducted under the authority of NMFS research permit 15126-02. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/mms.12206 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CM8WD UT WOS:000357982300013 ER PT J AU Rea, LD Christ, AM Hayden, AB Stegall, VK Farley, SD Stricker, CA Mellish, JAE Maniscalco, JM Waite, JN Burkanov, VN Pitcher, KW AF Rea, Lorrie D. Christ, Aaron M. Hayden, Alison B. Stegall, Vicki K. Farley, Sean D. Stricker, Craig A. Mellish, Jo-Ann E. Maniscalco, John M. Waite, Jason N. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Pitcher, Kenneth W. TI Age-specific vibrissae growth rates: A tool for determining the timing of ecologically important events in Steller sea lions SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vibrissae; growth rate; Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; stable isotopes ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; PHOCA-VITULINA; STABLE CARBON; FUR SEALS; PATTERNS; DIET AB Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) grow their vibrissae continually, providing a multiyear record suitable for ecological and physiological studies based on stable isotopes. An accurate age-specific vibrissae growth rate is essential for registering a chronology along the length of the record, and for interpreting the timing of ecologically important events. We utilized four methods to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae in fetal, rookery pup, young-of-the-year (YOY), yearling, subadult, and adult SSL. The majority of vibrissae were collected from SSL live-captured in Alaska and Russia between 2000 and 2013 (n = 1,115), however, vibrissae were also collected from six adult SSL found dead on haul-outs and rookeries during field excursions to increase the sample size of this underrepresented age group. Growth rates of vibrissae were generally slower in adult (0.44 +/- 0.15 cm/mo) and subadult (0.61 +/- 0.10 cm/mo) SSL than in YOY (0.87 +/- 0.28 cm/mo) and fetal (0.73 +/- 0.05 cm/mo) animals, but there was high individual variability in these growth rates within each age group. Some variability in vibrissae growth rates was attributed to the somatic growth rate of YOY sea lions between capture events (P = 0.014, r(2) = 0.206, n = 29). C1 [Rea, Lorrie D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rea, Lorrie D.; Christ, Aaron M.; Hayden, Alison B.; Stegall, Vicki K.; Farley, Sean D.; Pitcher, Kenneth W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mellish, Jo-Ann E.; Maniscalco, John M.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Mellish, Jo-Ann E.; Waite, Jason N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. RP Rea, LD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ldrea@alaska.edu FU NOAA; North Pacific Wildlife Consulting FX We would like to thank J. Hayes, K. Kokx, P. Rivera, L. Correa, S. Pierszalowski, and G. Johnson for laboratory preparation of samples and the dedicated field teams from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Steller Sea Lion Program, the Alaska Sea-Life Center (ASLC) Transient Juvenile Program, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Ecosystems Program, and the Russian Marine Mammal Ecology Program for sample collection. We would also like to thank the Alaska Stable Isotope Facility for sample analysis and the enthusiastic crews of the R/V Norseman I and II for helping make repeated captures of sea lions happen. The manuscript was also improved through comments provided by M. Wooller, K. Rode, and three anonymous reviewers. Funding provided through NOAA Cooperative Agreements. ADF& G research conducted under MMPA permits #358-1769 and 358-1888 and ADF&G ACUC #03-002 and #06-07. ASLC transiently captive research conducted under MMPA permits 881-1668 and 881-1890 and ASLC AUP 06-001 and 09-001. ASLC Chiswell Island research conducted under NMFS OPR Permit No. 14324, ASLC IACUC Protocol No. 07-001, and USFWS Special Use Permit No. 74500-03-045 for work on Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge lands. We thank P. Tuomi who served as attending veterinarian for most ASLC research. We thank R. Andrews for logistical and financial support for the collection of samples in Russia. Research in Russia was conducted under permits from Russian permitting agencies, the Federal Veterinary and Agricultural Control Service (Rosselkhoznadzor, Sakhalin Region), Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Department of the Federal Committee of Fisheries of Russia (Goskomrybolovstvo), and the Federal Environmental Control Service (Rosprirodnadzor) of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Alaska SeaLife Center, and was funded by grants from NOAA to the Alaska SeaLife Center and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Additional funding and logistical support was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1213 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/mms.12221 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CM8WD UT WOS:000357982300021 ER PT J AU Vu, ET Clark, C Catelani, K Kellar, NM Calambokidis, J AF Vu, Elizabeth T. Clark, Casey Catelani, Krista Kellar, Nicholas M. Calambokidis, John TI Seasonal blubber testosterone concentrations of male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; FEEDING SEASON; NORTH PACIFIC; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; STEROID-HORMONES; PREGNANCY; DOLPHINS C1 [Vu, Elizabeth T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Clark, Casey] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Catelani, Krista; Kellar, Nicholas M.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Vu, ET (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jeepurs@gmail.com OI Clark, Casey/0000-0002-6311-9768 FU Kellar Lab of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Pacific Life, The Ocean Foundation; American Cetacean Society; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) FX We would like to acknowledge John Hildebrand, Ana Sirovic, Sara Kerosky, Alyson Fleming, and conversations from the Southern California Marine Mammal Conference, from which the collaboration for this project was born. Support for the collection of samples from 2004 to 2006 came in part through support for the SPLASH project from the National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Life, and Marisla Foundation. Paulina Godoy, Erin Falcone, Greg Schorr, and Jim Harvey assisted with the collection of samples under NMFS permits #15271, 540-1811, and 540-1502. Funding for the lab analyses was subsidized by the Kellar Lab of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Pacific Life, The Ocean Foundation, and the American Cetacean Society. This study was done while ETV was supported by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG). We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who greatly contributed to this study. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1258 EP 1264 DI 10.1111/mms.12191 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CM8WD UT WOS:000357982300024 ER PT J AU Rosen, BS Soares, CG Hammer, CG Kunugi, KA DeWerd, LA AF Rosen, B. S. Soares, C. G. Hammer, C. G. Kunugi, K. A. DeWerd, L. A. TI A prototype, glassless densitometer traceable to primary optical standards for quantitative radiochromic film dosimetry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiochromic film; radiation dosimetry; film scanner calibration; film dosimetry ID FLAT-BED SCANNER; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION DOSIMETRY; GAFCHROMIC EBT2 FILM; DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; PHOTON-BEAM; WIDE-RANGE; CALIBRATION; LINEARIZATION; RADIOTHERAPY AB Purpose: To evaluate a prototype densitometer traceable to primary optical standards and compare its performance to an EPSON Expression (R) 10000XL flatbed scanner (the Epson) for quantitative radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry. Methods: A prototype traceable laser densitometry system (LDS) was developed to mitigate common film scanning artifacts, such as positional scan dependence and high noise in low-dose regions, by performing point-based measurements of RCF suspended in free-space using coherent light. The LDS and the Epson optical absorbance scales were calibrated up to 3 AU, using reference materials calibrated at a primary standards laboratory and a scanner calibration factor (SCF). Calibrated optical density (OD) was determined for 96 Gafchromic (R) EBT3 film segments before and after irradiation to one of 16 dose levels between 0 and 10 Gy, exposed to Co-60 in a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. The sensitivity was determined at each dose level and at two rotationally orthogonal readout orientations to obtain the sensitometric response of each RCF dosimetry system. LDS rotational scanning dependence was measured at nine angles between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, due to the expected interference between coherent light and polarizing EBT3 material. The response curves were fit to the analytic functions predicted by two physical response models: the two-parameter single-hit model and the four-parameter percolation model. Results: The LDS and the Epson absorbance measurements were linear to primary optical standards to within 0.2% and 0.3% up to 2 and 1 AU, respectively. At higher densities, the LDS had an over-response (2.5% at 3 AU) and the Epson an under-response (3.1% and 9.8% at 2 and 3 AU, respectively). The LDS and the Epson SCF over the applicable range were 0.968%+/-0.2% and 1.561%+/-0.3%, respectively. The positional scan dependence was evaluated on each digitizer and shown to be mitigated on the LDS, as compared to the Epson. Maximum EBT3 rotational dependence was found to have a strong dependence on dose (0.1% and 34% at 30 mGy and 5 Gy, respectively). The preferred EBT3 polymerization axis angle was constant within experimental uncertainties. In its most sensitive orientation, the LDS-measured EBT3 sensitivity was 7.13x10(-4) +/- 9.2x10(-6) AU/mGy, which represented a 4.5 fold increase over the Epson of 1.58x10(-4) +/- 9.8x10(-6) AU/mGy. To first order approximations, EBT3 response was linear up to 500 mGy to within 0.80% and to within 7.5% for the most sensitive LDS and the Epson orientations, respectively. The corresponding single-hit and percolation model relative residual norms were 0.082 and 0.074 for LDS as compared to 0.29 and 0.18 for the Epson, which represented a significant increase in LDS-measured agreement with the simple physical model. Less sensitive LDS and the Epson orientations showed a marked decrease in the physical model agreement, which suggested that suboptimal readout device characteristics may be the origin of the complex sensitometric functional forms currently required for accurate RCF dosimetry. Conclusions: The prototype densitometer was shown to be superior to a conventional scanner for quantitative RCF dosimetry based on physical models of film response. The Epson was shown to be a reliable tool for routine RCF dosimetry in a clinical setting, yet calibration to primary optical standards did not mitigate the necessity for complex, empirical functional form fitting. (C) 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Rosen, B. S.; Hammer, C. G.; Kunugi, K. A.; DeWerd, L. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Soares, C. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosen, BS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM bsrosen@wisc.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 4055 EP 4068 DI 10.1118/1.4922134 PG 14 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CM4WN UT WOS:000357686400027 PM 26133606 ER PT J AU Sturrock, AM Hunter, E Milton, JA Johnson, RC Waring, CP Trueman, CN AF Sturrock, Anna M. Hunter, Ewan Milton, J. Andrew Johnson, Rachel C. Waring, Colin P. Trueman, Clive N. CA EIMF TI Quantifying physiological influences on otolith microchemistry SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biochemistry; fisheries management; migration; oxygen isotopes; population structure; reproductive cycle; trace metal; vital effect ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; STABLE OXYGEN ISOTOPES; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; WATER TEMPERATURE; FISH OTOLITHS; BLOOD-PLASMA; STRIPED BASS AB Trace element concentrations in fish earstones (otoliths') are widely used to discriminate spatially discrete populations or individuals of marine fish, based on a commonly held assumption that physiological influences on otolith composition are minor, and thus variations in otolith elemental chemistry primarily reflect changes in ambient water chemistry. We carried out a long-term (1-year) experiment, serially sampling seawater, blood plasma and otoliths of mature and immature European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) to test relationships between otolith chemistry and environmental and physiological variables. Seasonal variations in otolith elemental composition did not track seawater concentrations, but instead reflected physiological controls on metal transport and biokinetics, which are likely moderated by ambient temperature. The influence of physiological factors on otolith composition was particularly evident in Sr/Ca ratios, the most widely used elemental marker in applied otolith microchemistry studies. Reproduction also triggered specific variations in otolith and blood plasma metal chemistry, especially Zn/Ca ratios in female fish, which could potentially serve as retrospective spawning indicators. The influence of physiology on the trace metal composition of otoliths may explain the success of microchemical stock discrimination in relatively homogenous marine environments, but could complicate alternative uses for trace element compositions in biominerals of higher organisms. C1 [Sturrock, Anna M.; Milton, J. Andrew; Trueman, Clive N.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Sturrock, Anna M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hunter, Ewan] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [EIMF] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh Ion Microprobe Facil, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, Midlothian, Scotland. [Johnson, Rachel C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Waring, Colin P.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Marine Sci, Eastney PO4 9LY, Hants, England. RP Sturrock, AM (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM a.sturrock@berkeley.edu; trueman@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Trueman, Clive/E-6925-2011; OI Hunter, Ewan/0000-0003-0140-2928 FU Fisheries Society of the British Isles PhD studentship; Defra [M1102]; Home Office [80/2260]; Delta Stewardship Council; Delta Science Program FX This research was funded by a Fisheries Society of the British Isles PhD studentship to AMS, and Defra contract M1102 Macroecology of marine finfish in UK waters and conducted in compliance with Home Office guidelines (Project License no. 80/2260). Additional financial support for AMS was provided by the Delta Stewardship Council and Delta Science Program. The Edinburgh Ion Microprobe facility (EIMF) is supported by NERC. We are extremely grateful for the analytical and logistical support provided by J. Craven, R. Hinton and C. De Hoog (EIMF); M. Cooper (NOCS); C. Stewart, S. Hetherington, M. Eade, M. Smith, A. Pliru, J. Pettigrew, L. Privitera and S. Milligan (CEFAS). We also appreciate the statistical support provided by H. Sturrock (UCSF), R. Inger (University of Exeter) and P. Challenor (University of Southampton). NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 7 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12381 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0DM UT WOS:000358083200007 ER PT J AU Sallis, S Quackenbush, NF Williams, DS Senger, M Woicik, JC White, BE Piper, LFJ AF Sallis, Shawn Quackenbush, Nicholas F. Williams, Deborah S. Senger, Mikell Woicik, Joseph C. White, Bruce E. Piper, Louis F. J. TI Deep subgap feature in amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide: Evidence against reduced indium SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amorphous materials; InGaZnO; transmission electron microscopy; transparent conductive oxides; work function; X-ray spectroscopy ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) is the archetypal transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor. Despite the gains made with a-IGZO over amorphous silicon in the last decade, the presence of deep subgap states in a-IGZO active layers facilitate instabilities in thin film transistor properties under negative bias illumination stress. Several candidates could contribute to the formation of states within the band gap. Here, we present evidence against In+ lone pair active electrons as the origin of the deep subgap features. No In+ species are observed, only In-0 nano-crystallites under certain oxygen deficient growth conditions. Our results further support under coordinated oxygen as the source of the deep subgap states. (C) 2015 WILEY - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Sallis, Shawn; Williams, Deborah S.; White, Bruce E.; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Quackenbush, Nicholas F.; Senger, Mikell; White, Bruce E.; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU Integrated Electronics Engineering Center (IEEC) at the State University of New York at Binghamton; New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR); Binghamton University; S3IP Small Grant program at Binghamton University; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank Dr. Intae Bae for assistance with the TEM measurements. This research was supported by a grant from the Integrated Electronics Engineering Center (IEEC) at the State University of New York at Binghamton. The IEEC is a New York State Center for Advanced Technology and receives funding from the New York State Foundation for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NYSTAR) as well as a consortium of industrial members. L.F.J.P. also acknowledges start-up funding from Binghamton University and the S3IP Small Grant program at Binghamton University. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. Beamline X24a is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 212 IS 7 BP 1471 EP 1475 DI 10.1002/pssa.201431806 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CM4UA UT WOS:000357679200010 ER PT J AU Lemaillet, P Bouchard, JP Allen, DW AF Lemaillet, Paul Bouchard, Jean-Pierre Allen, David W. TI Development of traceable measurement of the diffuse optical properties of solid reference standards for biomedical optics at National Institute of Standards and Technology SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATING-SPHERE; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; WAVELENGTH RANGE; NIR WAVELENGTHS; HUMAN SKIN; PHANTOMS; TISSUE; NM; CALIBRATION; SCATTERING AB The development of a national reference instrument dedicated to the measurement of the scattering and absorption properties of solid tissue-mimicking phantoms used as reference standards is presented. The optical properties of the phantoms are measured with a double-integrating sphere setup in the steady-state domain, coupled with an inversion routine of the adding-doubling procedure that allows for the computation of the uncertainty budget for the measurements. The results are compared to the phantom manufacturer's values obtained by a time-resolved approach. The results suggest that the agreement between these two independent methods is within the estimated uncertainties. This new reference instrument will provide optical biomedical research laboratories with reference values for absolute diffuse optical properties of phantom materials. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Lemaillet, Paul; Allen, David W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bouchard, Jean-Pierre] Natl Opt Inst, Quebec City, PQ G1P 4S4, Canada. RP Lemaillet, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lemaillet@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 19 BP 6118 EP 6127 DI 10.1364/AO.54.006118 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL9ZY UT WOS:000357339200036 PM 26193162 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Hazen, EL Friedlaender, AS Calambokidis, J DeRuiter, SL Stimpert, AK Southall, BL AF Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Hazen, Elliott L. Friedlaender, Ari S. Calambokidis, John DeRuiter, Stacy L. Stimpert, Alison K. Southall, Brandon L. TI Prey density and distribution drive the three-dimensional foraging strategies of the largest filter feeder SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baleen whales; bulk-filter feeding; foraging ecology; physiological ecology; predator-prey interactions ID WESTERN ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; HUMPBACK WHALES; FIN WHALES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; BASKING SHARKS; BALEEN WHALES; BODY-SIZE AB Despite their importance in determining the rate of both energy gain and expenditure, how the fine-scale kinematics of foraging are modified in response to changes in prey abundance and distribution remain poorly understood in many animal ecosystems. In the marine environment, bulk-filter feeders rely on dense aggregations of prey for energetically efficient foraging. Rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae) exhibit a unique form of filter feeding called lunge feeding, a process whereby discrete volumes of prey-laden water are intermittently engulfed and filtered. In many large rorqual species the size of engulfed water mass is commensurate with the whale's body size, yet is engulfed in just a few seconds. This filter-feeding mode thus requires precise coordination of the body and enlarged engulfment apparatus to maximize capture efficiency. Previous studies from whale-borne tags revealed that many rorqual species perform rolling behaviours when foraging. It has been hypothesized that such acrobatic manoeuvres may be required for efficient prey capture when prey manifest in small discrete patches, but to date there has been no comprehensive analysis of prey patch characteristics during lunge feeding events. We developed a null hypothesis that blue whale kinematics are independent of prey patch characteristics. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the foraging performance of blue whales, the largest filter-feeding predator and their functional response to variability in their sole prey source, krill using a generalized additive mixed model framework. We used a combination of animal-borne movement sensors and hydroacoustic prey mapping to simultaneously quantify the three-dimensional foraging kinematics of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and the characteristics of targeted krill patches. Our analyses rejected our null hypothesis, showing that blue whales performed more acrobatic manoeuvres, including 180 degrees and 360 degrees rolling lunges, when foraging on low-density krill patches. In contrast, whales targeting high-density krill patches involved less manoeuvring during lunges and higher lunge feeding rates. These data demonstrate that blue whales exhibit a range of adaptive foraging strategies that maximize prey capture in different ecological contexts. Because first principles indicate that manoeuvres require more energy compared with straight trajectories, our data reveal a previously unrecognized level of complexity in predator-prey interactions that are not accounted for in optimal foraging and energetic efficiency models. C1 [Goldbogen, Jeremy A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [DeRuiter, Stacy L.] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goldbogen, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM jergold@stanford.edu OI Goldbogen, Jeremy/0000-0002-4170-7294; DeRuiter, Stacy/0000-0002-0571-0306 FU Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Program; Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Program FX For logistical support and assistance in field operations, we thank the captains and crew of the R/V Truth, R/V Sproul, and Todd Pusser and all scientific personnel. The authors especially thank Douglas Nowacek for the use of prey mapping equipment. This study was conducted in accordance with US NMFS permit #14534 (issued to N. Cyr with B. Southall as chief scientist), the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (permit # 2010-004, issued to B. Southall) and a federal consistency determination from the California Coastal Commission. This work was primarily supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Program, as well as the Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Program. The authors claim no conflicts of interest. NR 82 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 22 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 SI SI BP 951 EP 961 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12395 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM5OT UT WOS:000357738300010 ER PT J AU Avolio, G Raffo, A Jargon, J Hale, PD Schreurs, DMMP Williams, DF AF Avolio, Gustavo Raffo, Antonio Jargon, Jeffrey Hale, Paul D. Schreurs, Dominique M. M. -P. Williams, Dylan F. TI Evaluation of Uncertainty in Temporal Waveforms of Microwave Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Microwave measurements uncertainty; microwave transistors; nonlinear de-embedding; vector-calibrated nonlinear measurements ID HARMONIC LOAD-PULL; NETWORK-ANALYZER; MODEL; ACCURACY; DESIGN; SYSTEM; PHASE AB We evaluate the uncertainty in on-wafer vector-calibrated nonlinear measurements with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Microwave Uncertainty Framework. We include in our analysis uncertainties in the passive calibration standards, power meter, NIST-traceable phase calibration reference, cable bending, and probe alignment. These uncertainties are propagated first to the electrical quantities across the terminals of the device-under-test, which was an on-wafer microwave transistor. Next, we propagate uncertainties to the transistor current-generator plane, whose temporal voltage/current waveforms and impedances are of interest for the design of power amplifiers. C1 [Avolio, Gustavo; Schreurs, Dominique M. M. -P.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT Div TELEMIC, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Raffo, Antonio] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Jargon, Jeffrey; Hale, Paul D.; Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Avolio, G (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT Div TELEMIC, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM gustavo.avolio@esat.kuleuven.be OI Avolio, Gustavo/0000-0002-8910-1638; Raffo, Antonio/0000-0002-8228-6561 FU FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium) FX This work was supported by FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2353 EP 2363 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2432765 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CM3YW UT WOS:000357622300027 ER PT J AU Lyons, K Preti, A Madigan, DJ Wells, RJD Blasius, ME Snodgrass, OE Kacev, D Harris, JD Dewar, H Kohin, S MacKenzie, K Lowe, CG AF Lyons, K. Preti, A. Madigan, D. J. Wells, R. J. D. Blasius, M. E. Snodgrass, O. E. Kacev, D. Harris, J. D. Dewar, H. Kohin, S. MacKenzie, K. Lowe, C. G. TI Insights into the life history and ecology of a large shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus captured in southern California SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contaminants; foraging ecology; life history; management ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; AGE VALIDATION; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GROWTH; RAFINESQUE; TRACKING; PACIFIC AB In June 2013, a record-breaking female Isurus oxyrinchus (total length 373 cm, mass 600 kg) was captured by rod and reel off Huntington Beach, California, where it was subsequently donated to research and provided a rare opportunity to collect the first data for a female I. oxyrinchus of this size. Counts of vertebral band pairs estimate the shark to have been c. 22 years old, depending upon assumptions of band-pair deposition rates, and the distended uteri and spent ovaries indicated that this shark had recently given birth. The stomach contained a c. 4 year-old female California sea lion Zalophus californianus that confirmed the high trophic position of this large I. oxyrinchus, which was corroborated with the high levels of measured contaminants and tissue isotope analyses. C1 [Lyons, K.; Blasius, M. E.; Lowe, C. G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Preti, A.; Snodgrass, O. E.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Preti, A.; Snodgrass, O. E.; Dewar, H.; Kohin, S.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Madigan, D. J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wells, R. J. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77554 USA. [Kacev, D.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Harris, J. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [MacKenzie, K.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci Zool, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. RP Lyons, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM kady.lyons@sbcglobal.net NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 87 IS 1 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1111/jfb.12709 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CM4WQ UT WOS:000357686800017 PM 25998058 ER PT J AU Stacy, BA Innis, CJ Daoust, PY Wyneken, J Miller, M Harris, H James, MC Christiansen, EF Foley, A AF Stacy, B. A. Innis, C. J. Daoust, P. -Y. Wyneken, J. Miller, M. Harris, H. James, M. C. Christiansen, E. F. Foley, A. TI Solitary Large Intestinal Diverticulitis in Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cecum; colon; diverticulitis; diverticulosis; leatherback sea turtle; pathology; sea turtle ID PATHOGENESIS AB Leatherback sea turtles are globally distributed and endangered throughout their range. There are limited data available on disease in this species. Initial observations of solitary large intestinal diverticulitis in multiple leatherbacks led to a multi-institutional review of cases. Of 31 subadult and adult turtles for which complete records were available, all had a single exudate-filled diverticulum, as large as 9.0 cm in diameter, arising from the large intestine immediately distal to the ileocecal junction. All lesions were chronic and characterized by ongoing inflammation, numerous intralesional bacteria, marked attenuation of the muscularis, ulceration, and secondary mucosal changes. In three cases, Morganella morganii was isolated from lesions. Diverticulitis was unrelated to the cause of death in all cases, although risk of perforation and other complications are possible. C1 [Stacy, B. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stacy, B. A.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Innis, C. J.] New England Aquarium, Dept Anim Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Daoust, P. -Y.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Wyneken, J.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Miller, M.] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Off Spill Prevent & Response, Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Harris, H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Morro Bay, CA USA. [James, M. C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Populat Ecol Div, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Christiansen, E. F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC USA. [Foley, A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville Field Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Stacy, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Brian.Stacy@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 712 EP 715 DI 10.1177/0300985814549211 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA CM2MT UT WOS:000357515400017 PM 25239052 ER PT J AU Xiang, BQ Zhao, M Jiang, XA Lin, SJ Li, T Fu, XH Vecchi, G AF Xiang, Baoqiang Zhao, Ming Jiang, Xianan Lin, Shian-Jiann Li, Tim Fu, Xiouhua Vecchi, Gabriel TI The 3-4-Week MJO Prediction Skill in a GFDL Coupled Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; CLIMATE MODELS; BOREAL SUMMER; PACIFIC; PREDICTABILITY; MODULATION; SIMULATION; RAINFALL AB Based on a new version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled model, the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) prediction skill in boreal wintertime (November-April) is evaluated by analyzing 11 years (2003-13) of hindcast experiments. The initial conditions are obtained by applying a simple nudging technique toward observations. Using the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index as a predictand, it is demonstrated that the MJO prediction skill can reach out to 27 days before the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) decreases to 0.5. The MJO forecast skill also shows relatively larger contrasts between target strong and weak cases (32 versus 7 days) than between initially strong and weak cases (29 versus 24 days). Meanwhile, a strong dependence on target phases is found, as opposed to relative skill independence from different initial phases. The MJO prediction skill is also shown to be about 29 days during the Dynamics of the MJO/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011 (DYNAMO/CINDY) field campaign period. This model's potential predictability, the upper bound of prediction skill, extends out to 42 days, revealing a considerable unutilized predictability and a great potential for improving current MJO prediction. C1 [Xiang, Baoqiang; Zhao, Ming; Lin, Shian-Jiann; Vecchi, Gabriel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang; Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Li, Tim; Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Xiang, BQ (reprint author), GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM baoqiang.xiang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; FU NOAA MAPP Program [NA12OAR4310075]; China National 973 project [2015CB453200]; Climate Program Office, Climate Variability and Predictability Program [GC14-252] FX We appreciate the help from Hye-Mi Kim and J. M. Neena. The authors also benefitted from the discussion with Isaac Held. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the NOAA MAPP Program under Awards NA12OAR4310075, China National 973 project 2015CB453200 (TL), and Climate Program Office, Climate Variability and Predictability Program (GC14-252). NR 58 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 28 IS 13 BP 5351 EP 5364 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0102.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM2BX UT WOS:000357485700020 ER PT J AU Weiss, CC Dowell, DC Schroeder, JL Skinner, PS Reinhart, AE Markowski, PM Richardson, YP AF Weiss, Christopher C. Dowell, David C. Schroeder, John L. Skinner, Patrick S. Reinhart, Anthony E. Markowski, Paul M. Richardson, Yvette P. TI A Comparison of Near-Surface Buoyancy and Baroclinity across Three VORTEX2 Supercell Intercepts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 5 JUNE 2009; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; DOPPLER RADAR; SIMULATED SUPERCELL; GOSHEN COUNTY; TORNADIC SUPERCELLS; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; PRETORNADIC PHASE; DUAL-DOPPLER; PART II AB Observations obtained during the second Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) are analyzed for three supercell intercepts. These intercepts used a fleet of deployable "StickNet" probes, complemented by mobile radars and a mobile mesonet, to map state quantities over the expanse of target storms. Two of the deployments occurred for different stages of a supercell storm near and east of Dumas, Texas, on 18 May 2010. A comparison of the thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics of the storm provides a possible explanation for why one phase was weakly tornadic and the other nontornadic. The weakly tornadic phase features a stronger horizontal virtual temperature gradient antiparallel to the forward-flank reflectivity gradient and perpendicular to the near-surface flow direction, suggesting that air parcels could acquire more significant baroclinic vorticity as they approach the low-level mesocyclone. The strongly tornadic 10 May 2010 case near Seminole, Oklahoma, features comparatively small virtual and equivalent potential temperature deficits, suggesting the strength of baroclinic zones may be less useful than the buoyancy near the mesocyclone for assessing tornado potential. The distribution of positive pressure perturbations and backed ground-relative winds within the forward flank are consistent with the notion of a "starburst" pattern of diverging winds associated with the forward-flank downdraft. Narrow (similar to 1 km wide) zones of intense baroclinic vorticity generation of O(similar to 10(-4)) s(-2) are shown to exist within precipitation on the forward and left sides of the mesocyclone in the Dumas intercepts, not dissimilar from such zones identified in recent high-resolution numerical studies. C1 [Weiss, Christopher C.; Schroeder, John L.; Skinner, Patrick S.; Reinhart, Anthony E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Markowski, Paul M.; Richardson, Yvette P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Weiss, CC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Box 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM chris.weiss@ttu.edu RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [AGS-0800542, AGS-0948492, AGS-1157646] FX The authors wish to thank all of the participants of the VORTEX2 project for their hard work and dedication over the 2-yr field phase, particularly Ian Giammanco and Brian Hirth for their assistance in maintaining the fleet of StickNet probes. We thank Joshua Wurman, Karen Kosiba, and Paul Robinson for DOW data from the D1WT deployment; Mike Biggerstaff for SMART-Radar data from the D2NT deployment; and Howie Bluestein, Mike French, and Bob Bluth for MWR-05XP data from the D2NT deployment. Robert Palmer and David Bodine are gratefully acknowledged for providing KOUN data from the 10 May 2010 (ST) case. We thank Glen Romine for providing mobile mesonet data from 10 May 2010 to verify the water intrusion issue in the rear-flank region. Eric Bruning is acknowledged for insightful discussions pertaining to the objective analysis methods employed. Many of the datasets were made available by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu). Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their efforts on this manuscript. The research presented is supported by NSF Grants AGS-0800542 and AGS-0948492 to Texas Tech University and AGS-1157646 to Penn State University. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 143 IS 7 BP 2736 EP 2753 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00307.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM3MO UT WOS:000357586600003 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Lebo, ZJ Morrison, HC AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Lebo, Zachary J. Morrison, Hughbert C. TI On the Mechanisms of Rain Formation in an Idealized Supercell Storm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; SIMULATED SQUALL LINE; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; PART I; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; SCHEME DESCRIPTION; VIDEO DISDROMETER; HABIT PREDICTION; RADAR DATA AB Deep convective storms produce raindrops through three mechanisms: condensation and coalescence growth of cloud liquid droplets (i.e., warm processes), melting of ice hydrometeors, and shedding from wet hailstones. To investigate the relative importance of these mechanisms and their contributions to exotic drop size distributions (DSDs) observed near the surface in supercell storms, an idealized simulation of a supercell is performed using a modified version of the Morrison two-moment microphysics scheme. The modified scheme includes separate categories for warm, shed, and melted rain. Rain originating from melting ice dominates the rain mass at low levels, especially along the right forward-flank precipitation shield, whereas shed-rain drops dominate a region within the left forward flank. Warm rain is only dominant in the upshear portion of the rear flank of the storm at low levels, though it dominates the total rain mass within the main updraft aloft. The warm-rain mass at low levels is associated with strong low-level downdrafts, consistent with previously published hypotheses based on polarimetric radar observations. Raindrops produced via warm processes are smaller on average than those produced by shedding and melting; drops in the latter class tend to be the largest. Overall, the simulations fail to reproduce the diverse nature of observed supercell DSDs, although the modified microphysics scheme does increase the variability of surface DSDs compared to the Control run. This implies that more sophisticated treatment of rain microphysics is needed to capture the natural variability of supercell DSDs, including the ability to evolve the DSD spectral shape through sedimentation and collisional processes. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Lebo, Zachary J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lebo, Zachary J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Morrison, Hughbert C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 513 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM kumjian@psu.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program [ER-65459]; National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program; NOAA's Climate Goal; U.S. DOE ASR [SC0008468] FX Partial support for MRK for this work comes from Grant ER-65459 from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program and from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program. ZJL would like to thank NOAA's Climate Goal for funding. HCM was partially supported by U.S. DOE ASR SC0008468. Professor Jerry Straka (University of Oklahoma) is thanked for useful discussions about his microphysics scheme over the years. We also acknowledge helpful discussions with Drs. Daniel T. Dawson and Alex Schenkman (CAPS/University of Oklahoma), Prof. Michael M. French (SUNY-Stony Brook), and Profs. Yvette Richardson and Paul Markowski (PSU). Prof. Matthew Van Den Broeke (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their valuable comments and criticisms, which significantly improved the clarity and presentation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 143 IS 7 BP 2754 EP 2773 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00402.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM3MO UT WOS:000357586600004 ER PT J AU Hou, D Lee, CC Yang, Z Schibli, TR AF Hou, D. Lee, C. -C. Yang, Z. Schibli, T. R. TI Timing jitter characterization of mode-locked lasers with < 1 zs/root Hz resolution using a simple optical heterodyne technique SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATTOSECOND; GENERATION; PULSES; PHASE; NOISE AB Timing jitter characterization of free-running mode-locked lasers with an unprecedented resolution is demonstrated using an optical heterodyne technique. A highly sensitive timing jitter phase-discrimination signal with low-parasitic-amplitude sensitivity is achieved. Analytical and numerical methods are used to analyze the properties of the discrimination signal. For an experimental demonstration, we measure the timing jitter between two loosely synchronized mode-locked Er:Yb:glass lasers with 500-MHz fundamental repetition rates. The timing jitter-detection noise floor for a single mode-locked laser reaches 2.8 x 10(-13) fs(2)/Hz (similar to 530 ys/root Hz), and the integrated timing jitter is 16.3 as from 10 kHz to the Nyquist frequency (250 MHz). These results show that this approach can be a simpler alternative to the well-established balanced optical cross-correlation technique. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hou, D.; Lee, C. -C.; Yang, Z.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hou, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dong.Hou@colorado.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) PULSE program (AMRDEC); NSF; DARPA PULSE program; AMRDEC FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) PULSE program (AMRDEC); NSF Early Career Award.; This work was supported by the DARPA PULSE program with a grant from AMRDEC and by the NSF Early Career Award. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 13 BP 2985 EP 2988 DI 10.1364/OL.40.002985 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CM2CH UT WOS:000357486800014 PM 26125348 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS Kilpatrick, EL Phinney, KW AF Lowenthal, Mark S. Kilpatrick, Eric L. Phinney, Karen W. TI Separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoproteins without the need for derivatization SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bioanalytical methods; HPLC; Mass spectrometry/ICP-MS; Separations/Instrumentation ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SIALIC ACIDS; CELL-SURFACE; N-GLYCANS; CASEIN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCATION; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Chromatographic separation of monosaccharides hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates or complex, aggregate biomaterials, can be achieved by classic analytical methods without a need for derivatizing the monosaccharide subunits. A simple and sensitive method is presented for characterizing underivatized monosaccharides following hydrolysis from N- and O-linked glycoproteins using high-performance liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). This method is adaptable for characterizing anything from purified glycoproteins to mixtures of glycoforms, for relative or absolute quantification applications, and even for the analysis of complex biomaterials. Use of an amide stationary phase with HILIC chromatography is demonstrated to retain the highly polar, underivatized monosaccharides and to resolve stereoisomers and potentially interfering contaminants. This work illustrates an original approach for characterization of N- and O-linked glycoprotein standards, mixtures, and for complex biological materials such as a total yeast extract. C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Kilpatrick, Eric L.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 407 IS 18 BP 5453 EP 5462 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8717-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CL2SW UT WOS:000356796000022 PM 25925863 ER PT J AU Anand, DM de Salis, RT Cheng, YJ Moyne, J Tilbury, DM AF Anand, Dhananjay M. de Salis, Rupert Tull Cheng, Yijie Moyne, James Tilbury, Dawn M. TI A Hierarchical Incentive Arbitration Scheme for Coordinated PEV Charging Stations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE Decentralized control; electrical vehicles; energy storage; power distribution ID IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES; NETWORKS; CONSENSUS AB Distribution utilities are becoming increasingly aware that their networks may struggle to accommodate a large number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), especially at times of peak loading. In this paper, a centralized scheduling scheme is formulated to coordinate charging of a heterogeneous PEV fleet, which is then divided into load groups, each with a set of local objectives, constraints, and a decentralized control algorithm. Realistic energy tariffs are used to formulate probable "real-world" objectives for each load group, and a distributed dynamic program is used to regulate the net load of each load group. It is shown that charging coordination not only reduces peak network loads, but can also significantly reduce the customer's PEV charging cost. Potential improvements from the perspective of communication and modeling are also highlighted by adopting a systematic approach to divide the PEV fleet into load groups. C1 [Anand, Dhananjay M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [de Salis, Rupert Tull] Borg Warner, Berlin, Germany. [Cheng, Yijie] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moyne, James; Tilbury, Dawn M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Anand, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM danand@umich.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB11D183] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 60NANB11D183. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 EI 1949-3061 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1775 EP 1784 DI 10.1109/TSG.2015.2408213 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CL2XL UT WOS:000356810900020 ER PT J AU Orwig, KD Ahlstrom, ML Banunarayanan, V Sharp, J Wilczak, JM Freedman, J Haupt, SE Cline, J Bartholomy, O Hamann, HF Hodge, BM Finley, C Nakafuji, D Peterson, JL Maggio, D Marquis, M AF Orwig, Kirsten D. Ahlstrom, Mark L. Banunarayanan, Venkat Sharp, Justin Wilczak, James M. Freedman, Jeffrey Haupt, Sue Ellen Cline, Joel Bartholomy, Obadiah Hamann, Hendrik F. Hodge, Bri-Mathias Finley, Catherine Nakafuji, Dora Peterson, Jack L. Maggio, David Marquis, Melinda TI Recent Trends in Variable Generation Forecasting and Its Value to the Power System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; large-scale integration; market design; power-system reliability; renewable energy; solar energy; variable generation; wind energy ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; WIND POWER; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; PREDICTION; MODEL; SPEED; INTEGRATION; ARPS AB The rapid deployment of wind and solar energy generation systems has resulted in a need to better understand, predict, and manage variable generation. The uncertainty around wind and solar power forecasts is still viewed by the power industry as being quite high, and many barriers to forecast adoption by power system operators still remain. In response, the U.S. Department of Energy has sponsored, in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, public, private, and academic organizations, two projects to advance wind and solar power forecasts. Additionally, several utilities and grid operators have recognized the value of adopting variable generation forecasting and have taken great strides to enhance their usage of forecasting. In parallel, power system markets and operations are evolving to integrate greater amounts of variable generation. This paper will discuss the recent trends in wind and solar power forecasting technologies in the U.S., the role of forecasting in an evolving power system framework, and the benefits to intended forecast users. C1 [Orwig, Kirsten D.; Hodge, Bri-Mathias] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ahlstrom, Mark L.] WindLogics, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Banunarayanan, Venkat] ICF Int & Dept Energy DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Sharp, Justin] Sharply Focused, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Wilczak, James M.; Marquis, Melinda] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Freedman, Jeffrey] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Haupt, Sue Ellen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Cline, Joel] DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Bartholomy, Obadiah] SMUD, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hamann, Hendrik F.] IBM Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Finley, Catherine] WindLogics, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Nakafuji, Dora] Hawaiian Elect Co, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Peterson, Jack L.] SCE, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. [Maggio, David] ERCOT, Taylor, TX 76574 USA. RP Orwig, KD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kirsten_orwig@swissre.com; mark@windlogics.com; venkat.banunarayanan@icfi.com; justin@sharply-focused.com; james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov; jfreedman@albany.edu; haupt@ucar.edu; joel.cline@ee.doe.gov; obartho@smud.org; hendrikh@us.ibm.com; bri.mathias.hodge@nrel.gov; catherine.finley@windlogics.com; dora.nakafuji@heco.com; jack.peterson@sce.com; david.maggio@ercot.com; melinda.marquis@noaa.gov RI Marquis, Melinda/K-8895-2015 NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3029 J9 IEEE T SUSTAIN ENERG JI IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy PD JUL PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 BP 924 EP 933 DI 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2366118 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CK8AX UT WOS:000356461100029 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Yaszemski, MJ Ratcliffe, A Tomlins, P Luginbuehl, R Tesk, JA AF Simon, Carl G., Jr. Yaszemski, Michael J. Ratcliffe, Anthony Tomlins, Paul Luginbuehl, Reto Tesk, John A. TI ASTM international workshop on standards and measurements for tissue engineering scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ASTM International; documentary standards; reference materials; tissue scaffold; workshop report ID CELL RESEARCH; LIMITATIONS; INDUSTRY AB The Workshop on Standards & Measurements for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds was held on May 21, 2013 in Indianapolis, IN, and was sponsored by the ASTM International (ASTM). The purpose of the workshop was to identify the highest priority items for future standards work for scaffolds used in the development and manufacture of tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs). Eighteen speakers and 78 attendees met to assess current scaffold standards and to prioritize needs for future standards. A key finding was that the ASTM TEMPs subcommittees (F04.41-46) have many active guide documents for educational purposes, but few standard test methods or practices. Overwhelmingly, the most clearly identified need was standards for measuring the structure of scaffolds, followed by standards for biological characterization, including in vitro testing, animal models and cell-material interactions. The third most pressing need was to develop standards for assessing the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Additional needs included standards for assessing scaffold degradation, clinical outcomes with scaffolds, effects of sterilization on scaffolds, scaffold composition, and drug release from scaffolds. Discussions highlighted the need for additional scaffold reference materials and the need to use them for measurement traceability. Workshop participants emphasized the need to promote the use of standards in scaffold fabrication, characterization, and commercialization. Finally, participants noted that standards would be more broadly accepted if their impact in the TEMPs community could be quantified. Many scaffold standard needs have been identified and focus is turning to generating these standards to support the use of scaffolds in TEMPs. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 949-959, 2015. C1 [Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yaszemski, Michael J.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN USA. [Yaszemski, Michael J.] Mayo Clin, Dept Biomed Engn, Rochester, MN USA. [Ratcliffe, Anthony] Synthasome Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Luginbuehl, Reto] RMS Fdn, Dept Biol & Chem, Bettlach, Switzerland. [Tesk, John A.] Biomed Mat & Devices Consulting, Highland, MD USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 5 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.33286 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CL0ZO UT WOS:000356671800001 PM 25220952 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV Boveng, PL AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver Boveng, Peter L. TI Iterating on a single model is a viable alternative to multimodel inference SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE information criteria; model averaging; model diagnostics; model selection; philosophy; scientific method ID EXPLORATORY DATA-ANALYSIS; SIMPSONS PARADOX; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; INFORMATION CRITERION; SELECTION; ECOLOGISTS; SCIENCE AB Multimodel inference accommodates uncertainty when selecting or averaging models, which seems logical and natural. However, there are costs associated with multimodel inferences, so they are not always appropriate or desirable. First, we present statistical inference in the big picture of data analysis and the deductive-inductive process of scientific discovery. Inferences on fixed states of nature, such as survey sampling methods, generally use a single model. Multimodel inferences are used primarily when modeling processes of nature, when there is no hope of knowing the true model. However, even in these cases, iterating on a single model may meet objectives without introducing additional complexity. Additionally, discovering new features in the data through model diagnostics is easier when considering a single model. There are costs for multimodel inferences, including the coding, computing, and summarization time on each model. When cost is included, a reasonable strategy may often be iterating on a single model. We recommend that researchers and managers carefully examine objectives and cost when considering multimodel inference methods. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX This project received financial support from NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. We thank M. Lindberg for initially inviting this paper, and S. Lele and 2 anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. D. Johnson provided a unifying voice and distilled substance in the Conclusion sections of this and other papers for the special topic on multimodel inference. Nevertheless, the findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service or anyone acknowledged here. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 5 BP 719 EP 729 DI 10.1002/jwmg.891 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA CL2YZ UT WOS:000356815900005 ER PT J AU Holland, DS Thunberg, E Agar, J Crosson, S Demarest, C Kasperski, S Perruso, L Steiner, E Stephen, J Strelcheck, A Travis, M AF Holland, Daniel S. Thunberg, Eric Agar, Juan Crosson, Scott Demarest, Chad Kasperski, Stephen Perruso, Larry Steiner, Erin Stephen, Jessica Strelcheck, Andy Travis, Mike TI US catch share markets: a review of data availability and impediments to transparent markets SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Individual Fishing Quota; IFQ; ITQ; Quota markets; Catch shares ID EFFICIENT CAPITAL-MARKETS; INDIVIDUAL FISHING QUOTAS; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; PERMITS; PROGRAM AB A growing number of US fisheries are managed with catch share programs, which allocate exclusive shares of the total allowable catch from a fish stock to individuals, cooperatives, communities, or other entities. All of these catch share programs allow transferability of catch privileges in some form. Information on these transfers, particularly prices, could be valuable to fishery managers and to fishery participants to support management and business decisions and to increase efficiency of the catch share market itself. This article documents the availability and quality of data on transfers of catch privileges in fourteen US catch share programs. These catch share programs include several individual fishing quota (IFQ) programs and a number of programs that allocate catch privileges to self-organized cooperatives. Price information on catch share transfers is found to be limited or unavailable in most US catch share programs. Recommendations are made on how to improve the design of catch share programs and associated data collection systems to facilitate effective catch share markets, collection of catch share market data, and better use of information from catch share markets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thunberg, Eric] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Agar, Juan; Crosson, Scott; Perruso, Larry] NOAA, NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Demarest, Chad] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kasperski, Stephen] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Steiner, Erin] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Stephen, Jessica; Strelcheck, Andy; Travis, Mike] NOAA, NMFS, Southeast Reg Off, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dan.holland@noaa.gov OI Crosson, Scott/0000-0002-8126-1282; Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX Funding to support this work was provided solely by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The opinions and recommendations in this paper are those of the authors and should not be considered to represent the views or positions of NMFS. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 57 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CL1YF UT WOS:000356740100014 ER PT J AU Heenan, A Pomeroy, R Bell, J Munday, PL Cheung, W Logan, C Brainard, R Amri, AY Alino, P Armada, N David, L Rivera-Guieb, R Green, S Jompa, J Leonardo, T Mamauag, S Parker, B Shackeroff, J Yasin, Z AF Heenan, Adel Pomeroy, Robert Bell, Johann Munday, Philip L. Cheung, William Logan, Cheryl Brainard, Russell Amri, Affendi Yang Alino, Porfirio Armada, Nygiel David, Laura Rivera-Guieb, Rebecca Green, Stuart Jompa, Jamaluddin Leonardo, Teresa Mamauag, Samuel Parker, Britt Shackeroff, Janna Yasin, Zulfigar TI A climate-informed, ecosystem approach to fisheries management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Climate change and ocean acidification; Ecosystem approach; Fisheries; Adaptive management; Asia-Pacific; Coral reef fisheries ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; FOOD SECURITY; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; LIVELIHOODS APPROACH; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB This paper outlines the benefits of using the framework for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for dealing with the inevitable yet unclear impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coastal fisheries. With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, it summarizes the projected biological and socio-economic effects of increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) for coastal fisheries and illustrates how all the important dimensions of climate change and ocean acidification can be integrated into the steps involved in the EAFM planning process. The activities required to harness the full potential of an EAFM as an adaptation to climate change and ocean acidification are also described, including: provision of the necessary expertise to inform all stakeholders about the risks to fish habitats, fish stocks and catches due to climate change; promotion of trans-disciplinary collaboration; facilitating the participation of all key stakeholders; monitoring the wider fisheries system for climate impacts; and enhancing resources and capacity to implement an EAFM. By channeling some of the resources available to the Asia-Pacific region to adapt to climate change into an EAFM, developing countries will not only build resilience to the ecological and fisheries effects of climate change, they will also help address the habitat degradation and overfishing presently reducing the productivity of coastal fisheries. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heenan, Adel] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pomeroy, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. [Bell, Johann] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Bell, Johann] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Munday, Philip L.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cheung, William] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Logan, Cheryl] Calif State Univ, Monterey, CA USA. [Heenan, Adel; Brainard, Russell] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Amri, Affendi Yang] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Alino, Porfirio; David, Laura; Mamauag, Samuel] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Armada, Nygiel] TetraTech, Manila, Philippines. [Rivera-Guieb, Rebecca] US Agcy Int Dev, Manila, Philippines. [Green, Stuart] Blue Green Ocean Advisors, Bohol, Philippines. [Jompa, Jamaluddin] Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia. [Leonardo, Teresa] US Agcy Int Dev, Reg Dev Mission Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. [Parker, Britt; Shackeroff, Janna] Baldwin Grp Inc, Manassas, VA USA. [Yasin, Zulfigar] Univ Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia. RP Heenan, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM adel.heenan@gmail.com RI CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; OI YANG AMRI, AFFENDI/0000-0002-9392-2463; Jompa, Jamaluddin/0000-0001-9740-333X FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This paper is based on a synthesis of presentations and discussions from the workshop 'Incorporating climate and ocean impacts into an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management', held on 6-9th March 2012 in Bohol, the Philippines. We are grateful to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for funding this work. We thank Amanda Dillon and Amanda Toperoff for creating Figs. 2 and 3. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOM or the U.S. Government. NR 160 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 57 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CL1YF UT WOS:000356740100022 ER PT J AU Mantua, NJ Crozier, LG Reed, TE Schindler, DE Waples, RS AF Mantua, Nathan J. Crozier, Lisa G. Reed, Thomas E. Schindler, Daniel E. Waples, Robin S. TI CORRESPONDENCE: Response of chinook salmon to climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Letter ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; EVOLUTIONARY C1 [Mantua, Nathan J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Crozier, Lisa G.; Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Reed, Thomas E.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mantua, NJ (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nate.mantua@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 5 IS 7 BP 613 EP 615 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL3AV UT WOS:000356821900004 ER PT J AU Maynard, J van Hooidonk, R Eakin, CM Puotinen, M Garren, M Williams, G Heron, SF Lamb, J Weil, E Willis, B Harvell, CD AF Maynard, Jeffrey van Hooidonk, Ruben Eakin, C. Mark Puotinen, Marjetta Garren, Melissa Williams, Gareth Heron, Scott F. Lamb, Joleah Weil, Ernesto Willis, Bette Harvell, C. Drew TI Projections of climate conditions that increase coral disease susceptibility and pathogen abundance and virulence SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; BLEACHING PREDICTIONS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; WASTING DISEASE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; FRAMEWORK; MALARIA AB Rising sea temperatures are likely to increase the frequency of disease outbreaks affecting reef-building corals through impacts on coral hosts and pathogens. We present and compare climate model projections of temperature conditions that will increase coral susceptibility to disease, pathogen abundance and pathogen virulence. Both moderate (RCP 4.5) and fossil fuel aggressive (RCP 8.5) emissions scenarios are examined. We also compare projections for the onset of disease-conducive conditions and severe annual coral bleaching, and produce a disease risk summary that combines climate stress with stress caused by local human activities. There is great spatial variation in the projections, both among and within the major ocean basins, in conditions favouring disease development. Our results indicate that disease is as likely to cause coral mortality as bleaching in the coming decades. These projections identify priority locations to reduce stress caused by local human activities and test management interventions to reduce disease impacts. C1 [Maynard, Jeffrey; Lamb, Joleah; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey] CNRS EPHE UPVD, CRIOBE USR 3278, Lab Excellence CORAIL, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosensliel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark; Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Puotinen, Marjetta] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 60093, Australia. [Garren, Melissa] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Williams, Gareth] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Weil, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Willis, Bette] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council ARC Ctr Excellence Coral R, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Maynard, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM maynardmarine@gmail.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010; OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233; Lamb, Joleah/0000-0002-7005-9994 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA13OAR4310127]; National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; US National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative; European Research Commission; The Nature Conservancy FX This study was primarily funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office prepared by S.F.H. and awarded to C.D.H. and C.M.E. (NA13OAR4310127). Support was also provided by a National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network grant to C.D.H., in-kind support from NOAA Atlantic and Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory, as well as grants from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the US National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, the European Research Commission, and The Nature Conservancy. Use of data from ref. 28 benefited from discussions with L. Burke and K. Reytar. Figures were collaboratively developed with D. Tracey. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of the NOAA or the US Government. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 5 IS 7 BP 688 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE.2625 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL3AV UT WOS:000356821900024 ER PT J AU Calabrese, DR Wenning, B Finlay, JA Callow, ME Callow, JA Fischer, D Ober, CK AF Calabrese, David R. Wenning, Brandon Finlay, John A. Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Fischer, Daniel Ober, Christopher K. TI Amphiphilic oligopeptides grafted to PDMS-based diblock copolymers for use in antifouling and fouling release coatings SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE surface-activated block copolymers; oligopeptides; non-natural amino acids; biofouling; antifouling ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SIDE-CHAINS; SILICONE COATINGS; FLUORINE-FREE; AMINO-ACID; POLYMERS; SURFACE; SETTLEMENT; HYDROCARBON; RESISTANCE AB Amphiphilic surfaces, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, have been considered for marine antifouling and fouling release applications, as they may provide an environmentally friendly non-biocidal alternative for surface coating. Here, we report a new class of polymers modified with amphiphilic side chains constructed from non-natural oligopeptides. These non-natural amino acids have a diverse array of functionalities and polarities that can be arranged in any sequence to optimize antifouling and fouling release behavior. Because of advances in solid state peptide synthesis, these peptides can be prepared on a multiple gram scale in a short period of time. Different sequences of non-natural amino acids were synthesized to determine the effect on the physical and antifouling properties of the surface. These oligopeptide sequences were attached to a PS-b-P(DMS-stat-MVS) diblock copolymer using thiol-ene click chemistry. The modified polymers were spray coated onto treated glass slides and characterized using water bubble contact angle measurements and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. The coatings were tested for antifouling and fouling release performance against spores and sporelings (young plants), respectively, of the green seaweed (alga) Ulva linza and also for non-specific protein absorption. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Calabrese, David R.; Wenning, Brandon] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Finlay, John A.; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Finlay, John A.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ober, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cko3@cornell.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0010, N00014-02-1-0170] FX This work was supported the Office of Naval Research through award N00014-08-1-0010 (J.A.C. and M.E.C.), and N00014-02-1-0170 (C.K.O.). Certain Commercial names are mentioned as examples and they do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 20 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-7147 EI 1099-1581 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 26 IS 7 SI SI BP 829 EP 836 DI 10.1002/pat.3515 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CL3UN UT WOS:000356876300013 ER PT J AU Graziosi, F Arduini, J Furlani, F Giostra, U Kuijpers, LJM Montzka, SA Miller, BR O'Doherty, SJ Stohl, A Bonasoni, P Maione, M AF Graziosi, F. Arduini, J. Furlani, F. Giostra, U. Kuijpers, L. J. M. Montzka, S. A. Miller, B. R. O'Doherty, S. J. Stohl, A. Bonasoni, P. Maione, M. TI European emissions of HCFC-22 based on eleven years of high frequency atmospheric measurements and a Bayesian inversion method SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrochlorofluorocarbons; Montreal Protocol; Stratospheric ozone protection; High frequency observations; Inverse modelling; Emission estimates ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MACE HEAD; GREENHOUSE GASES; CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE HCFC-22; AGAGE OBSERVATIONS; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; TRACE GASES; CAPE GRIM; IRELAND AB HCFC-22 (CHClF2), a stratospherie ozone depleting substance and a powerful greenhouse gas, is the third most abundant anthropogenic halocarbon in the atmosphere. Primarily used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, its global production and consumption have increased during the last 60 years, with the global increases in the last decade mainly attributable to developing countries. In 2007, an adjustment to the Montreal Protocol for Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer called for an accelerated phase out of HCFCs, implying a 75% reduction (base year 1989) of HCFC production and consumption by 2010 in developed countries against the previous 65% reduction. In Europe HCFC-22 is continuously monitored at the two sites Mace Head (Ireland) and Monte Cimone (Italy). Combining atmospheric observations with a Bayesian inversion technique, we estimated fluxes of HCFC-22 from Europe and from eight macro-areas within it, over an 11-year period from January 2002 to December 2012, during which the accelerated restrictions on HCFCs production and consumption have entered into force. According to our study, the maximum emissions over the entire domain was in 2003 (38.2 +/- 4.7 Gg yr(-1)), and the minimum in 2012 (12.1 +/- 2.0 Gg yr(-1)); emissions continuously decreased between these years, except for secondary maxima in the 2008 and 2010. Despite such a decrease in regional emissions, background values of HCFC-22 measured at the two European stations over 2002-2012 are still increasing as a consequence of global emissions, in part from developing countries, with an average trend of ca 7.0 ppt yr(-1). However, the observations at the two European stations show also that since 2008 a decrease in the global growth rate has occurred. In general, our European emission estimates are in good agreement with those reported by previous studies that used different techniques. Since the currently dominant emission source of HCFC-22 is from banks, we assess the banks' size and their contribution to the total European emissions up to 2030, and we project a fast decrease approaching negligible emissions in the last five years of the considered period. Finally, inversions conducted over three month periods showed evidence for a seasonal cycle in emissions in regions in the Mediterranean basin but not outside it. Emissions derived from regions in the Mediterranean basin were ca. 25% higher in warmer months than in colder months. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Graziosi, F.; Arduini, J.; Furlani, F.; Giostra, U.; Maione, M.] Univ Urbino, Dept Basic Sci & Fdn, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Graziosi, F.; Furlani, F.; Giostra, U.; Maione, M.] CINFAI Natl Interuniv Consortium Phys Atmosphere, Tolentino, Italy. [Arduini, J.; Bonasoni, P.; Maione, M.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Kuijpers, L. J. M.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, B. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Doherty, S. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Stohl, A.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Maione, M (reprint author), Univ Urbino, Dept Basic Sci & Fdn, Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. EM michela.maione@uniurb.it RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Bonasoni, Paolo/C-6338-2015; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Bonasoni, Paolo/0000-0002-8812-5291; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU InGOS EU FP7 Infrastructure project [284274]; University Consortium CINFAI (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Fisica delle Atmosfere e delle Idrosfere); National Research Council of Italy; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, through the Project of National Interest "Nextdata" FX Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the SIO2005 scale are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the science teams of the AGAGE consortium. The InGOS EU FP7 Infrastructure project (grant agreement no 284274) supported the observation activity. The University Consortium CINFAI (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Fisica delle Atmosfere e delle Idrosfere) supported F. Graziosi grant (RITMARE Flagship Project). The "O. Vittori" station is supported by the National Research Council of Italy and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, through the Project of National Interest "Nextdata". M. Maione would like to thank Jim Butler for accepting her as visiting scientist during 2013 at the Global Monitoring Division of the NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) in Boulder (CO), where this paper was finalised. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 112 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.042 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK4JT UT WOS:000356190800020 ER PT J AU He, Y von Lampe, K Wood, L Kurti, M AF He, Yi von Lampe, Klaus Wood, Laura Kurti, Marin TI Investigation of lead and cadmium in counterfeit cigarettes seized in the United States SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Counterfeit cigarette; Lead; Cadmium ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; TRACE-METALS; EXPOSURE; BRANDS; HEALTH; AREA; SOIL AB Information of toxic elements such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in counterfeit cigarettes offers insight on the potential public health impact of consuming counterfeit cigarettes and the technology used by counterfeiters in the illicit cigarette trade. In this study, the concentration of Pb and Cd in twenty-three packs of counterfeit cigarettes seized in the US by various law enforcement agencies were evaluated and compared with their genuine equivalents using microwave digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Both Pb and Cd concentration in counterfeit cigarettes were markedly higher than those in their genuine equivalents, and exhibited greater sample to sample variability. The average Pb and Cd mass fraction values in counterfeit cigarettes were (5.13 +/- 2.50) mg/kg (n = 23) and (5.13 +/- 1.95) mg/kg (n = 23) respectively, compared with (0.59 +/- 0.08) mg/kg (n = 9) and (1.08 +/- 0.08) mg/kg (n = 9) respectively in the genuine equivalents. Results suggest that counterfeit cigarettes may impose higher risks to public health. Studying these toxic elements could provide important information regarding the illicit trade, including the level of organization among counterfeiters, who broker between availability of supplies and consumer demand for a cheaper product that is assumed to be genuine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Yi] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA. [von Lampe, Klaus] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Law Police Sci & Criminal Justice Adm, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Wood, Laura] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kurti, Marin] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Criminal Justice, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP He, Y (reprint author), CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Sci, 524 W59th St, New York, NY 10019 USA. EM yhe@jjay.cuny.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 81 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.006 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA CL1YJ UT WOS:000356740500005 PM 25862957 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Anderson, JH Beechie, TJ Pess, GR Ford, MJ AF Ward, Eric J. Anderson, Joseph H. Beechie, Tim J. Pess, George R. Ford, Michael J. TI Increasing hydrologic variability threatens depleted anadromous fish populations SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anadromous fish; climate change; endangered species; environmental variability; hydrologic variability; salmon; winter storms ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIVERSITY; IMPACTS; STREAM; RISK; EVOLUTIONARY AB Predicting effects of climate change on species and ecosystems depend on understanding responses to shifts in means (such as trends in global temperatures), but also shifts in climate variability. To evaluate potential responses of anadromous fish populations to an increasingly variable environment, we performed a hierarchical analysis of 21 Chinook salmon populations from the Pacific Northwest, examining support for changes in river flows and flow variability on population growth. More than half of the rivers analyzed have already experienced significant increases in flow variability over the last 60years, and this study shows that this increase in variability in freshwater flows has a more negative effect than any other climate signal included in our model. Climate change models predict that this region will experience warmer winters and more variable flows, which may limit the ability of these populations to recover. C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Ford, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Anderson, Joseph H.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Beechie, Tim J.; Pess, George R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2500 EP 2509 DI 10.1111/gcb.12847 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK7OS UT WOS:000356422500005 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, M Schirripa, MJ Craig, JK Cook, GS Kelble, CR Agar, JJ Black, BA Enfield, DB Lindo-Atichati, D Muhling, BA Purcell, KM Richards, PM Wang, CZ AF Karnauskas, Mandy Schirripa, Michael J. Craig, J. K. Cook, Geoffrey S. Kelble, Christopher R. Agar, Juan J. Black, Bryan A. Enfield, David B. Lindo-Atichati, David Muhling, Barbara A. Purcell, Kevin M. Richards, Paul M. Wang, Chunzai TI Evidence of climate-driven ecosystem reorganization in the Gulf of Mexico SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; fisheries management; human dimension; indicator; large marine ecosystem; regime shift ID SHRIMP FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; REGIME SHIFTS; BROWN SHRIMP; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ATLANTIC CROAKER; SCALE RESPONSES; HYPOXIA AB The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most ecologically and economically valuable marine ecosystems in the world and is affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic phenomena including climate, hurricanes, coastal development, agricultural runoff, oil spills, and fishing. These complex and interacting stressors, together with the highly dynamic nature of this ecosystem, present challenges for the effective management of its resources. We analyze a compilation of over 100 indicators representing physical, biological, and economic aspects of the Gulf of Mexico and find that an ecosystem-wide reorganization occurred in the mid-1990s. Further analysis of fishery landings composition data indicates a major shift in the late 1970s coincident with the advent of US national fisheries management policy, as well as significant shifts in the mid-1960s and the mid-1990s. These latter shifts are aligned temporally with changes in a major climate mode in the Atlantic Ocean: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We provide an explanation for how the AMO may drive physical changes in the Gulf of Mexico, thus altering higher-level ecosystem dynamics. The hypotheses presented here should provide focus for further targeted studies, particularly in regard to whether and how management should adjust to different climate regimes or states of nature. Our study highlights the challenges in understanding the effects of climatic drivers against a background of multiple anthropogenic pressures, particularly in a system where these forces interact in complex and nonlinear ways. C1 [Karnauskas, Mandy; Schirripa, Michael J.; Agar, Juan J.; Muhling, Barbara A.; Richards, Paul M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Craig, J. K.; Purcell, Kevin M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.; Kelble, Christopher R.; Enfield, David B.; Wang, Chunzai] Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Atlantic Meteorol & Oceanog Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.; Enfield, David B.; Lindo-Atichati, David; Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Karnauskas, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mandy.karnauskas@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Lindo-Atichati, David/0000-0003-4299-1589 FU NOAA's FATE (Fisheries and the Environment) program; NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center [NA09NOS4780186] FX We thank the following individuals for their contributions to this work: G. Goni, F. Bringas, S-K. Lee, Y. Liu, J. Lamkin, L. Avens, J. Litz, L. Garrison, J. Smith, N. Bartlein, T. Minello, B. McAnally, D. Apeti, H. Perryman, and W. Harford. We also acknowledge the extensive group of people who were involved in compiling and providing data for the Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem Status Report, which provided the basis for the present work. The lead author, MK, is supported by NOAA's FATE (Fisheries and the Environment) program. Support for this work was also received by the NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program. The contribution of JKC and KMP was supported in part by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Award No. NA09NOS4780186. The authors have identified no conflict of interests. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2554 EP 2568 DI 10.1111/gcb.12894 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CK7OS UT WOS:000356422500009 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR Halter, M Hwang, J AF Reyes, D. R. Halter, M. Hwang, J. TI Dimensional metrology of lab-on-a-chip internal structures: a comparison of optical coherence tomography with confocal fluorescence microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Critical dimensions; dimensional metrology; ImageJ; laser-scanning confocal microscopy; optical coherence tomography; quantitative imaging ID RESOLUTION AB The characterization of internal structures in a polymeric microfluidic device, especially of a final product, will require a different set of optical metrology tools than those traditionally used for microelectronic devices. We demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is a promising technique to characterize the internal structures of poly(methyl methacrylate) devices where the subsurface structures often cannot be imaged by conventional wide field optical microscopy. The structural details of channels in the devices were imaged with OCT and analyzed with an in-house written ImageJ macro in an effort to identify the structural details of the channel. The dimensional values obtained with OCT were compared with laser-scanning confocal microscopy images of channels filled with a fluorophore solution. Attempts were also made using confocal reflectance and interferometry microscopy to measure the channel dimensions, but artefacts present in the images precluded quantitative analysis. OCT provided the most accurate estimates for the channel height based on an analysis of optical micrographs obtained after destructively slicing the channel with a microtome. OCT may be a promising technique for the future of three-dimensional metrology of critical internal structures in lab-on-a-chip devices because scans can be performed rapidly and noninvasively prior to their use. Lay description Lab-on-a-chip is a relatively new commercial technology that requires advanced characterization methods to measure internal structures embedded within the devices. Because the structures exist beneath the surface, methods that can interrogate the subsurface layer were evaluated. We compared several optical methods, namely optical coherence tomography, confocal reflectance microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy and interference microscopy, for measuring the dimensions of a microfabricated, polymeric channel. The methods were compared on the basis of their accuracy and precision for determining the channel dimensions. The height determined by optical coherence tomography was accurate and can be obtained completely noninvasively. Both optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy provided similar underestimates of the channel width, highlighting the challenge of accurately measuring subsurface structures in these systems. C1 [Reyes, D. R.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This project was funded internally by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We would like to thank Dr. Steven Hudson for his help in cutting the PMMA microfluidic channels to obtain cross-sections for imaging. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 259 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1111/jmi.12245 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CK6AN UT WOS:000356310200004 PM 25854812 ER PT J AU Carneiro, APB Manica, A Trivelpiece, WZ Phillips, RA AF Carneiro, Ana P. B. Manica, Andrea Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Phillips, Richard A. TI Flexibility in foraging strategies of Brown Skuas in response to local and seasonal dietary constraints SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Activity patterns; Antarctica; Behavior; GPS tracking; Prey availability; Reversed size dimorphism ID CATHARACTA-ANTARCTICA-LONNBERGI; SYMPATRIC SOUTH POLAR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; BREEDING SUCCESS; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; INACCESSIBLE ISLAND; FEEDING TERRITORIES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; HABITAT USE AB The Brown Skua Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi is an opportunistic species that displays a high degree of flexibility in foraging tactics. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) and immersion (activity) loggers on breeding Brown Skuas of known sex, body size and condition at Admiralty Bay, King George Island with the aim to examine the impacts of spatial and seasonal fluctuations in prey availability on movement and foraging behavior. We also investigated whether reversed sexual size dimorphism (females larger than males) in this species leads to differences between sexes in foraging behavior and whether this or other factors contribute to variation in breeding success. Analysis of the GPS data highlighted the high degree of plasticity in foraging behavior among individuals. Although most Brown Skuas were flexible in their feeding tactics, this was not enough to ensure a successful breeding season, as few pairs fledged chicks. During early chick rearing, Brown Skuas spent most of their time on land, feeding almost exclusively on penguin chicks. By late chick rearing, when the availability of penguins had diminished, Brown Skuas supplemented the food obtained on land by traveling to the ocean. All foraging trips to sea occurred during daylight, mostly during the early morning. Despite marked sexual size dimorphism, we failed to find any difference in foraging tactics between males and females. Furthermore, although laying date affected the number of chicks hatched (earlier pairs were more successful), no relationship was found between breeding success and male or female body size, condition or degree of dimorphism within pairs. C1 [Carneiro, Ana P. B.; Manica, Andrea] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Carneiro, Ana P. B.; Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Carneiro, APB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM ana.bertoldi.carneiro@gmail.com RI Manica, Andrea/B-5497-2008 OI Manica, Andrea/0000-0003-1895-450X FU US AMLR Program; OPP from National Science Foundation [0739536] FX We are grateful to the field team on King George Island (Matt Henschen, Brette Soucie and Caitlyn Bishop) for assisting with device deployments and recoveries, and to Sue Trivelpiece for helping with all logistical preparations. This research was supported by logistical and scientific funding from the US AMLR Program and from OPP grant #0739536 to W. and S. Trivelpiece from the National Science Foundation. This work complies with, and was completed in accordance to, an Antarctic Conservation Act permit, provided by the US National Science Foundation. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 156 IS 3 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1007/s10336-015-1156-y PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA CK7WS UT WOS:000356447100007 ER PT J AU Nixon, C AF Nixon, Chris TI Accretion disc viscosity: a limit on the anisotropy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics ID X-RAY BINARIES; WARPED ASTROPHYSICAL DISCS; HERCULES X-1; MAGNETOROTATIONAL TURBULENCE; BLACK-HOLES; DYNAMICS; ALPHA; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; INSTABILITY AB Observations of warped discs can give insight into the nature of angular momentum transport in accretion discs. Only a few objects are known to show strong periodicity on long time-scales, but when such periodicity is present it is often attributed to precession of the accretion disc. The X-ray binary Hercules X-1/HZ Herculis (Her X-1) is one of the best examples of such periodicity and has been linked to disc precession since it was first observed. By using the current best-fitting models to Her X-1, which invoke precession driven by radiation warping, I place a constraint on the effective viscosities that act in a warped disc. These effective viscosities almost certainly arise due to turbulence induced by the magnetorotational instability. The constraints derived here are in agreement with analytical and numerical investigations into the nature of magnetohydrodynamic disc turbulence, but at odds with some recent global simulations. C1 [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nixon, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme [PF2-130098] FX I thank the referee, Pavel Ivanov, for substantial comments which helped improve the manuscript. I thank Phil Armitage, Andrew King, Steve Lubow and Jim Pringle for useful discussions. I used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the figure. CJN was supported for this work by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 450 IS 3 BP 2459 EP 2465 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv796 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CK6LJ UT WOS:000356339300018 ER PT J AU Sitz, LE Farneti, R Griffies, SM AF Sitz, Lina E. Farneti, Riccardo Griffies, Stephen M. TI Simulated South Atlantic transports and their variability during 1958-2007 SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE South Atlantic transports; South Atlantic variability; Global ocean-sea-ice modelling; Model comparisons; SAMOC ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; FRESH-WATER TRANSPORTS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; AGULHAS LEAKAGE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; HEMISPHERE WESTERLIES; INTEROCEAN EXCHANGE AB South Atlantic transports, as simulated by a global ocean-sea ice model forced with the Coordinated Oceanice Reference Experiments version 2 (CORE-II) interannually varying air-sea reanalysis data sets, are analyzed for the period 1958-2007. The ocean-sea ice model is configured at three different resolutions: from eddy-permitting to coarsened grid spacing. A particular focus is given to the effect of eddy fluxes and inter-ocean exchanges on the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC), as well as on the main factors contributing to the interannual variability during the integration period. Differences between refined and coarsened grid spacing models are more evident in coastal areas and in regions of high eddy activities. Major discrepancies are associated to both the parameterization of eddy fluxes and the coarse representation of the bathymetry. The refined grid spacing model produces higher values of both SAMOC index, defined as the maximum of the zonally-integrated northward cumulative volume transport (CVT) from surface to bottom across similar to 34 degrees S, and meridional heat transport (MHT). All models show high correlations between SAMOC index and MHT, as well as a strengthening of the transports in the 1980-2007 period. The strengthening of the SAMOC index is mainly dominated by surface and mode waters in all models. In surface and intermediate layers, the regions contributing to this trend are located east of 40 degrees W. These changes are compensated by the strengthening of the poleward transport in deeper layers, mostly in the western part of the basin. The MHT trend is connected with the combined effect of a heat transport increase through the Drake Passage and a reduction of the heat loss through the eastern section between Africa and Antarctica, mainly associated with a strengthening in heat entering into the basin through the Agulhas system. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sitz, Lina E.; Farneti, Riccardo] Int Ctr Theorer Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. [Sitz, Lina E.] Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Fis, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sitz, LE (reprint author), Int Ctr Theorer Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. EM lsitz@ictp.it RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; OI Sitz, Lina/0000-0002-6333-4986 FU National Center for Atmospheric research (NCAR); Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) under the umbrella of the CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP); Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva, Argentina [001] FX The CORE-II data sets are collaboratively supported by the National Center for Atmospheric research (NCAR) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) under the umbrella of the CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP). All data sets, support codes and documentation are freely available at: http://datagfcli.noaa.govinomads/forms/mom4/COREv2.html. This research was partially funded by Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva, Argentina grant 001. We thank Carolina Dufour and Adele Morrison for their useful comments on earlier drafts. Sybren Drijfhout and two anonymous reviewers made useful and constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 91 BP 70 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.05.001 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CK2SR UT WOS:000356063100004 ER PT J AU Teplin, CW Grover, S Chitu, A Limanov, A Chahal, M Im, J Amkreutz, D Gall, S Yoon, HP Lasalvia, V Stradins, P Jones, KM Norman, AG Young, DL Branz, HM Lee, BG AF Teplin, Charles W. Grover, Sachit Chitu, Adrian Limanov, Alexander Chahal, Monical Im, James Amkreutz, Daniel Gall, Stefan Yoon, Heayoung P. Lasalvia, Vincenzo Stradins, Paul Jones, Kim M. Norman, Andrew G. Young, David L. Branz, Howard M. Lee, Benjamin G. TI Comparison of thin epitaxial film silicon photovoltaics fabricated on monocrystalline and polycrystalline seed layers on glass SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE silicon; epitaxy ID SOLAR-CELLS; CRYSTAL SILICON; EFFICIENCY AB We fabricate thin epitaxial crystal silicon solar cells on display glass and fused silica substrates overcoated with a silicon seed layer. To confirm the quality of hot-wire chemical vapor deposition epitaxy, we grow a 2-mu m-thick absorber on a (100) monocrystalline Si layer transfer seed on display glass and achieve 6.5% efficiency with an open circuit voltage (V-OC) of 586mV without light-trapping features. This device enables the evaluation of seed layers on display glass. Using polycrystalline seeds formed from amorphous silicon by laser-induced mixed phase solidification (MPS) and electron beam crystallization, we demonstrate 2.9%, 476mV (MPS) and 4.1%, 551mV (electron beam crystallization) solar cells. Grain boundaries likely limit the solar cell grown on the MPS seed layer, and we establish an upper bound for the grain boundary recombination velocity (S-GB) of 1.6x10(4)cm/s. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Teplin, Charles W.; Grover, Sachit; Lasalvia, Vincenzo; Stradins, Paul; Jones, Kim M.; Norman, Andrew G.; Young, David L.; Branz, Howard M.; Lee, Benjamin G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chitu, Adrian; Limanov, Alexander; Chahal, Monical; Im, James] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Amkreutz, Daniel; Gall, Stefan] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Berlin, Germany. [Yoon, Heayoung P.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM chazteplin@gmail.com RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X FU US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We thank Ta-Ko Chang of Corning Inc. for supplying the layer transfer seeds on display glass (LT seed). Work at NREL was funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308. We gratefully acknowledge Bill Nemeth for the amorphous silicon growth used to create the MPS seed layers. H. Yoon acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1062-7995 EI 1099-159X J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1002/pip.2505 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CK6WM UT WOS:000356369400012 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI An integrated method to improve the GOES Imager visible radiometric calibration accuracy SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GOES Imager visible channel; GOES-R ABI; Vicarious calibration; DCC; Desert; Ray-matching; Integrated calibration; Recursive filtering; Calibration accuracy ID CROSS-CALIBRATION; STABILITY; CHANNELS; AMERICA; SENSORS; DESERT; MOON AB A variety of vicarious calibration methods over different reference targets have been studied at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admission (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) to provide sensor degradation information for the GOES Imager visible channels which do not have any on-board calibration devices. To meet the increasing demand for more accurate satellite measurements, an integrated method is developed mainly to improve the relative calibration accuracy by combining the results from different vicarious methods. In this study, three commonly used vicarious calibration methods, the desert, Deep Convective Cloud (DCC) and ray-matching methods, are applied to the GOES-12 Imager visible data to describe the integrated method. The integrated method first combines the normalized observations of each individual method by anchoring the results on the first day of satellite operation, and then removes the deviated combined observations using a recursive filtering method. This integration is based on the fact that the GOES sensor trending functions from different methods are limy similar within 1% difference over the 7-year study period. The trending uncertainty of the integrated method is less than that of each individual one. The absolute calibration of the integrated method can be achieved by generating the calibration coefficients using the reflectance of reference targets which are well characterized with the Aqua MODIS Collection 6 (C6) data. It is found that there is less than 1% difference between the calibration coefficients derived with the DCC and desert reference targets. It is expected that this integrated method will be a useful tool to validate the GOES-R ABI on-board radiometric calibration accuracy for the solar reflective channels. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863 FU NOAA/NESDIS/STAR FX We would like to thank Dr. Yong Chen for the LBLRTM simulation and Dr. Haifeng Qian for the valuable review comments. This work is partially funded by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Calibration/Validation support. The constructive and valuable comments and suggestions from the three anonymous reviewers are much appreciated to improve the quality of this paper. The contents of this document are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 164 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.04.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK9IU UT WOS:000356554600010 ER PT J AU Farnam, Y Geiker, MR Bentz, D Weiss, J AF Farnam, Yaghoob Geiker, Mette Rica Bentz, Dale Weiss, Jason TI Acoustic emission waveform characterization of crack origin and mode in fractured and ASR damaged concrete SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic emission; Aggregate; Alkali silica reaction; Concrete; Fracture; Matrix ID MOMENT TENSOR ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; LOCATION; CREEP; SALT AB Different constituents of concrete can have cracking behavior that varies in terms of the acoustic waveform that is generated. Understanding the waveform may provide insight into the source and behavior of a crack that occurs in a cementitious composite. In this study, passive acoustic emission (AE) was used to investigate the waveform properties of the individual components of concrete (i.e., aggregate, paste, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ)). First, acoustic events produced by cracks generated using mechanical loading in a wedge splitting test were detected. It was observed that cracks that occurred through the aggregate have an AE frequency range between 300 kHz and 400 kHz, while cracks that propagated through the matrix (paste and ITZ) have a frequency range between 100 kHz and 300 kHz. Second, tests were performed using samples that were susceptible to alkali silica reaction; and AE and X-ray computed tomography were used to detect cracking. AE events with a frequency range between 300 kHz and 400 kHz were detected at early ages, suggesting the initiation of cracks within reactive aggregate. At later ages, AE events were detected with frequency ranges of 100-300 kHz, indicating crack development and propagation in the matrix. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farnam, Yaghoob; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Geiker, Mette Rica] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Bentz, Dale] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Farnam, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yfarnam@purdue.edu; mette.geiker@ntnu.no; dale.bentz@nist.gov; wjweiss@purdue.edu OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Knud Hojgaard Foundation FX Part of this research was performed while one of the authors was a visiting professor at the Technical University of Denmark, funded by the Knud Hojgaard Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Max Peltz for his help with ASR sample preparation. The authors also wish to thank Kevin Folliard and Mike Thomas for insightful discussion on ASR. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 60 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.04.008 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA CJ7WN UT WOS:000355711200014 ER PT J AU Joyette, ART Nurse, LA Pulwarty, RS AF Joyette, Antonio R. T. Nurse, Leonard A. Pulwarty, Roger S. TI Disaster risk insurance and catastrophe models in risk-prone small Caribbean islands SO DISASTERS LA English DT Review DE Caribbean catastrophe modelling; Caribbean data; climate risk; natural hazards; parametric insurance; risk insurance; small island developing states (SIDS) ID CLIMATE AB Post-catastrophe recovery and financial liquidity have long challenged small Caribbean islands. These states are vulnerable to multifarious natural hazards that often cause considerable socioeconomic dislocation. Such events inflict heavy losses on businesses and households, and significantly disrupt all aspects of government operations. After Hurricane Ivan devastated the economies of some islands in September 2004with estimated losses of as much as 200 per cent of gross domestic product in some casesregional governments, aided by the World Bank and international donors, approved the creation of a regional catastrophe insurance scheme. This parametric-based mechanism is underpinned by derivatives-based catastrophe modelling whose outputs determine policy triggers and pay outs. Hazard models, particularly catastrophe models, are not widely accepted as yet. Despite recent advancements, major concerns have rendered them peripheral tools for many establishments. This paper reviews the region's vulnerabilities and examines constraints on the application of these models and suggests a means of improving their efficacy and acceptability. C1 [Joyette, Antonio R. T.; Nurse, Leonard A.] Univ W Indies, Ctr Nat Resource & Environm Management, BB-11000 Bridgetown, Barbados. [Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Natl Integrated Drought Informat Syst, Climate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Natl Integrated Drought Informat Syst, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Joyette, ART (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Cave Hill Campus,Cave Hill, BB-11000 Bridgetown, Barbados. EM antonio.joyette@mycavehill.uwi.edu NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUL PY 2015 VL 39 IS 3 BP 467 EP 492 DI 10.1111/disa.12118 PG 26 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA CK1YC UT WOS:000356004500004 PM 25546529 ER PT J AU Khrennikov, A de Raedt, H Plotnitsky, A Polyakov, S AF Khrennikov, Andrei de Raedt, Hans Plotnitsky, Arkady Polyakov, Sergey TI Preface of the Special Issue Probing the Limits of Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Volume 1 SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Khrennikov, Andrei] Linnaeus Univ, Int Ctr Math Modeling Phys Engn Econ & Cognit Sci, Vaxjo, Sweden. [de Raedt, Hans] Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, Groningen, Netherlands. [Plotnitsky, Arkady] Purdue Univ, Theory & Cultural Studies Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Khrennikov, A (reprint author), Linnaeus Univ, Int Ctr Math Modeling Phys Engn Econ & Cognit Sci, Vaxjo, Sweden. EM andrei.khrennikov@lnu.se NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 EI 1572-9516 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7 SI SI BP 707 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s10701-015-9911-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK5KT UT WOS:000356263600001 ER PT J AU Wang, H Kumar, A AF Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun TI Assessing the impact of ENSO on drought in the US Southwest with NCEP climate model simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; US Southwest; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Climate model simulation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALIES; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA DROUGHT; FORECAST SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC AB The impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on U.S. Southwest precipitation and drought is assessed based on observational data and coupled global climate model simulations. The co-variability between 67-year (1948-2014) Southwest winter precipitation and Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) is analyzed using the singular value decomposition method. Results indicate strong associations between Southwest drought and La Nina during 1948-1977 and between Southwest pluvial and El Nino during 1978-1999. The relationship between Southwest precipitation and tropical Pacific SST is relatively weak after 1999. A comparison between two 480-year model simulations with and without ENSO variability suggests that ENSO can alter the characteristics of precipitation, and thus droughts over the Southwest in terms of frequency and intensity. In the presence of ENSO, the variability of Southwest precipitation is enhanced, and further, shifts toward lower frequencies. In addition, the chance for the ENSO-related precipitation pattern to persist over 3-4 years in the Southwest is higher in the simulation with ENSO than that without ENSO. The modeling study also demonstrates a sensitivity of the Southwest precipitation-related teleconnection to both the phase and intensity of ENSO, which helps understand the observed decadal changes in the strength of the link between Southwest precipitation and ENSO. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Hui] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Univ Res Court 5830, NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov; arun.kumar@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 526 SI SI BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CK0KS UT WOS:000355894700004 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Cessna, JT Zimmerman, BE AF Bergeron, Denis E. Cessna, Jeffrey T. Zimmerman, Brian E. TI Secondary standards for Ra-223 revised SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Ra-223; Dose calibrator dial settings; Data reevaluation; Ionization chamber ID RESISTANT PROSTATE-CANCER; DOSE CALIBRATOR SETTINGS; BONE METASTASES; RADIUM-223 DICHLORIDE; CHLORIDE; PHASE-3; CRPC AB Dose calibrator dial settings reported by NIST in 2010 (ARI, v. 68, p. 1367) are now known to give erroneously low (by 10%) activity readings. The original determinations were based on a chain of calibrations; a broken link in this chain was recently discovered. New calibration factors (i.e., dial settings), directly linked to updated NIST primary standards, are reported here. In addition, the raw data used to derive the factors reported in 2010 are revisited. The validity of the reevaluation is established via comparison with the new experiments and revised calibration factors for numerous clinical geometries are reported. The main conclusions of the 2010 report regarding geometry effects remain valid. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Cessna, Jeffrey T.; Zimmerman, Brian E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 101 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.03.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CK0IN UT WOS:000355889000002 PM 25813001 ER PT J AU Pibida, L Zimmerman, B Fitzgerald, R King, L Cessna, JT Bergeron, DE AF Pibida, L. Zimmerman, B. Fitzgerald, R. King, L. Cessna, J. T. Bergeron, D. E. TI Determination of photon emission probabilities for the main gamma-rays of Ra-223 in equilibrium with its progeny SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Photon emission probabilities; Ra-223; Gamma-ray spectrometry ID PROSTATE-CANCER; BONE METASTASES; RADIUM-223 AB The currently published Ra-223 gamma-ray emission probabilities display a wide variation in the values depending on the source of the data. The National Institute of Standards and Technology performed activity measurements on a Ra-223 solution that was used to prepare several sources that were used to determine the photon emission probabilities for the main gamma-rays of Ra-223 in equilibrium with its progeny. Several high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors were used to perform the gamma-ray spectrometry measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pibida, L.; Zimmerman, B.; Fitzgerald, R.; King, L.; Cessna, J. T.; Bergeron, D. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 101 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.03.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CK0IN UT WOS:000355889000003 PM 25813002 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Han, DW Zhuo, L Huang, J Islam, T Srivastava, PK AF Dai, Qiang Han, Dawei Zhuo, Lu Huang, Jing Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. TI Impact of complexity of radar rainfall uncertainty model on flow simulation SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ensemble generator; MDEG; Copula; Flow simulation; Model uncertainty ID MEAN-FIELD BIAS; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; CATCHMENT MODELS; REAL; CALIBRATION; ACCURACY; COPULA; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION AB A large number of radar rainfall uncertainty (RRU) models have been proposed due to many error sources in weather radar measurements. It is recognized that these models should be integrated into overall uncertainty analysis schemes with other kinds of model uncertainties such as model parameter uncertainty when the radar rainfall is applied in hydrological modeling. We expect that the RRU model can be expressed in a mathematically extensible and simple format. However, the complexity of the RRU has been growing as more and more factors are considered such as spatio-temporal dependence and non-Gaussian distribution. This study analyzes how the RRU propagates through a hydrological model (the Xinanjiang model) and investigates which features of the RRU model have significant impacts on flow simulation. A RRU model named Multivariate Distributed Ensemble Generator (MDEG) is implemented in the Brue catchment in England under different model complexities. The generated ensemble rainfall values by MDEG are then input into the Xinanjiang model to produce uncertainty bands of ensemble flows. Comparison of five important indicators that describe the characteristics of uncertainty bands shows that the ensemble flows generated by MDEG with non-Gaussian marginal and joint distributions are close to the ones with Gaussian distributions. In addition, the dispersion of the uncertainty bands increases dramatically with the growth of the MDEG model complexity. It is concluded that the Gaussian marginal distribution and spatio-temporal dependence using Gaussian copula is considered to be the preferred configuration of the MDEG model for hydrological model uncertainty analysis. Further studies should be carried out in a variety of catchments under different climate conditions and geographical locations to check if the conclusion is valid beyond the Brue catchment under the British climate. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dai, Qiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab VGE, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei; Zhuo, Lu] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Dai, Qiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jing] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab VGE, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM q.dai@bristol.ac.uk OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171301]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) program FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41171301) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) program. The authors acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre, Digimap Resource Centre and the Land Resource Management Unit of the European Commission Joint Research Centre for providing the data. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 161 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.04.002 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7XB UT WOS:000355712600009 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Leaf, RT Kane, J Tommasi, D Asch, RG Rebuck, N Ji, R Large, SI Stock, C Saba, VS AF Friedland, Kevin D. Leaf, Robert T. Kane, Joe Tommasi, Desiree Asch, Rebecca G. Rebuck, Nathan Ji, Rubao Large, Scott I. Stock, Charles Saba, Vincent S. TI Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spring bloom; US Northeast Shelf; Zooplankton biomass; Bloom timing; Climate ID COMMUNITY SIZE STRUCTURE; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GEORGES-BANK; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHANGING CLIMATE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB The spring phytoplankton bloom on the US Northeast Continental Shelf is a feature of the ecosystem production cycle that varies annually in timing, spatial extent, and magnitude. To quantify this variability, we analyzed remotely-sensed ocean color data at two spatial scales, one based on ecologically defined sub-units of the ecosystem (production units) and the other on a regular grid (0.5 degrees). Five units were defined: Gulf of Maine East and West, Georges Bank, and Middle Atlantic Bight North and South. The units averaged 47 x 10(3) km(2) in size. The initiation and termination of the spring bloom were determined using change-point analysis with constraints on what was identified as a bloom based on climatological bloom patterns. A discrete spring bloom was detected in most years over much of the western Gulf of Maine production unit. However, bloom frequency declined in the eastern Gulf of Maine and transitioned to frequencies as low as 50% along the southern flank of the Georges Bank production unit. Detectable spring blooms were episodic in the Middle Atlantic Bight production units. In the western Gulf of Maine, bloom duration was inversely related to bloom start day; thus, early blooms tended to be longer lasting and larger magnitude blooms. We view this as a phenological mismatch between bloom timing and the "top-down" grazing pressure that terminates a bloom. Estimates of secondary production were available from plankton surveys that provided spring indices of zooplankton biovolume. Winter chlorophyll biomass had little effect on spring zooplankton biovolume, whereas spring chlorophyll biomass had mixed effects on biovolume. There was evidence of a "bottom up" response seen on Georges Bank where spring zooplankton biovolume was positively correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll. However, in the western Gulf of Maine, biovolume was uncorrelated with chlorophyll concentration, but was positively correlated with bloom start and negatively correlated with magnitude. This observation is consistent with both a "top-down" mechanism of control of the bloom and a "bottom-up" effect of bloom timing on zooplankton grazing. Our inability to form a consistent model of these relationships across adjacent systems underscores the need for further research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.; Kane, Joe; Rebuck, Nathan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Leaf, Robert T.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Tommasi, Desiree; Stock, Charles] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Asch, Rebecca G.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Large, Scott I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Geophys Fluid Dynam L, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov RI Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015; Tommasi, Desiree/M-1668-2015; OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427; Tommasi, Desiree/0000-0003-4027-6047; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 104 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 102 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.005 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CJ3DD UT WOS:000355362700005 ER PT J AU Lombardi-Carlson, LA Andrews, AH AF Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A. Andrews, Allen H. TI Age estimation and lead-radium dating of golden tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Age validation; Radiometric ageing; Lead-210; Radium-226; Malacanthidae; Great Northern tilefish ID TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; BOMB RADIOCARBON; MID-ATLANTIC; SEX-CHANGE; GROWTH; VALIDATION; FISHERIES; OTOLITHS; SOUTHERN AB There is a growing concern over the lack of life history information for many deepwater fisheries species, including golden tilefish, Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps. Fundamental life history characteristics, like age and growth, are required for effective, age-structured stock assessments and management decisions. A previous effort to validate golden tilefish age estimates using bomb radiocarbon dating was inconclusive, which led to an application of lead-radium dating in the current study. Lead-radium dating uses the radioactive disequilibrium of lead-210 (Pb-210) and radium-226 (Ra-226) in otoliths as an independent estimate of age. Ages were also estimated using traditional age estimates by counting growth zones in thin otolith sections and lead-radium dating was used to test these estimates. Radiometric ages (corrected for time since capture) were similar to age estimates from growth zone counts for two of the female age groups and the two oldest age groups of unknown sex, which confirmed an annual growth zone deposition. However, radiometric ages did not agree with age estimates from growth zone counts for males. The difference may be attributed to geographical variations in radium levels, growth rates and growth zone formation by gender or gender transition. Male sagittal otoliths revealed inconsistent growth zone patterns in thin sections, which may have contributed to underageing. Golden tilefish longevity was confirmed to 26 years. C1 [Lombardi-Carlson, Linda A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL USA. [Andrews, Allen H.] Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Lombardi-Carlson, LA (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Linda.Lombardi@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Fisheries Initiative Program [07MFIH007] FX We thank Heather Hawk at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories for assistance with sample processing and Craig Lundstrom at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for ICP-MS processing of the purified radium samples. We appreciate Claudia Dennis (National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL) for collection of biological samples at the docks and Laura Goetz Thorton (National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL) for sectioning the otoliths used in this study. We also thank Bryon White and Marcel Reichert at South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Predication Program in providing golden tilefish radiocarbon values and otolith sections. The primary author recognizes her doctoral committee (Micheal Allen, William E. Pine, III, Carl Walters, Debra Murie, Alan Bolten, and Clay Porch) at the University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program for their comments and suggestions on this research as it appears in her dissertation. Opinions expressed herein are of the authors and do not imply endorsement by National Marine Fisheries Service. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Fisheries Initiative Program (07MFIH007). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2015 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1787 EP 1801 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0398-0 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ6RJ UT WOS:000355620700006 ER PT J AU Doctor, KK Berejikian, BA Winans, GA Van Doornik, DM AF Doctor, Katy K. Berejikian, Barry A. Winans, Gary A. Van Doornik, Donald M. TI Evidence of between-population variation in morphology and thermal plasticity of agonistic behavior in two genetically distinct populations of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Morphology; Behavior; Phenotypic plasticity; Temperature; Common garden; Steelhead ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; SUNFISH LEPOMIS-GIBBOSUS; STREAM-TYPE POPULATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY TYPES; NEWLY EMERGED FRY; BODY MORPHOLOGY; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Morphological and behavioral traits affect an individual's fitness and can reflect both evolutionary adaptations and phenotypic responses to environmental conditions. We conducted a reciprocal transplant 'common garden' experiment at two temperature regimes to test for phenotypic plasticity in morphological and behavioral traits between and within two populations of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hood Canal, WA, USA. The Dewatto River and Duckabush River populations exhibited asymmetric changes in body morphology in response to the two temperature regimes, suggesting both between- and within-population variation in morphological plasticity. In most cases, within population variation in body shapes was less than between temperature regimes. Most notably the populations differed in dorso-ventral and caudal regions, body depth, and head shape, with some differences on the anterior-posterior placement of the dorsal and ventral fins. The warm temperature regime caused more exploratory behavior, more charging behavior, and higher fin erosion, and population effects included slight differences in feeding aggression frequency. Morphology appeared to vary more between populations than between temperature regimes, and behavioral traits varied more between temperature regimes than between populations. Morphological variation may reflect adaptations to variation in freshwater habitat conditions, and both populations show behavioral plasticity in response to temperature. This study sheds new light on the role of genetic and environmental influence on morphology and behavior in juvenile steelhead. C1 [Doctor, Katy K.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Winans, Gary A.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Manchester Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Doctor, KK (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Manchester Res Stn, 7305 E Beach Dr, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM Katy.Doctor@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program in 2010. This project was conducted in collaboration with the Hood Canal Steelhead Project (NOAA NWFSC). Field collection of steelhead eggs in the Dewatto and Duckabush rivers was completed with the help of Teresa Sjostrom and Sean Hildebrandt (formally with Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group), Joy Lee-Waltermire and Rick Endicott (Long Live the Kings), and Megan Moore (NOAA NWFSC). Steelhead eggs were incubated and hatched at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Quilcene National Fish Hatchery (Quilcene, WA) under the direction of Dan Magnusen and Paul Kaiser. Juvenile steelhead were raised at Long Live the King's Lilliwaup Hatchery for the duration of the experiment with the help of Joy Lee-Waltermire and Rick Endicott. Assistance with tank design and construction was provided by Rob Endicott, Jeff Atkins, and Rick Endicott. Data collection assistance was provided by Megan Moore, Rob Endicott, and Joy Lee-Waltermire. Statistical guidance and advice was provided by Eric Ward (NOAA NWFSC). Megan Moore provided technical assistance in creating Fig. 1. Appropriate scientific collection permits were obtained from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. The study plan was approved by the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and are not intended to represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service with which the authors are affiliated. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUL PY 2015 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1803 EP 1821 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0399-z PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ6RJ UT WOS:000355620700007 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI Untangling Economic Impacts for Alaska Fisheries: A Structural Path Analysis SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Economic impacts; fisheries; structural path analysis; social accounting matrix; Southeast Alaska; R15; Q22 ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; FRAMEWORK; AGRICULTURE AB Fishery managers are often provided with economic impact multipliers calculated using input-output (IO) or social accounting matrix (SAM) models. However, these multipliers measure total economic impacts and do not provide the fishery managers with the details underlying how and along what paths these total economic impacts are generated and transmitted throughout a regional economy. This article uses a structural path analysis (SPA) to illustrate how an initial shock to a fishery sector generates impacts through various paths in a regional economy and to what extent these impacts are amplified while passing through the various paths. The SPA analysis is conducted within a SAM framework for the fisheries of the Southeast region of Alaska. C1 NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 331 EP 347 DI 10.1086/680444 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA CJ6NT UT WOS:000355611300007 ER PT J AU Smith, AB Matthews, JL AF Smith, Adam B. Matthews, Jessica L. TI Quantifying uncertainty and variable sensitivity within the US billion-dollar weather and climate disaster cost estimates SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Natural disasters; Costs; Losses; Uncertainty; Statistics of extreme events; Sensitivity ID NATURAL DISASTERS; UNITED-STATES; LOSSES; DAMAGE AB Research examining natural disaster costs on social and economic systems is substantial. However, there are few empirical studies that seek to quantify the uncertainty and establish confidence intervals surrounding natural disaster cost estimates (ex post). To better frame the data limitations associated with natural disaster loss estimates, a range of losses can be evaluated by conducting multiple analyses and varying certain input parameters to which the losses are most sensitive. This paper contributes to the literature by examining new approaches for better understanding the uncertainty surrounding three US natural disaster cost estimate case studies, via Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the 95, 90 and 75 % confidence intervals. This research also performs a sensitivity analysis for one of the case studies examining which input data variables and assumptions are the most sensitive and contribute most to the overall uncertainty of the estimate. The Monte Carlo simulations for all three of the natural disaster events examined provide additional confidence in the US billion-dollar weather and climate disaster loss estimate report (NCDC 2014), since these estimates are within the confidence limits and near the mean and median of the example simulations. The normalized sensitivity analysis of Hurricane Ike damage costs determined that commercial losses in Texas are the most sensitive to assumption variability. Therefore, improvements in quantifying the commercial insurance participation rate for Texas will result in the largest reduction of uncertainty in the total loss estimate for Hurricane Ike. Further minimization of uncertainty would continue with improved measurement of subsequent cost parameters in order of descending sensitivity. C1 [Smith, Adam B.; Matthews, Jessica L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Matthews, Jessica L.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Smith, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Adam.Smith@noaa.gov OI Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX The work of Jessica Matthews was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. We thank ISO/Property Claims Service, FEMA's National Flood Insurance Program, USDA's Risk Management Agency and the Insurance Information Institute for providing key sources and insights to better understand these data and important caveats. We also thank a number of reviewers including Neal Lott, Mike Squires, Scott Chapal, John Bates, Tom Peterson, Anthony Arguez, Tom Karl and anonymous reviewers for useful comments to enhance this research article. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JUL PY 2015 VL 77 IS 3 BP 1829 EP 1851 DI 10.1007/s11069-015-1678-x PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CJ6VL UT WOS:000355633100022 ER PT J AU Ivashchenko, YV Clapham, PJ AF Ivashchenko, Yulia V. Clapham, Phillip J. TI What's the catch? Validity of whaling data for Japanese catches of sperm whales in the North Pacific SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whaling; illegal whaling; North Pacific; sperm whale; Japan; USSR ID SOVIET CATCHES AB The failure of international efforts to manage commercial whaling was exemplified by revelations of large-scale illegal whale catches by the USSR over a 30 year period following World War II. Falsifications of catch data have also been reported for Japanese coastal whaling, but to date there has been no investigation of the reliability of catch statistics for Japanese pelagic (factory fleet) whaling operations. Here, we use data of known reliability from Soviet whaling industry reports to show that body lengths reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japanese factory fleets for female sperm whales caught in the North Pacific are not credible. In 1968/1969, Japanese whaling fleets in the North Pacific killed 1568 females, of which 1525 (97.3%) were reported as being at or above the IWC's minimum length of 11.6m (legal-sized females, LSFs). By contrast, Soviet fleets operating during this period killed 12 578 females; only 824 (6.6%) were LSFs. Adjusting for effort, catches of LSFs were up to 9.1 times higher for Japan compared with the USSR, and even higher for very large females. Dramatic differences in body length statistics were evident when both nations operated in the same area. Significantly, the frequency of LSFs and very large females in the Japanese catch markedly declined after the IWC's International Observer Scheme in 1972 made illegal whaling more difficult. We conclude that the Japanese length data reflect systematic falsification of catch statistics submitted to the IWC, with serious implications for the reliability of data used in current population assessments. The apparent ease with which catch data were falsified in the past underscores the necessity of transparent and independent inspection procedures in any future commercial whaling. C1 [Ivashchenko, Yulia V.; Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ivashchenko, YV (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM yulia.ivashchenko@noaa.gov FU NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Y.V.I. was supported by a contract from the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center. P.J.C. is a US federal government employee. We thank the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for partially funding this work through a contract to Seastar Scientific via Ocean Associates Inc. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 2 IS 7 AR 150177 DI 10.1098/rsos.150177 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7MG UT WOS:000377966100024 PM 26587276 ER PT J AU Ying, KR Zhao, TB Quan, XW Zheng, XG Frederiksen, CS AF Ying, Kairan Zhao, Tianbao Quan, Xiao-Wei Zheng, Xiaogu Frederiksen, Carsten S. TI Interannual variability of autumn to spring seasonal precipitation in eastern China SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; ENSO; Interdecadal change; Seasonal predictable; Intraseasonal; Siberian High; Subtropical high ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIAN MONSOON; WESTERN PACIFIC; EL-NINO; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL ANOMALIES; LEADING MODES; INDIAN-OCEAN AB The interannual variability of seasonal precipitation in eastern China from fall to following spring is examined for the period of 1951-2004 based on observations at 106 stations. The temporal variability of seasonal mean values is decomposed into intraseasonal (fast) and slow (potentially predictable) components. EOF analysis is then applied to both the fast and predictable components. We find that (1) the most predictable signal migrates in a north-south direction along with the annual cycle of the monsoon in east China, while spatial patterns of the leading fast modes does not change much; (2) the predictable signal of precipitation in eastern China is associated with anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns having more zonally symmetric structures while the fast time-varying precipitation components are accompanied by wavy anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns; (3) the most predictable signal has an apparent 1-season lagged correlation with the interannual variation of sea surface temperature associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation; (4) The fast rainfall component is largely attributed to the intraseasonal variabilities of the Siberian High over the Eurasian continent and the subtropical high associated with the Western-Pacific-Oscillation-like variabilities over the North Pacific; and (5) The ENSO signal in the fall seasonal precipitation persisted throughout the entire 54-year period while the signal in winter intensified significantly after the mid-1970s. This is attributed to the weaker/stronger intensification of ENSO anomalies in the tropical Pacific during the fall/winter. C1 [Ying, Kairan; Zheng, Xiaogu] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Ying, Kairan; Zhao, Tianbao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res East Asia, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quan, Xiao-Wei] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Frederiksen, Carsten S.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM quan.xiao-wei@noaa.gov FU National Program on Key Basic Research Projects of China [2010CB951604]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB956203]; Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China [2013BAC05B04] FX This work was supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Projects of China (Grant No. 2010CB951604), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB956203), and Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2013BAC05B04). The authors thank the anonymous reviewers of this paper whose informative and insightful comments/suggestions have bean very helpful and greatly improved the quality of the paper. We also grateful to the editors for their hard work and suggestions on this manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 253 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2411-2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI4IS UT WOS:000354712500015 ER PT J AU Liu, RF Wang, WQ AF Liu, Ren-Feng Wang, Wanqiu TI Multi-week prediction of South-East Asia rainfall variability during boreal summer in CFSv2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-week prediction; Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation; Monthly forecast; Intraseasonal variability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; MONSOON INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MJO; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY; OCEAN; TELECONNECTIONS; MODELS AB In this paper we analyze the multi-week prediction bias and skill from the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) based on its hindcasts for 1999-2012. The analyses focus on the prediction of the rainfall variability over South-East Asia during boreal warm seasons and the dependence of the prediction on the activity of intrasesaonal leading modes. It is shown that the prediction skill measured by anomaly correlation is comparable between the total anomalies and intraseasonal anomalies during the first 2 weeks. After week 2, the prediction skill drops substantially and the skill for total anomalies is largely from the prediction for the interannual variability. Moreover, the forecast skill tends to be higher when the amplitude of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (BSISO) is larger, especially for the BSISO. It is noted that the prediction skill over South-East Asia depends on the phase of the BSISO. One deficiency in the CFSv2 is that the northward propagation of the forecast BSISO is generally slower than the observed. C1 [Liu, Ren-Feng] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, CPC, NCEP, NWS,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NOAA, CPC, NCEP, NWS,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3004, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2401-4 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI4IS UT WOS:000354712500029 ER PT J AU Larson, EJL Toon, OB West, RA Friedson, AJ AF Larson, Erik J. L. Toon, Owen B. West, Robert A. Friedson, A. James TI Microphysical modeling of Titan's detached haze layer in a 3D GCM SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan, atmosphere; Atmospheres, structure; Atmospheres, dynamics ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; AEROSOLS; MESOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN; SIZE AB We use a 3D GCM with coupled aerosol microphysics to investigate the formation and seasonal cycle of the detached haze layer in Titan's upper atmosphere. The base of the detached haze layer is defined by a local minimum in the vertical extinction profile. The detached haze is seen at all latitudes including the south pole as seen in Cassini images from 2005-2012. The layer merges into the winter polar haze at high latitudes where the Hadley circulation carries the particles downward. The hemisphere in which the haze merges with the polar haze varies with season. We find that the base of the detached haze layer occurs where there is a near balance between vertical winds and particle fall velocities. Generally the vertical variation of particle concentration in the detached haze region is simply controlled by sedimentation, so the concentration and the extinction vary roughly in proportion to air density. This variation explains why the upper part of the main haze layer, and the bulk of the detached haze layer follow exponential profiles. However, the shape of the profile is modified in regions where the vertical wind velocity is comparable to the particle fall velocity. Our simulations closely match the period when the base of the detached layer in the tropics is observed to begin its seasonal drop in altitude, and the total range of the altitude drop. However, the simulations have the base of the detached layer about 100 km lower than observed, and the time for the base to descend is slower in the simulations than observed. These differences may point to the model having somewhat lower vertical winds than occur on Titan, or somewhat too large of particle sizes, or some combination of both. Our model is consistent with a dynamical origin for the detached haze rather than a chemical or microphysical one. This balance between the vertical wind and particle fall velocities occurs throughout the summer hemisphere and tropics. The particle concentration gradients that are established in the summer hemisphere are transported to the winter hemisphere by meridional winds from the overturning Hadley cell. Our model is consistent with the disappearance of the detached haze layer in early 2014. Our simulations predict the detached haze and gap will reemerge at its original high altitude between mid 2014 and early 2015. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Larson, Erik J. L.; Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larson, Erik J. L.; Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [West, Robert A.; Friedson, A. James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Larson, EJL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broad Way, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM larsonej@colorado.edu RI Larson, Erik/A-8668-2015 OI Larson, Erik/0000-0002-8994-1258 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 254 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.010 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CI8KU UT WOS:000355022000010 ER PT J AU Villarrubia, JS Vladar, AE Ming, B Kline, RJ Sunday, DF Chawla, JS List, S AF Villarrubia, J. S. Vladar, A. E. Ming, B. Kline, R. J. Sunday, D. F. Chawla, J. S. List, S. TI Scanning electron microscope measurement of width and shape of 10 nm patterned lines using a JMONSEL-modeled library SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Critical dimension( CD); Critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS); Dimensional metrology; Model-based dimensional metrology; Scanning electron microscopy(SEM); Transmission electron microscopy(TEM); Simulation ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; MONTE-CARLO; STOPPING POWER; DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY; IONIC-CRYSTALS; EMISSION; TRANSPORT; TARGETS; BREAKDOWN AB The width and shape of 10 nm to 12 nm wide lithographically patterned SiO2 lines were measured in the scanning electron microscope by fitting the measure dintensity vs. position to a physics-based model in which the lines' widths and shapes are parameters. The approximately 32 nm pitch sample was patterned at Intel using a state-of-the-art pitch quartering process. Their narrow widths and asymmetrical shapes are representative of near-future generation transistor gates. These pose a challenge: the narrowness because electrons landing near one edge may scatter out of the other, so that the intensity profile at each edge becomes width-dependent, and the asymmetry because the shapere quires more parameters to describe and measure. Modeling was performed by JMONSEL (Java Monte Carlo Simulation of Secondary Electrons), which produces a predicted yield vs. position for a given sample shape and composition. The simulator produces a library of predicted profiles for varying sample geometry. Shape parameter values are adjusted until interpolation of the library with those values best matches the measured image. Profiles there by determined agreed with those determined by transmission electron microscopy and critical dimensions mall-anglex-rays cattering to better than 1 nm. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Villarrubia, J. S.; Vladar, A. E.; Ming, B.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kline, R. J.; Sunday, D. F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chawla, J. S.; List, S.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.villarrubia@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU NIST's Physical Measurement and Manufacturing Engineering Laboratories; SE-MATECH; E.I. DuPontde Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The MBL-SEM portion of this work was funded by NIST's Physical Measurement and (before 2011) Manufacturing Engineering Laboratories. JMONSEL development was partly supported by SE-MATECH. Portions associated with CD-SAXS measurements were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the APS. DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPontde Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD JUL PY 2015 VL 154 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.01.004 PG 14 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CI8JN UT WOS:000355018700004 PM 25747180 ER PT J AU Parsons, GR Foster, DG AF Parsons, Glenn R. Foster, Daniel G. TI Reducing bycatch in the United States Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery with an emphasis on red snapper bycatch reduction SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch reduction device; Shrimp trawl; Red snapper ID LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; WATER-FLOW; PERFORMANCE; HABITATS; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES AB Bycatch, the capture of non-targeted species during commercial fishing, is a global problem that may require novel solutions. The nested cylinder bycatch reduction device (NCBRD), developed using laboratory behavioral studies (Parsons and Foster, 2007; Parsons et al., 2012), was herein evaluated for reducing bycatch in shrimp trawl fisheries and fonts application in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM) fishery. We examined the efficacy of the NCBRD for retaining shrimp, for reducing total bycatch, and for reducing bycatch of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), a species that is presently over-fished in the GOM. Using paired trawling on-board leased, commercial fishing vessels, shrimp catch, total bycatch, and the catch of red snapper juveniles were compared from trawls equipped with an NCBRD and control trawls without. Depending upon configuration, trawls with an NCBRD captured about 46-100% of shrimp taken in controls, reduced total bycatch by 26-60% and, of particular note, reduced red snapper bycatch by about 50%. When catch rates were compared, 2.29 (+/- 0.38 s.e.) snapper/h/trawl were taken with an NCBRD and 6.11 (+/- 0.93 s.e.) snapper/h/trawl without, a highly significant (ANOVA, P = 0.0032, F = 9.39, d.f. = 1, 64) effect. Finally, using only red snapper captured in control trawls, we observed a significant effect of depth on red snapper capture with decreasing numbers of red snapper captured with increasing depth. In waters south of Galveston shallower than about 55 m, catch rates ranged from 4.5 to 23.4 snapper/h/trawl and in deeper water ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 snapper/h/trawl. We identified a highly significant relationship (P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.685) between red snapper catch and depth. We estimate that use of the NCBRD would reduce juvenile red snapper bycatch in the northern Gulf of Mexico by about 50%. These results suggest that the NCBRD may find application in trawl fisheries worldwide. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parsons, Glenn R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Foster, Daniel G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Engn & Harvesting Branch, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Parsons, GR (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. EM bygrp@olemiss.edu; Daniel.G.Foster@noaa.gov FU Walton Foundation for Marine Research; World Wildlife Fund; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Fish and Wildlife Foundations', Shell Marine Research Program FX We are most grateful for the help of J. Mitchell, C. Gledhill, A. Chester and S. Szedlmayer for reviewing drafts of the manuscript and J. Gearhart for assistance with the figures. The help of the Ole Miss Biological Research Team consisting of B. Crosby, M. Gaylord, K. Rice and D. Williams was invaluable. We are likewise grateful for the captains and crews of the F/V Isabel Maier, F/V Simple Man, F/V Fair Maiden and F/V Captain Wick. Many thanks are due to S. Bosarge, L. Bosarge, G. Graham, M. Osmond and S. Donovan for their assistance. This work was made possible by grants to G.R.P. from the Walton Foundation for Marine Research, the World Wildlife Fund, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundations', Shell Marine Research Program, The National Marine Fisheries Service does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 167 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.02.009 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CH0VO UT WOS:000353740700024 ER PT J AU Reed, ZD Hodges, JT AF Reed, Zachary D. Hodges, Joseph T. TI Self- and air-broadened cross sections of ethane (C2H6) determined by frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy near 1.68 mu m SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Ethane; C2H6; Cavity ring-down spectroscopy; CRDS; Cavity enhanced spectroscopy; Methane monitoring ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; REAL-TIME; METHANE; SPECTROMETER; CLOUD AB The absorption spectrum of ethane was measured by frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy over the wave number range 5950-5967 cm(-1). Spectra are reported for both pure ethane acquired at pressures near 3 Pa and mixtures of ethane in air at pressures ranging from 666 Pa to 101.3 kPa. Absorption cross sections are reported with a spectrum sampling period of 109 MHz and frequency resolution of 200 kHz. Atmospheric pressure cross sections agree fairly well with existing cross sections determined by FTS in nitrogen, but there are significant variations in cross sections at lower pressures. Source identification of fugitive methane emissions using spectroscopic measurements of the atmospheric ethane-to-methane ratio is also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reed, Zachary D.; Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reed, ZD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.reed@nist.gov FU Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 159 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.03.010 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CH2LZ UT WOS:000353858000010 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Kazakov, AF AF Chirico, Robert D. Kazakov, Andrei F. TI Thermodynamic properties of xanthone: Heat capacities, phase-transition properties, and thermodynamic-consistency analyses using computational results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Xanthone; Computational chemistry; Enthalpy of combustion; Enthalpy of formation; Enthalpy of fusion; Enthalpy of sublimation; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties; Phase-transition; Triple point temperature ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MUTUAL VALIDATION AB Heat capacities and phase-transition properties for xanthone (IUPAC name 9H-xanthen-9-one and Chemical Abstracts registry number [90-47-1]) are reported for the temperature range 5 < T/K < 524. Statistical calculations were performed and thermodynamic properties for the ideal gas were derived based on molecular geometry optimization and vibrational frequencies calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. These results are combined with sublimation pressures from the literature to allow critical evaluation of inconsistent enthalpies of sublimation for xanthone, also reported in the literature. Literature values for the enthalpy of combustion of xanthone are re-assessed, a revision is recommended for one result, and a new value for the enthalpy of formation of the ideal gas is derived. Comparisons with thermophysical properties reported in the literature are made for all other reported and derived properties, where possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.chirico@nist.gov FU Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program; DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP) [DE-AC22-94C91008] FX We acknowledge the contributions of I. Alex Hossenlopp in vapor-transfer of the sample prior to heat-capacity studies and Stephen E. Knipmeyer for maintenance of all apparatus. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for financial support of the experimental studies. This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The experiments were completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. Manuscript preparation and all computations were done at NIST. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2015.02.009 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA CF4GK UT WOS:000352506600012 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV Kazakov, AF AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. Kazakov, Andrei F. TI Thermodynamic properties of 1-naphthol: Mutual validation of experimental and computational results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 1-naphthol; Computational chemistry; Enthalpy of combustion; Enthalpy of formation; Enthalpy of fusion; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties; Sublimation pressure; Triple point temperature; Vapor pressure ID 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; ORGANIC EUTECTICS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; HEAT-CAPACITIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COMBUSTION; ENTHALPIES; CHEMISTRY; NAPHTHALENE; 2-NAPHTHOL AB Thermodynamic properties for 1-naphthol (Chemical Abstracts registry number [90-15-3]) in the ideal-gas state are reported based on both experimental and computational methods. Measured properties included the triple-point temperature, enthalpy of fusion, and heat capacities for the crystal and liquid phases by adiabatic calorimetry; vapor pressures by inclined-piston manometry and comparative ebulliometry; and the enthalpy of combustion of the crystal phase by oxygen bomb calorimetry. Critical properties were estimated. Entropies for the ideal-gas state were derived from the experimental studies for the temperature range 298.15 <= T/K <= 600, and independent statistical calculations were performed based on molecular geometry optimization and vibrational frequencies calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The mutual validation of the independent experimental and computed results is achieved with a scaling factor of 0.975 applied to the calculated vibrational frequencies. This same scaling factor was successfully applied in the analysis of results for other polycyclic molecules, as described in a series of recent articles by this research group. This article reports the first extension of this approach to a hydroxy-aromatic compound. All experimental results are compared with property values reported in the literature. Thermodynamic consistency between properties is used to show that several studies in the literature are erroneous. The enthalpy of combustion for 1-naphthol was also measured in this research, and excellent agreement is seen with several values already reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.chirico@nist.gov FU Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE); Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program; DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP) [DE-AC22-94C91008] FX We acknowledge the contributions of An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure measurements, Norris K. Smith in the combustion study, I. Alex Hossenlopp in vapor-transfer of the samples prior to the physical property measurements, and Stephen E. Knipmeyer for maintenance of all apparatus. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy (DOE) for financial support of the experimental studies. This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The experiments were completed through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. Manuscript preparation and all computations were done at NIST. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2015.02.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA CF4GK UT WOS:000352506600014 ER PT J AU BozorgMagham, AE Motesharrei, S Penny, SG Kalnay, E AF BozorgMagham, Amir E. Motesharrei, Safa Penny, Stephen G. Kalnay, Eugenia TI Causality Analysis: Identifying the Leading Element in a Coupled Dynamical System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; GRANGER CAUSALITY; TRANSFER ENTROPY; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INFORMATION; SYNCHRONIZATION; TERMINATION; MODEL AB Physical systems with time-varying internal couplings are abundant in nature. While the full governing equations of these systems are typically unknown due to insufficient understanding of their internal mechanisms, there is often interest in determining the leading element. Here, the leading element is defined as the sub-system with the largest coupling coefficient averaged over a selected time span. Previously, the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) method has been employed to determine causality and dominant component in weakly coupled systems with constant coupling coefficients. In this study, CCM is applied to a pair of coupled Lorenz systems with time-varying coupling coefficients, exhibiting switching between dominant sub-systems in different periods. Four sets of numerical experiments are carried out. The first three cases consist of different coupling coefficient schemes: I) Periodic-constant, II) Normal, and III) Mixed Normal/Non-normal. In case IV, numerical experiment of cases II and III are repeated with imposed temporal uncertainties as well as additive normal noise. Our results show that, through detecting directional interactions, CCM identifies the leading sub-system in all cases except when the average coupling coefficients are approximately equal, i.e., when the dominant sub-system is not well defined. C1 [BozorgMagham, Amir E.; Penny, Stephen G.; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci AOSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Motesharrei, Safa] Natl Socio Environm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Motesharrei, Safa] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Motesharrei, Safa; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.] NCEP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP BozorgMagham, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci AOSC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amirb@atmos.umd.edu OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906; Motesharrei, Safa/0000-0001-5905-3842 FU NASA [526630] FX This work was supported by NASA 526630. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0131226 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0131226 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1BR UT WOS:000358151300040 PM 26125157 ER PT J AU Nahorniak, M Larsen, DP Volk, C Jordan, CE AF Nahorniak, Matthew Larsen, David P. Volk, Carol Jordan, Chris E. TI Using Inverse Probability Bootstrap Sampling to Eliminate Sample Induced Bias in Model Based Analysis of Unequal Probability Samples SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RESOURCES AB In ecology, as in other research fields, efficient sampling for population estimation often drives sample designs toward unequal probability sampling, such as in stratified sampling. Design based statistical analysis tools are appropriate for seamless integration of sample design into the statistical analysis. However, it is also common and necessary, after a sampling design has been implemented, to use datasets to address questions that, in many cases, were not considered during the sampling design phase. Questions may arise requiring the use of model based statistical tools such as multiple regression, quantile regression, or regression tree analysis. However, such model based tools may require, for ensuring unbiased estimation, data from simple random samples, which can be problematic when analyzing data from unequal probability designs. Despite numerous method specific tools available to properly account for sampling design, too often in the analysis of ecological data, sample design is ignored and consequences are not properly considered. We demonstrate here that violation of this assumption can lead to biased parameter estimates in ecological research. In addition, to the set of tools available for researchers to properly account for sampling design in model based analysis, we introduce inverse probability bootstrapping ( IPB). Inverse probability bootstrapping is an easily implemented method for obtaining equal probability re-samples from a probability sample, from which unbiased model based estimates can be made. We demonstrate the potential for bias in model-based analyses that ignore sample inclusion probabilities, and the effectiveness of IPB sampling in eliminating this bias, using both simulated and actual ecological data. For illustration, we considered three model based analysis tools-linear regression, quantile regression, and boosted regression tree analysis. In all models, using both simulated and actual ecological data, we found inferences to be biased, sometimes severely, when sample inclusion probabilities were ignored, while IPB sampling effectively produced unbiased parameter estimates. C1 [Nahorniak, Matthew; Volk, Carol] South Fork Res Inc, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Larsen, David P.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Nahorniak, M (reprint author), South Fork Res Inc, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM matt@southforkresearch.org FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [2003-017-00, 2011-006-00]; South Fork Research, Inc. FX This research is supported by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (http://www.noaa.gov/) and the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA, Projects 2003-017-00 and 2011-006-00) (http://www.bpa.gov). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. South Fork Research, Inc. provided support in the form of salaries for authors (MN, CV), but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0131765 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0131765 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1BR UT WOS:000358151300053 PM 26126211 ER PT J AU Moore, N Andresen, J Lofgren, B Pijanowski, B Kim, DY AF Moore, Nathan Andresen, Jeffrey Lofgren, Brent Pijanowski, Bryan Kim, Dong-Yun TI Projected land-cover change effects on East African rainfall under climate change SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; land-use change; hydrology ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INDIAN-OCEAN; GREATER HORN; SHORT RAINS; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Both land-cover/land-use change (LCLUC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have been shown to influence regional climate, albeit at different spatial scales. In East Africa, climate changes due to changing GHG concentrations are broadly projected to be warmer and wetter. LCLUC projections include trends towards both agricultural intensification and agricultural expansion into savannas, which may result in complex climate interactions and impacts. The primary objective of this study was to examine the regional responses to future GHG, LCLUC, and their combined effects in East Africa, and to better understand how hydrometeorological mechanisms might be altered by LCLUC in future scenarios. In this study, we present high-resolution decadal simulations from a regional climate model that compare the relative and combined effects of projected LCLUC and GHG. This research suggests that taken separately, these two climate forcings may significantly alter regional precipitation patterns both temporally and spatially but in potentially different and independent ways. In combination, some portions of the region exhibit responses dominated by either LCLUC or GHG effects, but certain areas show complex effects resulting from the combined influence of these two forcings. Perhaps most importantly, the results suggest that projected precipitation changes around major population areas may be as strongly influenced by LCLUC as by GHG effects. C1 [Moore, Nathan; Andresen, Jeffrey] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lofgren, Brent] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Pijanowski, Bryan] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Dong-Yun] NHLBI, Off Biostat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Moore, N (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 673 Auditorium Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM andresen@msu.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU NSF Biocomplexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program [BCS 0308420, BCS/CNH 0709671]; Rockefeller Foundation [2009 CLI 324]; Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was funded by NSF Biocomplexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems Program awards BCS 0308420 and BCS/CNH 0709671 and award 2009 CLI 324 from the Rockefeller Foundation. This research used data provided by the Community Climate System Model project (www.ccsm.ucar.edu), supported by the Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy. The NCAR GIS Initiative provided CCSM data in a GIS format through GIS Climate Change Scenarios portal (http://www.gisclimatechange.org). We would like to acknowledge the support of our late colleague and friend Dr David Campbell, without whom this study would not have been possible. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1772 EP 1783 DI 10.1002/joc.4117 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM5OG UT WOS:000357737000006 ER PT J AU Walder, R Paik, DH Bull, MS Sauer, C Perkins, TT AF Walder, Robert Paik, D. Hern Bull, Matthew S. Sauer, Carl Perkins, Thomas T. TI Ultrastable measurement platform: sub-nm drift over hours in 3D at room temperature SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BASE-PAIR RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-TWEEZERS; SINGLE-MOLECULE; RNA-POLYMERASE; PARTICLE TRACKING; PROTEIN MOLECULE; PRECISION; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFEROMETRY AB Advanced optical traps can probe single molecules with angstrom ngstrom-scale precision, but drift limits the utility of these instruments. To achieve angstrom-scale stability, a differential measurement scheme between a pair of laser foci was introduced that substantially exceeds the inherent mechanical stability of various types of microscopes at room temperature. By using lock-in detection to measure both lasers with a single quadrant photodiode, we enhanced the differential stability of this optical reference frame and thereby stabilized an optical-trapping microscope to 0.2 angstrom laterally over 100 s based on the Allan deviation. In three dimensions, we achieved stabilities of 1 angstrom over 1,000 s and 1 nm over 15 h. This stability was complemented by high measurement bandwidth (100 kHz). Overall, our compact back-scattered detection enables an ultrastable measurement platform compatible with optical traps, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy, including super-resolution techniques. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Walder, Robert; Paik, D. Hern; Bull, Matthew S.; Sauer, Carl; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walder, Robert; Paik, D. Hern; Bull, Matthew S.; Sauer, Carl; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bull, Matthew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu RI Walder, Robert/E-9502-2010 OI Walder, Robert/0000-0002-2904-4539 FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DBI-1353987, Phys-1125844]; NIST FX This work was supported by a fellowship from the National Research Council (R.W.), the National Science Foundation (DBI-1353987, Phys-1125844) and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. TTP is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 29 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 13 BP 16554 EP 16564 DI 10.1364/OE.23.016554 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN6KI UT WOS:000358543300007 PM 26191667 ER PT J AU Lozada-Misa, P Kerr, A Raymundo, L AF Lozada-Misa, Paula Kerr, Alexander Raymundo, Laurie TI Contrasting Lesion Dynamics of White Syndrome among the scleractinian corals Porites spp SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REEF-BUILDING CORAL; DISEASE DYNAMICS; INDO-PACIFIC; ISLANDS; REGENERATION; PLASTICITY; OUTBREAK; GROWTH; DAMAGE; RATES AB White syndrome (WS) is currently the most prevalent disease of scleractinian corals in the Indo-Pacific region, with an ability to exist in both epizootic and enzootic states. Here, we present results of an examination of WS lesion dynamics and show that potentially associated traits of host morphology (i.e., branching vs. massive), lesion size, and tissue deposition rate influence disease severity and recovery. Lesion healing rate was positively correlated with initial lesion size in both morphologies, but the rate at which lesions healed differed between morphologies. New lesions in branching Porites cylindrica appeared less frequently, were smaller and healed more quickly, but were more abundant than in closelyrelated massive Porites sp(p). The positive association between lesion size and healing rate was partly explained by geometry; branching limited lesion maximum size, and larger lesion margins contained more polyps producing new tissue, resulting in faster healing. However, massive colonies deposited tissue more slowly than branching colonies, resulting in slower recovery and more persistent lesions. Corallite size and density did not differ between species and did not, therefore, influence healing rate. We demonstrated multiple modes of pathogen transmission, which may be influenced by the greater potential for pathogen entrainment in branching vs. massive morphologies. We suggest that attributes such as colony morphology and species-specific growth rates require consideration as we expand our understanding of disease dynamics in colonial organisms such as coral. C1 [Lozada-Misa, Paula] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA. [Kerr, Alexander; Raymundo, Laurie] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Raymundo, L (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM ljraymundo@gmail.com FU Global Environment Facility/World Bank Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management, Coral Disease Working Group; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Initiative for Guam [NA05NOS4261188, NA06NOS4260114] FX This work was supported by the Global Environment Facility/World Bank Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management, Coral Disease Working Group (www.gefcoral.org) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Initiative for Guam: Project Numbers NA05NOS4261188 and NA06NOS4260114. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 29 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0129841 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129841 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1BL UT WOS:000358150400026 PM 26120844 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Marchbanks, RD AF Churnside, James H. Marchbanks, Richard D. TI Subsurface plankton layers in the Arctic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oceanographic lidar; plankton layers; marginal ice zone ID CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; THIN-LAYERS; CHUKCHI SEA; LIDAR; AMPLIFICATION; PROFILES; WATERS; ZONES; ICE AB The first synoptic measurements of subsurface plankton layers were made in the western Arctic Ocean in July 2014 using airborne lidar. Layers were detected in open water and in pack ice where up to 90% of the surface was covered by ice. Layers under the ice were less prevalent, weaker, and shallower than those in open water. Layers were more prevalent in the Chukchi Sea than in the Beaufort Sea. Three quarters of the layers observed were thinner than 5m. The presence of these layers, which are not adequately captured in satellite data, will influence primary productivity, secondary productivity, fisheries recruitment, and carbon export to the benthos. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 12 BP 4896 EP 4902 DI 10.1002/2015GL064503 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM9CB UT WOS:000358002500032 ER PT J AU Levine, AFZ McPhaden, MJ AF Levine, Aaron F. Z. McPhaden, Michael J. TI The annual cycle in ENSO growth rate as a cause of the spring predictability barrier SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Spring Predictability Barrier; Growth Rate; Multiplicative Noise ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; COUPLED MODEL; PART II; INSTABILITY; PERSISTENCE; PREDICTION; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION AB The spring predictability barrier increases the uncertainty in ENSO forecasts starting before and during the boreal spring. Recent work has shown that the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is responsible for phase locking of peak ENSO development to the boreal winter, suggesting that this annual cycle may play a role in the spring predictability barrier. To test this hypothesis, the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is added to a damped, noise-driven conceptual recharge oscillator model. When the annual cycle of ENSO growth rate is included, a spring predictability barrier develops, whereas without it ENSO predictability is independent of the forecast start date. When state-dependent noise is included in the simulations in addition to the annual cycle of the growth rate, the spring predictability barrier is enhanced and more realistic. C1 [Levine, Aaron F. Z.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Levine, AFZ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM aaron.levine@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Levine, Aaron/0000-0002-8866-4332 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. OISST is available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oisst/data-access. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This is PMEL contribution 4311. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5034 EP 5041 DI 10.1002/2015GL064309 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM9CB UT WOS:000358002500048 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Nesbitt, DJ AF Chang, Chih-Hsuan Nesbitt, David J. TI Sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy of propargyl radical (H2CCCH) in a slit supersonic expansion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE-STABILIZED RADICALS; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SOOT FORMATION; CH STRETCH; 193 NM AB The acetylenic CH stretch mode (nu(1)) of propargyl (H2CCCH) radical has been studied at sub-Doppler resolution (similar to 60 MHz) via infrared laser absorption spectroscopy in a supersonic slit-jet discharge expansion, where low rotational temperatures (T-rot = 13.5(4) K) and lack of spectral congestion permit improved determination of band origin and rotational constants for the excited state. For the lowest J states primarily populated in the slit jet cooled expansion, fine structure due to the unpaired electron spin is resolved completely, which permits accurate analysis of electron spin-rotation interactions in the vibrationally excited states (epsilon(aa) = -518.1(1.8), epsilon(bb) = -13.0(3), epsilon(cc) = -1.8(3) MHz). In addition, hyperfine broadening in substantial excess of the sub-Doppler experimental linewidths is observed due to nuclear spin-electron spin contributions at the methylenic (-CH2) and acetylenic (-CH) positions, which permits detailed modeling of the fine/hyperfine structure line contours. The results are consistent with a delocalized radical spin density extending over both methylenic and acetylenic C atoms, in excellent agreement with simple resonance structures as well as ab initio theoretical calculations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chang, Chih-Hsuan] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Chang, Chih-Hsuan/0000-0001-9204-8359 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial funds for construction of the slit-jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. CHE1266416 and PHYS1125844). Dr. Chih-Hsuan Chang would like to acknowledge Dr. Melanie A. Roberts for programming assistance in the spectroscopic analysis codes. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 24 AR 244313 DI 10.1063/1.4922931 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CM3WE UT WOS:000357615100035 PM 26133434 ER PT J AU Vogelmann, AM Fridlind, AM Toto, T Endo, S Lin, WY Wang, J Feng, S Zhang, YY Turner, DD Liu, YG Li, ZJ Xie, SC Ackerman, AS Zhang, MH Khairoutdinov, M AF Vogelmann, Andrew M. Fridlind, Ann M. Toto, Tami Endo, Satoshi Lin, Wuyin Wang, Jian Feng, Sha Zhang, Yunyan Turner, David D. Liu, Yangang Li, Zhijin Xie, Shaocheng Ackerman, Andrew S. Zhang, Minghua Khairoutdinov, Marat TI RACORO continental boundary layer cloud investigations: 1. Case study development and ensemble large-scale forcings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE continental boundary layer cloud; observation-based modeling case studies; large-eddy simulation or LES; ensemble large-scale forcing; in situ aerosol size distribution and hygroscopicity; RACORO aircraft observations ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; SGP CENTRAL FACILITY; LIQUID WATER PATH; DIURNAL-CYCLE; ECMWF MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; AEROSOL ACTIVATION AB Observation-based modeling case studies of continental boundary layer clouds have been developed to study cloudy boundary layers, aerosol influences upon them, and their representation in cloud- and global-scale models. Three 60 h case study periods span the temporal evolution of cumulus, stratiform, and drizzling boundary layer cloud systems, representing mixed and transitional states rather than idealized or canonical cases. Based on in situ measurements from the Routine AAF (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility) CLOWD (Clouds with Low Optical Water Depth) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign and remote sensing observations, the cases are designed with a modular configuration to simplify use in large-eddy simulations (LES) and single-column models. Aircraft measurements of aerosol number size distribution are fit to lognormal functions for concise representation in models. Values of the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, , are derived from observations to be similar to 0.10, which are lower than the 0.3 typical over continents and suggestive of a large aerosol organic fraction. Ensemble large-scale forcing data sets are derived from the ARM variational analysis, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and a multiscale data assimilation system. The forcings are assessed through comparison of measured bulk atmospheric and cloud properties to those computed in trial large-eddy simulations, where more efficient run times are enabled through modest reductions in grid resolution and domain size compared to the full-sized LES grid. Simulations capture many of the general features observed, but the state-of-the-art forcings were limited at representing details of cloud onset, and tight gradients and high-resolution transients of importance. Methods for improving the initial conditions and forcings are discussed. The cases developed are available to the general modeling community for studying continental boundary clouds. C1 [Vogelmann, Andrew M.; Toto, Tami; Endo, Satoshi; Lin, Wuyin; Wang, Jian; Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Feng, Sha; Li, Zhijin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Feng, Sha; Li, Zhijin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Yunyan; Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Zhang, Minghua; Khairoutdinov, Marat] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Vogelmann, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vogelmann@bnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Zhang, Yunyan/F-9783-2011; Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; FU U.S. Department of Energy Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program; Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project; Atmospheric System Research Program [SC00112704, DE-SC0006988, DE-SC0006898]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; DOE ARM program; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Data used in this article are from the U.S. Department of Energy SGP ARM Climate Research Facility (available from http://www.archive.arm.gov) and the AAF RACORO Campaign (available from http://www.arm.gov/campaigns/aaf2009racoro#data). We thank the entire RACORO team: the RACORO scientific steering committee, Haf Jonsson for the analysis and processing of the Twin Otter flight data and recalibration of the PCASP, the instrument mentors for their analysis and processing of data, and the DOE ARM Aerial Facility for its coordination of RACORO. We also especially acknowledge Don Collins for guidance using the SMPS data, David Cook provided informative discussions regarding the surface roughness length over the SGP, Krista Gaustad and Laura Riihimaki for special processing of MWRRET data for 8 May, and the Raman lidar mentor team of Chris Martin, John Goldsmith, and Rob Newsom for their efforts in maintaining the Raman lidar. Ozone measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were provided by the NASA/GSFC TOMS Ozone Processing Team (OPT) and obtained via the ARM External Data Center. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program under the following grants/contracts: the Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project (A.M.V., T.T., W.L., S.E., Y.L., S.F., Z.L., M.Z., and M.K.), and the Atmospheric System Research Program via DE-SC00112704 (A.M.V., Y.L., and J.W.), DE-SC0006988 (A.M.F. and A.S.A.), and DE-SC0006898 (D.D.T.). A.M.F. and A.S.A. used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center, and received additional support from the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Work at LLNL was supported by the DOE ARM program and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (Y.Z. and S.X.). NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 5962 EP 5992 DI 10.1002/2014JD022713 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8MX UT WOS:000357956800015 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Kaser, L Karl, T Graus, M Peischl, J Campos, TL Shertz, S Apel, EC Hornbrook, RS Hills, A Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Warneke, C Flocke, FM Ryerson, TB Guenther, AB de Gouw, JA AF Yuan, Bin Kaser, Lisa Karl, Thomas Graus, Martin Peischl, Jeff Campos, Teresa L. Shertz, Steve Apel, Eric C. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Hills, Alan Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Warneke, Carsten Flocke, Frank M. Ryerson, Thomas B. Guenther, Alex B. de Gouw, Joost A. TI Airborne flux measurements of methane and volatile organic compounds over the Haynesville and Marcellus shale gas production regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE airborne flux measurements; eddy covariance; methane; shale gas ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; UINTAH BASIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOS-ANGELES; EMISSIONS; OIL; OZONE; OPERATIONS; COLORADO AB Emissions of methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas production may have large impacts on air quality and climate change. Methane and VOCs were measured over the Haynesville and Marcellus shale gas plays on board the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 and NOAA WP-3D research aircraft in June-July of 2013. We used an eddy covariance technique to measure in situ fluxes of CH4 and benzene from both C-130 flights with high-resolution data (10Hz) and WP-3D flights with low-resolution data (1Hz). Correlation (R=0.65) between CH4 and benzene fluxes was observed when flying over shale gas operations, and the enhancement ratio of fluxes was consistent with the corresponding concentration observations. Fluxes calculated by the eddy covariance method show agreement with a mass balance approach within their combined uncertainties. In general, CH4 fluxes in the shale gas regions follow a lognormal distribution, with some deviations for relatively large fluxes (>10 mu gm(-2)s(-1)). Statistical analysis of the fluxes shows that a small number of facilities (i.e., similar to 10%) are responsible for up to similar to 40% of the total CH4 emissions in the two regions. We show that the airborne eddy covariance method can also be applied in some circumstances when meteorological conditions do not favor application of the mass balance method. We suggest that the airborne eddy covariance method is a reliable alternative and complementary analysis method to estimate emissions from oil and gas extraction. C1 [Yuan, Bin; Graus, Martin; Peischl, Jeff; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; Ryerson, Thomas B.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yuan, Bin; Graus, Martin; Peischl, Jeff; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaser, Lisa; Campos, Teresa L.; Shertz, Steve; Apel, Eric C.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Hills, Alan; Flocke, Frank M.; Guenther, Alex B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Karl, Thomas; Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Guenther, Alex B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yuan, B (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bin.yuan@noaa.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; U.S. National Science Foundation; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at PNNL; EC Seventh Framework Program (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR") [334084]; National Science Foundation; Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program FX This work is partially funded by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycles, and Climate Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. A.B.G. was partially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at PNNL. T.K. was supported by the EC Seventh Framework Program (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR", grant 334084). NCAR C-130 data during NOMADSS are provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu). NOAA WP-3D data during SENEX are available at http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2013senex. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 62 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 12 BP 6271 EP 6289 DI 10.1002/2015JD023242 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8MX UT WOS:000357956800030 ER PT J AU Galloway, AWE Brett, MT Holtgrieve, GW Ward, EJ Ballantyne, AP Burns, CW Kainz, MJ Muller-Navarra, DC Persson, J Ravet, JL Strandberg, U Taipale, SJ Alhgren, G AF Galloway, Aaron W. E. Brett, Michael T. Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Ward, Eric J. Ballantyne, Ashley P. Burns, Carolyn W. Kainz, Martin J. Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. Persson, Jonas Ravet, Joseph L. Strandberg, Ursula Taipale, Sami J. Alhgren, Gunnel TI A Fatty Acid Based Bayesian Approach for Inferring Diet in Aquatic Consumers SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE MIXING MODELS; FOOD-WEB MODELS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; HERBIVOROUS ZOOPLANKTON; LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON; PRIOR INFORMATION; TROPHIC POSITION; DELTA-N-15; DAPHNIA AB We modified the stable isotope mixing model MixSIR to infer primary producer contributions to consumer diets based on their fatty acid composition. To parameterize the algorithm, we generated a 'consumer-resource library' of FA signatures of Daphnia fed different algal diets, using 34 feeding trials representing diverse phytoplankton lineages. This library corresponds to the resource or producer file in classic Bayesian mixing models such as MixSIR or SIAR. Because this library is based on the FA profiles of zooplankton consuming known diets, and not the FA profiles of algae directly, trophic modification of consumer lipids is directly accounted for. To test the model, we simulated hypothetical Daphnia comprised of 80% diatoms, 10% green algae, and 10% cryptophytes and compared the FA signatures of these known pseudo-mixtures to outputs generated by the mixing model. The algorithm inferred these simulated consumers were comprised of 82% (63-92%) [median (2.5th to 97.5th percentile credible interval)] diatoms, 11% (4-22%) green algae, and 6% (0-25%) cryptophytes. We used the same model with published phytoplankton stable isotope (SI) data for delta C-13 and delta N-15 to examine how a SI based approach resolved a similar scenario. With SI, the algorithm inferred that the simulated consumer assimilated 52% (4-91%) diatoms, 23% (1-78%) green algae, and 18% (1-73%) cyanobacteria. The accuracy and precision of SI based estimates was extremely sensitive to both resource and consumer uncertainty, as well as the trophic fractionation assumption. These results indicate that when using only two tracers with substantial uncertainty for the putative resources, as is often the case in this class of analyses, the underdetermined constraint in consumer-resource SI analyses may be intractable. The FA based approach alleviated the underdetermined constraint because many more FA biomarkers were utilized (n < 20), different primary producers (e.g., diatoms, green algae, and cryptophytes) have very characteristic FA compositions, and the FA profiles of many aquatic primary consumers are strongly influenced by their diets. C1 [Galloway, Aaron W. E.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Brett, Michael T.; Ravet, Joseph L.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holtgrieve, Gordon W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ballantyne, Ashley P.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Burns, Carolyn W.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Kainz, Martin J.] WasserCluster Biol Stn Lunz, A-3293 Lunz Am See, Austria. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C.] Univ Hamburg, Aquat Ecol, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany. [Persson, Jonas] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Integrated Water Resources Management, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Strandberg, Ursula] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu 80101, Finland. [Taipale, Sami J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla 40014, Finland. [Alhgren, Gunnel] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Limnol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Galloway, AWE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. EM aaron.galloway@gmail.com; mtbrett@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [0925718, 0742559] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants 0925718 and 0742559 to AWEG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 49 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 26 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0129723 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0129723 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN1AM UT WOS:000358147500037 PM 26114945 ER PT J AU Sanz, A Wong, HC Nedoma, AJ Douglas, JF Cabral, JT AF Sanz, Alejandro Wong, Him Cheng Nedoma, Alisyn J. Douglas, Jack F. Cabral, Joao T. TI Influence of C-60 fullerenes on the glass formation of polystyrene SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Fullerenes; Polystyrene; Nanocomposites ID TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; MIXTURES; DYNAMICS; FRAGILITY; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; SIZE AB We investigate the impact of fullerene CH on the thermal properties and glass formation of polystyrene (PS) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric spectroscopy (DS), for CH concentrations up to 30% mass fraction. The miscibility and dispersibility thresholds of PS/C-60 nanocomposites are first estimated by a combination of microscopy, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments, and these thresholds were found to be similar or equal to 1 mass% and similar or equal to 4 mass% C-60, respectively. The addition of C-60 increases the glass-transition temperature (T-g) of rapidly precipitated PS composites, up to a 'threshold' C-60 concentration (similar or equal to 4 wt%, in agreement with the dispersibility estimate). Beyond this concentration, the T-g reverts gradually towards the neat PS value. We present a comprehensive study for composites based on PS of molecular mass 270 kg/mol, and demonstrate the generality of the impact of CH on T-g for PS matrices of 2 and 20 kg/mol. Thermal annealing or slowly evaporated composites largely reverse these effects, as the dispersion quality decreases. The dynamic fragility m of the composite is found to increase in the presence of C-60, but the scaling of m with T-g for PS is retained. Similarly, physical ageing experiments show a reduction of relaxation enthalpy in the glass regime, which is largely accounted for by the increase of T-g with C-60. The slowing down of the PS alpha-relaxation with C-60 contrasts with the local 'softening' indicated by former Debye-Waller measurements and increase in fragility m. This effect is opposite to that of antiplasticizer additives, which both stiffen the material in the glassy state and reduce T-g, and simulations suggest this could be due to an increase in packing frustration. Finally, we review observations on the effect of nanoparticles on the T-g of PS and discuss the non-universal nature of T-g shifts by various types of nanoparticles. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sanz, Alejandro; Wong, Him Cheng; Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.cabral@imperial.ac.uk RI Wong, Him Cheng/B-5172-2015; OI Wong, Him Cheng/0000-0002-1321-7853; Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846; Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X FU Royal Society (UK); EPSRC [EP/D058414/1]; Spanish Ministry of Science (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia); British Council; British High Commission Singapore FX We acknowledge the Royal Society (UK) and EPSRC (EP/D058414/1) for financial support and the Spanish Ministry of Science (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia) for a postdoctoral fellowship (AS), and the British Council and the British High Commission Singapore for a Collaborative Development Award 2014-2015. We are grateful to ISIS neutron pulsed source for beamtime and experimental support. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 26 PY 2015 VL 68 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.001 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CM5BN UT WOS:000357701900007 ER PT J AU Montoya, C Valencia, J Geraci, AA Eardley, M Moreland, J Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Montoya, Cris Valencia, Jose Geraci, Andrew A. Eardley, Matthew Moreland, John Hollberg, Leo Kitching, John TI Resonant interaction of trapped cold atoms with a magnetic cantilever tip SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; MECHANICAL RESONATOR; OPTICAL LATTICES; SPIN; OSCILLATOR; COHERENT; GASES; PHYSICS; ARRAYS; CAVITY AB Magnetic resonance in an ensemble of laser-cooled trapped Rb atoms is excited using a microcantilever with a magnetic tip. The cantilever is mounted on a multilayer chip designed to capture, cool, and magnetically transport cold atoms. The coupling is observed by measuring the loss from a magnetic trap as the oscillating cantilever induces Zeeman-state transitions in the atoms. Interfacing cold atoms with mechanical devices could enable probing and manipulating atomic spins with nanometer spatial resolution and single-spin sensitivity, leading to new capabilities in quantum computation, quantum simulation, and precision sensing. C1 [Montoya, Cris; Valencia, Jose; Geraci, Andrew A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Eardley, Matthew; Moreland, John; Hollberg, Leo; Kitching, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Montoya, C (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ageraci@unr.edu FU DARPA; [NSF-PHY 1205994] FX The authors thank Y.-J. Wang for experimental assistance during the early stages of this work. We thank P. Treutlein, and J. Weinstein for useful discussions. This work was supported in its early stages by DARPA. A.G. is supported in part by Grant No. NSF-PHY 1205994. This work is a partial contribution of NIST and is therefore not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 26 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 063835 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.063835 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CL4LT UT WOS:000356925000007 ER PT J AU Ludlow, AD Boyd, MM Ye, J Peik, E Schmidt, PO AF Ludlow, Andrew D. Boyd, Martin M. Ye, Jun Peik, E. Schmidt, P. O. TI Optical atomic clocks SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE-FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; LASER FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; SINGLE TRAPPED ION; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; SR LATTICE CLOCK; HIGH-STABILITY; FEMTOSECOND LASER AB Optical atomic clocks represent the state of the art in the frontier of modern measurement science. In this article a detailed review on the development of optical atomic clocks that are based on trapped single ions and many neutral atoms is provided. Important technical ingredients for optical clocks are discussed and measurement precision and systematic uncertainty associated with some of the best clocks to date are presented. An outlook on the exciting prospect for clock applications is given in conclusion. C1 [Ludlow, Andrew D.; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ludlow, Andrew D.; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ludlow, Andrew D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boyd, Martin M.] AOSense, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Peik, E.; Schmidt, P. O.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Schmidt, P. O.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; Peik, Ekkehard/0000-0001-6309-2975 FU NIST; Physics Frontier Center of NSF at JILA; DARPA; NASA; DFG through the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); ESA; European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) [SIB04]; EMRP participating countries within EURAMET; European Union FX We are grateful to David Wineland for his suggestions and contributions to the introduction of this review. We are indebted to many of our co-workers who have made critical contributions to the work done at JILA, NIST, and PTB over many years. A large portion of this review is based on their work. The research at JILA and NIST is supported by NIST, and the Physics Frontier Center of NSF at JILA, DARPA, and NASA. The work at PTB is supported by the DFG through the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), ESA, and by the European Metrology Research Program (EMRP) in Project No. SIB04. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. We thank Christian Tamm, Nils Huntemann, Ian Leroux, Heiner Denker, Tanja Mehlstaubler, Xibo Zhang, Kyle Beloy, and C.W. Chou for a critical reading of the manuscript. NR 597 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 34 U2 142 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JUN 26 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 2 BP 637 EP 701 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.87.637 PG 65 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CL4OB UT WOS:000356931300001 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM Neely, MG McGeorge, LE Balmer, BC Ylitalo, GM Zolman, ES Speakman, T Sinclair, C Kellar, NM Rosel, PE Mullin, KD Schwacke, LH AF Van Dolah, Frances M. Neely, Marion G. McGeorge, Lauren E. Balmer, Brian C. Ylitalo, Gina M. Zolman, Eric S. Speakman, Todd Sinclair, Carrie Kellar, Nicholas M. Rosel, Patricia E. Mullin, Keith D. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Seasonal Variation in the Skin Transcriptome of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BLUBBER; EPIDERMIS; KERATINOCYTES; MICROARRAYS; RECEPTOR; ENZYMES; BIOPSY; GROWTH AB As long-lived predators that integrate exposures across multiple trophic levels, cetaceans are recognized as sentinels for the health of marine ecosystems. Their utility as sentinels requires the establishment of baseline health parameters. Because cetaceans are protected, measurements obtained with minimal disruption to free ranging animals are highly desirable. In this study we investigated the utility of skin gene expression profiling to monitor health and contaminant exposure in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Remote integument biopsies were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico prior to the Deep-water Horizon oil spill (May 2010) and during summer and winter for two years following oil contamination (2010-2011). A bottlenose dolphin microarray was used to characterize the skin transcriptomes of 94 individuals from three populations: Barataria Bay, Louisiana, Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana, and Mississippi Sound, Mississippi/Alabama. Skin transcriptomes did not differ significantly between populations. In contrast, season had a profound effect on gene expression, with nearly one-third of all genes on the array differing in expression between winter and the warmer seasons (moderated T-test; p<0.01, fold-change >= 1.5). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber changed concurrently, reaching > two-fold higher concentrations in summer compared to winter, due to a seasonal decrease in blubber thickness and loss of stored lipid. However, global gene expression did not correlate strongly with seasonally changing contaminant concentrations, most likely because the refractory, lipid-stored metabolites are not substrates for phase I or II xenobiotic detoxification pathways. Rather, processes related to cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation dominated the differences in expression in winter and the warmer seasons. More subtle differences were seen between spring and summer (1.5% of genes differentially expressed). However, two presumed oil-exposed animals from spring presented gene expression profiles more similar to the summer animals (presumed exposed) than to other spring animals. Seasonal effects have not previously been considered in studies assessing gene expression in cetaceans, but clearly must be taken into account when applying transcriptomic analyses to investigate their contaminant exposure or health status. C1 [Van Dolah, Frances M.; Neely, Marion G.; McGeorge, Lauren E.; Balmer, Brian C.; Zolman, Eric S.; Speakman, Todd; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sinclair, Carrie; Mullin, Keith D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MI USA. [Kellar, Nicholas M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov FU Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment FX This work was funded as part of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment, conducted cooperatively by NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and British Petroleum. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 25 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0130934 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0130934 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL4OY UT WOS:000356933800099 PM 26110790 ER PT J AU Schill, SR Collins, DB Lee, C Morris, HS Novak, GA Prather, KA Quinn, PK Sultana, CM Tivanski, AV Zimmermann, K Cappa, CD Bertram, TH AF Schill, Steven R. Collins, Douglas B. Lee, Christopher Morris, Holly S. Novak, Gordon A. Prather, Kimberly A. Quinn, Patricia K. Sultana, Camille M. Tivanski, Alexei V. Zimmermann, Kathryn Cappa, Christopher D. Bertram, Timothy H. TI The Impact of Aerosol Particle Mixing State on the Hygroscopicity of Sea Spray Aerosol SO ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE-RESOLVED CCN; MARINE AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACTIVATION KINETICS; ORGANIC AEROSOL; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENT; NUMBER; AIR AB Aerosol particles influence global climate by determining cloud droplet number concentrations, brightness, and lifetime. Primary aerosol particles, such as those produced from breaking waves in the ocean, display large particle-particle variability in chemical composition, morphology, and physical phase state, all of which affect the ability of individual particles to accommodate water and grow into cloud droplets. Despite such diversity in molecular composition, there is a paucity of methods available to assess how particle-particle variability in chemistry translates to corresponding differences in aerosol hygroscopicity. Here, an approach has been developed that allows for characterization of the distribution of aerosol hygroscopicity within a chemically complex population of atmospheric particles. This methodology, when applied to the interpretation of nascent sea spray aerosol, provides a quantitative framework for connecting results obtained using molecular mimics generated in the laboratory with chemically complex ambient aerosol. We show that nascent sea spray aerosol, generated in situ in the Atlantic Ocean, displays a broad distribution of particle hygroscopicities, indicative of a correspondingly broad distribution of particle chemical compositions. Molecular mimics of sea spray aerosol organic material were used in the laboratory to assess the volume fractions and molecular functionality required to suppress sea spray aerosol hygroscopicity to the extent indicated by field observations. We show that proper accounting for the distribution and diversity in particle hygroscopicity and composition are important to the assessment of particle impacts on clouds and global climate. C1 [Schill, Steven R.; Collins, Douglas B.; Lee, Christopher; Prather, Kimberly A.; Sultana, Camille M.; Zimmermann, Kathryn] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Morris, Holly S.; Tivanski, Alexei V.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Novak, Gordon A.; Bertram, Timothy H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prather, Kimberly A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bertram, TH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tbertram@chem.wisc.edu RI Collins, Douglas/B-2788-2015; Soproniyk, Olga/B-5103-2017 OI Collins, Douglas/0000-0002-6248-9644; Soproniyk, Olga/0000-0002-2873-5231 NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2374-7943 EI 2374-7951 J9 ACS CENTRAL SCI JI ACS Central Sci. PD JUN 24 PY 2015 VL 1 IS 3 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00174 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX8QB UT WOS:000365967600008 PM 27162963 ER PT J AU Kitchen, B Awartani, O Kline, RJ McAfee, T Ade, H O'Connor, BT AF Kitchen, Brent Awartani, Omar Kline, R. Joseph McAfee, Terry Ade, Harald O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Tuning Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Solar Cells with Molecular Orientation SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solar cells; organic electronics; open-circuit voltage; molecular orientation ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; HETEROJUNCTION INTERFACES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; POLYMER; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); PERFORMANCE; BILAYER; ESTER; FILMS AB The role of molecular orientation of a polar conjugated polymer in polymer-fullerene organic photovoltaic, (OPV) cells is investigated. A planar heterojunction (PHJ) OPV cell composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61=butyric add methyl ester (PCBM) is used as a model system to isolate the effect of the interfacial orientation on: the photovoltaic properties The Molecular orientation of the aggregate p3HT relative to the PCBM layer is varied from highly edge-on (conjugated ring plane perpendicular to the interface plane) to appreciably face-on (ring plane parallel to the interface): It is found that as the P3HT Stacking becomes more face-on there is a positive correlation to the OPV open-circuit voltage (V-OC), attributed to a shift in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of P3HT. In addition, the PHJ OPV cell with a broad P3HT stacking orientation distribution has a V-OC comparable to an archetypal bulk hetetojunction (BHJ) device. These results suggest that, in the BHJ OPV cell, the hole energy level in the charge transfer state is defined in part by the orientation distribution of the P3HT at the interface with PCBM. Finally, the photoresponses of the devices are also shown to have a dependence on P3HT stacking orientation. C1 [Kitchen, Brent; Awartani, Omar; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McAfee, Terry; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp Engn, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; McAfee, Terry/J-6460-2014 OI McAfee, Terry/0000-0003-3970-2846 FU National Science Foundation [1200340]; North Carolina Space Grant [2011-1863]; DOE, OS, BES, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737] FX This research work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Award 1200340) and North Carolina Space Grant (Award 2011-1863). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. We thank Michael F. Toney for assistance with the X-ray diffraction measurements. AFM characterization by T.M. and HA. and contributions to the manuscript were supported by DOE, OS, BES, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 24 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 24 BP 13208 EP 13216 DI 10.1021/am508855s PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL6FO UT WOS:000357063200013 PM 26027430 ER PT J AU Nguyen, MA Bedford, NM Ren, Y Zahran, EM Goodin, RC Chagani, FF Bachas, LG Knecht, MR AF Nguyen, Michelle A. Bedford, Nicholas M. Ren, Yang Zahran, Elsayed M. Goodin, Robert C. Chagani, Fatima F. Bachas, Leonidas G. Knecht, Marc R. TI Direct Synthetic Control over the Size, Composition, and Photocatalytic Activity of Octahedral Copper Oxide Materials: Correlation Between Surface Structure and Catalytic Functionality SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Cu2O; octahedra; size control; photodegradation; compositional effects ID VISIBLE-LIGHT; H-2 PRODUCTION; METHYL-ORANGE; CU2O NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; FACILE SYNTHESIS; SHAPE EVOLUTION; ION BATTERIES; TIO2; MORPHOLOGY AB We report a synthetic approach to form. octahedral Cu2O microcrystals with a tunable edge length and demonstrate their use as catalysts for the photodegradation of aromatic organic compounds. In this particular study, the effects of the Cu2+ and reductant concentrations and stoichiometric ratios were carefully examined to identify their roles in controlling the final material composition and size under sustainable reaction conditions. Varying the ratio and concentrations of Cu2+ and reductant added during the synthesis determined the final: morphology and composition of the structures. Octahedral particles were prepared at selected Cu2+:glucose ratios that demonstrated a range of photocatalytic reactivity. The results indicate that material composition, surface area, and substrate charge effects play important roles in controlling the overall reaction rate. In addition, analysis of the post-reacted materials revealed photocorrosion was inhibited and that surface etching had preferentially occurred at the particle edges during the reaction, suggesting that the reaction predominately occurred at these interfaces. Such results advance the Understanding of how size and. composition affect the surface interface and catalytic functionality of materials. C1 [Nguyen, Michelle A.; Zahran, Elsayed M.; Chagani, Fatima F.; Bachas, Leonidas G.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Goodin, Robert C.] Westminster Christian Sch, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM knecht@miami.edu OI Bachas, Leonidas/0000-0002-3308-6264; Zahran, Elsayed/0000-0003-3456-515X FU University of Miami; Science Made Sensible program; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We would like to thank the University of Miami for financial support of this research. M.A.N. acknowledges fellowships from the Science Made Sensible program and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 24 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 24 BP 13238 EP 13250 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b04282 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL6FO UT WOS:000357063200016 PM 26010080 ER PT J AU Cook, S Rosenband, T Leibrandt, DR AF Cook, Shon Rosenband, Till Leibrandt, David R. TI Laser-Frequency Stabilization Based on Steady-State Spectral-Hole Burning in Eu3+: Y2SiO5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CLOCKS; ATOMIC CLOCKS; TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; RELATIVITY; PHASE; NOISE AB We present and analyze a method of laser-frequency stabilization via steady-state patterns of spectral holes in Eu3+:Y2SiO5. Three regions of spectral holes are created, spaced in frequency by the ground-state hyperfine splittings of Eu-151(3+). The absorption pattern is shown not to degrade after days of laser-frequency stabilization. An optical frequency comparison of a laser locked to such a steady-state spectral-hole pattern with an independent cavity-stabilized laser and a Yb optical lattice clock demonstrates a spectral-hole fractional frequency instability of 1.0 x 10(-15)tau(-1/2) that averages to 8.5(-1.8)(-4.8) x 10(-17) at tau = 73 s. Residual amplitude modulation at the frequency of the rf drive applied to the fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator is reduced to less than 1 x 10(-6) fractional amplitudemodulation at tau > 1 s by an active servo. The contribution of residual amplitude modulation to the laser-frequency instability is further reduced by digital division of the transmission and incident photodetector signals to less than 1 x 10(-16) at tau > 1 s. C1 [Cook, Shon; Rosenband, Till; Leibrandt, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cook, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shon.cook@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX We thank J. Bergquist, R. Fox, and D. Wineland for useful discussions. Special thanks go to T. Fortier and S. Diddams for operation of the frequency comb used in the three-cornered hat measurement, and to the NIST Yb optical lattice clock team. This Letter is a contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright. This work is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 25 AR 253902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.253902 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CL0XU UT WOS:000356667200006 PM 26197127 ER PT J AU D'Incao, JP Anis, F Esry, BD AF D'Incao, J. P. Anis, Fatima Esry, B. D. TI Ultracold three-body recombination in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL FERMI GAS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; SCATTERING LENGTH; IDENTICAL BOSONS; ATOMS; RANGE AB We study three-body recombination in two dimensions for systems interacting via short-range two-body interactions in the regime of large scattering lengths. Using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation, we derive semianalytical formulas for three-body recombination in both weakly and deeply bound diatom states. Our results demonstrate the importance of long-range corrections to the three-body potentials by showing how they alter the low-energy and scattering-length dependence of the recombination rate for both bosonic and fermionic systems, which exhibit suppressed recombination if compared to the three-dimensional case. We verify these results through numerical calculations of recombination for systems with finite-range interactions and supporting a few two-body bound states. We also study finite-range effects for the energies of the universal three-identical-bosons states and find a slow approach to universal predictions as a function of the scattering length. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.; Anis, Fatima; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU AFOSR (USA) through the Ultracold Polar Molecule MURI; National Science Foundation (USA) FX This work was supported by AFOSR (USA) through the Ultracold Polar Molecule MURI. JPD also acknowledges partial support from National Science Foundation (USA) in the later stages of this work NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 23 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 062710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.062710 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CL0TT UT WOS:000356656700003 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Opresko, DM AF Wagner, Daniel Opresko, Dennis M. TI Description of a new species of Leiopathes (Antipatharia: Leiopathidae) from the Hawaiian Islands SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anthozoa; black coral; biogeography; cold-water coral; deep-sea; Leiopathes annosa sp nov. ID DEEP-WATER ANTIPATHARIANS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA CORALS; BIODIVERSITY; SEAMOUNTS; HABITAT; BIOLOGY; SITES; OCEAN; BANK AB The Hawaiian antipatharian coral previously identified as Leiopathes glaberrima (Esper, 1792) and Leiopathes sp. is described using polyp morphology, skeletal spine morphology and in situ photographs, and assigned the new name of Leiopathes annosa sp. nov. The species is characterized by tall (1 m or more), fan-shaped colonies, with thick, sometimes overlapping branches, and tissues that are colored bright orange when alive. Skeletal spines are smooth, hemispherical, often times multi-lobed, and typically 75 mu m tall, but range between 30-225 mu m. Polyps are of variable size (0.88-3.35 mm) and arranged on all sides of the corallum on thicker branches, and uniserially on terminal branches. Leiopathes annosa sp. nov differs from all other nominal species of Leiopathes by having a generally flabellate corallum with thick branches and conspicuous skeletal spines that are multi-lobed and hemispherical. The biogeographical distribution of species within the monogeneric family Leiopathidae is presented and discussed. C1 [Wagner, Daniel] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Opresko, Dennis M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Daniel.Wagner@noaa.gov; dmopresko@hotmail.com FU NOAA's Deep-Sea Coral Research and Technology Program; NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries through the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument FX Special thanks to Chris Kelley for collecting the holotype of L. annosa sp. nov., and to Mercer Brugler and two anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Stephen Cairns, Cheryl Bright, Geoff Keel and Bill Moser for help in accessing material at the USNM, and Holly Bolick for facilitating work with the BPBM collections. Additional thanks to Scott Whittacker and Tina Carvalho for providing assistance in performing the SEM analyses, to Chris Kelley and Deetsie Chave for extracting records from the HURL archives, and to Dan Luck for help in compiling the biogeographic records. This work was funded in part by NOAA's Deep-Sea Coral Research and Technology Program and by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries through the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 22 PY 2015 VL 3974 IS 2 BP 277 EP 289 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CL2ZO UT WOS:000356817800011 PM 26249904 ER PT J AU Hu, A Maska, MM Clark, CW Freericks, JK AF Hu, Anzi Maska, M. M. Clark, Charles W. Freericks, J. K. TI Robust finite-temperature disordered Mott-insulating phases in inhomogeneous Fermi-Fermi mixtures with density and mass imbalance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; GAS; SEGREGATION; SEPARATION; FERROMAGNETISM; FIELD AB Ultracold mixtures of different atomic species have great promise for realizing novel many-body phenomena. In a binary mixture of fermions with a large mass difference and repulsive interspecies interactions, a disordered Mott-insulator phase can occur. This phase displays an incompressible total density, although the relative density remains compressible. We use strong-coupling and Monte Carlo calculations to show that this phase exists for a broad parameter region for ultracold gases confined in a harmonic trap on a three-dimensional optical lattice, for experimentally accessible values of the trap parameters. C1 [Hu, Anzi; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Anzi; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Anzi] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Maska, M. M.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Hu, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165; Maska, Maciej/0000-0003-2214-3283 FU MURI grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9559-09-1-0617]; Polish National Science Center (NCN) [DEC-2013/11/B/ST3/00824]; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontier Center Grant [PHY-0822671] FX J.K.F. was supported by a MURI grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9559-09-1-0617) and by the McDevitt bequest at Georgetown University. M.M.M. acknowledges support by the Polish National Science Center (NCN) under Grant No. DEC-2013/11/B/ST3/00824. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 22 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 063624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.063624 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CK9SF UT WOS:000356579100006 ER PT J AU Valdivia, PN Kim, MG Forrest, TR Xu, ZJ Wang, M Wu, H Harringer, LW Bourret-Courchesne, ED Birgeneau, RJ AF Valdivia, Patrick N. Kim, Min Gyu Forrest, Thomas R. Xu, Zhijun Wang, Meng Wu, Hui Harringer, Leland W. Bourret-Courchesne, Edith D. Birgeneau, Robert J. TI Copper-substituted iron telluride: A phase diagram SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND STRUCTURE; SPIN-GLASS; CUFETE2; STATE; SYSTEMS; TRANSITIONS; EVOLUTION; ORDER AB We have studied the structure, magnetic, and transport properties of copper-substituted iron telluride. Our results extend the range of copper substitution to 60% substitution per formula unit, which is far beyond previously stated solubility limits. Substitution of copper into antiferromagnetic iron telluride is found to suppress the signatures of the low-temperature transitions in susceptibility and resistance measurements, giving rise to an insulating, spin-glass state. Upon increasing the copper substitution from 4% to 6%, short-range antiferromagnetic order appears followed by the combined magnetic and structural transition at a lower temperature, although the magnetic order is ultimately not resolution limited with a correlation length of 250 angstrom in the 6% Cu-substituted sample, in contrast to the magnetic order of the 4% copper-substituted sample, which is resolution limited. Upon warming the 6% Cu-substituted sample in the presence of a 5 T magnetic field oriented along the b axis, magnetic and structural phase transitions are observed at a temperature much lower than those of the magnetic and structural transitions which occur in zero field. Furthermore, these transitions are absent upon cooling in this field. We discuss the field results in the most general terms possible, including possible random field effects. C1 [Valdivia, Patrick N.; Birgeneau, Robert J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Min Gyu; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith D.; Birgeneau, Robert J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Forrest, Thomas R.; Xu, Zhijun; Wang, Meng; Birgeneau, Robert J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Hui; Harringer, Leland W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Valdivia, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE Grant [DE-AC03-76SF008] FX We are grateful to Dung Hai Lee, James Analytis, and Toni Helm for stimulating discussions, and to Daniel Lee, James Wu, and Tim Teague for experimental support. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-AC03-76SF008. Certain commercial equipment are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 22 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 22 AR 224424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.224424 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CK9SR UT WOS:000356580300003 ER PT J AU Hanakata, PZ Betancourt, BAP Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Hanakata, Paul Z. Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI A unifying framework to quantify the effects of substrate interactions, stiffness, and roughness on the dynamics of thin supported polymer films SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MEYER-NELDEL RULE; COOPERATIVE MOTION; POLYSTYRENE FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FORMING LIQUIDS; SELF-DIFFUSION; REACTION-RATES; VISCOUS-FLOW; PURE LIQUIDS AB Changes in the dynamics of supported polymer films in comparison to bulk materials involve a complex convolution of effects, such as substrate interactions, roughness, and compliance, in addition to film thickness. We consider molecular dynamics simulations of substrate-supported, coarse-grained polymer films where these parameters are tuned separately to determine how each of these variables influence the molecular dynamics of thin polymer films. We find that all these variables significantly influence the film dynamics, leading to a seemingly intractable degree of complexity in describing these changes. However, by considering how these constraining variables influence string-like collective motion within the film, we show that all our observations can be understood in a unified and quantitative way. More specifically, the string model for glass-forming liquids implies that the changes in the structural relaxation of these films are governed by the changes in the average length of string-like cooperative motions and this model is confirmed under all conditions considered in our simulations. Ultimately, these changes are parameterized in terms of just the activation enthalpy and entropy for molecular organization, which have predictable dependences on substrate properties and film thickness, offering a promising approach for the rational design of film properties. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hanakata, Paul Z.; Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanakata, PZ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 NR 115 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 23 AR 234907 DI 10.1063/1.4922481 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CL0HU UT WOS:000356623000037 PM 26093579 ER PT J AU Reilly, NJ Changala, PB Baraban, JH Kokkin, DL Stanton, JF McCarthy, MC AF Reilly, Neil J. Changala, P. Bryan Baraban, Joshua H. Kokkin, Damian L. Stanton, John F. McCarthy, Michael C. TI Communication: The ground electronic state of Si2C: Rovibrational level structure, quantum monodromy, and astrophysical implications SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; JET-COOLED SIC2; SILICON-CARBIDE; CARBON STARS; DISILICON CARBIDE; VIOLET OPACITY; LINE SURVEY; SPECTRUM; IRC+10216 AB We report the gas-phase optical detection of Si2C near 390 nm and the first experimental investigation of the rovibrational structure of its (1)A(1) ground electronic state using mass-resolved and fluorescence spectroscopy and variational calculations performed on a high-level ab initio potential. From this joint study, it is possible to assign all observed K-a = 1 vibrational levels up to 3800 cm(-1) with confidence, as well as a number of levels in the K-a = 0, 2, and 3 manifolds. Dixon-dip plots for the bending coordinate (nu(2)) allow an experimental determination of a barrier to linearity of 783(48) cm(-1) (2 sigma), in good agreement with theory (802(9) cm(-1)). The calculated (K-a, nu(2)) eigenvalue lattice shows an archetypal example of quantum monodromy (absence of a globally valid set of quantum numbers) that is reflected by the experimentally observed rovibrational levels. The present study provides a solid foundation for infrared and optical surveys of Si2C in astronomical objects, particularly in the photosphere of N- and J-type carbon stars where the isovalent SiC2 molecule is known to be abundant. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Reilly, Neil J.; Kokkin, Damian L.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baraban, Joshua H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Reilly, NJ (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. FU NASA [NNX13AE59G]; NSF [DGE1144083]; Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas [F-1283]; US National Science Foundation [CHE-1361031] FX The work in Cambridge is supported by NASA Grant No. NNX13AE59G. P.B.C. is supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (Award No. DGE1144083). J.F.S. would like to thank the Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas (Grant No. F-1283) and the US National Science Foundation (Grant No. CHE-1361031). NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 23 AR 231101 DI 10.1063/1.4922651 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CL0HU UT WOS:000356623000001 PM 26093543 ER PT J AU Alem, O Sander, TH Mhaskar, R LeBlanc, J Eswaran, H Steinhoff, U Okada, Y Kitching, J Trahms, L Knappe, S AF Alem, Orang Sander, Tilmann H. Mhaskar, Rahul LeBlanc, John Eswaran, Hari Steinhoff, Uwe Okada, Yoshio Kitching, John Trahms, Lutz Knappe, Svenja TI Fetal magnetocardiography measurements with an array of microfabricated optically pumped magnetometers SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic magnetometer; biomagnetism; fetal magnetocardiography; orthogonal projection; independent component analysis; microfabricated ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; CLINICAL-APPLICATION; QRS DETECTION; VAPOR CELLS; SYSTEM; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; COMPACT; MCG AB Following the rapid progress in the development of optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) technology for the measurement of magnetic fields in the femtotesla range, a successful assembly of individual sensors into an array of nearly identical sensors is within reach. Here, 25 microfabricated OPMs with footprints of 1 cm(3) were assembled into a conformal array. The individual sensors were inserted into three flexible belt-shaped holders and connected to their respective light sources and electronics, which reside outside a magnetically shielded room, through long optical and electrical cables. With this setup the fetal magnetocardiogram of a pregnant woman was measured by placing two sensor belts over her abdomen and one belt over her chest. The fetal magnetocardiogram recorded over the abdomen is usually dominated by contributions from the maternal magnetocardiogram, since the maternal heart generates a much stronger signal than the fetal heart. Therefore, signal processing methods have to be applied to obtain the pure fetal magnetocardiogram: orthogonal projection and independent component analysis. The resulting spatial distributions of fetal cardiac activity are in good agreement with each other. In a further exemplary step, the fetal heart rate was extracted from the fetal magnetocardiogram. Its variability suggests fetal activity. We conclude that microfabricated optically pumped magnetometers operating at room temperature are capable of complementing or in the future even replacing superconducting sensors for fetal magnetocardiography measurements. C1 [Alem, Orang; Mhaskar, Rahul; Kitching, John; Knappe, Svenja] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alem, Orang; Mhaskar, Rahul; Knappe, Svenja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sander, Tilmann H.; Steinhoff, Uwe; Trahms, Lutz] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [LeBlanc, John] Charles S Draper Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Eswaran, Hari] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Okada, Yoshio] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Alem, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tilmann.sander-thoemmes@ptb.de OI Steinhoff, Uwe/0000-0001-9138-8327 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 48 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 EI 1361-6560 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUN 21 PY 2015 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4797 EP 4811 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/60/12/4797 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CK3DA UT WOS:000356095200014 PM 26041047 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bradford, KJ Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hui, H Irwin, KD Kang, JH Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, K Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, AC Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bradford, K. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. H. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. G. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. C. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. CA BICEP2 Keck Array Collaborations TI BICEP2/KECK ARRAY. IV. OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE BICEP2 AND KECK ARRAY EXPERIMENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; polarization ID GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETER AB BICEP2. and the Keck Array. are polarization-sensitive microwave telescopes that observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the South Pole at degree angular scales in search of a signature of inflation imprinted as B-mode polarization in the CMB. BICEP2. was deployed in late 2009, observed for three years until the end of 2012 at 150 GHz with 512 antenna-coupled transition edge sensor bolometers, and has reported a detection of B-mode polarization on degree angular scales. The Keck Array. was first deployed in late 2010 and will observe through 2016 with five receivers at several frequencies (95, 150, and 220 GHz). BICEP2. and the Keck Array. share a common optical design and employ the field-proven BICEP1. strategy of using small-aperture, cold, on-axis refractive optics, providing excellent control of systematics while maintaining a large field of view. This design allows for full characterization of far-field optical performance using microwave sources on the ground. Here we describe the optical design of both instruments and report a full characterization of the optical performance and beams of BICEP2. and the Keck Array. at 150 GHz. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barkats, D.] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Bradford, K. J.; Buder, I.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC SBT, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM avieregg@kicp.uchicago.edu OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) (Caltech/Harvard) [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978]; National Science Foundation (NSF) (Chicago/Minnesota) [ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087]; NSF (Harvard) [ANT-1145172]; NSF (Minnesota) [ANT-1145143]; NSF (Stanford) [ANT-1145248]; W. M. Keck Foundation (Caltech); JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; NASA [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation; FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; W. M. Keck Foundation FX BICEP2 was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants ANT-0742818 and ANT-1044978 (Caltech/Harvard) and ANT-0742592 and ANT-1110087 (Chicago/Minnesota). The Keck Array. was supported by the NSF under grants ANT-1145172 (Harvard), ANT-1145143 (Minnesota), and ANT-1145248 (Stanford), and by the W. M. Keck Foundation (Caltech). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and grants 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. Computations presented in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard. The analysis effort at Stanford and SLAC was partially suported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The receiver development was supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. Tireless administrative support was provided by Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2015 VL 806 IS 2 AR 206 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/206 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CL7DA UT WOS:000357129500061 ER PT J AU Vigneron, P Hulot, G Olsen, N Leger, JM Jager, T Brocco, L Sirol, O Coisson, P Lalanne, X Chulliat, A Bertrand, F Boness, A Fratter, I AF Vigneron, Pierre Hulot, Gauthier Olsen, Nils Leger, Jean-Michel Jager, Thomas Brocco, Laura Sirol, Olivier Coisson, Pierdavide Lalanne, Xavier Chulliat, Arnaud Bertrand, Francois Boness, Axel Fratter, Isabelle TI A 2015 International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) candidate model based on Swarm's experimental absolute magnetometer vector mode data SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Swarm; IGRF; Absolute vector magnetometer AB Each of the three satellites of the European Space Agency Swarm mission carries an absolute scalar magnetometer (ASM) that provides the nominal 1-Hz scalar data of the mission for both science and calibration purposes. These ASM instruments, however, also deliver autonomous 1-Hz experimental vector data. Here, we report on how ASM-only scalar and vector data from the Alpha and Bravo satellites between November 29, 2013 (a week after launch) and September 25, 2014 (for on-time delivery of the model on October 1, 2014) could be used to build a very valuable candidate model for the 2015.0 International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). A parent model was first computed, describing the geomagnetic field of internal origin up to degree and order 40 in a spherical harmonic representation and including a constant secular variation up to degree and order 8. This model was next simply forwarded to epoch 2015.0 and truncated at degree and order 13. The resulting ASM-only 2015.0 IGRF candidate model is compared to analogous models derived from the mission's nominal data and to the now-published final 2015.0 IGRF model. Differences among models mainly highlight uncertainties enhanced by the limited geographical distribution of the selected data set (essentially due to a lack of availability of data at high northern latitude satisfying nighttime conditions at the end of the time period considered). These appear to be comparable to differences classically observed among IGRF candidate models. These positive results led the ASM-only 2015.0 IGRF candidate model to contribute to the construction of the final 2015.0 IGRF model. C1 [Vigneron, Pierre; Hulot, Gauthier; Brocco, Laura; Sirol, Olivier; Coisson, Pierdavide; Lalanne, Xavier] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. [Olsen, Nils] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Leger, Jean-Michel; Jager, Thomas; Bertrand, Francois; Boness, Axel] CEA, LETI, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Chulliat, Arnaud] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Chulliat, Arnaud] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Fratter, Isabelle] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. RP Hulot, G (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75005 Paris, France. EM gh@ipgp.fr RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Coisson, Pierdavide/C-5942-2012 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631; Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Coisson, Pierdavide/0000-0003-4155-2111 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); European Space Agency (ESA) through ESTEC [4000109587/13/I-NB] FX The authors thank Chris Finlay for kindly providing the RC index needed for this study and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. They also thank the ESA Swarm project team for their collaboration in making ASM-V experimental data acquisition possible. They finally gratefully acknowledge support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission SWARM" project and from the European Space Agency (ESA) through ESTEC contract number 4000109587/13/I-NB "SWARM ESL". All Swarm L1b data are freely available from ESA at http://earth.esa.int/swarm. Experimental ASM-V data used for the present study are available from the corresponding author, subject to approval by CNES and CEA-Leti. All model coefficients can be downloaded from http://geomag.ipgp.fr/download/IPGP_IGRF_ASMV.tar.gz. This is IPGP contribution no 3641. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PD JUN 20 PY 2015 VL 67 AR 95 DI 10.1186/s40623-015-0265-4 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CL2FJ UT WOS:000356758700001 ER PT J AU Kopf, A Bicak, M Kottmann, R Schnetzer, J Kostadinov, I Lehmann, K Fernandez-Guerra, A Jeanthon, C Rahav, E Ullrich, M Wichels, A Gerdts, G Polymenakou, P Kotoulas, G Siam, R Abdallah, RZ Sonnenschein, EC Cariou, T O'Gara, F Jackson, S Orlic, S Steinke, M Busch, J Duarte, B Cacador, I Canning-Clode, J Bobrova, O Marteinsson, V Reynisson, E Loureiro, CM Luna, GM Quero, GM Loscher, CR Kremp, A DeLorenzo, ME Ovreas, L Tolman, J LaRoche, J Penna, A Frischer, M Davis, T Katherine, B Meyer, CP Ramos, S Magalhaes, C Jude-Lemeilleur, F Aguirre-Macedo, ML Wang, S Poulton, N Jones, S Collin, R Fuhrman, JA Conan, P Alonso, C Stambler, N Goodwin, K Yakimov, MM Baltar, F Bodrossy, L Van De Kamp, J Frampton, DMF Ostrowski, M Van Ruth, P Malthouse, P Claus, S Deneudt, K Mortelmans, J Pitois, S Wallom, D Salter, I Costa, R Schroeder, DC Kandil, MM Amaral, V Biancalana, F Santana, R Pedrotti, ML Yoshida, T Ogata, H Ingleton, T Munnik, K Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, N Berteaux-Lecellier, V Wecker, P Cancio, I Vaulot, D Bienhold, C Ghazal, H Chaouni, B Essayeh, S Ettamimi, S Zaid, E Boukhatem, N Bouali, A Chahboune, R Barrijal, S Timinouni, M El Otmani, F Bennani, M Mea, M Todorova, N Karamfilov, V ten Hoopen, P Cochrane, G L'Haridon, S Bizsel, KC Vezzi, A Lauro, FM Martin, P Jensen, RM Hinks, J Gebbels, S Rosselli, R De Pascale, F Schiavon, R dos Santos, A Villar, E Pesant, S Cataletto, B Malfatti, F Edirisinghe, R Silveira, JAH Barbier, M Turk, V Tinta, T Fuller, WJ Salihoglu, I Serakinci, N Ergoren, MC Bresnan, E Iriberri, J Nyhus, PAF Bente, E Karlsen, HE Golyshin, PN Gasol, JM Moncheva, S Dzhembekova, N Johnson, Z Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Zingone, A Danovaro, R Tsiamis, G Clark, MS Costa, AC El Bour, M Martins, AM Collins, RE Ducluzeau, AL Martinez, J Costello, MJ Amaral-Zettler, LA Gilbert, JA Davies, N Field, D Glockner, FO AF Kopf, Anna Bicak, Mesude Kottmann, Renzo Schnetzer, Julia Kostadinov, Ivaylo Lehmann, Katja Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio Jeanthon, Christian Rahav, Eyal Ullrich, Matthias Wichels, Antje Gerdts, Gunnar Polymenakou, Paraskevi Kotoulas, Giorgos Siam, Rania Abdallah, Rehab Z. Sonnenschein, Eva C. Cariou, Thierry O'Gara, Fergal Jackson, Stephen Orlic, Sandi Steinke, Michael Busch, Julia Duarte, Bernardo Cacador, Isabel Canning-Clode, Joao Bobrova, Oleksandra Marteinsson, Viggo Reynisson, Eyjolfur Loureiro, Clara Magalhaes Luna, Gian Marco Quero, Grazia Marina Loescher, Carolin R. Kremp, Anke DeLorenzo, Marie E. Ovreas, Lise Tolman, Jennifer LaRoche, Julie Penna, Antonella Frischer, Marc Davis, Timothy Katherine, Barker Meyer, Christopher P. Ramos, Sandra Magalhaes, Catarina Jude-Lemeilleur, Florence Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Wang, Shiao Poulton, Nicole Jones, Scott Collin, Rachel Fuhrman, Jed A. Conan, Pascal Alonso, Cecilia Stambler, Noga Goodwin, Kelly Yakimov, Michael M. Baltar, Federico Bodrossy, Levente Van De Kamp, Jodie Frampton, Dion M. F. Ostrowski, Martin Van Ruth, Paul Malthouse, Paul Claus, Simon Deneudt, Klaas Mortelmans, Jonas Pitois, Sophie Wallom, David Salter, Ian Costa, Rodrigo Schroeder, Declan C. Kandil, Mahrous M. Amaral, Valentina Biancalana, Florencia Santana, Rafael Pedrotti, Maria Luiza Yoshida, Takashi Ogata, Hiroyuki Ingleton, Tim Munnik, Kate Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara Berteaux-Lecellier, Veronique Wecker, Patricia Cancio, Ibon Vaulot, Daniel Bienhold, Christina Ghazal, Hassan Chaouni, Bouchra Essayeh, Soumya Ettamimi, Sara Zaid, El Houcine Boukhatem, Noureddine Bouali, Abderrahim Chahboune, Rajaa Barrijal, Said Timinouni, Mohammed El Otmani, Fatima Bennani, Mohamed Mea, Marianna Todorova, Nadezhda Karamfilov, Ventzislav ten Hoopen, Petra Cochrane, Guy L'Haridon, Stephane Bizsel, Kemal Can Vezzi, Alessandro Lauro, Federico M. Martin, Patrick Jensen, Rachelle M. Hinks, Jamie Gebbels, Susan Rosselli, Riccardo De Pascale, Fabio Schiavon, Riccardo dos Santos, Antonina Villar, Emilie Pesant, Stephane Cataletto, Bruno Malfatti, Francesca Edirisinghe, Ranjith Silveira, Jorge A. Herrera Barbier, Michele Turk, Valentina Tinta, Tinkara Fuller, Wayne J. Salihoglu, Ilkay Serakinci, Nedime Ergoren, Mahmut Cerkez Bresnan, Eileen Iriberri, Juan Nyhus, Paul Anders Fronth Bente, Edvardsen Karlsen, Hans Erik Golyshin, Peter N. Gasol, Josep M. Moncheva, Snejana Dzhembekova, Nina Johnson, Zackary Sinigalliano, Christopher David Gidley, Maribeth Louise Zingone, Adriana Danovaro, Roberto Tsiamis, George Clark, Melody S. Costa, Ana Cristina El Bour, Monia Martins, Ana M. Collins, R. Eric Ducluzeau, Anne-Lise Martinez, Jonathan Costello, Mark J. Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. Gilbert, Jack A. Davies, Neil Field, Dawn Gloeckner, Frank Oliver TI The ocean sampling day consortium SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ocean sampling day; OSD; Biodiversity; Genomics; Health Index; Bacteria; Microorganism; Metagenomics; Marine; Micro B3; Standards ID GLOBAL OCEAN AB Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits. C1 [Kopf, Anna; Kottmann, Renzo; Schnetzer, Julia; Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio; Bienhold, Christina; Gloeckner, Frank Oliver] Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Kopf, Anna; Schnetzer, Julia; Kostadinov, Ivaylo; Ullrich, Matthias; Mea, Marianna; Davies, Neil; Field, Dawn; Gloeckner, Frank Oliver] Jacobs Univ Bremen gGmbH, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Bicak, Mesude; Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio; Wallom, David; Field, Dawn] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QG, Oxon, England. [Lehmann, Katja] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Jeanthon, Christian; Cariou, Thierry; Vaulot, Daniel] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Stn Biol, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Jeanthon, Christian; Cariou, Thierry; Vaulot, Daniel] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Stn Biol, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Rahav, Eyal] Natl Inst Oceanog, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. [Wichels, Antje; Gerdts, Gunnar] Biol Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany. [Polymenakou, Paraskevi; Kotoulas, Giorgos] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Biotechnol & Aquaculture, Iraklion 71500, Crete, Greece. [Siam, Rania; Abdallah, Rehab Z.] Amer Univ Cairo, Biol Dept, New Cairo 11835, Cairo Governora, Egypt. [Siam, Rania; Abdallah, Rehab Z.] Amer Univ Cairo, YJ Sci & Technol Res Ctr, New Cairo 11835, Cairo Governora, Egypt. [Sonnenschein, Eva C.; Jackson, Stephen] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [O'Gara, Fergal] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland. [O'Gara, Fergal] Curtin Univ, Biomed Sci, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Villar, Emilie] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7256, IGS, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Orlic, Sandi] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Steinke, Michael] Univ Essex, Sch Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Busch, Julia] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm ICBM, D-26383 Wilhemshaven, Germany. [Duarte, Bernardo; Cacador, Isabel; Canning-Clode, Joao] Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Canning-Clode, Joao] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Bobrova, Oleksandra] Odessa Natl II Mechnikov Univ, Dept Microbiol Virol & Biotechnol, UA-65082 Odessa, Ukraine. [Marteinsson, Viggo; Reynisson, Eyjolfur] Matis Ltd, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Loureiro, Clara Magalhaes; Costa, Ana Cristina; Martins, Ana M.] Univ Acores, Dept Biol, InBio CIBIO, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal. [Luna, Gian Marco; Quero, Grazia Marina] Inst Marine Sci CNR ISMAR, Natl Res Council, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Loescher, Carolin R.] GEOMAR, Inst Microbiol, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Kremp, Anke] Finnish Environm Inst, Marine Res Ctr, Helsinki 00560, Finland. [DeLorenzo, Marie E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ovreas, Lise] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Tolman, Jennifer; LaRoche, Julie] Dalhousie Univ, LaRoche Res Grp, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Penna, Antonella] Univ Urbino, Dept Biomol Sci, I-61121 Pesaro, Italy. [Frischer, Marc] Univ Georgia, Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Davis, Timothy] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Katherine, Barker; Meyer, Christopher P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ramos, Sandra; Magalhaes, Catarina] Univ Porto, Interdisciplinary Ctr Environm & Marine Res, CIIMAR, P-4050123 Oporto, Portugal. [Jude-Lemeilleur, Florence] CNRS, Stn Marine Arcachon, F-33120 Arcachon, France. [Jude-Lemeilleur, Florence] Univ Bordeaux, F-33120 Arcachon, France. [Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Ma] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados CINVESTAV, Unidad Merida, Yucatan 97310, Mexico. [Wang, Shiao; Silveira, Jorge A. Herrera] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Poulton, Nicole] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Jones, Scott] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Fuhrman, Jed A.] Univ So Calif, Wrigley Inst Environm Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Fuhrman, Jed A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Conan, Pascal; Salter, Ian] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, UMR7621,Lab Oceanog Microbienne,Observ Oceanol, F-66651 Banyuls Sur Mer, France. [Alonso, Cecilia; Amaral, Valentina; Santana, Rafael] Univ Republ, Ctr Univ Reg Este, Microbial Ecol Aquat Transit Syst Res Grp, Rocha, Uruguay. [Stambler, Noga] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-5290002 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Stambler, Noga] Interuniv Inst Marine Sci Eilat, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. [Stambler, Noga] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yakimov, Michael M.] CNR, IAMC, Inst Coastal Marine Environm, I-98122 Messina, Sicily, Italy. [Baltar, Federico] Univ Otago, Dept Marine Sci, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Bodrossy, Levente; Van De Kamp, Jodie; Frampton, Dion M. F.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Ostrowski, Martin] Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Van Ruth, Paul; Malthouse, Paul] South Australian Res & Dev Inst SARDI Aquat Sci, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. [Claus, Simon; Deneudt, Klaas; Mortelmans, Jonas] Flanders Marine Inst, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Pitois, Sophie] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Salter, Ian; Bienhold, Christina] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Costa, Rodrigo] Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine Sci, Microbial Ecol & Evolut Res Grp, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Schroeder, Declan C.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Kandil, Mahrous M.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Agr, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Alexandria 21545, Egypt. [Pedrotti, Maria Luiza] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris 04, CNRS, UMR 7093,LOV,Observ Oceanol, Paris, France. [Biancalana, Florencia] Argentine Inst Oceanog, Marine Biogeochem, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Yoshida, Takashi; Ogata, Hiroyuki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [dos Santos, Antonina] IPMA, Dept Sea & Marine Resources, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Ingleton, Tim] New South Wales Off Environm & Heritage, Waters Wetlands & Coasts, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Munnik, Kate] Lwandle Technol, Cape Town, South Africa. [Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara] AZTI, Marine Res Div, Sukarrieta 48395, Bizkaia, Spain. [Berteaux-Lecellier, Veronique; Wecker, Patricia] UPVD, EPHE, CNRS, CRIOBE,USR3278,LabEx Corail, F-98729 Papetoai Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Ingleton, Tim] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic & Southern Ocean Studies, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Cancio, Ibon; Iriberri, Juan] Univ Basque Country, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. [Davies, Neil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Gump South Pacific Res Stn, Moorea 98728, Fr Polynesia. [Ghazal, Hassan; Essayeh, Soumya; Chahboune, Rajaa] Univ Mohammed Premier, Polydisciplinary Fac Nador, Selouane, Nador, Morocco. [Ghazal, Hassan; Chaouni, Bouchra; Ettamimi, Sara; Boukhatem, Noureddine; Bouali, Abderrahim] Univ Mohammed Premier, Lab Genet & Biotechnol, Oujda, Morocco. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ettamimi, Sara] Univ Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah, Polydisciplinary Fac Taza, Fes, Morocco. [Chaouni, Bouchra; Zaid, El Houcine] Univ Mohammed Fifth Rabat, Fac Sci Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. [Chahboune, Rajaa; Barrijal, Said] Univ Abdelmalek Essaadi, Fac Sci & Tech Tanger, Tanger, Morocco. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Timinouni, Mohammed; Bennani, Mohamed] Pasteur Inst Morocco, Casablanca 20100, Morocco. [El Otmani, Fatima] Chouaib Doukkali Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Microbiol Hlth & Environm Team, El Jadida, Morocco. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Todorova, Nadezhda; Karamfilov, Ventzislav] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res IBER, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [ten Hoopen, Petra; Cochrane, Guy] European Bioinformat Inst EMBL EBI, European Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB10 1SD, Cambs, England. [L'Haridon, Stephane] UBO, UEB, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Bizsel, Kemal Can] Dokuz Eylul Univ DEU, Inst Marine Sci & Technol IMST, I-35340 Izmir, Balcova, Turkey. [Vezzi, Alessandro; Rosselli, Riccardo; De Pascale, Fabio; Schiavon, Riccardo] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, I-35121 Padua, Italy. [Lauro, Federico M.; Hinks, Jamie] Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore. [Martin, Patrick] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Jensen, Rachelle M.] Indigo V Expedit, Singapore 098497, Singapore. [Gebbels, Susan] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dove Marine Lab, Cullercoats NE30 4PZ, Tyne & Wear, England. [Costello, Mark J.] Univ Auckland, Inst Marine Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Pesant, Stephane] Univ Bremen, PANGAEA Data Publisher Earth & Environm Sci, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Cataletto, Bruno; Malfatti, Francesca] Natl Inst Oceanog & Expt Geophys, OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. [Edirisinghe, Ranjith] Rajarata Univ Sri Lanka, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Phys Sci, Mihintale, Sri Lanka. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; Gilbert, Jack A.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Barbier, Michele] Mediterranean Sci Commiss, Monaco 98000, Monaco. [Turk, Valentina; Tinta, Tinkara] Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn, Piran 6330, Slovenia. [Fuller, Wayne J.; Salihoglu, Ilkay; Serakinci, Nedime; Ergoren, Mahmut Cerkez] Near East Univ, Nicosia 99138, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus. [Martins, Ana M.] Univ Azores, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries, PT-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Collins, R. Eric; Ducluzeau, Anne-Lise] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Martinez, Jonathan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Bresnan, Eileen] Marine Scotland Marine Lab, Phytoplankton Ecol, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Aberdeen, Scotland. [El Bour, Monia] Inst Natl Sci & Technol Mer INSTM, Salammbo 2025, Tunisia. [Nyhus, Paul Anders Fronth] Kind Blue Project ABS & Citizen Sci, N-0372 Oslo, Norway. [Bente, Edvardsen] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Sect Aquat Biol & Toxicol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Karlsen, Hans Erik] Marine Biol Res Stn, Drobak Field Stn, N-1440 Drobak, Norway. [Golyshin, Peter N.] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Gasol, Josep M.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Dept Biol Marina & Oceanog, E-08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. [Moncheva, Snejana; Dzhembekova, Nina] Fridtjof Nansen Inst Oceanol, Varna 9000, Bulgaria. [Johnson, Zackary] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Johnson, Zackary] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Gidley, Maribeth Louise] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zingone, Adriana; Danovaro, Roberto] Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Danovaro, Roberto] Polytech Univ Marche, Dept Life & Environm Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Tsiamis, George] Univ Patras, Dept Environm & Nat Resources Management, Agrinion 30100, Greece. [Clark, Melody S.] NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, Cambs, England. RP Glockner, FO (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, Celsiusstr 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM fog@mpi-bremen.de RI Bodrossy, Levente/Q-3745-2016; Zingone, Adriana/E-4518-2010; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; CONAN, Pascal/B-7646-2011; Iriberri, Juan/C-3819-2017; Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara/B-7138-2014; Martin, Patrick/F-6263-2017; Davies, Neil/E-5863-2012; van de Kamp, Jodie/E-9423-2015; Costa, Rodrigo/N-7274-2013; Ramos, Sandra/I-4359-2013; Magalhaes, Catarina/A-6836-2016; Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008; Frampton, Dion/D-3310-2012; Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014; Sonnenschein, Eva/P-4539-2016; Quero, Grazia Marina/P-9602-2016; Costa, Ana Cristina/L-8023-2013; Ovreas, Lise/H-8651-2016; dos Santos, Antonina/B-9055-2011; OI Bodrossy, Levente/0000-0001-6940-452X; Zingone, Adriana/0000-0001-5946-6532; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; CONAN, Pascal/0000-0002-2879-9411; Iriberri, Juan/0000-0003-3787-6674; Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara/0000-0001-6735-6755; Martin, Patrick/0000-0001-8008-5558; Davies, Neil/0000-0001-8085-5014; Kostadinov, Ivaylo/0000-0003-4476-6764; Cochrane, Guy/0000-0001-7954-7057; Bienhold, Christina/0000-0003-2269-9468; Wallom, David/0000-0001-7527-3407; Loscher, Carolin/0000-0002-2044-6849; Vaulot, Daniel/0000-0002-0717-5685; Gasol, Josep M/0000-0001-5238-2387; Costa, Rodrigo/0000-0002-5932-4101; Ramos, Sandra/0000-0002-4065-7651; Magalhaes, Catarina/0000-0001-9576-2398; Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305; Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073; Sonnenschein, Eva/0000-0001-6959-5100; Quero, Grazia Marina/0000-0002-2562-1255; Costa, Ana Cristina/0000-0002-0258-3460; dos Santos, Antonina/0000-0002-2238-9315; Orlic, Sandi/0000-0002-6339-4145; Lauro, Federico/0000-0002-8373-1014; ten Hoopen, Petra/0000-0003-4242-4015; Baltar, Federico/0000-0001-8907-1494; Canning Clode, Joao/0000-0003-2143-6535; PESANT, Stephane/0000-0002-4936-5209; Golyshin, Peter/0000-0002-5433-0350; Duarte, Bernardo/0000-0003-1914-7435 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 51 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PD JUN 19 PY 2015 VL 4 AR 27 DI 10.1186/s13742-015-0066-5 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX4JF UT WOS:000365665300001 PM 26097697 ER PT J AU Stock, C Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Schmalzl, K Rodriguez, EE Stunault, A Petrovic, C AF Stock, C. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Schmalzl, K. Rodriguez, E. E. Stunault, A. Petrovic, C. TI Single to Multiquasiparticle Excitations in the Itinerant Helical Magnet CeRhIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEUTRON POLARIMETRY; HEAVY; IRON; SCATTERING; FERROMAGNET; CONTINUUM; SYMMETRY; CECOIN5 AB CeRhIn5 is an itinerant magnet where the Ce3+ spins order in a simple helical phase. We investigate the spin excitations and observe sharp spin waves parameterized by a nearest-neighbor exchange, J(RKKY) = 0.88 +/- 0.05 meV. At higher energies, the spin fluctuations are heavily damped, where single-quasiparticle excitations are replaced by a momentum- and energy-broadened continuum constrained by kinematics of energy and momentum conservation. The delicate energy balance between localized and itinerant characters results in the breakdown of the single-quasiparticle picture in CeRhIn5. C1 [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schmalzl, K.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Outstn Inst Laue Langevin, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Rodriguez, E. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stunault, A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; Royal Society; Royal Society of Edinburgh; STFC; EPSRC [EP/M01052X/1]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AcO2-98CH10886] FX This work was funded by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the STFC, and the EPSRC (Grant No. EP/M01052X/1). Part of this work was carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is operated for the U. S. Department of Energy by Brookhaven Science Associates (Grant No. DE-AcO2-98CH10886). NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 24 AR 247005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.247005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK8JQ UT WOS:000356484700004 PM 26197000 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, LJ Jimenez-Garcia, K Williams, RA Beeler, MC Phillips, WD Spielman, IB AF LeBlanc, L. J. Jimenez-Garcia, K. Williams, R. A. Beeler, M. C. Phillips, W. D. Spielman, I. B. TI Gauge matters: observing the vortex-nucleation transition in a Bose condensate SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; artifiical gauge fields; vortices ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; TRAPS AB The order parameter of a quantum-coherent many-body system can include a phase degree of freedom, which, in the presence of an electromagnetic field, depends on the choice of gauge. Because of the relationship between the phase gradient and the velocity, time-of-flight measurements reveal this gradient. Here, we describe such measurements of initially trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to an artificial magnetic field. Vortices nucleated in the BEC for artificial field strengths above a critical value, which represented a structural phase transition. By comparing to superfluid-hydrodynamic and Gross-Pitaevskii calculations, we confirmed that the transition from the vortex-free state gives rise to a shear in the released BEC's spatial distribution, representing a macroscopic method to measure this transition, distinct from direct imaging of vortex entry. Shear is also affected by an artificial electric field accompanying the artificial magnetic field turn-off, which depends on the details of the physical mechanism creating the artificial fields, and implies a most natural choice of gauge. Measurements of this kind offer opportunities for studying phase in less-well-understood quantum gas systems. C1 [LeBlanc, L. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. [LeBlanc, L. J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Phillips, W. D.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LeBlanc, L. J.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Phillips, W. D.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP LeBlanc, LJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada. EM lindsay.leblanc@ualberta.ca; ian.spielman@nist.gov FU ONR; ARO; DARPA-OLE program; Atomtronics MURI; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; Canada Research Chairs program FX We thank JV Porto for useful conversations; S Eckel, and D G Norris each for meticulously reading the manuscript; and J H Thywissen for the base code on which the GPE calculations were built. This work was partially supported by the ONR; by the ARO with funds both from the DARPA-OLE program and the Atomtronics MURI; and by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI. L J L acknowledges the NSERC of Canada, K J-G acknowledges CONACYT, and M C B acknowledges NIST-ARRA. This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada Research Chairs program. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 065016 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/065016 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO1PX UT WOS:000358928600002 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Huntsman, SA AF Sunda, William G. Huntsman, Susan A. TI High iron requirement for growth, photosynthesis, and low-light acclimation in the coastal cyanobacterium Synechococcus bacillaris SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron growth limitation; cyanobacteria; evolution; low light acclimation; iron-light co-limitation; deep chlorophyll maximum; cellular Fe:C ratio; photosynthesis ID DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH-PACIFIC; SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; ASSIMILATION PATHWAY; USE EFFICIENCIES; OCEANIC DIATOMS; STATION ALOHA; LIMITATION; PROCHLOROCOCCUS AB Iron limits carbon fixation in much of the modern ocean due to the very low solubility of ferric iron in oxygenated ocean waters. We examined iron-limitation of growth rate under varying light intensities in the coastal cyanobacterium Synechococcus bacillaris, a descendent of the oxygenic phototrophs that evolved ca. 3 billion years ago when the ocean was reducing and iron was present at much higher concentrations as soluble Fe(II). Decreasing light intensity increased the cellular iron:carbon (Fe:C) ratio needed to support a given growth rate, indicating that iron and light may co-limit the growth of Synechococcus in the ocean, as shown previously for eukaryotic phytoplankton. The cellular Fe:C ratios needed to support a given growth rate were 5- to 8-fold higher than ratios for coastal eukaryotic algae growing under the same light conditions. The higher iron requirements for growth in the coastal cyanobacterium may be largely caused by the high demand for iron in photosynthesis, and to higher ratios of iron-rich photosystem I to iron-poor photosystem II in Synechococcus than in eukaryotic algae. This high iron requirement may also be vestigial and represent an adaptation to the much higher iron levels in the ancient reducing ocean. Due to the high cellular iron requirement for photosynthesis and growth, and for low light acclimation, Synechococcus may be excluded from many low-iron and low-light environments. Indeed, it decreases rapidly with depth within the ocean's deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) where iron and light levels are low, and lower-iron requiring picoeukaryotes typically dominate the biomass of phytoplankton community within the mid to lower DCM. C1 [Sunda, William G.; Huntsman, Susan A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), 292 Old Piedmont Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. EM williamg.sunda@gmail.com FU Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA; Chemical Oceanography Program, Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by funding from the Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA and the Chemical Oceanography Program, Office of Naval Research. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 561 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00561 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CL4QW UT WOS:000356939300001 PM 26150804 ER PT J AU Schuckman, AE Ewers, BW Yu, LH Tome, JPC Perez, LM Drain, CM Kushmerick, JG Batteas, JD AF Schuckman, Amanda E. Ewers, Bradley W. Yu, Lam H. Tome, Joao P. C. Perez, Lisa M. Drain, Charles M. Kushmerick, James G. Batteas, James D. TI Utilizing Nearest-Neighbor Interactions To Alter Charge Transport Mechanisms in Molecular Assemblies of Porphyrins on Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; PHENYLENE-ETHYNYLENE OLIGOMERS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; INFORMATION-STORAGE; SINGLE MOLECULES; SOLAR-CELLS; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; MONOLAYERS AB When tunneling is the dominant mechanism of charge transport in a molecular junction, the conductivity of the junction is largely insensitive to chemical and structural perturbations which do not impact the overall length of the junction. This severely hampers the seemingly limitless potential of molecules to modulate charge transport at interfaces and their application in a host of device designs. This is a particular challenge for molecules baring insulating features like saturated hydrocarbons which decouple functional groups from the surface. Such decoupling groups increase the energy required to isolate charge on the molecule, pushing transport into the tunneling regime in many cases. Herein, we demonstrate that, through enhancement of nearest neighbor interactions, lateral delocalization of charge states in molecular islands can be used to shift transport out of the tunneling regime to the more efficient, and more chemically tunable, charge-hopping regime. In a previous study, it was found that through-bond tunneling was the dominant mechanism of charge transport through a hydrocarbon-tethered free-base porphyrin thiol. With coordination of zinc(II), the formation of large molecular islands in an alkanethiol matrix on a Au(111) surface was facilitated. Bias-induced switching and unphysical tunneling efficiencies observed by scanning tunneling microscopy of these molecular islands, as well as Coulomb blockade observed in low-temperature crossed-wire tunnel junction measurements, indicate charge hopping becomes the dominant mechanism of transport in the molecular islands, whereas transport in single molecules was consistent with through-bond tunneling. These results elucidate the basis for functional conductivity-structure and supramolecular relationships that may be employed in the design of molecular junctions in organic thin films. C1 [Schuckman, Amanda E.; Ewers, Bradley W.; Batteas, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Perez, Lisa M.] Texas A&M Univ, Lab Mol Simulat, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Yu, Lam H.; Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Mat Measurement, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tome, Joao P. C.; Drain, Charles M.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Drain, CM (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM cdrain@hunter.cuny.edu; james.kushmerick@nist.gov; batteas@chem.tamu.edu RI Batteas, James/D-4144-2015; Tome, Joao/K-6782-2014 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000; Tome, Joao/0000-0001-6057-4936 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0848786, CHE-1213082, CHE-0848602, CHE-1213962, CHE-0541587] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (grants CHE-0848786 and CHE-1213082 to J.D.B. and CHE-0848602 and CHE-1213962 to C.M.D). C.M.D. acknowledges Mikki Vinodu for assistance in formulating the synthetic strategy used to prepare the zinc porphyrin thiol. The Laboratory for Molecular Simulation also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0541587). We also thank the TAMU Material Characterization Facility for their assistance in the acquisition of the XPS data and preparation of Au thin films on Si. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 24 BP 13569 EP 13579 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01223 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL2DX UT WOS:000356754900024 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Senftle, TP Zou, C Becker, CA van Duin, ACT AF Tavazza, F. Senftle, T. P. Zou, C. Becker, C. A. van Duin, A. C. T. TI Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Effects of Tip-Substrate Interactions during Nanoindentation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; NICKEL; INDENTATION; REAXFF; SIMULATIONS; SURFACES; INITIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Nanoindentation in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations typically uses highly idealized indenter tip models. Such tips usually consist of either a single sphere or a collection of atoms, both of which are purely repulsive in their interactions with the substrate. It is also assumed that there is no environmental or substrate contamination, nor is there a surface oxide layer. In this work we examine the effects of these assumptions by comparing detailed MD simulations utilizing varying interaction potentials against both experimental atomic force microscopy observations and calculations using density functional theory. Specifically, we examine the effect of a tip-substrate interaction on the indenter under clean, hydrogenated, and oxidized conditions. We find that under clean or oxidized conditions (where we include oxygen on the nickel surface to mimic a passivating NiO layer) there is a substantial material transfer from the substrate to the tip. This material (Ni atoms) remains adsorbed on the tip upon retraction. However, the presence of hydrogen on the diamond tip drastically reduces, or even altogether eliminates, this material transfer, therefore having an effect much larger than that of a contaminating oxide layer. C1 [Tavazza, F.; Becker, C. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Senftle, T. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zou, C.; van Duin, A. C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Senftle, Thomas/0000-0002-5889-5009 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 24 BP 13580 EP 13589 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01275 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL2DX UT WOS:000356754900025 ER PT J AU Hu, DX Wu, LX Cai, WJ Sen Gupta, A Ganachaud, A Qiu, B Gordon, AL Lin, XP Chen, ZH Hu, SJ Wang, GJ Wang, QY Sprintall, J Qu, TD Kashino, Y Wang, F Kessler, WS AF Hu, Dunxin Wu, Lixin Cai, Wenju Sen Gupta, Alex Ganachaud, Alexandre Qiu, Bo Gordon, Arnold L. Lin, Xiaopei Chen, Zhaohui Hu, Shijian Wang, Guojian Wang, Qingye Sprintall, Janet Qu, Tangdong Kashino, Yuji Wang, Fan Kessler, William S. TI Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID NORTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MINDANAO CURRENT; SOUTH-PACIFIC; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SST ANOMALIES AB Pacific Ocean western boundary currents and the interlinked equatorial Pacific circulation system were among the first currents of these types to be explored by pioneering oceanographers. The widely accepted but poorly quantified importance of these currents-in processes such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Indonesian Throughflow-has triggered renewed interest. Ongoing efforts are seeking to understand the heat and mass balances of the equatorial Pacific, and possible changes associated with greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. Only a concerted international effort will close the observational, theoretical and technical gaps currently limiting a robust answer to these elusive questions. C1 [Hu, Dunxin; Hu, Shijian; Wang, Qingye; Wang, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Wu, Lixin; Cai, Wenju; Lin, Xiaopei; Chen, Zhaohui] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, Australian Res Council ARC Ctr Excellence Climate, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Ganachaud, Alexandre] UPS OMP PCA, LEGOS UMR5566, IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gordon, Arnold L.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Sprintall, Janet] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Qu, Tangdong] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kashino, Yuji] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Ctr Earth Informat Sci & Technol, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. EM lxwu@ouc.edu.cn; wenju.cai@csiro.au RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013; Wang, Fan/J-5119-2012; Qiu, Bo/D-9569-2017 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095; Hu, Shijian/0000-0002-6142-7441; Wang, Fan/0000-0001-5932-7567; FU Australian Climate Change Science Program; CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Science Leader award; CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive postdoctoral awards; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41130859, 41490640, 41306001]; National Basic Research Program of China (MOST) [2013CB956200]; CAS Program XDA [11010101]; NSFC [41330963, 41421005, 41406016]; MOST [2013CB956202, 2012CB417401]; NSFC/Shangdong [U1406401]; CNRS/INSU/LEFE project MoorSPICE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AO38G]; Tropical Ocean Climate Study of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology FX W.C. and G.W. are supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program, a CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Science Leader award, and CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive postdoctoral awards. L.W., Z.C. and X.L. are supported by projects (41130859,41490640, 41306001) of the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and a project (2013CB956200) of the National Basic Research Program of China (MOST). D.H. is supported by CAS Program XDA 11010101, and NSFC Grants 41330963 and 41421005. S.H. is supported by NSFC Grant 41406016. Q.W. is supported by MOST Grant 2013CB956202. F.W. is supported by MOST Grant 2012CB417401 and NSFC/Shangdong Grant U1406401, A.G. is supported by CNRS/INSU/LEFE project MoorSPICE. This is PMEL Contribution Number 4207, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Contribution Number 7875. J.S. is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under award no. NNX13AO38G. Y.K. is supported by the Tropical Ocean Climate Study of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. This is a contribution to the CLIVAR SPICE and NPOCE programmes. We thank A. Purich and T. Cowan for their comments before submission. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. The US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 100 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 13 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 522 IS 7556 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1038/nature14504 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK7PU UT WOS:000356425400045 PM 26085269 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Holmstrom, E Zhang, JW Yu, P Wang, JB Dyba, MA Chen, D Ying, JF Lockett, S Nesbitt, DJ Ferre-D'Amare, AR Sousa, R Stagno, JR Wang, YX AF Liu, Yu Holmstrom, Erik Zhang, Jinwei Yu, Ping Wang, Jinbu Dyba, Marzena A. Chen, De Ying, Jinfa Lockett, Stephen Nesbitt, David J. Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R. Sousa, Rui Stagno, Jason R. Wang, Yun-Xing TI Synthesis and applications of RNAs with position-selective labelling and mosaic composition SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; DNA TEMPLATES; POLYMERASE; RIBOSWITCH; STABILITY; LIGAND; DISSOCIATION; SPECIFICITY AB Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of RNA molecules is critical to understanding their many biological functions. Furthermore, synthetic RNAs have applications as therapeutics and molecular sensors. Both research and technological applications of RNA would be dramatically enhanced by methods that enable incorporation of modified or labelled nucleotides into specifically designated positions or regions of RNA. However, the synthesis of tens of milligrams of such RNAs using existing methods has been impossible. Here we develop a hybrid solid-liquid phase transcription method and automated robotic platform for the synthesis of RNAs with position-selective labelling. We demonstrate its use by successfully preparing various isotope- or fluorescently labelled versions of the 71-nucleotide aptamer domain of an adenine riboswitch(1) for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, respectively. Those RNAs includemolecules that were selectively isotope-labelled in specific loops, linkers, a helix, several discrete positions, or a single internal position, as well as RNA molecules that were fluorescently labelled in and near kissing loops. These selectively labelled RNAs have the same fold as those transcribed using conventional methods, but they greatly simplify the interpretation of NMR spectra. The single-position isotope-and fluorescently labelled RNA samples reveal multiple conformational states of the adenine riboswitch. Lastly, we describe a robotic platform- and the operation that automates this technology. Our selective labelling method may be useful for studying RNA structure and dynamics and for making RNA sensors for a variety of applications including cell-biological studies, substance detection(2), and disease diagnostics(3,4). C1 [Liu, Yu; Wang, Jinbu; Stagno, Jason R.; Wang, Yun-Xing] NCI, Prot Nucle Acid Interact Sect, Struct Biophys Lab, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Jinwei; Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R.] NHLBI, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yu, Ping; Dyba, Marzena A.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Basic Sci Program, Struct Biophys Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Chen, De; Lockett, Stephen] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Opt Microscopy & Anal Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Ying, Jinfa] NIDDK, Lab Chem Phys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sousa, Rui] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), NCI, Prot Nucle Acid Interact Sect, Struct Biophys Lab, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM wangyunx@mail.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Intramural Antiviral Target Program (IATAP) of the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute [HHSN261200800001E]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844]; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program [T32 GM-065103]; W. M. Keck Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank D. E. Draper, A. Bax, A. Byrd, M. Summers, A. Rein, and J. Strathern for discussions. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; by the Intramural Antiviral Target Program (IATAP) of the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health; by the 2013 Director's Challenge Innovation Award of the National Institutes of Health; by the fund from the National Cancer Institute under contract number HHSN261200800001E; by the National Science Foundation (CHE1266416, PHYS1125844); by the National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32 GM-065103); and by the W. M. Keck Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 14 U2 79 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 522 IS 7556 BP 368 EP + DI 10.1038/nature14352 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK7PU UT WOS:000356425400059 PM 25938715 ER PT J AU Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP Barlow, SE Ashby, N AF Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. Barlow, S. E. Ashby, N. TI Comment on "Ramsey spectroscopy, matter-wave interferometry, and the microwave-lensing frequency shift" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB The theory of a frequency shift in primary frequency standards due to microwave lensing in Gibble [Phys. Rev. A 90, 015601 (2014)] contains a number of problems that undermine its validity. Furthermore, because the exposition of the theory has multiple errors and because the shift has never been experimentally observed, we believe this possible shift should not be included as a correction to primary frequency standards contributing to international atomic time. Although the theory may describe the basic mechanisms of a possible frequency shift, we argue it is not possible to use this theory to make reliable corrections to a primary frequency standard at the delta f/f similar to 10(-16) level. C1 [Jefferts, S. R.; Heavner, T. P.; Barlow, S. E.; Ashby, N.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jefferts, SR (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 18 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 067601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.067601 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CK8GA UT WOS:000356475300010 ER PT J AU Bernal, J Torres-Jimenez, J AF Bernal, Javier Torres-Jimenez, Jose TI SAGRAD: A Program for Neural Network Training with Simulated Annealing and the Conjugate Gradient Method SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE batch learning; neural networks for classification; scaled conjugate gradient algorithm; simulated annealing ID ALGORITHM AB SAGRAD (Simulated Annealing GRADient), a Fortran 77 program for computing neural networks for classification using batch learning, is discussed. Neural network training in SAGRAD is based on a combination of simulated annealing and Moller's scaled conjugate gradient algorithm, the latter a variation of the traditional conjugate gradient method, better suited for the nonquadratic nature of neural networks. Different aspects of the implementation of the training process in SAGRAD are discussed, such as the efficient computation of gradients and multiplication of vectors by Hessian matrices that are required by Moller's algorithm; the (re) initialization of weights with simulated annealing required to (re) start Moller's algorithm the first time and each time thereafter that it shows insufficient progress in reaching a possibly local minimum; and the use of simulated annealing when Moller's algorithm, after possibly making considerable progress, becomes stuck at a local minimum or flat area of weight space. Outlines of the scaled conjugate gradient algorithm, the simulated annealing procedure and the training process used in SAGRAD are presented together with results from running SAGRAD on two examples of training data. C1 [Bernal, Javier; Torres-Jimenez, Jose] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Torres-Jimenez, Jose] CINVESTAV Tamaulipas, Informat Technol Lab, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RP Bernal, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM javier.bernal@nist.gov; jtj@cinvestav.mx NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUN 17 PY 2015 VL 120 DI 10.6028/jres.120.009 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8WK UT WOS:000358726100001 PM 26958442 ER PT J AU Senko, C Richerme, P Smith, J Lee, A Cohen, I Retzker, A Monroe, C AF Senko, C. Richerme, P. Smith, J. Lee, A. Cohen, I. Retzker, A. Monroe, C. TI Realization of a Quantum Integer-Spin Chain with Controllable Interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; RANGE INTERACTIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SIMULATOR; DYNAMICS; ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEM; STATES; PHASE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS AB The physics of interacting integer-spin chains has been a topic of intense theoretical interest, particularly in the context of symmetry-protected topological phases. However, there has not been a controllable model system to study this physics experimentally. We demonstrate how spin-dependent forces on trapped ions can be used to engineer an effective system of interacting spin-1 particles. Our system evolves coherently under an applied spin-1 XY Hamiltonian with tunable, long-range couplings, and all three quantum levels at each site participate in the dynamics. We observe the time evolution of the system and verify its coherence by entangling a pair of effective three-level particles ("qutrits") with 86% fidelity. By adiabatically ramping a global field, we produce ground states of the XY model, and we demonstrate an instance where the ground state cannot be created without breaking the same symmetries that protect the topological Haldane phase. This experimental platform enables future studies of symmetry-protected order in spin-1 systems and their use in quantum applications. C1 [Senko, C.; Richerme, P.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Senko, C.; Richerme, P.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cohen, I.; Retzker, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Senko, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU European Commission STREP EQuaM, Emulators of Quantum frustrated Magnetism [323714]; ARO Atomic Physics Program; AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; IARPA MQCO Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund FX We thank Brian Neyenhuis, Paul Hess, Alexey Gorshkov, and Zhe-Xuan Gong for critical discussions. A. R. acknowledges the support of the European Commission STREP EQuaM, Emulators of Quantum frustrated Magnetism, Grant Agreement No. 323714. This work is supported by the ARO Atomic Physics Program, the AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification, the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, the IARPA MQCO Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. Funding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund. NR 65 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD JUN 17 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 AR 021026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.021026 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK7IS UT WOS:000356406600001 ER PT J AU Perron, JK Stewart, MD Zimmerman, NM AF Perron, Justin K. Stewart, M. D., Jr. Zimmerman, Neil M. TI A quantitative study of bias triangles presented in chemical potential space SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE double quantum dots; single electron effects; coulomb blockade; transport; bias triangles; stability diagram ID SPIN BLOCKADE; QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTROMETER; TRANSISTOR AB We present measurements of bias triangles in several biasing configurations. Using a capacitive model and two fit parameters we are able to predict the shapes and locations of the bias triangles in all measurement configurations. Furthermore, analysis of the data using this model allows us to present data from all four possible bias configurations on a single plot in chemical potential space. This presentation allows comparison between different biasing directions to be made in a clean and straightforward manner. Our analysis and presentation will prove useful in demonstrations of Pauli-spin blockade where comparisons between different biasing directions are paramount. The long term stability of the CMOS compatible Si/SiO2 only architecture leads to the success of this analysis. We also propose a simple variation to this analysis that will extend its use to systems lacking the long term stability of these devices. C1 [Perron, Justin K.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Perron, Justin K.; Stewart, M. D., Jr.; Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Perron, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org FU LPS grant 'Noise and coherent properties of silicon nanodevices' FX The authors would like to thank G Bryant and J Pomeroy for their helpful discussions as well as Akira Fujiwara for providing devices. This work has been supported by an LPS grant 'Noise and coherent properties of silicon nanodevices'. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 17 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 23 AR 235302 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/235302 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CJ1OU UT WOS:000355254200016 PM 25992789 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Naugolnykh, K Marchbanks, RD AF Churnside, James H. Naugolnykh, Konstantin Marchbanks, Richard D. TI Optical remote sensing of sound in the ocean SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; oceanography; remote sensing; acoustics; bubbles ID OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; BREAKING WAVES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BUBBLE PLUMES; WIND-SPEED; BLUE WHALE; SEA; CALIFORNIA; SIGNATURE; NOISE AB We propose a remote sensing technique to measure sound in the upper ocean. The objective is a system that can be flown on an aircraft. Conventional acoustic sensors are ineffective in this application, because almost none (similar to 0.1%) of the sound in the ocean is transmitted through the water/air interface. The technique is based on the acoustic modulation of naturally occurring bubbles near the sea surface. It is clear from the ideal gas law that the volume of a bubble will decrease if the pressure is increased, as long as the number of gas molecules and temperature remain constant. The pressure variations associated with the acoustic field will therefore induce proportional volume fluctuations of the insonified bubbles. The lidar return from a collection of bubbles is proportional to the total void fraction, independent of the bubble size distribution. This implies that the lidar return from a collection of insonified bubbles will be modulated at the acoustic frequencies, independent of the bubble size distribution. Moreover, that modulation is linearly related to the sound pressure. A laboratory experiment confirmed the basic principles, and estimates of signal-to-noise ratio suggest that the technique will work in the open ocean. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Naugolnykh, Konstantin] Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU U.S. Navy FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Navy. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096038 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096038 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM9BA UT WOS:000357998900001 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Park, GH Kim, D Lee, K Feely, RA Millero, FJ AF Kim, Tae-Wook Park, Geun-Ha Kim, Dongseon Lee, Kitack Feely, Richard A. Millero, Frank J. TI Seasonal variations in the aragonite saturation state in the upper open-ocean waters of the North Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE North Pacific Ocean; aragonite saturation state; ocean acidification; fossil fuel CO2; mutiple linear regression ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SURFACE OCEAN; ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER; ACID; VARIABILITY AB Seasonal variability of the aragonite saturation state ((AR)) in the upper (50m and 100m depths) North Pacific Ocean (NPO) was investigated using multiple linear regression (MLR). The MLR algorithm derived from a high-quality carbon data set accurately predicted the (AR) of evaluation data sets (three time series stations and P02 section) with acceptable uncertainty (<0.1(AR)). The algorithm was combined with seasonal climatology data, and the estimated (AR) varied in the range of 0.4-0.6 in the midlatitude western NPO, with the largest variation found for the tropical eastern NPO. These marked variations were largely controlled by seasonal changes in vertical mixing and thermocline depth, both of which determine the degree of entrainment of CO2-rich corrosive waters from deeper depths. Our MLR-based subsurface (AR) climatology is complementary to surface climatology based on pCO(2) measurements. C1 [Kim, Tae-Wook; Kim, Dongseon] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Marine Chem & Geochem Div, Ansan, South Korea. [Park, Geun-Ha] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, East Sea Res Inst, Uljin, South Korea. [Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kim, TW (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Marine Chem & Geochem Div, Ansan, South Korea. EM twkim@kiost.ac RI Kim, Tae-Wook/E-9611-2011 OI Kim, Tae-Wook/0000-0002-4236-0720 FU Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology [PE99246/99201]; Basic Science Research Program [2012R1A6A3A04038883]; Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea; Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (MOF); NRF; MOF; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program; National Science Foundation; NOAA; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [4288] FX This work was supported by Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (PE99246/99201) and Basic Science Research Program (2012R1A6A3A04038883) funded by Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea. Partial support was provided by "Development of satellite based ocean carbon flux model for seas around Korea" funded by the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (MOF). Partial support for K.L. was provided by Global Research Project funded by the NRF and "Management of marine organisms causing ecological disturbance and harmful effects" funded by the MOF. R.A.F. was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program. F.J.M. and R.A.F. acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation and the NOAA for supporting our ocean carbon studies. Contribution number 4288 from the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4498 EP 4506 DI 10.1002/2015GL063602 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200031 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Kumar, A Huang, BH AF Zhu, Jieshun Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua TI The relationship between thermocline depth and SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonality and decadal variations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thermocline; SST; seasonality; decadal variation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ENSO PREDICTION SKILL; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LA-NINA; OCEAN; MODEL; SYSTEM; RESOLUTION AB Even though the vital role of thermocline fluctuation in El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle has been established previously, the direct relationship between the thermocline depth and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific is yet to be fully understood, especially its seasonality. Thermocline depth anomalies have been found to lead SST anomalies in time with a longitude-dependent delay, but our study also suggests that the relationship shows considerable seasonal dependency and is strongest (weakest) during the boreal spring (summer). Over the eastern equatorial Pacific where there is least delay (compared to that in the western and central Pacific), the connection between thermocline and SST is the weakest during the boreal spring. This feature may be one of causes for ENSO spring persistence barrier. Furthermore, the thermocline-SST connections exhibit significant decadal variations, which are remarkably consistent with the decadal changes in the persistence barrier of SST anomalies over the eastern Pacific. It is also found that the decadal shift in the timing of the thermocline-SST connection barrier is caused by the changes in the seasonal cycle of tropical trade winds and thermocline depths. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jieshun.zhu@noaa.gov OI Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G]; NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division FX We thank NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division for their support. B.H. is supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). All data used in the paper are generated from sources expressed in the respective references. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4507 EP 4515 DI 10.1002/2015GL064220 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200032 ER PT J AU Guo, H Golaz, JC Donner, LJ Wyman, B Zhao, M Ginoux, P AF Guo, H. Golaz, J. -C. Donner, L. J. Wyman, B. Zhao, M. Ginoux, P. TI CLUBB as a unified cloud parameterization: Opportunities and challenges SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE unified parameterization; CLUBB ID PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; 3RD-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURES; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PDF-BASED MODEL; PART I; TESTS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB CLUBB (Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals) is a higher-order closure (HOC) method with an assumed joint probability density function (PDF) for the subgrid variations in vertical velocity, temperature, and moisture. CLUBB has been implemented in the atmospheric component (AM3) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model AM3-CLUBB and successfully unifies the treatment of shallow convection, resolved clouds, and planetary boundary layer (PBL). In this study, we further explore the possibility for CLUBB to unify the deep convection in a new configuration referred as AM3-CLUBB+. AM3-CLUBB+ simulations with prescribed sea surface temperature are discussed. Cloud, radiation, and precipitation fields compare favorably with observations and reanalyses. AM3-CLUBB+ successfully captures the transition from stratocumulus to deep convection and the modulated response of liquid water path to aerosols. Simulations of tropical variability and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) are also improved. Deficiencies include excessive tropical water vapor and insufficient ice clouds in the midlatitudes. C1 [Guo, H.; Zhao, M.] NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Golaz, J. -C.; Donner, L. J.; Wyman, B.; Ginoux, P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM huan.guo@noaa.gov RI Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX H. Guo is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects. We acknowledge Vincent E. Larson and his group for their continuing support of the CLUBB parameterization which is publicly available at http://clubb.larson-group.com. We thank Hugh Morrison and Andrew Gettelman for their two-moment microphysics source code. The GFDL AM3 source code is available publicly (http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/am3). Outputs from the simulations discussed here are available upon request. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4540 EP 4547 DI 10.1002/2015GL063672 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200036 ER PT J AU Hossaini, R Chipperfield, MP Saiz-Lopez, A Harrison, JJ von Glasow, R Sommariva, R Atlas, E Navarro, M Montzka, SA Feng, W Dhomse, S Harth, C Muhle, J Lunder, C O'Doherty, S Young, D Reimann, S Vollmer, MK Krummel, PB Bernath, PF AF Hossaini, R. Chipperfield, M. P. Saiz-Lopez, A. Harrison, J. J. von Glasow, R. Sommariva, R. Atlas, E. Navarro, M. Montzka, S. A. Feng, W. Dhomse, S. Harth, C. Muehle, J. Lunder, C. O'Doherty, S. Young, D. Reimann, S. Vollmer, M. K. Krummel, P. B. Bernath, P. F. TI Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dichloromethane; VSLS; ozone; stratosphere; Montreal Protocol; phosgene ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; OZONE LOSS; BROMINE; TRANSPORT; HCL; BROMOCARBONS; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 mml:msubsup mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for approximate to 83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric increased by approximate to 52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7pptCl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH(2)Cl(2)the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. C1 [Hossaini, R.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Saiz-Lopez, A.] CSIC, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Atmospher Chem & Climate Grp, Madrid, Spain. [Harrison, J. J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [von Glasow, R.; Sommariva, R.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Atlas, E.; Navarro, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Montzka, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Feng, W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Harth, C.; Muehle, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lunder, C.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Monitoring & Informat Technol Dept, Kjeller, Norway. [O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Reimann, S.; Vollmer, M. K.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO Aspendale, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Hossaini, R (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM r.hossaini@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Harrison, Jeremy/L-1073-2016; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009 OI Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Harrison, Jeremy/0000-0001-5530-7104; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/J02449X/1, NE/J022780/1]; NASA (USA); DECC (UK); NOAA (USA); CSIRO (Australia); BoM (Australia); Empa (Switzerland); NILU (Norway) FX We thank the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for funding through the TropHAL project (NE/J02449X/1 and NE/J022780/1). We thank Ron Prinn, Ray Weiss, and their AGAGE colleagues for data access. AGAGE is supported principally by NASA (USA) grants to MIT and SIO and also by DECC (UK) and NOAA (USA) grants to Bristol University; CSIRO and BoM (Australia); Empa (Switzerland); and NILU (Norway). S.A.M. acknowledges the technical assistance of C. Siso, B. Miller, and B. Hall and support, in part, from NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 Program. The ACE mission is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. R.H. thanks D. Fahey and R. Gao for useful discussion. Model output data presented here are available on request. Surface observation data are given in the supporting information. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4573 EP 4580 DI 10.1002/2015GL063783 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200040 ER PT J AU Forrister, H Liu, J Scheuer, E Dibb, J Ziemba, L Thornhill, KL Anderson, B Diskin, G Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Palm, BB Jimenez, JL Nenes, A Weber, RJ AF Forrister, Haviland Liu, Jiumeng Scheuer, Eric Dibb, Jack Ziemba, Luke Thornhill, Kenneth L. Anderson, Bruce Diskin, Glenn Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Palm, Brett B. Jimenez, Jose L. Nenes, Athanasios Weber, Rodney J. TI Evolution of brown carbon in wildfire plumes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brown carbon; biomass burning; lifetime; plume evolution; photooxidation; bleaching ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; SOLAR-RADIATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SECONDARY; COMBUSTION AB Particulate brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere absorbs light at subvisible wavelengths and has poorly constrained but potentially large climate forcing impacts. BrC from biomass burning has virtually unknown lifecycle and atmospheric stability. Here, BrC emitted from intense wildfires was measured in plumes transported over 2days from two main fires, during the 2013 NASA SEAC4RS mission. Concurrent measurements of organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) mass concentration, BC coating thickness, absorption angstrom ngstrom exponent, and OA oxidation state reveal that the initial BrC emitted from the fires was largely unstable. Using back trajectories to estimate the transport time indicates that BrC aerosol light absorption decayed in the plumes with a half-life of 9 to 15 h, measured over day and night. Although most BrC was lost within a day, possibly through chemical loss and/or evaporation, the remaining persistent fraction likely determines the background BrC levels most relevant for climate forcing. C1 [Forrister, Haviland; Liu, Jiumeng; Nenes, Athanasios; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Scheuer, Eric; Dibb, Jack] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ziemba, Luke; Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Anderson, Bruce; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biogeochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu RI Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU GIT NASA [NNX12AB83G, NNX14AP74G]; UNH NASA [NNX12AB80G]; NASA [NNX12AC03G] FX All data used in this paper were collected as part of the NASA SEAC4RS mission and became available to the general public on 15 October 2014 through the NASA data archive. This project was funded by GIT NASA contracts NNX12AB83G and NNX14AP74G and UNH NASA contract NNX12AB80G. P.C.J., D.A.D., and J.L.J. were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 11 U2 83 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4623 EP 4630 DI 10.1002/2015GL063897 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CM2LI UT WOS:000357511200046 ER PT J AU Davis, RD Lance, S Gordon, JA Tolbert, MA AF Davis, Ryan D. Lance, Sara Gordon, Joshua A. Tolbert, Margaret A. TI Long Working-Distance Optical Trap for in Situ Analysis of Contact-Induced Phase Transformations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE; ELECTRODYNAMIC BALANCE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SINGLE-PARTICLE; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; WATER; DELIQUESCENCE; EFFLORESCENCE AB A novel optical trapping technique is described that combines an upward propagating Gaussian beam and a downward propagating Bessel beam. Using this optical arrangement and an on-demand droplet generator makes it possible to rapidly and reliably trap particles with a wide range Of particle diameters (similar to 1.5-2.5 mu m), in addition to crystalline particles, without the need to adjust the optical configuration. Additionally, a new image analysis technique is described to detect particle phase transitions using a template-based autocorrelation of imaged far-field elastically scattered laser light. The image analysis allows subtle changes in particle characteristics to be quantified. The instrumental capabilities are validated with observations of deliquescence and homogeneous efflorescence of well-studied inorganic salts. Then, a novel collision-based approach to seeded crystal growth is described in which seed crystals are delivered to levitated aqueous droplets via a nitrogen gas flow. To our knowledge, this is the first account of contact-induced phase changes being studied in an optical trap. This instrument offers a novel and simple analytical technique for in situ measurements and observations of phase changes and crystal growth processes relevant to atmospheric Science, industrial crystallization, pharmaceuticals, and many other fields. C1 [Davis, Ryan D.; Lance, Sara; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Ryan D.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gordon, Joshua A.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ryan.Davis-1@colorado.edu; tolbert@colorado.edu FU CIRES; NASA [NNX13AN69H]; NOAA FX The funding for this work was provided by the CIRES Innovative Research Program. R.D.D. acknowledges a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX13AN69H). S.L. acknowledges support from the NOAA climate and air quality programs. The authors thank Alex Moyer for his early experimental contributions to the project, Dan Murphy and the NOAA Chemical Sciences Division for equipment, and Shuichi Ushijima for assistance with the experiment shown in Figure S3. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 12 BP 6186 EP 6194 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00809 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CL2DZ UT WOS:000356755100046 PM 25961113 ER PT J AU Haddad, ZS Steward, JL Tseng, HC Vukicevic, T Chen, SH Hristova-Veleva, S AF Haddad, Z. S. Steward, J. L. Tseng, H. -C. Vukicevic, T. Chen, S. -H. Hristova-Veleva, S. TI A data assimilation technique to account for the nonlinear dependence of scattering microwave observations of precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE precipitation; data assimilation; microwave ID SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; CLOUD; IMPLEMENTATION; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Satellite microwave observations of rain, whether from radar or passive radiometers, depend in a very crucial way on the vertical distribution of the condensed water mass and on the types and sizes of the hydrometeors in the volume resolved by the instrument. This crucial dependence is nonlinear, with different types and orders of nonlinearity that are due to differences in the absorption/emission and scattering signatures at the different instrument frequencies. Because it is not monotone as a function of the underlying condensed water mass, the nonlinearity requires great care in its representation in the observation operator, as the inevitable uncertainties in the numerous precipitation variables are not directly convertible into an additive white uncertainty in the forward calculated observations. In particular, when attempting to assimilate such data into a cloud-permitting model, special care needs to be applied to describe and quantify the expected uncertainty in the observations operator in order not to turn the implicit white additive uncertainty on the input values into complicated biases in the calculated radiances. One approach would be to calculate the means and covariances of the nonlinearly calculated radiances given an a priori joint distribution for the input variables. This would be a very resource-intensive proposal if performed in real time. We propose a representation of the observation operator based on performing this moment calculation off line, with a dimensionality reduction step to allow for the effective calculation of the observation operator and the associated covariance in real time during the assimilation. The approach is applicable to other remotely sensed observations that depend nonlinearly on model variables, including wind vector fields. The approach has been successfully applied to the case of tropical cyclones, where the organization of the system helps in identifying the dimensionality-reducing variables. C1 [Haddad, Z. S.; Steward, J. L.; Hristova-Veleva, S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Haddad, Z. S.; Steward, J. L.; Hristova-Veleva, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tseng, H. -C.; Chen, S. -H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vukicevic, T.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL USA. RP Haddad, ZS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM zhaddad@jifresse.ucla.edu RI Chen, Hua/B-7664-2014 OI Chen, Hua/0000-0002-9493-6939 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project. The TRMM data and our forward simulations can be found at http://trmm.jpl.nasa.gov/2015JD023107_data/. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 11 BP 5548 EP 5563 DI 10.1002/2015JD023107 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL5BV UT WOS:000356975700016 ER PT J AU Davis, TW Bullerjahn, GS Tuttle, T McKay, RM Watson, SB AF Davis, Timothy W. Bullerjahn, George S. Tuttle, Taylor McKay, Robert Michael Watson, Susan B. TI Effects of Increasing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations on Phytoplankton Community Growth and Toxicity During Planktothrix Blooms in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; WESTERN BASIN; FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA; DREISSENID MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; ALGAL BLOOM; MICROCYSTIS; DOMINANCE; EUTROPHICATION AB Sandusky Bay experiences annual toxic cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Planktothrix agardhii/suspensa. To further understand the environmental drivers of these events, we evaluated changes in the growth response and toxicity of the Planktothrix-dominated blooms to nutrient amendments with orthophosphate (PO4) and inorganic and organic forms of dissolved nitrogen (N; ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3) and urea) over the bloom season (June October). We complemented these with a metagenomic analysis of the planktonic microbial community. Our results showed that bloom growth and microcystin (MC) concentrations responded more frequently to additions of dissolved N than PO4, and that the dual addition of NH4 + PO4 and Urea + PO4 yielded the highest MC concentrations in 54% of experiments. Metagenomic analysis confirmed that P. agardhii/suspensa was the primary MC producer. The phylogenetic distribution of nifH revealed that both heterocystous cyanobacteria and heterotrophic proteobacteria had the genetic potential for N-2 fixation in Sandusky Bay. These results suggest that as best management practices are developed for P reductions in Sandusky Bay, managers must be aware of the negative implications of not managing N loading into this system as N may significantly impact cyanobacterial bloom size and toxicity. C1 [Davis, Timothy W.; Watson, Susan B.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada. [Bullerjahn, George S.; Tuttle, Taylor; McKay, Robert Michael] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Davis, TW (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM timothy.davis@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 22 U2 251 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 12 BP 7197 EP 7207 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00799 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL2EA UT WOS:000356755200013 PM 25992592 ER PT J AU Schaefer, M Goldman, E Bartuska, AM Sutton-Grier, A Lubchenco, J AF Schaefer, Mark Goldman, Erica Bartuska, Ann M. Sutton-Grier, Ariana Lubchenco, Jane TI Nature as capital: Advancing and incorporating ecosystem services in United States federal policies and programs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; natural capital; environmental policy; US federal agencies AB The concept of nature as capital is gaining visibility in policies and practices in both the public and private sectors. This change is due to an improved ability to assess and value ecosystem services, as well as to a growing recognition of the potential of an ecosystem services approach to make tradeoffs in decision making more transparent, inform efficient use of resources, enhance resilience and sustainability, and avoid unintended negative consequences of policy actions. Globally, governments, financial institutions, and corporations have begun to incorporate natural capital accounting in their policies and practices. In the United States, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and federal agencies are actively collaborating to develop and apply ecosystem services concepts to further national environmental and economic objectives. Numerous federal agencies have begun incorporating these concepts into land use planning, water resources management, and preparations for, and responses to, climate change. Going forward, well-defined policy direction will be necessary to institutionalize ecosystem services approaches in federal agencies, as well as to guide intersector and interdisciplinary collaborative research and development efforts. In addition, a new generation of decision support tools are needed to further the practical application of ecosystem services principles in policymaking and commercial activities. Improved performance metrics are needed, as are mechanisms to monitor the status of ecosystem services and assess the environmental and economic impacts of policies and programs. A greater national and international financial commitment to advancing ecosystem services and natural capital accounting would likely have broad, long-term economic and environmental benefits. C1 [Schaefer, Mark] Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Sci & Technol Innovat Program, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Goldman, Erica] COMPASS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bartuska, Ann M.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lubchenco, Jane] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schaefer, M (reprint author), Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Sci & Technol Innovat Program, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM markschaefer24@msn.com OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 24 BP 7383 EP 7389 DI 10.1073/pnas.1420500112 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK5GS UT WOS:000356251800032 PM 26082544 ER PT J AU Yuan, S Kuhns, PL Reyes, AP Brooks, JS Hoch, MJR Srivastava, V James, RD El-Khatib, S Leighton, C AF Yuan, S. Kuhns, P. L. Reyes, A. P. Brooks, J. S. Hoch, M. J. R. Srivastava, V. James, R. D. El-Khatib, S. Leighton, C. TI Magnetically nanostructured state in a Ni-Mn-Sn shape-memory alloy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEUSLER ALLOYS; TRANSITION METALS; NI2MNGA; TRANSFORMATIONS; RELAXATION AB For certain compositions Ni-Mn-Sn and related magnetic shape-memory alloys undergo a martensitic transition at temperatures in the range 300-400 K, with the emergence of novel magnetic properties below the transition. While Ni50Mn50 is an antiferromagnet, substitution of Sn on some fraction of the Mn sites in Ni50Mn50-xSnx leads to competing ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) phases at low temperatures. Details of this magnetic phase coexistence are, however, significantly lacking, particularly with respect to the AF phase. The present investigations use zero applied magnetic field Mn-55 NMR as a local probe of the magnetic properties of the alloy Ni50Mn50-xSnx with x = 10. Rich multipeak spectra are observed, and the various components are definitively assigned to nanoscale F or AF regions. Measurements of the static nuclear hyperfine field distributions as a function of temperature, and in small applied fields, together with nuclear relaxation rates provide detailed information on the size distributions, relative concentrations, and physical natures of these F and AF regions. The results show that the nanoscale magnetic features of the x = 10 system are substantially more complex than previous studies have suggested. We argue that the general approach used in these experiments is applicable to other such complex metal alloys, and could yield many additional insights. C1 [Yuan, S.; Kuhns, P. L.; Reyes, A. P.; Brooks, J. S.; Hoch, M. J. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Brooks, J. S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Srivastava, V.; James, R. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [El-Khatib, S.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Hoch, MJR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM hoch@magnet.fsu.edu FU NSF [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; NSF-DMR [1309146]; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER46275]; AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-12-1-0458]; NSF-PIRE [OISE-0967140]; ONR [N00014-14-1-0714] FX The work at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by NSF DMR-1157490 and by the State of Florida. J.S.B. received funding from NSF-DMR 1309146. Work at UMN in C.L.'s group supported by DOE under Award DE-FG02-06ER46275. Work at UMN in R.D.J.'s group supported by AFOSR-MURI (FA9550-12-1-0458), NSF-PIRE (OISE-0967140), and ONR (N00014-14-1-0714). The assistance of Dr. Daniel Phelan with sample fabrication is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 21 AR 214421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.214421 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CK4TA UT WOS:000356214900002 ER PT J AU Anderson, BE Sosa-Martinez, H Riofrio, CA Deutsch, IH Jessen, PS AF Anderson, B. E. Sosa-Martinez, H. Riofrio, C. A. Deutsch, Ivan H. Jessen, Poul S. TI Accurate and Robust Unitary Transformations of a High-Dimensional Quantum System SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; DESIGN AB Unitary transformations are the most general input-output maps available in closed quantum systems. Good control protocols have been developed for qubits, but questions remain about the use of optimal control theory to design unitary maps in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and about the feasibility of their robust implementation in the laboratory. Here we design and implement unitary maps in a 16-dimensional Hilbert space associated with the 6S(1/2) ground state of Cs-133, achieving fidelities > 0.98 with built-in robustness to static and dynamic perturbations. Our work has relevance for quantum information processing and provides a template for similar advances on other physical platforms. C1 [Anderson, B. E.; Sosa-Martinez, H.; Jessen, Poul S.] Univ Arizona, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Sosa-Martinez, H.; Jessen, Poul S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Anderson, B. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, B. E.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, B. E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Riofrio, C. A.; Deutsch, Ivan H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Riofrio, C. A.] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Anderson, BE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Jessen, Poul/A-5433-2009; Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009 OI Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1212308, PHY-1212445, PHY-1307520]; European Union FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grants No. PHY-1212308, No. PHY-1212445, and No. PHY-1307520. C. A. R. acknowledges support from the European Union (SIQS, RAQUEL, COST). NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 24 AR 240401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.240401 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK4VI UT WOS:000356221000001 PM 26196968 ER PT J AU Natterer, FD Zhao, Y Wyrick, J Chan, YH Ruan, WY Chou, MY Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Natterer, Fabian D. Zhao, Yue Wyrick, Jonathan Chan, Yang-Hao Ruan, Wen-Ying Chou, Mei-Yin Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Strong Asymmetric Charge Carrier Dependence in Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene Phonons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BASIS-SET; GRAPHITE; MICROSCOPE; DYNAMICS; METALS AB The observation of phonons in graphene by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy has been met with limited success in previous measurements arising from weak signals and other spectral features which inhibit a clear distinction between phonons and miscellaneous excitations. Utilizing a back-gated graphene device that allows adjusting the global charge carrier density, we introduce an averaging method where individual tunneling spectra at varying charge carrier density are combined into one representative spectrum. This method improves the signal for inelastic transitions while it suppresses dispersive spectral features. We thereby map the total graphene phonon density of states, in good agreement with density functional calculations. Unexpectedly, an abrupt change in the phonon intensity is observed when the graphene charge carrier type is switched through a variation of the back-gate electrode potential. This sudden variation in phonon intensity is asymmetric in the carrier type, depending on the sign of the tunneling bias. C1 [Natterer, Fabian D.; Zhao, Yue; Wyrick, Jonathan; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yue] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chan, Yang-Hao; Chou, Mei-Yin] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Ruan, Wen-Ying; Chou, Mei-Yin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Zhitenev, NB (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014; Chou, Mei-Yin/D-3898-2012; TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011; Natterer, Fabian Donat/I-4016-2012 OI WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119; Natterer, Fabian Donat/0000-0002-2488-5988 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Research Council Fellowship; Swiss National Science Foundation [148891, 158468]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DEFG02-97ER45632]; Thematic Project at Academia Sinica FX Y. Z. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. J. W. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Fellowship. F. D. N. greatly appreciates support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under Projects No. 148891 and No. 158468. Theoretical work at Georgia Tech is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DEFG02-97ER45632. Y.-H. C. is supported by a Thematic Project at Academia Sinica. We thank Mark Stiles, Leonid Levitov, and Mats Persson for valuable discussions and Steve Blankenship and Allan Band for their technical contributions to this project. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 24 AR 245502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.245502 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK4VI UT WOS:000356221000005 PM 26196985 ER PT J AU David, A Fini, PT Houser, KW Ohno, Y Royer, MP Smet, KAG Wei, M Whitehead, L AF David, Aurelien Fini, Paul T. Houser, Kevin W. Ohno, Yoshi Royer, Michael P. Smet, Kevin A. G. Wei, Minchen Whitehead, Lorne TI Development of the IES method for evaluating the color rendition of light sources SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LAMPS; QUALITY; WHITE; CHROMATICITY; ILLUMINATION AB We have developed a two-measure system for evaluating light sources' color rendition that builds upon conceptual progress of numerous researchers over the last two decades. The system quantifies the color fidelity and color gamut (change in object chroma) of a light source in comparison to a reference illuminant. The calculations are based on a newly developed set of reflectance data from real samples uniformly distributed in color space (thereby fairly representing all colors) and in wavelength space (thereby precluding artificial optimization of the color rendition scores by spectral engineering). The color fidelity score R-f is an improved version of the CIE color rendering index. The color gamut score R-g is an improved version of the Gamut Area Index. In combination, they provide two complementary assessments to guide the optimization of future light sources. This method summarizes the findings of the Color Metric Task Group of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES). It is adopted in the upcoming IES TM-30-2015, and is proposed for consideration with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [David, Aurelien] Soraa Inc, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. [Fini, Paul T.] Cree Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Houser, Kevin W.; Wei, Minchen] Penn State Univ, Dept Architectural Engn, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Ohno, Yoshi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Royer, Michael P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Smet, Kevin A. G.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT, Light & Lighting Lab, B-3000 Ghent, Belgium. [Whitehead, Lorne] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP David, A (reprint author), Soraa Inc, 6500 Kaiser Dr, Fremont, CA 94555 USA. EM aurelien.david@polytechnique.org RI Wei, Minchen/G-7610-2012; Smet, Kevin/M-2610-2013; OI Wei, Minchen/0000-0002-0045-3160; Smet, Kevin/0000-0003-3825-6274; Houser, Kevin/0000-0001-6097-1560 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 12 BP 15888 EP 15906 DI 10.1364/OE.23.015888 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL4DJ UT WOS:000356902500075 PM 26193567 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Glebov, BL Pintar, AL Migdall, AL AF Levine, Zachary H. Glebov, Boris L. Pintar, Adam L. Migdall, Alan L. TI Absolute calibration of a variable attenuator using few-photon pulses SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NUMBER-RESOLVING DETECTORS; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSOR; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate the ability to calibrate a variable optical attenuator directly at the few-photon level using a superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES). Because of the inherent linearity of photon-number resolving detection, no external calibrations are required, even for the energy of the laser pulses, which ranged from means of 0.15 to 18 photons per pulse at the detector. To verify this method, calibrations were compared to an independent conventional calibration made at much higher photon fluxes using analog detectors. In all cases, the attenuations estimated by the two methods agree within their uncertainties. Our few-photon measurement determined attenuations using the Poisson-Influenced K-Means Algorithm (PIKA) to extract mean numbers of photons per pulse along with the uncertainties of these means. The robustness of the method is highlighted by the agreement of the two calibrations even in the presence of significant drifts in the optical power over the course of the experiment. Work of the United States Government. Not subject to copyright. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Glebov, Boris L.; Pintar, Adam L.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glebov, Boris L.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 12 BP 16372 EP 16382 DI 10.1364/OE.23.016372 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL4DJ UT WOS:000356902500118 PM 26193610 ER PT J AU Khalsa, G Stiles, MD Grollier, J AF Khalsa, Guru Stiles, M. D. Grollier, J. TI Critical current and linewidth reduction in spin-torque nano-oscillators by delayed self-injection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MICROWAVE GENERATION; POLARIZED CURRENT; PHASE-LOCKING; DRIVEN; EMISSION; DEVICES AB Based on theoretical models, the dynamics of spin-torque nano-oscillators can be substantially modified by re-injecting the emitted signal to the input of the oscillator after some delay. Numerical simulations for vortex magnetic tunnel junctions show that with reasonable parameters this approach can decrease critical currents as much as 25% and linewidths by a factor of 4. Analytical calculations, which agree well with simulations, demonstrate that these results can be generalized to any kind of spin-torque oscillator. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Khalsa, Guru; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grollier, J.] Unite Mixte Phys CNRS Thales, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. [Grollier, J.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Khalsa, G (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guru.khalsa@nist.gov RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 FU European Research Council [259068] FX J.G. would like to acknowledge Vincent Cros, Eva Grimaldi, Romain Lebrun, and Sumito Tsunegi for fruitful discussions. J.G. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council, Grant No. 259068. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 24 AR 242402 DI 10.1063/1.4922740 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CL0GK UT WOS:000356618700023 ER PT J AU White, TC Mutus, JY Hoi, IC Barends, R Campbell, B Chen, Y Chen, Z Chiaro, B Dunsworth, A Jeffrey, E Kelly, J Megrant, A Neill, C O'Malley, PJJ Roushan, P Sank, D Vainsencher, A Wenner, J Chaudhuri, S Gao, J Martinis, JM AF White, T. C. Mutus, J. Y. Hoi, I. -C. Barends, R. Campbell, B. Chen, Yu Chen, Z. Chiaro, B. Dunsworth, A. Jeffrey, E. Kelly, J. Megrant, A. Neill, C. O'Malley, P. J. J. Roushan, P. Sank, D. Vainsencher, A. Wenner, J. Chaudhuri, S. Gao, J. Martinis, John M. TI Traveling wave parametric amplifier with Josephson junctions using minimal resonator phase matching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-NOISE; AMPLIFICATION; BAND; CIRCUITS; ARRAYS AB Josephson parametric amplifiers have become a critical tool in superconducting device physics due to their high gain and quantum-limited noise. Traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) promise similar noise performance, while allowing for significant increases in both bandwidth and dynamic range. We present a TWPA device based on an LC-ladder transmission line of Josephson junctions and parallel plate capacitors using low-loss amorphous silicon dielectric. Crucially, we have inserted lambda/4 resonators at regular intervals along the transmission line in order to maintain the phase matching condition between pump, signal, and idler and increase gain. We achieve an average gain of 12 dB across a 4 GHz span, along with an average saturation power of -92 dBm with noise approaching the quantum limit. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [White, T. C.; Mutus, J. Y.; Hoi, I. -C.; Barends, R.; Campbell, B.; Chen, Yu; Chen, Z.; Chiaro, B.; Dunsworth, A.; Jeffrey, E.; Kelly, J.; Megrant, A.; Neill, C.; O'Malley, P. J. J.; Roushan, P.; Sank, D.; Vainsencher, A.; Wenner, J.; Martinis, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Megrant, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chaudhuri, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP White, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM martinis@physics.ucsb.edu FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0334]; NSF FX This work was supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office Grant W911NF-10-1-0334. All statements of fact, opinion, or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, the ODNI, or the U.S. Government. Devices were made at the UC Santa Barbara Nanofabrication Facility, a part of the NSF-funded National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, and at the NanoStructures Cleanroom Facility. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 24 AR 242601 DI 10.1063/1.4922348 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CL0GK UT WOS:000356618700027 ER PT J AU Bernard, F McGillen, MR Fleming, EL Jackman, CH Burkholder, JB AF Bernard, Francois McGillen, Max R. Fleming, Eric L. Jackman, Charles H. Burkholder, James B. TI CBrF3 (Halon-1301): UV absorption spectrum between 210 and 320 K, atmospheric lifetime, and ozone depletion potential SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bromotrifluoromethane; ozone depletion potential; UV absorption spectrum; temperature dependence; photolysis lifetime ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET; METHANE; IMPACT; PHASE; BR AB CBrF3 (Halon-1301) is a man-made ozone depleting substance that is a major source of bromine in the Earth's stratosphere. Halon-1301 is predominantly removed from the atmosphere by UV photolysis in the stratosphere at wavelengths between 200 and 225 nm. The existing level of uncertainty in the Halon-1301 UV absorption spectrum temperature-dependence directly impacts the ability to model stratospheric ozone chemistry and climate change. In this work, the UV absorption spectrum of Halon-1301 between 195 and 235 nm was measured over the temperature range 210-320 K. An empirical parameterization of the spectrum and its temperature dependence is presented. The present results are critically compared with results from previous studies and the current recommendation for use in atmospheric models. A global annually averaged lifetime for Halon-1301 of 74.6 (73.7-75.5) years was calculated using a 2-D atmospheric model and the present results. The range of lifetimes given in parenthesis represents the possible values due solely to the 2 sigma uncertainty in the Halon-1301 UV spectrum obtained in this work. In addition, the CBrF3 ozone depletion potential was calculated using the 2-D model to be 18.6 (+/- 0.1) using the UV spectrum and 2 sigma uncertainty from this work. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 306 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.03.012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CK3JJ UT WOS:000356112100002 ER PT J AU Polyansky, OL Bielska, K Ghysels, M Lodi, L Zobov, NF Hodges, JT Tennyson, J AF Polyansky, Oleg L. Bielska, Katarzyna Ghysels, Melanie Lodi, Lorenzo Zobov, Nikolai F. Hodges, Joseph T. Tennyson, Jonathan TI High-Accuracy CO2 Line Intensities Determined from Theory and Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1.6 MU-M; CAVITY RING; 1500 K; SPECTROSCOPY; CM(-1); MOLECULE; NETWORK; REGION; LISTS; WATER AB Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are being closely monitored by remote sensing experiments which rely on knowing line intensities with an uncertainty of 0.5% or better. Most available laboratory measurements have uncertainties much larger than this. We report a joint experimental and theoretical study providing rotation-vibration line intensities with the required accuracy. The ab initio calculations are extendible to all atmospherically important bands of CO2 and to its isotologues. As such, they will form the basis for detailed CO2 spectroscopic line lists for future studies. C1 [Polyansky, Oleg L.; Lodi, Lorenzo; Tennyson, Jonathan] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Polyansky, Oleg L.; Zobov, Nikolai F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Bielska, Katarzyna; Ghysels, Melanie; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bielska, Katarzyna] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Polyansky, OL (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014 OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J010316]; ERC [267219]; Russian Fund for Fundamental Studies; Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; State Project IAP RAS [0035-2014-009] FX This work was supported by UK Natural Environment Research Council under Grant No. NE/J010316, ERC Advanced Investigator Project No. 267219, the Russian Fund for Fundamental Studies, and the Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and State Project IAP RAS No. 0035-2014-009. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 24 AR 243001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.243001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK3RH UT WOS:000356132700002 PM 26196972 ER PT J AU Meng, F Cao, CY Shao, X AF Meng, Fei Cao, Changyong Shao, Xi TI Spatio-temporal variability of Suomi-NPP VIIRS-derived aerosol optical thickness over China in 2013 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol optical thickness; VIIRS; China; Variability ID NORTH CHINA; DEPTH; MODIS; TRENDS; CLIMATOLOGY; RETRIEVAL; AERONET; PM10; CITY; ASIA AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm Intermediate Product (IP) data was evaluated by comparing it with measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals. The spatial and temporal variations in the regional AOT over China during 2013 (from 24 January to 31 December) were then firstly investigated using VIIRS aerosol IP data. Evaluation of VIIRS IP AOT with MODIS retrievals and AERONET measurements indicated that the performance of the VIIRS aerosol IP product is comparable to that of their counterparts from the heritage MODIS sensor. However, the VIIRS IP can produce more retrievals than MODIS due to its higher spatial resolution, therefore more suitable for regional AOT study. It was found that the VIIRS IP mean AOT over China differs from that of MODIS by - 0.032 for the collocated retrievals, with a correlation of 0.928. Compared with AERONET measurements, VI1RS IP AOT shows a negative bias of - 0.058 with the standard deviation of the difference of 0.192 over China. Among the 10 typical sites under study, the maximum annual average AOT550 values (with +/- standard deviation) were found in Chengdu (1.07 +/- 032), whereas the lowest annual mean AOT550 values were found in FB1 (0.242 +/- 025). The economically developed regions had high AOT values during all seasons. Based on the distribution of AOT, China can be divided into an economically developed eastern region with high AOT values and less-developed western regions, consistent with the boundary between China's second and third terrain regions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Meng, Fei] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Meng, Fei; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shao, Xi] Suzhou Demeter Environm Corp Ltd, Suzhou, Peoples R China. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413]; Chinese National Key Project [41130525] FX This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413] and the Chinese National Key Project [41130525]. We would like to thank the VIIRS and MODIS teams and AEONET principal investigators. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 163 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CJ8RN UT WOS:000355771300007 ER PT J AU Naik, P Wang, MH D'Sa, EJ Mordy, CW AF Naik, Puneeta Wang, Menghua D'Sa, Eurico J. Mordy, Calvin W. TI Bering Sea optical and biological properties from MODIS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Ocean color remote sensing; Chlorophyll-a algorithm; Water optical and biological properties ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR PRODUCTS; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; INFRARED BANDS; SPRING BLOOM AB The Bering Sea is characterized by unique bio-optical properties, which cause unsatisfactory performance of global ocean color algorithms for retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). This study evaluates the normalized water-leaving radiance nL(w)(lambda) and Chl-a in the eastern Bering Sea that are derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua by comparing them to in situ data. MODIS-Aqua ocean color products were derived using the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level-1 to Level-2 (MSL12) ocean color data processing system. The MODIS-derived nL(w)(lambda) showed good agreement with in situ-measured nL(w)(lambda). The mean ratios between them for wavelengths 412, 443, 488, and 551 nm ranged from 1.097 to 1280, with reasonably accurate blue-green radiance ratios in nL(w)(lambda) that were used as input for deriving Chl-a. However, compared to in situ data, existing global and regional Chl-a algorithms either overestimate or underestimate Chl-a in the eastern Bering Sea. Therefore, we propose a new algorithm for estimating Chl-a using a blended approach that was tested and applied to MODIS-Aqua images. The histogram distributions of MODIS-Aqua-derived and in situ-measured Chl-a data show that Chl-a data derived using the new algorithm agree reasonably well to in situ measurements. Annual, seasonal, and monthly composite nL(w)(lambda) and Chl-a images are produced for the period of 2003 to 2013 in order to interpret the long-term spatial and temporal patterns of nL(w)(lambda) and Chl-a. The nL(w)(lambda) spectra show strong spectral dependence on seasonal variability with distinct spatial patterns. Although strong seasonal and interannual variability has been observed in Chl-a, there is no apparent trend of either increase or decrease in phytoplankton biomass associated with variability in the physical environment for the 11 years of the study period. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Naik, Puneeta; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Naik, Puneeta] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [D'Sa, Eurico J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA [NNX07AR15G, NNX10AP10G]; NSF [0732640, 0732430, 1107250, 0813985]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148] FX Some in situ nLw(lambda) and Chl-a data were from the NASA SeaBASS database. The authors are grateful to the all scientists and investigators who contributed these valuable in situ data. Funding for this project was partially provided by NASA grants NNX07AR15G and NNX10AP10G to E. D'Sa, J. Goes and C. Mouw, NSF grants 0732640, 0732430 and 1107250 to C. Mordy, and NSF grant 0813985 to R. Sonnerup. The authors are grateful to F. Menzia, P. Proctor and E. Wisegarver for analysis of in situ data. The BEST project was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, and is contribution 2269 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2255 to JISAO, contribution 4202 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and BEST-BSIERP publication number 142. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 163 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CJ8RN UT WOS:000355771300021 ER PT J AU Schrijver, CJ Kauristie, K Aylward, AD Denardini, CM Gibson, SE Glover, A Gopalswamy, N Grande, M Hapgood, M Heynderickx, D Jakowski, N Kalegaev, VV Lapenta, G Linker, JA Liu, SP Mandrini, CH Mann, IR Nagatsuma, T Nandy, D Obara, T O'Brien, TP Onsager, T Opgenoorth, HJ Terkildsen, M Valladares, CE Vilmer, N AF Schrijver, Carolus J. Kauristie, Kirsti Aylward, Alan D. Denardini, Clezio M. Gibson, Sarah E. Glover, Alexi Gopalswamy, Nat Grande, Manuel Hapgood, Mike Heynderickx, Daniel Jakowski, Norbert Kalegaev, Vladimir V. Lapenta, Giovanni Linker, Jon A. Liu, Siqing Mandrini, Cristina H. Mann, Ian R. Nagatsuma, Tsutomu Nandy, Dibyendu Obara, Takahiro O'Brien, T. Paul Onsager, Terrance Opgenoorth, Hermann J. Terkildsen, Michael Valladares, Cesar E. Vilmer, Nicole TI Understanding space weather to shield society: A global road map for 2015-2025 commissioned by COSPAR and ILWS SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Space weather; COSPAR/ILWS road map panel ID INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION AB There is a growing appreciation that the environmental conditions that we call space weather impact the technological infrastructure that powers the coupled economies around the world. With that comes the need to better shield society against space weather by improving forecasts, environmental specifications, and infrastructure design. We recognize that much progress has been made and continues to be made with a powerful suite of research observatories on the ground and in space, forming the basis of a Sun Earth system observatory. But the domain of space weather is vast extending from deep within the Sun to far outside the planetary orbits and the physics complex including couplings between various types of physical processes that link scales and domains from the microscopic to large parts of the solar system. Consequently, advanced understanding of space weather requires a coordinated international approach to effectively provide awareness of the processes within the Sun Earth system through observation-driven models. This roadmap prioritizes the scientific focus areas and research infrastructure that are needed to significantly advance our understanding of space weather of all intensities and of its implications for society. Advancement of the existing system observatory through the addition of small to moderate state-of-the-art capabilities designed to fill observational gaps will enable significant advances. Such a strategy requires urgent action: key instrumentation needs to be sustained, and action needs to be taken before core capabilities are lost in the aging ensemble. We recommend advances through priority focus (1) on observation-based modeling throughout the Sun Earth system, (2) on forecasts more than 12 h ahead of the magnetic structure of incoming coronal mass ejections, (3) on understanding the geospace response to variable solar-wind stresses that lead to intense geomagnetically-induced currents and ionospheric and radiation storms, and (4) on developing a comprehensive specification of space climate, including the characterization of extreme space storms to guide resilient and robust engineering of technological infrastructures. The roadmap clusters its implementation recommendations by formulating three action pathways, and outlines needed instrumentation and research programs and infrastructure for each of these. An executive summary provides an overview of all recommendations. (C) 2015 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schrijver, Carolus J.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kauristie, Kirsti] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland. [Aylward, Alan D.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Denardini, Clezio M.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Gibson, Sarah E.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Glover, Alexi] RHEA Syst, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Glover, Alexi] ESA SSA Programme Off, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. [Gopalswamy, Nat] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Grande, Manuel] Aberystwyth Univ, Penglais STY23 3B, Scotland. [Hapgood, Mike] RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Hapgood, Mike] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Heynderickx, Daniel] DH Consultancy BVBA, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Jakowski, Norbert] German Aerosp Ctr, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany. [Kalegaev, Vladimir V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Lapenta, Giovanni] Katholieke Univ Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Linker, Jon A.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Liu, Siqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Mandrini, Cristina H.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mann, Ian R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Nagatsuma, Tsutomu] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Space Weather & Environm Informat Lab, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Nandy, Dibyendu] Ctr Excellence Space Sci, Kolkata 74125, Mohanpur, India. [Nandy, Dibyendu] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Kolkata 74125, Mohanpur, India. Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [O'Brien, T. Paul] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Chantilly, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Onsager, Terrance] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Opgenoorth, Hermann J.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Terkildsen, Michael] Space Weather Serv, Bur Meteorol, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia. [Valladares, Cesar E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02459 USA. [Vilmer, Nicole] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LENA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Schrijver, CJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, 3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM schrijver@lmsal.com RI De Nardin, Clezio/C-4103-2012; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; OI De Nardin, Clezio/0000-0002-3624-2461; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Nagatsuma, Tsutomu/0000-0002-9334-0738; Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2745 EP 2807 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2015.03.023 PG 63 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ3FA UT WOS:000355367600001 ER PT J AU Boone, CT Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Boone, C. T. Shaw, J. M. Nembach, H. T. Silva, T. J. TI Spin-scattering rates in metallic thin films measured by ferromagnetic resonance damping enhanced by spin-pumping SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; OSCILLATOR DRIVEN; MEMORY LOSS; INTERFACES; MODEL; MULTILAYERS; RELAXATION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; TORQUES AB We determined the spin-transport properties of Pd and Pt thin films by measuring the increase in ferromagnetic resonance damping due to spin-pumping in ferromagnetic (FM)-nonferromagnetic metal (NM) multilayers with varying NM thicknesses. The increase in damping with NM thickness depends strongly on both the spin-and charge-transport properties of the NM, as modeled by diffusion equations that include both momentum-and spin-scattering parameters. We use the analytical solution to the spin-diffusion equations to obtain spin-diffusion lengths for Pt and Pd. By measuring the dependence of conductivity on NM thickness, we correlate the charge-and spin-transport parameters, and validate the applicability of various models for momentum-scattering and spin-scattering rates in these systems: constant, inverse-proportional (Dyakanov-Perel), and linear-proportional (Elliot-Yafet). We confirm previous reports that the spin-scattering time appears to be shorter than the momentum scattering time in Pt, and the Dyakanov-Perel-like model is the best fit to the data. C1 [Boone, C. T.; Shaw, J. M.; Nembach, H. T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Boone, CT (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associates program FX We acknowledge helpful conversations with Mark Stiles and Mathias Weiler. CTB acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associates program. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 22 AR 223910 DI 10.1063/1.4922581 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CK4FD UT WOS:000356176100020 ER PT J AU Hussey, NE Kessel, ST Aarestrup, K Cooke, SJ Cowley, PD Fisk, AT Harcourt, RG Holland, KN Iverson, SJ Kocik, JF Flemming, JEM Whoriskey, FG AF Hussey, Nigel E. Kessel, Steven T. Aarestrup, Kim Cooke, Steven J. Cowley, Paul D. Fisk, Aaron T. Harcourt, Robert G. Holland, Kim N. Iverson, Sara J. Kocik, John F. Flemming, Joanna E. Mills Whoriskey, Fred G. TI Aquatic animal telemetry: A panoramic window into the underwater world SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID STELLER SEA LIONS; MARINE PREDATOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; BLUEFIN TUNA; HABITAT USE; SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; PACIFIC SALMON; WHITE SHARKS AB The distribution and interactions of aquatic organisms across space and time structure our marine, freshwater, and estuarine ecosystems. Over the past decade, technological advances in telemetry have transformed our ability to observe aquatic animal behavior and movement. These advances are now providing unprecedented ecological insights by connecting animal movements with measures of their physiology and environment. These developments are revolutionizing the scope and scale of questions that can be asked about the causes and consequences of movement and are redefining how we view and manage individuals, populations, and entire ecosystems. The next advance in aquatic telemetry will be the development of a global collaborative effort to facilitate infrastructure and data sharing and management over scales not previously possible. C1 [Hussey, Nigel E.; Kessel, Steven T.; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Aarestrup, Kim] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cowley, Paul D.] South African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Harcourt, Robert G.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.; Whoriskey, Fred G.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Ocean Tracking Network, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Kocik, John F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Flemming, Joanna E. Mills] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Iverson, SJ (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Ocean Tracking Network, 1355 Oxford Rd, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM sara.iverson@dal.ca RI Hussey, Nigel/F-9699-2015; Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Financial and logistical support for this work was provided to the Ocean Tracking Network's International Scientific Advisory Committee through funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank J. Landry and T. Rounds for administrative assistance in assembling the telemetry databases. NR 101 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 28 U2 62 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 12 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6240 AR 1255642 DI 10.1126/science.1255642 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK2AK UT WOS:000356011500043 PM 26068859 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Osborn, WA Shaw, GA AF Gates, Richard S. Osborn, William A. Shaw, Gordon A. TI Accurate flexural spring constant calibration of colloid probe cantilevers using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; cantilever; colloid probe; spring constant; vibrometry ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE AB Calibration of the flexural spring constant for atomic force microscope (AFM) colloid probe cantilevers provides significant challenges. The presence of a large attached spherical added mass complicates many of the more common calibration techniques such as reference cantilever, Sader, and added mass. Even the most promising option, AFM thermal calibration, can encounter difficulties during the optical lever sensitivity measurement due to strong adhesion and friction between the sphere and a surface. This may cause buckling of the end of the cantilever and hysteresis in the approach-retract curves resulting in increased uncertainty in the calibration. Most recently, a laser Doppler vibrometry thermal method has been used to accurately calibrate the normal spring constant of a wide variety of tipped and tipless commercial cantilevers. This paper describes a variant of the technique, scanning laser Doppler vibrometry, optimized for colloid probe cantilevers and capable of spring constant calibration uncertainties near +/- 1%. C1 [Gates, Richard S.; Osborn, William A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shaw, Gordon A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.gates@nist.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 12 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 23 AR 235704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/23/235704 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CI6UT UT WOS:000354899200014 PM 25990652 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S Gundlach, JH Newman, RD AF Schlamminger, S. Gundlach, J. H. Newman, R. D. TI Recent measurements of the gravitational constant as a function of time SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; TORSION BALANCE AB A recent publication [J.D. Anderson et. al., Europhys. Lett. 110, 10002 ( 2015)] presented a strong correlation between the measured values of the gravitational constant G and the 5.9 year oscillation of the length of day. Here, we compile published measurements of G from the last 35 years. A least-squares regression to a sinusoid with period 5.9 years still yields a better fit than a straight line. However, our additions and corrections to the G data reported by Anderson et al. significantly weaken the correlation. C1 [Schlamminger, S.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, J. H.] Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newman, R. D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.121101 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CK1NA UT WOS:000355972800001 ER PT J AU Cimmarusti, AD Yan, Z Patterson, BD Corcos, LP Orozco, LA Deffner, S AF Cimmarusti, A. D. Yan, Z. Patterson, B. D. Corcos, L. P. Orozco, L. A. Deffner, S. TI Environment-Assisted Speed-up of the Field Evolution in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; LIMIT; SYSTEM; ATOMS AB We measure the quantum speed of the state evolution of the field in a weakly driven optical cavity QED system. To this end, the mode of the electromagnetic field is considered as a quantum system of interest with a preferential coupling to a tunable environment: the atoms. By controlling the environment, i.e., changing the number of atoms coupled to the optical cavity mode, an environment-assisted speed-up is realized: the quantum speed of the state repopulation in the optical cavity increases with the coupling strength between the optical cavity mode and this non-Markovian environment (the number of atoms). C1 [Cimmarusti, A. D.; Yan, Z.; Patterson, B. D.; Corcos, L. P.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cimmarusti, A. D.; Yan, Z.; Patterson, B. D.; Corcos, L. P.; Orozco, L. A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yan, Z.] Shanxi Univ, Inst Optoelect, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Deffner, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Deffner, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cimmarusti, AD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lorozco@umd.edu; sdeffner@lanl.gov RI Deffner, Sebastian/C-5170-2008 OI Deffner, Sebastian/0000-0003-0504-6932 FU NSF of the USA [1307416]; Natural Science Foundation of China [11304190]; U.S. Department of Energy through a LANL Director's Funded Fellowship FX We would like to thank H. J. Carmichael for helpful discussions and P. Dussarrat for help with the apparatus. The work at UMD is supported by the NSF of the USA (Grant No. 1307416). Z. Y. acknowledges support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304190). S. D. acknowledges financial support by the U.S. Department of Energy through a LANL Director's Funded Fellowship. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 23 AR 233602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.233602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CK1OQ UT WOS:000355977000003 PM 26196802 ER PT J AU Schachenmayer, J Pikovski, A Rey, AM AF Schachenmayer, J. Pikovski, A. Rey, A. M. TI Dynamics of correlations in two-dimensional quantum spin models with long-range interactions: a phase-space Monte-Carlo study SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonequilibrium spin dynamics; polar molecules; trapped ions; truncated Wigner approximation ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; TRAPPED IONS; SIMULATOR; SYSTEM; PROPAGATION; MECHANICS; GASES AB Interacting quantum spin models are remarkably useful for describing different types of physical, chemical, and biological systems. Significant understanding of their equilibrium properties has been achieved to date, especially for the case of spin models with short-range couplings. However, progress toward the development of a comparable understanding in long-range interacting models, in particular out-of-equilibrium, remains limited. In a recent work, we proposed a semiclassical numerical method to study spin models, the discrete truncated Wigner approximation (DTWA), and demonstrated its capability to correctly capture the dynamics of one-and two-point correlations in one-dimensional (1D) systems. Here we go one step forward and use the DTWA method to study the dynamics of correlations in two-dimensional (2D) systems with many spins and different types of long-range couplings, in regimes where other numerical methods are generally unreliable. We compute spatial and time-dependent correlations for spin-couplings that decay with distance as a power-law and determine the velocity at which correlations propagate through the system. Sharp changes in the behavior of those velocities are found as a function of the power-law decay exponent. Our predictions are relevant for a broad range of systems including solid state materials, atom-photon systems and ultracold gases of polar molecules, trapped ions, Rydberg, and magnetic atoms. We validate the DTWA predictions for small 2D systems and 1D systems, but ultimately, in the spirt of quantum simulation, experiments will be needed to confirm our predictions for large 2D systems. C1 [Schachenmayer, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schachenmayer, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM johannes.schachenmayer@gmail.com OI SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU ARO; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NSF [CNS-0821794]; NCAR; CU Boulder/Denver; [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844]; [NSF-PIF-1211914] FX This work has been financially supported by JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, ARO, AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI. Computations utilized the Janus supercomputer, supported by NSF (award number CNS-0821794), NCAR, and CU Boulder/Denver. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 065009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/065009 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO1PK UT WOS:000358927300002 ER PT J AU Zhernenkov, M Ashkar, R Feng, H Akintewe, OO Gallant, ND Toomey, R Ankner, JF Pynn, R AF Zhernenkov, Mikhail Ashkar, Rana Feng, Hao Akintewe, Olukemi O. Gallant, Nathan D. Toomey, Ryan Ankner, John F. Pynn, Roger TI Thermoresponsive PNIPAM Coatings on Nanostructured Gratings for Cell Alignment and Release SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE PNIPAM coating; thermoresponsive nanostructured scaffolds; cell alignment and release; neutron reflectometry ID SURFACES; TISSUE; POLYMER; FILMS; REFLECTION; INTERFACES; ADHESION; CULTURE; SYSTEMS AB Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been widely used as a surface coating to thermally control the detachment of adsorbed cells without the need for extreme stimuli such as enzyme treatment. Recently, the use of 2D and 3D scaffolds in controlling cell positioning, growth, spreading, and migration has been of a great interest in tissue engineering and cell biology. Here, we use a PNIPAM polymer surface coating atop a nanostructured linear diffraction grating to controllably change the surface topography of 2D linear structures using temperature stimuli. Neutron reflectometry and surface diffraction are utilized to examine the conformity of the polymer coating to the grating surface, its hydration profile, and its evolution in response to temperature variations. The results show that, in the collapsed state, the PNIPAM coating conforms to the grating structures and retains a uniform hydration of 63%. In the swollen state, the polymer expands beyond the grating channels and absorbs up to 87% water. Such properties are particularly desirable for 2D cell growth scaffolds with a built-in nonextreme tissue-release mechanism. Indeed, the current system demonstrates advanced performance in the effective alignment of cultured fibroblast cells and the easy release of the cells upon temperature change. C1 [Zhernenkov, Mikhail] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, Hao; Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Feng, Hao; Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Akintewe, Olukemi O.; Toomey, Ryan] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gallant, Nathan D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Ankner, John F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pynn, Roger] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhernenkov, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zherne@bnl.gov; rashkar@umd.edu OI Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718; Zhernenkov, Mikhail/0000-0003-3604-0672; Gallant, Nathan/0000-0001-6454-7660 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC00112704]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0645574, DMR-1056475]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship; UNCF-Merck Dissertation Fellowship; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46279] FX The authors thank Dr. Candice Halbert for her help in facilitating the use of the chemistry lab and experiment setup at ORNL. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC00112704. The work at University of South Florida was supported by National Science Foundation DMR-0645574 and CAREER DMR-1056475. O.O.A. was supported by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship and UNCF-Merck Dissertation Fellowship. Neutron experiments conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated by UT-Battelle, LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Work at Indiana University was supported by the US Department of Energy through its Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Science and Engineering, Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER46279 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 22 BP 11857 EP 11862 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b01453 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CK6CS UT WOS:000356316700019 PM 25990000 ER PT J AU Cernicharo, J McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Agundez, M Prieto, LV Baraban, JH Changala, PB Guelin, M Kahane, C Martin-Drumel, MA Patel, NA Reilly, NJ Stanton, JF Quintana-Lacaci, G Thorwirth, S Young, KH AF Cernicharo, J. McCarthy, M. C. Gottlieb, C. A. Agundez, M. Prieto, L. Velilla Baraban, J. H. Changala, P. B. Guelin, M. Kahane, C. Martin-Drumel, M. A. Patel, N. A. Reilly, N. J. Stanton, J. F. Quintana-Lacaci, G. Thorwirth, S. Young, K. H. TI DISCOVERY OF SiCSi IN IRC+10216: A MISSING LINK BETWEEN GAS AND DUST CARRIERS OF Si-C BONDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: carbon; stars: individual (IRC, 10216) ID ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; SUPERNOVA 1987A; SUBMILLIMETER; ANION AB We report the discovery in space of a disilicon species, SiCSi, from observations between 80 and 350 GHz with the IRAM 30 m radio telescope. Owing to the close coordination between laboratory experiments and astrophysics, 112 lines have now been detected in the carbon-rich star CW Leo. The derived frequencies yield improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants up to sixth order. From the line profiles and interferometric maps with the Submillimeter Array, the bulk of the SiCSi emission arises from a region of 6. in radius. The derived abundance is comparable to that of SiC2. As expected from chemical equilibrium calculations, SiCSi and SiC2 are the most abundant species harboring a Si-C bond in the dust formation zone and certainly both play a key role in the formation of SiC dust grains. C1 [Cernicharo, J.; Agundez, M.; Prieto, L. Velilla; Quintana-Lacaci, G.] CSIC, ICMM, Grp Mol Astrophys, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [McCarthy, M. C.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Martin-Drumel, M. A.; Patel, N. A.; Reilly, N. J.; Young, K. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, M. C.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Martin-Drumel, M. A.; Patel, N. A.; Young, K. H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baraban, J. H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Guelin, M.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Kahane, C.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Kahane, C.] CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Reilly, N. J.] Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Stanton, J. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thorwirth, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Cernicharo, J (reprint author), CSIC, ICMM, Grp Mol Astrophys, C Sor Juana Ines Cruz N3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Agundez, Marcelino/I-5369-2012; Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Agundez, Marcelino/0000-0003-3248-3564; Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline/0000-0002-5460-4294; Velilla Prieto, Luis/0000-0001-8275-9341; Cernicharo, Jose/0000-0002-3518-2524; Quintana-Lacaci, Guillermo/0000-0002-5417-1943 FU spanish MINECO [AYA2009-07304, AYA2012-32032, CSD2009-00038]; ERC [ERC-2013-SyG]; NASA [NNX13AE59G]; NANOCOSMOS [610256] FX We thank spanish MINECO for funding under grants AYA2009-07304, AYA2012-32032, CSD2009-00038, and ERC under ERC-2013-SyG, G. A. 610256 NANOCOSMOS. The new laboratory measurements in Cambridge were supported by NASA grant NNX13AE59G. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 806 IS 1 AR L3 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/806/1/L3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CL0LH UT WOS:000356633700003 ER PT J AU Wray, LA Denlinger, J Huang, SW He, HW Butch, NP Maple, MB Hussain, Z Chuang, YD AF Wray, L. Andrew Denlinger, Jonathan Huang, Shih-Wen He, Haowei Butch, Nicholas P. Maple, M. Brian Hussain, Zahid Chuang, Yi-De TI Spectroscopic Determination of the Atomic f-Electron Symmetry Underlying Hidden Order in URu2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FERMION SYSTEM URU2SI2; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; COMPOUND URU2SI2; DENSITY-WAVE; HEAVY; FIELD AB The low-temperature hidden-order state of URu2Si2 has long been a subject of intense speculation, and is thought to represent an as-yet-undetermined many-body quantum state not realized by other known materials. Here, x-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering are used to observe electronic excitation spectra of URu2Si2, as a means to identify the degrees of freedom available to constitute the hidden-order wave function. Excitations are shown to have symmetries that derive from a correlated 5f(2) atomic multiplet basis that is modified by itinerancy. The features, amplitude, and temperature dependence of linear dichroism are in agreement with ground states that closely resemble the doublet Gamma(5) crystal field state of uranium. C1 [Wray, L. Andrew; He, Haowei] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Wray, L. Andrew] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wray, L. Andrew; Denlinger, Jonathan; Huang, Shih-Wen; Hussain, Zahid; Chuang, Yi-De] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maple, M. Brian] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Wray, LA (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM lawray@nyu.edu FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-04-ER46105] FX We are grateful for discussions with K. Wohlfeld. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Crystal growth and characterization at UCSD was supported by the U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04-ER46105. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 23 AR 236401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.236401 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CJ9OZ UT WOS:000355833300004 PM 26196808 ER PT J AU Richerson, K Watters, GM Santora, JA Schroeder, ID Mangel, M AF Richerson, Kate Watters, George M. Santora, Jarrod A. Schroeder, Isaac D. Mangel, Marc TI More than passive drifters: a stochastic dynamic model for the movement of Antarctic krill SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Euphausia superba; Behavior; Stochastic dynamic programming; Management; Advection; Southern Ocean ID SCALE MANAGEMENT UNITS; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SCOTIA SEA; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN KRILL AB Antarctic krill Euphausia superba are a key part of the marine food web and are the target of the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean. Although ecosystem and management models typically assume that krill are passive drifters, their relatively large size and strong swimming ability suggest that the active movement of krill may play an important role in their spatial distribution. Thus, active swimming behavior by krill may influence spatial structure of food web interactions (e.g. feeding behavior of seabirds and marine mammals) and regional commercial fishery activity. The objective of this work was to model the potential for active movement to affect krill distribution, and consequently growth, reproductive success, and survival. We used state-dependent life history theory, implemented by stochastic dynamic programming, in combination with spatial information on food availability, current velocity, temperature, and predation risk, to predict krill swimming behavior near the northern Antarctic Peninsula. We found that including active krill behavior resulted in distribution patterns that are associated with increased survival, growth, and reproductive success compared to a model that treats krill as passive drifters. The expected reproductive success of actively behaving krill was about 70% greater than that of passively diffusing krill, suggesting that there are strong selective pressures for active behavior along oceanic drift trajectories. This modeling framework will benefit assessments of new catch limits as krill fishing grounds are partitioned into smaller spatial management units. C1 [Richerson, Kate] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Richerson, Kate; Santora, Jarrod A.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Watters, George M.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA Fisheries, Environm Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-9020 Bergen, Norway. RP Richerson, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM krichers@ucsc.edu FU NSF; Center for Stock Assessment Research; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; UC Santa Cruz FX This work was partially supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to K.R. and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a training program between the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and UC Santa Cruz. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 8 PY 2015 VL 529 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.3354/meps11324 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK2WU UT WOS:000356076000003 ER PT J AU Driscoll, RM Reiss, CS Hentschel, BT AF Driscoll, Ryan M. Reiss, Christian S. Hentschel, Brian T. TI Temperature-dependent growth of Thysanoessa macrura: inter-annual and spatial variability around Elephant Island, Antarctica SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Thysanoessa macrura; Temperature-dependent growth; Antarctica ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; LIFE-HISTORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; CHANGING CLIMATE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; OREGON COAST; PHYTOPLANKTON; ZOOPLANKTON; CRUSTACEA AB Somatic growth of pelagic invertebrates is controlled by temperature and food, both of which vary in space and time. Species-specific growth rate responses to environmental variability may affect populations through changes in reproductive potential; therefore, measuring spatial and temporal variability in growth rates of highly abundant zooplankton is critical to predict the impact of climate change on pelagic ecosystems. Here, we used length frequencies from bi-annual surveys conducted 1 month apart to estimate growth rates of one the most abundant euphausiids in the Southern Ocean, Thysanoessa macrura. We analyzed summer data from 4 separate years (1995, 1998, 2001, and 2004) that varied widely in temperature and primary production. Stations within the surveys were grouped by water characteristics: warm, low salinity Antarctic Circum polar Current (ACC) water, and cold, saline Bransfield Strait and Weddell Sea (MBW) water, to assess inter-annual and spatial variability in cohort growth. Mid-summer cohort growth rates of T. macrura varied between years and water masses, ranging from -0.037 mm d(-1) in MBW water in 2004 to 0.081 mm d(-1) in ACC water in 1995. Growth rates were faster in ACC water than in MBW water during all years. Growth rates were strongly correlated with temperature (R-2 = 0.82) but weakly correlated with copepod density (R-2 = 0.38), and were not correlated with chl a concentration (R-2 = 0.11). These results suggest that the growth rates of T. macrura may increase in regions exhibiting warming trends, such as the Antarctic Peninsula. This contrasts with published data on the growth rates of Euphausia superba, which is predicted to be impacted negatively by climate warming. C1 [Driscoll, Ryan M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Driscoll, Ryan M.; Reiss, Christian S.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Driscoll, Ryan M.; Hentschel, Brian T.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hentschel, Brian T.] San Diego State Univ, Coastal & Marine Inst, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Driscoll, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM rdriscol@ucsc.edu FU NOAA; SDSU FX This work represents part of a Master of Science thesis by the senior author. RMD thanks NOAA and SDSU for the financial support for the completion of this work. The authors thank the US AMLR Program, the crew and scientists, especially the zooplankton technicians, for their hard work collecting the years of quality data needed for this study. A special thanks to Dr. Valerie Loeb for her guidance and work in the field and to Rachel Pound for all her hours in the lab. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 8 PY 2015 VL 529 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.3354/meps11291 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK2WU UT WOS:000356076000004 ER PT J AU Pechenik, JA Diederich, C Burns, R AF Pechenik, Jan A. Diederich, Casey Burns, Robert TI Yearly shifts in shell quality for the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus in coastal Massachusetts SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hermit crabs; Climate change; Shell quality; Littorina littorea; Pagurus longicarpus ID LITTORINA-LITTOREA L; CARCINUS-MAENAS L; MARINE SNAIL; BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS; CLIBANARIUS-VITTATUS; UTILIZATION PATTERNS; CRYPTOCOTYLE-LINGUA; INTERTIDAL ANIMALS; SELECTION BEHAVIOR; CREPIDULA-CONVEXA AB Global warming is expected to result in milder New England winters. In this study we monitored changes in hermit crab shell quality at Nahant, Massachusetts, USA, at intervals during 17 yr between 1997 and 2014 for a single species of hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus occupying the shells of the intertidal periwinkle Littorina littorea. The incidence of hermit crabs occupying damaged shells, shells housing the symbionts Hydractinia, Crepidula plana, and C. convexa, and showing poor shell fit varied significantly among years. Shell quality was especially bad in the summer of 2012, following one of the warmest winters on record: more than 60% of the sampled hermit crabs were found living in damaged shells and more than 50% of the shells bore symbionts. Moreover, an unusually low number (only 15%) of the hermit crabs sampled that summer were found in shells that were undamaged, without symbionts, and of adequate size, compared with 50 to 55% of hermit crabs being found in such 'perfect' shells in 1997 and 2013. We suggest that new, high-quality shells are added to hermit crab populations at our study site largely through the freeze-induced mortality of intertidal periwinkles, and that the poor shell quality documented in summer 2012 reflects reduced periwinkle mortality during the unusually warm preceding winter. If so, then P. longicarpus might serve as a coastal 'canary in the coal mine': documenting yearly shifts in the quality of shells used as shelters by coastal marine hermit crabs in New England may provide a convenient means of monitoring the impact of climate change on intertidal populations. C1 [Pechenik, Jan A.; Burns, Robert] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Diederich, Casey] NOAA, Off Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20235 USA. RP Pechenik, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM jan.pechenik@tufts.edu NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD JUN 8 PY 2015 VL 529 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.3354/meps11298 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CK2WU UT WOS:000356076000013 ER PT J AU Youn, HC Bak, SM Kim, MS Jaye, C Fischer, DA Lee, CW Yang, XQ Roh, KC Kim, KB AF Youn, Hee-Chang Bak, Seong-Min Kim, Myeong-Seong Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Lee, Chang-Wook Yang, Xiao-Qing Roh, Kwang Chul Kim, Kwang-Bum TI High-Surface-Area Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE doping; electrochemistry; graphene; nitrogen; synthesis design ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE SUPERCAPACITOR; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; QUANTUM CAPACITANCE; STRUCTURE RECOVERY; CARBON NANOTUBES; ENERGY-DENSITY; REDUCTION; SHEETS AB A two-step method consisting of solid-state microwave irradiation and heat treatment under NH3 gas was used to prepare nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) with a high specific surface area (1007m(2)g(-1)), high electrical conductivity (1532Sm(-1)), and low oxygen content (1.5wt%) for electrical double-layer capacitor applications. The specific capacitance of N-RGO was 291Fg(-1) at a current density of 1Ag(-1), and a capacitance of 261Fg(-1) was retained at 50Ag(-1), which indicated a very good rate capability. N-RGO also showed excellent cycling stability and preserved 96% of the initial specific capacitance after 100000cycles. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy results provided evidenced for the recovery of conjugation in the carbon networks with the removal of oxygenated groups and revealed chemical bonding of the nitrogen atoms in N-RGO. The good electrochemical performance of N-RGO is attributed to its high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and low oxygen content. C1 [Youn, Hee-Chang; Kim, Myeong-Seong; Lee, Chang-Wook; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Roh, Kwang Chul] Korea Inst Ceram Engn & Technol, Energy Efficient Mat Team, Div Energy & Environm, Seoul 153801, South Korea. [Bak, Seong-Min; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Youn, HC (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM rkc@kicet.re.kr; kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Bak, Seong Min/J-4597-2013; OI Bak, Seong-Min/0000-0002-1626-5949 FU Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) -Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korean government [20122010100140]; Office of Vehicle Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0012704] FX This work was supported by an Energy Efficiency and Resources grant (no. 20122010100140) of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korean government. The work performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the Assistant Secretary for the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Certain commercial names are presented in this article for the purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 83 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PD JUN 8 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1875 EP 1884 DI 10.1002/cssc.201500122 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ9RG UT WOS:000355839300008 PM 25916491 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, J Harriger, L Heitmann, T Dahal, A Knoll, H Singh, DK AF Gunasekera, J. Harriger, L. Heitmann, T. Dahal, A. Knoll, H. Singh, D. K. TI Quasilocal critical nature of cooperative paramagnetic fluctuations in CaRuO3 metal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; SRRUO3; ANTIFERROMAGNET AB We report the observation of cooperative paramagnetic fluctuations of Ru4+ spins that coexist with the non-Fermi-liquid state in CaRuO3 perovskite below T similar or equal to 21 K. Detailed electrical, magnetic, and neutron scattering measurements reveal that the Ru4+ ions reside in magnetic-field-independent random domains with dynamic properties that are reminiscent of the cooperative paramagnetic fluctuations. The linear (E/T) scaling of the dynamic susceptibilities and divergence of the mean relaxation time as T -> 0 K suggest a quasilocal critical nature of the spin fluctuations. We argue that the non-Fermi-liquid behavior arises due to the quantum critical nature of the cooperative paramagnetic fluctuations in CaRuO3. C1 [Gunasekera, J.; Dahal, A.; Knoll, H.; Singh, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Harriger, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heitmann, T.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Gunasekera, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM singhdk@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri Research Board; NSF [DGE-1069091] FX We acknowledge support from the University of Missouri Research Board and IGERT research program, funded by NSF under Grant No. DGE-1069091. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 8 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 24 AR 241103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.241103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CJ8AK UT WOS:000355721300001 ER PT J AU Gannett, W Keller, MW Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Chiaramonti, AN AF Gannett, Will Keller, Mark W. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. Chiaramonti, Ann N. TI Suppression of spin pumping between Ni80Fe20 and Cu by a graphene interlayer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; SURFACE ANISOTROPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PERMALLOY-FILMS; RELAXATION; NM; TA; PD AB We compare ferromagnetic resonance measurements of Permalloy Ni80Fe20 (Py) films sputtered onto Cu(111) films with and without a graphene (Gr) interlayer grown by chemical vapor deposition before Py deposition. A two-angle sputtering method ensured that neither Gr nor Py was degraded by the sample preparation process. We find the expected damping enhancement from spin pumping for the Py/Cu case and no detectable enhancement for the Py/Gr/Cu case. Since damping is sensitive to effects other than spin pumping, we used magnetometry to verify that differences in Py magnetostatic properties are not responsible for the difference in damping. We attribute the suppression of spin pumping in Py/Gr/Cu to the large contact resistance of the Gr/Cu interface. C1 [Gannett, Will; Keller, Mark W.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.; Chiaramonti, Ann N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, MW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.keller@nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Chiaramonti, Ann/0000-0001-9933-3267 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 21 AR 213907 DI 10.1063/1.4921425 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CK0WH UT WOS:000355925600014 ER PT J AU Moriyama, T Yoon, S McMichael, RD AF Moriyama, Takahiro Yoon, Seungha McMichael, Robert D. TI Ferromagnetic resonance measurement using stroboscopic magneto-optical Kerr effect SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; GENERATION; MICRORESONATOR AB We have developed a novel ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement technique using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The measurement technique uses microwave-frequency, intensitymodulated light to stroboscopically measure the Kerr angle due to the magnetization precession. We demonstrate that this stroboscopic magneto-optical Kerr effect provides a frequency domain and phase sensitive FMR measurement. The measurement is sensitive enough to detect the precessing magnetization with the precession cone angle below 1 degrees . (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Moriyama, Takahiro; Yoon, Seungha; McMichael, Robert D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moriyama, Takahiro] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Yoon, Seungha] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moriyama, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU Kyoto University Foundation; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX T.M. was supported by the Kyoto University Foundation and Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Dr. Yoon acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 21 AR 213908 DI 10.1063/1.4922126 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CK0WH UT WOS:000355925600015 ER PT J AU Dey, P Paul, J Moody, G Stevens, CE Glikin, N Kovalyuk, ZD Kudrynskyi, ZR Romero, AH Cantarero, A Hilton, DJ Karaiskaj, D AF Dey, P. Paul, J. Moody, G. Stevens, C. E. Glikin, N. Kovalyuk, Z. D. Kudrynskyi, Z. R. Romero, A. H. Cantarero, A. Hilton, D. J. Karaiskaj, D. TI Biexciton formation and exciton coherent coupling in layered GaSe SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRONIC BAND-STRUCTURE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GALLIUM SELENIDE; VALLEY POLARIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-POINTS AB Nonlinear two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) and linear absorption spectroscopy are used to study the electronic structure and optical properties of excitons in the layered semiconductor GaSe. At the 1s exciton resonance, two peaks are identified in the absorption spectra, which are assigned to splitting of the exciton ground state into the triplet and singlet states. 2DFT spectra acquired for co-linear polarization of the excitation pulses feature an additional peak originating from coherent energy transfer between the singlet and triplet. At cross-linear polarization of the excitation pulses, the 2DFT spectra expose a new peak likely originating from bound biexcitons. The polarization dependent 2DFT spectra are well reproduced by simulations using the optical Bloch equations for a four level system, where many-body effects are included phenomenologically. Although biexciton effects are thought to be strong in this material, only moderate contributions from bound biexciton creation can be observed. The biexciton binding energy of similar to 2 meV was estimated from the separation of the peaks in the 2DFT spectra. Temperature dependent absorption and 2DFT measurements, combined with "ab initio" theoretical calculations of the phonon spectra, indicate strong interaction with the A(1)' phonon mode. Excitation density dependent 2DFT measurements reveal excitation induced dephasing and provide a lower limit for the homogeneous linewidth of the excitons in the present GaSe crystal. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dey, P.; Paul, J.; Stevens, C. E.; Glikin, N.; Karaiskaj, D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Moody, G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kovalyuk, Z. D.; Kudrynskyi, Z. R.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Frantsevich Inst Mat Sci Problems, Chernivtsi Dept, UA-58001 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Romero, A. H.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Cantarero, A.] Univ Valencia, Inst Mat Sci, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Hilton, D. J.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Dey, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM karaiskaj@usf.edu RI Paul, Jagannath/P-7171-2016; Kovalyuk, Zakhar/S-3285-2016; OI Paul, Jagannath/0000-0001-7172-3466; Cantarero, Andres/0000-0003-1999-4933 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0012635]; Marie Curie Actions from the European Union [PIIFR-GA-2011-911070]; Spanish Agency for Research [MAT2012-33483] FX The research at USF is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-SC0012635. A.H.R. recognizes the support of the Marie Curie Actions from the European Union in the international incoming fellowships (Grant No. PIIFR-GA-2011-911070) and the computer resources provided by RES (Red Espanola de Supercomputacion), the TACC-Texas Supercomputer Center, and MALTA-Cluster. A.C. acknowledges support from project MAT2012-33483 of the Spanish Agency for Research. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 21 AR 212422 DI 10.1063/1.4917169 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CK0YM UT WOS:000355931800026 PM 26049442 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Theory of competitive solvation of polymers by two solvents and entropy-enthalpy compensation in the solvation free energy upon dilution with the second solvent SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ALLOYING ELEMENTS; ADSORPTION; SEGREGATION; THERMODYNAMICS; MIXTURES AB We develop a statistical mechanical lattice theory for polymer solvation by a pair of relatively low molar mass solvents that compete for binding to the polymer backbone. A theory for the equilibrium mixture of solvated polymer clusters {A(i)BC(j)} and free unassociated molecules A, B, and C is formulated in the spirit of Flory-Huggins mean-field approximation. This theoretical framework enables us to derive expressions for the boundaries for phase stability (spinodals) and other basic properties of these polymer solutions: the internal energy U, entropy S, specific heat C-V, extent of solvation Phi(solv), average degree of solvation < N-solv >, and second osmotic virial coefficient B-2 as functions of temperature and the composition of the mixture. Our theory predicts many new phenomena, but the current paper applies the theory to describe the entropy-enthalpy compensation in the free energy of polymer solvation, a phenomenon observed for many years without theoretical explanation and with significant relevance to liquid chromatography and other polymer separation methods. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1363012] FX This research is supported, in part, by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1363012. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 21 AR 214906 DI 10.1063/1.4921373 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CK0YM UT WOS:000355931800107 PM 26049523 ER PT J AU Yeo, M Hummon, MT Collopy, AL Yan, B Hemmerling, B Chae, E Doyle, JM Ye, J AF Yeo, Mark Hummon, Matthew T. Collopy, Alejandra L. Yan, Bo Hemmerling, Boerge Chae, Eunmi Doyle, John M. Ye, Jun TI Rotational State Microwave Mixing for Laser Cooling of Complex Diatomic Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; ATOMIC-BEAM; BAND; DECELERATION; ELECTRON; SYSTEM; COLD; GAS AB We demonstrate the mixing of rotational states in the ground electronic state using microwave radiation to enhance optical cycling in the molecule yttrium (II) monoxide (YO). This mixing technique is used in conjunction with a frequency modulated and chirped continuous wave laser to slow longitudinally a cryogenic buffer-gas beam of YO. We generate a flux of YO below 10 m/s, directly loadable into a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. This technique opens the door for laser cooling of diatomic molecules with more complex loss channels due to intermediate states. C1 [Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Collopy, Alejandra L.; Yan, Bo; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Collopy, Alejandra L.; Yan, Bo; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Collopy, Alejandra L.; Yan, Bo; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hemmerling, Boerge; Chae, Eunmi; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hemmerling, Boerge; Chae, Eunmi; Doyle, John M.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yeo, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yeoe@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012; OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554; HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF3852]; ARO (MURI); AFOSR (MURI); NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; NSF Physics Frontier Center at Harvard; NSF Physics Frontier Center at NIST FX We thank M. Petzold and M. Kuhnert for their contributions to the early stage of this work. This work was supported in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF3852 to J. Y. We also acknowledge funding support from ARO (MURI), AFOSR (MURI), the NSF Physics Frontier Centers at both JILA and Harvard, and NIST. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 22 AR 223003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.223003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CJ8CK UT WOS:000355726700004 PM 26196620 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Langford, AO Parrish, DD Fahey, DW AF Cooper, Owen R. Langford, Andrew O. Parrish, David D. Fahey, David W. TI Challenges of a lowered US ozone standard SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE AIR; MODELS C1 [Cooper, Owen R.; Parrish, David D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Langford, Andrew O.; Parrish, David D.; Fahey, David W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 5 PY 2015 VL 348 IS 6239 BP 1096 EP 1097 DI 10.1126/science.aaa5748 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CJ6FY UT WOS:000355590500028 PM 26045425 ER PT J AU Liu, DM Zhang, H Wang, SB Xiao, WQ Zhang, ZL Tian, N Liu, CX Yue, M Huang, QZ Zhang, JX Lynn, JW AF Liu, D. M. Zhang, H. Wang, S. B. Xiao, W. Q. Zhang, Z. L. Tian, N. Liu, C. X. Yue, M. Huang, Q. Z. Zhang, J. X. Lynn, J. W. TI The effect of Al doping on the crystal structure and magnetocaloric behavior of Mn1.2Fe0.8P1-xGex compounds SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Al doping; Magnetocaloric effect; MnFePGe compound ID TRANSITION AB We studied the influence of Al doping on the crystal structure and magnetocaloric properties of Mn1.2Fe0.8P1-xGexAly compounds prepared by spark plasma sintering, with x = 0.24, 0.25, 0.26 and y = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.010 or 0.12. These compounds have the same Fe2P-type structure (space group P (6) over bar 2m) as the undoped system, and we found that the addition of Al had significant effects on the hexagonal unit cell of the compound and its physical properties. As y increased, the lattice parameter a and cell volume increased, the lattice parameter c decreased, the thermal hysteresis (Delta T-hys) decreased, and the Curie temperature (T-c) became significantly higher than at y = 0. The variations of T-c and Delta T-hys correlated almost linearly with variation in the c/a ratio, indicating that T-c can be increased with Al doping. In addition, Al doping did not have any adverse effects on other magnetocaloric properties, such as the entropy change, adiabatic temperature change, and the temperature range of the coexistence of the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. We also found that the magnetocaloric properties of Mn1.2Fe0.8P1-xGexAly compounds could be improved by homogenous annealing. The particular composition Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.74 Ge0.26Al0.010 exhibited a Tc close to room temperature (292.2 K) with a hysteresis of Delta T-hys 2.1 K, making it a very promising material for magnetic refrigeration around room temperature. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, D. M.; Zhang, H.; Wang, S. B.; Xiao, W. Q.; Zhang, Z. L.; Tian, N.; Liu, C. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Liu, D. M.; Yue, M.; Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Univ Technol, Educ Minist China, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, DM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51071007, 51171003]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [KZ201410005005] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Antonio Santoro, Dr. Rhoda Edens Perozzi and Dr. Edmund Frank Perozzi for the valuable discussions. The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51071007, 51171003) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (KZ201410005005). The identification of any commercial products does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 5 PY 2015 VL 633 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.141 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CD2MF UT WOS:000350911800020 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Ito, K Leao, JB Harriger, L Liu, Y Chen, SH AF Wang, Zhe Ito, Kanae Leao, Juscelino B. Harriger, Leland Liu, Yun Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition and Its Phase Diagram in Deeply-Cooled Heavy Water Confined in a Nanoporous Silica Matrix SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED WATER; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER; UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL-POINT; PORE-SIZE; DENSITY; SEPARATION; TEMPERATURES AB Using neutron diffraction technique, we measure the average density of the heavy water confined in a nanoporous silica matrix, MCM-41, over the pressure-temperature plane. The result suggests the existence of a line of liquid liquid phase transition with its end point at 1.29 +/- 0.34 kbar and 213 +/- 3 K in a fully hydrated sample. This point would be the liquid liquid critical point (LLCP) according to the "liquid-liquid critical point" scenario. The phase diagram of the deeply cooled confined heavy water is then discussed. Moreover, in a partially hydrated sample, the phase transition completely disappears. This result shows that it is the free water part, rather than the bound water part, of the confined water that undergoes a liquid liquid transition. C1 [Wang, Zhe; Ito, Kanae; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Leao, Juscelino B.; Harriger, Leland; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429] FX The research at MIT was supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-90ER45429. We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Commerce in providing the beamtimes at NCNR. We thank Dr. K.-H. Liu and P. Le for their help in the experiment. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 BP 2009 EP 2014 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00822 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CK0KL UT WOS:000355894000003 PM 26266493 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Baraban, JH Changala, PB Stanton, JF Martin-Drumel, MA Thorwirth, S Gottlieb, CA Reilly, NJ AF McCarthy, Michael C. Baraban, Joshua H. Changala, P. Bryan Stanton, John F. Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline Thorwirth, Sven Gottlieb, Carl A. Reilly, Neil J. TI Discovery of a Missing Link: Detection and Structure of the Elusive Disilicon Carbide Cluster SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBON CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC STATES; SI2C; SPECTRUM; SIC2; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB The rotational spectrum of the elusive but fundamentally important silicon carbide SiCSi has been detected using sensitive microwave techniques aided by high-level ab initio methods. Its equilibrium structure has been determined to very high precision using isotopic substitution and vibrational corrections calculated quantum-chemically: it is an isosceles triangle with a Si-C bond length of 1.693(1) angstrom, and an apex angle of 114.87(5)degrees. Now that all four SimCn clusters with m + n = 3 have been observed experimentally, their structure and chemical bonding can be rigorously compared. Because Si2C is so closely linked to other Si-bearing molecules that have been detected in the evolved carbon star IRC+10216, it is an extremely promising candidate for detection with radio telescopes. C1 [McCarthy, Michael C.; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline; Gottlieb, Carl A.; Reilly, Neil J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, Michael C.; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline; Gottlieb, Carl A.; Reilly, Neil J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baraban, Joshua H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thorwirth, Sven] Univ Cologne, Phys Inst 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline/0000-0002-5460-4294 FU NASA [NNX13AE59G]; NSF [DGE1144083]; Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas [F-1283]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1361031]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [TH 1301/3-1, TH 1301/3-2] FX The work in Cambridge is supported by NASA Grant NNX13AE59G. P.B.C. is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (Award No. DGE1144083). J.F.S. would like to thank the Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas (Grant F-1283), and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-1361031). S.T. gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grants TH 1301/3-1 and TH 1301/3-2. We thank E.S. Palmer and P. Antonucci for technical assistance, and D.L. Kokkin for assistance with early laboratory searches. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 BP 2107 EP 2111 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00770 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CK0KL UT WOS:000355894000020 PM 26266510 ER PT J AU Srinivasa, V Xu, H Taylor, JM AF Srinivasa, V. Xu, H. Taylor, J. M. TI Tunable Spin-Qubit Coupling Mediated by a Multielectron Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN; COHERENT MANIPULATION; NUCLEAR-SPIN; SILICON; COMPUTATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; INFORMATION AB We present an approach for entangling electron spin qubits localized on spatially separated impurity atoms or quantum dots via a multielectron, two-level quantum dot. The effective exchange interaction mediated by the dot can be understood as the simplest manifestation of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida exchange, and can be manipulated through gate voltage control of level splittings and tunneling amplitudes within the system. This provides both a high degree of tunability and a means for realizing high-fidelity two-qubit gates between spatially separated spins, yielding an experimentally accessible method of coupling donor electron spins in silicon via a hybrid impurity-dot system. C1 [Srinivasa, V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; FU DARPA MTO; NSF FX We thank A. Morello, W. M. Witzel, M. S. Carroll, L. I. Glazman, M. D. Stewart, Jr., N. M. Zimmerman, B. M. Anderson, F. R. Braakman, M. Friesen, and S. N. Coppersmith for helpful discussions and valuable insights. This work was supported by DARPA MTO and the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2015 VL 114 IS 22 AR 226803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.226803 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CJ6PZ UT WOS:000355617100016 PM 26196638 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Turner, S AF Harrison, Sarah Turner, Sara TI Untitled SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Turner, Sara] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Turner, Sara] Massachusetts Div Marine, Boston, MA USA. EM sharrison@fisheries.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN 3 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 6 BP 256 EP 256 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CJ6NB UT WOS:000355609400004 ER PT J AU Wagman, JJ Parshall, D Stone, MB Savici, AT Zhao, Y Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Wagman, J. J. Parshall, D. Stone, M. B. Savici, A. T. Zhao, Y. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Quasi-two-dimensional spin and phonon excitations in La1.965Ba0.035CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; SCATTERING; ENERGY; LA2-XBAXCUO4; FLUCTUATIONS; LA2CUO4; STRIPES; WAVES AB We present time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering measurements of La1.965Ba0.035CuO4 (LBCO), a lightly doped member of the high temperature superconducting La-based cuprate family. By using time-of-flight neutron instrumentation coupled with single crystal sample rotation we obtain a four-dimensional data set (three Q and one energy) that is both comprehensive and spans a large region of reciprocal space. Our measurements identify rich structure in the energy dependence of the highly dispersive spin excitations, which are centered at equivalent (1/2, 1/2, L) wave vectors. These structures correlate strongly with several crossings of the spin excitations with the lightly dispersive phonons found in this system. These effects are significant and account for on the order of 25% of the total inelastic scattering for energies between approximate to 5 and 40 meV at low |Q|. Interestingly, this scattering also presents little or no L dependence. As the phonons and dispersive spin excitations centered at equivalent (1/2, 1/2, L) wave vectors are common to all members of La-based 214 copper oxides, we conclude such strong quasi-two-dimensional scattering enhancements are likely to occur in all such 214 families of materials, including those concentrations corresponding to superconducting ground states. Such a phenomenon appears to be a fundamental characteristic of these materials and is potentially related to superconducting pairing. C1 [Wagman, J. J.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Parshall, D.; Zhao, Y.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Savici, A. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Wagman, JJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011 OI Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSERC of Canada FX We would like to acknowledge useful conversations had with T. Timusk, J. P. Carbotte, I. A. Zaliznyak, J. M. Tranquada, G. E. Granroth, S. A. Kivelson, S. D. Wilson, N. B. Christensen, J. Gaudet, B. Jackel, and J. L. Niedziela. Research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work was supported by NSERC of Canada. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 3 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 22 AR 224404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.224404 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CJ5XB UT WOS:000355565400003 ER PT J AU Gantt, B Hoque, S Fahey, KM Willis, RD Delgado-Saborit, JM Harrison, RM Zhang, KM Jefferson, DA Kalberer, M Bunker, KL Conny, JM Bhave, PV Weinstein, JP Pye, HOT AF Gantt, Brett Hoque, Shamia Fahey, Kathleen M. Willis, Robert D. Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria Harrison, Roy M. Zhang, K. Max Jefferson, David A. Kalberer, Markus Bunker, Kristin L. Conny, Joseph M. Bhave, Prakash V. Weinstein, Jason P. Pye, Havala O. T. TI Factors Affecting the Ambient Physicochemical Properties of Cerium-Containing Particles Generated by Nanoparticle Diesel Fuel Additive Use SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NUMBER-DISTRIBUTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SIZE; PARTICULATE; EVOLUTION; EMISSIONS; ROADWAYS AB Despite the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCe) in some regions as a diesel fuel additive, the physicochemical properties of the resulting exhaust particles in the ambient atmosphere are not well known. The mixing state of ceria with other exhaust particles is one such physicochemical property that has been shown to potentially affect ecosystem/human health. In this study, cerium-containing particles associated with an nCe additive were collected in the laboratory and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK where the local bus fleet uses the Envirox nCe additive. Electron microscopy of laboratory-generated exhaust samples indicated both individual ceria and soot particles (external mixture) and ceria contained within soot agglomerations (internal mixture). Low ambient concentrations prevented quantification of the ceria particle mixing state in the atmosphere; therefore, a multicomponent sectional aerosol dynamic model was used to predict the size, chemical composition, and mixing state of ceria particles as a function of distance from an idealized roadway. Model simulations predicted that most ceria particles remain nonmixed in the ambient atmosphere (300m downwind from the roadway) due to slow coagulation, with the mixing rate most sensitive to the ceria content of emitted nuclei-mode particles and the particle concentration upwind of the road. Although microscopy analysis showed both external and internal mixtures of ceria and soot in freshly emitted particles, the ambient mass concentration, and size distribution of ceria particles predicted by the model was insensitive to the emitted mixing state. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Gantt, Brett; Hoque, Shamia; Fahey, Kathleen M.; Willis, Robert D.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Weinstein, Jason P.; Pye, Havala O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria; Harrison, Roy M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Harrison, Roy M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jefferson, David A.; Kalberer, Markus] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Bunker, Kristin L.] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA USA. [Conny, Joseph M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gantt, B (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gantt.brett@epa.gov; pye.havala@epa.gov RI Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/I-4158-2015; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/A-5057-2017 OI Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/0000-0002-7096-9744; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria/0000-0002-7096-9744 FU US EPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-12-D-000128, EP-D-11-006]; U.S. government [DW-13-92339401-0]; Office of Research and Development, US EPA FX The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contracts EP-12-D-000128 to RJ Lee Group, Inc., EP-D-11-006 to Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), and a U.S. government interagency agreement DW-13-92339401-0. This article has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Brett Gantt and Shamia Hoque are supported by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by ORISE. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUN 3 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1080/02786826.2015.1027809 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ1LD UT WOS:000355244200002 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Yu, YY Yang, HQ Fang, L Liu, QH Shi, JC AF Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Yang, Hequn Fang, Li Liu, Qinhuo Shi, Jiancheng TI A case study for intercomparison of land surface temperature retrieved from GOES and MODIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH LA English DT Article DE inter-comparison; GOES-East; land surface temperature; MODIS; GOES-West ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; NEXT-GENERATION; EMISSIVITY; AVHRR; PRODUCTS; METEOSAT; CLIMATE AB In recent years, algorithms have been developed to derive land surface temperature (LST) from geostationary and polar satellite systems. However, few works have addressed the intercomparison between Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and the available suite of polar sensors. In this study, differences in LSTs between GOES and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been compared and also evaluated against ground observations. Due to the lack of split-window (SW) channels in the GOES M (12)-Q era, a dual-window algorithm using a mid-infrared 3.9 mu m channel is compared with traditional SW algorithm. It is found that the differences in LST between different platforms are bigger during daytime than those during nighttime. During daytime, LSTs from GOES with the dual-window algorithm are warmer than MODIS LSTs, while LSTs from the SW algorithm are close to MODIS LSTs. The difference during daytime is found to be related to anisotropy in satellite viewing geometry, and land surface properties, such as vegetation cover and especially surface emissivity at middle infrared (MIR) channel. When evaluated against ground observations, the standard deviation (precision) error (2.35 K) from the dual window algorithm is worse than that (1.83 K) from the SW algorithm, indicating the lack of split-window channel in the GOES M(12)-Q era may degrade the performance of LST retrievals. C1 [Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Fang, Li] NOAA NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Yang, Hequn] Shanghai Meteorol Bur, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Liu, Qinhuo; Shi, Jiancheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; FU NOAA PSDI program [NA11NES4400012]; Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program [KZZD-EW-TZ-09] FX This work was supported by NOAA PSDI program (NA11NES4400012), and Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program (KZZD-EW-TZ-09). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1753-8947 EI 1753-8955 J9 INT J DIGIT EARTH JI Int. J. Digit. Earth PD JUN 3 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 476 EP 494 DI 10.1080/17538947.2014.906509 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA CH0QC UT WOS:000353726300003 ER PT J AU Zheng, GM DiGiacomo, PM Kaushal, SS Yuen-Murphy, MA Duan, SW AF Zheng, Guangming DiGiacomo, Paul M. Kaushal, Sujay S. Yuen-Murphy, Marilyn A. Duan, Shuiwang TI Evolution of Sediment Plumes in the Chesapeake Bay and Implications of Climate Variability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MODIS-AQUA; RIVER; ESTUARIES; OCEAN; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT; COASTAL; TRENDS AB Fluvial sediment transport impacts fisheries, marine ecosystems, and human health. In the upper Chesapeake Bay, river-induced sediment plumes are generally known as either a monotonic spatial shape or a turbidity maximum. Little is known about plume evolution in response to variation in streamflow and extreme discharge of sediment. Here we propose a typology of sediment plumes in the upper Chesapeake Bay using a 17 year time series of satellite-derived suspended sediment concentration. On the basis of estimated fluvial and wind contributions, we define an intermittent/wind-dominated type and a continuous type, the latter of which is further divided into four subtypes based on spatial features of plumes, which we refer to as Injection, Transport, Temporary Turbidity-Maximum, and Persistent Turbidity-Maximum. The four continuous types exhibit a consistent sequence of evolution within 1 week to 1 month following flood events. We also identify a shift in typology with increased frequency of Turbidity-Maximum types before and after Hurricane Ivan (2004), which implies that extreme events have longer-lasting effects upon estuarine suspended sediment than previously considered. These results can serve as a diagnostic tool to better predict distribution and impacts of estuarine suspended sediment in response to changes in climate and land use. C1 [Zheng, Guangming; DiGiacomo, Paul M.; Yuen-Murphy, Marilyn A.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Guangming; Kaushal, Sujay S.; Duan, Shuiwang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Guangming] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Zheng, GM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM guangming.zheng@noaa.gov RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Zheng, Guangming/J-3154-2013 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; FU NOAA's Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program; NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program [NNX11AM28G] FX This project is funded by NOAA's Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program with partial support from NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (Grant NNX11AM28G awarded to S.S.K.). We thank Lide Jiang for providing the simulated tidal current data. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. The contents of this article are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 11 BP 6494 EP 6503 DI 10.1021/es506361p PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ8UN UT WOS:000355779100019 PM 25938877 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Van Gaest, AL Strickland, SA Hutchinson, GP Krupkin, AB Dietrich, JP AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Van Gaest, Ahna L. Strickland, Stacy A. Hutchinson, Greg P. Krupkin, Alex B. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Dietary Exposure to Individual Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners BDE-47 and BDE-99 Alters Innate Immunity and Disease Susceptibility in Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RESPIRATORY BURST; RAINBOW-TROUT; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; FLAME RETARDANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; THYROID-HORMONE; TELEOST FISH; IN-VITRO AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as commercial flame-retardants, are bioaccumulating in threatened Pacific salmon. However, little is known of PBDE effects on critical physiological functions required for optimal health and survival. BDE-47 and BDE-99 are the predominant PBDE congeners found in Chinook salmon collected from the Pacific Northwest. In the present study, both innate immunity (phagocytosis and production of superoxide anion) and pathogen challenge were used to evaluate health and survival in groups of juvenile Chinook salmon exposed orally to either BDE-47 or BDE-99 at environmentally relevant concentrations. Head kidney macrophages from Chinook salmon exposed to BDE-99, but not those exposed to BDE-47, were found to have a reduced ability in vitro to engulf foreign particles. However, both congeners increased the in vitro production of superoxide anion in head kidney macrophages. Salmon exposed to either congener had reduced survival during challenge with the pathogenic marine bacteria Listonella anguillarum. The concentration response curves generated for these end points were nonmonotonic and demonstrated a requirement for using multiple environmentally relevant PBDE concentrations for effect studies. Consequently, predicting risk from toxicity reference values traditionally generated with monotonic concentration responses may underestimate PBDE effect on critical physiological functions required for optimal health and survival in salmon. C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Van Gaest, Ahna L.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Hutchinson, Greg P.; Krupkin, Alex B.] NOAA, Frank Orth & Associates, Under Contract Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 South East OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program [EPA-R10-PS-1004, 13-923270-01] FX Funds for this work were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program (EPA-R10-PS-1004, federal grant no. 13-923270-01). We thank Gina Ylitalo and Lyndal Johnson from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center as well as Sandra O'Neill from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for their thoughtful comments on the study and review of the manuscript. We thank Carla Stehr for the scanning electron microscopy photo of teleost macrophages engulfing foreign particles used for the TOC art. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 2 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 11 BP 6974 EP 6981 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b01076 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ8UN UT WOS:000355779100072 PM 25938634 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Liu, G Yan, Y Talley, KR Kaduk, JA AF Wong-Ng, W. Liu, G. Yan, Y. Talley, K. R. Kaduk, J. A. TI X-ray powder diffraction studies of (BaxSr1-x )(2)Co2Fe12O22 and (Ba-x Sr1-x)Co2Fe16O27 SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC) CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Aarhus, DENMARK DE (BaxSr1-x )(2)Co2Fe12O22; (Ba-x Sr1-x)Co2Fe16O27; crystal structure; powder X-ray diffraction patterns ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HEXAGONAL FERRITE; COBALT LOCATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; O SYSTEM; REFINEMENT; CHEMISTRY; CA3CO2O6 AB X-ray structural characterization and X-ray reference powder patterns have been determined for two series of iron- and cobalt-containing layered compounds (BaxSr1-x )(2)Co2Fe12O22 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) and (Ba-x Sr1-x)Co2Fe16O27 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The series of compounds crystallized in the space group R (3) over barm (No. 166), with Z=3. The structure is essentially that of the Y-type hexagonal ferrite, BaM2+Fe63+O11. The lattice parameters range from a = 5.859 15(8) to 5.843 72 (8) angstrom, and c = 43.4975(9) to 43.3516(9) angstrom for x = 0.2 to 0.8, respectively. The (Ba-x Sr1-x)Co2Fe16O27 series (W-type hexagonal ferrite) crystallized in the space group P6(3)/mmc (No. 194) and Z = 2. The lattice parameters range from a = 5.902 05(12) to 5.8979(2) angstrom and c= 32.9002(10) to 32.8110(13) angstrom for x = 0.2 to 0.8. Results of measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity of these two sets of samples indicated that they are insulators. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of these two series of compounds have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2015 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100008, Peoples R China. [Yan, Y.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Talley, K. R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, BCPS, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1017/S0885715614001432 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CW7LI UT WOS:000365179800011 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Huge, DH Rezek, TC Slone, DH Morris, JA AF Schofield, Pamela J. Huge, Dane H. Rezek, Troy C. Slone, Daniel H. Morris, James A., Jr. TI Survival and growth of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish at low salinities SO Aquatic Invasions LA English DT Article DE growth; Pterois volitans/miles; salinity tolerance; survival ID PTEROIS-VOLITANS; SEA; OSMOREGULATION; MANGROVE; FLOUNDER; LARVAE; MILES AB Invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish [Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and P. miles (Bennett, 1828)] are now established throughout the Western North Atlantic. Several studies have documented negative effects of lionfish on marine fauna including significant changes to reef fish community composition. Established populations of lionfish have been documented in several estuaries, and there is concern that the species may invade other low-salinity environments where they could potentially affect native fauna. To gain a better understanding of their low-salinity tolerance, we exposed lionfish to four salinities [5, 10, 20 and 34 (control)]. No lionfish mortality was observed at salinities of 34, 20 or 10, but all fish died at salinity = 5 within 12 days. Lionfish survived for at least a month at a salinity of 10 and an average of about a week at 5. Fish started the experiment at an average mass of 127.9 g, which increased at a rate of 0.55 g per day while they were alive, regardless of salinity treatment. Our research indicated lionfish can survive salinities down to 5 for short periods and thus may penetrate and persist in a variety of estuarine habitats. Further study is needed on effects of salinity levels on early life stages (eggs, larvae). C1 [Schofield, Pamela J.; Huge, Dane H.; Slone, Daniel H.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Huge, Dane H.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rezek, Troy C.; Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM lionfish@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727 FU US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program, Southeast Ecological Science Center; Southeastern Region; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX Support for this study was provided by the US Geological Survey's Invasive Species Program, Southeast Ecological Science Center and the Southeastern Region. Support was also provided through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. We thank the staff at the NOAA Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, North Carolina for laboratory support in performing the salinity tolerance experiments. This research was conducted under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit USGS/SESC 2011-07 (2013 extension). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 31 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.3391/ai.2015.10.3.08 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV5XP UT WOS:000364345100008 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hook, TO AF Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Feeding ecology of invasive age-0 white perch and native white bass after two decades of co-existence in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO Aquatic Invasions LA English DT Article DE sympatry; Morone; planktivory; benthivory; competition ID MORONE-AMERICANA; YELLOW PERCH; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; TROPHIC NICHE; GREAT-LAKES; ERIE; GROWTH; FISH; DIET; ZOOPLANKTON AB The diets and energy content of sympatric populations of invasive age-0 white perch Morone americana and native age-0 white bass Morone chrysops were evaluated in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron following >20 years of coexistence. Fish were collected during July-November in 2009 and 2010 to assess seasonal and interannual patterns of diet composition, diet similarity, feeding strategy and energy density for the two species. The diet composition by weight of age-0 white bass was dominated by various zooplankton taxa, fish, or emergent insects, depending on the month and year. Although fish occasionally comprised a large fraction of the diet biomass, they were eaten by <24% of white bass each month. The diet composition of age-0 white perch shifted from one dominated by chironomids and other benthic macroinvertebrates in 2009 to one largely consisting of Daphnia spp. in 2010. There was more overlap in standardized diet assemblages in 2010 than in 2009 due to the increased importance of Daphnia spp. in white perch diets in 2010. Contrary to expectations, complete separation of diets was not a requirement that enabled the long-term coexistence of invasive white perch and native white bass in Saginaw Bay. Both age-0 white bass and white perch had a mixed feeding strategy with varying degrees of specialization and generalization on different prey. The inter-annual variation in prey, i.e., higher densities of zooplankton in 2009 and chironomids in 2010, is directly opposite of the pattern observed in white perch diets, i.e., diets dominated by chironomids in 2009 and zooplankton in 2010. Energy density increased from July into autumn/fall for both species suggesting that food limitation was not severe. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX We thank those who helped in the field and laboratory, especially C. Roswell, B. Coggins, J. Militello, J. Comben, M. Conte, C. Prichard, D. Dieters, A. Yagiela, and J. Workman and to Z. Feiner for providing helpful comments. The editor and two anonymous reviewers provided very helpful comments on an earlier draft. Project funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. Research was approved under GLERL animal care guidelines. GLERL contribution 1745. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.3391/ai.2015.10.3.10 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV5XP UT WOS:000364345100010 ER PT J AU Khristov, V Hartford, J Wan, Q Lotfi, MR Miyagishima, K Hotaling, N Maminishkis, A Amaral, J Miller, SS Bharti, K AF Khristov, Vladimir Hartford, Juliet Wan, Qin Lotfi, Mostafa Reza Miyagishima, Kiyoharu Hotaling, Nathan Maminishkis, Arvydas Amaral, Juan Miller, Sheldon S. Bharti, Kapil TI Developing iPS Cell Derived RPE Tissue for Clinical Application SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO) CY MAY 03-07, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 [Khristov, Vladimir; Hartford, Juliet; Wan, Qin; Lotfi, Mostafa Reza; Miyagishima, Kiyoharu; Maminishkis, Arvydas; Amaral, Juan; Miller, Sheldon S.; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hotaling, Nathan] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 56 IS 7 MA 1834 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA CT5WQ UT WOS:000362882204282 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Zhao, CH AF Zhang, Liping Zhao, Chuanhu TI Processes and mechanisms for the model SST biases in the North Atlantic and North Pacific: A link with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FLUX; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SOUTHEASTERN PACIFIC; DECADAL OSCILLATION; WARM POOL; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; SEA AB Almost all of CMIP5 climate models show cold SST biases in the extratropical North Atlantic (ENA) and tropical North Atlantic (TNA) as well as in the North Pacific which are commonly linked with the weak simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). A weak AMOC and its associated reduced northward oceanic heat transport are associated with a cooling of the ENA Ocean, whereas the TNA cooling is attributable to both weak AMOC and surface heat flux. The cold biases in the ENA and TNA have remote impacts on the SST bias in the North Pacific. Here we use coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments to show the mechanisms and pathways by which the ENA and TNA affect the North Pacific. The model simulations demonstrate that the cooling SST bias in the North Pacific is largely due to the remote effect of the cooling SST bias in the ENA, while the remote impact of the TNA cooling SST bias is of secondary importance. The ENA cooling bias triggers the circumglobal teleconnection via the Northern Hemisphere annular mode, producing a strengthening of the Aleutian low, an enhancement of the southward Ekman and Oyashio cold advection, and thus a cooling SST in the North Pacific. In contrast, the TNA cooling produces a surface high extending to the eastern tropical North Pacific, inducing the northeasterly wind anomalies north, northerly cross-equatorial wind anomalies, and northwesterly wind anomalies south of the equator. This C-shape wind anomaly pattern generates an SST warming in the tropical southeastern Pacific, which eventually leads to an SST warming in the tropical central and western Pacific by the wind-evaporation-SST feedback. The tropical Pacific warming in turn leads to an SST cooling in the North Pacific by the Pacific North American teleconnection pattern. C1 [Zhang, Liping] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Liping] NOAA, Geophys Fluids Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Chuanhu] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Key Lab Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Univ, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM chzhao@ouc.edu.cn NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 739 EP 758 DI 10.1002/2014MS000415 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ7ZH UT WOS:000360825000018 ER PT J AU Pithan, F Angevine, W Mauritsen, T AF Pithan, Felix Angevine, Wayne Mauritsen, Thorsten TI Improving a global model from the boundary layer: Total turbulent energy and the neutral limit Prandtl number SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; CLOSURE-MODEL; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PARAMETRIZATION; REPRESENTATION; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; FLUXES; SCHEME AB Model intercomparisons have identified important deficits in the representation of the stable boundary layer by turbulence parametrizations used in current weather and climate models. However, detrimental impacts of more realistic schemes on the large-scale flow have hindered progress in this area. Here we implement a total turbulent energy scheme into the climate model ECHAM6. The total turbulent energy scheme considers the effects of Earth's rotation and static stability on the turbulence length scale. In contrast to the previously used turbulence scheme, the TTE scheme also implicitly represents entrainment flux in a dry convective boundary layer. Reducing the previously exaggerated surface drag in stable boundary layers indeed causes an increase in southern hemispheric zonal winds and large-scale pressure gradients beyond observed values. These biases can be largely removed by increasing the parametrized orographic drag. Reducing the neutral limit turbulent Prandtl number warms and moistens low-latitude boundary layers and acts to reduce longstanding radiation biases in the stratocumulus regions, the Southern Ocean and the equatorial cold tongue that are common to many climate models. C1 [Pithan, Felix; Mauritsen, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Pithan, Felix] Int Max Planck Res Sch Earth Syst Sci, Hamburg, Germany. [Angevine, Wayne] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pithan, F (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM f.pithan@reading.ac.uk RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 791 EP 805 DI 10.1002/2014MS000382 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ7ZH UT WOS:000360825000021 ER PT J AU Tulich, SN AF Tulich, S. N. TI A strategy for representing the effects of convective momentum transport in multiscale models: Evaluation using a new superparameterized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (SP-WRF) SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PART I; PERTURBATION PRESSURE; PARAMETERIZATION CRCP; COHERENT STRUCTURES; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; DATA ASSIMILATION AB This paper describes a general method for the treatment of convective momentum transport (CMT) in large-scale dynamical solvers that use a cyclic, two-dimensional (2-D) cloud-resolving model (CRM) as a "superparameterization'' of convective-system-scale processes. The approach is similar in concept to traditional parameterizations of CMT, but with the distinction that both the scalar transport and diagnostic pressure gradient force are calculated using information provided by the 2-D CRM. No assumptions are therefore made concerning the role of convection-induced pressure gradient forces in producing up or down-gradient CMT. The proposed method is evaluated using a new superparameterized version of the Weather Research and Forecast model (SP-WRF) that is described herein for the first time. Results show that the net effect of the formulation is to modestly reduce the overall strength of the large-scale circulation, via "cumulus friction.'' This statement holds true for idealized simulations of two types of mesoscale convective systems, a squall line, and a tropical cyclone, in addition to real-world global simulations of seasonal (1 June to 31 August) climate. In the case of the latter, inclusion of the formulation is found to improve the depiction of key synoptic modes of tropical wave variability, in addition to some aspects of the simulated time-mean climate. The choice of CRM orientation is also found to importantly affect the simulated time-mean climate, apparently due to changes in the explicit representation of wide-spread shallow convective regions. C1 [Tulich, S. N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tulich, S. N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tulich, SN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stefan.tulich@noaa.gov FU Water System Program of the National Center for Atmospheric Research - National Science Foundation (NSF); Modeling, Analysis, and Predictions Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Office for Atmospheric and Oceanic Research; NSF AGS grant [1146133] FX The initial seeds of this work were supported by the Water System Program of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). A large majority of the funding and computing resources were provided by the Modeling, Analysis, and Predictions Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Office for Atmospheric and Oceanic Research, with additional funding provided by the NSF AGS grant 1146133. Instructive conversations with David Randall and Brian Mapes were instrumental in arriving at the ESMT formulation. This paper was greatly improved through insightful review comments provided by Mike Pritchard, Robert Pincus, and one anonymous reviewer. The model data described herein have been archived on the NOAA High-Performance Storage System, which can be accessed by registered NOAA affiliates. For unregistered parties, these data can be obtained freely by contacting the author (e-mail: stefan.tulich@noaa.gov). NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 938 EP 962 DI 10.1002/2014MS000417 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ7ZH UT WOS:000360825000028 ER PT J AU Lamont, MM Putman, NF Fujisaki, I Hart, K AF Lamont, Margaret M. Putman, Nathan F. Fujisaki, Ikuko Hart, Kristen TI SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS OF DIFFERENT LIFE-STAGES OF THE LOGGERHEAD TURTLE (CARETTA CARETTA) FROM A DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; dispersal; Loop Current; marine vertebrate; ocean circulation model; sea turtle ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; HATCHLING SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE-TRACKING; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MARINE TURTLES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; CIRCULATION MODEL; STOCK STRUCTURE; HABITAT SHIFTS AB Many marine species have complex life histories that involve disparate developmental, foraging and reproductive habitats and a holistic assessment of the spatial requirements for different life stages is a challenge that greatly complicates their management. Here, we combined data from oceanographic modeling, nesting surveys, and satellite tracking to examine the spatial requirements of different life stages of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) from a distinct population segment in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our findings indicate that after emerging from nesting beaches in Alabama and Northwest Florida, hatchlings disperse widely and the proportion of turtles following a given route varies substantially through time, with the majority (mean of 74.4%) projected to leave the Gulf of Mexico. Adult females use neritic habitat throughout the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico both during the inter-nesting phase and as post-nesting foraging areas. Movements and habitat use of juveniles and adult males represent a large gap in our knowledge, but given the hatchling dispersal predictions and tracks of post-nesting females it is likely that some Loggerhead Turtles remain in the Gulf of Mexico throughout their life. More than two-thirds of the Gulf provides potential habitat for at least one life-stage of Loggerhead Turtles. These results demonstrate the importance of the Gulf of Mexico to this Distinct Population Segment of Loggerhead Turtles. It also highlights the benefits of undertaking comprehensive studies of multiple life stages simultaneously: loss of individual habitats have the potential to affect several life stages thereby having long-term consequences to population recovery. C1 [Lamont, Margaret M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Hart, Kristen] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Lamont, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM mlamont@usgs.gov FU Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Defense, Eglin Air Force Base. The modeling work was performed while NFP held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. We thank Anne Meylan at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for access to nest abundance data and Bruce Higgins at the National Marine Fisheries Service-Galveston Laboratory for release locations for two juvenile Loggerhead Turtles in St. Joseph Bay. We thank the Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research for coordinating tagging information. We appreciate the assistance from Brail Stephens, Caitlin Hackett, Erin McMichael and Russell Scarpino with data collection. All turtle handling and sampling was performed according to the Institutional Animal Care Protocols USGS-SESC-IACUC 2011-05. All work was conducted under the State of Florida Marine Turtle Permit #094 and National Marine Fisheries Service Permits #10022 and #17183. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 27 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 26 EP 43 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ1QK UT WOS:000360373100002 ER PT J AU Shaver, DJ Caillouet, CW AF Shaver, Donna J. Caillouet, Charles W., Jr. TI REINTRODUCTION OF KEMP'S RIDLEY (LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII) SEA TURTLE TO PADRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE, TEXAS AND ITS CONNECTION TO HEAD-STARTING SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; head-start; Lepidochelys kempii; nesting; satellite tracking ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHWESTERN GULF; HEADSTART PROJECT; RANCHO-NUEVO; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; MODELS; COAST; WILD AB Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is the most endangered of the sea turtles. Most nesting is on the Gulf of Mexico coastline from Texas, USA, through Veracruz, Mexico, with greatest numbers near Playa de Rancho Nuevo (RN), Tamaulipas, Mexico. The Mexican government began protecting nesters, eggs, and hatchlings at RN in 1966, but annual numbers of nests continued to decline. In January 1978, the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), and the Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INP) of Mexico implemented a bi-national Kemp's Ridley restoration and enhancement program (KRREP) for the NPS Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS) near Corpus Christi, Texas, and RN. Its planned goals were to reintroduce Kemp's Ridley to PAIS, which included head-starting, and to enhance protection of Kemp's Ridley nesters, eggs, and hatchlings at RN. This paper summarizes collecting, transporting, and incubating eggs, attempted imprinting of eggs and hatchlings, transporting hatchlings, tracking nesters, and documenting nestings in the wild. Through 2014, 20 Padre Island imprinted head-started turtles (n = 69 nests) and 39 RN imprinted head-started turtles (n = 64 nests) were recorded nesting in Texas (n = 125 nests) and near RN (n = 8 nests). C1 [Shaver, Donna J.] Natl Pk Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Caillouet, Charles W., Jr.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Shaver, DJ (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. EM donna_shaver@nps.gov; waxmanjr@aol.com FU NPS; NMFS; FWS; TPWD; INP; CONANP; SEMARNAT; Animal Rehabilitation Keep (ARK); City of Corpus Christi; Friends of Aransas and Matagorda Island National Wildlife Refuges (FAMI); Gladys Porter Zoo, HEART/Sea Turtle Restoration Project; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Park Foundation; Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA); Norcross Wildlife Foundation; Sea Turtle, Inc.; Shell Oil Company Foundation; Texas General Land Office; TAMUG; Texas Master Naturalists, Unilever HPC-USA; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Alabama at Birmingham; University of Charleston; University of Texas FX Various components of the work were funded and permitted by NPS, NMFS, FWS, TPWD, and INP (and its successor agencies including CONANP and SEMARNAT). Bryan Arroyo, Richard Byles, Kelsey Gocke, Mike Ray, Tom Shearer, Catherine Yeargan, and others aided with FWS and TPWD permitting and support. Work by PAIS personnel was authorized under FWS Permit TE840727-3, TPWD Scientific Permit SPR-0190-122, and NPS Institutional Animal Care Protocols NPS IACUC 2011-15.; Animal Rehabilitation Keep (ARK), City of Corpus Christi, Friends of Aransas and Matagorda Island National Wildlife Refuges (FAMI), Gladys Porter Zoo, HEART/Sea Turtle Restoration Project, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Park Foundation, Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), Norcross Wildlife Foundation, Sea Turtle, Inc., Shell Oil Company Foundation, Texas General Land Office, TAMUG, Texas Master Naturalists, Unilever HPC-USA, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Charleston, University of Texas, and others provided assistance or funding for activities in Texas. NR 188 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 1 BP 378 EP 435 PG 58 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CQ1QK UT WOS:000360373100026 ER PT J AU Nemiroff, RJ Joshi, R Patla, BR AF Nemiroff, Robert J. Joshi, Ravi Patla, Bijunath R. TI An exposition on Friedmann cosmology with negative energy densities SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE particle physics - cosmology connection; Cosmic strings; domain walls; monopoles; cosmology of theories beyond the SM ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; FIELD; CONSTANT; QUINTESSENCE; SUPERNOVAE; EXPANSION; WORMHOLE; TEXTURE; STRINGS AB How would negative energy density affect a classic Friedmann cosmology? Although never measured and possibly unphysical, certain realizations of quantum field theories leaves the door open for such a possibility. In this paper we analyze the evolution of a universe comprising varying amounts of negative energy forms. Negative energy components have negative normalized energy densities, Omega < 0. They include negative phantom energy with an equation of state parameter w < -1, negative cosmological constant: w = -1, negative domain walls: w = -2/3, negative cosmic strings: w = -1/3, negative mass: w = 0, negative radiation: w = 1/3 and negative ultralight: w > 1/3. Assuming that such energy forms generate pressure like perfect fluids, the attractive or repulsive nature of negative energy components are reviewed. The Friedmann equation is satisfied only when negative energy forms are coupled to a greater magnitude of positive energy forms or positive curvature. We show that the solutions exhibit cyclic evolution with bounces and turnovers. The future and fate of such universes in terms of curvature, temperature, acceleration, and energy density are reviewed. The end states are dubbed "big crunch," " big void," or "big rip" and further qualified as "warped","curved", or "flat", "hot" versus "cold", "accelerating" versus "decelerating" versus "coasting". A universe that ends by contracting to zero energy density is termed "big poof." Which contracting universes "bounce" in expansion and which expanding universes "turnover" into contraction are also reviewed. C1 [Nemiroff, Robert J.; Joshi, Ravi] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Patla, Bijunath R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nemiroff, RJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM nemiroff@mtu.edu; rjoshimtu@gmail.com; bijunath.patla@nist.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 IS 6 AR 006 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/06/006 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CO5RE UT WOS:000359215400007 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Pradhanang, SM Panthi, J Lakhankar, T Jha, AK AF Krakauer, Nir Y. Pradhanang, Soni M. Panthi, Jeeban Lakhankar, Tarendra Jha, Ajay K. TI Probabilistic Precipitation Estimation with a Satellite Product SO CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE VARIABILITY; WATER-RESOURCES; UNITED-STATES; ANALYSIS TMPA; REAL-TIME; RAINFALL; DISTRIBUTIONS; FORECASTS; VERSION; MODELS AB Satellite-based precipitation products have been shown to represent precipitation well over Nepal at monthly resolution, compared to ground-based stations. Here, we extend our analysis to the daily and subdaily timescales, which are relevant for mapping the hazards caused by storms as well as drought. We compared the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42RT product with individual stations and with the gridded APHRODITE product to evaluate its ability to retrieve different precipitation intensities. We find that 3B42RT, which is freely available in near real time, has reasonable correspondence with ground-based precipitation products on a daily timescale; rank correlation coefficients approach 0.6, almost as high as the retrospectively calibrated TMPA 3B42 product. We also find that higher-quality ground and satellite precipitation observations improve the correspondence between the two on the daily timescale, suggesting opportunities for improvement in satellite-based monitoring technology. Correlation of 3B42RT and 3B42 with station observations is lower on subdaily timescales, although the mean diurnal cycle of precipitation is roughly correct. We develop a probabilistic precipitation monitoring methodology that uses previous observations (climatology) as well as 3B42RT as input to generate daily precipitation accumulation probability distributions at each 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees grid cell in Nepal and surrounding areas. We quantify the information gain associated with using 3B42RT in the probabilistic model instead of relying only on climatology and show that the quantitative precipitation estimates produced by this model are well calibrated compared to APHRODITE. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY, NOAA CREST, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Pradhanang, Soni M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02888 USA. [Panthi, Jeeban] Small Earth Nepal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Jha, Ajay K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; soni.pradhanang@gmail.com; jeeban@smallearth.org.np; ajay.jha@colostate.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2225-1154 J9 CLIMATE JI Climate PD JUN PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP 329 EP 348 DI 10.3390/cli3020329 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN5XX UT WOS:000358508200004 ER PT J AU Mills, KL Filliben, JJ Haines, AL AF Mills, K. L. Filliben, J. J. Haines, A. L. TI Determining Relative Importance and Effective Settings for Genetic Algorithm Control Parameters SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Genetic algorithms; orthogonal fractional factorial experiment design; sensitivity analysis ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB Setting the control parameters of a genetic algorithm to obtain good results is a long-standing problem. We define an experiment design and analysis method to determine relative importance and effective settings for control parameters of any evolutionary algorithm, and we apply this method to a classic binary-encoded genetic algorithm (GA). Subsequently, as reported elsewhere, we applied the GA, with the control parameter settings determined here, to steer a population of cloud-computing simulators toward behaviors that reveal degraded performance and system collapse. GA-steered simulators could serve as a design tool, empowering system engineers to identify and mitigate low-probability, costly failure scenarios. In the existing GA literature, we uncovered conflicting opinions and evidence regarding key GA control parameters and effective settings to adopt. Consequently, we designed and executed an experiment to determine relative importance and effective settings for seven GA control parameters, when applied across a set of numerical optimization problems drawn from the literature. This paper describes our experiment design, analysis, and results. We found that crossover most significantly influenced GA success, followed by mutation rate and population size and then by rerandomization point and elite selection. Selection method and the precision used within the chromosome to represent numerical values had least influence. Our findings are robust over 60 numerical optimization problems. C1 [Mills, K. L.; Filliben, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haines, A. L.] Warren Rogers Associates, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmills@nist.gov; jfilliben@nist.gov; ahaines@warrenrogers.com NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1063-6560 EI 1530-9304 J9 EVOL COMPUT JI Evol. Comput. PD SUM PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 309 EP 342 DI 10.1162/EVCO_a_00137 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CN7VA UT WOS:000358641000005 PM 25254350 ER PT J AU Curtin, AE Skinner, R Sanders, AW AF Curtin, Alexandra E. Skinner, Ryan Sanders, Aric W. TI A Simple Metric for Determining Resolution in Optical, Ion, and Electron Microscope Images SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE microscopy; helium ion microscopy; optical microscopy; Rayleigh criterion AB A resolution metric intended for resolution analysis of arbitrary spatially calibrated images is presented. By fitting a simple sigmoidal function to pixel intensities across slices of an image taken perpendicular to light-dark edges, the mean distance over which the light-dark transition occurs can be determined. A fixed multiple of this characteristic distance is then reported as the image resolution. The prefactor is determined by analysis of scanning transmission electron microscope high-angle annular dark field images of Si<110>. This metric has been applied to optical, scanning electron microscope, and helium ion microscope images. This method provides quantitative feedback about image resolution, independent of the tool on which the data were collected. In addition, our analysis provides a nonarbitrary and self-consistent framework that any end user can utilize to evaluate the resolution of multiple microscopes from any vendor using the same metric. C1 [Curtin, Alexandra E.; Skinner, Ryan; Sanders, Aric W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Curtin, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alexandra.curtin@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1017/S1431927615000343 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CO0JJ UT WOS:000358836400025 PM 26007244 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A Wittenberg, AT Newman, M Di Lorenzo, E Yu, JY Braconnot, P Cole, J Dewitte, B Giese, B Guilyardi, E Jin, FF Karnauskas, K Kirtman, B Lee, T Schneider, N Xue, Y Yeh, SW AF Capotondi, Antonietta Wittenberg, Andrew T. Newman, Matthew Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Yu, Jin-Yi Braconnot, Pascale Cole, Julia Dewitte, Boris Giese, Benjamin Guilyardi, Eric Jin, Fei-Fei Karnauskas, Kristopher Kirtman, Benjamin Lee, Tong Schneider, Niklas Xue, Yan Yeh, Sang-Wook TI Understanding ENSO Diversity SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TONGUE EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS PROJECT AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Nino events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO's impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions. C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta; Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta; Newman, Matthew] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yu, Jin-Yi] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Braconnot, Pascale] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cole, Julia] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dewitte, Boris] LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Giese, Benjamin] Texas A&M, College Stn, TX USA. [Guilyardi, Eric] IPSL, LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Jin, Fei-Fei; Schneider, Niklas] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kirtman, Benjamin] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Xue, Yan] Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Ansan, South Korea. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM antonietta.capotondi@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU U.S. CLIVAR office; NASA; NOAA; NSF; DOE; National Science Foundation FX The authors of this paper are members of the U.S. CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Working Group, sponsored by U.S. CLIVAR. The working group wishes to acknowledge the U.S. CLIVAR office for its support, and the U.S. CLIVAR funding agencies, NASA, NOAA, NSF, and DOE, for their sponsorship. The authors would also like to thank Drs. M. McPhaden and D. Dommenget, as well as two anonymous reviewers, for their careful readings of the manuscript, excellent suggestions, and constructive criticism, which have considerably improved the paper. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. AC acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation for this study. NR 133 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 13 U2 71 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 921 EP 938 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00117.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1WZ UT WOS:000358212700001 ER PT J AU Bernardet, L Tallapragada, V Bao, S Trahan, S Kwon, Y Liu, Q Tong, M Biswas, M Brown, T Stark, D Carson, L Yablonsky, R Uhlhorn, E Gopalakrishnan, S Zhang, X Marchok, T Kuo, B Gall, R AF Bernardet, L. Tallapragada, V. Bao, S. Trahan, S. Kwon, Y. Liu, Q. Tong, M. Biswas, M. Brown, T. Stark, D. Carson, L. Yablonsky, R. Uhlhorn, E. Gopalakrishnan, S. Zhang, X. Marchok, T. Kuo, B. Gall, R. TI Community Support and Transition of Research to Operations for the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; INITIALIZATION; RESOLUTION; PHYSICS; HWRFX AB The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) is an operational model used to provide numerical guidance in support of tropical cyclone forecasting at the National Hurricane Center. HWRF is a complex multicomponent system, consisting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model coupled to the Princeton Ocean Model for Tropical Cyclones (POM-TC), a sophisticated initialization package including a data assimilation system and a set of postprocessing and vortex tracking tools. HWRF's development is centralized at the Environmental Modeling Center of NOAA's National Weather Service, but it incorporates contributions from a variety of scientists spread out over several governmental laboratories and academic institutions. This distributed development scenario poses significant challenges: a large number of scientists need to learn how to use the model, operational and research codes need to stay synchronized to avoid divergence, and promising new capabilities need to be tested for operational consideration. This article describes how the Developmental Testbed Center has engaged in the HWRF developmental cycle in the last three years and the services it provides to the community in using and developing HWRF. C1 [Bernardet, L.; Bao, S.; Brown, T.] NOAA, OAR, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bernardet, L.; Bao, S.; Brown, T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bernardet, L.; Bao, S.; Biswas, M.; Brown, T.; Stark, D.; Carson, L.; Kuo, B.] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Tallapragada, V.; Trahan, S.; Kwon, Y.; Liu, Q.; Tong, M.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Trahan, S.; Kwon, Y.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Tong, M.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Biswas, M.; Stark, D.; Carson, L.; Kuo, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yablonsky, R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Uhlhorn, E.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Zhang, X.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, X.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Marchok, T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gall, R.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bernardet, L (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway GSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ligia.Bernardet@noaa.gov RI Bernardet, Ligia/N-3357-2014; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014 OI Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X FU NOAA; Air Force Weather Agency; National Science Foundation; National Center for Atmospheric Research; HFIP FX The DTC is funded by NOAA, the Air Force Weather Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This work was partially supported by HFIP. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00093.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1XC UT WOS:000358213000001 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Young, K Hock, T Lauritsen, D Behringer, D Black, M Black, PG Franklin, J Halverson, J Molinari, J Nguyen, L Reale, T Smith, J Sun, BM Wang, Q Zhang, JA AF Wang, Junhong (June) Young, Kate Hock, Terry Lauritsen, Dean Behringer, Dalton Black, Michael Black, Peter G. Franklin, James Halverson, Jeff Molinari, John Leon Nguyen Reale, Tony Smith, Jeff Sun, Bomin Wang, Qing Zhang, Jun A. TI A Long-Term, High-Quality, High-Vertical-Resolution GPS Dropsonde Dataset for Hurricane and Other Studies SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; WIND SHEAR; INFLOW LAYER; INTENSITY; IMPACT; FORECASTS; PROFILES; SYSTEM AB A GPS dropsonde is a scientific instrument deployed from research and operational aircraft that descends through the atmosphere by a parachute. The dropsonde provides high-quality, high-vertical-resolution profiles of atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and direction from the aircraft flight level to the surface over oceans and remote areas. Since 1996, GPS dropsondes have been routinely dropped during hurricane reconnaissance and surveillance flights to help predict hurricane track and intensity. From 1996 to 2012, NOAA has dropped 13,681 dropsondes inside hurricane eye walls or in the surrounding environment for 120 tropical cyclones (TCs). All NOAA dropsonde data have been collected, reformatted to one format, and consistently and carefully quality controlled using state-of-the-art quality-control (QC) tools. Three value-added products, the vertical air velocity and the radius and azimuth angle of each dropsonde location, are generated and added to the dataset. As a result, a long-term (1996-2012), high-quality, high-vertical-resolution (similar to 5-15 m) GPS dropsonde dataset is created and made readily available for public access. The dropsonde data collected during hurricane reconnaissance and surveillance flights have improved TC-track and TC-intensity forecasts significantly. The impact of dropsonde data on hurricane studies is summarized. The scientific applications of this long-term dropsonde dataset are highlighted, including characterizing TC structures, studying TC environmental interactions, identifying surface-based ducts in the hurricane environment that affect electromagnetic wave propagation, and validating satellite temperature and humidity profiling products. C1 [Wang, Junhong (June); Young, Kate; Hock, Terry; Lauritsen, Dean; Behringer, Dalton] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wang, Junhong (June)] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Black, Michael; Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Black, Peter G.] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Franklin, James] NOAA, NHC, Miami, FL USA. [Halverson, Jeff] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Molinari, John; Leon Nguyen] SUNY Albany, DAES, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Reale, Tony] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Smith, Jeff] NOAA, AOC, Tampa, FL USA. [Sun, Bomin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Wang, Qing] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM jwang20@albany.edu RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888; FU National Science Foundation [AGS1132576]; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-10-C-6019] FX The dropsonde development over the years is a joint effort of many people and institutions from the national and international community. We thank all who made the developments and deployments of the dropsonde successful. L. Nguyen is grateful for funding support from the National Science Foundation Grant AGS1132576. Support for P. Black is gratefully acknowledged through Naval Research Laboratory Contract N00173-10-C-6019. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 961 EP 973 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00203.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1XC UT WOS:000358213000002 ER PT J AU Walsh, KJE Camargo, SJ Vecchi, GA Daloz, AS Elsner, J Emanuel, K Horn, M Lim, YK Roberts, M Patricola, C Scoccimarro, E Sobel, AH Strazzo, S Villarini, G Wehner, M Zhao, M Kossin, JP Larow, T Oouchi, K Schubert, S Wang, H Bacmeister, J Chang, P Chauvin, F Jablonowski, C Kumar, A Murakami, H Ose, T Reed, KA Saravanan, R Yamada, Y Zarzycki, CM Vidale, PL Jonas, JA Henderson, N AF Walsh, Kevin J. E. Camargo, Suzana J. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Daloz, Anne Sophie Elsner, James Emanuel, Kerry Horn, Michael Lim, Young-Kwon Roberts, Malcolm Patricola, Christina Scoccimarro, Enrico Sobel, Adam H. Strazzo, Sarah Villarini, Gabriele Wehner, Michael Zhao, Ming Kossin, James P. LaRow, Tim Oouchi, Kazuyoshi Schubert, Siegfried Wang, Hui Bacmeister, Julio Chang, Ping Chauvin, Fabrice Jablonowski, Christiane Kumar, Arun Murakami, Hiroyuki Ose, Tomoaki Reed, Kevin A. Saravanan, Ramalingam Yamada, Yohei Zarzycki, Colin M. Vidale, Pier Luigi Jonas, Jeffrey A. Henderson, Naomi TI HURRICANES AND CLIMATE The US CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; GENESIS POTENTIAL INDEX; CMIP5 MODELS; FUTURE CHANGES; 20-1ST-CENTURY PROJECTIONS; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL AB While a quantitative climate theory of tropical cyclone formation remains elusive, considerable progress has been made recently in our ability to simulate tropical cyclone climatologies and to understand the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation. Climate models are now able to simulate a realistic rate of global tropical cyclone formation, although simulation of the Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology remains challenging unless horizontal resolutions finer than 50 km are employed. This article summarizes published research from the idealized experiments of the Hurricane Working Group of U.S. Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR). This work, combined with results from other model simulations, has strengthened relationships between tropical cyclone formation rates and climate variables such as midtropospheric vertical velocity, with decreased climatological vertical velocities leading to decreased tropical cyclone formation. Systematic differences are shown between experiments in which only sea surface temperature is increased compared with experiments where only atmospheric carbon dioxide is increased. Experiments where only carbon dioxide is increased are more likely to demonstrate a decrease in tropical cyclone numbers, similar to the decreases simulated by many climate models for a future, warmer climate. Experiments where the two effects are combined also show decreases in numbers, but these tend to be less for models that demonstrate a strong tropical cyclone response to increased sea surface temperatures. Further experiments are proposed that may improve our understanding of the relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation, including experiments with two-way interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere and variations in atmospheric aerosols. C1 [Walsh, Kevin J. E.; Horn, Michael] Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Camargo, Suzana J.; Sobel, Adam H.; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhao, Ming; Murakami, Hiroyuki] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Daloz, Anne Sophie] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Elsner, James; Strazzo, Sarah; LaRow, Tim] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Emanuel, Kerry] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Roberts, Malcolm] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Patricola, Christina; Chang, Ping; Saravanan, Ramalingam] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Scoccimarro, Enrico] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. [Oouchi, Kazuyoshi; Yamada, Yohei] JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Bacmeister, Julio; Reed, Kevin A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chauvin, Fabrice] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Zarzycki, Colin M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ose, Tomoaki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Vidale, Pier Luigi] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Walsh, KJE (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM kevin.walsh@unimelb.edu.au RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Reed, Kevin/C-4466-2012; Murakami, Hiroyuki/L-5745-2015; Zarzycki, Colin/E-5691-2014; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Jablonowski, Christiane/I-9068-2012; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; Patricola, Christina/L-9902-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Reed, Kevin/0000-0003-3741-7080; Jablonowski, Christiane/0000-0003-0407-0092; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; Patricola, Christina/0000-0002-3387-0307; Strazzo, Sarah/0000-0003-1332-3135; Vidale, Pier Luigi/0000-0002-1800-8460; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X FU NASA; NOAA; NSF; DOE; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; U.S. DOE [DE-SC0006824, DE-SC0006684, DE-SC0004966]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310154, NA11OAR4310092]; NSF AGS [1143959]; NASA [NNX09AK34G]; Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan FX We wish to take this opportunity to recognize the essential contributions from participating modeling groups (U.S. DOE-NCAR CAM5.1, CMCC ECHAM5, CNRM, FSU COAPS, NOAA GFDL HiRAM, NASA GISS-Columbia University, NASA GSFC GEOS-5, Hadley Centre HadGEM3, JAMSTEC NICAM, MRI CGCM3, NCEP GFS, and WRF) that ran model experiments and furnished their data for analysis. We also appreciate the contributions of NOAA GFDL for hosting the meeting that led to this paper, the U.S. CLIVAR Project Office and UCAR JOSS for logistics support, and the U.S. CLIVAR funding agencies-NASA, NOAA, NSF, and DOE for their sponsorship. The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin and the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility provided supercomputing resources used to perform portions of the simulations described in this paper. Portions of the work described in this paper were funded in part by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (Grant CE110001028); the U.S. DOE Grants DE-SC0006824, DE-SC0006684, and DE-SC0004966; the NOAA Grants NA11OAR4310154 and NA11OAR4310092; NSF AGS 1143959; and NASA Grant NNX09AK34G. E. Scoccimarro received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea under the GEMINA project. The numerical experiments for NICAM and MRI-AGCM were performed on the Earth Simulator of JAMSTEC under the framework of the KAKUSHIN project funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. NR 126 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1017 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00242.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1XE UT WOS:000358213200002 ER PT J AU Ludlow, AD Ye, J AF Ludlow, Andrew D. Ye, Jun TI Progress on the optical lattice clock SO COMPTES RENDUS PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article DE Optical clock; Optical lattice; Strontium; Ytterbium; Blackbody Stark; Cold collision; Quantum metrology ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; UNCERTAINTY; METROLOGY; MAGNETISM; FERMIONS; SHIFT AB Optical lattice clocks have made significant leaps forward in recent years, demonstrating the ability to measure time/frequency at unprecedented levels. Here we highlight this progress, with a particular focus on research efforts at NIST and JILA. We discuss advances in frequency instability and the characterization of key systematic effects, with a brief outlook to the future. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Academie des sciences. C1 [Ludlow, Andrew D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0705 EI 1878-1535 J9 CR PHYS JI C. R. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.03.008 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN0MH UT WOS:000358107200006 ER PT J AU Gray, AR Riser, SC AF Gray, Alison R. Riser, Stephen C. TI A method for multiscale optimal analysis with application to Argo data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE objective mapping; iterative generalized least squares; spherical radial basis functions; absolute geostrophic velocities ID RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS; LEAST-SQUARES; SCATTERED DATA; APPROXIMATION AB This study presents an optimal analysis method for estimating the large- and small-scale components of a field from observations. This technique relies on an iterative generalized least squares procedure to determine the statistics of the small-scale fluctuations directly from the data and is thus especially valuable when such information is not known a priori. The use of spherical radial basis functions in fitting the large-scale signal is suggested, particularly when the domain is sufficiently large. Two test cases illustrate several of the properties of this procedure, demonstrate its utility, and provide practical guidelines for its use. This method is then applied to observations collected by the Argo array of profiling floats to produce global gridded absolute geostrophic velocity estimates. C1 [Gray, Alison R.; Riser, Stephen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gray, AR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM argray@princeton.edu OI Gray, Alison/0000-0002-1644-7654 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232]; NOAA FX The model output used in this work is available through the HyCOM data server (https://hycom.org). The Argo data were collected by the International Argo Program and the many affiliated national programs and are available through the Global Data Assembly Centers at http://www.coriolis.eu.org/ and http://www.usgodae.org/argo. In particular, we acknowledge the capable and enthusiastic management of the US Argo Program by Steve Piotrowicz of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This study was supported by NOAA through grant NA17RJ1232 Task 2 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Ocean and Atmosphere at the University of Washington. A. R. Gray was supported in part by a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. We also thank Paul Sampson for providing insight regarding the statistical background and methodology. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4340 EP 4356 DI 10.1002/2014JC010208 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CN0SP UT WOS:000358124100025 ER PT J AU Denton, RE Takahashi, K Lee, J Zeitler, CK Wimer, NT Litscher, LE Singer, HJ Min, K AF Denton, R. E. Takahashi, Kazue Lee, Jimyoung Zeitler, C. K. Wimer, N. T. Litscher, L. E. Singer, H. J. Min, Kyungguk TI Field line distribution of mass density at geostationary orbit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mass density; field line distribution; geostationary orbit; Alfven waves ID TOROIDAL EIGENFREQUENCIES; ULF WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; RESONANCES AB The distribution of mass density along the field lines affects the ratios of toroidal (azimuthally oscillating) Alfven frequencies, and given the ratios of these frequencies, we can get information about that distribution. Here we assume the commonly used power law form for the field line distribution, (m) = (m,eq)(LRE/R), where (m,eq) is the value of the mass density (m) at the magnetic equator, L is the L shell, R-E is the Earth's radius, R is the geocentric distance to a point on the field line, and is the power law coefficient. Positive values of indicate that (m) increases away from the magnetic equator, zero value indicates that (m) is constant along the magnetic field line, and negative indicates that there is a local peak in (m) at the magnetic equator. Using 12years of observations of toroidal Alfven frequencies by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, we study the typical dependence of inferred values of on the magnetic local time (MLT), the phase of the solar cycle as specified by the F-10.7 extreme ultraviolet solar flux, and geomagnetic activity as specified by the auroral electrojet (AE) index. Over the mostly dayside range of the observations, we find that decreases with respect to increasing MLT and F-10.7, but increases with respect to increasing AE. We develop a formula that depends on all three parameters, 3Dmodel=2.2+1.3.cos(MLT15 degrees)+0.0026AEcos(MLT-0.8)15 degrees)+2.110-5AEF10.7-0.010F10.7, that models the binned values of within a standard deviation of 0.3. While we do not yet have a complete theoretical understanding of why should depend on these parameters in such a way, we do make some observations and speculations about the causes. At least part of the dependence is related to that of (m,eq); higher , corresponding to steeper variation with respect to magnetic latitude, occurs when (m,eq) is lower. C1 [Denton, R. E.; Lee, Jimyoung; Zeitler, C. K.; Wimer, N. T.; Litscher, L. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Zeitler, C. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wimer, N. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Min, Kyungguk] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu FU NSF [AGS-1105790, AGS-1106427]; NASA [NNX10AQ60G, NNG05GJ70G] FX Work at Dartmouth was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790 and NASA grants NNX10AQ60G and NNG05GJ70G. Work at JHU APL was supported by NSF grant AGS-1106427. Values of AE come originally from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University, and values of F10.7 come originally from NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center. Numerical data shown in this paper are available from the lead author upon request. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4409 EP 4422 DI 10.1002/2014JA020810 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CN1RZ UT WOS:000358199100023 ER PT J AU Peck, ED Randall, CE Green, JC Rodriguez, JV Rodger, CJ AF Peck, E. D. Randall, C. E. Green, J. C. Rodriguez, J. V. Rodger, C. J. TI POES MEPED differential flux retrievals and electron channel contamination correction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MEPED; MEE; POES ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION EVENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ODD NITROGEN; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; ION CHEMISTRY; OZONE; MESOSPHERE; TERM AB A correction method to remove proton contamination from the electron channels of the Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites Medium Energy Proton/Electron Detector ( MEPED) is described. Proton contamination estimates are based on measurements in five of the MEPED proton spectral channels. A constrained inversion of the MEPED proton channel response function matrix is used to calculate proton differential flux spectra. In this inversion, the proton energy distribution is described by a weighted combination of exponential, power law, and Maxwellian distributions. Proton contamination in the MEPED electron spectral channels is derived by applying the electron channel proton sensitivities to the proton fluxes from the best fit proton spectra. Once the electron channel measurements are corrected for proton contamination, an inversion of the electron channel response function matrix is used to calculate electron differential flux spectra. A side benefit of the method is that it yields an estimate for the integrated electron flux in the energy range from 300 keV to 2.5 MeV with a center energy at similar to 800 keV. The final product is a differential spectrum of electron flux covering the energy range from about 10 keV to 2.5MeV that is devoid of proton contamination except during large solar proton events. Comparisons of corrected MEPED differential fluxes to the Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions Instrument for Detecting Particles show that MEPED fluxes are greater than what is expected from altitude-induced particle population changes; this is attributed at least partially to measurement differences in pitch angle range. C1 [Peck, E. D.; Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peck, E. D.; Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Green, J. C.] Space Hazards Applicat LLC, Golden, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Rodger, C. J.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Peck, ED (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ethan.peck@lasp.colorado.edu RI Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU NSF [AGS 1135432]; NASA [NNX10AQ54G, NNX14AH54G, NNX09AI04G] FX We thank P. O'Brien for making his spectral retrieval methods available to the public via SourceForge. Thanks to CNES/CESR Centre de Donnees pour la Physique des Plasmas (CDPP) for providing the DEMETER IDP data. Thanks to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI, formerly the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)) for providing the MEPED data used in this work. Corrected MEPED output and DEMETER IDP data used in this study can be obtained on request from Ethan D. Peck (ethan. peck@lasp.colorado.edu). Original MEPED observations can be obtained from NOAA NCEI at http://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/poes/dataaccess.html. Funding for this research came from NSF AGS 1135432 and NASA NNX10AQ54G, NNX14AH54G, and NNX09AI04G. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4596 EP 4612 DI 10.1002/2014JA020817 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CN1RZ UT WOS:000358199100039 ER PT J AU Maute, A Hagan, ME Yudin, V Liu, HL Yizengaw, E AF Maute, A. Hagan, M. E. Yudin, V. Liu, H. -L. Yizengaw, E. TI Causes of the longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical E x B drift during the 2013 SSW period as simulated by the TIME-GCM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stratospheric sudden warming; equatorial vertical drift; lower atmosphere forcing; geomagnetic forcing ID STRATOSPHERIC SUDDEN WARMINGS; HIGH SOLAR-ACTIVITY; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SEMIDIURNAL TIDE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; LOW LATITUDES; MODEL AB During stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) periods large changes in the low-latitude vertical drift have been observed at Jicamarca as well as in other longitudinal sectors. In general, a strengthening of the daytime maximum vertical drift with a shift from prenoon to the afternoon is observed. During the January 2013 stratospheric warming significant longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical drift were observed. At Jicamarca the previously reported SSW behavior prevails; however, no shift of the daytime maximum drift was exhibited in the African sector. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) the possible causes for the longitudinal difference are examined. The timing of the strong SSW effect in the vertical drift (15-20 January) coincides with moderate geomagnetic activity. The simulation indicates that approximately half of the daytime vertical drift increase in the American sector may be related to the moderate geophysical conditions (Kp=4) with the effect being negligible in the African sector. The simulation suggests that the wind dynamo accounts for approximately 50% of the daytime vertical drift in the American sector and almost 100% in the African sector. The simulation agrees with previous findings that the migrating solar tides and the semidiurnal westward propagating tide with zonal wave number 1 (SW1) mainly contribute to the daytime wind dynamo and vertical drift. Numerical experiments suggest that the neutral wind and the geomagnetic main field contribute to the presence (absence) of a local time shift in the daytime maximum drift in the American (African) sector. C1 [Maute, A.; Hagan, M. E.; Yudin, V.; Liu, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yudin, V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yudin, V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Yizengaw, E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Maute, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM maute@ucar.edu RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Hagan, Maura/C-7200-2008 OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Hagan, Maura/0000-0002-8866-7429 FU NASA [NNX14AP03G, NNX09AN57G, NNX14AI17G]; National Science Foundation [1138784]; NSF [AGS1343031]; CU-CIRES Fellowship; NSF through Cornell [AGS-0905448] FX TIME-GCM results are archived on the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Performance Storage System and are available on request. A.M. was supported in part by NASA grants NNX14AP03G and NNX09AN57G. HL was supported in part by National Science Foundation 1138784 award. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. V.A.Y. was in part supported by NASA (NNX14AI17G), NSF (AGS1343031) research grants, and the CU-CIRES Fellowship. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofsico del Peru operated with support from NSF award AGS-0905448 through Cornell. JRO data used for this publication are available through the Madrigal database. The results presented in this paper rely on the data collected at Addis Ababaand Adigrat. We thank Geophysical Observatory of Addis Ababa University (Ethiopia) and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (France), for supporting its operation and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). We thank the African Meridian B-Field Education and Research (AMBER) Array for making the data from Adigrat, Ethiopia, available. MERRA data used in this study/project have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. The GEOS-5 data used in this study/project have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank the SuperDARN community to make SAM results available. The WACCMX-L116/GEOS5 results are archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Performance Storage System and are available on request. NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 5117 EP 5136 DI 10.1002/2015JA021126 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CN1RZ UT WOS:000358199100075 ER PT J AU Matsuo, T Knipp, DJ Richmond, AD Kilcommons, L Anderson, BJ AF Matsuo, Tomoko Knipp, Delores J. Richmond, Arthur D. Kilcommons, Liam Anderson, Brian J. TI Inverse procedure for high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics: Analysis of satellite-borne magnetometer data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE FAC; data assimilation; high-latitude; electrodynamics; ionosphere ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; IRIDIUM AB This paper presents an analysis of data from the magnetometers on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-15, F-16, F-17, and F-18 satellites and the Iridium satellite constellation, using an inverse procedure for high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics, during the period of 29-30 May 2010. The Iridium magnetometer data are made available through the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) program. The method presented here is built upon the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics procedure but with a more complete treatment of the prior model uncertainty to facilitate an optimal inference of complete polar maps of electrodynamic variables from irregularly distributed observational data. The procedure can provide an objective measure of uncertainty associated with the analysis. The cross-validation analysis, in which the DMSP data are used as independent validation data sets, suggests that the procedure yields the spatial prediction of DMSP perturbation magnetic fields from AMPERE data alone with a median discrepancy of 30-50nT. Discrepancies larger than 100nT are seen in about 20% of total samples, whose location and magnitude are generally consistent with the previously identified discrepancy between DMSP and AMPERE data sets. Resulting field-aligned current (FAC) patterns exhibit more distinct spatial patterns without spurious high-frequency oscillatory features in comparison to the FAC products provided by AMPERE. Maps of the toroidal magnetic potential and FAC estimated from both AMPERE and DMSP data under four distinctive interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions during a magnetic cloud event demonstrate the IMF control of high-latitude electrodynamics and the opportunity for future scientific investigation. C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Natl Ocean Amospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Knipp, Delores J.; Kilcommons, Liam] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.; Richmond, Arthur D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Anderson, Brian J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu FU NSF [AGS 1025089, PLR-1443703, AGS 1144154, AGS 1135446]; NASA [NNX14AI17G, NNX13AG07G]; AFOSR [1210429] FX This study is supported by the NSF grants AGS 1025089 and PLR-1443703. T.M. is partly supported by the NASA award NNX14AI17G. D.J.K. is partially supported by the NSF grant AGS 1144154. A.D.R. was partly supported by the AFOSR contract 1210429 and NSF grant AGS 1135446. L.M.K. is partially supported by the NASA grant NNX13AG07G. We would like to acknowledge Fred Rich at MIT Lincoln Laboratory for providing the DMSP data and the AMPERE Science Center for providing the Iridium-derived data. We thank Ellen Cousins for her helpful comments. National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Data resulting from the analysis presented in this paper can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author, T. Matsuo (tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 120 IS 6 BP 5241 EP 5251 DI 10.1002/2014JA020565 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CN1RZ UT WOS:000358199100083 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Avila, R John, L Levine, Z Yankelevitz, D AF Chen-Mayer, H. Avila, R. John, L. Levine, Z. Yankelevitz, D. TI Evaluation of a Lung Density CT Standard Reference Material SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; John, L.; Levine, Z.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avila, R.] Accumetra, Albany, NY USA. [Yankelevitz, D.] Mt Sinai Hosp, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3245 EP 3245 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998301237 PM 26127319 ER PT J AU Mille, M Bergstrom, P AF Mille, M. Bergstrom, P. TI Monte Carlo Calculation of Correction Factors for a Free-Air Ionization Chamber in Support of a National Air-Kerma Standard for Electronic Brachytherapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Mille, M.; Bergstrom, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3462 EP 3462 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998302258 PM 26128214 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R AF Chen-Mayer, H. Tosh, R. TI Excess Heat Corrections in a Prototype Calorimeter for Direct Realization of CT Absorbed Dose to Phantom SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Tosh, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3542 EP 3543 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998302591 PM 26128548 ER PT J AU Ouhib, Z Fulkerson, R Zhang, J Mitch, M AF Ouhib, Z. Fulkerson, R. Zhang, J. Mitch, M. TI Electronic Brachytherapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Ouhib, Z.] Lynn Reg Canc Ctr, Boca Raton, FL USA. [Zhang, J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mitch, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3555 EP 3556 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998302633 PM 26128627 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Fain, S Judy, P AF Chen-Mayer, H. Fain, S. Judy, P. TI Investigation of Volume Adjustment Techniques in Low Dose CT Lung Densitometry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Tech, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Fain, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Judy, P.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3634 EP 3635 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998303166 PM 26129070 ER PT J AU Bateman, F Tosh, R AF Bateman, F. Tosh, R. TI Investigation of a Small Photomultiplier-Based Probe for Use in Beam Diagnostics and Medical Dosimetry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 [Bateman, F.; Tosh, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 42 IS 6 BP 3650 EP 3650 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CL5KH UT WOS:000356998303221 PM 26129145 ER PT J AU Singer, HJ AF Singer, Howard J. TI Selected New Articles on the Topic of Space Weather From AGU Journals: Published Between January and March 2015 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOLAR-WIND C1 NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Singer, HJ (reprint author), NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM howard.singer@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 359 EP 361 DI 10.1002/2015SW001236 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8NT UT WOS:000357959400002 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Cook, RF Boyce, BL AF DelRio, Frank W. Cook, Robert F. Boyce, Brad L. TI Fracture strength of micro- and nano-scale silicon components SO APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; THETA-LIKE SPECIMENS; MEASURING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; POLYSILICON THIN-FILMS; TO-DUCTILE TRANSITION; SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FLIP-CHIP ASSEMBLIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON AB Silicon devices are ubiquitous in many micro-and nano-scale technological applications, most notably microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Despite their widespread usage, however, issues related to uncertain mechanical reliability remain a major factor inhibiting the further advancement of device commercialization. In particular, reliability issues related to the fracture of MEMS components have become increasingly important given continued reductions in critical feature sizes coupled with recent escalations in both MEMS device actuation forces and harsh usage conditions. In this review, the fracture strength of micro-and nano-scale silicon components in the context of MEMS is considered. An overview of the crystal structure and elastic and fracture properties of both single-crystal silicon (SCS) and polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) is presented. Experimental methods for the deposition of SCS and polysilicon films, fabrication of fracture-strength test components, and analysis of strength data are also summarized. SCS and polysilicon fracture strength results as a function of processing conditions, component size and geometry, and test temperature, environment, and loading rate are then surveyed and analyzed to form overarching processing-structure-property-performance relationships. Future studies are suggested to advance our current view of these relationships and their impacts on the manufacturing yield, device performance, and operational reliability of micro-and nano-scale silicon devices. C1 [DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyce, Brad L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov; robert.cook@nist.gov; blboyce@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is neither intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government; not subject to copyright. NR 282 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1931-9401 J9 APPL PHYS REV JI Appl. Phys. Rev. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 2 AR 021303 DI 10.1063/1.4919540 PG 51 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CM3UC UT WOS:000357609200003 ER PT J AU Fortsch, M Gerrits, T Stevens, MJ Strekalov, D Schunk, G Furst, JU Vogl, U Sedlmeir, F Schwefel, HGL Leuchs, G Nam, SW Marquardt, C AF Foertsch, Michael Gerrits, Thomas Stevens, Martin J. Strekalov, Dmitry Schunk, Gerhard Fuerst, Josef U. Vogl, Ulrich Sedlmeir, Florian Schwefel, Harald G. L. Leuchs, Gerd Nam, Sae Woo Marquardt, Christoph TI Near-infrared single-photon spectroscopy of a whispering gallery mode resonator using energy-resolving transition edge sensors SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; transition edge sensors; crystalline whispering gallery mode resonators; spontaneous parametric downconversion ID MICROCALORIMETER AB We demonstrate a method to perform spectroscopy of near-infrared single photons without the need of dispersive elements. This method is based on a photon energy resolving transition edge sensor and is applied for the characterization of widely wavelength tunable narrow-band single photons emitted from a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator. We measure the emission wavelength of the generated signal and idler photons with an uncertainty of up to 2 nm. C1 [Foertsch, Michael; Strekalov, Dmitry; Schunk, Gerhard; Fuerst, Josef U.; Vogl, Ulrich; Sedlmeir, Florian; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael; Schunk, Gerhard; Fuerst, Josef U.; Vogl, Ulrich; Sedlmeir, Florian; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael; Schunk, Gerhard; Sedlmeir, Florian] SAOT, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. [Gerrits, Thomas; Stevens, Martin J.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leuchs, Gerd] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Fortsch, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sci Light, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1 Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM christoph.marquardt@mpl.mpg.de RI Marquardt, Christoph/E-5332-2011; Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014; Leuchs, Gerd/G-6178-2012 OI Marquardt, Christoph/0000-0002-5045-513X; Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797; Leuchs, Gerd/0000-0003-1967-2766 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/17/6/065501 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL7OT UT WOS:000357162300014 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cooley, SR Yates, KK Williamson, P AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Cooley, Sarah R. Yates, Kimberly K. Williamson, Phillip TI Introduction to this Special Issue on Ocean Acidification: THE PATHWAY FROM SCIENCE TO POLICY SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; GLOBAL CHANGE; CORAL-REEF; CALCIFICATION; 21ST-CENTURY; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ORGANISMS; IMPACTS C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 24 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700004 ER PT J AU Andersson, AJ Kline, DI Edmunds, PJ Archer, SD Bednarsek, N Carpenter, RC Chadsey, M Goldstein, P Grottoli, AG Hurst, TP King, AL Kubler, JE Kuffner, IB Mackey, KRM Menge, BA Paytan, A Riebesell, U Schnetzer, A Warner, ME Zimmerman, RC AF Andersson, Andreas J. Kline, David I. Edmunds, Peter J. Archer, Stephen D. Bednarsek, Nina Carpenter, Robert C. Chadsey, Meg Goldstein, Philip Grottoli, Andrea G. Hurst, Thomas P. King, Andrew L. Kuebler, Janet E. Kuffner, Ilsa B. Mackey, Katherine R. M. Menge, Bruce A. Paytan, Adina Riebesell, Ulf Schnetzer, Astrid Warner, Mark E. Zimmerman, Richard C. TI Understanding Ocean Acidification Impacts on Organismal to Ecological Scales SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CORAL-REEFS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; MARINE ORGANISMS; CALCIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECOSYSTEM; PH; METAANALYSIS; MESOCOSM AB Ocean acidification (OA) research seeks to understand how marine ecosystems and global elemental cycles will respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry in combination with other environmental perturbations such as warming, eutrophication, and deoxygenation. Here, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of current research approaches used to address this goal. A diverse combination of approaches is essential to decipher the consequences of OA to marine organisms, communities, and ecosystems. Consequently, the benefits and limitations of each approach must be considered carefully. Major research challenges involve experimentally addressing the effects of OA in the context of large natural variability in seawater carbonate system parameters and other interactive variables, integrating the results from different research approaches, and scaling results across different temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Andersson, Andreas J.; Kline, David I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Edmunds, Peter J.; Carpenter, Robert C.; Kuebler, Janet E.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Archer, Stephen D.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Chadsey, Meg] Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA USA. [Goldstein, Philip] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grottoli, Andrea G.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [King, Andrew L.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kuffner, Ilsa B.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Mackey, Katherine R. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Menge, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paytan, Adina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Riebesell, Ulf] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Biol Oceanog, Kiel, Germany. [Schnetzer, Astrid] N Carolina State Univ, Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Warner, Mark E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. [Zimmerman, Richard C.] Old Dominion Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Andersson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aandersson@ucsd.edu; dkline@ucsd.edu OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 96 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700005 ER PT J AU Sutton, A Manzello, D Gintert, B AF Sutton, Adrienne Manzello, Derek Gintert, Brooke TI Coupling Chemical and Biological Monitoring to Understand the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sutton, Adrienne] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sutton, Adrienne] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Manzello, Derek] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gintert, Brooke] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sutton, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM adrienne.sutton@noaa.gov RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014 OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 28 EP 29 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.28 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700006 ER PT J AU Busch, DS O'Donnell, MJ Hauri, C Mach, KJ Poach, M Doney, SC Signorini, SR AF Busch, D. Shallin O'Donnell, Michael J. Hauri, Claudine Mach, Katharine J. Poach, Matthew Doney, Scott C. Signorini, Sergio R. TI Understanding, Characterizing, and Communicating Responses to Ocean Acidification CHALLENGES AND UNCERTAINTIES SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE ORGANISMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS; SCIENCE; CO2; COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATION; STRESSORS AB Over the past decade, ocean acidification (OA) has emerged as a major concern in ocean science. The field of OA is based on certainties-update of carbon dioxide into the global ocean alters its carbon chemistry, and many marine organisms, especially calcifiers, are sensitive to this change. However, the field must accommodate uncertainties about the seriousness of these impacts as it synthesizes and draws conclusions from multiple disciplines. There is pressure from stakeholders to expeditiously inform society about the extent to which OA will impact marine ecosystems and the people who depend on them. Ultimately, decisions about actions related to OA require evaluating risks about the likelihood and magnitude of these impacts. As the scientific literature accumulates, some of the uncertainty related to single-species sensitivity to OA is diminishing. Difficulties remain in scaling laboratory results to species and ecosystem responses in nature, though modeling exercises provide useful insight. As recognition of OA grows scientists' ability to communicate the certainties and uncertainties of our knowledge on OA is crucial for interaction with decision makers. In this regard, there are a number of valuable practices that can be drawn from other fields, especially the global climate change community. A generally accepted set of best practices that scientists follow in their discussions of uncertainty would be helpful for the community engaged in ocean acidification. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [O'Donnell, Michael J.] Calif Ocean Sci Trust, Oakland, CA USA. [Hauri, Claudine] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hauri, Claudine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Mach, Katharine J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, IPCC Working Grp Tech Support Unit 2, Dept Global Ecol, Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Poach, Matthew] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Highlands, NJ USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signorini, Sergio R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Signorini, Sergio R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM shallin.busch@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; National Marine Fisheries Service; NSF-supported Center for Climate and Energy Decision Making; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program FX We thank the organizers of the 2013 OA Principal Investigators Meeting for their efforts to build a community of OA researchers and for their foresight in providing us the venue to develop the themes discussed in this paper. W. Balch, F. Dobbs, H. Galindo, J. Grear, F. Morel, S. Palumbi, M. Saito, and C. Zakroff contributed to the initial discussions around uncertainty. R. Brainard and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the manuscript The following funding sources supported our work on this manuscript: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and National Marine Fisheries Service (DSB, MP), NSF-supported Center for Climate and Energy Decision Making (SCD), and NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (SS). The content of this manuscript does not reflect any position of the US Government or of NOAA. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 43 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.29 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700007 ER PT J AU Breitburg, DL Salisbury, J Bernhard, JM Cai, WJ Dupont, S Doney, SC Kroeker, KJ Levin, LA Long, WC Milke, LM Miller, SH Phelan, B Passow, U Seibel, BA Todgham, AE Tarrant, AM AF Breitburg, Denise L. Salisbury, Joseph Bernhard, Joan M. Cai, Wei-Jun Dupont, Sam Doney, Scott C. Kroeker, Kristy J. Levin, Lisa A. Long, W. Christopher Milke, Lisa M. Miller, Seth H. Phelan, Beth Passow, Uta Seibel, Brad A. Todgham, Anne E. Tarrant, Ann M. TI And on Top of All That... Coping with Ocean Acidification in the Midst of Many Stressors SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SEA-URCHIN LARVAE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; COASTAL WATERS; CORAL-REEFS; IMPACTS; OXYGEN; PH AB Oceanic and coastal waters are acidifying due to processes dominated in the open ocean by increasing atmospheric CO2 and dominated in estuaries and some coastal waters by nutrient-fueled respiration. The patterns and severity of acidification, as well as its effects, are modified by the host of stressors related to human activities that also influence these habitats. Temperature, deoxygenation, and changes in food webs are particularly important co-stressors because they are pervasive, and both their causes and effects are often mechanistically linked to acidification. Development of a theoretical underpinning to multiple stressor research that considers physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives is needed because testing all combinations of stressors and stressor intensities experimentally is impossible. Nevertheless, use of a wide variety of research approaches is a logical and promising strategy for improving understanding of acidification and its effects. Future research that focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of stressor interactions and on identifying mechanisms by which multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is critical. It is also necessary to incorporate consideration of multiple stressors into management, mitigation, and adaptation to acidification and to increase public and policy recognition of the importance of addressing acidification in the context of the suite of other stressors with which it potentially interacts. C1 [Breitburg, Denise L.; Miller, Seth H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Salisbury, Joseph] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bernhard, Joan M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst WHOI, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Dupont, Sam] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fiskebackski, Sweden. [Doney, Scott C.] WHOI, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Kroeker, Kristy J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, NMFS, Kodiak, AK USA. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT USA. [Phelan, Beth] NOAA, NMFS, Highlands, NJ USA. [Passow, Uta] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Seibel, Brad A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Todgham, Anne E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tarrant, Ann M.] WHOI, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Breitburg, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM breitburgd@si.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Long, William/C-7074-2009; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU NOAA-CSCOR [NA10NOS4780138]; NASA [NNX14AL8]; NSF [OCE-1219948, OCE-927445, OCE-1041062, EF-1041070, EF-0424599, OCE-1041038, EF-1316113, ANT-1142122, OCE-1316040]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program Office; Swedish Research Council VR; Swedish Research Council Formas FX We would like to thank the organizers of the 2013 Ocean Acidification principal investigators meeting for bringing the authors together to focus on this important issue, and S.R. Cooley and the other editors of this volume for their help and support throughout the writing process. A. Maas provided data plotted in Figure 2a. DLB thanks K. Cottingham for sharing ideas on multiple stressors, and I. Fang and H. Soulen for collecting data plotted in Fig. 2b. Funding for research on acidification and multiple stressors was provided by NOAA-CSCOR NA10NOS4780138 to DLB, NASA NNX14AL8 to JS, NSF OCE-1219948 to JMB, NSF OCE-927445 and OCE-1041062 to LAL, NSF EF-1041070 to W-JC, a Linnaeus grant from the Swedish Research Councils VR and Formas to SD, NSF EF-0424599 to SCD, NSF OCE-1041038 to UP, NSF EF-1316113 to BAS, NSF ANT-1142122 to AET, NSF OCE-1316040 to AMT, and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program Office to BP, LMM, and WCL. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 95 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 11 U2 124 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.31 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700009 ER PT J AU Alin, SR Brainard, RE Price, NN Newton, JA Cohen, A Peterson, WT DeCarlo, EH Shadwick, EH Noakes, S Bednarsek, N AF Alin, Simone R. Brainard, Russell E. Price, Nichole N. Newton, Jan A. Cohen, Anne Peterson, William T. DeCarlo, Eric H. Shadwick, Elizabeth H. Noakes, Scott Bednarsek, Nina TI Characterizing the Natural System: Toward Sustained, Integrated Coastal Ocean Acidification Observing Networks to Facilitate Resource Management and Decision Support SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ECOSYSTEMS; SATURATION; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; CARBON AB Coastal ocean ecosystems have always served human populations they provide food security, livelihoods, coastal protection, and defense. Ocean acidification is a global threat to these ecosystem services, particularly when other local and regional stressors combine with it to jeopardize coastal health. Monitoring efforts call for a coordinated global approach toward sustained, integrated coastal ocean health observing networks to address the region-specific mix of factors while also adhering to global ocean acidification observing network principles to facilitate comparison among regions for increased utility and understanding. Here, we generalize guidelines for scoping and designing regional coastal ocean acidification observing networks and provide examples of existing efforts. While challenging in the early stages of coordinating the design and prioritizing the implementation Of these observing networks, it is essential to actively engage all of the relevant stakeholder groups from the outset, including private industries, public agencies, regulatory bodies, decision makers, and the general public. The long-term sustainability of these critical observing networks will rely on leveraging of resources and the strength of partnerships across the consortium of stakeholders and those implementing coastal ocean health observing networks. C1 [Alin, Simone R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. [Price, Nichole N.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Washington Ocean Acidificat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cohen, Anne] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. [DeCarlo, Eric H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Marine Geol & Geochem Div, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shadwick, Elizabeth H.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Noakes, Scott] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Isotope Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Alin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM simone.r.alin@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The authors wish to thank the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program and its Ocean Acidification Subcommittee for organizing and hosting the Second Ocean Acidification Principal Investigators' Meeting, where the foundation for this article was laid. We also thank the National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for funding the meeting, as well as much of the science that informed our productive discussions. We thank Jon Hare for discussion that particularly improved the manuscript, as well as Richard Feely, the editors, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive reviews on earlier versions. Alin thanks NOAAs Ocean Acidification Program and Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4267) for supporting her role in the meeting and paper. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 24 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 92 EP 107 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.34 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700012 ER PT J AU Salisbury, J Vandemark, D Jonsson, B Balch, W Chakraborty, S Lohrenz, S Chapron, B Hales, B Mannino, A Mathis, JT Reul, N Signorini, SR Wanninkhof, R Yates, KK AF Salisbury, Joseph Vandemark, Douglas Joensson, Bror Balch, William Chakraborty, Sumit Lohrenz, Steven Chapron, Bertrand Hales, Burke Mannino, Antonio Mathis, Jeremy T. Reul, Nicolas Signorini, Sergio R. Wanninkhof, Rik Yates, Kimberly K. TI How Can Present and Future Satellite Missions Support Scientific Studies that Address Ocean Acidification? SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK TECHNIQUES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UPWELLING SYSTEM; TOTAL ALKALINITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; RIVER PLUME; CO2; PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON AB Space-based observations offer unique capabilities for studying spatial and temporal dynamics of the upper ocean inorganic carbon cycle and, in turn, supporting research tied to ocean acidification (OA). Satellite sensors measuring sea surface temperature, color, salinity, wind, waves, currents, and sea level enable a fuller understanding of a range of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena that drive regional OA dynamics as well as the potentially varied impacts of carbon cycle change on a broad range of ecosystems. Here, we update and expand on previous work that addresses the benefits of space-based' assets for OA and carbonate system studies. Carbonate chemistry and the key processes controlling surface ocean OA variability are reviewed. Synthesis of present satellite data streams and their utility in this arena are discussed, as are opportunities on the horizon for using new satellite sensors with increased spectral, temporal, and/or spatial resolution. We outline applications that include the ability to track the biochemically dynamic nature of water masses, to map coral reefs at higher resolution, to discern functional phytoplankton groups and their relationships to acid perturbations, and to track processes that contribute to acid variation near the land-ocean interface. C1 [Salisbury, Joseph; Vandemark, Douglas] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Joensson, Bror] Princeton Univ, Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Balch, William] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Chakraborty, Sumit; Lohrenz, Steven] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA. [Chapron, Bertrand] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plouzane, France. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ocean Ecol Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reul, Nicolas] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, La Seyne Sur Mer, France. [Signorini, Sergio R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Signorini, Sergio R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Salisbury, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM joe.salisbury@unh.edu RI Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015; reul, nicolas/C-4895-2009; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975; Reul, Nicolas/0000-0003-4881-2967 FU NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry program [NNX14AL84G]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and Integrated Ocean Observing System programs, Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) [A002004, USM-GR05194-001]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4303]; Pathfinder ESA-STSE Ocean Acidification; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge our sponsors whose grants made this collaboration possible. The NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry program (particularly NNX14AL84G), the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and Integrated Ocean Observing System programs, including Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS) grants A002004 and USM-GR05194-001, Pathfinder ESA-STSE Ocean Acidification, and the National Science Foundation. Background and satellite images in Figure 1 are courtesy of NASA, except the GOCI satellite image, which is courtesy of the Korea Ocean Satellite Research Center and the SMOS satellite image, which is courtesy of the European Space Agency. Aquarius is a joint mission shared by NASA and CONAE. We appreciate the insightful critiques of Frank Muller-Karger, Nick Hardman-Mountford, and one anonymous reviewer, and thank Amy Ehntholt and Kristy Donahue for valuable help. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the US Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4303). NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.35 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700013 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Cross, JN Evans, W Doney, SC AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Cross, Jessica N. Evans, Wiley Doney, Scott C. TI Ocean Acidification in the Surface Waters of the Pacific-Arctic Boundary Regions SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; CARBON-CYCLE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISSOCIATION; ECOSYSTEM; SEAWATER; DIOXIDE; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The continental shelves of the Pacific-Arctic Region (PAR) are especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification (OA) because the intrusion of anthropogenic CO, is not the only process that can reduce pH and carbonate mineral saturation states for aragonite (Darn). Enhanced sea ice melt, respiration of organic matter, upwelling, and riverine inputs have been shown to exacerbate CO2-driven ocean acidification in high-latitude regions. Additionally, the indirect effect of changing sea ice coverage is providing a positive feedback to OA as more open water will allow for greater uptake of atmospheric CO,. Here, we compare model-based outputs from the Community Earth System Model with a subset of recent ship-based observations, and take an initial look at future model projections of surface water Omega(arag) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. We then use the model outputs to define benchmark years when biological impacts are likely to result from reduced Omega(arag). Each of the three continental shelf seas in the PAR will become undersaturated with respect to aragonite at approximately 30-year intervals, indicating that aragonite undersaturations gradually progress upstream along the flow path of the waters as they move north from the Pacific Ocean. However, naturally high variability in Omega(arag) may indicate higher resilience of the Bering Sea ecosystem to these low-Omega(arag) conditions than the ecosystems of the Chukchi and the Beaufort Seas. Based on our initial results, we have determined that the annual mean for Omega(arag) will pass below the current range of natural variability in 2025 for the Beaufort Sea and 2027 for the Chukchi Sea. Because of the higher range of natural variability, the annual mean for Omega(arag) for the Bering Sea does not pass out of the natural variability range until 2044. As Omega(arag) in these shelf seas slips below the present-day range of large seasonal variability by mid-century, the diverse ecosystems that support some of the largest commercial and subsistence fisheries in the world may be under tremendous pressure. C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.; Evans, Wiley] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Cross, Jessica N.; Evans, Wiley] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU National Science Foundation [PLR- 1041102, AGS-1048827]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4265]; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program) of the US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We sincerely thank our colleagues Ivan Lima at Woods Hole Oceanography Institution, and Natalie Monacci, Dan Naber, Stacey Reisdorph, and Lauren Frisch at the University of Alaska Fairbanks Ocean Acidification Research Center for their help in this project. We also owe a debt of gratitude to the outstanding crew of the USCGC Healy for making this work possible. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (PLR- 1041102 and AGS-1048827), and we are grateful for the opportunity to do this work. We would like to thank members of the CESM Biogeochemistry Working Group. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program) of the US Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4265). NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 39 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 135 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.36 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700014 ER PT J AU Barton, A Waldbusser, GG Feely, RA Weisberg, SB Newton, JA Hales, B Cudd, S Eudeline, B Langdon, CJ Jefferds, I King, T Suhrbier, A McLaughlin, K AF Barton, Alan Waldbusser, George G. Feely, Richard A. Weisberg, Stephen B. Newton, Jan A. Hales, Burke Cudd, Sue Eudeline, Benoit Langdon, Chris J. Jefferds, Ian King, Teri Suhrbier, Andy McLaughlin, Karen TI Impacts of Coastal Acidification on the Pacific Northwest Shellfish Industry and Adaptation Strategies Implemented in Response SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SATURATION STATE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; MARINE ORGANISMS; WILLAPA BAY; OYSTER; PH; ECOSYSTEM AB In 2007, the US west coast shellfish industry began to feel the effects of unprecedented levels of larval mortality in commercial hatcheries producing the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Subsequently, researchers at Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, working with academic and government scientists, showed a high correlation between aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) of inflowing seawater and survival of larval groups, clearly linking increased CO, to hatchery failures. This work led the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association (PCSGA) to instrument shellfish hatcheries and coastal waters, establishing a monitoring network in collaboration with university researchers and the US Integrated Ocean Observing System. Analytical developments, such as the ability to monitor Omega(arag) in real time, have greatly improved the industry's understanding of carbonate chemistry and its variability and informed the development of commercial-scale water treatment systems. These treatment systems have generally proven effective, resulting in billions of additional oyster larvae supplied to Pacific Northwest oyster growers. However, significant challenges remain, and a multifaceted approach, including selective breeding of oyster stocks, expansion of hatchery capacity, continued monitoring of coastal water chemistry, and improved understanding of biological responses will all be essential to the survival of the US west coast shellfish industry. C1 [Barton, Alan; Cudd, Sue] Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Tillamook, OR 97141 USA. [Waldbusser, George G.; Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weisberg, Stephen B.; McLaughlin, Karen] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eudeline, Benoit] Taylor Shellfish Hatchery, Quilcene, WA USA. [Langdon, Chris J.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR USA. [Jefferds, Ian] Penn Cove Shellfish, Coupeville, WA USA. [King, Teri] Washington Sea Grant, Shelton, WA USA. [Suhrbier, Andy] Pacific Shellfish Inst, Olympia, WA USA. RP Barton, A (reprint author), Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Tillamook, OR 97141 USA. EM alan_barton22@yahoo.com RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Waldbusser, George/0000-0002-8334-580X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; NOANs Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4268] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the determination of Robin Downey, Bill Dewey, Margaret Barrette, and Connie Smith in finding, and maintaining, funding for the PCSGA Monitoring Program. We thank the Washington governor's office and state legislature, and in particular Sen. Maria Cantwell, for their vision in understanding the importance of coastal monitoring to West Coast shellfish growers, and their continued support for OA monitoring in the Pacific Northwest. We owe special thanks to the Oregon Coastal Caucus, and Sen. Betsy Johnson, for their tenacious support of Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, the Molluscan Broodstock Program, and the Oregon shellfish industry at large. We would like to recognize Brad Warren, Todd Capson, and Amy Grondin from the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership for their role in raising awareness of OA's impacts on shellfish in the Pacific Northwest and for building a bridge between hatchery managers, commercial fishermen, and resource managers across the United States and around the globe. We acknowledge the efforts of Diane Pleschner-Steele and Bruce Steele for their role in broadening the discussion to include OA's impacts on valuable wild fisheries, and in helping to bring together scientists, shellfish growers, commercial fishermen, and resource managers to form and sustain the California Current Acidification Network (C-CAN). We would like to express thanks to Bill Robertson (Seattle Aquarium, retired) for his practical insight into the design of commercial scale water treatment systems. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program and NOANs Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4268). NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 18 U2 76 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.38 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700016 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, K Weisberg, SB Dickson, AG Hofmann, GE Newton, JA Aseltine-Neilson, D Barton, A Cudd, S Feely, RA Jefferds, IW Jewett, EB King, T Langdon, CJ McAfee, S Pleschner-Steele, D Steele, B AF McLaughlin, Karen Weisberg, Stephen B. Dickson, Andrew G. Hofmann, Gretchen E. Newton, Jan A. Aseltine-Neilson, Deborah Barton, Alan Cudd, Sue Feely, Richard A. Jefferds, Ian W. Jewett, Elizabeth B. King, Teri Langdon, Chris J. McAfee, Skyli Pleschner-Steele, Diane Steele, Bruce TI Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network LINKING CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBONATE CHEMISTRY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CURRENT SYSTEM; SEAWATER; IMPACTS; EUTROPHICATION; ADAPTATION; SOLUBILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Numerous monitoring efforts are underway to improve understanding of ocean acidification and its impacts on coastal environments, but there is a need to develop a coordinated approach that facilitates spatial and temporal comparisons of drivers and responses on a regional scale. Toward that goal, the California Current Acidification Network (C-CAN) held a series of workshops to develop a set of core principles for facilitating integration of ocean acidification monitoring efforts on the US West Coast. The recommended core principles include: (1) monitoring measurements should facilitate determination of aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) as the common currency of comparison, allowing a complete description of the inorganic carbon system; (2) maximum uncertainty of +/- 0.2 in the calculation of Omega(arag) is required to adequately link changes in ocean chemistry to changes in ecosystem function; (3) inclusion of a variety of monitoring platforms and levels of effort in the network will insure collection of high-frequency temporal data at fixed locations as well as spatial mapping across locations; (4) physical and chemical oceanographic monitoring should be linked with biological monitoring; and (5) the monitoring network should share data and make it accessible to a broad audience. C1 [McLaughlin, Karen; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Northwest Assoc Networked Ocean Observing Syst, Seattle, WA USA. [Newton, Jan A.; Feely, Richard A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aseltine-Neilson, Deborah] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA USA. [Barton, Alan; Cudd, Sue] Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Tillamook, OR USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jefferds, Ian W.] Penn Cove Shellfish, Coupeville, PA USA. [Jewett, Elizabeth B.] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Washington, DC USA. [King, Teri] Univ Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA USA. [Langdon, Chris J.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR USA. [McAfee, Skyli] Calif Ocean Sci Trust, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Pleschner-Steele, Diane] Calif Wetfish Producers Assoc, Buellton, CA USA. [Steele, Bruce] Calif Sea Urchin Diver, Buellton, CA USA. RP McLaughlin, K (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM karenm@sccwrp.org RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; NOANs Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4269]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX The core principles presented in this document result from a series of workshops held to develop a strategy for monitoring ocean acidification parameters along the US West Coast. We thank the many workshop participants for their thoughtful comments, and we thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for supporting the workshops. We also thank the California Current Acidification Network (C-CAN) participants who reviewed this document. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program and NOANs Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL contribution number 4269). NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 160 EP 169 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.39 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700017 ER PT J AU Boehm, AB Jacobson, MZ O'Donnell, MJ Sutula, M Wakefield, WW Weisberg, SB Whiteman, E AF Boehm, Alexandria B. Jacobson, Mark Z. O'Donnell, Michael J. Sutula, Martha Wakefield, W. Waldo Weisberg, Stephen B. Whiteman, Elizabeth TI Ocean Acidification Science Needs for Natural Resource Managers of the North American West Coast SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; SEAWATER PH; CHEMISTRY; IMPACT; EUTROPHICATION; ADAPTATION; ORGANISMS; ECOSYSTEM; CO2 AB Natural circulation patterns along the west coast of North America periodically draw subthermocline, low pH waters into shallow coastal areas. The presence of corrosive, low pH waters, caused by ocean acidification (OA), is frequently observed along the North American west coast. Reduction of global atmospheric CO, inputs is the appropriate management focus for decreasing OA, but there are also many management decisions made at regional to local spatial scales that can lessen the exposure to or limit the effects of atmospheric CO,. Here, we describe these local management actions and identify the science needs that would assist local managers in deciding whether, and how best, to address local OA. Science needs are diverse, but three commonalities emerge. First, managers need a comprehensive monitoring program that expands understanding of spatial and temporal OA patterns and how OA changes influence marine ecosystems. Second, they require mechanistic, process-based models that differentiate natural from anthropogenically driven OA patterns and the extent to which local actions would affect OA conditions in context of what is largely a global atmospheric-driven phenomenon. Models present the opportunity to visualize outcomes with and without the changes in management actions included in model scenarios. Third, managers need models that identify which locales are most and least vulnerable to future changes due to OA. Understanding vulnerability will assist managers in better siting facilities (e.g., aquaria) or protecting marine resources. The required monitoring and modeling are all achievable, with much of the necessary research and development already underway. The challenge will be to ensure good and continuing communication between the management community that requires the information and the scientific community that is often hesitant to provide recommendations while uncertainty remains high. C1 [Boehm, Alexandria B.; Jacobson, Mark Z.] Stanford Univ, Environm & Water Studies Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [O'Donnell, Michael J.; Whiteman, Elizabeth] Calif Ocean Sci Trust, Oakland, CA USA. [Sutula, Martha] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Dept Biochem, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. [Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Boehm, AB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Environm & Water Studies Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aboehm@stanford.edu RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU California Ocean Protection Council; California Ocean Science Trust; Institute of Natural Resources, Oregon FX This paper is a product of the West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel. It was developed by a working group that included panel members and relevant external experts, and it has received input from the full panel. The Panel is convened by the California Ocean Science Trust and is supported by the California Ocean Protection Council, the California Ocean Science Trust, and the Institute of Natural Resources, Oregon. The authors acknowledge Meg Caldwell, who provided input to an early version of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.40 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700018 ER PT J AU Gledhill, DK White, MM Salisbury, J Thomas, H Mlsna, I Liebman, M Mook, B Grear, J Candelmo, AC Chambers, RC Gobler, CJ Hunt, CW King, AL Price, NN Signorini, SR Standoff, E Stymiest, C Wahle, RA Waller, JD Rebuck, ND Wang, ZHA Capson, TL Morrison, JR Cooley, SR Doney, SC AF Gledhill, Dwight K. White, Meredith M. Salisbury, Joseph Thomas, Helmuth Mlsna, Ivy Liebman, Matthew Mook, Bill Grear, Jason Candelmo, Allison C. Chambers, R. Christopher Gobler, Christopher J. Hunt, Christopher W. King, Andrew L. Price, Nichole N. Signorini, Sergio R. Standoff, Esperanza Stymiest, Cassie Wahle, Richard A. Waller, Jesica D. Rebuck, Nathan D. Wang, Zhaohui A. Capson, Todd L. Morrison, J. Ruairidh Cooley, Sarah R. Doney, Scott C. TI Ocean and Coastal Acidification off New England and Nova Scotia SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS GUNNERUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS; JUVENILE BIVALVES; SATURATION STATE; MARINE ORGANISMS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB New England coastal and adjacent Nova Scotia shelf waters have a reduced buffering capacity because of significant freshwater input, making the regions waters potentially more vulnerable to coastal acidification. Nutrient loading and heavy precipitation events further acidify the regions poorly buffered coastal waters. Despite the apparent vulnerability of these waters, and fisheries and maricultures significant dependence on calcifying species, the community lacks the ability to confidently predict how the regions ecosystems will respond to continued ocean and coastal acidification. Here, we discuss ocean and coastal acidification processes specific to New England coastal and Nova Scotia shelf waters and review current understanding of the biological consequences most relevant to the region. We also identify key research and monitoring needs to be addressed and highlight existing capacities that should be leveraged to advance a regional understanding of ocean and coastal acidification. C1 [Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [White, Meredith M.; Price, Nichole N.; Waller, Jesica D.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Salisbury, Joseph] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Thomas, Helmuth] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Mlsna, Ivy] US EPA, Off Water, Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Boston, MA USA. [Liebman, Matthew] US EPA, Boston, MA USA. [Mook, Bill] Mook Seafarm Inc, Walpole, ME USA. [Grear, Jason] US EPA, Populat Ecol Branch, Narragansett, RI USA. [Candelmo, Allison C.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr NEFSC, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Chambers, R. Christopher] NOAA, NEFSC, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hunt, Christopher W.] Univ New Hampshire, Nat Resources & Earth Syst Sci PhD Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [King, Andrew L.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway. [Signorini, Sergio R.] NASA, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Crofton, MD USA. [Standoff, Esperanza] Univ Maine Cooperat Extens & Sea Grant, Waldoboro, ME USA. [Stymiest, Cassie] Northeast Reg Assoc Coastal Ocean Observing Syst, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [Wahle, Richard A.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Waller, Jesica D.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME USA. [Rebuck, Nathan D.] NOAA, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI USA. [Wang, Zhaohui A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Capson, Todd L.] Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, Washington, DC USA. [Morrison, J. Ruairidh] NERACOOS, Portsmouth, NH USA. [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. [Doney, Scott C.] WHOI, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Gledhill, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dwight.gledhill@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; White, Meredith/0000-0001-8113-9618; Hunt, Christopher/0000-0001-8061-4560 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Award [NA11NOS0120034]; Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); NASA [NNX14AL84G NASA-CCS] FX NECAN thanks the presenters of the NECAN webinar series and participants at the state-of-science workshop for thoughtful insights. For a complete listing of participants and contributors, please consult the NECAN website (http://www.neracoos.org/necan). NECAN is coordinated in part by NERACOOS (http://www.neracoos.org), with funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Award #NA11NOS0120034. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the EPA. JS acknowledges support from NASA grant from NNX14AL84G NASA-CCS. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of the federal agencies with which any of the contributing authors may be affiliated. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 50 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 182 EP 197 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.41 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700019 ER PT J AU Cooley, SR Jewett, EB Reichert, J Robbins, L Shrestha, G Wieczorek, D Weisberg, SB AF Cooley, Sarah R. Jewett, Elizabeth B. Reichert, Julie Robbins, Lisa Shrestha, Gyami Wieczorek, Dan Weisberg, Stephen B. TI Getting Ocean Acidification on Decision Makers' To-Do Lists Dissecting the Process Through Case Studies SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RED KING CRAB; COASTAL ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; IMPACTS; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ORGANISMS; ECOSYSTEM; SCIENCE AB Much detailed, incremental knowledge being generated by current scientific research on ocean acidification (OA) does not directly address the need of decision makers, who are asking broad question such-as: Where will OA harm marine resources next? When will this happen? Who will be affected? And how much will it cost? In this review, we use a series of mainly US-based case studies to explore the needs of local to international-scale groups that are making decisions to address OA concerns. Decisions concerning OA have been made most naturally and easily when information needs were clearly defined and closely aligned with science outputs and initiatives. For decisions requiring more complex information, the process slows dramatically. Decision making about OA is greatly aided (1) when a mixture of specialists participates, including scientists, resource users and managers, and policy and law makers; (2) when goals can be clearly agreed upon at the beginning of the process; (3) when mixed groups of specialists plan and create translational documents explaining the likely outcomes of policy decisions on ecosystems and natural resources; (4) when regional work on OA fits into an existing set of priorities concerning climate or water quality; and (5) when decision making can be reviewed and enhanced. C1 [Cooley, Sarah R.] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Jewett, Elizabeth B.] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Reichert, Julie] Oyster Recovery Partnership, Annapolis, MD USA. [Robbins, Lisa] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Shrestha, Gyami] US Global Change Res Program, US Carbon Cycle Sci Program Off, Washington, DC USA. [Wieczorek, Dan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Cooley, SR (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM scooley@ocean-conservancy.org RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Shrestha, Gyami/F-9118-2014 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Shrestha, Gyami/0000-0001-7150-8731 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank the other members of our discussion group at the 2013 OA Principal Investigators' Meeting in Washington, DC, and particularly those who contributed ideas and energy to the early draft of this paper: Hernan Garcia, Sherri Phillips, and Courtney Barry. We also thank three anonymous US Environmental Protection Agency employees, Nathaniel Plant (US Geological Survey), and Thomas Armstrong (formerly White House/USGCRP/DOI) for their input. Detailed and thoughtful reviews from Beth Phelan (NOAA), Carol Turley (Plymouth Marine Laboratory), Dorothee Herr (IUCN), and two other anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. This article was supported in part by an appointment with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program at the US Environmental Protection Agency NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 198 EP 211 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.42 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700020 ER PT J AU Yates, KK Turley, C Hopkinson, BM Todgham, AE Cross, JN Greening, H Williamson, P Van Hooidonk, R Deheyn, DD Johnson, Z AF Yates, Kimberly K. Turley, Carol Hopkinson, Brian M. Todgham, Anne E. Cross, Jessica N. Greening, Holly Williamson, Phillip Van Hooidonk, Ruben Deheyn, Dimitri D. Johnson, Zackary TI Transdisciplinary Science A Path to Understanding the Interactions Among Ocean Acidification, Ecosystem, and Society SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL ACIDIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB The global nature of ocean acidification (OA) transcends habitats, ecosystems, regions, and science disciplines. The scientific community recognizes that the biggest challenge in 'improving understanding of how changing OA conditions affect ecosystems, and associated consequences for human society, requires integration of experimental, observational, and modeling approaches from many disciplines over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Such transdisciplinary science is the next step in providing relevant, meaningful results and optimal guidance to policymakers and coastal managers. We discuss the challenges associated with integrating ocean acidification science across funding agencies, institutions, disciplines, topical areas, and regions, and the value of unifying science objectives and activities to deliver-insights into local, regional, and global scale impacts. We identify guiding principles and strategies for developing transdisciplinary research in the ocean acidification science community. C1 [Yates, Kimberly K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Turley, Carol] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Hopkinson, Brian M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Todgham, Anne E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cross, Jessica N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Greening, Holly] Tampa Bay Estuary Program, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Williamson, Phillip] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Deheyn, Dimitri D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Johnson, Zackary] Duke Univ, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Durham, NC USA. RP Yates, KK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL USA. EM kyates@usgs.gov RI Johnson, Zackary/E-4601-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI Johnson, Zackary/0000-0003-0793-8512; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU UK Ocean Acidification research programme; NERC; government department (Defra); government department (DECC); NSF [ANT-1142122] FX The authors would like to thank the members of our discussion group at the 2013 OA Principal Investigators Meeting in Washington, DC, for assisting with the development of concepts for this paper. We also thank Jack Kindinger and anonymous reviewers for comments on early drafts of the manuscript Betsy Boynton from the US Geological Survey assisted with graphics. CT and PW acknowledge support from the UK Ocean Acidification research programme, co-funded by national research funders (NERC) and government departments (Defra and DECC). Funding for research in ocean acidification was provided by NSF ANT-1142122 to AET. And use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2015.43 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700021 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE Cosca, C Kozyr, A Mayorga, E Chandler, C Thomas, RW O'Brien, K Appeltans, W Hankin, S Newton, JA Gutierrez, A Gattuso, JP Hansson, L Zweng, M Pfeil, B AF Garcia, Hernan E. Cosca, Cathy Kozyr, Alex Mayorga, Emilio Chandler, Cynthia Thomas, Robert W. O'Brien, Kevin Appeltans, Ward Hankin, Steve Newton, Jan A. Gutierrez, Angelica Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Hansson, Lina Zweng, Melissa Pfeil, Benjamin TI Data Management Strategy to Improve Global Use of Ocean Acidification Data and Information SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the general decrease in pH of the global ocean as a result of absorbing anthropogenic CO2 emitted in the atmosphere since preindustrial times (sabine et al., 2004). There is, however, considerable variability in ocean acidification, and many careful measurements need to be made and compared in order to obtain scientifically valid information for the assessment of patterns, trends, and impacts over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and to understand the process involved. A single country or institution cannot undertaken measurements of worldwide coastal and open ocean OA changes; therefore, international cooperation is needed to achieve that goal. The OA data that have been, and are being, collected represent a significant public investment. To this end, it is critically important that researchers (and others) around the world are easily able to find and use reliable OA information that range from observing data (from time-series moorings, process studies, and research cruises), to biological response experiments (e.g., mesocosm), data products, and model output. C1 [Garcia, Hernan E.; Zweng, Melissa] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cosca, Cathy; Hankin, Steve] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kozyr, Alex] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mayorga, Emilio; Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Chandler, Cynthia] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Biol & Chem Oceanog Data Management Off, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Thomas, Robert W.] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [O'Brien, Kevin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean JSIAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Appeltans, Ward] UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, Int Oceanog Data & Informat Exchange IODE, Oostende, Belgium. [Gutierrez, Angelica] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gattuso, Jean-Pierre] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Hansson, Lina] IAEA, Environm Labs, Ocean Acidificat Int Coordinat Ctr, Monaco, Monaco. [Pfeil, Benjamin] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. RP Garcia, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM hernan.garcia@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI BP 226 EP 228 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CL8NP UT WOS:000357231700022 ER PT J AU Nekouee, N Hamidi, SA Roberts, PJW Schwab, DJ AF Nekouee, Navid Hamidi, Sajad Ahmad Roberts, Philip J. W. Schwab, David J. TI Assessment of a 3D Hydrostatic Model (POM) in the Near Field of a Buoyant River Plume in Lake Michigan SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Thermal diffusion; Numerical modeling; Two-layer flow; River plume; Hydrodynamic ID SURFACE-LAYER; CIRCULATION; DISPERSION AB River plumes are the major source of nutrients, sediments, and other pollutant into the coastal waters. The predictive capability of a 3D hydrodynamic model (POMGL), a version of the common Princeton Ocean Model (POM), adapted for the Great Lakes, is assessed versus field measurements. The model was applied to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics as the Grand River plume entering Lake Michigan. A nesting technique was adapted to represent the circulation and thermal structure of the surface river plume with a higher resolution. The model was compared with extensive field studies in the vicinity of Grand Haven. The current predictions showed fairly good agreement with observations, although the thermal structure of the flow especially near the river mouth was not very well represented. The model showed a weak stratification and a mild temperature transition from the plume to the lake water and therefore more diffusion. Application of hydrostatic models in exchange flows (e.g., buoyant river plumes) is recommended with reservations and coupling of these models with near field entrainment or empirical models to consider the nonhydrostatic nature of lake-river interface currents. C1 [Nekouee, Navid] Tetra Tech, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. [Hamidi, Sajad Ahmad] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Roberts, Philip J. W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Hamidi, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM hamidi@uwm.edu FU NOAA, Oceans, and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NOAA, Oceans, and Human Health Initiative (OHHI), the assistance of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for providing POMGL code, and the observation data. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 226 IS 7 AR 210 DI 10.1007/s11270-015-2488-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA CM4XS UT WOS:000357690100024 ER PT J AU Natarajan, B Lachman, N Lam, T Jacobs, D Long, C Zhao, MH Wardle, BL Sharma, R Liddle, JA AF Natarajan, Bharath Lachman, Noa Lam, Thomas Jacobs, Douglas Long, Christian Zhao, Minhua Wardle, Brian L. Sharma, Renu Liddle, J. Alexander TI The Evolution of Carbon Nanotube Network Structure in Unidirectional Nanocomposites Resolved by Quantitative Electron Tomography SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE electron tomography; carbon nanotubes; nanocomposites; image analysis; nanostructure ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL CONDUCTION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; FILMS; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; WAVINESS; MODULUS; MICROTOMOGRAPHY AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymers are next-generation, high-performance, multifunctional materials with a wide array of promising applications. The successful introduction of such materials is hampered by the lack of a quantitative understanding of process structure property relationships. These relationships can be developed only through the detailed characterization of the nanoscale reinforcement morphology within the embedding medium. Here, we reveal the three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale morphology of high volume fraction (V-f) aligned (NT/epoxy-matrix nanocomposites using energy-filtered electron tomography. We present an automated phase-identification method for fast, accurate, representative rendering of the CNT spatial arrangement in these low-contrast bimaterial systems. The resulting nanometer-scale visualizations provide quantitative information on the evolution of CNT morphology and dispersion state with increasing V-f including network structure, CNT alignment, bundling and waviness. The CNTs are observed to exhibit a nonlinear increase in bundling and alignment and a decrease in waviness as a function of increasing V-f. Our findings explain previously observed discrepancies between the modeled and measured trends in bulk mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The techniques we have developed for morphological quantitation are applicable to many low-contrast material systems. C1 [Natarajan, Bharath; Lam, Thomas; Long, Christian; Zhao, Minhua; Sharma, Renu; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Natarajan, Bharath; Long, Christian] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanotr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lachman, Noa; Wardle, Brian L.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jacobs, Douglas] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhao, Minhua] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Jacobs, Doug/J-6194-2015; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Jacobs, Doug/0000-0001-8536-744X; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Lachman, Noa/0000-0001-7870-6845 FU Airbus Group; Boeing; Embraer; Lockheed Martin; Saab AB; Hexcel; TohoTenax; ANSYS through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported by Airbus Group, Boeing, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, Saab AB, Hexcel, TohoTenax, and ANSYS through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace STructures (NECST) Consortium and was carried out in part through the use of MIT's Microsystems Technology Laboratories. We acknowledge N. Orloff for useful discussions on image processing. Research (for B. Natarajan, C. J. Long and M. Zhao) was supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Grant 70NANB10H193). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, software, or materials are identified in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 6 BP 6050 EP 6058 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01044 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL5GT UT WOS:000356988500044 PM 26030266 ER PT J AU Brintlinger, T Herzing, AA Long, JP Vurgaftman, I Stroud, R Simpkins, BS AF Brintlinger, Todd Herzing, Andrew A. Long, James P. Vurgaftman, Igor Stroud, Rhonda Simpkins, B. S. TI Optical Dark-Field and Electron Energy Loss Imaging and Spectroscopy of Symmetry-Forbidden Modes in Loaded Nanogap Antennas SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE localized surface plasmon; hybrid nanoparticles; plasmon hybridization; dark-field spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy; nanogap antenna ID LOCALIZED PLASMON RESONANCES; GOLD NANORODS; NANOPARTICLE; NANOANTENNAS; DIMERS; INTERFERENCE; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISMS; SCATTERING; NANOWIRES AB We have produced large numbers of hybrid metal semiconductor nanogap antennas using a scalable electrochemical approach and systematically characterized the spectral and spatial character of their plasmonic modes with optical dark-field scattering, electron energy loss spectroscopy with principal component analysis, and full wave simulations. The coordination of these techniques reveal that these nanostructures support degenerate transverse modes which split due to substrate interactions, a longitudinal mode which scales with antenna length, and a symmetry-forbidden gap-localized transverse mode. This gap-localized transverse mode arises from mode splitting of transverse resonances supported on both antenna arms and is confined to the gap load enabling (i) delivery of substantial energy to the gap material and (ii) the possibility of tuning the antenna resonance via active modulation of the gap material's optical properties. The resonant position of this symmetry-forbidden mode is sensitive to gap size, dielectric strength of the gap material, and is highly suppressed in air-gapped structures which may explain its absence from the literature to date. Understanding the complex modal structure supported on hybrid nanosystems is necessary to enable the multifunctional components many seek. C1 [Brintlinger, Todd; Stroud, Rhonda] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, James P.; Simpkins, B. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vurgaftman, Igor] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute [61-P087-13] FX We thank Professor Sang Bok Lee for providing the fine-pore anodic alumina templates in which the nanostructures were produced. Research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Nanoscience Institute program 61-P087-13. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 6 BP 6222 EP 6232 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01591 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CL5GT UT WOS:000356988500062 PM 25961937 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Zhizhin, M Hsu, FC Baugh, K Khomarudin, MR Vetrita, Y Sofan, P Suwarsono Hilman, D AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Zhizhin, Mikhail Hsu, Feng-Chi Baugh, Kimberly Khomarudin, M. Rokhis Vetrita, Yenni Sofan, Parwati Suwarsono Hilman, Dadang TI Long-wave infrared identification of smoldering peat fires in Indonesia with nighttime Landsat data SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Landsat; fire detection; peat fire; smoldering; flaming; Indonesia ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; DEFORESTATION; SATELLITE; POLLUTION; ALGORITHM; CLIMATE; FOREST; MODIS; HAZE; ASIA AB Smoldering peat fires in Indonesia are responsible for large quantities of trace gas and particulate emissions. However, to date no satellite remote sensing technique has been demonstrated for the identification of smoldering peat fires. Fires have two distinct combustion phases: a high temperature flaming and low temperature smoldering phases. The flaming phase temperature is approximately twice that of the smoldering phase. This temperature differential results in a spectral displacement of the primary radiant emissions of the two combustion phases. It it is possible to exploit this spectral displacement using widely separated wavelength ranges. This paper examines active fire features found in short-wave infrared (SWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) nighttime Landsat data collected on peatlands in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Landsat 8's SWIR bands are on the leading edge of flaming phase radiant emissions, with only minor contribution from the smoldering phase. Conversely, Landsat 8's LWIR bands are on the trailing edge of smoldering phase radiant emissions. After examining the LWIR fire features, we conclude that they are the result of smoldering phase combustion. This has been confirmed with field validation. Detection limits for smoldering peat fires in Landsat 8 is in the 40-90 m(2) range. These results could lead to improved management of peatland fires and emission modeling. C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail; Hsu, Feng-Chi; Baugh, Kimberly] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Khomarudin, M. Rokhis; Vetrita, Yenni; Sofan, Parwati; Suwarsono] Natl Inst Aeronaut & Space LAPAN, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hilman, Dadang] Indonesia Climate Change Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov RI ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Sofan, Parwati/G-5127-2016; OI Sofan, Parwati/0000-0001-8115-7664; Khomarudin, Rokhis/0000-0001-7400-1784 FU US Forest Service, International Program FX This research was funded by the US Forest Service, International Program. The paper benefited from points raised by the reviewers. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/065002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL3FK UT WOS:000356835600021 ER PT J AU Ou-Yang, CF Yen, MC Lin, TH Wang, JL Schnell, RC Lang, PM Chantara, S Lin, NH AF Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng Yen, Ming-Cheng Lin, Tang-Huang Wang, Jia-Lin Schnell, Russell C. Lang, Patricia M. Chantara, Somporn Lin, Neng-Huei TI Impact of equatorial and continental airflow on primary greenhouse gases in the northern South China Sea SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide (CO2); methane (CH4); Dongsha Island (DSI); South China Sea (SCS); Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT); 7-SEAS ID BIOMASS-BURNING AEROSOLS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXING RATIOS; MARITIME CONTINENT; FREE TROPOSPHERE; ASIAN POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; METHANE FLUXES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC AB Four-year ground-level measurements of the two primary greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)) were conducted at Dongsha Island (DSI), situated in the northern South China Sea (SCS), from March 2010 to February 2014. Their mean mixing ratios are calculated to be 396.3 +/- 5.4 ppm and 1863.6 +/- 50.5 ppb, with an annual growth rate of +2.19 +/- 0.5 ppm yr(-1) and +/- 4.70 +/- 4.4 ppb yr(-1) for CO2 and CH4, respectively, over the study period. Our results suggest that the Asian continental outflow driven by the winter northeast monsoon could have brought air pollutants into the northern SCS, as denoted by significantly elevated levels of 6.5 ppm for CO2 and 59.6 ppb for CH4, which are greater than the marine boundary layer references at Cape Kumukahi (KUM) in the tropical northern Pacific in January. By contrast, the summer time CH4 at DSI is shown to be lower than that at KUM by 19.7 ppb, whereas CO2 is shown to have no differences (<0.42 ppm in July) during the same period. Positive biases of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) L4B data against the surface measurements are estimated to be 2.4 +/- 3.4 ppm for CO2 and 43.2 +/- 36.8 ppb for CH4. The satellite products retrieved from the GOSAT showed the effects of anthropogenic emissions and vegetative sinks on land on a vertical profiling basis. The prevailing southeasterly winds originating from as far south as the equator or Southern Hemisphere pass through the lower troposphere in the northern SCS, forming a tunnel of relatively clean air masses as indicated by the low CH4 mixing ratios observed on the DSI in summer. C1 [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Yen, Ming-Cheng; Lin, Neng-Huei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Wang, Jia-Lin; Lin, Neng-Huei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Lin, Tang-Huang] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Schnell, Russell C.; Lang, Patricia M.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO USA. [Chantara, Somporn; Lin, Neng-Huei] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Chem, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Chantara, Somporn; Lin, Neng-Huei] Chiang Mai Univ, Environm Sci Program, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Ou-Yang, CF (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/R-2271-2016 OI Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/0000-0002-8477-3013 FU Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency [EPA-99-U1L1-02-101, EPA-100-U1L1-02-101, EPA-101-U1L1-02-101, EPA-102-U1L1-02-101]; Taiwan Ministry of Sciences and Technology [NSC 99-2111-M-008-011, NSC 100-2111-M-008-011, NSC 101-2119-M-008-012, NSC 102-2111-M-008-005, MOST 103-2111-M-008-001] FX We are grateful to Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, National Institute for Environmental Studies, and Japan Ministry of the Environment for releasing the GOSAT data used in our study. This work was financially supported by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency under contracts EPA-99-U1L1-02-101, EPA-100-U1L1-02-101, EPA-101-U1L1-02-101, and EPA-102-U1L1-02-101 and by the Taiwan Ministry of Sciences and Technology, formerly Taiwan National Science Council, under contracts NSC 99-2111-M-008-011, NSC 100-2111-M-008-011, NSC 101-2119-M-008-012, NSC 102-2111-M-008-005, and MOST 103-2111-M-008-001. The authors thank the NOAA/ARL for providing the HYSPLIT trajectory model and/or READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) that were used in this study. We also thank Dr Jin-Yi Yu at University of California, Irvine, for his valuable comments on the transport patterns of equatorial air masses. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR 065005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/065005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL3FK UT WOS:000356835600024 ER PT J AU van Oldenborgh, GJ Stephenson, DB Sterl, A Vautard, R Yiou, P Drijfhout, SS von Storch, H van den Dool, H AF van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan Stephenson, David B. Sterl, Andreas Vautard, Robert Yiou, Pascal Drijfhout, Sybren S. von Storch, Hans van den Dool, Huug TI CORRESPONDENCE: Drivers of the 2013/14 winter floods in the UK SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Letter ID VARIABILITY; WEATHER C1 [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Sterl, Andreas; Drijfhout, Sybren S.] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate Res, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Stephenson, David B.] Univ Exeter, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Vautard, Robert; Yiou, Pascal] CEA Orme Merisiers, LCSE Orme, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Drijfhout, Sybren S.] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [von Storch, Hans] Helmholtz Ctr Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP van Oldenborgh, GJ (reprint author), KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate Res, Utrechtseweg 297,POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM oldenborgh@knmi.nl RI Drijfhout, Sybren/I-4230-2016 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 6 BP 490 EP 491 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL2YR UT WOS:000356814800006 ER PT J AU Zeppelin, TK Johnson, DS Kuhn, CE Iverson, SJ Ream, RR AF Zeppelin, T. K. Johnson, D. S. Kuhn, C. E. Iverson, S. J. Ream, R. R. TI Stable Isotope Models Predict Foraging Habitat of Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) in Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROPHIC-LEVEL PREDATORS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; PINNIPED DIETS; FATTY-ACIDS; NITROGEN; ECOLOGY AB We developed models to predict foraging habitat of adult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) using stable carbon (gamma C-13) and nitrogen (gamma N-15) isotope values from plasma and red blood cells. Binomial generalized linear mixed models were developed using blood isotope samples collected from 35 adult female fur seals on three breeding colonies in Alaska during July-October 2006. Satellite location and dive data were used to define habitat use in terms of the proportion of time spent or dives made in different oceanographic/bathymetric domains. For both plasma and red blood cells, the models accurately predicted habitat use for animals that foraged exclusively off or on the continental shelf. The models did not perform as well in predicting habitat use for animals that foraged in both on-and off-shelf habitat; however, sample sizes for these animals were small. Concurrently collected scat, fatty acid, and dive data confirmed that the foraging differences predicted by isotopes were associated with diet differences. Stable isotope samples, dive data, and GPS location data collected from an additional 15 females during August-October 2008 validated the effective use of the models across years. Little within year variation in habitat use was indicated from the comparison between stable isotope values from plasma (representing 1-2 weeks) and red blood cells (representing the prior few months). Constructing predictive models using stable isotopes provides an effective means to assess habitat use at the population level, is inexpensive, and can be applied to other marine predators. C1 [Zeppelin, T. K.; Johnson, D. S.; Kuhn, C. E.; Ream, R. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMML, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Iverson, S. J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Zeppelin, TK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NMML, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Tonya.Zeppelin@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0514] FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov) and the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project 0514, http://www.nprb.org). NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 AR e0127615 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0127615 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL0KF UT WOS:000356630900066 PM 26030280 ER PT J AU Guo, H Chen, S Bao, AM Hu, JJ Gebregiorgis, AS Xue, XW Zhang, XH AF Guo, Hao Chen, Sheng Bao, Anming Hu, Jujun Gebregiorgis, Abebe S. Xue, Xianwu Zhang, Xinhua TI Inter-Comparison of High-Resolution Satellite Precipitation Products over Central Asia SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; RAINFALL PRODUCTS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; ERROR PROPAGATION; TYPHOON MORAKOT; PERSIANN SYSTEM; GSMAP PROJECT AB This paper examines the spatial error structures of eight precipitation estimates derived from four different satellite retrieval algorithms including TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). All the original satellite and bias-corrected products of each algorithm (3B42RTV7 and 3B42V7, CMORPH_RAW and CMORPH_CRT, GSMaP_MVK and GSMaP_Gauge, PERSIANN_RAW and PERSIANN_CDR) are evaluated against ground-based Asian Precipitation-Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) over Central Asia for the period of 2004 to 2006. The analyses show that all products except PERSIANN exhibit overestimation over Aral Sea and its surrounding areas. The bias-correction improves the quality of the original satellite TMPA products and GSMaP significantly but slightly in CMORPH and PERSIANN over Central Asia. 3B42RTV7 overestimates precipitation significantly with large Relative Bias (RB) (128.17%) while GSMaP_Gauge shows consistent high correlation coefficient (CC) (>0.8) but RB fluctuates between -57.95% and 112.63%. The PERSIANN_CDR outperforms other products in winter with the highest CC (0.67). Both the satellite-only and gauge adjusted products have particularly poor performance in detecting rainfall events in terms of lower POD (less than 65%), CSI (less than 45%) and relatively high FAR (more than 35%). C1 [Guo, Hao; Chen, Sheng; Bao, Anming] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. [Guo, Hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Chen, Sheng] Guangxi Teachers Educ Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Beibu Gulf Environm Evolut & Resources Ut, Nanning 530001, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jujun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gebregiorgis, Abebe S.; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gebregiorgis, Abebe S.; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gebregiorgis, Abebe S.; Xue, Xianwu] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, State Key Lab Desert & Oasis Ecol, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China. EM casguohao@163.com; chenshengbj@gmail.com; baoam@ms.xjb.ac.cn; Junjun.Hu-1@ou.edu; abesine2002@gmail.com; xuexianwu@ou.edu; xhzhang@scu.edu.cn RI Gebregiorgis, Abebe/C-7947-2016; Xue, Xianwu/C-8006-2016 OI Gebregiorgis, Abebe/0000-0002-2975-9104; Xue, Xianwu/0000-0002-2106-6370 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41371419]; Special program for International Science & Technology Cooperation [2010DFA92720-04] FX The authors acknowledge the many providers of operational satellite precipitation products for their data available to us. Comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers are acknowledged. This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41371419; Special program for International Science & Technology Cooperation under Grant No. 2010DFA92720-04. NR 100 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 6 BP 7181 EP 7211 DI 10.3390/rs70607181 PG 31 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CM3NS UT WOS:000357589800029 ER PT J AU Ou, H Au, WWL Van Parijs, S Oleson, EM Rankin, S AF Ou, Hui Au, Whitlow W. L. Van Parijs, Sofie Oleson, Erin M. Rankin, Shannon TI Discrimination of frequency-modulated Baleen whale downsweep calls with overlapping frequencies SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-BOREALIS; BLUE WHALE; VOCALIZATIONS; ECHOLOCATION; PHYSALUS AB Automatic classification of fin, sei, and blue whale frequency modulated downsweeps has been a challenging task for bioacousticians. These calls overlap in frequency range and have similar time durations. The traditional spectrogram methodology, the Short Time Fourier Transform, tends to be ineffective because of the large temporal ambiguities needed to achieve the necessary frequency resolution to study the fine time-frequency (TF) structures. Spectrograms generated with the Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (PWVD) provide much higher simultaneous TF resolution compared with the traditional method. The PWVD allows bioacousticians to study the fine TF structures of the sound, such as the instantaneous frequency, instantaneous bandwidth, contour slope, etc. These features set the foundation of identifying sounds that are usually considered difficult to discriminate using the traditional method. Wigner-Ville distribution of the baleen whale downsweeps showed distinguishable characteristics; for example, the TF contour of fin and sei whales exhibited concave and convex shapes, which have never been reported in the literature. A Support Vector Machine classifier was trained and tested based on the parameters extracted from the PWVD. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Ou, Hui; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kaneohe, HI 96734 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] Pacific Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Rankin, Shannon] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ou, H (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kaneohe, HI 96734 USA. EM wau@hawaii.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000140810903]; Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Pacific, Pearl Harbor, HI [N62470-10-D-3011] FX This project was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N000140810903 (Dr. Michael Weise, Program Manager) and Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Pacific, Pearl Harbor, HI under Contract No. N62470-10-D-3011, Task Order KB13, issued to HDR Inc., San Diego, CA. This is HIMB contribution 1616 and SOEST contribution 9277. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 137 IS 6 BP 3024 EP 3032 DI 10.1121/1.4919304 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CL0HP UT WOS:000356622400020 PM 26093394 ER PT J AU Garland, EC Castellote, M Berchok, CL AF Garland, Ellen C. Castellote, Manuel Berchok, Catherine L. TI Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) vocalizations and call classification from the eastern Beaufort Sea population SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MIGRATING HUMPBACK WHALES; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SOLOVETSKII ISLAND; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WHITE WHALES; REPERTOIRE; DIALECTS; SONG AB Beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, have a graded call system; call types exist on a continuum making classification challenging. A description of vocalizations from the eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population during its spring migration are presented here, using both a non-parametric classification tree analysis (CART), and a Random Forest analysis. Twelve frequency and duration measurements were made on 1019 calls recorded over 14 days off Icy Cape, Alaska, resulting in 34 identifiable call types with 83% agreement in classification for both CART and Random Forest analyses. This high level of agreement in classification, with an initial subjective classification of calls into 36 categories, demonstrates that the methods applied here provide a quantitative analysis of a graded call dataset. Further, as calls cannot be attributed to individuals using single sensor passive acoustic monitoring efforts, these methods provide a comprehensive analysis of data where the influence of pseudo-replication of calls from individuals is unknown. This study is the first to describe the vocal repertoire of a beluga population using a robust and repeatable methodology. A baseline eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population repertoire is presented here, against which the call repertoire of other seasonally sympatric Alaskan beluga populations can be compared. C1 [Garland, Ellen C.; Castellote, Manuel; Berchok, Catherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Garland, EC (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. EM ellen.garland@gmail.com FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management under Inter-Agency [M09PG00016]; National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences) Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors thank Phil Clapham, Sue Moore, Melinda Rekdahl, and Jessica Crance for providing comments on a previous version of this manuscript and Stephanie Grassia for creating the map. We thank Charles Monnett and Heather Crowley at the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for their project support, and the captains and crew of both the FV Alaskan Enterprise and FVMystery Bay. Funding was provided by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management under Inter-Agency Agreement M09PG00016. E.C.G. was supported by a National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences) Postdoctoral Fellowship. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 41 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 137 IS 6 BP 3054 EP 3067 DI 10.1121/1.4919338 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CL0HP UT WOS:000356622400023 PM 26093397 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Shi, W Jiang, LD Liu, XM Son, S Voss, K AF Wang, Menghua Shi, Wei Jiang, Lide Liu, Xiaoming Son, SeungHyun Voss, Kenneth TI Technique for monitoring performance of VIIRS reflective solar bands for ocean color data processing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE; DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SUOMI-NPP VIIRS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; INFRARED CHANNELS AB A technique for monitoring and evaluating the performance of on-orbit calibration for satellite ocean color sensors has been developed. The method is based on the sensor on-orbit vicarious calibration approach using in situ ocean optics measurements and radiative transfer simulations to predict (calculate) sensor-measured top-of-atmosphere spectral radiances. Using this monitoring method with in situ normalized water-leaving radiance nL(w)(lambda) data from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in waters off Hawaii, we show that the root-cause for an abnormal inter-annual difference of chlorophyll-a data over global oligotrophic waters between 2012 and 2013 from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is primarily due to the VIIRS on-orbit calibration performance. In particular, VIIRS-produced Sensor Data Records (SDR) (or Level-1B data) are biased low by similar to 1% at the wavelength of 551 nm in 2013 compared with those in 2012. The VIIRS calibration uncertainty led to biased low chlorophyll-a data in 2013 by similar to 30-40% over global oligotrophic waters. The methodology developed in this study can be implemented for the routine monitoring of on-orbit satellite sensor performance (such as VIIRS). Particularly, long-term Chl-a data over open oceans can also be used as an additional source to evaluate ocean color satellite sensor performance. We show that accurate long-term and consistent MOBY in situ measurements can be used not only for the required system vicarious calibration for satellite ocean color data processing, but also can be used to characterize and monitor both the short-term and long-term sensor on-orbit performances. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Menghua; Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide; Liu, Xiaoming; Son, SeungHyun] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide; Liu, Xiaoming; Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Liu, Xiaoming/F-5571-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX This work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. The authors are grateful to the MOBY team for providing the in situ data in support of various satellite ocean color missions. The MODIS-Aqua Chl-a data were from NASA OBPG ocean color website. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 11 BP 14446 EP 14460 DI 10.1364/OE.23.014446 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL4DI UT WOS:000356902400097 PM 26072806 ER PT J AU Cygan, A Wcislo, P Wojtewicz, S Maslowski, P Hodges, JT Ciurylo, R Lisak, D AF Cygan, Agata Wcislo, Piotr Wojtewicz, Szymon Maslowski, Piotr Hodges, Joseph T. Ciurylo, Roman Lisak, Daniel TI One-dimensional frequency-based spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-NARROW LASER; OPTICAL CAVITY; LINE-SHAPE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION MODE; SPECTRAL-LINES; NOISE; STABILIZATION; PHASE AB Recent developments in optical metrology have tremendously improved the precision and accuracy of the horizontal (frequency) axis in measured spectra. However, the vertical (typically absorbance) axis is usually based on intensity measurements that are subject to instrumental errors which limit the spectrum accuracy. Here we report a one-dimensional spectroscopy that uses only the measured frequencies of high-finesse cavity modes to provide complete information about the dispersive properties of the spectrum. Because this technique depends solely on the measurement of frequencies or their differences, it is insensitive to systematic errors in the detection of light intensity and has the potential to become the most accurate of all absorptive and dispersive spectroscopic methods. The experimental results are compared to measurements by two other high-precision cavity-enhanced spectroscopy methods. We expect that the proposed technique will have significant impact in fields such as fundamental physics, gas metrology and environmental remote sensing. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cygan, Agata; Wcislo, Piotr; Wojtewicz, Szymon; Maslowski, Piotr; Ciurylo, Roman; Lisak, Daniel] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM agata@fizyka.umk.pl RI Wcislo, Piotr/C-9562-2015; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014 OI Wcislo, Piotr/0000-0001-7909-4473; Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; FU Polish National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491, DEC-2012/05/D/ST2/01914, DEC-2013/11/D/ST2/02663]; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; Foundation for Polish Science START Project; EU European Regional Development Fund; European Regional Development Fund within the Regional Operational Programme for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship; national budget of Poland [RPKP 05.04.00-04-006/13]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland, and is supported by the Polish National Science Centre Project nos. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491, DEC-2012/05/D/ST2/01914 and DEC-2013/11/D/ST2/02663 as well as by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM and START Projects which are co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund. The research was also supported by the European Regional Development Fund within the Regional Operational Programme for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship for the years 2007-2013 and the national budget of Poland (project RPKP 05.04.00-04-006/13). J.T. Hodges was supported by the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Sciences Measurements Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 11 BP 14472 EP 14486 DI 10.1364/OE.23.014472 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL4DI UT WOS:000356902400099 PM 26072808 ER PT J AU Gerberding, O AF Gerberding, Oliver TI Deep frequency modulation interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED HETERODYNE INTERFEROMETRY; PHASEMETER; LISA AB Laser interferometry with pm/root Hz precision and multi-fringe dynamic range at low frequencies is a core technology to measure the motion of various objects (test masses) in space and ground based experiments for gravitational wave detection and geodesy. Even though available interferometer schemes are well understood, their construction remains complex, often involving, for example, the need to build quasi-monolithic optical benches with dozens of components. In recent years techniques have been investigated that aim to reduce this complexity by combining phase modulation techniques with sophisticated digital readout algorithms. This article presents a new scheme that uses strong laser frequency modulations in combination with the deep phase modulation readout algorithm to construct simpler and easily scalable interferometers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Gerberding, Oliver] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gerberding, Oliver] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerberding, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM contact@olivergerberding.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 11 BP 14753 EP 14762 DI 10.1364/OE.23.014753 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CL4DI UT WOS:000356902400125 PM 26072834 ER PT J AU Hanisch, RJ AF Hanisch, R. J. TI The development, deployment, and impact of the virtual observatory, Part II SO ASTRONOMY AND COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hanisch, R. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Data & Informat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanisch, R. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Data & Informat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanisch, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Data & Informat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hanisch@stsci.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2213-1337 EI 2213-1345 J9 ASTRON COMPUT JI Astron. Comput. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 11 SI SI BP 73 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ascom.2015.04.001 PN B PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA CK9FV UT WOS:000356546900001 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Chelonian Conservation and Biology as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal: 22 Years and Counting SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Chelonian Conservat & Biol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Chelonian Conservat & Biol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK8ZM UT WOS:000356529000001 ER PT J AU Saito, T Kurita, M Okamoto, H Uchida, I Parker, D Balazs, G AF Saito, Tomomi Kurita, Masanori Okamoto, Hitoshi Uchida, Itaru Parker, Denise Balazs, George TI Tracking Male Loggerhead Turtle Migrations Around Southwestern Japan Using Satellite Telemetry SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines: Cheloniidae; Caretta caretta; male; migration; sea surface temperature ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; ADULT FEMALE; HABITAT USE; OCEAN AB Three satellite-tagged male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were released from the coastal waters of Satsuma Peninsula, Kyusyu, southwestern Japan (lat 31 degrees 42'N, long 130 degrees 18'E), and their movements were tracked for up to 449 d. Total distance traveled by the turtles ranged from 1540 to 5519 km. The turtles remained mainly along the coast and islands of the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan, except for spending a brief period of time (1-30 d) in the open ocean. The long-distance movement followed a seasonal pattern, evidently triggered by fluctuations in sea surface temperature. C1 [Saito, Tomomi; Kurita, Masanori; Okamoto, Hitoshi; Uchida, Itaru] Port Nagoya Publ Aquarium, Minato Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4550033, Japan. [Parker, Denise] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Balazs, George] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Saito, T (reprint author), Kochi Univ, Usa Marine Biol Inst, Tosa, Kochi 7811164, Japan. EM t-saito@kochi-u.ac.jp; m-kurita@nagoyaminato.or.jp; h-nakamura@nagoyaminato.or.jp; itsahonuworldinhawaii@hotmail.com; Denise.Parker@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 24 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK8ZM UT WOS:000356529000011 ER PT J AU Dines, JP Mesnick, SL Ralls, K May-Collado, L Agnarsson, I Dean, MD AF Dines, James P. Mesnick, Sarah L. Ralls, Katherine May-Collado, Laura Agnarsson, Ingi Dean, Matthew D. TI A trade-off between precopulatory and postcopulatory trait investment in male cetaceans SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Morphological evolution; reproductive strategies; sexual selection; trade-offs ID SPERM COMPETITION GAMES; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; ALTERNATIVE MATING TACTICS; MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TESTES SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; HUMPBACK WHALES; BEAKED-WHALE; HOUSE MICE AB Mating with multiple partners is common across species, and understanding how individual males secure fertilization in the face of competition remains a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. Game theory stipulates that males have a fixed budget for reproduction that can lead to a trade-off between investment in precopulatory traits such as body size, armaments, and ornaments, and postcopulatory traits such as testis size and spermatogenic efficiency. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have shown that if males can monopolize access to multiple females, they will invest disproportionately in precopulatory traits and less in postcopulatory traits. Using phylogenetically controlled comparative methods, we demonstrate that across 58 cetacean species with the most prominent sexual dimorphism in size, shape, teeth, tusks, and singing invest significantly less in relative testes mass. In support of theoretical predictions, these species tend to show evidence of male contests, suggesting there is opportunity for winners to monopolize access to multiple females. Our approach provides a robust dataset with which to make predictions about male mating strategies for the many cetacean species for which adequate behavioral observations do not exist. C1 [Dines, James P.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Mammal, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Dines, James P.] Univ So Calif, Integrat & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [May-Collado, Laura; Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dean, Matthew D.] Univ So Calif, Mol & Computat Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Dines, JP (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Mammal, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM jdines@nhm.org; sarah.mesnick@noaa.gov OI Dines, James/0000-0002-3104-2540 FU USC; National Institutes of Health [1R01GM098536]; William Cheney, Jr. Memorial Fund for Mammalogy FX M. McGowen provided electronic copies of cetacean phylogenies. A. Allen, C. Chan, J. Wong, and D. Losey provided expert assistance in ferreting out obscure data sources and maintaining the database. P. Ralph offered statistical advice. R. Baird, P. Best, R. L. Brownell, Jr., R. Connor, J. Durban, C. George, J. Ford, J. Learmonth, J. Mead, L. Moller, R. Pitman, A. Sirovic, R. Wells, and P. Willis generously shared data and provided valuable discussion and insights. J. Conner, M. Alfaro, P. Clapham, W. Perrin, R. Pitman, and four anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. B. Jarrett provided the artwork for Figure 1. This work was supported by USC startup funds (MDD), National Institutes of Health grant #1R01GM098536 (MDD), and the William Cheney, Jr. Memorial Fund for Mammalogy (JPD). NR 136 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 2015 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1560 EP 1572 DI 10.1111/evo.12676 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CL1AU UT WOS:000356675400015 PM 25929734 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Baumsteiger, J Ardren, WR Dettlaff, Y Hawkins, DK Van Doornik, DM AF Smith, Christian T. Baumsteiger, Jason Ardren, William R. Dettlaff, Yvonne Hawkins, Denise K. Van Doornik, Donald M. TI Eliminating Variation in Age at Spawning Leads to Genetic Divergence Within a Single Salmon Population SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; hatchery; jack; microsatellite ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH POPULATIONS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; WILD POPULATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EFFECTIVE SIZE AB Most coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in Washington state spawn at 3 y of age, creating the potential for three temporal populations or "broodlines" at each spawning site. This is generally prevented by a portion of males in each site that mature and reproduce at 2 y of age, resulting in population structure in which the geographic component is stronger than the temporal component. The Quilcene National Fish Hatchery, located on Big Quilcene River in the Hood Canal region of Washington state, selected against late returning coho salmon by excluding all but the earliest returning fish from its broodstock for an unknown number of generations, and restricted gene flow among broodlines by excluding 2-y-old males for 27 generations. The resulting hatchery population exhibited three distinct broodlines that returned in alternating years: an "early" broodline that arrived 1 mo before the wild fish, a "late" broodline that arrived at the same time as the wild fish, and a "middle" broodline that arrived in between these two broodlines. We evaluated temporal and geographic components of population genetic structure in coho salmon from the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery and nine other sites from Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca using 10 microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity at the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery was lowest in the early broodline and highest in the late broodline. Divergence among broodlines at the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery was greater than that observed at any other site, and was also greater than that observed between any of the sites. This apparent reversal of the relative magnitudes of temporal and geographic components for this species emphasizes the importance of variable age-at-maturity in shaping population genetic structure. C1 [Smith, Christian T.; Baumsteiger, Jason; Ardren, William R.; Hawkins, Denise K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. [Dettlaff, Yvonne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. EM christian_smith@fws.gov FU USFWS Pacific Region FX This work was funded by the USFWS Pacific Region. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 1 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.3996/122013-JFWM-086 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0JD UT WOS:000356627400001 ER PT J AU Stow, CA AF Stow, Craig A. TI The need for sustained, long-term phosphorus modeling in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 315 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.001 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000001 ER PT J AU Anderson, KR Chapman, DC Wynne, TT Masagounder, K Paukert, CP AF Anderson, Karl R. Chapman, Duane C. Wynne, Timothy T. Masagounder, Karthik Paukert, Craig P. TI Suitability of Lake Erie for bigheaded carps based on bioenergetic models and remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; Microcystis; Bioenergetics; Asian carp; Invasive species ID HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX VAL; SUBTROPICAL CHINESE LAKE; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FILTER-FEEDING FISHES; SILVER CARP; WATER-QUALITY; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; NOBILIS RICHARDSON AB Algal blooms in the Great Lakes are a potential food source for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis; together bigheaded carps). Understanding these blooms thus plays an important role in understanding the invasion potential of bigheaded carps. We used remote sensing imagery, temperatures, and improved species specific bioenergetics models to determine algal concentrations sufficient for adult bigheaded carps. Depending on water temperature we found that bigheaded carp require between 2 and 7 mu g/L chlorophyll or between 0.3 and 1.26 x 10(5) cells/mL Microcystis to maintain body weight. Algal concentrations in the western basin and shoreline were found to be commonly several times greater than the concentrations required for weight maintenance. The remote sensing images show that area of sufficient algal foods commonly encompassed several hundred square kilometers to several thousands of square kilometers when blooms form. From 2002 to 2011, mean algal concentrations increased 273%-411%. This indicates Lake Erie provides increasingly adequate planktonic algal food for bigheaded carps. The water temperatures and algal concentrations detected in Lake Erie from 2008 to 2012 support positive growth rates such that a 4 kg silver carp could gain between 19 and 57% of its body weight in a year. A 5 kg bighead carp modeled at the same water temperatures could gain 20-81% of their body weight in the same period. The remote sensing imagery and bioenergetic models suggest that bigheaded carps would not be food limited if they invaded Lake Erie. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Anderson, Karl R.; Chapman, Duane C.; Masagounder, Karthik] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Paukert, Craig P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Anderson, KR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM karlanderson@usgs.gov FU Missouri Department of Conservation; University of Missouri; US Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Management Institute FX We thank Curt Byrd, Joe Deters, Amy George, Gabe Nichols, Shannon Earhart, and Kathy Echols for the lab and computer assistance. We thank Dr. Jeffre Firman, Whitney Mahoney, and Elizabeth McGill with the calorie bomb calculations and assistance, and Steve Chipps for the input on the manuscript We thank Dr. James T. Lamer (Western Illinois University) for the fish specimens. MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.9975). The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the Missouri Department of Conservation, The University of Missouri, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000006 ER PT J AU Lynch, AJ Taylor, WW Beard, TD Lofgren, BM AF Lynch, Abigail J. Taylor, William W. Beard, T. Douglas, Jr. Lofgren, Brent M. TI Climate change projections for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis); Recruitment; Climate change; 1836 Treaty Waters; Laurentian Great Lakes ID MICHIGAN; MODEL; ERIE; EGG; POPULATIONS; REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; FISHERY; IMPACTS; HABITAT AB Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is an ecologically, culturally, and economically important species in the Laurentian Great lakes. Lake whitefish have been a staple food source for thousands of years and, since 1980, have supported the most economically valuable (annual catch value approximate to US$16.6 million) and productive (annual harvest approximate to 7 million kg) commercial fishery in the upper Great Lakes (Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior). Climate changes, specifically changes in temperature, wind, and ice cover, are expected to impact the ecology, production dynamics, and value of this fishery because the success of recruitment to the fishery has been linked with these climatic variables. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between fall and spring air temperature indices, fall wind speed, winter ice cover, and lake whitefish recruitment in 13 management units located in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes ceded by the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, a culturally and commercially important region for the lake whitefish fishery. In eight of the 13 management units evaluated, models including one or more climate variables (temperature, wind, ice cover) explained significantly more variation in recruitment than models with only the stock-recruitment relationship, using corrected Akaike's Information Criterion comparisons (Delta AICc > 3). Isolating the climate-recruitment relationship and projecting recruitment with the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) indicated the potential for increased lake whitefish recruitment in the majority of the 1836 Treaty Waters management units. These results can inform adaptive management strategies by providing anticipated implications of climate on lake whitefish recruitment. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Lynch, Abigail J.; Beard, T. Douglas, Jr.] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 12201 USA. [Lynch, Abigail J.; Taylor, William W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Lynch, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Change & Wildlife Sci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 400, Reston, VA 12201 USA. EM Ajlynch@usgs.gov OI Lynch, Abigail J./0000-0001-8449-8392; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.015 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000012 ER PT J AU Kao, YC Madenjian, CP Bunnell, DB Lofgren, BM Perroud, M AF Kao, Yu-Chun Madenjian, Charles P. Bunnell, David B. Lofgren, Brent M. Perroud, Marjorie TI Potential effects of climate change on the growth of fishes from different thermal guilds in Lakes Michigan and Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics model; Climate change; Great Lakes; Yellow perch; Lake whitefish; Thermal guild ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; YELLOW PERCH; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; WHITEFISH; CONSUMPTION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS AB We used a bioenergetics modeling approach to investigate potential effects of climate change on the growth of two economically important native fishes: yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a cool-water fish, and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), a cold-water fish, in deep and oligotrophic Lakes Michigan and Huron. For assessing potential changes in fish growth, we contrasted simulated fish growth in the projected future climate regime during the period 2043-2070 under different prey availability scenarios with the simulated growth during the baseline (historical reference) period 1964-1993. Results showed that effects of climate change on the growth of these two fishes are jointly controlled by behavioral thermoregulation and prey availability. With the ability of behavioral thermoregulation, temperatures experienced by yellow perch in the projected future climate regime increased more than those experienced by lake whitefish. Thus simulated future growth decreased more for yellow perch than for lake whitefish under scenarios where prey availability remains constant into the future. Under high prey availability scenarios, simulated future growth of these two fishes both increased but yellow perch could not maintain the baseline efficiency of converting prey consumption into body weight. We contended that thermal guild should not be the only factor used to predict effects of climate change on the growth of a fish, and that ecosystem responses to climate change should be also taken into account. (C) 2015 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kao, Yu-Chun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Madenjian, Charles P.; Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Perroud, Marjorie] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Kao, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kyuchun@umich.edu RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017; OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center FX We thank professor James Diana and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on this manuscript. We also thank Lloyd Mohr and Steven Pothoven for sharing unpublished data. Yanni Liu assisted statistical analyses. This research was funded by the U.S. Geological National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center. This article is Contribution 1925 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000013 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Riseng, CM Mason, LA Wehrly, KE Rutherford, ES McKenna, JE Castiglione, C Johnson, LB Infante, DM Sowa, S Robertson, M Schaeffer, J Khoury, M Gaiot, J Hollenhorst, T Brooks, C Coscarelli, M AF Wang, Lizhu Riseng, Catherine M. Mason, Lacey A. Wehrly, Kevin E. Rutherford, Edward S. McKenna, James E., Jr. Castiglione, Chris Johnson, Lucinda B. Infante, Dana M. Sowa, Scott Robertson, Mike Schaeffer, Jeff Khoury, Mary Gaiot, John Hollenhorst, Tom Brooks, Colin Coscarelli, Mark TI A spatial classification and database for management, research, and policy making: The Great Lakes aquatic habitat framework SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Database; Hierarchy; Spatial unit; Framework; Classification; Great Lakes ID SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL; FISH; MICHIGAN; NEARSHORE; ONTARIO; HURON; ERIE AB Managing the world's largest and most complex freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great Lakes, requires a spatially hierarchical basin-wide database of ecological and socioeconomic information that is comparable across the region. To meet such a need, we developed a spatial classification framework and database-Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Framework (GLAHF). GLAHF consists of catchments, coastal terrestrial, coastal margin, nearshore, and offshore zones that encompass the entire Great Lakes Basin. The catchments captured in the database as river pour points or coastline segments are attributed with data known to influence physicochemical and biological characteristics of the lakes from the catchments. The coastal terrestrial zone consists of 30-m grid cells attributed with data from the terrestrial region that has direct connection with the lakes. The coastal margin and nearshore zones consist of 30-m grid cells attributed with data describing the coastline conditions, coastal human disturbances, and moderately to highly variable physicochemical and biological characteristics. The offshore zone consists of 1.8-km grid cells attributed with data that are spatially less variable compared with the other aquatic zones. These spatial classification zones. and their associated data are nested within lake sub-basins and political boundaries and allow the synthesis of information from grid cells to classification zones, within and among political boundaries, lake sub-basins, Great Lakes, or within the entire Great Lakes Basin. This spatially structured database could help the development of basin-wide management plans, prioritize locations for funding and specific management actions, track protection and restoration progress, and conduct research for science-based decision making. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great lakes Research. C1 [Wang, Lizhu] Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Off, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.; Mason, Lacey A.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wehrly, Kevin E.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wehrly, Kevin E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [McKenna, James E., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Castiglione, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Basom, NY 14013 USA. [Johnson, Lucinda B.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Infante, Dana M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sowa, Scott] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Robertson, Mike; Gaiot, John] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON K9J 8M5, Canada. [Schaeffer, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Khoury, Mary] Nature Conservancy, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Hollenhorst, Tom] US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Brooks, Colin] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Coscarelli, Mark] Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Lansing, MI 48933 USA. RP Wang, LZ (reprint author), Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Off, POB 32869, Detroit, MI 48232 USA. EM Wangl@windsor.ijc.org OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667; Mason, Lacey/0000-0003-1541-3134 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2010 1206]; University of Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; International Joint Commission; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Environment Canada; Nature Conservancy; Great Lakes Fishery Commission; Michigan State University; University of Minnesota-Duluth; University of Windsor FX We thank Paul Seelbach, Michael Wiley, Jan Ciborowski, Scudder Mackey, Travis Brenden, John Dettmers, Karen Rodriguez, Mark Burrows, and Michael Laitta for their support and strategic thinking in the development of the Great Lakes spatial framework and database. We are grateful to the GIS and data acquisition support from Jason Breck, Danielle Forsyth, Beth Sparks-Jackson, and Gust Annis. This project was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2010 1206) and received in-kind support from the University of Michigan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, International Joint Commission, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environment Canada, The Nature Conservancy, The Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Michigan State University, University of Minnesota-Duluth, and University of Windsor. This is contribution 1914 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center and contribution 1747 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 584 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.017 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CK7GE UT WOS:000356400000030 ER PT J AU Mellor, G AF Mellor, George TI A Combined Derivation of the Integrated and Vertically Resolved, Coupled Wave-Current Equations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Ocean dynamics; Waves; oceanic; Models and modeling; Ocean models ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; OCEAN CIRCULATION; RADIATION STRESS; GRAVITY-WAVES AB There exist different theories representing the effects of surface gravity waves on oceanic flow fields. In the past, the author has conjectured that the vertically integrated, two-dimensional fluid equations of motion put forward by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart are correct and that theories that differ from their theory cannot be entirely correct; this paper explores these differences. Longuet-Higgins and Stewart deduced vertically integrated, two-dimensional equations featuring a wave radiation stress term in the fluid dynamic, momentum equation. More recently, the author has proposed vertically dependent, three-dimensional equations that have required correction but when vertically integrated, agreed with the earlier, two-dimensional equations. This paper derives both vertically independent and vertically dependent equations from the same base and, importantly, using the same expression for pressure in the belief that the paper will contribute to the understanding and clarification of this seemingly difficult topic in ocean dynamics. An error in the classical papers by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart has been detected. Although the final phase-averaged result was correct, the error has had consequences in the development of vertically dependent equations. The prognostic equations in this paper are for the Eulerian current plus Stokes drift; toward the end of the paper these equations are contrasted with prognostic equations for the Eulerian current alone. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM glmellor@princeton.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1463 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0112.1 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CK4XW UT WOS:000356227700001 ER PT J AU Chen, GX Han, WQ Li, YL Wang, DX McPhaden, MJ AF Chen, Gengxin Han, Weiqing Li, Yuanlong Wang, Dongxiao McPhaden, Michael J. TI Seasonal-to-Interannual Time-Scale Dynamics of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Dynamics; Kelvin waves; Ocean circulation; Ocean dynamics; Rossby waves ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ZONAL CURRENTS; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; DIPOLE EVENTS; ADDU ATOLL; MONSOON; REANALYSIS; SYSTEM; THERMOCLINE; REFLECTION AB This paper investigates the structure and dynamics of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) of the Indian Ocean by analyzing in situ observations and reanalysis data and performing ocean model experiments using an ocean general circulation model and a linear continuously stratified ocean model. The results show that the EUC regularly occurs in each boreal winter and spring, particularly during February and April, consistent with existing studies. The EUC generally has a core depth near the 20 degrees C isotherm and can be present across the equatorial basin. The EUC reappears during summer-fall of most years, with core depth located at different longitudes and depths. In the western basin, the EUC results primarily from equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves directly forced by equatorial easterly winds. In the central and eastern basin, however, reflected Rossby waves from the eastern boundary play a crucial role. While the first two baroclinic modes make the largest contribution, intermediate modes 3-8 are also important. The summer-fall EUC tends to occur in the western basin but exhibits obvious interannual variability in the eastern basin. During positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) years, the eastern basin EUC results largely from Rossby waves reflected from the eastern boundary, with directly forced Kelvin and Rossby waves also having significant contributions. However, the eastern basin EUC disappears during negative IOD and normal years because westerly wind anomalies force a westward pressure gradient force and thus westward subsurface current, which cancels the eastward subsurface flow induced by eastern boundary-reflected Rossby waves. Interannual variability of zonal equatorial wind that drives the EUC variability is dominated by the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients associated with IOD and is much less influenced by equatorial wind associated with Indian monsoon rainfall strength. C1 [Chen, Gengxin; Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Han, Weiqing; Li, Yuanlong] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, DX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, 164 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM dxwang@scsio.ac.cn RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012; Chen, Gengxin/E-8109-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Chen, Gengxin/0000-0002-6227-7334; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB403503]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010103]; BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [GJHZ201319]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41476011, 41206008]; Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhuou [2013J2200087]; NSF CAREER Award [OCE 0847605]; NOAA FX This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2011CB403503), the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA11010103), the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant GJHZ201319), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41476011 and41206008), and Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhuou (2013J2200087). W. Han is supported by NSF CAREER Award OCE 0847605. M. McPhaden is supported by NOAA. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1553 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0225.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CK4XW UT WOS:000356227700005 ER PT J AU Xu, FH Oey, LY AF Xu, Fang-Hua Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Seasonal SSH Variability of the Northern South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; North Pacific Ocean; Circulation; Dynamics; Ocean dynamics; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Ekman pumping; Models and modeling; Ocean models; Variability; Seasonal variability ID ROSSBY WAVES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LUZON STRAIT; CIRCULATION; MODEL; IMPACT; PHILIPPINES; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB The seasonal response of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) to wind stress curl (WSC) in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait is analyzed using observations and models. The dominant response to WSC is through simple Ekman pumping, while effects of appear as the weaker second empirical orthogonal function mode. The Luzon Strait intrusion is shown to be largely deterministic using a model forced by realistic wind in the North Pacific Ocean, and it contributes significantly to the SSH variability in the NSCS. The WSC accounts for 62%, while intrusion 38% of the total forcing, but the latter alters the forced Rossby wave response. Without the intrusion, westward propagation is too fast, resulting in incorrect balance and erroneous annual SSH variability in the NSCS. C1 [Xu, Fang-Hua] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xu, Fang-Hua] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xu, Fang-Hua] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan. RP Xu, FH (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Room S921,Mengminwei Sci Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM fxu@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Xu, Fanghua/H-2398-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB956603]; Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program [20141081209]; Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship FX The supports for FHX from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant 2013CB956603) and from Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (20141081209). LYO is grateful for the award from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. Two anonymous reviewers are appreciated for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1595 EP 1609 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0193.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CK4XW UT WOS:000356227700008 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Scheuerell, MD Shelton, AO See, KE Skaug, HJ Kristensen, K AF Thorson, James T. Scheuerell, Mark D. Shelton, Andrew O. See, Kevin E. Skaug, Hans J. Kristensen, Kasper TI Spatial factor analysis: a new tool for estimating joint species distributions and correlations in species range SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE factor analysis; Gaussian process; Gaussian random field; geostatistics; habitat envelope model; hierarchical model; joint species distribution models; mixed-effects model; spatial factor analysis ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; TIME-SERIES; COUNT DATA; COOCCURRENCE; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; WORLD AB 1 Predicting and explaining the distribution and density of species is one of the oldest concerns in ecology. Species distributions can be estimated using geostatistical methods, which estimate a latent spatial variable explaining observed variation in densities, but geostatistical methods may be imprecise for species with low densities or few observations. Additionally, simple geostatistical methods fail to account for correlations in distribution among species and generally estimate such cross-correlations as a post hoc exercise. We therefore present spatial factor analysis (SFA), a spatial model for estimating a low-rank approximation to multivariate data, and use it to jointly estimate the distribution of multiple species simultaneously. We also derive an analytic estimate of cross-correlations among species from SFA parameters. As a first example, we show that distributions for 10 bird species in the breeding bird survey in 2012 can be parsimoniously represented using only five spatial factors. As a second case study, we show that forward prediction of catches for 20 rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) off the U.S. West Coast is more accurate using SFA than analysing each species individually. Finally, we show that single-species models give a different picture of cross-correlations than joint estimation using SFA. Spatial factor analysis complements a growing list of tools for jointly modelling the distribution of multiple species and provides a parsimonious summary of cross-correlation without requiring explicit declaration of habitat variables. We conclude by proposing future research that would model species cross-correlations using dissimilarity of species' traits, and the development of spatial dynamic factor analysis for a low-rank approximation to spatial time-series data. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shelton, Andrew O.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [See, Kevin E.] Quantitat Consultants Inc, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Kristensen, Kasper] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-12920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 6 IS 6 BP 627 EP 637 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12359 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL1QI UT WOS:000356718500001 ER PT J AU Campbell, AM Fleisher, J Sinigalliano, C White, JR Lopez, JV AF Campbell, Alexandra M. Fleisher, Jay Sinigalliano, Christopher White, James R. Lopez, Jose V. TI Dynamics of marine bacterial community diversity of the coastal waters of the reefs, inlets, and wastewater outfalls of southeast Florida SO MICROBIOLOGYOPEN LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; bacterioplankton; coral reef; South Florida ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; WESTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ACROPORA-PALMATA; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; SURFACE OCEAN; HUMAN SEWAGE; WHITE POX; SEQUENCES AB Coastal waters adjacent to populated southeast Florida possess different habitats (reefs, oceanic inlets, sewage outfalls) that may affect the composition of their inherent microbiomes. To determine variation according to site, season, and depth, over the course of 1year, we characterized the bacterioplankton communities within 38 nearshore seawater samples derived from the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) water quality survey. Six distinct coastal locales were profiled - the Port Everglades and Hillsboro Inlets, Hollywood and Broward wastewater outfalls, and associated reef sites using culture-independent, high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region. More than 227,000 sequences helped describe longitudinal taxonomic profiles of marine bacteria and archaea. There were 4447 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified with a mean OTU count of 5986 OTUs across all sites. Bacterial taxa varied significantly by season and by site using weighted and unweighted Unifrac, but depth was only supported by weighted Unifrac, suggesting a change due to presence/absence of certain OTUs. Abundant microbial taxa across all samples included Synechococcus, Pelagibacteraceae, Bacteroidetes, and various Proteobacteria. Unifrac analysis confirmed significant differences at inlet sites relative to reef and outfalls. Inlet-based bacterioplankton significantly differed in greater abundances of Rhodobacteraceae and Cryomorphaceae, and depletion of SAR406 sequences. This study also found higher counts of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and wastewater associated SBR1093 bacteria at the outfall and reef sites compared to inlet sites. This study profiles local bacterioplankton populations in a much broader context, beyond culturing and quantitative PCR, and expands upon the work completed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FACE program. C1 [Campbell, Alexandra M.; Lopez, Jose V.] Nova SE Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Ecosyst Res, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Fleisher, Jay] Nova SE Univ, Sch Osteopath Med, Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33004 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [White, James R.] Resphera Biosci, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. RP Lopez, JV (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Ecosyst Res, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM joslo@nova.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X FU Batchelor Foundation in Miami, FL; Florida Academy of Marine Sciences FX The research of A. M. C. was supported through the Batchelor Foundation in Miami, FL, and partially by the Florida Academy of Marine Sciences through Doug Seba. NR 134 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-8827 J9 MICROBIOLOGYOPEN JI MicrobiologyOpen PD JUN PY 2015 VL 4 IS 3 BP 390 EP 408 DI 10.1002/mbo3.245 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CK7ET UT WOS:000356395100003 PM 25740409 ER PT J AU Stan, G Ciobanu, CV Levin, I Yoo, HJ Myers, A Singh, K Jezewski, C Miner, B King, SW AF Stan, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cristian V. Levin, Igor Yoo, Hui J. Myers, Alan Singh, Kanwal Jezewski, Christopher Miner, Barbara King, Sean W. TI Nanoscale Buckling of Ultrathin Low-k Dielectric Lines during Hard-Mask Patterning SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE low-k dielectric patterns; nanoscale buckling; interconnect circuits ID THIN-FILMS; ELASTIC-MODULI; ELECTRONICS; INTEGRATION; TECHNOLOGY; CHALLENGES; MECHANICS; SUBSTRATE; METROLOGY; POLYMER AB Commonly known in macroscale mechanics, buckling phenomena are now also encountered in the nanoscale world as revealed in today's cutting-edge fabrication of microelectronics. The description of nanoscale buckling requires precise dimensional and elastic moduli measurements, as well as a thorough understanding of the relationships between stresses in the system and the ensuing morphologies. Here, we analyze quantitatively the buckling mechanics of organosilicate fins that are capped with hard masks in the process of lithographic formation of deep interconnects. We propose an analytical model that quantitatively describes the morphologies of the buckled fins generated by residual stresses in the hard mask. Using measurements of mechanical properties and geometric characteristics, we have verified the predictions of the analytical model for structures with various degrees of buckling, thus putting forth a framework for guiding the design of future nanoscale interconnect architectures. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ciobanu, Cristian V.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yoo, Hui J.; Myers, Alan; Singh, Kanwal; Jezewski, Christopher] Intel Corp, Components Res, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Miner, Barbara; King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov; cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3845 EP 3850 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00685 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CK6CU UT WOS:000356316900029 PM 25950850 ER PT J AU Reiman, A Ferraro, NM Turnbull, A Park, JK Cerfon, A Evans, TE Lanctot, MJ Lazarus, EA Liu, Y McFadden, G Monticello, D Suzuki, Y AF Reiman, A. Ferraro, N. M. Turnbull, A. Park, J. K. Cerfon, A. Evans, T. E. Lanctot, M. J. Lazarus, E. A. Liu, Y. McFadden, G. Monticello, D. Suzuki, Y. TI Tokamak plasma high field side response to an n=3 magnetic perturbation: a comparison of 3D equilibrium solutions from seven different codes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article DE 3D equilibrium; magnetic perturbation; ELM ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA; SPECTRAL CODE AB In comparing equilibrium solutions for a DIII-D shot that is amenable to analysis by both stellarator and tokamak threedimensional (3D) equilibrium codes, a significant disagreement has been seen between solutions of the VMEC stellarator equilibrium code and solutions of tokamak perturbative 3D equilibrium codes. The source of that disagreement has been investigated, and that investigation has led to new insights into the domain of validity of the different equilibrium calculations, and to a finding that the manner in which localized screening currents at low order rational surfaces are handled can affect global properties of the equilibrium solution. The perturbative treatment has been found to break down at surprisingly small perturbation amplitudes due to overlap of the calculated perturbed flux surfaces, and that treatment is not valid in the pedestal region of the DIII-D shot studied. The perturbative treatment is valid, however, further into the interior of the plasma, and flux surface overlap does not account for the disagreement investigated here. Calculated equilibrium solutions for simple model cases and comparison of the 3D equilibrium solutions with those of other codes indicate that the disagreement arises from a difference in handling of localized currents at low order rational surfaces, with such currents being absent in VMEC and present in the perturbative codes. The significant differences in the global equilibrium solutions associated with the presence or absence of very localized screening currents at rational surfaces suggests that it may be possible to extract information about localized currents from appropriate measurements of global equilibrium plasma properties. That would require improved diagnostic capability on the high field side of the tokamak plasma, a region difficult to access with diagnostics. C1 [Reiman, A.; Park, J. K.; Monticello, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ferraro, N. M.; Turnbull, A.; Evans, T. E.; Lanctot, M. J.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Cerfon, A.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Lazarus, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Liu, Y.] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE Fus Assoc, EURATOM, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [McFadden, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kyoto, Japan. RP Reiman, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM reiman@pppl.gov RI Lanctot, Matthew J/O-4979-2016; McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI Lanctot, Matthew J/0000-0002-7396-3372; McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU US Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04E854698, DE-FG02-95E854309, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-FG02-86ER53223] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-ACO2-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04E854698, DE-FG02-95E854309, DE-AC05-000R22725 and DE-FG02-86ER53223. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 6 AR 063026 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/6/063026 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CK5BG UT WOS:000356236500028 ER PT J AU Goudarzi, M Weber, WM Mak, TD Chung, JJ Doyle-Eisele, M Melo, DR Strawn, SJ Brenner, DJ Guilmette, RA Fornace, AJ AF Goudarzi, Maryam Weber, Waylon M. Mak, Tytus D. Chung, Juijung Doyle-Eisele, Melanie Melo, Dunstana R. Strawn, Steven J. Brenner, David J. Guilmette, Raymond A. Fornace, Albert J., Jr. TI A Comprehensive Metabolomic Investigation in Urine of Mice Exposed to Strontium-90 SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATED RATS; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; RADIATION; CESIUM-137; DATABASE; METLIN; MOUSE AB Internal emitters such as Strontium-90 (Sr-90) pose a substantial health risk during and immediately after a nuclear disaster or detonation of an improvised device. The environmental persistency and potency of Sr-90 calls for urgent development of high-throughput tests to establish levels of exposure and to help triage potentially exposed individuals who were in the immediate area of the disaster. In response to these concerns, our team focused on developing a robust metabolomic profile for Sr-90 exposure in urine using a mouse model. The sensitivity of modern time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) combined with the separation power of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine perturbations in the urinary metabolome of mice exposed to Sr-90. The recently developed statistical suite, MetaboLyzer, was used to explore the mass spectrometry data. The results indicated a significant change in the urinary abundances of metabolites pertaining to butanoate metabolism, vitamin B metabolism, glutamate and fatty acid oxidation. All of these pathways are either directly or indirectly connected to the central energy production pathway, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo metabolomics to evaluate the effects of exposure to Sr-90 using the easily accessible biofluid, urine. (C) 2015 by Radiation Research Society C1 [Goudarzi, Maryam; Chung, Juijung; Strawn, Steven J.; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Weber, Waylon M.; Doyle-Eisele, Melanie; Melo, Dunstana R.; Guilmette, Raymond A.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mak, Tytus D.; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brenner, David J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Goudarzi, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,New Res Bldg E504, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM mg668@georgetown.edu RI Goudarzi, Maryam/O-9472-2015 OI Goudarzi, Maryam/0000-0003-4961-3935 FU National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) [U19 A1067773]; Proteomic and Metabolomics Shared Resources [P30 CA51008] FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), awarded to Dr. David J. Brenner (grant no. U19 A1067773) and the Proteomic and Metabolomics Shared Resources (grant no. P30 CA51008). The authors would like to thank Georgetown University's Radiation Safety Office, and Dr. Amrita Cheema and Kirandeep Gill at the Proteomic and Metabolomics Shared Resources for making the analysis of the radioactive specimens possible. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 183 IS 6 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1667/RR14011.1 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CK7YI UT WOS:000356452600008 PM 26010713 ER PT J AU Louie, SM Pettibone, JM AF Louie, Stacey M. Pettibone, John M. TI Research highlights: elucidating the role of complex interactions affecting nanoparticle deposition SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Editorial Material ID POROUS-MEDIA; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; FATE DESCRIPTORS; TRANSPORT; AGGREGATION; ENVIRONMENT; MECHANISMS; SURFACES AB In this issue, we highlight recent works that advance our understanding of physicochemical mechanisms governing nanoparticle (NP) deposition in the environment. In one study, the transport of citrate-stabilized silver NPs in an unsaturated porous medium was assessed experimentally, which provided data to assess the contributions of NP attachment at the air-water interface with a modified transport model. Another study applied cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering to examine the effect that ferrihydrite NP aggregation state (density and structure) has on deposition behavior. Finally, we highlight a study that investigated the influence of excess polymeric constituents on the deposition of polymer-coated quantum dots and incorporated this effect in a multi-component site-blocking model. Overall, these studies highlight three distinct mechanisms of NP attachment beyond simple scenarios of saturated conditions, stable NPs, and single-constituent systems. These studies also point to new directions for improving the predictive capability of transport models. C1 [Louie, Stacey M.; Pettibone, John M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Louie, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stacey.louie@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PD JUN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 3 BP 222 EP 226 DI 10.1039/c5en90009c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CK1SF UT WOS:000355986900001 ER PT J AU Yuen, C Elkashlan, M Qian, Y Duong, TQ Shu, L Schmidt, F AF Yuen, Chau Elkashlan, Maged Qian, Yi Duong, Trung Q. Shu, Lei Schmidt, Frank TI ENERGY HARVESTING COMMUNICATIONS: PART 2 SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yuen, Chau] Lucent Technol Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Yuen, Chau] Inst Infocomm Res, Singapore, Singapore. [Yuen, Chau] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ British Columbia, Lab Adv Networking, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Elkashlan, Maged] CSIRO, Wireless & Networking Technol Lab, Urrbrae, SA, Australia. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Elkashlan, Maged] Univ London, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, London WC1E 7HU, England. [Qian, Yi] Univ Nebraska Lincoln UNL, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duong, Trung Q.] BTH, Cochin, Kerala, India. [Duong, Trung Q.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Shu, Lei] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Multimedia Engn, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Shu, Lei] Guangdong Univ Petrochem Technol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Dalian Univ Technol, Coll Software, Dalian, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Informat & Commun Engn, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Adv Technol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Guangdong Prov Key Lab Petrochem Equipment Fault, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Shu, Lei] Ind Secur & Wireless Sensor Networks Lab, Cochin, Kerala, India. [Schmidt, Frank] EnOcean, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. [Schmidt, Frank] Siemens AG, Cent Res Dept, Berlin, Germany. [Schmidt, Frank] Tech Univ Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany. EM yuenchau@sutd.edu.sg RI Duong, Trung Q./I-1291-2013 OI Duong, Trung Q./0000-0002-4703-4836 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CK3ZV UT WOS:000356157000009 ER PT J AU Hill, DA AF Hill, David A. TI Uniqueness of Plane Wave Integral Representation for Idealized Fields in Reverberation Chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Electric field; field uniformity; magnetic field; reverberation chamber; statistical electromagnetics AB A plane wave integral representation for fields in reverberation chambers has been found useful for the idealized case of well-stirred fields. The representation satisfies Maxwell's equations, and the statistical properties of the fields are obtained by letting the angular spectrum be a random variable with appropriate statistical properties. This representation yields the expected idealized ensemble (stirring) averages, in particular, spatial uniformity and isotropy. The purpose of this letter is to show that this representation is unique in that no other field representation will yield these desired ensemble averages. C1 NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hill, DA (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.hill@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 57 IS 3 BP 584 EP 586 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2406253 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CK5XB UT WOS:000356299900034 ER PT J AU Ngan, F Stein, A Draxler, R AF Ngan, Fong Stein, Ariel Draxler, Roland TI Inline Coupling of WRF-HYSPLIT: Model Development and Evaluation Using Tracer Experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; DISPERSION; WASHINGTON; REANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; FIELD; DC AB The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), a Lagrangian dispersion model, has been coupled (inline) to the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model meteorological model in such a way that the HYSPLIT calculation is run as part of the WRF-ARW prediction calculation. This inline version of HYSPLIT takes advantage of the higher temporal frequency of WRF-ARW variables relative to what would be available for the offline approach. Furthermore, the dispersion calculation uses the same vertical coordinate system as WRF-ARW, resulting in a more consistent depiction of the state of the atmosphere and the dispersion simulation. Both inline and the offline HYSPLIT simulations were conducted for two tracer experiments at quite different model spatial resolutions: the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX) in regional scale (at 9-km grid spacing) and the Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) in finescale (at 333.3-m grid spacing). A comparison of the model with the measured values showed that the results of the two approaches were very similar for all six releases in CAPTEX. For the ASCOT experiments, the cumulative statistical score of the inline simulations was better than or equal to offline runs in four of five releases. Although the use of the inline approach did not provide any advantage over the offline method for the regional spatial scale and medium-range temporal scale represented by the CAPTEX experiment, the inline HYSPLIT was able to improve the simulation of the dispersion when compared with the offline version for the fine spatial and temporal resolutions over the complex-terrain area represented by ASCOT. The improvement of the inline over the offline calculation is attributed to the elimination of temporal and vertical interpolation of the meteorological data as compared with the offline version. C1 [Ngan, Fong; Stein, Ariel; Draxler, Roland] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Ngan, Fong] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stein, Ariel] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Ngan, F (reprint author), NCWCP, Rm 4208,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM fantine.ngan@noaa.gov RI Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1162 EP 1176 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0247.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6VY UT WOS:000356367900003 ER PT J AU Conrick, R Reeves, HD Zhong, SY AF Conrick, Robert Reeves, Heather Dawn Zhong, Shiyuan TI The Dependence of QPF on the Choice of Boundary- and Surface-Layer Parameterization for a Lake-Effect Snowstorm SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFECT SNOW STORM; GREAT-LAKES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ICE COVER; HORIZONTAL-ROLL; MESOSCALE MODEL; LAND-BREEZE; PART I; SENSITIVITY; MICHIGAN AB Six forecasts of a lake-effect-snow event off Lake Erie were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to determine how the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) was affected when the boundary- and surface-layer parameterization schemes were changed. These forecasts showed strong variability, with differences in liquid-equivalent precipitation maxima in excess of 20 mm over a 6-h period. The quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE) schemes produced the highest accumulations, and the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) schemes produced the lowest. Differences in precipitation were primarily due to different sensible heat flux F-H and moisture flux F-Q off the lake, with lower F-H and F-Q in MYNN leading to comparatively weak low-level instability and, consequently, reduced ascent and production of hydrometeors. The different F-H and F-Q were found to have two causes. In QNSE, the higher F-H and F-Q were due to the decision to use a Prandtl number P-R of 0.72 (all other schemes use a P-R of 1). In MYNN, the lower F-H and F-Q were due to the manner in which the similarity stability function for heat psi(h) is functionally dependent on the temperature gradient between the surface and the lowest model layer. It is not known what assumptions are more accurate for environments that are typical for lake-effect snow, but comparisons with available observations and Rapid-Update-Cycle analyses indicated that MYNN had the most accurate results. C1 [Conrick, Robert] Natl Weather Ctr, Res Experience Undergrad Program, Norman, OK USA. [Conrick, Robert] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Reeves, Heather Dawn] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Reeves, Heather Dawn] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Lansing, MI USA. RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2401, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Research Council FX Special thanks are given to D. Turner. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Research Council. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1177 EP 1190 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0291.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6VY UT WOS:000356367900004 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ford, TW Wu, YH Quiring, SM Ek, MB AF Xia, Youlong Ford, Trent W. Wu, Yihua Quiring, Steven M. Ek, Michael B. TI Automated Quality Control of In Situ Soil Moisture from the North American Soil Moisture Database Using NLDAS-2 Products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; REANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; NETWORK; MISSION; SMOS AB The North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD) was initiated in 2011 to provide support for developing climate forecasting tools, calibrating land surface models, and validating satellite-derived soil moisture algorithms. The NASMD has collected data from over 30 soil moisture observation networks providing millions of in situ soil moisture observations in all 50 states, as well as Canada and Mexico. It is recognized that the quality of measured soil moisture in NASMD is highly variable because of the diversity of climatological conditions, land cover, soil texture, and topographies of the stations, and differences in measurement devices (e.g., sensors) and installation. It is also recognized that error, inaccuracy, and imprecision in the data can have significant impacts on practical operations and scientific studies. Therefore, developing an appropriate quality control procedure is essential to ensure that the data are of the best quality. In this study, an automated quality control approach is developed using the North American Land Data Assimilation System, phase 2 (NLDAS-2), Noah soil porosity, soil temperature, and fraction of liquid and total soil moisture to flag erroneous and/or spurious measurements. Overall results show that this approach is able to flag unreasonable values when the soil is partially frozen. A validation example using NLDAS-2 multiple model soil moisture products at the 20-cm soil layer showed that the quality control procedure had a significant positive impact in Alabama, North Carolina, and west Texas. It had a greater impact in colder regions, particularly during spring and autumn. Over 433 NASMD stations have been quality controlled using the methodology proposed in this study, and the algorithm will be implemented to control data quality from the other ~1200 NASMD stations in the near future. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Wu, Yihua; Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Wu, Yihua] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Ford, Trent W.; Quiring, Steven M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict NCWCP, IMSG, NCEP EMC, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1056796] FX We thank the data providers from the following networks: Jeff Andresen (Michigan AWN), Natalie Umphlett (Nebraska AWN), Mike Strobel (SCAN, SNOTEL), John Schroeder (West Texas Mesonet), and Rolf Reichle (QC SCAN). We also appreciate the scientists who worked for the Oklahoma Mesonet and the North Carolina ECONet. Without their efforts and support, this study would not be possible. Authors SQ and TF were funded by the National Science Foundation (Award AGS-1056796). We also acknowledge Brad Ferrier from EMC whose edits greatly improved the readability of this manuscript. The data used in this study can be obtained from the NASMD website (http://soilmoisture.tamu.edu/) and the NLDAS-2 website (http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/nldas). NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1282 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0275.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6VY UT WOS:000356367900010 ER PT J AU Leeper, RD Palecki, MA Davis, E AF Leeper, Ronald D. Palecki, Michael A. Davis, Egg TI Methods to Calculate Precipitation from Weighing-Bucket Gauges with Redundant Depth Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE PROCEDURES; CLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK AB The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) monitors precipitation using a well-shielded Geonor T-200B gauge. To ensure the quality and continuity of the data record, the USCRN adopted an innovative approach to monitor precipitation using redundant technology: three vibrating-wire load sensors measuring the liquid depth of a weighing-bucket gauge. In addition to detecting and flagging suboptimally operating sensors, quality assurance (QA) approaches also combine the redundant observations into a precipitation measurement. As an early adopter of this technology, USCRN has pioneered an effort to develop QA strategies for such precipitation systems. The initial USCRN approach to calculating precipitation from redundant depth observations, pairwise calculation (pairCalc), was found to be sensitive to sensor noise and gauge evaporation. These findings led to the development of a new approach to calculating precipitation that minimized these nonprecipitation impacts using a weighted average calculation (wavgCalc). The two calculation approaches were evaluated using station data and simulated precipitation scenarios with a known signal. The new QA system had consistently lower measures of error for simulated precipitation events. Improved handling of sensor noise and gauge evaporation led to increases in network total precipitation of 1.6% on average. These results indicate the new calculation system will improve the quality of USCRN precipitation measurements, making them a more reliable reference dataset with the capacity to monitor the nation's precipitation trends (mean and extremes). In addition, this study provides valuable insight into the development and evaluation of QA systems, particularly for networks adopting redundant approaches to monitoring precipitation. C1 [Leeper, Ronald D.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Leeper, Ronald D.; Palecki, Michael A.; Davis, Egg] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Davis, Egg] ERT Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Leeper, RD (reprint author), CICS NC NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ronald.leeper@noaa.gov FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. The USCRN is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. We especially thank Scott Embler and Diana Kantor for their technical assistance and Michael Kruk, Scott Applequist, Russell Vose, Jay Lawrimore, Tom Peterson, and the external reviewers for their editorial suggestions. The views and opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1190 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00185.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6WN UT WOS:000356369500004 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Karstens, C Krause, J Elmore, K Ryzhkov, A Berkseth, S AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Karstens, Christopher Krause, John Elmore, Kim Ryzhkov, Alexander Berkseth, Samantha TI Which Polarimetric Variables Are Important for Weather/No-Weather Discrimination? SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY DATA; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; NONPRECIPITATING ECHOES; QUALITY-CONTROL; ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS AB Recently, a radar data quality control algorithm has been devised to discriminate between weather echoes and echoes due to nonmeteorological phenomena, such as bioscatter, instrument artifacts, and ground clutter (Lakshmanan et al.), using the values of polarimetric moments at and around a range gate. Because the algorithm was created by optimizing its weights over a large reference dataset, statistical methods can be employed to examine the importance of the different variables in the context of discriminating between weather and no-weather echoes. Among the variables studied for their impact on the ability to identify and censor nonmeteorological artifacts from weather radar data, the method of successive permutations ranks the variance of Zdr, the reflectivity structure of the virtual volume scan, and the range derivative of the differential phase on propagation [PhiDP (Kdp)] as the most important. The same statistical framework can be used to study the impact of calibration errors in variables such as Zdr. The effects of Zdr calibration errors were found to be negligible. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Karstens, Christopher; Krause, John; Elmore, Kim; Ryzhkov, Alexander] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Karstens, Christopher; Krause, John; Elmore, Kim; Ryzhkov, Alexander] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Berkseth, Samantha] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program [AGS-1062932] FX Funding for the authors was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Samantha Berkseth was supported by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program AGS-1062932. We thank Robert Lee and Jeffrey Cunningham of NOAA's Radar Operations Center for the helpful discussions regarding Zdr biases on the WSR-88D network. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1223 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00205.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6WN UT WOS:000356369500006 ER PT J AU Inamdar, AK Knapp, KR AF Inamdar, Anand K. Knapp, Kenneth R. TI Intercomparison of Independent Calibration Techniques Applied to the Visible Channel of the ISCCP B1 Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-CLIMATOLOGY-PROJECT; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; PART I; MTSAT-1R; TARGETS; SENSOR; RADIANCES; PRODUCTS; DESERT; MOON AB The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 data, which were recently rescued at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center (NOAA/NCDC), are a resource for the study of the earth's climate. The ISCCP B1 data represent geostationary satellite imagery for all channels, including the infrared (IR), visible, and IR water vapor sensors. These are global 3-hourly snapshots from satellites around the world, covering the time period from 1979 to present at approximately 10-km spatial resolution. ISCCP B1 data will be used in the reprocessing of the cloud products, resulting in a higher-resolution ISCCP cloud climatology, surface radiation budget (SRB), etc. To realize the promise of a higher-resolution cloud climatology from the B1 data, an independent assessment of the calibration of the visible band was performed. The present study aims to accomplish this by cross-calibrating with the intercalibrated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) reflectance data from the AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) dataset. Since the reflectance calibration approach followed in the PATMOS-x dataset is radiometrically tied to the absolute calibration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imager instrument, the present intercalibration scheme yields calibration coefficients consistent with MODIS. Results from this study show that the two independent sets (this study and the ISCCP) of results agree to within their mutual uncertainties. An independent approach to calibration based on multiyear observations over spatially and temporally invariant desert sites has also been used for validation. Results reveal that for most of the geostationary satellites, the mean difference with ISCCP calibration is less than 3% with the random errors under 2%. Another result is that this extends the intercalibrated record to beyond what ISCCP provides (prior to 1983 and beyond 2009). C1 [Inamdar, Anand K.] NCSU, CICS, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Inamdar, Anand K.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA, Prod Branch, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Inamdar, AK (reprint author), NCSU, CICS, 151 Patton Ave,Room 420, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM anand.inamdar@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Data Record Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. The merged sets of ISCCP calibration coefficients (monthly intercept and slope values) were obtained from Joseph Ferrier at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA), New York, New York. The lunar calibration coefficients were provided by Thomas Stone of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) office, Flagstaff, Arizona. The authors are deeply indebted to Bill Rossow and Joe Ferrier for providing many valuable insights during the analysis of the results and to the anonymous reviewers, who helped significantly in improving the quality of the paper. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1225 EP 1240 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00040.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6WO UT WOS:000356369600001 ER PT J AU Thomson, J Talbert, J de Klerk, A Brown, A Schwendeman, M Goldsmith, J Thomas, J Olfe, C Cameron, G Meinig, C AF Thomson, Jim Talbert, Joe de Klerk, Alex Brown, Adam Schwendeman, Mike Goldsmith, Jarett Thomas, Julie Olfe, Corey Cameron, Grant Meinig, Christian TI Biofouling Effects on the Response of a Wave Measurement Buoy in Deep Water SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM RANGE AB The effects of biofouling on a wave measurement buoy are examined using concurrent data collected with two Datawell Waveriders at Ocean Station P: one heavily biofouled at the end of a 26-month deployment, the other newly deployed and clean. The effects are limited to the high-frequency response of the buoy and are correctly diagnosed with the spectral "check factors" that compare horizontal and vertical displacements. A simple prediction for the progressive change in frequency response during biofouling reproduces the check factors over time. The bulk statistical parameters of significant wave height, peak period, average period, and peak direction are only slightly affected by the biofouling because the contaminated frequencies have very low energy throughout the comparison dataset. C1 [Thomson, Jim; Talbert, Joe; de Klerk, Alex; Brown, Adam; Schwendeman, Mike] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Goldsmith, Jarett] DNV GL, San Diego, CA USA. [Thomas, Julie; Olfe, Corey; Cameron, Grant] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Coastal Data Informat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Meinig, Christian] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St,Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jthomson@apl.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Tully, R/V New Horizon, and R/V T. G. Thompson. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0029.1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK6WO UT WOS:000356369600005 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Wahl, ER AF Diaz, Henry F. Wahl, Eugene R. TI Recent California Water Year Precipitation Deficits: A 440-Year Perspective* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; PATTERNS; PROJECT; TIME; US AB An analysis of the October 2013-September 2014 precipitation in the western United States and in particular over the California-Nevada region suggests this anomalously dry season, while extreme, is not unprecedented in comparison with the approximately 120-yr-long instrumental record of water year (WY; October-September) totals and in comparison with a 407-yr WY precipitation reconstruction dating back to 1571. Over this longer period, nine other years are known or estimated to have been nearly as dry or drier than WY 2014. The 3-yr deficit for WYs 2012-14, which in California exceeded the annual mean precipitation, is more extreme but also not unprecedented, occurring three other times over the past approximate 440 years in the reconstruction. WY precipitation has also been deficient on average for the past 14 years, and such a run of predominantly dry WYs is also a rare occurrence in the authors' merged reconstructed plus instrumental period record. C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA ESRL Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Paleoclimatol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA ESRL CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 12 BP 4637 EP 4652 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00774.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CK5RR UT WOS:000356283900003 ER PT J AU Tripovich, JS Klinck, H Nieukirk, SL Adams, T Mellinger, DK Balcazar, NE Klinck, K Hall, EJS Rogers, TL AF Tripovich, Joy S. Klinck, Holger Nieukirk, Sharon L. Adams, Tempe Mellinger, David K. Balcazar, Naysa E. Klinck, Karolin Hall, Evelyn J. S. Rogers, Tracey L. TI Temporal segregation of the Australian and Antarctic blue whale call types (Balaenoptera musculus spp.) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda; Balaenoptera musculus intermedia; calls; cryptic sympatric marine mammals; diel; ecology; seasonal; vocalizations ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; OCEAN AB We examined recordings from a 15-month (May 2009-July 2010) continuous acoustic data set collected from a bottom-mounted passive acoustic recorder at a sample frequency of 6 kHz off Portland, Victoria, Australia (38 degrees 33'01 '' S, 141 degrees 15'13 '' E) off southern Australia. Analysis revealed that calls from both subspecies were recorded at this site, and general additive modeling revealed that the number of calls varied significantly across seasons. Antarctic blue whales were detected more frequently from July to October 2009 and June to July 2010, corresponding to the suspected breeding season, while Australian blue whales were recorded more frequently from March to June 2010, coinciding with the feeding season. In both subspecies, the number of calls varied with time of day; Antarctic blue whale calls were more prevalent in the night to early morning, while Australian blue whale calls were detected more often from midday to early evening. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we show that each subspecies adopts different seasonal and daily call patterns which may be related to the ecological strategies of these subspecies. This study demonstrates the importance of passive acoustics in enabling us to understand and monitor subtle differences in the behavior and ecology of cryptic sympatric marine mammals. C1 [Tripovich, Joy S.; Adams, Tempe; Balcazar, Naysa E.; Rogers, Tracey L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch BEES, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Klinck, Holger; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Klinck, Holger; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hall, Evelyn J. S.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. RP Tripovich, JS (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch BEES, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Biol Sci Bldg D26, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM joy.tripovich@unsw.edu.au OI Rogers, Tracey/0000-0002-7141-4177 FU Winifred Violet Scott Trust FX Data were sourced from the Integrated Marine Observing System-an initiative of the Australian Government being conducted as part of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and the Super Science Initiative. This project has been kindly funded, in part, from the Winifred Violet Scott Trust. We thank Alexander Gavrilov and Robert McCauley for the helpful assistance with the project. This is National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution #4101. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 96 IS 3 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1093/jmammal/gyv065 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CK3WI UT WOS:000356146800014 PM 26937046 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS Markey, SP Dosemeci, A AF Lowenthal, Mark S. Markey, Sanford P. Dosemeci, Ayse TI Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Measurements Reveal Stoichiometry of Principal Postsynaptic Density Proteins SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE postsynaptic density; protein stoichiometry; multiple reaction monitoring; copy numbers ID AMPA RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT UBIQUITINATION; EXCITATORY SYNAPSES; KINASE-II; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION PATTERNS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; TARGETED PROTEOMICS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; RAT FOREBRAIN AB Quantitative studies are presented of postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions from rat cerebral cortex with the ultimate goal of defining the average copy numbers of proteins in the PSD complex. Highly specific and selective isotope dilution mass spectrometry assays were developed using isotopically labeled polypeptide concatemer internal standards. Interpretation of PSD protein stoichiometry was achieved as a molar ratio with respect to PSD-95 (SAP-90, DLG4), and subsequently, copy numbers were estimated using a consensus literature value for PSD-95. Average copy numbers for several proteins at the PSD were estimated for the first time, including those for AIDA-1, BRAGs, and densin. Major findings include evidence for the high copy number of AIDA-1 in the PSD (144 +/- 30)-equivalent to that of the total GKAP family of proteins (150 +/- 27)-suggesting that AIDA-I is an element of the PSD scaffold. The average copy numbers for NMDA receptor sub-units were estimated to be 66 +/- 18, 27 +/- 9, and 45 +/- 15, respectively, for GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B, yielding a total of 34 10 NMDA channels. Estimated average copy numbers for AMPA channels and their auxiliary sub-units TARPs were 68 +/- 36 and 144 +/- 38, respectively, with a stoichiometry of similar to 1:2 supporting the assertion that most AMPA receptors anchor to the PSD via TARP sub-units. This robust, quantitative analysis of PSD proteins improves upon and extends the list of major PSD components with assigned average copy numbers in the ongoing effort to unravel the complex molecular architecture of the PSD. C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Markey, Sanford P.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Markey, Sanford P.] NIMH, Lab Neurotoxicol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dosemeci, Ayse] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov FU National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke; National Institute of Mental Health [1ZIAMH000274-35] FX Our thanks to Dhaval Nanavati, Adele Blackler, Jim Makusky, Brian Martin, and Jacqui Cole, who worked on earlier stages of this project, Deb Chatterjee of the NCI Protein Expression Laboratory for production of fused labeled polypeptides, and Dr. Thomas Reese for a critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke and the National Institute of Mental Health, project 1ZIAMH000274-35. NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2528 EP 2538 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00109 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CK1IW UT WOS:000355962000015 PM 25874902 ER PT J AU Christianson, O Chen, JJS Yang, ZT Saiprasad, G Dima, A Filliben, JJ Peskin, A Trimble, C Siegel, EL Samei, E AF Christianson, Olav Chen, Joseph J. S. Yang, Zhitong Saiprasad, Ganesh Dima, Alden Filliben, James J. Peskin, Adele Trimble, Christopher Siegel, Eliot L. Samei, Ehsan TI An Improved Index of Image Quality for Task-based Performance of CT Iterative Reconstruction across Three Commercial Implementations SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONE-BEAM CT; HUMAN OBSERVER PERFORMANCE; FILTERED BACK-PROJECTION; DOSE REDUCTION; NOISE POWER; PARAMETERS; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; MODEL; NPS AB Purpose: To develop and validate a metric of computed tomographic (CT) image quality that incorporates the noise texture and resolution properties of an image. Materials and Methods: Images of the American College of Radiology CT quality assurance phantom were acquired by using three commercial CT systems at seven dose levels with filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). Image quality was characterized by the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and a detectability index (d') that incorporated noise texture and spatial resolution. The measured CNR and d' were compared with a corresponding observer study by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient to determine how well each metric reflects the ability of an observer to detect subtle lesions. Statistical significance of the correlation between each metric and observer performance was determined by using a Student t distribution; P values less than .05 indicated a significant correlation. Additionally, each metric was used to estimate the dose reduction potential of IR algorithms while maintaining image quality. Results: Across all dose levels, scanner models, and reconstruction algorithms, the d' correlated strongly with observer performance in the corresponding observer study (rho = 0.95; P < .001), whereas the CNR correlated weakly with observer performance (rho = 0.31; P = .21). Furthermore, the d' showed that the dose-reduction capabilities differed between clinical implementations (range, 12%-35%) and were less than those predicted from the CNR (range, 50%-54%). Conclusion: The strong correlation between the observer performance and the d' indicates that the d' is superior to the CNR for the evaluation of CT image quality. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that the d' improves less than the CNR with the use of IR, which indicates less potential for IR dose reduction than previously thought. (C)RSNA, 2015 C1 [Christianson, Olav; Samei, Ehsan] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Chen, Joseph J. S.; Yang, Zhitong; Trimble, Christopher; Siegel, Eliot L.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Saiprasad, Ganesh; Dima, Alden; Filliben, James J.; Peskin, Adele] NIST, Dept Software & Syst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christianson, O (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2424 Erwin Rd,Suite 302, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM olav.christianson@gmail.com FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Siemens Medical Solutions; GE Healthcare FX O.C. disclosed no relevant relationships. J.J.S.C. Activities related to the present article: received a grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Activities not related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Other relationships: disclosed no relevant relationships. Z.Y. Activities related to the present article: received a grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Activities not related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Other relationships: disclosed no relevant relationships. G.S. disclosed no relevant relationships. A.D. disclosed no relevant relationships. J.J.F. disclosed no relevant relationships. A.P. disclosed no relevant relationships. C.T. Activities related to the present article: received travel support from the University of Maryland Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Activities not related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Other relationships: disclosed no relevant relationships. E.L.S. disclosed no relevant relationships. E.S. Activities related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Activities not related to the present article: received grants from Siemens Medical Solutions and from GE Healthcare. Other relationships: disclosed no relevant relationships. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JUN PY 2015 VL 275 IS 3 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1148/radiol.15132091 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CK1SZ UT WOS:000355988900013 PM 25686365 ER PT J AU Thorne, C Castro, J Cluer, B Skidmore, P Shea, C AF Thorne, C. Castro, J. Cluer, B. Skidmore, P. Shea, C. TI Project Risk Screening Matrix for River Management and Restoration SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE environmental impact assessment; permitting; project review; risk analysis; river management ID APPRAISALS; BASINS AB The project risk screening matrix' derives from a broader effort to assist US government agency staff in reviewing proposed stream management and restoration projects more efficiently and effectively. The River Restoration Analysis Tool (RiverRAT) developed through this effort provides a thorough, comprehensive and auditable approach to review and evaluate proposed stream actions and projects (). The matrix was initially developed as the first step in applying the RiverRAT, its purpose being to assist reviewers in assessing the risk to natural resources associated with a particular proposal and matching the intensity of their review to the severity of that risk. Hence, the primary application of the matrix to date has been to identify and screen out low risk projects that may be dealt with expeditiously, so freeing the time and technical resources needed to allow deep reviews of higher risk projects. A second form of screening emerged from this primary function because the matrix proved adept at identifying the minimum level of site and project characterization required to support initial risk assessment. On this basis, proposals lacking adequate information can also be screened out, being referred back to the proponent with a request for additional information. More recently, new and novel versions of the matrix, featuring modification and refinement of one or both of the original axes, have emerged to widen and refine its application to linear infrastructure (e.g. pipelines, roads, and electrical transmission lines), in-stream structures (e.g. large wood placement and culvert removal), and pre-application, regulatory, decision-support tools. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Thorne, C.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Castro, J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Cluer, B.] NOAA NMFS, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Skidmore, P.] Skidmore Restorat Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Shea, C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Thorne, C (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM colin.thorne@nottingham.ac.uk NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 611 EP 626 DI 10.1002/rra.2753 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CK1WL UT WOS:000355999100009 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Chung, YS Tans, PP Dlugokencky, EJ AF Kim, Hak-Sung Chung, Yong S. Tans, Pieter P. Dlugokencky, Edward J. TI Decadal trends of atmospheric methane in East Asia from 1991 to 2013 SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric CH4; Decadal trend; Annual growth rate difference from MLO; The East Asian monitoring sites ID SINKS; CYCLE AB Discrete air sample measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) were analyzed at the following East Asian monitoring sites: Mt. Waliguan (WLG), China; Ulaan Uul (UUM), Mongolia; Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP), Korea; and the remote high-altitude site, Mauna Loa (MLO), Hawaii, for 1991 similar to 2013. The changes of CH4 emission from regional sources resulted in a trend in the difference between the East Asian monitoring sites and MLO. The average annual growth rate in the difference between TAP and MLO has a larger 1 sigma uncertainty of the trend of 0.3 ppb year(-1) compared with WLG and UUM. TAP is influenced by changes in regional sources. Therefore, the annual increase varies greatly from year to year. The East Asian monitoring sites show a different seasonal cycle. The average seasonal variation at TAP has higher standard deviation in July and August. During July and August, there is inflow of air depleted in CH4 by OH radical over the North Pacific Ocean as well as very high CH4 from paddy field in eastern China. The average annual growth rate in the difference between TAP and MLO was increasing with 1.4 +/- 1.2 ppb year(-1) for the regional polluted continental (RPC) air mass originating from China. C1 [Kim, Hak-Sung; Chung, Yong S.] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, Cheongju 361891, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tans, Pieter P.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, 304 Koonghyon, Cheongju 361891, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM envir007@chol.com FU Korea Meteorological Administration, CATER [2012-6160] FX This study was carried out with a science subvention of the Korea Meteorological Administration, CATER (2012-6160). NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1873-9318 EI 1873-9326 J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health PD JUN PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s11869-015-0331-x PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ3YD UT WOS:000355419500005 ER PT J AU Padula, F Cao, CY AF Padula, Francis Cao, Changyong TI Detector-level spectral characterization of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite long-wave infrared bands M15 and M16 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor data record (SDR) product achieved validated maturity status in March 2014 after roughly two years of on-orbit characterization (S-NPP spacecraft launched on 28 October 2011). During post-launch analysis the VIIRS Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Environmental Data Record (EDR) team observed an anomalous striping pattern in the daytime SST data. Daytime SST retrievals use the two VIIRS long-wave infrared bands: M15 (10.7 mu m) and M16 (11.8 mu m). To assess possible root causes due to detector-level spectral response function (SRF) effects, a study was conducted to compare the radiometric response of the detector-level and operational-band averaged SRFs of VIIRS bands M15 and M16. The study used simulated hyperspectral blackbody radiance data and clear-sky ocean hyperspectral radiances under different atmospheric conditions. It was concluded that the SST product is likely impacted by small differences in detector-level SRFs and that if users require optimal radiometric performance, detector-level processing is recommended for both SDR and EDR products. Future work should investigate potential SDR product improvements through detector-level processing in support of the generation of Suomi NPP VIIRS climate quality SDRs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Padula, Francis] GeoThinkTank LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Padula, F (reprint author), GeoThinkTank LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM frank@geothinktank.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU NOAA/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program FX NOAA/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 16 BP 5109 EP 5116 DI 10.1364/AO.54.005109 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CJ5UF UT WOS:000355555700023 PM 26192672 ER PT J AU Briske, DD Joyce, LA Polley, HW Brown, JR Wolter, K Morgan, JA McCarl, BA Bailey, DW AF Briske, David D. Joyce, Linda A. Polley, H. Wayne Brown, Joel R. Wolter, Klaus Morgan, Jack A. McCarl, Bruce A. Bailey, Derek W. TI Climate-change adaptation on rangelands: linking regional exposure with diverse adaptive capacity SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AUSTRALIAN RANGELANDS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; INCREASES; CO2; VULNERABILITY; CONSEQUENCES AB The ecological consequences of climate change are predicted to vary greatly throughout US rangelands. Projections show warming and drying in the southern Great Plains and the Southwest, warmer and drier summers with reduced winter snowpack in the Northwest, and warmer and wetter conditions in the northern Great Plains. Primarily through their combined effects on soil water availability, these climatic changes will modify plant production and community composition, which will, in turn, affect the livelihoods of humans who rely upon livestock grazing. The ability of rangeland managers to assess risk and prepare for climate change varies greatly and reflects their different adaptive capacities. Geographically specific exposure to climate change and a diverse adaptive capacity to counteract these changes will require development of varied adaptation strategies that can accommodate the various needs and abilities of livestock managers. C1 [Briske, David D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Joyce, Linda A.] US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Res Program, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Brown, Joel R.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [McCarl, Bruce A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bailey, Derek W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Briske, DD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dbriske@tamu.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 5 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1890/140266 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ6NK UT WOS:000355610300007 ER PT J AU Holt, MM Noren, DP Dunkin, RC Williams, TM AF Holt, Marla M. Noren, Dawn P. Dunkin, Robin C. Williams, Terrie M. TI Vocal performance affects metabolic rate in dolphins: implications for animals communicating in noisy environments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Metabolic cost; Oxygen consumption; Vocal effort; Vocal modification ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOUND PRODUCTION; ENERGETIC COST; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; VESSEL NOISE; ECHOLOCATION; BEHAVIOR; VO2 AB Many animals produce louder, longer or more repetitious vocalizations to compensate for increases in environmental noise. Biological costs of increased vocal effort in response to noise, including energetic costs, remain empirically undefined in many taxa, particularly in marine mammals that rely on sound for fundamental biological functions in increasingly noisy habitats. For this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that an increase in vocal effort would result in an energetic cost to the signaler by experimentally measuring oxygen consumption during rest and a 2 min vocal period in dolphins that were trained to vary vocal loudness across trials. Vocal effort was quantified as the total acoustic energy of sounds produced. Metabolic rates during the vocal period were, on average, 1.2 and 1.5 times resting metabolic rate (RMR) in dolphin A and B, respectively. As vocal effort increased, we found that there was a significant increase in metabolic rate over RMR during the 2 min following sound production in both dolphins, and in total oxygen consumption (metabolic cost of sound production plus recovery costs) in the dolphin that showed a wider range of vocal effort across trials. Increases in vocal effort, as a consequence of increases in vocal amplitude, repetition rate and/or duration, are consistent with behavioral responses to noise in free - ranging animals. Here, we empirically demonstrate for the first time in a marine mammal, that these vocal modifications can have an energetic impact at the individual level and, importantly, these data provide a mechanistic foundation for evaluating biological consequences of vocal modification in noise - polluted habitats. C1 [Holt, Marla M.; Noren, Dawn P.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunkin, Robin C.; Williams, Terrie M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Holt, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Marla.Holt@noaa.gov FU US Office of Naval Research [N0001410IP20067, N0001411IP20017, N000141110341, N000140811273] FX This work was funded by the US Office of Naval Research awards N0001410IP20067 and N0001411IP20017 to M.M.H. and D.P.N., N000141110341 and N000140811273 to T.M.W. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 47 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 218 IS 11 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.1242/jeb.122424 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CJ6KF UT WOS:000355602000012 PM 25852069 ER PT J AU McDermott, SP Bransome, NC Sutton, SE Smith, BE Link, JS Miller, TJ AF McDermott, S. P. Bransome, N. C. Sutton, S. E. Smith, B. E. Link, J. S. Miller, T. J. TI Quantifying alosine prey in the diets of marine piscivores in the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alewife; demersal fish; Gulf of Maine; river herring; trophic interaction ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; ATLANTIC COD; STRIPED BASS; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; AGE-0 BLUEFISH; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; DELAWARE BAY; SALMO-SALAR; FOOD WEBS AB The objectives of this work were to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the occurrence of anadromous fishes (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, blueback herring Alosa aestivalis and American shad Alosa sapidissima) in the stomachs of demersal fishes in coastal waters of the north-west Atlantic Ocean. Results show that anadromous fishes were detectable and quantifiable in the diets of common marine piscivores for every season sampled. Even though anadromous fishes were not the most abundant prey, they accounted for c. 5-10% of the diet by mass for several marine piscivores. Statistical comparisons of these data with fish diet data from a broad-scale survey of the north-west Atlantic Ocean indicate that the frequency of this trophic interaction was significantly higher within spatially and temporally focused sampling areas of this study than in the broad-scale survey. Odds ratios of anadromous predation were as much as 460 times higher in the targeted sampling as compared with the broad-scale sampling. Analyses indicate that anadromous prey consumption was more concentrated in the near-coastal waters compared with consumption of a similar, but more widely distributed species, the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. In the context of ecosystem-based fisheries management, the results suggest that even low-frequency feeding events may be locally important, and should be incorporated into ecosystem models. (C) 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [McDermott, S. P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Bransome, N. C.; Miller, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sutton, S. E.; Smith, B. E.; Link, J. S.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McDermott, SP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM sean.mcdermott@noaa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU NOAA Fisheries Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office Habitat Conservation Programme; NOAA Cooperative Institute for North Atlantic Research [CINAR NA09OAR4320129]; NSF-NOAA CAMEO project [OCE-0961-632] FX This work was funded through an award from NOAA Fisheries Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office Habitat Conservation Programme and via a student fellowship to N.B. from the NOAA Cooperative Institute for North Atlantic Research (CINAR NA09OAR4320129). T.J.M. is supported in part by an NSF-NOAA CAMEO project (OCE-0961-632). We thank the crew of NOAA R.V. Gloria Michelle, staff from NEFSC who assisted with fieldwork, Maine Department of Marine Resources staff and crew of F.V. Robert Michael. Also, we thank the many scientists who have contributed to the NEFSC food habits database, without whom, these analyses would not have been possible. This is contribution 5000 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1811 EP 1829 DI 10.1111/jfb.12692 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ6UD UT WOS:000355628700009 PM 25943427 ER PT J AU Maki, A Price, JE Harzan, J Nibler, JW Weber, A Masiello, T Blake, TA AF Maki, A. Price, J. E. Harzan, J. Nibler, J. W. Weber, A. Masiello, T. Blake, T. A. TI Analysis of several high-resolution infrared bands of spiropentane, C5H8 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Spiropentane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational constants; DFT study; Anharmonic frequencies ID SPECTRA; MOLECULES AB The high-resolution infrared absorption spectrum of spiropentane (C5H8) has been measured from 200 to 4000 cm(-1), and a detailed analysis is presented for eight bands in the region from 700 to 2200 cm(-1). Two fundamental perpendicular bands were analyzed, v(22) and v(24) near 1050 and 780 cm(-1), respectively, along with two fundamental parallel bands, v(14) and v(16) near 1540 and 990 cm(-1), respectively. Two other fundamentals, v(17) and v(23), are seen as intense overlapping bands near 880 cm(-1) and are Coriolis-coupled, producing a complex mixture in which only P-branch transitions could be tentatively assigned for v(17). In addition, three binary combination bands were fit at about 1570, 2082, and 2098 cm(-1) which are assigned as either 2v(24) or v(5) + v(16) in the first case, v(4) + v(22) in the second case, and 2v(22) in the latter case. The two l-type resonance constants, q(+) and q(-), were determined for each of the two perpendicular fundamentals v(22) and v(24). Those two constants were also responsible for splittings observed in the K = 3 levels of v(24). For the ground state the order of the split K = 2 B-1/B-2 levels has been reversed from that reported previously, based on the measurements and assignments for the v(24) band. Rovibrational parameters deduced from the analyses are compared with those obtained from density functional Gaussian calculations at the anharmonic level. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, J. E.; Harzan, J.; Nibler, J. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Weber, A.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masiello, T.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu FU Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Award; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX J. Nibler acknowledges a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Award which provided support of undergraduates Joseph Price and Jared Harzan. The infrared spectra were recorded at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank Robert Sams of PNNL for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of spiropentane at this facility. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 312 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2015.03.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CJ6XR UT WOS:000355639000010 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, C Kinnischtzke, L Goodfellow, KM Beams, R Vamivakas, AN AF Chakraborty, Chitraleema Kinnischtzke, Laura Goodfellow, Kenneth M. Beams, Ryan Vamivakas, A. Nick TI Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-N-JUNCTIONS; VALLEY POLARIZATION; MONOLAYER WSE2; MOS2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE; GRAPHENE; DIODES; SPINS AB Although semiconductor defects can often be detrimental to device performance, they are also responsible for the breadth of functionality exhibited by modern optoelectronic devices(1). Artificially engineered defects (so-called quantum dots) or naturally occurring defects in solids are currently being investigated for applications ranging from quantum information science(2,3) and optoelectronics(4) to high-resolution metrology(5). In parallel, the quantum confinement exhibited by atomically thin materials (semi-metals, semiconductors and insulators) has ushered in an era of flatland optoelectronics whose full potential is still being articulated(6-18). In this Letter we demonstrate the possibility of leveraging the atomically thin semiconductor tungsten diselenide (WSe2) as a host for quantum dot-like defects. We report that this previously unexplored solid-state quantum emitter in WSe2 generates single photons with emission properties that can be controlled via the application of external d.c. electric and magnetic fields. These new optically active quantum dots exhibit excited-state lifetimes on the order of 1 ns and remarkably large excitonic g-factors of 10. It is anticipated that WSe2 quantum dots will provide a novel platform for integrated solid-state quantum photonics(2,3) and quantum information processing(19), as well as a rich condensed-matter physics playground with which to explore the coupling of quantum dots and atomically thin semiconductors. C1 [Chakraborty, Chitraleema; Vamivakas, A. Nick] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kinnischtzke, Laura] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kinnischtzke, Laura; Goodfellow, Kenneth M.; Vamivakas, A. Nick] Univ Rochester, Ctr Coherence & Quantum Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Goodfellow, Kenneth M.; Vamivakas, A. Nick] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Beams, Ryan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vamivakas, AN (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM nick.vamivakas@rochester.edu OI Chakraborty, Chitraleema/0000-0003-2393-0481 FU Institute of Optics; National Science Foundation DMR award [1309734] FX A.N.V. acknowledges support from the Institute of Optics and National Science Foundation DMR award no. 1309734. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 32 U2 136 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 10 IS 6 BP 507 EP U38 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.79 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ6RC UT WOS:000355620000011 PM 25938569 ER PT J AU Tanamachi, RL Heinselman, PL Wicker, LJ AF Tanamachi, Robin L. Heinselman, Pamela L. Wicker, Louis J. TI Impacts of a Storm Merger on the 24 May 2011 El Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; DOPPLER RADAR; DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PART I; CYCLIC MESOCYCLOGENESIS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; 2007 GREENSBURG; DUAL-DOPPLER AB On 24 May 2011, a tornadic supercell (the El Reno, Oklahoma, storm) produced tornadoes rated as category 3 and 5 events on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF3 and EF5, respectively) during a severe weather outbreak. The transition ("handoff") between the two tornadoes occurred as the El Reno storm merged with a weaker, ancillary storm. To examine the impacts of the merger on the dynamics of these storms, a series of three-dimensional cloud-scale analyses are created by assimilating 1-min volumetric observations from the National Weather Radar Testbed's phased array radar into a numerical cloud model using the local ensemble transform Kalman filter technique. The El Reno storm, its updrafts, and vortices in the analyzed fields are objectively identified, and the changes in these objects before, during, and after the merger are examined. It is found that the merger did not cause the tornado handoff, which preceded the updraft merger by about 5 min. Instead, the handoff likely resulted from midlevel mesocyclone occlusion, in which the midlevel mesocyclone split and a portion is shed rearward with respect to storm motion. During the merger process, the midlevel mesocyclone and updraft structure in the El Reno storm became relatively disorganized. New updraft pulses that formed above colliding outflow boundaries between the two storms tilted environmental vorticity from low levels to generate an additional midlevel vortex that later merged with the El Reno storm's midlevel mesocyclone. Once the similar to 10-min merger process was complete, the El Reno storm and its mesocyclone rapidly reintensified, as access to buoyant inflow sector air was restored. C1 [Tanamachi, Robin L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Tanamachi, RL (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM robin.tanamachi@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by a National Research Council Research associateship awarded to the first author. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Manual dealiasing and quality control of the NWRT PAR data were performed by Brandon Smith and Lamont Bain (students of Kevin Manross), and Dr. Michael French. We are particularly indebted to Dr. Valliappa Lakshmanan for his assistance in implementing the enhanced watershed and NEW tracking algorithms. Dr. Lakshmanan, Dr. Patrick Skinner, and two additional anonymous reviewers kindly suggested improvements to this manuscript. Oklahoma Mesonet data with 1-min time resolution were provided by Dr. Kevin Kloesel, Dr. Chris Fiebrich, and Cindy Luttrell. Dr. Daniel T. Dawson II contributed the code to plot the ensemble vortex swath. Dr. Ryan Hastings, Dave Priegnitz, David Andra, Don Burgess, Andrew MacKenzie, and Jaret Rogers provided helpful discussion. NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 501 EP 524 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00164.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300001 ER PT J AU Cohen, AE Cavallo, SM Coniglio, MC Brooks, HE AF Cohen, Ariel E. Cavallo, Steven M. Coniglio, Michael C. Brooks, Harold E. TI A Review of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes and Their Sensitivity in Simulating Southeastern US Cold Season Severe Weather Environments SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; WRF MODEL; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; PART I; PREDICTION; VERIFICATION; FORECASTS; SUPERCELL; CONVECTION AB The representation of turbulent mixing within the lower troposphere is needed to accurately portray the vertical thermodynamic and kinematic profiles of the atmosphere in mesoscale model forecasts. For mesoscale models, turbulence is mostly a subgrid-scale process, but its presence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) can directly modulate a simulation's depiction of mass fields relevant for forecast problems. The primary goal of this work is to review the various parameterization schemes that the Weather Research and Forecasting Model employs in its depiction of turbulent mixing (PBL schemes) in general, and is followed by an application to a severe weather environment. Each scheme represents mixing on a local and/or nonlocal basis. Local schemes only consider immediately adjacent vertical levels in the model, whereas nonlocal schemes can consider a deeper layer covering multiple levels in representing the effects of vertical mixing through the PBL. As an application, a pair of cold season severe weather events that occurred in the southeastern United States are examined. Such cases highlight the ambiguities of classically defined PBL schemes in a cold season severe weather environment, though characteristics of the PBL schemes are apparent in this case. Low-level lapse rates and storm-relative helicity are typically steeper and slightly smaller for nonlocal than local schemes, respectively. Nonlocal mixing is necessary to more accurately forecast the lower-tropospheric lapse rates within the warm sector of these events. While all schemes yield overestimations of mixed-layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE), nonlocal schemes more strongly overestimate MLCAPE than do local schemes. C1 [Cohen, Ariel E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Cohen, Ariel E.; Cavallo, Steven M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.; Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Cohen, AE (reprint author), Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ariel.cohen@noaa.gov NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 591 EP 612 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00105.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300005 ER PT J AU Clark, AJ Coniglio, MC Coffer, BE Thompson, G Xue, M Kong, FY AF Clark, Adam J. Coniglio, Michael C. Coffer, Brice E. Thompson, Greg Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI Sensitivity of 24-h Forecast Dryline Position and Structure to Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Convection-Allowing WRF Model Simulations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; PART I; REGIONAL PREDICTION; FINESCALE STRUCTURE; WEATHER PREDICTION; VERIFICATION; RUC; ASSIMILATION AB Recent NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments have emphasized the sensitivity of forecast sensible weather fields to how boundary layer processes are represented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Thus, since 2010, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms has configured at least three members of their WRF-based Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system specifically for examination of sensitivities to parameterizations of turbulent mixing, including the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ); quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE); Asymmetrical Convective Model, version 2 (ACM2); Yonsei University (YSU); and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) schemes (hereafter PBL members). In postexperiment analyses, significant differences in forecast boundary layer structure and evolution have been observed, and for preconvective environments MYNN was found to have a superior depiction of temperature and moisture profiles. This study evaluates the 24-h forecast dryline positions in the SSEF system PBL members during the period April-June 2010-12 and documents sensitivities of the vertical distribution of thermodynamic and kinematic variables in near-dryline environments. Main results include the following. Despite having superior temperature and moisture profiles, as indicated by a previous study, MYNN was one of the worst-performing PBL members, exhibiting large eastward errors in forecast dryline position. During April-June 2010-11, a dry bias in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) initial conditions largely contributed to eastward dryline errors in all PBL members. An upgrade to the NAM and assimilation system in October 2011 apparently fixed the dry bias, reducing eastward errors. Large sensitivities of CAPE and low-level shear to the PBL schemes were found, which were largest between 1.0 degrees and 3.0 degrees to the east of drylines. Finally, modifications to YSU to decrease vertical mixing and mitigate its warm and dry bias greatly reduced eastward dryline errors. C1 [Clark, Adam J.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Coffer, Brice E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thompson, Greg] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Clark, AJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, NSSL, FRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM adam.clark@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888. MX was supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. CAPS forecasts were supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Athena (a Cray XT4) at the National Institute for Computational Science (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/). CAPS utilized resources from the OU Supercomputing Center for Research and Education for ensemble postprocessing. We thank two anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments/suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 613 EP 638 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00078.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300006 ER PT J AU Stein, AF Ngan, F Draxler, RR Chai, T AF Stein, A. F. Ngan, F. Draxler, R. R. Chai, T. TI Potential Use of Transport and Dispersion Model Ensembles for Forecasting Applications SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; TRACER EXPERIMENT; PART I; PACKAGE AB Using ensembles to improve the simulation of plume dispersion is becoming a more common practice. One of the biggest challenges in creating ensembles is developing the appropriate member selection process to get the most accurate results, quantify ensemble uncertainty, and use computing resources more efficiently by avoiding the use of redundant model information. In this work, two reduction techniques are tested: one that is independent of observations and is based on the exclusion of redundant members by using uncorrelation as a measure of distance among the members and a second one based on measured data, which minimizes the mean square error (MSE) of the average of all possible model combinations. These techniques are applied to a 24-member ensemble, created by varying the boundary layer parameterizations in the meteorological WRF Model and dispersion Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) simulating six releases of the Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX). Applying the first technique produced results statistically comparable to the full ensemble for four out of six releases, while the second technique shows a similar or superior performance for all cases. Furthermore, to mimic a forecast application, the first day of the tracer release is used to select the ensemble members and the subsequent days are utilized as a forecast proxy to evaluate their performance. The reduced ensembles chosen by applying the technique based on the minimization of the MSE statistically perform similarly to or better than the full ensemble for the forecasting time periods. This suggests that when observational data are available, the application of ensemble reduction techniques provides a potentially promising tool for improving the dispersion forecast. C1 [Stein, A. F.; Ngan, F.; Draxler, R. R.; Chai, T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ngan, F.; Chai, T.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD USA. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, Rm 4211,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 FU U.S. Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 639 EP 655 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00153.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300007 ER PT J AU Elmore, KL Grams, HM Apps, D Reeves, HD AF Elmore, Kimberly L. Grams, Heather M. Apps, Deanna Reeves, Heather D. TI Verifying Forecast Precipitation Type with mPING* SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; FREEZING-RAIN; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; STORMS; MODEL AB In winter weather, precipitation type is a pivotal characteristic because it determines the nature of most preparations that need to be made. Decisions about how to protect critical infrastructure, such as power lines and transportation systems, and optimize how best to get aid to people are all fundamentally precipitation-type dependent. However, current understanding of the microphysical processes that govern precipitation type and how they interplay with physics-based numerical forecast models is incomplete, degrading precipitation-type forecasts, but by how much? This work demonstrates the utility of crowd-sourced surface observations of precipitation type from the Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project in estimating the skill of numerical model precipitation-type forecasts and, as an extension, assessing the current model performance regarding precipitation type in areas that are otherwise without surface observations. In general, forecast precipitation type is biased high for snow and rain and biased low for freezing rain and ice pellets. For both the North American Mesoscale Forecast System and Global Forecast System models, Gilbert skill scores are between 0.4 and 0.5 and from 0.35 to 0.45 for the Rapid Refresh model, depending on lead time. Peirce skill scores for individual precipitation types are 0.7-0.8 for both rain and snow, 0.2-0.4 for freezing rain and freezing rain, and 0.25 or less for ice pellets. The Rapid Refresh model displays somewhat lower scores except for ice pellets, which are severely underforecast, compared to the other models. C1 [Elmore, Kimberly L.; Grams, Heather M.; Reeves, Heather D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Elmore, Kimberly L.; Grams, Heather M.; Reeves, Heather D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Apps, Deanna] SUNY Coll Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. [Apps, Deanna] Natl Weather Ctr Res Experiences Undergrad Progra, Norman, OK USA. RP Elmore, KL (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kim.elmore@noaa.gov FU NEXRAD Product Improvement Program; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahom, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Three anonymous reviewers provided excellent suggestions that improved the presentation and clarity of these results. This work was supported by the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program, by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Funding was provided by NOAA/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, the U.S. DOC, or the University of Oklahoma. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 656 EP 667 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00068.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300008 ER PT J AU Brennan, MJ Kleist, DT Howard, K Majumdar, SJ AF Brennan, Michael J. Kleist, Daryl T. Howard, Kate Majumdar, Sharanya J. TI The Impact of Supplemental Dropwindsonde Data on the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Storm Karen (2013) in the NCEP Global Forecast System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION AB The impact of assimilating synoptic surveillance dropwindsonde data on the analysis and forecast of the structure and intensity of Tropical Storm Karen (2013) was examined. Data-denial experiments were conducted using the NCEP hybrid 3D ensemble-variational GSI and forecasts were made using the NCEP GFS model. The assimilation of dropwindsonde data resulted in a slightly more tilted tropical cyclone vortex, stronger vertical wind shear, and more upper-tropospheric dry air west of Karen in the initial conditions. These differences grew with time in the GFS forecasts, and resulted in a weaker and more sheared vortex by 24 h in the forecast that included the dropwindsonde data. After 24 h, the cyclone reintensified in the experiment where dropwindsonde data were excluded, likely because of moist processes in a favorable region for synoptic-scale ascent ahead of a baroclinic trough. In contrast, the forecast including the dropwindsonde data kept Karen weak and also did a better job forecasting the structure and track of Karen. These results suggest that differences in the analysis and short-term evolution of Karen and the environment due to the dropwindsonde data played a role in the longer-term structure and intensity of the cyclone, including the distribution and magnitude of associated diabatic heating. These results strongly suggest that a systematic study be undertaken to examine the impact of these data on tropical cyclone structure and intensity, since previous work has focused largely on the impact on track. C1 [Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Kleist, Daryl T.; Howard, Kate] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Brennan, MJ (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM michael.j.brennan@noaa.gov RI Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 683 EP 691 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0002.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300010 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. TI After a Decade Are Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Gale Force Wind Radii Forecasts Now Skillful? SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENTS; SYSTEM AB The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has a long history of forecasting the radial extent of gale force or 34-knot (kt; where 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) winds for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. These are referred to collectively as gale force wind radii forecasts. These forecasts are generated as part of the 6-hourly advisory messages made available to the public. In 2004, NHC began a routine of postanalysis or "best tracking" of gale force wind radii that continues to this day. At approximately the same time, a statistical wind radii forecast, based solely on climatology and persistence, was implemented so that NHC all-wind radii forecasts could be evaluated for skill. This statistical wind radii baseline forecast is also currently used in several applications as a substitute for or to augment NHC wind radii forecasts. This investigation examines the performance of NHC gale force wind radii forecasts in the North Atlantic over the last decade. Results presented within indicate that NHC's gale force wind radii forecasts have increased in skill relative to the best tracks by several measures, and now significantly outperform statistical wind radii baseline forecasts. These results indicate that it may be time to reinvestigate whether applications that depend on wind radii forecast information can be improved through better use of NHC wind radii forecast information. C1 [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at the National Hurricane Center for their diligence in 10 years of best tracking the wind radii, and also Ann Schrader and Mike Frost for helping to make that process a bit easier. We also acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for funding efforts to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. We thank Jack Dostalek and Kate Musgrave of CIRA and James Franklin of NHC for comments on the initial manuscript. Further improvements were also inspired by comments from the two anonymous reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 702 EP 709 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00149.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300012 ER PT J AU Goldenberg, SB Gopalakrishnan, SG Tallapragada, V Quirino, T Marks, F Trahan, S Zhang, XJ Atlas, R AF Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Tallapragada, Vijay Quirino, Thiago Marks, Frank, Jr. Trahan, Samuel Zhang, Xuejin Atlas, Robert TI The 2012 Triply Nested, High-Resolution Operational Version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF): Track and Intensity Forecast Verifications SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC BASIN; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SCHEME; INITIALIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) was operationally implemented with a 27-km outer domain and a 9-km moving nest in 2007 (H007) as a tropical cyclone forecast model for the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific hurricane basins. During the 2012 hurricane season, a modified version of HWRF (H212), which increased horizontal resolution by adding a third (3 km) nest within the 9-km nest, replaced H007. H212 thus became the first operational model running at convection-permitting resolution. In addition, there were modifications to the initialization, model physics, tracking algorithm, etc. This paper compares H212 hindcast forecasts for the 2010-11 Atlantic hurricane seasons with forecasts from H007 and H3GP, a triply nested research version of HWRF. H212 reduced track forecast errors for almost all forecast times versus H007 and H3GP. H3GP was superior for intensity forecasts, although H212 showed some improvement over H007. Stratifying the cases by initial vertical wind shear revealed that the main weakness for H212 intensity forecasts was for cases with initially high shear. In these cases, H212 over- and under-intensified storms that were initially stronger and weaker, respectively. These results suggest the primary deficiency negatively impacting H212 intensity forecasts, especially in cases of rapid intensification, was that physics calls were too infrequent for the 3-km inner mesh. Correcting this deficiency along with additional modifications in the 2013 operational version yielded improved track and intensity forecasts. These intensity forecasts were comparable to statistical-dynamical models, showing that dynamical models can contribute to a decrease in operational forecast errors. C1 [Goldenberg, Stanley B.; Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Quirino, Thiago; Marks, Frank, Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay; Trahan, Samuel] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. [Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Goldenberg, SB (reprint author), AOML HRD, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM stanley.goldenberg@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Goldenberg, Stanley/C-5965-2014; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX The authors acknowledge funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project that supported this work. The changes to H3GP to create the new H212 operational version and testing of H212 were primarily developed at the EMC. The authors wish to thank Drs. Rob Rogers, Sim Aberson (HRD), and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews of the manuscript; Gail Derr (AOML) for editorial assistance; Robert Black (HRD) for helpful comments; and James Franklin (NHC) for answering numerous questions along the way regarding verifications. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 710 EP 729 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00098.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300013 ER PT J AU Hsiao, LF Huang, XY Kuo, YH Chen, DS Wang, HL Tsai, CC Yeh, TC Hong, JS Fong, CT Lee, CS AF Hsiao, Ling-Feng Huang, Xiang-Yu Kuo, Ying-Hwa Chen, Der-Song Wang, Hongli Tsai, Chin-Cheng Yeh, Tien-Chiang Hong, Jing-Shan Fong, Chin-Tzu Lee, Cheng-Shang TI Blending of Global and Regional Analyses with a Spatial Filter: Application to Typhoon Prediction over the Western North Pacific Ocean SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MODEL; ASSIMILATION; IMPLEMENTATION; FORECASTS; TAIWAN; SYSTEM; IMPACT; 3DVAR; WRF AB A blending method to merge the NCEP global analysis with the regional analysis from the WRF variational data assimilation system is implemented using a spatial filter for the purpose of initializing the Typhoon WRF (TWRF) Model, which has been in operation at Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau (CWB) since 2010. The blended analysis is weighted toward the NCEP global analysis for scales greater than the cutoff length of 1200 km, and is weighted toward the WRF regional analysis for length below that. TWRF forecast experiments on 19 typhoons from July to October 2013 over the western North Pacific Ocean show that the large-scale analysis from NCEP GFS is superior to that of the regional analysis, which significantly improves the typhoon track forecasts. On the other hand, the regional WRF analysis provides a well-developed typhoon structure and more accurately captures the influence of the Taiwan topography on the typhoon circulation. As a result, the blended analysis takes advantage of the large-scale analysis from the NCEP global analysis and the detailed mesoscale analysis from the regional WRF analysis. In additional to the improved track forecast, the blended analysis also provides more accurate rainfall forecasts for typhoons affecting Taiwan. Because of the improved performance, the blending method has been implemented in the CWB operational TWRF typhoon prediction system. C1 [Hsiao, Ling-Feng; Tsai, Chin-Cheng; Lee, Cheng-Shang] Taiwan Typhoon Flood Res Inst, Natl Appl Res Labs, Taipei 10093, Taiwan. [Huang, Xiang-Yu; Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chen, Der-Song; Yeh, Tien-Chiang; Hong, Jing-Shan; Fong, Chin-Tzu] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wang, Hongli] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, Cheng-Shang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Hsiao, LF (reprint author), Taiwan Typhoon Flood Res Inst, Natl Appl Res Labs, 11F,97,Sec 1,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10093, Taiwan. EM lfhsiao@gmail.com RI Wang, Hongli/C-4579-2012; OI Wang, Hongli/0000-0003-0855-6743; Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172 FU National Science Council of the ROC [NSC99-2625-M-052-003-MY3, NSC101-2625-M-492-002]; American Institute in Taiwan [CWB05-071-119]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1033112]; NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project through the Developmental Testbed Center FX This study was supported by the National Science Council of the ROC under Grants NSC99-2625-M-052-003-MY3 and NSC101-2625-M-492-002, the American Institute in Taiwan under Award CWB05-071-119, and the U.S. National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement AGS-1033112. YHK acknowledges the support of the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project through the Developmental Testbed Center. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 754 EP 770 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00047.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300016 ER PT J AU Huang, J Du, J Qian, WH AF Huang, Jing Du, Jun Qian, Weihong TI A Comparison between a Generalized Beta-Advection Model and a Classical Beta-Advection Model in Predicting and Understanding Unusual Typhoon Tracks in Eastern China Seas SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; STANDARDIZED ANOMALIES; AUSTRALIAN REGION; WEATHER EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; FLOW; INTENSITY; PRECURSORS; FORECASTS; ACCURACY AB A total of 163 tropical cyclones (TCs) occurred in the eastern China seas during 1979-2011 with four types of tracks: left turning, right turning, straight moving, and irregular. The left-turning type is unusual and hard to predict. In this paper, 133 TCs from the first three types have been investigated. A generalized beta-advection model (GBAM) is derived by decomposing a meteorological field into climatic and anomalous components. The ability of the GBAM to predict tracks 1-2 days in advance is compared with three classical beta-advection models (BAMs). For both normal and unusual tracks, the GBAM apparently outperformed the BAMs. The GBAM's ability to predict unusual TC tracks is particularly encouraging, while the BAMs have no ability to predict the left-turning and right-turning TC tracks. The GBAM was also used to understand unusual TC tracks because it can be separated into two forms: a climatic-flow BAM (CBAM) and an anomalous-flow BAM (ABAM). In the CBAM a TC vortex is steered by the large-scale climatic background flow, while in the ABAM, a TC vortex interacts with the surrounding anomalous flows. This decomposition approach can be used to examine the climatic and anomalous flows separately. It is found that neither the climatic nor the anomalous flow alone can explain unusual tracks. Sensitivity experiments show that two anomalous highs as well as a nearby TC played the major roles in the unusual left turn of Typhoon Aere (2004). This study demonstrates that a simple model can work well if key factors are properly included. C1 [Huang, Jing; Qian, Weihong] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Qian, WH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM qianwh@pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375073]; Key Technologies RD Program [201306032]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA0509400] FX The authors wish to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which greatly improved our revised manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375073) and the Key Technologies R&D Program (201306032), as well as the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0509400). Ms. Mary Hart of NCEP is appreciated for improving the readability of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 771 EP 792 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00073.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300017 ER PT J AU Muller, MD Janjic, Z AF Mueller, Mathias D. Janjic, Zavisa TI Verification of the New Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B Grid (NMMB): A View on Global Predictability of Surface Parameters SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A global verification of temperature, dewpoint temperature, and wind speed for the new Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B Grid (NMMB) is computed for a 3-yr period (2010-12) using over 9000 weather stations. The raw model forecasts, as well as bias-removed MOS forecasts, are analyzed and compared to NOAA's operational GFS. In comparison to the GFS, the NMMB forecasts of temperature, dewpoint temperature, and wind speed are about 10% better, even though the NMMB is run at much coarser resolution and does not yet have its own data assimilation system. However, as a result of several changes in the GFS during the 3-yr period, the MOS computations for GFS are not optimal. Using unbiased MOS forecasts, the global distribution of spatial predictability can be analyzed. Clear spatial patterns emerge, which are partly dependent on the variable. For temperature, the best forecasts can be made for small islands and coastlines, and a clear gradient of decreasing skill with increasing distance from the sea is visible on the continents. For wind speed, this pattern is almost reversed. Dewpoint temperature shows the largest patterns, mainly controlled by the humidity of the climate. Combining temperature, wind speed, and dewpoint temperature in a gross predictability index reveals a clear large-scale pattern. Remarkably, smaller-scale features like mountain ranges are not readily apparent in the bias-free predictability pattern, indicating that the spatial pattern of the gross predictability is controlled at the very large scales. C1 [Mueller, Mathias D.] Univ Basel, Inst Meteorol Climatol & Remote Sensing, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Janjic, Zavisa] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Muller, MD (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Meteorol Climatol & Remote Sensing, Dept Environm Sci, Klingelbergstr 27, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM mathias.mueller@unibas.ch NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 30 IS 3 BP 827 EP 840 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00049.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CJ7FG UT WOS:000355659300020 ER PT J AU Tomaszewicz, CNT Seminoff, JA Avens, L Goshe, LR Peckham, SH Rguez-Baron, JM Bickerman, K Kurle, CM AF Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Avens, Larisa Goshe, Lisa R. Peckham, S. Hoyt Rguez-Baron, Juan M. Bickerman, Kalyn Kurle, Carolyn M. TI Age and residency duration of loggerhead turtles at a North Pacific bycatch hotspot using skeletochronology SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Demography; Survivorship; Sink habitat; Sea turtle; Age-at-maturation ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; ANNUAL SKELETAL MARKS; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; PELAGIC HABITAT; GREEN TURTLES; GROWTH; CONSERVATION AB For migratory marine animals, like sea turtles, effective conservation can be challenging because key demographic information such as duration of life stages and exposure to spatially explicit threats in different habitats are often unknown. In the eastern Pacific near the Baja California Peninsula (BCP), Mexico, tens of thousands of endangered North Pacific loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) concentrate at a foraging area known to have high rates of fishery bycatch. Because stage survivorship of loggerheads in the BCP will vary significantly depending on the number of years spent in this region, we applied skeletochronology to empirically estimate residency duration in this loggerhead hotspot. The observed age distribution obtained from skeletochronology analysis of 146 dead-stranded loggerheads ranged from three to 24 years old, suggesting a BCP residency of >20 years. Given the maximum estimated age and a one-year migration to western Pacific nesting beaches, we infer age-at-maturation for BCP loggerheads at 25 years old. We also examine survivorship at varying BCP residency durations by applying our findings to current annual mortality estimates. Predicted survivorship of loggerheads spending over 20 years in this BCP foraging habitat is less than 10%, and given that 43,000 loggerhead turtles forage here, a significant number of turtles are at extreme risk in this region. This is the first empirical evidence supporting estimated age-at-maturation for BCP North Pacific loggerheads, and the first estimates of BCP stage survivorship. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for continued and effective international conservation efforts to minimize bycatch of this endangered species. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Avens, Larisa; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Peckham, S. Hoyt] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Pacific Grove, CA 93940 USA. [Rguez-Baron, Juan M.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Marine Biol, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Bickerman, Kalyn] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Tomaszewicz, CNT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cturnert@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; University of California San Diego (UCSD); NIH [T32 GM007240]; Jeanne Messier Memorial Fellowship; ARCS Foundation Scholarship; Hearts de Vite Research Grant; US Fish & Wildlife Service; NMFS-SWFSC; Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NOAA) [FNA05NMF4411092]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We acknowledge the many partners in Mexico for multiple years worth of sample collection and permitting by members of Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias and Proyecto Caguama, especially Victor and Vladimir de la Toba and Jesus Lucero. We also thank Erin LaCasella, Robin LeRoux, Joel Schumacher, Camryn Allen, and Matt Leslie for assistance with sample permitting, processing and publication prep, as well as Kerri Danil, Nicky Beaulieu, Michelle McCartha, Anji Shakya, Emily Chou, and Rosario Marroquin Flores for assistance in the lab. This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries, and C.T.T. was supported by the University of California San Diego (UCSD), NIH T32 GM007240 Cell and Molecular Genetics Training Program, Jeanne Messier Memorial Fellowship, ARCS Foundation Scholarship, and a Hearts de Vite Research Grant. The shoreline stranding survey at Playa San Lazaro was funded from 2003 to 2011 with support from the US Fish & Wildlife Service, NMFS-SWFSC, Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NOAA Grant FNA05NMF4411092), the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Fieldwork and sample processing by Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias was also supported by C. & H. Shea, B. & S. Turner, D. & C. Yohn, T. & N. Tomaszewicz, M. Tomaszewicz, T. Dunbar, J. & E. Paisley, K. & E. Roeland, S. Baird, F. & D. O'Cathain, S. Bakeman, H. & M. Diller, and C. Kopp. All research activities and permits were authorized by the Mexican government through SEMARNAP and SEMARNAT permits 150496-213-03, 280597-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03, 280700-213-03, SGPA/DGVS/002 4661, SGPA/DGVS/10358, SGPA/ DGVS/03501/06, SGPA/DGVS/03406/07, SGPA/DGVS/03481/09, SGPA/DGVS/04990/10, and SGPA/DGVS/04568/11. All exported and imported CITES regulated samples were authorized by the Mexican government through export permit numbers MX-58124 and MX-64301, and the United States government through import permit numbers 11US844694/9 and 12US844694/9. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 186 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.015 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI8ZX UT WOS:000355061300016 PM 25848136 ER PT J AU Ceylan, D Tuna, G Kirkali, G Tunca, Z Dizdaroglu, M Can, G Arat, E Ozerdem, A AF Ceylan, D. Tuna, G. Kirkali, G. Tunca, Z. Dizdaroglu, M. Can, G. Arat, E. Ozerdem, A. TI Oxidative DNA guanine base damage and base excision repair (BER) in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder SO BIPOLAR DISORDERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ceylan, D.] Gumushane State Hosp, Psychiat, Gumushane, Turkey. [Tuna, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. [Kirkali, G.; Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tunca, Z.; Can, G.; Arat, E.; Ozerdem, A.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey. RI ceylan, deniz/E-9415-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1398-5647 EI 1399-5618 J9 BIPOLAR DISORD JI Bipolar Disord. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 17 SU 1 SI SI BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA CJ2TS UT WOS:000355338100277 ER PT J AU Wischniowski, SG Kastelle, CR Loher, T Helser, TE AF Wischniowski, Stephen G. Kastelle, Craig R. Loher, Timothy Helser, Thomas E. TI Incorporation of bomb-produced C-14 into fish otoliths. An example of basin-specific rates from the North Pacific Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; AGE VALIDATION; TIME-SERIES; PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY; QUALITY-CONTROL; AGING ERRORS; LEAD-RADIUM; ICE-EDGE; RADIOCARBON AB Sagittal otoliths from juvenile Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) of known age were used to create a bomb-produced radiocarbon reference chronology for the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) by fitting a coupled-function model to Delta C-14 values from each specimen's birth year. The newly created EBS reference chronology was then compared with a reference chronology previously created for Pacific halibut from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Adult Pacific halibut age-validation samples from the EBS were also analyzed for C-14 and modeled to validate age-estimation accuracy. A Bayesian model was developed and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate model parameters and adult Pacific halibut ageing bias. Differences in reference chronologies between ocean basins were reflected in a large deviance information criterion (Delta DIC) between models, supporting the hypothesis that two separate coupled-function models were required to adequately describe the data, one each for the EBS and GOA. We determined that regionally specific GOA and EBS oceanography plays a considerable role in the Delta C-14 values and must be taken into consideration when selecting a reference chronology for bomb-produced C-14 age-validation studies. The age-validation samples indicated that the current ageing methodology used in Pacific halibut assessments is accurate and has provided accurate age assignments for Pacific halibut in the EBS. C1 [Wischniowski, Stephen G.; Loher, Timothy] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Kastelle, Craig R.; Helser, Thomas E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wischniowski, SG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sclerochronol Lab, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM stephen.wischniowski@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 72 IS 6 BP 879 EP 892 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0225 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CJ1NW UT WOS:000355251400008 ER PT J AU See, KE Holmes, EE AF See, Kevin E. Holmes, Elizabeth E. TI Reducing bias and improving precision in species extinction forecasts SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE measurement error; monitoring design; population viability analysis; process error; PVA; quasi-extinction risk; repeated measures; sampling design; state-space model ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; TIME-SERIES DATA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; OBSERVATION ERROR; PROCESS NOISE; DYNAMICS; RISK; GROWTH; PARAMETERS AB Forecasting the risk of population decline is crucial in the realm of biological conservation and figures prominently in population viability analyses (PVA). A common form of available data for a PVA is population counts through time. Previous research has suggested that improving estimates of population trends and risk from count data depends on longer observation periods, but that is often impractical or undesirable. Making multiple observations within a single time step is an alternative way to gather more data without extending the observation period. In this paper, we examine the trade-off between the length of the time period over which observations of the population have been taken and the total number of observations or samples that have been recorded through an analysis of simulated data. We found that when the ratio of process error to measurement error variance is high, more precise estimates of quasi-extinction risks can be obtained if replicated observations are taken at each time step, but when the ratio is low, replicated observations add little benefit in improving precision. These results can be used to efficiently design effective monitoring schemes for species of conservation concern. C1 [See, Kevin E.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [See, Kevin E.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP See, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kevin@qcinc.org FU Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington [NA08OAR4170761, E/I-1] FX The authors would like to thank Jennifer Ruesink, Andre Punt, Ray Hilborn, and Eric Ward for their valuable ideas, reviews and input. We would also like to thank Kevin Gross and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This research was funded in part by a grant from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA08OAR4170761, Project E/I-15. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1157 EP 1165 DI 10.1890/14-2003.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CJ0TT UT WOS:000355191900021 PM 26465049 ER PT J AU Sun, BM Free, M Yoo, HL Foster, MJ Heidinger, A Karlsson, KG AF Sun, Bomin Free, Melissa Yoo, Hye Lim Foster, Michael J. Heidinger, Andrew Karlsson, Karl-Goran TI Variability and Trends in U.S. Cloud Cover: ISCCP, PATMOS-x, and CLARA-A1 Compared to Homogeneity-Adjusted Weather Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; CONTEMPORARY CHANGES; RADIATION; CYCLE; LAND AB Variability and trends in total cloud cover for 1982-2009 across the contiguous United States from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x), and EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring Clouds, Albedo and Radiation from AVHRR Data Edition 1 (CLARA-A1) satellite datasets are assessed using homogeneity-adjusted weather station data. The station data, considered as "ground truth" in the evaluation, are generally well correlated with the ISCCP and PATMOS-x data and with the physically related variables diurnal temperature range, precipitation, and surface solar radiation. Among the satellite products, overall, the PATMOS-x data have the highest interannual correlations with the weather station cloud data and those other physically related variables. The CLARA-A1 daytime dataset generally shows the lowest correlations, even after trends are removed. For the U.S. mean, the station dataset shows a negative but not statistically significant trend of -0.40% decade(-1), and satellite products show larger downward trends ranging from -0.55% to -5.00% decade(-1) for 1984-2007. PATMOS-x 1330 local time trends for U.S. mean cloud cover are closest to those in the station data, followed by the PATMOS-x diurnally corrected dataset and ISCCP, with CLARA-A1 having a large negative trend contrasting strongly with the station data. These results tend to validate the usefulness of weather station cloud data for monitoring changes in cloud cover, and they show that the long-term stability of satellite cloud datasets can be assessed by comparison to homogeneity-adjusted station data and other physically related variables. C1 [Sun, Bomin] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Free, Melissa; Yoo, Hye Lim] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Yoo, Hye Lim] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Foster, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Karlsson, Karl-Goran] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Sun, BM (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Suite 3000, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank William Brown at NCDC for providing U.S. weather station cloud data and Pasha Groisman at NCDC for providing daily precipitation data, and Hyun Kim for GEWEX ISCCP and PATMOS-x data access and processing. Dian Seidel is acknowledged for helpful comments. The GEWEX Cloud Assessment data were obtained fromthe ClimServ Data Center of IPSL/CNRS, and the CLARA-A1 dataset from the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring website (www.cmsaf.eu). This work was funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 11 BP 4373 EP 4389 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00805.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI9YE UT WOS:000355125900004 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, L Vecchi, GA Msadek, R Wittenberg, A Delworth, TL Zeng, FR AF Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Vecchi, Gabriel A. Msadek, Rym Wittenberg, Andrew Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong TI The Seasonality of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet and ENSO Relationship SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE MODEL; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; ATLANTIC; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION AB This study investigates the seasonality of the relationship between the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) and the Pacific Ocean from spring to summer, using observational analysis and coupled model experiments. The observed GPLLJ and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relation undergoes seasonal changes with a stronger GPLLJ associated with La Nina in boreal spring and El Nino in boreal summer. The ability of the GFDL Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) global coupled climate model, which has the high-resolution atmospheric and land components, to simulate the observed seasonality in the GPLLJ-ENSO relationship is assessed. The importance of simulating the magnitude and phase locking of ENSO accurately in order to better simulate its seasonal teleconnections with the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS) is demonstrated. This study explores the mechanisms for seasonal changes in the GPLLJ-ENSO relation in model and observations. It is hypothesized that ENSO affects the GPLLJ variability through the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) during the summer and spring seasons. These results suggest that climate models with improved ENSO variability would advance our ability to simulate and predict seasonal variations of the GPLLJ and their associated impacts on the United States. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Msadek, Rym; Wittenberg, Andrew; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Msadek, Rym] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, UCAR, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lakshmi.krishnamurthy@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi/L-7440-2015; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; FU MAPP Intra-Americas Sea proposal - NOAA Climate Program Office FX We thank Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Liping Zhang, and Vaishali Naik for helpful comments on the manuscript; Sarah Kapnick for suggestions on the schematic figure; and Seth Underwood for technical help with the model runs. We also thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work is supported by MAPP Intra-Americas Sea proposal funded by NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 28 IS 11 BP 4525 EP 4544 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00590.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI9YE UT WOS:000355125900012 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Park, WS Baringer, MO Gordon, AL Huber, B Liu, YY AF Lee, Sang-Ki Park, Wonsun Baringer, Molly O. Gordon, Arnold L. Huber, Bruce Liu, Yanyun TI Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; VARIABILITY; INTENSIFICATION; CLIMATE AB Global mean surface warming has stalled since the end of the twentieth century(1,2), but the net radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere continues to suggest an increasingly warming planet. This apparent contradiction has been reconciled by an anomalous heat flux into the ocean(3-8), induced by a shift towards a La Nina-like state with cold sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific over the past decade or so. A significant portion of the heat missing from the atmosphere is therefore expected to be stored in the Pacific Ocean. However, in situ hydrographic records indicate that Pacific Ocean heat content has been decreasing(9). Here, we analyse observations along with simulations from a global ocean-sea ice model to track the pathway of heat. We find that the enhanced heat uptake by the Pacific Ocean has been compensated by an increased heat transport from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, carried by the Indonesian throughflow. As a result, Indian Ocean heat content has increased abruptly, which accounts for more than 70% of the global ocean heat gain in the upper 700 m during the past decade. We conclude that the Indian Ocean has become increasingly important in modulating global climate variability. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Liu, Yanyun] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Baringer, Molly O.; Liu, Yanyun] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Park, Wonsun] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Gordon, Arnold L.; Huber, Bruce] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Park, Wonsun/J-8097-2012; Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Park, Wonsun/0000-0002-6345-8428; Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU NOAA AOML; NOAA Climate Program Office; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; CICAR award from NOAA [NA08OAR4320754] FX This work was supported by the base funding of the NOAA AOML, and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. S-K.L. acknowledges constructive comments from G. Foltz and the editorial assistance of G. Derr, L. Johns and S. Jones. W.P. acknowledges support from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. A. L. G. and B.H. acknowledge funding for the Makassar Strait through flow time series provided under CICAR award number NA08OAR4320754 from NOAA. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution number 7888. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 BP 445 EP U41 DI 10.1038/NGEO2438 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CJ1IE UT WOS:000355236500015 ER PT J AU Shabanov, N Vargas, M Miura, T Sei, A Danial, A AF Shabanov, N. Vargas, M. Miura, T. Sei, A. Danial, A. TI Evaluation of the performance of Suomi NPP VIIRS top of canopy vegetation indices over AERONET sites SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; Vegetation indices; AERONET; Match-up; Clouds; Aerosol; Snow ID LAND-COVER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; SCALE; REFLECTANCE AB The Suomi NPP VIIRS Vegetation Index (VI) Environment Data Record (EDR) includes the Top Of the Atmosphere Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (TOA NDVI) and the Top Of the Canopy Enhanced Vegetation Index (TOC EVI). TOC NDVI will be included in the VI EDR suite for the upcoming JPSS-1 and JPSS-2 missions. Currently, the VIIRS VI suite is undergoing extensive Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) activities to quantify product performance and to provide guidance for algorithm improvement In this study we utilized AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) based Surface Reflectance (SR) match-up data sets. Match-ups are pairs of VIIRS SR and SR derived from atmospheric correction of VIIRS TOA reflectances using AERONET ground measurements (aerosol and water vapor parameters) and ancillary data. Atmospheric correction is performed with the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative transfer code, the same code used in the operational VIIRS atmospheric correction. Daily time series January 1, 2013-March 31, 2014 of 101 x 101 pixel window match-up subsets at 375 m VIIRS Imagery resolution, centered at the selected AERONET site locations were used. The overall objective of the study was to characterize the performance of the VIIRS TOC VIs (TOC EVI and TOC NDVI) over AERONET sites as a function of accuracy of inputs of atmospheric correction algorithm (aerosol, water vapor and others) and quality control screening (cloud and snow masks). We performed three types of analyses: (I) analysis of overall performance of VI product over all sites, (2) analysis of time series over select sites representative of vegetation types, and (3) sensitivity analysis of VI to cloud, aerosols and snow contamination. Over the period of time series average Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty statistics were 0.009, 0.035, and 0.038, respectively, for TOC NDVI and -0.004, 0.015, and 0.016, respectively, for TOC EVI. Those statistics were derived based on screening to retain only confidently clear, snow free, non-urban pixels. The reason for the substantial difference in the performance of VIs is a different sensitivity of VIs to residual atmospheric contamination. According to our study VIIRS cloud mask performed reasonably. However, Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) was substantially overestimated in the vicinity of clouds, which resulted in overcorrection of VIIRS visible channels and ultimately overestimation of TOC NDVI. TOC EVI, on the other hand, remained largely unaffected, as an atmospherically resistant index. TOC EVI was also found to be less sensitive to residual snow contamination. Results of this study indicate the need to develop VI-specific quality control, which effectively screens data based on index sensitivity to atmospheric contamination. Monitoring VIIRS VIs over AERONET sites has been automated with a web-based STAR JPSS VI Monitor. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shabanov, N.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Vargas, M.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Miura, T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sei, A.; Danial, A.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Shabanov, N (reprint author), Univ Res Court, NCWCP, NOAA, NESDIS,STAR, Suite 2668, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM nikolay.shabanov@noaa.gov RI Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010 OI Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278 FU NOAA JPSS Office [DG133E-12-CQ-0021]; JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program FX This work has been supported by the NOAA JPSS Office (DG133E-12-CQ-0021) and the JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 162 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.004 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CI8WI UT WOS:000355052000003 ER PT J AU Dong, JW Xiao, XM Wagle, P Zhang, GL Zhou, YT Jin, C Torn, MS Meyers, TP Suyker, AE Wang, JB Yan, HM Biradar, C Moore, B AF Dong, Jinwei Xiao, Xiangming Wagle, Pradeep Zhang, Geli Zhou, Yuting Jin, Cui Torn, Margaret S. Meyers, Tilden P. Suyker, Andrew E. Wang, Junbang Yan, Huimin Biradar, Chandrashekhar Moore, Berrien, III TI Comparison of four EVI-based models for estimating gross primary production of maize and soybean croplands and tallgrass prairie under severe drought SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Gross primary production (GPP); Drought; Light use efficiency (LUE); Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM); Temperature and Greenness (TG) model; Greenness and Radiation (GR) model; Vegetation Index (VI) model ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF FOREST; DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; MODIS IMAGERY; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; REMOTE ESTIMATION; HARVARD FOREST AB Accurate estimation of gross primary production (GPP) is critical for understanding ecosystem response to climate variability and change. Satellite-based diagnostic models, which use satellite images and/or climate data as input, are widely used to estimate GPP. Many models used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to estimate the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by vegetation canopy (FPAR(canopy)) and GPP. Recently, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) has been increasingly used to estimate the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll (FPAR(chl)) or green leaves (FPAR(green)) and to provide more accurate estimates of GPP in such models as the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), Temperature and Greenness (TG) model, Greenness and Radiation (GR) model, and Vegetation Index (VI) model. Although these EVI-based models perform well under non-drought conditions, their performances under severe droughts are unclear. In this study, we run the four EVI-based models at three AmeriFlux sites (rainfed soybean, irrigated maize, and grassland) during drought and non-drought years to examine their sensitivities to drought. As all the four models use EVI for FPAR estimate, our hypothesis is that their different sensitivities to drought are mainly attributed to the ways they handle light use efficiency CLUE), especially water stress. The predicted GPP from these four models had a good agreement with the GPP estimated from eddy flux tower in non-drought years with root mean squared errors (RMSEs) in the order of 2.17 (VPM), 2.47 (VI), 2.85 (GR) and 3.10 g C m(-2) day(-1) (TG). But their performances differed in drought years, the VPM model performed best, followed by the VI, GR and TG, with the RMSEs of 1.61, 232, 3.16 and 3.90 g C m(-2) day-1 respectively. TG and GR models overestimated seasonal sum of GPP by 20% to 61% in rainfed sites in drought years and also overestimated or underestimated GPP in the irrigated site. This difference in model performance under severe drought is attributed to the fact that the VPM uses satellite-based Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to address the effect of water stress (deficit) on LUE and GPP, while the other three models do not have such a mechanism. This study suggests that it is essential for these models to consider the effect of water stress on GPP, in addition to using EVI to estimate FPAR, if these models are applied to estimate GPP under drought conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, Jinwei; Xiao, Xiangming; Wagle, Pradeep; Zhang, Geli; Zhou, Yuting; Jin, Cui] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Dong, Jinwei; Xiao, Xiangming; Wagle, Pradeep; Zhang, Geli; Zhou, Yuting; Jin, Cui] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xiao, Xiangming] Fudan Univ, Inst Biodivers Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wang, Junbang; Yan, Huimin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Biradar, Chandrashekhar] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Consultat Grp Int Agr Res, Amman 11195, Jordan. [Moore, Berrien, III] Univ Oklahoma, Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Dong, JW (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Jinwei.dong@ou.edu; xiangming.xiao@ou.edu RI Dong, Jinwei/C-4949-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Zhang, Geli/O-2641-2013; OI Dong, Jinwei/0000-0001-5687-803X; Wagle, Pradeep/0000-0001-7444-0461 FU USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA)'s Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), Regional Approaches for Adaptation to and Mitigation of Climate Variability and Change [2012-02355]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR [IIA-1301789]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-00ER62996, DE-FG02-03ER63639, DE-EE0003149]; DOE-EPSCoR [DE-FG02-00ER45827]; NASA NACP [NNX08AI75G] FX This study was supported in part by a research grant (Project No. 2012-02355) through the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA)'s Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), Regional Approaches for Adaptation to and Mitigation of Climate Variability and Change, and a research grant from the National Science Foundation EPSCoR (IIA-1301789). The studied AmeriFlux sites were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (Grants No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG03-00ER62996, DE-FG02-03ER63639, and DE-EE0003149), DOE-EPSCoR (Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER45827), and NASA NACP (Grant No. NNX08AI75G). We thank Drs. Qingyuan Zhang, Jianyang Xia, Mr. Yao Zhang and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on the previous version of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 162 BP 154 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.022 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CI8WI UT WOS:000355052000012 ER PT J AU Wu, ST Dryer, M AF Wu, Shi Tsan Dryer, Murray TI Comparative analyses of current three-dimensional numerical solar wind models SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE space weather; solar wind models; comparative analyses ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TIME CONSERVATION ELEMENT; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; WHOLE SUN MONTH; CESE MHD MODEL; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; HEXAHEDRAL MESHES; INNER HELIOSPHERE; EULER EQUATIONS AB We present a comparative study of the most advanced three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation models of solar wind. These models can be classified into two categories: (I) theoretical, empirical and numerically based models and (II) self-consistent multi-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. The models of Category I are used to separately describe the solar wind solution in two plasma flows regions: transonic/trans-Alfv,nic and supersonic/super-Alfv,nic, respectively. Models of Category II construct a complete, single, numerical solar wind solution through subsonic/sub-Alfv,nic region into supersonic/super-Alfv,nic region. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)/ENLIL in CISM is the most successful space weather model that belongs to Category I, and the Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme (BATS-R-US) code in SWMF (Space Weather Modeling Framework) and the solar-interplanetary conservative element solution element MHD (SIP-CESE MHD) model in SWIM (Space Weather Integrated Model) are the most commonly-used models that belong to Category II. We review the structures of their frameworks, the main results for solar wind background studies that are essential for solar transient event studies, and discuss the common features and differences between these two categories of solar wind models. Finally, we conclude that the transition of these two categories of models to operational use depends on the availability of computational resources at reasonable cost and point out that the models' prediction capabilities may be improved by employing finer computational grids, incorporating more observational data and by adding more physical constraints to the models. C1 [Wu, Shi Tsan] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wus@uah.edu FU National Science Foundation of USA [AGS 1153323] FX Work done by Shi Tsan WU was supported by National Science Foundation of USA (Grant No. AGS 1153323). The authors thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 111 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7313 EI 1869-1897 J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI JI Sci. China-Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 839 EP 858 DI 10.1007/s11430-015-5062-1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CI6VN UT WOS:000354901900001 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Pitkanen, L AF Striegel, Andre M. Pitkaenen, Leena TI Detection Orthogonality in Macromolecular Separations: Role of the On-Line Viscometer in Characterizing Polymers at Conditions of "Spectroscopic Invisibility" SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE Viscometry; Light scattering; Refractometry; Spectroscopic invisibility; Detection orthogonality; Size-exclusion chromatography ID SEC; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE AB Much has been written over the last two decades about the advantages of separation orthogonality for the characterization of complex polymers and blends, and of the additive and synergistic benefits of combining various physical and chemical detection methods in the determination of molar mass, chemical heterogeneity, dilute solution conformation, etc. Less attention has been paid to the complementarity of detection methods that are truly orthogonal to each other with respect to a given property. A common, yet particularly different type of macromolecular liquid chromatography detector is the on-line viscometer, as its measurement principle is based on hydrodynamic transport properties, thus separating it from the large variety of spectroscopically based detectors. Here, we explore how the on-line viscometer can provide insights into the size-exclusion chromatographic analysis of individual homopolymer samples and of blends, even in cases where no response is observed with commonly employed detectors such as on-line refractometry and static and quasi-elastic light scattering, i.e., when analyses are conducted at conditions of "spectroscopic invisibility". C1 [Striegel, Andre M.; Pitkaenen, Leena] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov FU Finnish Cultural Foundation through the Foundations' Post Doc Pool FX The authors are extremely grateful to Daniela Held (PSS Polymer Standards Service) for sharing her expertise and preliminary data with us. The Finnish Cultural Foundation is gratefully acknowledged for funding of L.P. through the Foundations' Post Doc Pool. Commercial products are identified to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 EI 1612-1112 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JUN PY 2015 VL 78 IS 11-12 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10337-015-2898-7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CI6WI UT WOS:000354904100001 ER PT J AU Music, B Frigon, A Lofgren, B Turcotte, R Cyr, JF AF Music, Biljana Frigon, Anne Lofgren, Brent Turcotte, Richard Cyr, Jean-Francois TI Present and future Laurentian Great Lakes hydroclimatic conditions as simulated by regional climate models with an emphasis on Lake Michigan-Huron SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CANADIAN RCM; IMPACTS; BASIN; SENSITIVITY; SCENARIOS; RUNOFF AB Regional climate modelling represents an appealing approach to projecting Great Lakes water supplies under a changing climate. In this study, we investigate the response of the Great Lakes Basin to increasing greenhouse gas and aerosols emissions using an ensemble of sixteen climate change simulations generated by three different Regional Climate Models (RCMs): CRCM4, HadRM3 and WRFG. Annual and monthly means of simulated hydro-meteorological variables that affect Great Lakes levels are first compared to observation-based estimates. The climate change signal is then assessed by computing differences between simulated future (2041-2070) and present (1971-1999) climates. Finally, an analysis of the annual minima and maxima of the Net Basin Supply (NBS), derived from the simulated NBS components, is conducted using Generalized Extreme Value distribution. Results reveal notable model differences in simulated water budget components throughout the year, especially for the lake evaporation component. These differences are reflected in the resulting NBS. Although uncertainties in observation-based estimates are quite large, our analysis indicates that all three RCMs tend to underestimate NBS in late summer and fall, which is related to biases in simulated runoff, lake evaporation, and over-lake precipitation. The climate change signal derived from the total ensemble mean indicates no change in future mean annual NBS. However, our analysis suggests an amplification of the NBS annual cycle and an intensification of the annual NBS minima in future climate. This emphasizes the need for an adaptive management of water to minimize potential negative implications associated with more severe and frequent NBS minima. C1 [Music, Biljana; Frigon, Anne] Ouranos Consortium Reg Climatol & Adaptat Climate, Montreal, PQ H3A IB9, Canada. [Lofgren, Brent] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Turcotte, Richard; Cyr, Jean-Francois] CEHQ, Quebec City, PQ G1R 5V7, Canada. RP Music, B (reprint author), Ouranos Consortium Reg Climatol & Adaptat Climate, 550 Sherbrooke West,West Tower,19th Floor, Montreal, PQ H3A IB9, Canada. EM music.biljana@ouranos.ca OI Frigon, Anne/0000-0002-3621-214X; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2015 VL 130 IS 4 BP 603 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1348-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI4GD UT WOS:000354705200010 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Stern, H Kovacs, KM Lowry, L Moore, SE Regehr, EV Ferguson, SH Wiig, O Boveng, P Angliss, RP Born, EW Litovka, D Quakenbush, L Lydersen, C Vongraven, D Ugarte, F AF Laidre, Kristin L. Stern, Harry Kovacs, Kit M. Lowry, Lloyd Moore, Sue E. Regehr, Eric V. Ferguson, Steven H. Wiig, Oystein Boveng, Peter Angliss, Robyn P. Born, Erik W. Litovka, Dennis Quakenbush, Lori Lydersen, Christian Vongraven, Dag Ugarte, Fernando TI Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and conservation recommendations for the 21st century SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE circumpolar assessment; climate change; management; subsistence harvest; cambio climatico; caza para la subsistencia; evaluacion circumpolar; manejo ID WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOWHEAD WHALES; POLAR BEARS; RINGED SEAL; FUTURE; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; CANADA; MITIGATION AB Arctic marine mammals (AMMs) are icons of climate change, largely because of their close association with sea ice. However, neither a circumpolar assessment of AMM status nor a standardized metric of sea ice habitat change is available. We summarized available data on abundance and trend for each AMM species and recognized subpopulation. We also examined species diversity, the extent of human use, and temporal trends in sea ice habitat for 12 regions of the Arctic by calculating the dates of spring sea ice retreat and fall sea ice advance from satellite data (1979-2013). Estimates of AMM abundance varied greatly in quality, and few studies were long enough for trend analysis. Of the AMM subpopulations, 78% (61 of 78) are legally harvested for subsistence purposes. Changes in sea ice phenology have been profound. In all regions except the Bering Sea, the duration of the summer (i.e., reduced ice) period increased by 5-10 weeks and by >20 weeks in the Barents Sea between 1979 and 2013. In light of generally poor data, the importance of human use, and forecasted environmental changes in the 21st century, we recommend the following for effective AMM conservation: maintain and improve comanagement by local, federal, and international partners; recognize spatial and temporal variability in AMM subpopulation response to climate change; implement monitoring programs with clear goals; mitigate cumulative impacts of increased human activity; and recognize the limits of current protected species legislation. Estado de las Poblaciones de Mamiferos Marinos del artico, la Perdida del Habitats de Hielo Marino y Recomendaciones de Conservacion para el Siglo XXI Los mamiferos marinos del artico (MMA) son emblemas del cambio climatico, principalmente por su asociacion cercana con el hielo marino. Sin embargo, no se encuentran disponibles ni una evaluacion circumpolar del estado de los MMA ni una medida estandarizada del cambio en el habitat de hielo marino. Resumimos los datos disponibles sobre la abundancia y la tendencia de cada especie de MMA y reconocimos subpoblaciones. Tambien examinamos la diversidad de especies, la extension del uso por parte de los humanos y las tendencias temporales en el habitat de hielo marino para doce regiones del artico al calcular las fechas del retroceso de los hielos en la primavera y de su avance en el otono a partir de datos satelitales (1979-2013). Los estimados de abundancia de MMA variaron enormemente en calidad y pocos estudios fueron lo suficientemente largos como para realizar un analisis de tendencia. De las subpoblaciones de MMA, el 78% (61 de 78) son cazadas legalmente por razones de subsistencia. Los cambios en la fenologia del hielo marino han sido profundos. En todas las regiones, salvo el Mar de Bering, la duracion del periodo de verano (es decir, la reduccion del hielo) incremento por 5-10 semanas y por >20 semanas en el Mar de Barents entre 1979 y 2013. A razon de los datos generalmente pobres, la importancia del uso por parte de los humanos y los cambios ambientales pronosticados para el Siglo XX1, recomendamos lo siguiente para la conservacion efectiva de los MMA: mantener y mejorar el co-manejo por parte de los socios locales, federales e internacionales; reconocer la variabilidad temporal y espacial en la respuesta de las sub-poblaciones de MMA al cambio climatico; implementar el monitoreo de programas con objetivos claros; mitigar los impactos acumulativos del incremento de la actividad humana; y reconocer los limites de la legislacion actual para las especies protegidas. Resumen C1 [Laidre, Kristin L.; Stern, Harry] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian; Vongraven, Dag] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Lowry, Lloyd] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ferguson, Steven H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Wiig, Oystein] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Boveng, Peter; Angliss, Robyn P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Laidre, Kristin L.; Born, Erik W.; Ugarte, Fernando] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Litovka, Dennis] ChukotTINRO, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia. [Quakenbush, Lori] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM klaidre@uw.edu RI Wiig, Oystein/J-8383-2012 OI Wiig, Oystein/0000-0003-0395-5251 FU Danish Ministry of the Environment; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; NASA [NNX13AN28G, NNX11AO63G] FX Thanks to CAFF Arctic Biodiversity Assessment mammal chapter coleaders, D. Reid and D. Berteaux, and authors J. Garlich-Miller, E. Peacock, and M. Simpkins who contributed to that work. K.L.L. was supported by the Danish Ministry of the Environment, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, and, together with H.S., supported by NASA grants NNX13AN28G and NNX11AO63G. J. Estes, M. Robards, and 2 anonymous reviewers provided useful input. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or NOAA. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 67 U2 237 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 724 EP 737 DI 10.1111/cobi.12474 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CI1CD UT WOS:000354477300013 PM 25783745 ER PT J AU Meador, JP AF Meador, James P. TI Tissue concentrations as the dose metric to assess potential toxic effects of metals in field-collected fish: Copper and cadmium SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metals; Tissue residues; Fish; Environmental quality standards ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER FISH; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; RESIDUE APPROACH; COHO SALMON; METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION AB The present study examined the available literature linking whole-body tissue concentrations with toxic effects in fish species for copper and cadmium. The variability in effect concentration for both copper and cadmium among species occurred within an order of magnitude for all responses, whereas the range for lethal toxicity based on water exposure spanned approximately 4 to 5 orders of magnitude. Fish tissue concentrations causing adverse effects were just above background concentrations, occurring between 1g/g and 10g/g for copper and 0.1g/g to 4g/g for cadmium. The results also show that salmonids are especially sensitive to cadmium, which appears to be a function of chemical potency. No studies were found that indicated adverse effects without increases in whole-body concentration of these metals. This narrow range for dose-response implies that a toxicological spillover point occurs when the detoxification capacity of various tissues within the animal are exceeded, and this likely occurs at a similar whole-body concentration for all naively exposed fish species. Elevated whole-body concentrations in fish from the field may be indicative of possible acclimation to metals that may or may not result in effects for target species. Acclimation concentrations may be useful in that they signal excessive metal concentrations in water, sediment, or prey species for a given site and indicate likely toxic effects for species unable to acclimate to excess metal exposure. Using tissue residues as the dose metric for these metals provides another line of evidence for assessing impaired ecosystems and greater confidence that hazard concentrations are protective for all fish species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1309-1319. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.meador@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries base funds FX This research was supported by NOAA Fisheries base funds. The author thanks J.A. Spromberg, P.M. Chapman, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1309 EP 1319 DI 10.1002/etc.2910 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CJ0FY UT WOS:000355152400013 PM 25939475 ER PT J AU Obaza, A Hoffman, R Clausing, R AF Obaza, A. Hoffman, R. Clausing, R. TI Long-term stability of eelgrass fish assemblages in two highly developed coastal estuaries SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eelgrass; estuary; fish assemblage; stability; urbanisation ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DIEL VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; HABITAT UTILIZATION; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; SHALLOW SEAGRASS; NURSERY FUNCTION; ZOSTERA-MARINA; PREDATION RISK; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Changes in fish assemblages were tracked in representative eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) beds within two estuaries on the urbanised coast of southern California, USA, San Diego Bay and Mission Bay, from 1987 to 2010. Assemblages were sampled twice yearly (spring and summer) at day and night using beach seines. Assemblage stability was examined over time along with changes in assemblage structure across time of day and season, including the influence of temporally variable abiotic variables. Only the occasionally occurring fish, those present in <70% of samples, in Mission Bay appeared to be shifting to a new assemblage. Although season and sampling time significantly affected assemblages, correlations with abiotic factors were low. Given the long history of urban development of these estuaries, community shifts may have occurred prior to the onset of sampling, giving the appearance of stability. Alternatively, eelgrass habitat may be providing a refuge from long-term disturbances. C1 [Obaza, A.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Obaza, A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, West Coast Reg Off, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Hoffman, R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Reg Off, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Clausing, R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Obaza, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, West Coast Reg Off, 501 West Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM Adam.Obaza@noaa.gov NR 88 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1111/fme.12119 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CI1GR UT WOS:000354492100004 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Najarro, M Bridge, C Aranda, R AF Sisco, Edward Najarro, Marcela Bridge, Candice Aranda, Roman TI Quantifying the degradation of TNT and RDX in a saline environment with and without UV-exposure SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Explosives; Mass Spectrometry; Saltwater; Degradation ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; PICRIC ACID; EXPLOSIVES; SEAWATER; FATE; SOIL; PHOTOLYSIS; FILMS AB Terrorist attacks in a maritime setting, such as the bombing of the USS Cole in 2000, or the detection of underwater mines, require the development of proper protocols to collect and analyse explosive material from a marine environment. In addition to proper analysis of the explosive material, protocols must also consider the exposure of the material to potentially deleterious elements, such as UV light and salinity, time spent in the environment, and time between storage and analysis. To understand how traditional explosives would be affected by such conditions, saline solutions of explosives were exposed to natural and artificial sunlight. Degradation of the explosives over time was then quantified using negative chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/NCI-MS). Two explosives, trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), were exposed to different aqueous environments and light exposures with salinities ranging from freshwater to twice the salinity of ocean water. Solutions were then aged for up to 6 months to simulate different conditions the explosives may be recovered from. Salinity was found to have a negligible impact on the degradation of both RDX and TNT. RDX was stable in solutions of all salinities while TNT solutions degraded regardless of salinity. Solutions of varying salinities were also exposed to UV light, where accelerated degradation was seen for both explosives. Potential degradation products of TNT were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and correspond to proposed degradation products discussed in previously published works [1]. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Sisco, Edward; Najarro, Marcela] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bridge, Candice; Aranda, Roman] Def Forens Sci Ctr, Forest Pk, GA 30297 USA. [Bridge, Candice] Univ Cent Florida, Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov; marcela.najarro@nist.gov; cbridge@ucf.edu; roman.aranda3.ctr@mail.mil NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 251 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.002 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA CH6DI UT WOS:000354125900022 PM 25909992 ER PT J AU Waltrip, BC Laug, OB Nelson, TL AF Waltrip, Bryan C. Laug, Owen B. Nelson, Thomas L. TI A 600 V AC Voltage Amplifier for Power Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Calibration; error correction; feedback amplifier; measurement standards; measurement techniques; power measurement; voltage measurement ID CALIBRATION; CAPACITORS; STANDARD AB A voltage amplifier composed of three cascaded -10:1 gain sections has been developed to extend the voltage range of primary electric power calibrations from 120 to 600 V over the 50-400-Hz frequency range. The gain and phase errors of each amplifier section are continuously measured and corrected in situ using a permuting impedance measurement technique. The amplifier design approach, measurement principles, and initial performance results are presented. C1 [Waltrip, Bryan C.; Laug, Owen B.; Nelson, Thomas L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waltrip, BC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM waltrip@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1377 DI 10.1109/TIM.2014.2381733 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300011 ER PT J AU Fukuyama, Y Elmquist, RE Huang, LI Yang, YF Liu, FH Kaneko, NH AF Fukuyama, Yasuhiro Elmquist, Randolph E. Huang, Lung-I Yang, Yanfei Liu, Fan-Hung Kaneko, Nobu-hisa TI Controlling the Fermi Level in a Single-Layer Graphene QHE Device for Resistance Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Graphene; quantized Hall resistance (QHR); quantum Hall effect (QHE); quantum standard; resistance standard AB The National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are collaborating on the development of graphene-based quantized Hall resistance devices. We formed graphene films on silicon carbide (0001) substrates and processed the samples into Hall bar devices using the NIST clean room facility. The electronic transport properties have been observed at the NIST and NMIJ/AIST. Hydrogen intercalation and photochemical gating were employed to control the Fermi level in the samples. For the first method, the Fermi level was observed to move across the Dirac point. For the latter technique, it moved closer to the Dirac point. C1 [Fukuyama, Yasuhiro; Kaneko, Nobu-hisa] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Elmquist, Randolph E.; Huang, Lung-I; Yang, Yanfei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Fan-Hung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Electroopt Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Fukuyama, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM y.fukuyama@aist.go.jp NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1451 EP 1454 DI 10.1109/TIM.2015.2395512 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300023 ER PT J AU Rufenacht, A Howe, LA Fox, AE Schwall, RE Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP AF Ruefenacht, Alain Howe, Logan A. Fox, Anna E. Schwall, Robert E. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. Benz, Samuel P. TI Cryocooled 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Josephson arrays; quantization; standards; superconducting integrated circuits; voltage measurement ID JUNCTIONS AB The two main challenges to operating a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) on a cryocooler are the available cooling power and the temperature oscillations of the cold head. We overcame these challenges and successfully operated a PJVS circuit on a cryocooler by employing one supercritical helium buffer that damps the temperature oscillations, developing a new cryogenic package that increases the thermal conductivity between the chip and the cold head, and increasing overall device performance with fabrication improvements. A 1.32 mA step width of the quantized voltage produced with all of the subarrays of the PJVS circuit biased was achieved at an operating temperature of 4.3 K. The quantum accuracy of the PJVS is maintained at temperatures up to 4.8 K. This result was obtained with a cryocooler that employs a 3 kW water-cooled compressor to produce at the chip about 270 mW of net cooling power at 4.3 K.(1) C1 [Ruefenacht, Alain; Howe, Logan A.; Fox, Anna E.; Schwall, Robert E.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rufenacht, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alain.rufenacht@nist.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1477 EP 1482 DI 10.1109/TIM.2014.2374697 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300028 ER PT J AU Kaneko, NH Oe, T Kim, WS Chae, DH Elmquist, R Kraft, M AF Kaneko, Nobu-hisa Oe, Takehiko Kim, Wan-Seop Chae, Dong-Hun Elmquist, Randolph Kraft, Marlin TI Transportation Effect and Basic Characteristics of Metal-Foil Resistors Examined in an International Trilateral Pilot Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE International comparison; quantum Hall effect; resistance standard; standard resistor; transportation effect AB The transportation effect and other important characteristics of 100 Omega standard resistors of a new construction have been studied. For the transportation effect, four resistors have been transported by air between three national metrology institutes (NMIs): 1) the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science; 2) the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the USA; and 3) the National Metrology Institute of Japan. Two of the resistors have been transported in hand-carried luggage and the other two by normal air freight. Resistance values as well as other characteristics have been carefully evaluated before and after the transportation to the NMIs. The measurements were done by means of their primary national standards based on the quantum Hall effect. No noticeable difference between the two transportation methods has been detected within a standard uncertainty of 0.01 mu Omega/Omega. Other characteristics, the drift rate: about 0.05 (mu Omega/Omega)/year or less, temperature coefficient: about 0.02 (mu Omega/Omega)/degrees C or less, and power coefficient: negligible, have also been reported. It is demonstrated that this excellent performance is suitable for utilization in NMIs and international comparisons. C1 [Kaneko, Nobu-hisa; Oe, Takehiko] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Oe, Takehiko] Nagoya Univ, Dept Crystalline Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4668550, Japan. [Kim, Wan-Seop; Chae, Dong-Hun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Elmquist, Randolph; Kraft, Marlin] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaneko, NH (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM nobuhisa.kaneko@aist.go.jp; t.oe@aist.go.jp; ws2kim@kriss.re.kr; dhchae@kriss.re.kr; randolph.elmquist@nist.gov; marlin.kraft@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1519 DI 10.1109/TIM.2015.2399013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300034 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, L Cao, A Sineriz, G Pratt, J Newell, D Schlamminger, S AF Haddad, Darine Seifert, Frank Chao, Leon Cao, Austin Sineriz, George Pratt, Jon Newell, David Schlamminger, Stephan TI First Measurements of the Flux Integral With the NIST-4 Watt Balance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic measurements; fundamental constants; International System of Units (SI); Planck's constant; precision engineering; watt balance ID PLANCK CONSTANT; MAGNET SYSTEM; DESIGN AB In early 2014, construction of a new watt balance, named NIST-4, had started at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In a watt balance, the gravitational force of an unknown mass is compensated by an electromagnetic force produced by a coil in a magnet system. The electromagnetic force depends on the current in the coil and the magnetic flux integral. Most watt balances feature an additional calibration mode, referred to as velocity mode, which allows one to measure the magnetic flux integral to high precision. In this paper, we describe first measurements of the flux integral in the new watt balance. We introduce measurement and data analysis techniques to assess the quality of the measurements and the adverse effects of vibrations on the instrument. C1 [Haddad, Darine; Seifert, Frank; Chao, Leon; Cao, Austin; Sineriz, George; Newell, David; Schlamminger, Stephan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pratt, Jon] NIST, Fundamental Elect Measurements Grp, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haddad, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1642 EP 1649 DI 10.1109/TIM.2015.2407531 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300054 ER PT J AU Leaman, EJ Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, LS Cao, A Pratt, JR Schlamminger, S Newell, DB AF Leaman, Eric J. Haddad, Darine Seifert, Frank Chao, Leon S. Cao, Austin Pratt, Jon R. Schlamminger, Stephan Newell, David B. TI A Determination of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST-4 Watt Balance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Fundamental constants; gravity; International System of Units (SI); Planck's constant; watt balance AB A new watt balance is being constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units and the realization of mass through an exact value of the Planck constant. The total relative uncertainty goal for this instrument of a few parts in 10(8) requires that the local acceleration due to gravity has to be known at the location of a test mass with a relative uncertainty on the order of only a few parts in 10(9). To make this determination, both the horizontal and vertical gradients of gravity must be known such that gravity may be tied from an absolute reference in the laboratory to the precise mass location. We describe the procedures used to model and measure gravity variations throughout the laboratory and give our results. C1 [Leaman, Eric J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Haddad, Darine; Seifert, Frank; Chao, Leon S.; Cao, Austin; Pratt, Jon R.; Schlamminger, Stephan; Newell, David B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leaman, EJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1663 EP 1669 DI 10.1109/TIM.2014.2383111 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI0GO UT WOS:000354415300057 ER PT J AU Kim, DB Shin, SJ Shao, GD Brodsky, A AF Kim, Duck Bong Shin, Seung-Jun Shao, Guodong Brodsky, Alexander TI A decision-guidance framework for sustainability performance analysis of manufacturing processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sustainable manufacturing; Sustainability performance analysis; Decision support and guidance; Manufacturing processes; Machining process AB Life cycle assessment (LCA) frameworks are widely used to assess the sustainability of manufacturing processes. Although they have several advantages such as systematic estimation and efficiency, they have significant limitations due to a lack of functionality to perform sustainability analysis. Specifically, they do not fully support dynamic and diverse characteristics of manufacturing processes nor cover technical details for the further analysis, such as simulation, prediction, and optimization. In addition, they do not provide a unified modeling environment in which to perform various sustainability analysis tasks. In this paper, a decision-guidance framework has been presented to improve sustainability in manufacturing processes while addressing the deficiencies in existing LCA frameworks. The proposed framework consists of six phases: goal and scope definition, data collection, model generation, sustainability performance analysis, interpretation, and decision support and guidance, which is designed in terms of functionality, usability, flexibility/reusability, and interoperability. To demonstrate the use of the framework, a case study of a turning process has been performed. C1 [Kim, Duck Bong; Shin, Seung-Jun; Shao, Guodong] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brodsky, Alexander] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shin, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kim.duckbong@nist.gov; seungjun.shin@nist.gov; guodong.shao@nist.gov; brodsky@gmu.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 EI 1433-3015 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 78 IS 9-12 BP 1455 EP 1471 DI 10.1007/s00170-014-6711-9 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CI3EA UT WOS:000354629200009 ER PT J AU Weitz, JS Stock, CA Wilhelm, SW Bourouiba, L Coleman, ML Buchan, A Follows, MJ Fuhrman, JA Jover, LF Lennon, JT Middelboe, M Sonderegger, DL Suttle, CA Taylor, BP Thingstad, TF Wilson, WH Wommack, KE AF Weitz, Joshua S. Stock, Charles A. Wilhelm, Steven W. Bourouiba, Lydia Coleman, Maureen L. Buchan, Alison Follows, Michael J. Fuhrman, Jed A. Jover, Luis F. Lennon, Jay T. Middelboe, Mathias Sonderegger, Derek L. Suttle, Curtis A. Taylor, Bradford P. Thingstad, T. Frede Wilson, William H. Wommack, K. Eric TI A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; TROPHIC CASCADES; ORGANIC-MATTER; VIRAL DYNAMICS; BACTERIA; COMMUNITIES; INFECTION; ABUNDANCE; COASTAL AB Viral lysis of microbial hosts releases organic matter that can then be assimilated by nontargeted microorganisms. Quantitative estimates of virus-mediated recycling of carbon in marine waters, first established in the late 1990s, were originally extrapolated from marine host and virus densities, host carbon content and inferred viral lysis rates. Yet, these estimates did not explicitly incorporate the cascade of complex feedbacks associated with virus-mediated lysis. To evaluate the role of viruses in shaping community structure and ecosystem functioning, we extend dynamic multitrophic ecosystem models to include a virus component, specifically parameterized for processes taking place in the ocean euphotic zone. Crucially, we are able to solve this model analytically, facilitating evaluation of model behavior under many alternative parameterizations. Analyses reveal that the addition of a virus component promotes the emergence of complex communities. In addition, biomass partitioning of the emergent multitrophic community is consistent with well-established empirical norms in the surface oceans. At steady state, ecosystem fluxes can be probed to characterize the effects that viruses have when compared with putative marine surface ecosystems without viruses. The model suggests that ecosystems with viruses will have (1) increased organic matter recycling, (2) reduced transfer to higher trophic levels and (3) increased net primary productivity. These model findings support hypotheses that viruses can have significant stimulatory effects across whole-ecosystem scales. We suggest that existing efforts to predict carbon and nutrient cycling without considering virus effects are likely to miss essential features of marine food webs that regulate global biogeochemical cycles. C1 [Weitz, Joshua S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Weitz, Joshua S.; Jover, Luis F.; Taylor, Bradford P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wilhelm, Steven W.; Buchan, Alison] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bourouiba, Lydia] MIT, Dept Appl Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Coleman, Maureen L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geosci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Follows, Michael J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fuhrman, Jed A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. [Middelboe, Mathias] Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sonderegger, Derek L.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Math, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Suttle, Curtis A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Suttle, Curtis A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Thingstad, T. Frede] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. [Wilson, William H.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Wommack, K. Eric] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE USA. RP Weitz, JS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, 310 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jsweitz@gatech.edu RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008; Thingstad, Tron Frede/B-2254-2008; OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077; Thingstad, Tron Frede/0000-0002-5593-819X; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Buchan, Alison/0000-0001-7420-985X; Suttle, Curtis/0000-0002-0372-0033 FU Ocean Viral Dynamics working group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; National Science Foundation; US Department of Homeland Security; US Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; NSF [OCE-1233760] FX This work was supported by participation in the Ocean Viral Dynamics working group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Agriculture through NSF Award EF-0832858, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. JSW acknowledges support from a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and NSF OCE-1233760. We thank J Brum and M Sullivan for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 79 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 14 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1352 EP 1364 DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.220 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CI5HR UT WOS:000354786700007 PM 25635642 ER PT J AU Comarazamy, DE Gonzalez, JE Moshary, F Piasecki, M AF Comarazamy, Daniel E. Gonzalez, Jorge E. Moshary, Fred Piasecki, Michael TI On the Hydrometeorological Changes of a Tropical Water Basin in the Caribbean and Its Sensitivity to Midterm Changes in Regional Climate SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE SURFACE-AREA; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; PUERTO-RICO; LEVEL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; ENRIQUILLO; LAHONTAN; RAINFALL; AMERICA AB Global climate change manifests in the Caribbean basin as increased SSTs, precipitation anomalies, and changes in atmospheric moisture content, among other effects. These regional climate changes have a profound impact on the local human, flora, and fauna populations. Such is the case of the Enriquillo basin, a highly sensitive ecosystem located in the southwestern region of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. The major bodies of water in the basin, Lake Enriquillo and Lake Azuei, show a shrinking and expanding pattern since the early 1980s. The surface area of Lake Enriquillo was observed to reach minimum values in 2004 (170 km(2)), shifting to a rapid expansion to its current levels (>350 km(2) as of late 2013). Lake Azuei is observed to grow at similar rates. This lake expansion could be attributed to regional climate change. Long-term regional climate data reflect increasing SSTs (~1 degrees C), air temperatures (~0.37 degrees C decade(-1)), dewpoint (~0.66 degrees C decade(-1)), and precipitation (~30%); no reliable local precipitation records were found. Furthermore, local governments are being forced to issue evacuations, prompting one of the first cases of environmental refugees not caused by an extreme event (e.g., a hurricane or tsunami). The hypothesis of lake expansion in the Enriquillo basin as a regional response to climate change is further investigated with the use of an integrated regional atmospheric modeling system. Model results from simulations performed for years during the lakes' lowest water levels (2003-04) and during their continued growth (2012-13) show increased total accumulated surface precipitation, atmospheric liquid water content, and an enhanced positive feedback system that produces orographic cloud cover in the surrounding tropical montane cloud forests as a consequence of the changing atmospheric and oceanic conditions. C1 [Comarazamy, Daniel E.; Gonzalez, Jorge E.; Moshary, Fred; Piasecki, Michael] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Comarazamy, Daniel E.] NOAA NESDIS STAR SOCD, College Pk, MD USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Moshary, Fred] CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Piasecki, Michael] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gonzalez, JE (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, 140th St & Convent Ave,Steinman Hall,Rm T-238, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu RI Comarazamy, Daniel/C-8246-2014 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under NOAA CREST Grant [NA11SEC4810004]; National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the Dominican Republic (FONDOCYT); U.S. National Science Foundation [1264466] FX This study was supported and monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under NOAA CREST Grant NA11SEC4810004, the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the Dominican Republic (FONDOCYT), and by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant 1264466. We also extend our gratitude to Yolanda M. Leon and Candido Quintana of INTEC for providing GIS data of the lakes, numerous maps, and lake temperature and salinity data, as well as assisting in the analysis, and to Ms. Equisha Glenn of CCNY for sharing the historical SST analysis for the Caribbean. The LCLU specifications and change analysis were performed by Eva Luna Romero as part of her Masters in Engineering thesis at Cornell University. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 16 IS 3 BP 997 EP 1013 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0083.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CI9YI UT WOS:000355126500003 ER PT J AU White, AB Neiman, PJ Creamean, JM Coleman, T Ralph, FM Prather, KA AF White, Allen B. Neiman, Paul J. Creamean, Jessie M. Coleman, Timothy Ralph, F. Martin Prather, Kimberly A. TI The Impacts of California's San Francisco Bay Area Gap on Precipitation Observed in the Sierra Nevada during HMT and CalWater SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; BARRIER JETS; SNOW LINE; AIR-FLOW; RAINFALL; RADAR; CALJET; EVENTS; STORMS AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow regions of enhanced water vapor transport, usually found on the warm-sector side of the polar cold front in many midlatitude storms formed primarily over the oceans. Nonbrightband (NBB) rain is a shallow orographic rainfall process driven by collision and coalescence that has been observed in some of these storms. NBB rain accounts for about one-third, on average, of the total winter season rainfall occurring at a coastal mountain site in Northern California. During the California Energy Commission's CalWater project, nearly the same fraction of NBB rain was observed at a northern Sierra Nevada foothills site as compared to the coastal mountains, whereas less than half of the fractional amount of NBB rain was observed at a southern Sierra Nevada foothills site. Both Sierra Nevada sites often experience terrain-induced blocked flow, that is, Sierra barrier jet (SBJ) during landfalling winter storms. However, the northern Sierra Nevada site often is oriented geographically downwind of a gap in the coastal terrain near San Francisco during AR landfall. This gap allows maritime air in the AR to arrive at the northern site and enhance the collision-coalescence process in orographic feeder clouds as compared