FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sun, JR Oey, LY AF Sun, Jingru Oey, Lie-Yauw TI The Influence of the Ocean on Typhoon Nuri (2008) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Tropical cyclones ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SOUTH CHINA SEA; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATIONS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; VERTICAL SHEAR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMAL STRUCTURE AB Typhoon Nuri (2008) was 1 of approximately 120 typhoons in the past 60 years that passed through a narrow gap, the Luzon Strait, connecting the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (SCS). In total 70% of these storms, including Nuri, reached their maximum intensities over the warm waters east of Luzon and in the Kuroshio, then rapidly weakened in the SCS. Numerical experiments were conducted to understand the intensity change of Nuri. Westward across the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait, the 26 degrees C isotherm shallows rapidly by half. This and stronger mixing by wind-ocean resonance preferentially cooled sea surface temperature and weakened the typhoon in SCS. A positive-feedback mechanism is then described to explain the intensification of Nuri over the western North Pacific. C1 [Sun, Jingru] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, IHOS, 300 Zhongda Rd, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. EM lyooey@gmail.com FU Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council of Taiwan; Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program [20131089356] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Editor Dr. Patrick Harr for their comments, which improved the manuscript. We thank reviewer 1 for bringing to our attention the work by Raymond and Carrillo (2011). Part of this work was completed while JS conducted her summer (2014) research at NCU, Taiwan. LYO is grateful for the award he received from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship, and wishes to thank Mr. Simon Chao for providing Fig. 2. The research was in part supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan. JS thanks her Tsinghua adviser, Prof. F.-H. Xu, for guidance and support through the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (Project 20131089356). Calculations were conducted at the National Central University's ATOP cluster, as well as at the Tsinghua University's server Tansuo100. NR 90 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4493 EP 4513 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0029.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800011 ER PT J AU Munsell, EB Sippel, JA Braun, SA Weng, YH Zhang, FQ AF Munsell, Erin B. Sippel, Jason A. Braun, Scott A. Weng, Yonghui Zhang, Fuqing TI Dynamics and Predictability of Hurricane Nadine (2012) Evaluated through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Analysis and Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Hurricanes; Forecasting; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Models and modeling; Data assimilation; Ensembles ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; UPPER OCEAN RESPONSE; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM; MAPS AB The governing dynamics and uncertainties of an ensemble simulation of Hurricane Nadine (2012) are assessed through the use of a regional-scale convection-permitting analysis and forecast system based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). For this case, the data that are utilized were collected during the 2012 phase of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) experiment. The majority of the tracks of this ensemble were successful, correctly predicting Nadine's turn toward the southwest ahead of an approaching midlatitude trough, though 10 members forecasted Nadine to be carried eastward by the trough. Ensemble composite and sensitivity analyses reveal the track divergence to be caused by differences in the environmental steering flow that resulted from uncertainties associated with the position and subsequent strength of a midlatitude trough.Despite the general success of the ensemble track forecasts, the intensity forecasts indicated that Nadine would strengthen, which did not happen. A sensitivity experiment performed with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) updates significantly reduced the intensity errors associated with the simulation. This weakening occurred as a result of cooling of the SST field in the vicinity of Nadine, which led to weaker surface sensible and latent heat fluxes at the air-sea interface. A comparison of environmental variables, including relative humidity, temperature, and shear yielded no obvious differences between the WRF-EnKF simulations and the HS3 observations. However, an initial intensity bias in which the WRF-EnKF vortices are stronger than the observed vortex appears to be the most likely cause of the final intensity errors. C1 [Munsell, Erin B.; Weng, Yonghui; Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sippel, Jason A.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Sippel, Jason A.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fzhang@psu.edu RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985 FU NASA New Investigator Program [NNX12AJ79G]; NOAA Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Program; Office of Naval Research [N000140910526]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1305798]; NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation under NASA's Earth Venture Program FX This work is supported by the NASA New Investigator Program (Grant NNX12AJ79G), the NOAA Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Program, the Office of Naval Research (Grant N000140910526), and National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1305798), and was performed while JS was under the employment of Morgan State University through the GESTAR agreement with NASA and funded from NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation under NASA's Earth Venture Program. Computing was performed at NOAA and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC). NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4514 EP 4532 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00358.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800012 ER PT J AU Scheuerer, M Hamill, TM AF Scheuerer, Michael Hamill, Thomas M. TI Statistical Postprocessing of Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts by Fitting Censored, Shifted Gamma Distributions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Ensembles; Probability forecasts; models; distribution ID EXTENDED LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; REFORECASTS; ECMWF; OUTPUT AB A parametric statistical postprocessing method is presented that transforms raw (and frequently biased) ensemble forecasts from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) into reliable predictive probability distributions for precipitation accumulations. Exploratory analysis based on 12 years of reforecast data and ?degrees climatology-calibrated precipitation analyses shows that censored, shifted gamma distributions can well approximate the conditional distribution of observed precipitation accumulations given the ensemble forecasts. A nonhomogeneous regression model is set up to link the parameters of this distribution to ensemble statistics that summarize the mean and spread of predicted precipitation amounts within a certain neighborhood of the location of interest, and in addition the predicted mean of precipitable water. The proposed method is demonstrated with precipitation reforecasts over the conterminous United States using common metrics such as Brier skill scores and reliability diagrams. It yields probabilistic forecasts that are reliable, highly skillful, and sharper than the previously demonstrated analog procedure. In situations with limited predictability, increasing the size of the neighborhood within which ensemble forecasts are considered as predictors can further improve forecast skill. It is found, however, that even a parametric postprocessing approach crucially relies on the availability of a sufficiently large training dataset. C1 [Scheuerer, Michael] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scheuerer, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scheuerer, M (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.scheuerer@noaa.gov RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU NOAA/National Weather Service Sandy Supplemental via the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act; NOAA/OAR High-Impact Weather Prediction Project via the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act FX This research was supported by funding from the NOAA/National Weather Service Sandy Supplemental and NOAA/OAR High-Impact Weather Prediction Project, both funded via the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4578 EP 4596 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0061.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800015 ER PT J AU Collow, TW Wang, WQ Kumar, A Zhang, JL AF Collow, Thomas W. Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun Zhang, Jinlun TI Improving Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Using PIOMAS Initial Sea Ice Thickness in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Arctic; Sea ice; Forecasting; Hindcasts; Variability; Seasonal cycle ID DYNAMICAL FORECAST SYSTEM; SEASONAL PREDICTIONS; PREDICTABILITY; EXTENT; GCM; SKILL AB Because sea ice thickness is known to influence future patterns of sea ice concentration, it is likely that an improved initialization of sea ice thickness in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model would improve Arctic sea ice cover forecasts. Here, two sea ice thickness datasets as possible candidates for forecast initialization were investigated: the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). Using Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data, it was shown that the PIOMAS dataset had a more realistic representation of sea ice thickness than CFSR. Subsequently, both March CFSR and PIOMAS sea ice thicknesses were used to initialize hindcasts using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), model. A second set of model runs was also done in which the original model physics were modified to more physically reasonable settingsnamely, increasing the number of marine stratus clouds in the Arctic region and enabling realistic representation of the ice-ocean heat flux. Hindcasts were evaluated using sea ice concentration observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Team and Bootstrap algorithms. Results show that using PIOMAS initial sea ice thickness in addition to the physics modifications yielded significant improvement in the prediction of September Arctic sea ice extent along with increased interannual predictive skill. Significant local improvements in sea ice concentration were also seen in distinct regions for the change to PIOMAS initial thickness or the physics adjustments, with the most improvement occurring when these changes were applied concurrently. C1 [Collow, Thomas W.] INNOVIM LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Collow, Thomas W.; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Collow, TW (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM thomas.collow@noaa.gov FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0112] FX Support for JZ was provided by ONR Grant N00014-12-1-0112. PIOMAS data used in this study are available at ftp://pscftp.apl.washington.edu/zhang/IDAO/retrospection and NASA Team and Bootstrap sea ice concentrations can be downloaded at ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/pub/DATASETS. We thank Meng-Pai Hung (CPC) for processing ICESat data used in this study. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4618 EP 4630 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0097.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800017 ER PT J AU Lu, FY Liu, ZY Zhang, SQ Liu, Y Jacob, R AF Lu, Feiyu Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Yun Jacob, Robert TI Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation Using Leading Averaged Coupled Covariance (LACC). Part II: CGCM Experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mathematical and statistical techniques; Kalman filters; Models and modeling; Coupled models; Data assimilation; Ensembles ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN DATA; CLIMATE MODEL; STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; HOLOCENE AB This paper uses a fully coupled general circulation model (CGCM) to study the leading averaged coupled covariance (LACC) method in a strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) system. The previous study in a simple coupled climate model has shown that, by calculating the coupled covariance using the leading averaged atmospheric states, the LACC method enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and improves the analysis quality of the slow model component compared to both the traditional weakly coupled data assimilation without cross-component adjustments (WCDA) and the regular SCDA using the simultaneous coupled covariance (SimCC).Here in Part II, the LACC method is tested with a CGCM in a perfect-model framework. By adding the observational adjustments from the low-level atmosphere temperature to the sea surface temperature (SST), the SCDA using LACC significantly reduces the SST error compared to WCDA over the globe; it also improves from the SCDA using SimCC, which performs better than the WCDA only in the deep tropics. The improvement in SST analysis is a result of the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in the LACC method, especially in the extratropical regions. The improved SST analysis also benefits the subsurface ocean temperature and low-level atmosphere temperature analyses through dynamic and statistical processes. C1 [Lu, Feiyu; Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [Lu, Feiyu; Liu, Zhengyu; Liu, Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jacob, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, FY (reprint author), Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM flu7@wisc.edu OI Lu, Feiyu/0000-0001-6532-0740 FU NSF [AGS-0968383]; Chinese MOST [2012CB955200] FX We thank Drs. Shu Wu and Xinyao Rong for their work during the early development of our data assimilation code. This research is sponsored by NSF AGS-0968383 and Chinese MOST 2012CB955200. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4645 EP 4659 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0088.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800019 ER PT J AU Penny, SG Behringer, DW Carton, JA Kalnay, E AF Penny, Stephen G. Behringer, David W. Carton, James A. Kalnay, Eugenia TI A Hybrid Global Ocean Data Assimilation System at NCEP SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mathematical and statistical techniques; Kalman filters; Variational analysis; Forecasting; Climate prediction; Ensembles; Seasonal forecasting; Models and modeling; Data assimilation ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; HEAT-CONTENT VARIATIONS; EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PART I; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ERROR STATISTICS AB Seasonal forecasting with a coupled model requires accurate initial conditions for the ocean. A hybrid data assimilation has been implemented within the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) as a future replacement of the operational three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) method. This Hybrid-GODAS provides improved representation of model uncertainties by using a combination of dynamic and static background error covariances, and by using an ensemble forced by different realizations of atmospheric surface conditions. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented spanning January 1991 to January 1999, with a bias imposed on the surface forcing conditions to emulate an imperfect model. The OSSE compares the 3DVar used by the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) with the new hybrid, using simulated in situ ocean observations corresponding to those used for the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR).The Hybrid-GODAS reduces errors for all prognostic model variables over the majority of the experiment duration, both globally and regionally. Compared to an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) used alone, the hybrid further reduces errors in the tropical Pacific. The hybrid eliminates growth in biases of temperature and salinity present in the EnKF and 3DVar, respectively. A preliminary reanalysis using real data shows that reductions in errors and biases are qualitatively similar to the results from the OSSE. The Hybrid-GODAS is currently being implemented as the ocean component in a prototype next-generation CFSv3, and will be used in studies by the Climate Prediction Center to evaluate impacts on ENSO prediction. C1 [Penny, Stephen G.; Behringer, David W.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Penny, Stephen G.; Carton, James A.; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Penny, SG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4254 Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM steve.penny@noaa.gov RI carton, james/C-4807-2009; OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program [NA130AR4310108]; NSF [OCE0752209]; Monsoon Mission Grant MMSERPUnivMaryland FX We acknowledge Dan Barrie and the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) program for making this work possible (NA130AR4310108). James Carton is supported by NSF Grant OCE0752209. Eugenia Kalnay is supported by Monsoon Mission Grant MMSERPUnivMaryland. We would like to acknowledge Hendrik Tolman and Suranjana Saha of the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) for collaboration and for providing additional computing resources. Finally, we acknowledge Bill Lapenta for encouraging the development of a hybrid data assimilation system for the ocean. The NOAA Research and Development High Performance Computing Program provided computing and storage resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://rdhpcs.noaa.gov). Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and the NOAA CPO. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 BP 4660 EP 4677 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00376.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7DQ UT WOS:000363696800020 ER PT J AU Baggett, LP Powers, SP Brumbaugh, RD Coen, LD DeAngelis, BM Greene, JK Hancock, BT Morlock, SM Allen, BL Breitburg, DL Bushek, D Grabowski, JH Grizzle, RE Grosholz, ED La Peyre, MK Luckenbach, MW McGraw, KA Piehler, MF Westby, SR Ermgassen, PSEZ AF Baggett, Lesley P. Powers, Sean P. Brumbaugh, Robert D. Coen, Loren D. DeAngelis, Bryan M. Greene, Jennifer K. Hancock, Boze T. Morlock, Summer M. Allen, Brian L. Breitburg, Denise L. Bushek, David Grabowski, Jonathan H. Grizzle, Raymond E. Grosholz, Edwin D. La Peyre, Megan K. Luckenbach, Mark W. McGraw, Kay A. Piehler, Michael F. Westby, Stephanie R. Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu TI Guidelines for evaluating performance of oyster habitat restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Crassostrea virginica; criteria; eastern oyster; ecosystem services; monitoring; Olympia oyster; Ostrea lurida; reefs ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVES; REEF RESTORATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEAGRASS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; MARSH; SHELL; STABILIZATION AB Restoration of degraded ecosystems is an important societal goal, yet inadequate monitoring and the absence of clear performance metrics are common criticisms of many habitat restoration projects. Funding limitations can prevent adequate monitoring, but we suggest that the lack of accepted metrics to address the diversity of restoration objectives also presents a serious challenge to the monitoring of restoration projects. A working group with experience in designing and monitoring oyster reef projects was used to develop standardized monitoring metrics, units, and performance criteria that would allow for comparison among restoration sites and projects of various construction types. A set of four universal metrics (reef areal dimensions, reef height, oyster density, and oyster size-frequency distribution) and a set of three universal environmental variables (water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) are recommended to be monitored for all oyster habitat restoration projects regardless of their goal(s). In addition, restoration goal-based metrics specific to four commonly cited ecosystem service-based restoration goals are recommended, along with an optional set of seven supplemental ancillary metrics that could provide information useful to the interpretation of prerestoration and postrestoration monitoring data. Widespread adoption of a common set of metrics with standardized techniques and units to assess well-defined goals not only allows practitioners to gauge the performance of their own projects but also allows for comparison among projects, which is both essential to the advancement of the field of oyster restoration and can provide new knowledge about the structure and ecological function of oyster reef ecosystems. C1 [Baggett, Lesley P.; Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Baggett, Lesley P.; Powers, Sean P.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Brumbaugh, Robert D.] Nature Conservancy, Big Pine Key, FL USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Coen, Loren D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [DeAngelis, Bryan M.; Hancock, Boze T.] Nature Conservancy, URI Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Greene, Jennifer K.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA. [Morlock, Summer M.; McGraw, Kay A.; Westby, Stephanie R.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Allen, Brian L.] Puget Sound Restorat Fund, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Bushek, David] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Point Norris, NJ USA. [Grabowski, Jonathan H.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Grizzle, Raymond E.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [La Peyre, Megan K.] Louisiana State Univ AgCtr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Luckenbach, Mark W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Piehler, Michael F.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Moorehead City, NC USA. [Ermgassen, Philine S. E. Zu] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. RP Baggett, LP (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM lbaggett@umobile.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 23 IS 6 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1111/rec.12262 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU6VA UT WOS:000363671300003 ER PT J AU Birkmann, J Cutter, SL Rothman, DS Welle, T Garschagen, M van Ruijven, B O'Neill, B Preston, BL Kienberger, S Cardona, OD Siagian, T Hidayati, D Setiadi, N Binder, CR Hughes, B Pulwarty, R AF Birkmann, Joern Cutter, Susan L. Rothman, Dale S. Welle, Torsten Garschagen, Matthias van Ruijven, Bas O'Neill, Brian Preston, Benjamin L. Kienberger, Stefan Cardona, Omar D. Siagian, Tiodora Hidayati, Deny Setiadi, Neysa Binder, Claudia R. Hughes, Barry Pulwarty, Roger TI Scenarios for vulnerability: opportunities and constraints in the context of climate change and disaster risk SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ADAPTATION AB Most scientific assessments for climate change adaptation and risk reduction are based on scenarios for climatic change. Scenarios for socio-economic development, particularly in terms of vulnerability and adaptive capacity, are largely lacking. This paper focuses on the utility of socio-economic scenarios for vulnerability, risk and adaptation research. The paper introduces the goals and functions of scenarios in general and reflects on the current global debate around shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). It examines the options and constraints of scenario methods for risk and vulnerability assessments in the context of climate change and natural hazards. Two case studies are used to contrast the opportunities and current constraints in scenario methods at different scales: the global WorldRiskIndex, based on quantitative data and indicators; and a local participatory scenario development process in Jakarta, showing a qualitative approach. The juxtaposition of a quantitative approach with global data and a qualitative-participatory local approach provides new insights on how different methods and scenario techniques can be applied in vulnerability and risk research. C1 [Birkmann, Joern; Welle, Torsten; Garschagen, Matthias; Setiadi, Neysa] United Nations Univ, Inst Environm & Human Secur, Bonn, Germany. [Cutter, Susan L.] Univ S Carolina, Hazards & Vulnerabil Res Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rothman, Dale S.; Hughes, Barry] Univ Denver, Pardee Ctr Int Futures, Denver, CO USA. [van Ruijven, Bas; O'Neill, Brian] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Preston, Benjamin L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kienberger, Stefan] Salzburg Univ, Interfac Dept Geoinformat Z GIS, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. [Cardona, Omar D.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Estudios Ambientales IDEA, Manizales, Colombia. [Siagian, Tiodora] Govt Indonesia, Stat Indonesia BPS, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hidayati, Deny] Indonesian Inst Sci LIPI, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Binder, Claudia R.] Univ Munich LMU, Dept Geog, Munich, Germany. [Pulwarty, Roger] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Birkmann, J (reprint author), United Nations Univ, Inst Environm & Human Secur, Bonn, Germany. EM birkmann@ehs.unu.edu; stefan.kienberger@sbg.ac.at RI O'Neill, Brian/E-6531-2013; Toro, Johan/P-9939-2016; OI Cutter, Susan/0000-0002-7005-8596 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2015 VL 133 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0913-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU4FW UT WOS:000363483600005 ER PT J AU Tuohy, A Zack, J Haupt, SE Sharp, J Ahlstrom, M Dise, S Grimit, E Mohrlen, C Lange, M Casado, MG Black, J Marquis, M Collier, C AF Tuohy, Aidan Zack, John Haupt, Sue Ellen Sharp, Justin Ahlstrom, Mark Dise, Skip Grimit, Eric Mohrlen, Corinna Lange, Matthias Garcia Casado, Mayte Black, Jon Marquis, Melinda Collier, Craig TI Solar Forecasting Methods, Challenges, and Performance SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID POWER C1 [Tuohy, Aidan] Elect Power Res Inst, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Zack, John] AWS Truepower LLC, Albany, NY USA. [Haupt, Sue Ellen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sharp, Justin] Sharply Focused LLC, Portland, OR USA. [Ahlstrom, Mark] WindLogics, St Paul, MN USA. [Dise, Skip] Clean Power Res, Napa, CA USA. [Grimit, Eric] Vaisala, Seattle, WA USA. [Mohrlen, Corinna] WEPROG, Ebberup, Denmark. [Lange, Matthias] Energy & Meteo Syst, Oldenburg, Germany. [Garcia Casado, Mayte] Red Elect Espana, Madrid, Spain. [Black, Jon] ISO New England, Holyoke, MA USA. [Marquis, Melinda] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Collier, Craig] DNV GL, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tuohy, A (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 EI 1558-4216 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1109/MPE.2015.2461351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CT9PJ UT WOS:000363148800005 ER PT J AU Ak, R Vitelli, V Zio, E AF Ak, Ronay Vitelli, Valeria Zio, Enrico TI An Interval-Valued Neural Network Approach for Uncertainty Quantification in Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Interval-valued neural networks (NNs); multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA); prediction intervals (PIs); short-term wind speed forecasting; uncertainty ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; NSGA-II; OPTIMIZATION; GENERATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; MODELS AB We consider the task of performing prediction with neural networks (NNs) on the basis of uncertain input data expressed in the form of intervals. We aim at quantifying the uncertainty in the prediction arising from both the input data and the prediction model. A multilayer perceptron NN is trained to map interval-valued input data onto interval outputs, representing the prediction intervals (PIs) of the real target values. The NN training is performed by nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, so that the PIs are optimized both in terms of accuracy (coverage probability) and dimension (width). Demonstration of the proposed method is given in two case studies: 1) a synthetic case study, in which the data have been generated with a 5-min time frequency from an autoregressive moving average model with either Gaussian or Chi-squared innovation distribution and 2) a real case study, in which experimental data consist of wind speed measurements with a time step of 1 h. Comparisons are given with a crisp (single-valued) approach. The results show that the crisp approach is less reliable than the interval-valued input approach in terms of capturing the variability in input. C1 [Ak, Ronay; Zio, Enrico] Ecole Cent Paris, European Fdn New Energy Elect France, Chair Syst Sci & Energet Challenge, F-92290 Chatenay Malabry, France. [Vitelli, Valeria] Univ Oslo, Oslo Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Biostat, Oslo, Norway. [Zio, Enrico] Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Ak, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Zio, Enrico/0000-0002-7108-637X NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2162-237X EI 2162-2388 J9 IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2787 EP 2800 DI 10.1109/TNNLS.2015.2396933 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CU0XQ UT WOS:000363242800014 PM 25730829 ER PT J AU Litchman, E Pinto, PD Edwards, KF Klausmeier, CA Kremer, CT Thomas, MK AF Litchman, Elena de Tezanos Pinto, Paula Edwards, Kyle F. Klausmeier, Christopher A. Kremer, Colin T. Thomas, Mridul K. TI Global biogeochemical impacts of phytoplankton: a trait-based perspective SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aquatic plant ecology; biogeochemical cycles; cell size; functional groups; global change; phytoplankton community structure; trade-offs ID NITROGEN-FIXATION RATES; HIGH CO2 WORLD; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EUKARYOTIC PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEANIC PHYTOPLANKTON; CELL-SIZE; ELEMENTAL STOICHIOMETRY; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; PLANKTON DYNAMICS AB Phytoplankton are key players in the global carbon cycle, contributing about half of global primary productivity. Within the phytoplankton, functional groups (characterized by distinct traits) have impacts on other major biogeochemical cycles, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silica. Changes in phytoplankton community structure, resulting from the unique environmental sensitivities of these groups, may significantly alter elemental cycling from local to global scales. We review key traits that distinguish major phytoplankton functional groups, how they affect biogeochemistry and how the links between community structure and biogeochemical cycles are modelled. Finally, we explore how global environmental change will affect phytoplankton communities, from the traits of individual species to the relative abundance of functional groups, and how that, in turn, may alter biogeochemical cycles.Synthesis. We can increase our mechanistic understanding of the links between the community structure of primary producers and biogeochemistry by focusing on traits determining functional group responses to the environment (response traits) and their biogeochemical functions (effect traits). Identifying trade-offs including allometric and phylogenetic constraints among traits will help parameterize predictive biogeochemical models, enhancing our ability to anticipate the consequences of global change. C1 [Litchman, Elena; Klausmeier, Christopher A.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Litchman, Elena] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [de Tezanos Pinto, Paula] Univ Buenos Aires, IEGEBA CONICET UBA, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Edwards, Kyle F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Klausmeier, Christopher A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kremer, Colin T.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kremer, Colin T.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Thomas, Mridul K.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Litchman, E (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM litchman@msu.edu RI Klausmeier, Christopher/J-9339-2012; OI Thomas, Mridul/0000-0002-5089-5610 FU NSF FX This work was in part supported by the NSF grants to EL and CAK, and the NSF postdoctoral fellowship to CTK. NR 142 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 21 U2 136 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1396 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12438 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU2FO UT WOS:000363339300003 ER PT J AU Johnston, RJ Jarvis, D Wallmo, K Lew, DK AF Johnston, Robert J. Jarvis, Daniel Wallmo, Kristy Lew, Daniel K. TI Multiscale Spatial Pattern in Nonuse Willingness to Pay: Applications to Threatened and Endangered Marine Species SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCE CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD; WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS; DISTANCE-DECAY; LAND PRESERVATION; BENEFIT TRANSFER; HOT-SPOTS; VALUES; WTP; HETEROGENEITY AB This paper demonstrates methods that may be combined to characterize otherwise undetectable spatial heterogeneity in stated preference willingness to pay (WTP) estimates that may occur at multiple geospatial scales. These include methods applicable to large-scale analysis with diffuse policy impacts and uncertainty regarding the appropriate scales over which spatial patterns should be evaluated. Illustrated methods include spatial interpolation and multiscale analysis of hot/cold spots using local indicators of spatial association. An application to threatened and endangered marine species illustrates the empirical findings that emerge. Findings include large-scale clustering of nonuse WTP estimates at multiple scales of analysis. C1 [Johnston, Robert J.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Johnston, Robert J.] Clark Univ, Dept Econ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Jarvis, Daniel] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnston, RJ (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. FU [NA04NMF4370385]; [NA04NMF4340350] FX This research was conducted under grant numbers NA04NMF4370385 and NA04NMF4340350 awarded to the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, respectively. The views and opinions expressed in this article represent those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 1930 MONROE ST, 3RD FL, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0023-7639 EI 1543-8325 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 BP 739 EP 761 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT8OA UT WOS:000363074700008 ER PT J AU Orgiu, E George, J Hutchison, JA Devaux, E Dayen, JF Doudin, B Stellacci, F Genet, C Schachenmayer, J Genes, C Pupillo, G Samori, P Ebbesen, TW AF Orgiu, E. George, J. Hutchison, J. A. Devaux, E. Dayen, J. F. Doudin, B. Stellacci, F. Genet, C. Schachenmayer, J. Genes, C. Pupillo, G. Samori, P. Ebbesen, T. W. TI Conductivity in organic semiconductors hybridized with the vacuum field SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EXCITON-POLARITONS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CONDENSATION; TRANSISTORS; POLYMER; METALS; DIODES; FILMS AB Much effort over the past decades has been focused on improving carrier mobility in organic thin-film transistors by optimizing the organization of the material or the device architecture. Here we take a different path to solving this problem, by injecting carriers into states that are hybridized to the vacuum electromagnetic field. To test this idea, organic semiconductors were strongly coupled to plasmonic modes to form coherent states that can extend over as many as 105 molecules and should thereby favour conductivity. Experiments show that indeed the current does increase by an order of magnitude at resonance in the coupled state, reflecting mostly a change in field-effect mobility. A theoretical quantum model confirms the delocalization of thewavefunctions of the hybridized states and its effect on the conductivity. Our findings illustrate the potential of engineering the vacuum electromagnetic environment to modify and to improve properties of materials. C1 [Orgiu, E.; George, J.; Hutchison, J. A.; Devaux, E.; Genet, C.; Pupillo, G.; Samori, P.; Ebbesen, T. W.] Univ Strasbourg, ISIS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Orgiu, E.; George, J.; Hutchison, J. A.; Devaux, E.; Genet, C.; Pupillo, G.; Samori, P.; Ebbesen, T. W.] Univ Strasbourg, IcFRC, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Orgiu, E.; George, J.; Hutchison, J. A.; Devaux, E.; Genet, C.; Pupillo, G.; Samori, P.; Ebbesen, T. W.] CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Dayen, J. F.; Doudin, B.; Pupillo, G.] Univ Strasbourg, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [Dayen, J. F.; Doudin, B.; Pupillo, G.] Univ Strasbourg, IcFRC, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [Dayen, J. F.; Doudin, B.; Pupillo, G.] CNRS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [Stellacci, F.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, STI SMX GE MXG Stn 12 030, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schachenmayer, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Genes, C.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Ebbesen, TW (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg, ISIS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. EM ebbesen@unistra.fr RI Hutchison, James/C-5908-2015; Orgiu, Emanuele/B-1006-2012; Doudin, Bernard/I-4758-2016; genes, claudiu/A-5043-2017; OI Hutchison, James/0000-0002-0595-9961; Doudin, Bernard/0000-0002-0657-4780; SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768; genes, claudiu/0000-0003-4445-5739 FU USIAS; ERC [227557, 257305, 307688]; International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry; ANR Equipex Union [ANR-10-EQPX-52-01]; Labex NIE projects [ANR-11-LABX-0058 NIE]; CSC [ANR-10-LABX-0026 CSC, ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02, RYSQ]; NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844, CNS-0821794]; EOARD [FA8655-13-1-3032]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P24968-N27]; NCAR; CU Boulder/Denver FX This work was supported in part by USIAS, the ERC through the projects Plasmonics (227557), Suprafunction (257305), and Coldsim (307688), the International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC, Strasbourg), the ANR Equipex Union (ANR-10-EQPX-52-01), the Labex NIE projects (ANR-11-LABX-0058 NIE) and CSC (ANR-10-LABX-0026 CSC) within the Investissement d'Avenir program ANR-10-IDEX-0002-02, RYSQ, as well as the NSF (PIF-1211914 and PFC-1125844), EOARD (FA8655-13-1-3032) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) via the project P24968-N27. Computations made use of the Janus supercomputer, supported by NSF (CNS-0821794), NCAR and CU Boulder/Denver. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 19 U2 115 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1123 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4392 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CU4BU UT WOS:000363471900020 PM 26366850 ER PT J AU Rowe, MD Obenour, DR Nalepa, TF Vanderploeg, HA Yousef, F Kerfoot, WC AF Rowe, Mark D. Obenour, Daniel R. Nalepa, Thomas F. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Yousef, Foad Kerfoot, W. Charles TI Mapping the spatial distribution of the biomass and filter-feeding effect of invasive dreissenid mussels on the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Michigan SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthos; GIS; invasive species; invertebrates; lakes; modelling; physical environment; population; statistics ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ROSTRIFORMIS-BUGENSIS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; POLYMORPHA; IMPACTS; ERIE; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM AB 1. The effects of the invasive bivalves Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) on aquatic ecosystems, including Lake Michigan, are a topic of current interest to scientists and resource managers. We hypothesised that the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in Lake Michigan is reduced at locations where the fraction of the water column cleared per day by Dreissena filter feeding approached the net growth rate of phytoplankton, when the water column was not stratified. To test this hypothesis, we compared the spatial distribution of Dreissena filter-feeding intensity (determined from geostatistical modelling) to the spatial distribution of chlorophyll (determined from satellite remote sensing). 2. To map the spatial distribution of Dreissena biomass and filter-feeding intensity, we developed a geostatistical model based on point observations of mussel biomass measured in Lake Michigan in 1994/1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. The model provided fine-scale estimates of the spatial distribution of biomass for the survey years and provided estimates, with their uncertainty, of total biomass lakewide and within subregions. The approach outlined could be applied more generally to map the distribution of benthic biota in lakes from point observations. 3. Total biomass of Dreissena in Lake Michigan, estimated from the geostatistical model, increased significantly over each five-year period. The total biomass in units of 10(6)kg ash-free dry mass (AFDM) (with 90% confidence interval) was 6 (4-8) in 1994/1995, 18 (14-23) in 2000, 408 (338-485) in 2005 and 610 (547-680) in 2010. From 1994/1995 to 2005, increases were observed in all regions of the lake (northern, central and southern) and in all depth zones (<30, 30-50, 50-90 and >90). However, from 2005 to 2010, for depths of <50m, biomass declined in the northern region, remained constant in the central region and increased in the southern region; biomass continued to increase in all three lake regions for depths >50m. 4. The filter-feeding intensity of Dreissena exceeded the benchmark spring phytoplankton growth rate of 0.06day(-1) in 2005 for depths <50m (lakewide). In 2010, the filter-feeding impact exceeded 0.06day(-1) within depths <90m (lakewide), which greatly increased the spatial area affected relative to 2005. A regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between the reduction in satellite-derived chlorophyll concentration (pre-D.r.bugensis period to post-D.r.bugensis period) and spatially co-located filter-feeding intensity (fraction of water column cleared per day) during periods when the water column was not stratified (December to April). C1 [Rowe, Mark D.; Nalepa, Thomas F.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rowe, Mark D.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Oceanog, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Obenour, Daniel R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Obenour, Daniel R.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Univ Michigan, Graham Inst Sustainabil, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yousef, Foad; Kerfoot, W. Charles] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Rowe, MD (reprint author), NOAA GLERL, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM mdrowe@mtu.edu OI Rowe, Mark/0000-0002-0852-3346; Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 FU National Research Council Research Associate programme; NOAA GLERL; University of Michigan Water Center; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) FX M. D. Rowe received funding through the National Research Council Research Associate programme. Additional support was provided by NOAA GLERL, the University of Michigan Water Center and the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER). D. Scavia, University of Michigan, is gratefully acknowledged for comments on the manuscript. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1771. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 18 U2 79 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 60 IS 11 BP 2270 EP 2285 DI 10.1111/fwb.12653 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT4SA UT WOS:000362795900006 ER PT J AU Randa, J AF Randa, James TI Numerical modeling and uncertainty analysis of transistor noise-parameter measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article DE measurement simulation; noise measurement; transistor noise parameters; uncertainty analysis AB This paper provides an overview of the use of noise parameters as a numerical model to represent the noise characteristics of transistors, particularly in the context of a Monte Carlo evaluation of the uncertainties in noise-parameter measurements. The Monte Carlo also relies on a numerical model of the measurement process, in order to generate simulated measurement results, and this numerical model is also reviewed. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM james.randa@nist.gov FU US government FX This work was supported in part by the US government and is not protected by US copyright. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-3370 EI 1099-1204 J9 INT J NUMER MODEL EL JI Int. J. Numer. Model.-Electron. Netw. Device Fields PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 SI SI BP 628 EP 638 DI 10.1002/jnm.2039 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CT6HT UT WOS:000362914800003 ER PT J AU Iorga, M Karmel, A AF Iorga, Michaela Karmel, Anil TI Managing Risk in a Cloud Ecosystem SO IEEE CLOUD COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Iorga, Michaela] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Secur Tech Lead Cloud Comp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karmel, Anil] C2 Labs, Reston, VA USA. RP Iorga, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Secur Tech Lead Cloud Comp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michaela.iorga@nist.gov; akarmel@c2labs.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2325-6095 J9 IEEE CLOUD COMPUT JI IEEE Cloud Comput. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 2 IS 6 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA EG0AZ UT WOS:000390694300007 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Kim, KG Kim, KD Kim, KW Son, MH Rust, M Johnson, R AF Kim, Shin-Kwon Kim, Kyoung-Gil Kim, Kyoung-Duck Kim, Kang-Woong Son, Maeng-Hyun Rust, Michael Johnson, Ronald TI Effect of dietary taurine levels on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth of juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bile acid; growth; juvenile; Korean rockfish; taurine ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; COBIA RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PLANT PROTEIN DIETS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; SERIOLA-QUINQUERADIATA; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; FEED INGREDIENTS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different taurine levels on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth of juvenile rockfish. Five taurine level diets were made by the supplementation of taurine (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) to a basal diet. Fish meal washed with 70% ethanol to exclude taurine was used for the sole protein source. Feeding experiments were accomplished at 15 degrees C using juvenile fish (initial BW: 13.5g). Fish were fed the experimental diets for 4months. At the end of experiments, fish were weighed and stored at -80 degrees C for analysis of free amino acids and conjugated bile acids contents. The growth performance and feed efficiency of Korean rockfish were improved by taurine supplementation in the experimental diets. The taurine contents of the whole body increased with the increase in the taurine supplementation. The primary conjugated bile acids in gall bladder were taurocholic acid (83.5-165.6mgmL(-1)) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (6.3-20.0mgmL(-1)). Total bile acids increased with increases in dietary taurine. Taurocholic acid content was more than 95% of the total conjugated bile acids. This indicates that taurine is the sole amino acid to make conjugated bile acid in Korean rockfish. Dietary taurine levels improved the conjugated bile acid composition in juvenile Korean rockfish. C1 [Kim, Shin-Kwon; Kim, Kyoung-Gil] NFRDI, New Strategy Res Ctr, Busan 619705, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Duck; Kim, Kang-Woong; Son, Maeng-Hyun] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Aquafeed Res Ctr, Pohang, South Korea. [Rust, Michael; Johnson, Ronald] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), NFRDI, New Strategy Res Ctr, 216 Gijang, Busan 619705, South Korea. EM ksk4116@korea.kr FU National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Republic of Korea [RP-2013-AQ-136] FX This study was funded by a research grant (RP-2013-AQ-136) from the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Republic of Korea. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2768 EP 2775 DI 10.1111/are.12431 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CT0XS UT WOS:000362521900018 ER PT J AU Lei, RB Xie, HJ Wang, J Lepparanta, M Jonsdottir, I Zhang, ZH AF Lei, Ruibo Xie, Hongjie Wang, Jia Lepparanta, Matti Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Zhang, Zhanhai TI Changes in sea ice conditions along the Arctic Northeast Passage from 1979 to 2012 SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Concentration; Thickness; Shipping; Northeast Passage; Arctic AB Sea ice conditions in the Arctic Northeast Passage (NEP) have changed dramatically in the last four decades, with important impacts on the environment and navigability. In the present study, multisource remote sensing data for 1979-2012 were analyzed to quantify seasonal, interannual, and spatial changes in sea ice conditions along the NEP. Data for October-November showed that spatially averaged ice thickness in the NEP decreased from 1.2-1.3 m in 2003-2006 to 0.2-0.6 m in 2011-2012. From 1979 to 2012, the fastest decreasing trend in monthly ice concentration occurred in October (-1.76% per year, P < 0.001), when the ice cover starts to increase. As a result of decreasing multiyear sea ice, thinning ice and delayed freeze-up, the spatially averaged length of open period (ice concentration < 50%) increased from 84 days in the 1980s to 114 days in the 2000s and reached 146 days in 2012. The Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian sectors were relatively inaccessible, especially the sector of 90-110 degrees E around the Vilkitsky Strait. However, because of the thinning sea ice prior to the melt season and the enhanced positive polarity of the summer Arctic Dipole Anomaly, these sectors have become more accessible in recent years. The summer sea ice along the high-latitude sea route (HSR) north of the eastern Arctic islands, with a route distance comparable to the NEP, has also decreased during the last decade with the ice-free period reaching 42 days in 2012. The HSR avoids shallow waters along the coast, improving access to the Arctic sea route for deeper-draft vessels. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lei, Ruibo; Zhang, Zhanhai] Polar Res Inst China, Key Lab Polar Sci, State Ocean Adm, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Lab Remote Sensing & Geoinformat, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wang, Jia] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Lepparanta, Matti] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Lei, RB (reprint author), Polar Res Inst China, Key Lab Polar Sci, State Ocean Adm, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. EM leiruibo@pric.org.cn RI Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41476170]; Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs [CHINARE2015-03-01/04-03/04-04]; Marine Public Industry Research of China [201205007]; Nordic Center of Excellence Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate (CRAICC); NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project [1773] FX This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41476170), the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (CHINARE2015-03-01/04-03/04-04), and the Marine Public Industry Research of China (201205007). This work has also been supported by the Nordic Center of Excellence Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate (CRAICC). Jia Wang was supported by the NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project (1773). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 119 BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.08.004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CS9AQ UT WOS:000362381900012 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Pintar, AL AF Levine, Zachary H. Pintar, Adam L. TI A fixed-memory moving, expanding window for obtaining scatter corrections in X-ray CT and other stochastic averages SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Average; Moving expanding window; Fixed storage; Scatter correction AB A simple algorithm for averaging a stochastic sequence of 1D arrays in a moving, expanding window is provided. The samples are grouped in bins which increase exponentially in size so that a constant fraction of the samples is retained at any point in the sequence. The algorithm is shown to have particular relevance for a class of Monte Carlo sampling problems which includes one characteristic of iterative reconstruction in computed tomography. The code is available in the CPC program library in both Fortran 95 and C and is also available in R through CRAN. Program summary Program title: mewAvg Catalogue identifier: AEXAN1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEXA_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.ukilicence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 4757 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 67572 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 95 or C. Computer: Personal computer or larger. Operating system: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, but probably cross platform. RAM: kB to GB depending on the application Classification: 4.13. Nature of problem: Some problems require both a self-consistent solution and Monte Carlo sampling. Monte Carlo samples based on early iterates may not be useful, but discarding all samples and resampling every time solution parameters change can be wasteful. Solution method: The solution is to keep a fixed fraction of the samples, such as the most recent half. The trick implemented here involves exponentially expanding windows so that a fixed fraction of the samples can be retained using a fixed amount of physical memory. Additional comments: The subprograms are intended to be integrated into a larger program of the user. Small driver programs are provided to illustrate the usage. Running time: Microseconds to seconds per iteration Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 196 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2015.05.019 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CT1ZX UT WOS:000362602900043 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Small-Scale Nekton Density and Growth Patterns Across a Saltmarsh Landscape in Barataria Bay, Louisiana SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Marsh edge; Fishery habitat; Spartina marsh; Growth experiment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHRIMP FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; BROWN SHRIMP; GALVESTON BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; NURSERY HABITATS; COASTAL WETLANDS; EDGE FISHES AB Nekton on the northern Gulf of Mexico depend on estuarine nursery areas, but patterns of habitat use and the underlying processes that drive these patterns are not fully understood. We examined small-scale (1-50 m) patterns of habitat use in Barataria Bay by collecting nekton samples between 2002 and 2006 with a 1-m(2) drop sampler. Habitat-specific densities were estimated for six habitat types at various distances from the shoreline in marsh (Marsh1M = 1 m and Marsh3M = 3 m) and over shallow nonvegetated bottom, SNB (SNB1M = 1 m, SNB5M = 5 m, SNB20M = 20 m, and SNB50M = 50 m). Habitat-specific growth rates also were estimated for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus caged in SNB1M, SNB5M, and SNB20M. Nekton density patterns in Barataria Bay appeared to be clearly different from the Galveston Bay model, which predicts nekton distribution patterns relative to the marsh shoreline. Although densities in Barataria Bay were significantly higher in samples near the marsh shoreline (Marsh1M or SNB1M) for brown shrimp, blue crab, and white shrimp, highest mean densities were not always present in marsh edge vegetation. In addition, densities of brown shrimp and white shrimp in Barataria Bay declined much more steeply with distance into the marsh than in the model. Daily growth rates (1.0-1.2 mm TL day(-1), 68-89 mg day(-1)) for brown shrimp were similar among SNB habitat types. Our results suggest that SNB in Barataria Bay may be relatively more important as habitat for fishery species than previously assumed. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM Lawrence.Rozas@noaa.gov FU Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force; NOAA Restoration Center; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank Jason Breeding, Harley Clinton, Molly Dillender, Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Chris Fontenot, John Foret, Engi Guy, Ebony Henderson, Shawn Hillen, Joni Kernan, Kirk Kilfoyle, Mark London, Carolyn Martin, Joy Merino, Suraida Nanez-James, Cherie O'Brien, Lori Ortega, Matt Prine, Brian Riley, Juan Salas, Bubba Taylor, Katie Turner, and Elizabeth Wilson for helping to collect and process samples. Philip Caldwell produced Fig. 1. University of New Orleans students John Anderson, Danny Bond, and Sarah Fearnley also helped collect nekton samples. Ken Able provided review comments that improved the original manuscript. We thank Denise Reed for the help in securing support for nekton sampling in Area A. The Port of Fourchon (Ted Falgout, Executive Director) kindly provided access to location C. We acknowledge the Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force, NOAA Restoration Center, and NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2000 EP 2018 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9945-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT1SE UT WOS:000362580300015 ER PT J AU Pirhalla, DE Sheridan, SC Ransibrahmanakul, V Lee, CC AF Pirhalla, Douglas E. Sheridan, Scott C. Ransibrahmanakul, Varis Lee, Cameron C. TI Assessing Cold-Snap and Mortality Events in South Florida Coastal Ecosystems: Development of a Biological Cold Stress Index Using Satellite SST and Weather Pattern Forcing SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Sea surface temperature; Cold-snap mortality events; Synoptic climatology; Atmospheric circulation; Florida; Blendedmicrowave/IR SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB Water temperature is considered both a controlling and lethal factor in coastal ecosystems, influencing behavioral and physiological responses in marine organisms. Abrupt weather events such as severe cold front passages and accompanied changes in weather conditions have led to sharp decreases in water temperatures, metabolic stress, and incidences of mortality in marine organisms. In this paper, we assess the weather-related factors associated with physical and biological response in South Florida systems through historical sea surface temperature (SST) from satellites and the use of a synoptic climatology spanning over 30 years. We utilize previous categorizations of sea-level pressure and newly developed categorizations of 850-mb temperature reanalysis data to define circulation and temperature patterns across the southeastern US and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Systematic connections are seen between particular circulation and temperature patterns characteristic of enhanced north-to-south circulation and cold air outbreaks, SST, and turtle strandings data over the Florida Panhandle region for the period 2006-2013. Identified weather forcing variables associated with sharp SST decreases and turtle stuns are presented and assist in the formulation of a moving cold-stress index for South Florida coastal ecosystems. Results demonstrate the potential of using synoptic climatological analysis and derived indices for tracking and modeling changes in SST and other indicators related to biological health. C1 [Pirhalla, Douglas E.; Ransibrahmanakul, Varis] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sheridan, Scott C.; Lee, Cameron C.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Pirhalla, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM doug.pirhalla@noaa.gov FU NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Science FX We thank the personnel at the Remote Sensing Systems, Inc., data processing group, for making the blended microwave-infrared SST products available; NOAAs National Oceanographic Data Center Satellite Oceanography Team for providing consistent Pathfinder SST data products; and NOAAs Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, for providing up-to-date gridded NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis products. We thank Karsten Shein of the National Climatic Data Center for providing up-to-date in situ climatological data for multiple South Florida stations. We acknowledge and appreciate the input of Kelsey Roberts of the University of South Florida during manuscript development. Funding support for the study was provided by NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Science. Last of all, we would like to pay kind tribute and dedication to Doug Pirhalla's father, Joseph William Pirhalla, who passed away on November 3, 2013, for providing Doug with strength and inspiration during the entire writing process, and throughout life. His hugs and kind-hearted words are within his loved ones hearts, now and forever. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2310 EP 2322 DI 10.1007/s12237-014-9918-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT1SE UT WOS:000362580300035 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Fick, SE AF Kedzierski, M. A. Fick, S. E. TI Effect of Acoustic Excitation on R134a/Al2O3 Nanolubricant Mixture Boiling on a Reentrant Cavity Surface SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE acoustics; additives; aluminum oxide; boiling; enhanced heat transfer; nanolubricant; nanotechnology; refrigerants; refrigerant/lubricant mixtures; structured surface; ultrasound ID HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; ENHANCEMENT; CAVITATION; ULTRASOUND AB This paper quantifies the influence of acoustic excitation of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the pool-boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a commercial (Turbo-BIIHP) boiling surface. A nanolubricant with 10 nm diameter Al2O3 nanoparticles at a 5.1% volume fraction in the base polyolester lubricant was mixed with R134a at a 1% mass fraction. The study showed that high-frequency ultrasound at 1 MHz can improve R134a/nanolubricant boiling on a reentrant cavity surface by as much as 44%. This maximum enhancement occurred for an applied power level to the fluid of approximately 6W and a heat flux of approximately 6.9 kW/m(2). Applied power levels larger and smaller than 6W resulted in smaller boiling heat transfer enhancements. In total, five different applied power levels were studied: 0W, 4 W, 6W, 8 W, and 12 W. The largest and smallest enhancement averaged over the tested heat flux range were approximately 12% and 2% for the applied power levels of 6W and 4W, respectively. In situ insonation at 1 MHz resulted in an improved dispersion of the nanolubricant on the test surface. An existing pool-boiling model for refrigerant/nanolubricant mixtures was modified to include the effect of acoustic excitation. For heat fluxes greater than 25 kW m(-2), the model was within 4.5% of the measured heat flux ratios for mixtures, and the average agreement between measurements and predictions was approximately 1% for all power levels. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.; Fick, S. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM MAK@NIST.GOV FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0002057/004] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (Project No. DE-EE0002057/004) under Project Managers Antonio Bouza and Bahman Habibzadeh. Thanks go to Junemo Koo of Kyung Hee University and to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the draft manuscript: A. Persily and P. Domanski. Furthermore, the author extends appreciation to W. Guthrie and A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. Boiling heat transfer measurements were taken by D. Wilmering of Dakota Consulting, Inc., at the NIST laboratory. The RL68H (EMKARATE RL 68 H) was donated by K. Lilje of CPI Engineering Services, Inc. The RL68H1AlO was manufactured by Nanophase Technologies with an aluminum oxide and dispersant in RL68H especially for NIST. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 AR 111503 DI 10.1115/1.4030884 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CT0UN UT WOS:000362512900006 ER PT J AU Javni, I Bilic, O Bilic, N Petrovic, ZS Eastwood, EA Zhang, F Ilavsky, J AF Javni, Ivan Bilic, Olivera Bilic, Nikola Petrovic, Zoran S. Eastwood, Eric A. Zhang, Fan Ilavsky, Jan TI Thermoplastic polyurethanes with controlled morphology based on methylenediphenyldiisocyanate/isosorbide/butanediol hard segments SO POLYMER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE morphology; segmented polyurethanes; isosorbide; chain extender ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ELASTOMERS; DIISOCYANATE; SEPARATION; POLYMERS; SYSTEMS; LENGTH AB Isosorbide, a cyclic, rigid and renewable diol, was used as a chain extender in two series of thermoplastic polyurethanes (PUs). Isosorbide was used alone or in combination with butanediol to examine the effects on the morphology of PU. Two series of materials were prepared-one with dispersed hard domains in a matrix of polytetramethylene ether glycol soft segments of molecular weight 1400gmol(-1) (at 70wt% soft segment concentration, SSC) and the other with co-continuous soft and hard phases at 50wt% SSC. We investigated the detailed morphology of these materials with optical and atomic force microscopy, as well as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. The atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed the different morphologies in PUs with 50wt% SSC and with 70wt% SSC. Small-angle X-ray scattering data showed that in PU with 70wt% SSC, the hard domain size varied between 2.4 and 2.9nm, and decreased with increasing isosorbide content. In PU with 70wt% SSC, we found that the correlation length and average repeat distances became smaller with increasing isosorbide content. We estimated the thickness of the diffuse phase boundary for PU with 70wt% SSC to be ca 0.5nm, decreasing slightly with increasing isosorbide content. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Javni, Ivan; Bilic, Olivera; Bilic, Nikola; Petrovic, Zoran S.] Pittsburg State Univ, Kansas Polymer Res Ctr, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Eastwood, Eric A.] Honeywell FM&T LLC, Kansas City, MO 61141 USA. [Zhang, Fan] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, X ray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petrovic, ZS (reprint author), Pittsburg State Univ, Kansas Polymer Res Ctr, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. EM zpetrovic@pittstate.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU Honeywell; Division of Chemistry (CHE); Division of Materials Research (DMR); National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-1346572]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to Honeywell for funding this research. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the Divisions of Chemistry (CHE) and Materials Research (DMR), National Science Foundation, under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0959-8103 EI 1097-0126 J9 POLYM INT JI Polym. Int. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1607 EP 1616 DI 10.1002/pi.4960 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CT1NG UT WOS:000362564600015 ER PT J AU Kealoha, AK Kahng, SE Mackenzie, FT Alin, SR Kosaki, RK Brainard, RE Winn, CD AF Kealoha, Andrea K. Kahng, Samuel E. Mackenzie, Fred T. Alin, Simone R. Kosaki, Randall K. Brainard, Russell E. Winn, Christopher D. TI Latitudinal Trends and Drivers in the CO2-Carbonic Acid System of PapahAnaumokuAkea Marine National Monument SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Ocean acidification; Coral reef; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CORAL-REEF; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTH PACIFIC; INORGANIC CARBON; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CRESOL PURPLE AB Emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and the consequent effects of climate change and ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems have motivated significant interest in describing and understanding the CO2-carbonic acid system of diverse coral reef environments. Although numerous studies have been successful in monitoring reef metabolism both in the field and in the laboratory, physical and biological forcings produce distinct conditions among environments. Due to the geographic isolation and associated difficulties with measuring marine carbon chemistry in waters of the PapahAnaumokuAkea Marine National Monument (PMNM), relatively few studies have described the CO2-carbonic acid system and carbonate saturation state gradients of these waters. Yet, PMNM remains one of the largest conservation areas in the world with extensive and diverse coral reef ecosystems that could offer valuable insight into our current and future understanding about regional and global impacts of ocean acidification. In order to provide a broad overview of latitudinal trends and features of the marine carbon system in PMNM waters, continuous measurements for surface seawater fugacity of CO2 (fCO(2)) and pH were collected during August 2011 and July 2012 cruises of the NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai. These measurements indicate that pH and fCO(2) are three times more variable in nearshore monument waters relative to open ocean transect measurements. This variability can be observed up to 50 km away from the nearest reef and is likely the result of the direct and significant impact of coral reef metabolism on marine carbon chemistry around the islands and atolls. The relationship between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with net calcification which creates an alkalinity sink throughout PMNM waters. Additionally, our measurements show clear latitudinal trends in fCO(2), pH, and aragonite saturation state that are influenced by environmental forcings, including temperature, wind speed, and residence time of the water. Collectively, our results suggest that coral reefs located at the northernmost atolls of PMNM may be the most susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. C1 [Kealoha, Andrea K.; Kahng, Samuel E.; Winn, Christopher D.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Alin, Simone R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Kealoha, AK (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, 1164 Bishop St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM andreake@tamu.edu; cwinn@hpu.edu FU NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, through the Pahapahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument FX The authors would like to thank Cathy Cosca and Geoff Lebon at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. This work would not have been possible without their ongoing support through data management and mechanical expertise. We would also like to thank the NOAA Hi'ialakai ship crew including Michael Crumley and Verne Murakami for engineering and operational support, and Jackie Troller, Oscar Roig, and John Burns for their sampling support. Special thanks to Dr. Eric De Carlo, Coulson Lantz, and Bobby Thompson for the many fruitful discussions. This work was funded by NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, through the Pahapahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. This is PMEL Contribution Number 4253. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 535 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s10498-015-9273-z PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CS3PB UT WOS:000361985600004 ER PT J AU Pollnac, RB Seara, T Colburn, LL Jepson, M AF Pollnac, Richard B. Seara, Tarsila Colburn, Lisa L. Jepson, Michael TI Taxonomy of USA east coast fishing communities in terms of social vulnerability and resilience SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Fishing communities; Social indicators; Resilience; Vulnerability; Taxonomy ID ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AB Increased concern with the impacts that changing coastal environments can have on coastal fishing communities led to a recent effort by NOAA Fisheries social scientists to develop a set of indicators of social vulnerability and resilience for the U.S. Southeast and Northeast coastal communities. A goal of the NOAA Fisheries social vulnerability and resilience indicator program is to support time and cost effective use of readily available data in furtherance of both social impact assessments of proposed changes to fishery management regulations and climate change adaptation planning. The use of the indicators to predict the response to change in coastal communities would be enhanced if community level analyses could be grouped effectively. This study examines the usefulness of combining 1130 communities into 35 relevant subgroups by comparing results of a numerical taxonomy with data collected by interview methods, a process herein referred to as "ground-truthing." The validation of the taxonomic method by the method of ground-truthing indicates that the clusters are adequate to be used to select communities for in-depth research. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollnac, Richard B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Marine Affairs, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Seara, Tarsila; Colburn, Lisa L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Pollnac, RB (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Marine Affairs, 1 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM pollnac3@gmail.com; tarsila.seara@noaa.gov; lisa.l.colburn@noaa.gov; michael.jepson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA [EA 133F-11-RQ-1172] FX Funding for the research upon which the article is based was provided by a National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA contract, number EA 133F-11-RQ-1172. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of NOAA Fisheries. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0195-9255 EI 1873-6432 J9 ENVIRON IMPACT ASSES JI Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.eiar.2015.08.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS5RP UT WOS:000362136000013 ER PT J AU Kahre, MA Hollingsworth, JL Haberle, RM Wilson, RJ AF Kahre, M. A. Hollingsworth, J. L. Haberle, R. M. Wilson, R. J. TI Coupling the Mars dust and water cycles: The importance of radiative-dynamic feedbacks during northern hemisphere summer SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, climate; Atmospheres, dynamics ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ICE CLOUDS; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS AB Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) simulations are carried out with and without cloud radiative forcing to investigate feedbacks between the dust and water cycles that contribute to the middle-atmosphere polar warming during northern hemisphere summer. Compared to the simulation without clouds, the simulation with clouds produces stronger polar warming, which is in better agreement with observations. The enhanced polar warming in the presence of cloud formation is caused by a radiative-dynamic feedback between a strengthened circulation due to cloud radiative effects, vertical dust transport, and further circulation intensification. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kahre, M. A.; Hollingsworth, J. L.; Haberle, R. M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wilson, R. J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Kahre, MA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU NASA's Planetary Atmospheres Program FX NASA's Planetary Atmospheres Program funded this work. We thank Jean-Baptiste Madeleine and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments and suggestions, which helped improve this manuscript. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 260 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.017 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5YZ UT WOS:000362155500033 ER PT J AU Wang, HS Bai, SQ Chen, LD Cuenat, A Joshi, G Kleinke, H Konig, J Lee, HW Martin, J Oh, MW Porter, WD Ren, ZF Salvador, J Sharp, J Taylor, P Thompson, AJ Tseng, YC AF Wang, Hsin Bai, Shengqiang Chen, Lidong Cuenat, Alexander Joshi, Giri Kleinke, Holger Koenig, Jan Lee, Hee Woong Martin, Joshua Oh, Min-Wook Porter, Wallace D. Ren, Zhifeng Salvador, James Sharp, Jeff Taylor, Patrick Thompson, Alan J. Tseng, Y. C. TI International Round-Robin Study of the Thermoelectric Transport Properties of an n-Type Half-Heusler Compound from 300 K to 773 K SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectric; figure of merit; ZT; round-robin ID BULK THERMOELECTRICS; LEAD-TELLURIDE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FIGURE; MERIT; CRYSTAL; ZRNISN; SEMICONDUCTOR; SKUTTERUDITES; SUBSTITUTION AB International transport property-measurement round-robins have been conducted by the thermoelectric annex under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Implementing Agreement on Advanced Materials for Transportation (AMT). Two previous round-robins used commercially available bismuth telluride as the test material, with the objectives of understanding measurement issues and developing standard testing procedures. This round-robin extended the measurement temperature range to 773 K. It was designed to meet the increasing demands for reliable transport data for thermoelectric materials used for power-generation applications. Eleven laboratories from six IEA-AMT member countries participated in the study. A half-Heusler (n-type) material prepared by GMZ Energy was selected for the round-robin. The measured transport properties had a narrower distribution of uncertainty than previous round-robin results. The study intentionally included multiple testing methods and instrument types. Over the full temperature range, the measurement discrepancies for the figure of merit, ZT, in this round-robin were +/- 11.5 to +/- 16.4% from the averages. C1 [Wang, Hsin; Porter, Wallace D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bai, Shengqiang; Chen, Lidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [Cuenat, Alexander] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Joshi, Giri] GMZ Energy, Waltham, MA USA. [Kleinke, Holger] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Koenig, Jan] Fraunhofer Inst Phys Measurement Tech, Freiburg, Germany. [Lee, Hee Woong; Oh, Min-Wook] Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst, Anshan, South Korea. [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Salvador, James] Gen Motors Global R&D, Warren, MI USA. [Sharp, Jeff; Thompson, Alan J.] Marlow Ind, Dallas, TX USA. [Taylor, Patrick] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Tseng, Y. C.] CanmetMAT, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Joshi, Giri] Evident Thermoelect, Troy, NY USA. RP Wang, HS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangh2@ornl.gov RI Chen, Lidong/F-2705-2010; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU International Energy Agency; Natural Resources Canada; International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2015DFA51050]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC 05000OR22725] FX The paper describes work being conducted is part of the Implementing Agreement on Advanced Materials for Transportation under the auspices of the International Energy Agency. The authors would like to acknowledge financial support by Natural Resources Canada for the work conducted at CanmetMATERIALS, the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2015DFA51050), and the home institution of each participating laboratory. HW would like to thank the assistant secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy and the Propulsion Materials program under the Vehicle Technologies program, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC 05000OR22725. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 44 IS 11 BP 4482 EP 4491 DI 10.1007/s11664-015-4006-z PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CS2LS UT WOS:000361903000052 ER PT J AU Feng, YP Lu, K Mao, L Guo, XK Gao, SX Petersen, EJ AF Feng, Yiping Lu, Kun Mao, Liang Guo, Xiangke Gao, Shixiang Petersen, Elijah J. TI Degradation of C-14-labeled few layer graphene via Fenton reaction: Reaction rates, characterization of reaction products, and potential ecological effects SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE C-14-labeled few layer graphene; Fenton reaction; Degradation kinetics; (CO2)-C-14 generation; Quantification; Characterizations ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; OXIDE NANOSHEETS; CHEMISTRY; WATER; DEPURATION; MECHANISM; PATHWAYS AB Graphene has attracted considerable commercial interest due to its numerous potential applications. It is inevitable that graphene will be released into the environment during the production and usage of graphene-enabled consumer products, but the potential transformations of graphene in the environment are not well understood. In this study, C-14-labeled few layer graphene (FLG) enabled quantitative measurements of FLG degradation rates induced by the iron/hydrogen peroxide induced Fenton reaction. Quantification of (CO2)-C-14 production from C-14-labeled FLG revealed significant degradation of FLG after 3 days with high H2O2 (200 mmol L-1) and iron (100 mu mol L-1) concentrations but substantially lower rates under environmentally relevant conditions (0.2-20 mmol L-1 H2O2 and 4 mu mol L-1 Fe3+). Importantly, the carbon-14 labeling technique allowed for quantification of the FLG degradation rate at concentrations nearly four orders of magnitude lower than those typically used in other studies. These measurements revealed substantially faster degradation rates at lower FLG concentrations and thus studies with higher FLG concentrations may underestimate the degradation rates. Analysis of structural changes to FLG using multiple orthogonal methods revealed significant FLG oxidation and multiple reaction byproducts. Lastly, assessment of accumulation of the degraded FLG and intermediates using aquatic organism Daphnia magna revealed substantially decreased body burdens, which implied that the changes to FLG caused by the Fenton reaction may dramatically impact its potential ecological effects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Feng, Yiping; Lu, Kun; Mao, Liang; Guo, Xiangke; Gao, Shixiang] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mao, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; GAO, Shixiang/K-8702-2012 OI GAO, Shixiang/0000-0001-9066-6970 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21237001]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, Ministry of Education of China [20110091120036] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049 and 21237001), a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China, and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, Ministry of Education of China (20110091120036). NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 21 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 84 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CS5VW UT WOS:000362147400007 PM 26210029 ER PT J AU Ou-Yang, CF Chang, CC Chen, SP Chew, C Lee, BR Chang, CY Montzka, SA Dutton, GS Butler, JH Elkins, JW Wang, JL AF Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng Chang, Chih-Chung Chen, Shen-Po Chew, Clock Lee, Bo-Ru Chang, Chih-Yuan Montzka, Stephen A. Dutton, Geoffrey S. Butler, James H. Elkins, James W. Wang, Jia-Lin TI Changes in the levels and variability of halocarbons and the compliance with the Montreal Protocol from an urban view SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Montreal Protocol; Halocarbons; Ozone-depleting substances (ODS); Variability ID PEARL RIVER DELTA; ANTHROPOGENIC HALOCARBONS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RECENT TRENDS; EMISSIONS; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE; AIR; TETRACHLOROETHENE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Ambient levels and variability of major atmospheric halocarbons, i.e. CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, CCl4, CH3CCl3, C2HCl3, and C2Cl4 in a major metropolis (Taipei, Taiwan) were re-investigated after fourteen years by flask sampling in 2012. Our data indicates that the variability expressed as standard deviations (SD) of CFC-113 and CCl4 remained small (2.0 ppt and 1.9 ppt, respectively) for the 10th-90th percentile range in both sampling periods; whereas the variability of CFC-12, CFC-11, C2HCl3, and C2Cl4 measured in 2012 became noticeably smaller than observed in 1998, suggesting their emissions were reduced over time. By comparing with the background data of a global network (NOAA/ESRL/GMD baseline observatories), the ambient levels and distribution of these major halocarbons in Taipei approximated those at a background site (Mauna Loa) in 2012, suggesting that the fingerprint of the major halocarbons in a used-to-be prominent source area has gradually approached to that of the background atmosphere. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Chen, Shen-Po; Wang, Jia-Lin] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. [Chang, Chih-Chung; Chew, Clock; Lee, Bo-Ru; Chang, Chih-Yuan] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Montzka, Stephen A.; Dutton, Geoffrey S.; Butler, James H.; Elkins, James W.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dutton, Geoffrey S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM joechang@rcec.sinica.edu.tw; cwang@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/R-2271-2016; OI Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/0000-0002-8477-3013; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology [NSC 102-2113-M-008-002-MY3, NSC 102-2111-M-001-004]; Taiwan EPA FX The authors would like to thank those who participated in the campaign for the sample collection and analysis. We also deeply appreciate the Industrial Technology Research Institute in providing the trading data from their research project "Reduction Management of Control Substances under the Montreal Protocol and Analysis of Alternatives", which was financially supported by the Taiwan EPA. This study was financially subsidized by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, formerly National Science Council, under contract numbers NSC 102-2113-M-008-002-MY3 and NSC 102-2111-M-001-004. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2015 VL 138 BP 438 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.070 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS0SP UT WOS:000361772800060 PM 26160300 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, S Mukherjee, DP AF Mukherjee, Snehasis Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad TI A motion-based approach to detect persons in low-resolution video SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Person detection; Optical flow; Integral image; Image gradient; AdaBoost ID OBJECT DETECTION AB The paper proposes a motion-based technique to detect persons in a low-resolution video, where the persons look like tiny blobs. The tiny blob-like appearance of the persons are due to camera position which is at a distance from the person(s). The proposed technique uses integral matrix based different spatial and temporal features. Gradient weighted optical flow (GWOF) is calculated for each frame of the video clip to minimize background noise. Spatial filters are used to extract motion features from the GWOF based integral matrices. The combination of image gradient and GWOF features extracts static and moving persons present in the video. The AdaBoost learning technique is used for training. The training is performed using features derived from the positive samples of bounding boxes in a video frame containing a person and negative samples with bounding boxes without a person. The proposed technique is applied on benchmark Tower dataset, UT-Interaction dataset and PETS 2007 dataset. We have obtained approximately 2 to 10 % improvement in the performance compared to the states-of-the-art. C1 [Mukherjee, Snehasis] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mukherjee, Dipti Prasad] Indian Stat Inst, Elect & Commun Sci Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. RP Mukherjee, S (reprint author), NIST, Informat Access Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM snehasismukho@gmail.com; dipti@isical.ac.in NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 74 IS 21 BP 9475 EP 9490 DI 10.1007/s11042-014-2128-6 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CS1JB UT WOS:000361819200019 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Kell, LT De Oliveira, JAA Sampson, DB Punt, AE AF Thorson, James T. Kell, Laurence T. De Oliveira, Jose A. A. Sampson, David B. Punt, Andre E. TI Special Issue: Development, testing, and evaluation of data-poor assessment and fisheries management methods Introduction SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kell, Laurence T.] ICCAT Secretariat Corazon Maria, Madrid 28002, Spain. [De Oliveira, Jose A. A.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci Cefas, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. [Sampson, David B.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sampson, David B.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 171 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.08.008 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR3TZ UT WOS:000361257300001 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Cope, JM AF Thorson, James T. Cope, Jason M. TI Catch curve stock-reduction analysis: An alternative solution to the catch equations SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stock-reduction analysis; Catch curve; Catch data; Overfishing limit; Recruitment variability; Effort dynamics; Age-composition sampling; Data-poor stock assessment; Stock status ID DATA-LIMITED FISHERIES; EFFECTIVE SAMPLE-SIZE; ASSESSMENT MODELS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH STOCKS; TELL US; MANAGEMENT; AGE; VARIABILITY AB Legislative changes in the United States and elsewhere now require scientific advice on catch limits for data-poor fisheries. The family of stock reduction analysis (SRA) models is widely used to calculate sustainable harvest levels given a time series of harvest data. SRA works by solving the catch equation given an assumed value for spawning biomass relative to unfished levels in the final (or recent) year, and resulting estimates of recent fishing mortality are biased when this assumed value is mis-specified. We therefore propose to replace this assumption when estimating stock status by using compositional data in recent years to estimate a catch curve and hence estimating fishing mortality in those years. We compare this new "catch-curve stock reduction analysis" (CC-SRA) with an SRA or catch curve using simulated data for slow or fast life histories and various magnitudes of recruitment variability. Results confirm that the SRA yields biased estimates of current fishing mortality given mis-specified information about recent spawning biomass, and that the catch curve is biased due to changes in fishing mortality over time. CC-SRA, by contrast, is approximately unbiased for low or moderate recruitment variability, and less biased than other methods given high recruitment variability. We therefore recommend CC-SRA as a data-poor assessment method that incorporates compositional data collection in recent years, and suggest future management strategy evaluation given a data-poor control rule. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Cope, Jason M.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 171 SI SI BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.03.024 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR3TZ UT WOS:000361257300005 ER PT J AU Cope, JM Thorson, JT Wetzel, CR DeVore, J AF Cope, Jason M. Thorson, James T. Wetzel, Chantell R. DeVore, John TI Evaluating a prior on relative stock status using simplified age-structured models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data-limited; Stock assessments; Vulnerability; Simulation testing; Stock synthesis; Fisheries management ID DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS; REDUCTION ANALYSIS; FISH STOCKS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; METAANALYSIS; FRAMEWORK AB Fisheries management aimed to support sustainable fisheries typically operates under conditions of limited data and analytical resources. Recent developments in data-limited analytical methods have broadened the reach of science informing management. Existing approaches such as stock reduction analysis and its extensions offer simple ways to handle low data availability, but are particularly sensitive to assumptions regarding relative stock status. This study develops and introduces a prior on relative stock status using Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis vulnerability scores. Data from U.S. west coast ground-fish stocks (n=17) were used to develop and then test the performance of the new relative stock status prior. Traditional simulation testing via an operating model was not possible because vulnerability scoring could not be simulated; we instead used the "best available scientific information" (BASI) approach. This approach uses fully-realized stock assessments (deemed the best available scientific information by management entities) and reduces data content available to simpler models. The Stock Synthesis statistical catch-at-age framework was used to nest within the full assessment two simpler models that rely on stock status priors. Relative error in derived estimates of biomass and stock status were then compared to the BASI assessment. In general, the new stock status prior improved performance over the current application of stock status assumed at 40% initial biomass. Over all stocks combined, stock status showed the least amount of bias, while initial biomass was better estimated than current biomass. The BASI approach proved a useful and possibly complimentary approach to simulation testing with operating models in order to gain insight into modelling performance germane to management needs, particularly when system components (e.g., susceptibility scoring) cannot be easily simulated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cope, Jason M.; Thorson, James T.; Wetzel, Chantell R.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [DeVore, John] Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, OR 97220 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Jason.Cope@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 171 SI SI BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.07.018 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR3TZ UT WOS:000361257300011 ER PT J AU Wetzel, CR Punt, AE AF Wetzel, Chantel R. Punt, Andre E. TI Evaluating the performance of data-moderate and catch-only assessment methods for US west coast groundfish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Data-limited; Data-moderate; US west coast; Groundfish; Depletion Corrected Average Catch; Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis; Extended Depletion-Based Stock Reduction; Analysis; Extended Simple Stock Synthesis; Management strategy evaluation ID STOCK REDUCTION ANALYSIS; LIMITS AB The estimation of sustainable harvest limits for stocks that have never been assessed and have limited data available can be challenging. Harvest limits for previously un-assessed U.S. west coast groundfish have been set using catch-only methods (Depletion Corrected Average Catch [DCAC] and Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis IDB-SRA1) for data-limited stocks, as well as catch and index based methods (Extended Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis [XDB-SRA] and Extended Simple Stock Synthesis [XSSS]) for data-moderate stocks. To account for uncertainty and to prevent overfishing the harvest levels for U.S. west coast groundfish are reduced based upon the estimation method and the amount of data used. A management strategy evaluation was applied to evaluate the performance of each estimation method to provide benchmark harvest levels for two life-history types (U.S. west coast flatfish and rockfish) under varying misspecifications of the parameter distributions used by these methods. Both, data-moderate and catch-only (data-limited) methods, resulted in overfishing > 0.50 (except XSSS in select scenarios) when the simulated stock was below the relative biomass target for both life-histories. Each of the data-moderate methods (XDB-SRA and XSSS) that applied biomass index data failed to estimate the correct stock status in the first assessment when an overly optimistic prior distribution about the stock status was assumed. However, during the projection period as the biomass index lengthened, the estimates of current stock size improved for both of these estimation methods, reducing the probability of overfishing to <0.50 (except XSSS for one scenario). The ability to incorporate index data by the data-moderate methods resulted in improved estimates, as the data became more informative, for stock status and the subsequent harvest limits, that when reduced to account for uncertainty resulted in population stock sizes that either remain stable or rebuild toward the biomass targets for both life-histories. A notable exception was the performance of XDB-SRA for the flatfish life-history when the stock was at the target level and the prior was assumed correctly. In this instance the index data were non-informative, resulting in overfishing due to overly optimistic estimates of relative population size. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wetzel, Chantel R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wetzel, Chantel R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wetzel, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chantel.Wetzel@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 171 SI SI BP 170 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.005 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CR3TZ UT WOS:000361257300017 ER PT J AU Weaver, DM Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Hogg, RS Canton, M AF Weaver, Daniel M. Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr. Zydlewski, Joseph Hogg, Robert S. Canton, Michael TI Decomposition of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus carcasses: temperature effects, nutrient dynamics, and implications for stream food webs SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Petromyzon marinus; Sea lamprey; Anadromous; Temperature; Streams; Marine-derived nutrients ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA STREAMS; FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SEASONAL-CHANGES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS AB Anadromous fishes serve as vectors of marine-derived nutrients into freshwaters that are incorporated into aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Pacific salmonines Oncorhynchus spp. exemplify the importance of migratory fish as links between marine and freshwater systems; however, little attention has been given to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758) in Atlantic coastal systems. A first step to understanding the role of sea lamprey in freshwater food webs is to characterize the composition and rate of nutrient inputs. We conducted laboratory and field studies characterizing the elemental composition and the decay rates and subsequent water enriching effects of sea lamprey carcasses. Proximate tissue analysis demonstrated lamprey carcass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios of 20.2:1 (+/- 1.18 SE). In the laboratory, carcass decay resulted in liberation of phosphorus within 1 week and nitrogen within 3 weeks. Nutrient liberation was accelerated at higher temperatures. In a natural stream, carcass decomposition resulted in an exponential decline in biomass, and after 24 days, the proportion of initial biomass remaining was 27% (+/- 3.0% SE). We provide quantitative results as to the temporal dynamics of sea lamprey carcass decomposition and subsequent nutrient liberation. These nutrient subsidies may arrive at a critical time to maximize enrichment of stream food webs. C1 [Weaver, Daniel M.; Coghlan, Stephen M., Jr.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Zydlewski, Joseph] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Hogg, Robert S.] Umatilla Hatchery Monitoring & Evaluat, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Umatilla, OR 97838 USA. [Canton, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Weaver, DM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Conservat Biol, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM daniel.weaver@maine.edu FU U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; Hatch Grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [ME0-H-6-00508-138367-0H] FX We thank Lara Katz and Neil Greenberg from the University of Maine for the field and laboratory assistance and Bill Halteman for statistical guidance. Hamish Greig and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript. Oliver Cox and Richard Dill from the Maine Department of Marine Resources provided technical assistance in collecting fish. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of Maine Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology. This work is Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station Publication Number 3408 and is based on research supported in part by Hatch Grant number ME0-H-6-00508-138367-0H from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This research was performed under University of Maine approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol Number A2011-06-03. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 2015 VL 760 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2302-5 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CR7UT UT WOS:000361557700005 ER PT J AU Han, Y Wu, YH Wang, TJ Zhuang, BL Li, S Zhao, K AF Han, Yong Wu, Yonghua Wang, Tijian Zhuang, Bingliang Li, Shu Zhao, Kun TI Impacts of elevated-aerosol-layer and aerosol type on the correlation of AOD and particulate matter with ground-based and satellite measurements in Nanjing, southeast China SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AOD; PM10; PM2.5; Lidar; Satellite ID YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; OPTICAL DEPTH; LIDAR; CLOUD; URBAN; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; AERONET AB Assessment of the correlation between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and particulate matter (PM) is critical to satellite remote sensing of air quality, e.g. ground PM10 and ground PM2.5. This study evaluates the impacts of aloft-aerosol-plume and aerosol-type on the correlation of AOD-PM by using synergistic measurement of a polarization-sensitive Raman-Mie lidar, CIMEL sunphotometer (SP) and TEOM PM samplers, as well as the satellite MODIS and CALIPSO, during April to July 2011 in Nanjing city (32.05 degrees N/118.77 degrees E), southeast China. Aloft-aerosol-layer and aerosol types (e.g. dust and non-dust or urban aerosol) are identified with the range-resolved polarization lidar and SP measurements. The results indicate that the correlations for AOD-PM10 and AOD-PM2.5 can be much improved when screening out the aloft-aerosol-layer. The linear regression slopes show significant differences for the dust and non-dust dominant aerosols in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In addition, we evaluate the recent released MODIS-AOD product (Collection 6) from the "dark-target" (DT) and "deep-blue" (DB) algorithms and their correlation with the PM in Nanjing urban area. The results verify that the MODIS-DT AODs show a good correlation (R = 0.89) with the SP-AOD but with a systematic overestimate. In contrast, the MODIS-DB AOD shows a moderate correlation (R= 0.66) with the SP-AOD but with a smaller regression intercept (0.07). Furthermore, the moderately high correlations between the MODIS-AOD and PM10 (PM2.5) are indicated, which suggests the feasibility of PM estimate using the MODIS-AOD in Nanjing city. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Yong; Wang, Tijian; Zhuang, Bingliang; Li, Shu; Zhao, Kun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yonghua] CUNY, City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), CUNY, City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM yhwu@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41075012, 40805006]; National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China [2013CB430101, 2011CB403406, 2014CB441203]; NOAA [NA11SEC4810004] FX This work was jointly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC#) (Grant nos. 41075012 and 40805006) and the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (2013CB430101, 2011CB403406, and 2014CB441203). Y. Wu is supported by the research project of NOAA #NA11SEC4810004. The authors gratefully acknowledge the dataset from the NASA-MODIS, CALIPSO and NRL-NAAPS model teams, and Nanjing Environment Monitoring Center, China. Chenbo Xie from Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, China, helps for the lidar installation and maintenance. Dr. Bomidi L. Madhavan from the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Germany, helps correct the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledged the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers that greatly improve the manuscript. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 532 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.136 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ0LD UT WOS:000360286500019 PM 26071961 ER PT J AU Seppala, JE Heo, Y Stutzman, PE Sieber, JR Snyder, CR Rice, KD Holmes, GA AF Seppala, Jonathan E. Heo, Yoonae Stutzman, Paul E. Sieber, John R. Snyder, Chad R. Rice, Kirk D. Holmes, Gale A. TI Characterization of clay composite ballistic witness materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY SHEAR; FOURIER-TRANSFORM RHEOLOGY; SEQUENCE; LAOS AB Mechanical and thermal properties of Roma Plastilina Clay #1 (RP1) were studied through small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS), large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), supplemented with thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray florescence. Rheological characterizations of RP1 through SAOS indicate that the clay composite softens as it is worked and slowly stiffens as it rests. Upon heating, the clay composite softens, prior work history is erased, and the composite undergoes a melting transition, although melted clay is significantly stiffer when returned to the usage temperature. Continuing mechanical characterizations into the LAOS or nonlinear region, RP1 transitions from a transient network to a viscous shear-thinning material as the temperature is increased. Using the MITlaos framework, RP1 exhibits intra-cycle strain stiffening and intra-cycle shear thinning at all temperatures. C1 [Seppala, Jonathan E.; Snyder, Chad R.; Holmes, Gale A.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heo, Yoonae] Montgomery Coll, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stutzman, Paul E.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sieber, John R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rice, Kirk D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seppala, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathan.seppala@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 50 IS 21 BP 7048 EP 7057 DI 10.1007/s10853-015-9259-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CP3VR UT WOS:000359811300020 ER PT J AU Koner, PK Harris, A Maturi, E AF Koner, Prabhat K. Harris, Andrew Maturi, Eileen TI A Physical Deterministic Inverse Method for Operational Satellite Remote Sensing: An Application for Sea Surface Temperature Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Condition number of matrix; ill-conditioned inverse methods; regularization; satellite remote sensing; sea surface temperature (SST); total error; total least squares (TLS) ID TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; REGULARIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHMS; SPACE; SKIN AB We propose a new deterministic approach for remote sensing retrieval, called modified total least squares (MTLS), built upon the total least squares (TLS) technique. MTLS implicitly determines the optimal regularization strength to be applied to the normal equation first-order Newtonian retrieval using all of the noise terms embedded in the residual vector. The TLS technique does not include any constraint to prevent noise enhancement in the state space parameters from the existing noise in measurement space for an inversion with an ill-conditioned Jacobian. To stabilize the noise propagation into parameter space, we introduce an additional empirically derived regularization proportional to the logarithm of the condition number of the Jacobian and inversely proportional to the L2-norm of the residual vector. The derivation, operational advantages and use of the MTLS method are demonstrated by retrieving sea surface temperature from GOES-13 satellite measurements. An analytic equation is derived for the total retrieval error, and is shown to agree well with the observed error. This can also serve as a quality indicator for pixel-level retrievals. We also introduce additional tests from the MTLS solutions to identify contaminated pixels due to residual clouds, error in the water vapor profile and aerosols. Comparison of the performances of our new and other methods, namely, optimal estimation and regression-based retrieval, is performed to understand the relative prospects and problems associated with these methods. This was done using operational match-ups for 42 months of data, and demonstrates a relatively superior temporally consistent performance of the MTLS technique. C1 [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew; Maturi, Eileen] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Koner, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Koner, Prabhat/C-3407-2012 FU NESDIS Product Systems Development and Implementation program through NOAA [NA09ES4400006] FX Manuscript received August 19, 2014; revised January 24, 2015 and March 5, 2015; accepted April 8, 2015. This work was supported by the NESDIS Product Systems Development and Implementation program through NOAA Grant NA09ES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 5872 EP 5888 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2424219 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0BP UT WOS:000359541100007 ER PT J AU Moradi, I Ferraro, RR Eriksson, P Weng, FZ AF Moradi, Isaac Ferraro, Ralph R. Eriksson, Patrick Weng, Fuzhong TI Intercalibration and Validation of Observations From ATMS and SAPHIR Microwave Sounders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; hydrology; Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS); microwave; remote sensing; water vapor ID LOWER TROPOSPHERE; DATA RECORD; CLOUD ICE; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; SENSOR; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVALS; RADIOSONDE; PRELAUNCH AB This paper evaluates the radiometric accuracy of observations from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership and Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d' Humidite Intropicale par Radiometrie (SAPHIR) onboard Megha-Tropiques through intercalibration and validation versus in situ radiosonde and Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) observations. SAPHIR and ATMS water vapor channels operate at slightly different frequencies. We calculated the bias due to radiometric errors as the difference between the observed and simulated differences between the two instruments. This difference, which is often referred to as double difference, ranges between 0.3 and 0.7 K, which shows good consistency between the instruments. We used a radiative transfer model to simulate the satellite brightness temperatures (Tbs) using radiosonde and GPS-RO profiles and then compared simulated and observed Tbs. The difference between radiosonde and ATMS Tbs for the middle and upper tropospheric temperature sounding channels was less than 0.5 K at most stations, but the difference between radiosonde and ATMS/SAPHIR Tbs for water vapor channels was between 0.5 and 2.0 K. The larger bias for the water vapor channels is mainly due to several errors in radiosonde humidity observations. The mean differences between the ATMS observations and the Tbs simulated using GPS-RO profiles were 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2, and -0.2 K for channels 10-14, respectively; and the uncertainty increases from 0.02 K for channel 10 to 0.07 K for channel 14. C1 [Moradi, Isaac] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Moradi, Isaac] NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Eriksson, Patrick] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Isaac.Moradi@noaa.gov RI Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009; Moradi, Isaac/A-7539-2008; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479; Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NES4400006] FX Manuscript received October 16, 2014; revised February 4, 2015; accepted April 16, 2015. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 5915 EP 5925 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2427165 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CP0BP UT WOS:000359541100010 ER PT J AU Little, CE Russek, SE Booth, JC Kabos, P Usselman, RJ AF Little, CharlesA. E. Russek, Stephen E. Booth, James C. Kabos, Pavel Usselman, Robert J. TI On-wafer magnetic resonance of magnetite nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic nanoparticles; Magnetite; Magnetic resonance ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IRON; BAND; FILTERS AB Magnetic resonance measurements of ferumoxytol and TEMPO were made using an on-wafer transmission line technique with a vector network analyzer, allowing for broadband measurements of small sample volumes (4 nL) and small numbers of spins (1 nmol). On-wafer resonance measurements were compared with standard single-frequency cavity-based electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using a new power conservation approach and the results show similar line shape. On-wafer magnetic resonance measurements using integrated microfluidics and microwave technology can significantly reduce the cost and sample volumes required for EPR spectral analysis and allow for integration of EPR with existing lab-on-a-chip processing and characterization techniques for point-of-care medical diagnostic applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Little, CharlesA. E.; Russek, Stephen E.; Booth, James C.; Kabos, Pavel; Usselman, Robert J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Little, CE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM caelittle@gmail.com; stephen.russek@nist.gov; james.booth@nist.gov; pavel.kabos@nist.gov; robertusselman@gmail.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 393 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.05.025 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CM4KG UT WOS:000357652800003 ER PT J AU Blasic, JR Worcester, DL Gawrisch, K Gurnev, P Mihailescu, M AF Blasic, Joseph R. Worcester, David L. Gawrisch, Klaus Gurnev, Philip Mihailescu, Mihaela TI Pore Hydration States of KcsA Potassium Channels in Membranes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BILAYER STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION DATA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; K+ CHANNEL; X-RAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYTOCHROME P450CAM; JOINT REFINEMENT; VOLUME CHANGES; ION-CHANNEL AB Water-filled hydrophobic cavities in channel proteins serve as gateways for transfer of ions across membranes, but their properties are largely unknown. We determined water distributions along the conduction pores in two tetrameric channels embedded in lipid bilayers using neutron diffraction: potassium channel KcsA and the transmembrane domain of M2 protein of influenza A virus. For the KcsA channel in the closed state, the distribution of water is peaked in the middle of the membrane, showing water in the central cavity adjacent to the selectivity filter. This water is displaced by the channel blocker tetrabutylammonium. The amount of water associated with the channel was quantified, using neutron diffraction and solid state NMR. In contrast, the M2 proton channel shows a V-shaped water profile across the membrane, with a narrow constriction at the center, like the hourglass shape of its internal surface. These two types of water distribution are therefore very different in their connectivity to the bulk water. The water and protein profiles determined here provide important evidence concerning conformation and hydration of channels in membranes and the potential role of pore hydration in channel gating. C1 [Blasic, Joseph R.; Mihailescu, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Worcester, David L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Worcester, David L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gawrisch, Klaus] NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gurnev, Philip] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Gurnev, Philip] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Mihailescu, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM emihailescu@ibbr.umd.edu FU National Research Council; NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative FX We thank Crina Nimigean for providing the KcsA plasmid and Jun Wang and William F. DeGrado for the M2 peptide. We also thank Kenton Swartz, Dmitriy Krepkiy (NINDS, National Institutes of Health), and Stephen H. White (University of California, Irvine) for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the National Research Council for the postdoctoral fellowship awarded to J. B. We acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities and the support provided by NIST Biomanufacturing Initiative. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 290 IS 44 BP 26765 EP U472 DI 10.1074/jbc.M115.661819 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CW2AO UT WOS:000364793600038 PM 26370089 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Kimball, JS Nemani, RR Running, SW Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Yu, ZB AF Zhang, Ke Kimball, John S. Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Running, Steven W. Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Yu, Zhongbo TI Vegetation Greening and Climate Change Promote Multidecadal Rises of Global Land Evapotranspiration SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; FOREST; TRENDS; EVAPORATION; INCREASE; CARBON; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation productivity and ceased growth in land evapotranspiration (ET). However, natural variability of Earth's climate system can degrade capabilities for identifying climate trends. Here we produced a long-term (1982-2013) remote sensing based land ET record and investigated multidecadal changes in global ET and underlying causes. The ET record shows a significant upward global trend of 0.88 mm yr(-2) (P < 0.001) over the 32-year period, mainly driven by vegetation greening (0.018% per year; P < 0.001) and rising atmosphere moisture demand (0.75 mm yr(-2); P = 0.016). Our results indicate that reduced ET growth between 1998 and 2008 was an episodic phenomenon, with subsequent recovery of the ET growth rate after 2008. Terrestrial precipitation also shows a positive trend of 0.66 mm yr(-2) (P = 0.08) over the same period consistent with expected water cycle intensification, but this trend is lower than coincident increases in evaporative demand and ET, implying a possibility of cumulative water supply constraint to ET. Continuation of these trends will likely exacerbate regional drought-induced disturbances, especially during regional dry climate phases associated with strong El Nino events. C1 [Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesosacle Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke; Yu, Zhongbo] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Kimball, John S.; Running, Steven W.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesosacle Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kezhang@ou.edu RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [P.L. 113-2]; NOAA research grant [NA14OAR4830100]; USGS South Central Climate Science Center at the University of Oklahoma [G13AC00386]; "Thousand Young Talents" Program in China; NASA Earth Science program [NNX15AB59G, NNX11AD46G] FX This work was supported by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which funded NOAA research grant NA14OAR4830100, the USGS South Central Climate Science Center at the University of Oklahoma through Grant #G13AC00386, the "Thousand Young Talents" Program in China, and grants (NNX15AB59G and NNX11AD46G) from the NASA Earth Science program. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15956 DI 10.1038/srep15956 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU7YH UT WOS:000363757300001 PM 26514110 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Torgersen, CE Lawler, JJ Faux, RN Steel, EA Beechie, TJ Ebersole, JL Leibowitz, SG AF Fullerton, Aimee H. Torgersen, Christian E. Lawler, Joshua J. Faux, Russell N. Steel, E. Ashley Beechie, Timothy J. Ebersole, Joseph L. Leibowitz, Scott G. TI Rethinking the longitudinal stream temperature paradigm: region-wide comparison of thermal infrared imagery reveals unexpected complexity of river temperatures SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE water temperature; remote sensing; longitudinal profile; spatial pattern ID WATER TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; OREGON; DYNAMICS; SALMON; VARIABILITY AB Prevailing theory suggests that stream temperature warms asymptotically in a downstream direction, beginning at the temperature of the source in the headwaters and levelling off downstream as it converges to match meteorological conditions. However, there have been few empirical examples of longitudinal patterns of temperature in large rivers due to a paucity of data. We constructed longitudinal thermal profiles (temperature vs distance) for 53 rivers in the Pacific Northwest (USA) using an extensive data set of remotely sensed summertime river temperatures and classified each profile into one of five patterns of downstream warming: asymptotic (increasing then flattening), linear (increasing steadily), uniform (not changing), parabolic (increasing then decreasing), or complex (not fitting other classes). We evaluated (1) how frequently profiles warmed asymptotically downstream as expected, and (2) whether relationships between river temperature and common hydroclimatic variables differed by profile class. We found considerable diversity in profile shape, with 47% of rivers warming asymptotically and 53% having alternative profile shapes. Water temperature did not warm substantially over the course of the river for coastal parabolic and uniform profiles, and for some linear and complex profiles. Profile classes showed no clear geographical trends. The degree of correlation between river temperature and hydroclimatic variables differed among profile classes, but there was overlap among classes. Water temperature in rivers with asymptotic or parabolic profiles was positively correlated with August air temperature, tributary temperature and velocity, and negatively correlated with elevation, August precipitation, gradient and distance upstream. Conversely, associations were less apparent in rivers with linear, uniform or complex profiles. Factors contributing to the unique shape of parabolic profiles differed for coastal and inland rivers, where downstream cooling was influenced locally by climate or cool water inputs, respectively. Potential drivers of shape for complex profiles were specific to each river. These thermal patterns indicate diverse thermal habitats that may promote resilience of aquatic biota to climate change. Without this spatial context, climate change models may incorrectly estimate loss of thermally suitable habitat. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Faux, Russell N.] Quantum Spatial Inc, Corvallis, OR USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Ebersole, Joseph L.; Leibowitz, Scott G.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Advanced Studies Program FX Individual river temperature surveys and image processing were conducted by R. Faux, Watershed Sciences Inc., except for rivers in the Salmon and Clearwater basins in Idaho, the data for which were provided by D. Essig of the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality. We are grateful to the many local, state, federal, tribal and nongovernmental organizations that funded the collection of these data for water quality monitoring and assessment. A.H.F. was supported by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Advanced Studies Program. We thank P.M. Kiffney, N.J. Mantua, S.G. Smith and three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript, and B.J. Burke for statistical advice. The information in this document has been subjected to peer and administrative review and is approved for publication by NOAA, USGS, EPA and USFS. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 22 BP 4719 EP 4737 DI 10.1002/hyp.10506 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CU1JN UT WOS:000363277400005 ER PT J AU Tomaszewicz, CNT Seminoff, JA Ramirez, MD Kurle, CM AF Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Ramirez, Matthew D. Kurle, Carolyn M. TI Effects of demineralization on the stable isotope analysis of bone samples SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; GREEN TURTLES; FOOD-WEB; TEMPORAL VARIATION; FORAGING ECOLOGY; SEA-TURTLES; TISSUE-TYPE; CARBON; NITROGEN; DIET AB RationaleThe sampling of sequential, annually formed bone growth layers for stable carbon (C-13 values) and nitrogen (N-15 values) isotope analysis (SIA) can provide a time series of foraging ecology data. To date, no standard protocol exists for the pre-SIA treatment of cortical samples taken from fresh, modern, bones. MethodsBased on the SIA of historical bone, it is assumed that fresh bone samples must be pre-treated with acid prior to SIA. Using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure stable carbon and nitrogen ratios, we tested the need to acidify cortical bone powder with 0.25 M HCl prior to SIA to isolate bone collagen for the determination of C-13 and N-15 values. We also examined the need for lipid extraction to remove potential biases related to C-13 analysis, based on a C:N ratio threshold of 3.5. ResultsIt was found that acidification of micromilled cortical bone samples from marine turtles does not affect their N-15 values, and the small effect acidification has on C-13 values can be mathematically corrected for, thus eliminating the need for pre-SIA acidification of cortical bone. The lipid content of the cortical bone samples was low, as measured by their C:N ratios, indicating that lipid extracting cortical bone samples from modern marine turtles is unnecessary. ConclusionsWe present a standard protocol for testing fresh, modern cortical bone samples prior to SIA, facilitating direct comparison of future studies. Based on the results obtained from marine turtle bones, pre-acidification and lipid removal of cortical bone are not recommended. This is especially useful as there is frequently not enough bone material removed via micromilling of sequential growth layers to accommodate both acid treatment and SIA. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Kurle, Carolyn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tomaszewicz, Calandra N. Turner; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ramirez, Matthew D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Tomaszewicz, CNT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, 9500 Gilman Dr,0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cturnert@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; University of California San Diego (UCSD); Cell and Molecular Genetics Training Program; Jeanne Messier Memorial Fellowship; ARCS Foundation Scholarship; Hearts de Vite Research Grant; Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center as part of NOAA Educational Partnership Program; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; US Fish & Wildlife Service; NMFS-SWFSC; Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NOAA) [FNA05NMF4411092]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; [NIH T32 GM007240]; [150496-213-03]; [280597-213-03]; [190698-213-03]; [280499-213-03]; [280700-213-03]; [SGPA/DGVS/002 4661]; [SGPA/DGVS/10358]; [SGPA/ DGVS/03501/06]; [SGPA/DGVS/03406/07]; [SGPA/DGVS/03481/09]; [SGPA/DGVS/04990/10]; [SGPA/DGVS/04568/11] FX We acknowledge H. Peckham, J. M. Rodriguez-Baron, V. de la Toba and C. Lucero, and the National Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network, for sample collection and preparation. We thank also J. Shurin for assistance with data analysis. We thank J. Curtis for the SIA of Pacific samples conducted at the University of Florida, Gainsville and J. McKay for processing Atlantic samples at the Oregon State University Stable Isotope Laboratory. Thanks also to M. Schoeninger, M. Beasley, and N. Burt for collaboration and input on sample processing for SIA of collagen. Additional thanks to E. LaCasella, R. LeRoux, J. Schumacher, G. Serra-Valente, J. Hinke, M. Kinney, M. McCartha and E. Parks for assistance with CITES imports, sample processing, and publication prep. This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries, and C.T.T. was supported by the University of California San Diego (UCSD), NIH T32 GM007240 Cell and Molecular Genetics Training Program, Jeanne Messier Memorial Fellowship, ARCS Foundation Scholarship, and a Hearts de Vite Research Grant. M.R. was supported by the Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center as part of the NOAA Educational Partnership Program and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. Additional support was provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service, NMFS-SWFSC, Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NOAA Grant FNA05NMF4411092), and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. For samples originating in Mexico, all research activities and permits were authorized by the Mexican government through SEMARNAP and SEMARNAT permits 150496-213-03, 280597-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03, 280700-213-03, SGPA/DGVS/002 4661, SGPA/DGVS/10358, SGPA/ DGVS/03501/06, SGPA/DGVS/03406/07, SGPA/DGVS/03481/09, SGPA/DGVS/04990/10, and SGPA/DGVS/04568/11. All exported and imported CITES regulated samples were authorized by the Mexican government through export permit numbers MX-58124 and MX-64301, and the United States government through import permit numbers 11US844694/9 and 12US844694/9. Atlantic samples all originated from the US and samples were obtained under USFWS Permit # TE-676379-5. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 20 BP 1879 EP 1888 DI 10.1002/rcm.7295 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CS6RG UT WOS:000362208200004 PM 26411509 ER PT J AU Kleiner, I Hougen, JT AF Kleiner, Isabelle Hougen, Jon T. TI A Hybrid Program for Fitting Rotationally Resolved Spectra of Floppy Molecules with One Large-Amplitude Rotatory Motion and One Large-Amplitude Oscillatory Motion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; 1ST TORSIONAL STATE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; METHYL AMINE; DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PROTON-TRANSFER; WATER DIMER; ASSIGNMENT AB A new hybrid-model fitting program for methylamine-like molecules has been developed, on the basis of an effective Hamiltonian in which the ammonia-like inversion motion is treated using a tunneling formalism, whereas the internal-rotation motion is treated using an explicit kinetic energy operator and potential energy function. The Hamiltonian in the computer program is set up as a 2 x 2 partitioned matrix, where each diagonal block contains a traditional torsion rotation Hamiltonian (as in the earlier program BELGI), and the two off-diagonal blocks contain tunneling terms. This hybrid formulation permits the use of the permutation-inversion group G(6) (isomorphic to C-3v) for terms in the two diagonal blocks but requires G(12) for terms in the off-diagonal blocks. The first application of the new program is to 2-methylmalonaldehyde. Microwave data for this molecule were previously fit using an all-tunneling Hamiltonian formalism to treat both large-amplitude motions. For 2-methylmalonaldehyde, the hybrid program achieves the same quality of fit as was obtained with the all-tunneling program, but fits with the hybrid program eliminate a large discrepancy between internal rotation barriers in the OH and OD isotopologs of 2-methylmalonaldehyde that arose in fits with the all-tunneling program. This large isotopic shift in internal rotation barrier is thus almost certainly an artifact of the all-tunneling model. Other molecules for application of the hybrid program are mentioned. C1 [Kleiner, Isabelle] Univ Paris Est, CNRS IPSL, LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kleiner, Isabelle] Univ Paris Diderot, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris Est, CNRS IPSL, LISA, UMR 7583, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM Isabelle.kleiner@lisa.u-pec.fr FU French Programme National de Physique Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) FX I.K. would like to thank the French Programme National de Physique Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire (PCMI) for funding some of the present project. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 43 BP 10664 EP 10676 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08437 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CV1DZ UT WOS:000363995100005 PM 26439709 ER PT J AU Li, RB Zhu, CJ Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Li, R. B. Zhu, C. J. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Zero to pi continuously controllable cross-phase modulation in a Doppler-broadened N-type electromagnetically-induced-transparency medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate an observation of zero to pi continuously controllable cross-phase-modulation based on an N-type electromagnetically-induced-transparency scheme in a room-temperature Rb-87 vapor. We theoretically and experimentally show that the signal field acquires a pi phase shift compared with the reference light in the presence of the phase-control field. Using the method of the optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate that a zero to pi continuously controllable phase gate can be built by modulating the phase-control field. In addition, our theoretical calculation agrees well with the experimental observation, and the results presented in this work hold potential applications for the orthogonal polarization or vector gate in quantum information processing. C1 [Li, R. B.; Zhu, C. J.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Zhu, C. J.] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Li, RB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rbli@wipm.ac.cn; cjzhu@tongji.edu.cn FU Shanghai Science and Technology Committee [15YF1412400]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11504272] FX C.Z. acknowledges the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 15YF1412400) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504272). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 043838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.043838 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CU8JV UT WOS:000363789500008 ER PT J AU Moroz, S D'Incao, JP Petrov, DS AF Moroz, Sergej D'Incao, Jose P. Petrov, Dmitry S. TI Generalized Efimov Effect in One Dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; 3-BODY PROBLEM; ENERGY-LEVELS; MODEL; STATE AB We study a one-dimensional quantum problem of two particles interacting with a third one via a scaleinvariant subcritically attractive inverse square potential, which can be realized, for example, in a mixture of dipoles and charges confined to one dimension. We find that above a critical mass ratio, this version of the Calogero problem exhibits the generalized Efimov effect, the emergence of discrete scale invariance manifested by a geometric series of three-body bound states with an accumulation point at zero energy. C1 [Moroz, Sergej; D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moroz, Sergej] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrov, Dmitry S.] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LPTMS, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Moroz, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sergej.moroz@colorado.edu; jpdincao@jila.colorado.edu; dmitry.petrov@u-psud.fr FU NSF [DMR-1001240]; U.S. National Science Foundation; IFRAF Institute; European Research Council under European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FR7) [341197] FX We thank S. Endo, O. Kartavtsev, Y. Nishida, and S. Tan for useful suggestions. We are grateful to V. Efimov for discussions concerning the qualitative nature of the energy spectrum. This research was partially supported by the NSF through DMR-1001240. S. M. is grateful for hospitality to Institute for Nuclear Theory in Seattle, where this work was partially done. J. P. D. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation. D. S. P. acknowledges support from the IFRAF Institute. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FR7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement No. 341197). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 18 AR 180406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.180406 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CU8JF UT WOS:000363787600003 PM 26565445 ER PT J AU Bernard, E Titov, V AF Bernard, Eddie Titov, Vasily TI Evolution of tsunami warning systems and products SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE tsunami; tsunami warnings; deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis; tsunami flooding forecasts; tsunami-induced current forecasts; tsunami magnitude scale ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI AB Each year, about 60 000 people and $4 billion (US$) in assets are exposed to the global tsunami hazard. Accurate and reliable tsunami warning systems have been shown to provide a significant defence for this flooding hazard. However, the evolution of warning systems has been influenced by two processes: deadly tsunamis and available technology. In this paper, we explore the evolution of science and technology used in tsunami warning systems, the evolution of their products using warning technologies, and offer suggestions for a new generation of warning products, aimed at the flooding nature of the hazard, to reduce future tsunami impacts on society. We conclude that coastal communities would be well served by receiving three standardized, accurate, real-time tsunami warning products, namely (i) tsunami energy estimate, (ii) flooding maps and (iii) tsunami-induced harbour current maps to minimize the impact of tsunamis. Such information would arm communities with vital flooding guidance for evacuations and port operations. The advantage of global standardized flooding products delivered in a common format is efficiency and accuracy, which leads to effectiveness in promoting tsunami resilience at the community level. C1 [Bernard, Eddie; Titov, Vasily] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bernard, E (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eddie.bernard@comcast.net OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 2053 AR 20140371 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0371 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY2VT UT WOS:000366267000003 ER PT J AU Kanoglu, U Titov, V Bernard, E Synolakis, C AF Kanoglu, U. Titov, V. Bernard, E. Synolakis, C. TI Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE tsunami; tsunami hazard; early warning; forecasting; mitigation ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; LARGE SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; 2004 SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; REAL-TIME TSUNAMI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIELD SURVEY; SUBDUCTION PROCESS; CIRCULAR ISLAND; STORM-SURGE AB Tsunamis are high-impact, long-duration disasters that in most cases allow for only minutes of warning before impact. Since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, there have been significant advancements in warning methodology, pre-disaster preparedness and basic understanding of related phenomena. Yet, the trail of destruction of the 2011 Japan tsunami, broadcast live to a stunned world audience, underscored the difficulties of implementing advances in applied hazard mitigation. We describe state of the art methodologies, standards for warnings and summarize recent advances in basic understanding, and identify cross-disciplinary challenges. The stage is set to bridge science, engineering and society to help build up coastal resilience and reduce losses. C1 [Kanoglu, U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Titov, V.; Bernard, E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Synolakis, C.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Synolakis, C.] Tech Univ Crete, Sch Environm Engn, Khania, Greece. RP Synolakis, C (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM costas@usc.edu RI Kanoglu, Utku/F-9037-2012; OI Kanoglu, Utku/0000-0002-5952-0954; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829; Bernard, Eddie/0000-0003-0054-2582 FU project ASTARTE-Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe [603839]; project ASTARTE-Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe, 7th FP [ENV.2013.6.4-3 ENV.2013.6.4-3]; US National Science Foundation [CMMI-1538624]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [4369] FX This writing was partially supported by the project ASTARTE-Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe. Grant no. 603839, 7th FP (ENV.2013.6.4-3 ENV.2013.6.4-3) to the Technical University of Crete and the Middle East Technical University (METU). C.E.S. also acknowledges the US National Science Foundation award CMMI-1538624. This study was partially funded by the NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) contribution no. 4369. NR 129 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 2053 AR 20140369 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0369 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CY2VT UT WOS:000366267000001 ER PT J AU Monteiro, PMS Gregor, L Levy, M Maenner, S Sabine, CL Swart, S AF Monteiro, Pedro M. S. Gregor, Luke Levy, Marina Maenner, Stacy Sabine, Christopher L. Swart, Sebastiaan TI Intraseasonal variability linked to sampling alias in air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO2; fluxes; Southern Ocean; sampling; alias ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; ATLAS SOCAT; TRENDS; SINK; MAGNITUDE; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; SCALE AB The Southern Ocean (SO) contributes most of the uncertainty in contemporary estimates of the mean annual flux of carbon dioxide CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. Attempts to reduce this uncertainty have aimed at resolving the seasonal cycle of the fugacity of CO2 (fCO(2)). We use hourly CO2 flux and driver observations collected by the combined deployment of ocean gliders to show that resolving the seasonal cycle is not sufficient to reduce the uncertainty of the flux of CO2 to below the threshold required to reveal climatic trends in CO2 fluxes. This was done by iteratively subsampling the hourly CO2 data set at various time intervals. We show that because of storm-linked intraseasonal variability in the spring-late summer, sampling intervals longer than 2 days alias the seasonal mean flux estimate above the required threshold. Moreover, the regional nature and long-term trends in storm characteristics may be an important influence in the future role of the SO in the carbon-climate system. C1 [Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Gregor, Luke; Swart, Sebastiaan] CSIR, Southern Ocean Carbon Climate Observ, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Gregor, Luke; Swart, Sebastiaan] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Levy, Marina] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS IRD MNHN, Simon Laplace,Lab Oceanog & Climat,Inst Pierre, Paris, France. [Maenner, Stacy; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Monteiro, PMS (reprint author), CSIR, Southern Ocean Carbon Climate Observ, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM pmonteir@csir.co.za RI Levy, Marina/A-1315-2012; OI Swart, Sebastiaan/0000-0002-2251-8826 FU NRF [80253]; Department of Environment Affairs; project SOCCLI [PIRSES-GA-2012-317699]; project Carbochange [264879] FX The authors acknowledge their institutional support (PM, LG, SS: CSIR Parliamentary Grant and Africa Centre for Earth Systems Science), CLS: PMEL contribution 4341, The Department of Science and Technology in South Africa for funding the robotic infrastructure and NRF for supporting this research (grant 80253). We also deeply appreciative of the support that SOSCEx II got from the Department of Environment Affairs through time on the logistics cruises of the R/V S.A. Agulhas II as well as its captain, officers, and crew. The fieldwork component would not have been possible without the support of the marine engineers and glider pilots at the CSIR's South African Marine Engineering and Robotics Centre (SAMERC) in partnership with Sea Technology Services. This paper is a contribution to EUFP7 projects SOCCLI (PIRSES-GA-2012-317699) and Carbochange (grant 264879). The Globcolour Project supplied the blended ocean color data. This CO2 data will be made available through the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Centre. We also thank Bianca Bird for drawing the conceptual model in Figure 3. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8507 EP 8514 DI 10.1002/2015GL066009 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW1WL UT WOS:000364782500031 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Horowitz, LW Cooper, OR Tarasick, D Conley, S Iraci, LT Johnson, B Leblanc, T Petropavlovskikh, I Yates, EL AF Lin, Meiyun Horowitz, Larry W. Cooper, Owen R. Tarasick, David Conley, Stephen Iraci, Laura T. Johnson, Bryan Leblanc, Thierry Petropavlovskikh, Irina Yates, Emma L. TI Revisiting the evidence of increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; ASIAN EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; TRENDS; SPACE AB We present a 20year time series of in situ free tropospheric ozone observations above western North America during springtime and interpret results using hindcast simulations (1980-2014) conducted with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global chemistry-climate model (GFDL AM3). Revisiting the analysis of Cooper et al. (2010), we show that sampling biases can substantially influence calculated trends. AM3 cosampled in space and time with observations reproduces the observed ozone trend (0.65 +/- 0.32 ppbvyr(-1)) over 1995-2008 (in simulations either with or without time-varying emissions), whereas AM3 "true median" with continuous temporal and spatial sampling indicates an insignificant trend (0.25 +/- 0.32 ppbvyr(-1)). Extending this analysis to 1995-2014, we find a weaker ozone trend of 0.31 +/- 0.21 ppbvyr(-1) from observations and 0.36 +/- 0.18 ppbvyr(-1) from AM3 "true median." Rising Asian emissions and global methane contribute to this increase. While interannual variability complicates the attribution of ozone trends, multidecadal hindcasts can aid in the estimation of robust confidence limits for trends based on sparse observational records. C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Cooper, Owen R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Johnson, Bryan; Petropavlovskikh, Irina] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tarasick, David] Environm Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Conley, Stephen] Sci Aviat, Roseville, CA USA. [Iraci, Laura T.; Yates, Emma L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Meiyun.Lin@noaa.gov RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition-Aura Science Team [NNH13ZDA001N-AURAST]; NASA Ames Research Center [H211] FX This work is supported by funding from NASA Atmospheric Composition-Aura Science Team (NNH13ZDA001N-AURAST) to M. Lin and O.R. Cooper. We acknowledge the NOAA/GMD/CCGG Aircraft Project (PI: Colm Sweeney) and support of NASA Ames Research Center partnered with H211 L. L. C. (Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment) for their role in collecting ozone samples. We are grateful to V. Naik, F. Paulot, and D.D. Parrish for reviewing an earlier version of the paper. Model simulations are archived at GFDL and are available to the public upon request to M. Lin. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 20 BP 8719 EP 8728 DI 10.1002/2015GL065311 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CW1WL UT WOS:000364782500056 ER PT J AU Maier, RA Pomorski, TA Lenahan, PM Randall, CA AF Maier, R. A. Pomorski, T. A. Lenahan, P. M. Randall, C. A. TI Acceptor-oxygen vacancy defect dipoles and fully coordinated defect centers in a ferroelectric perovskite lattice: Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of Mn2+ in single crystal BaTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-RESONANCE; DOPED BATIO3; DOMAIN STABILIZATION; INTERNAL BIAS; CHARGE COMPENSATION; SUPERPOSITION MODEL; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; BARIUM-TITANATE; LOCAL POSITION; CERAMICS AB Defect dipoles are significant point defects in perovskite oxides as a result of their impact on oxygen vacancy dynamics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to investigate the local defect structure of single crystal BaTiO3 doped with manganese. These results, along with a re-analysis of literature data, do not support the conclusion that transition metal-oxygen vacancy nearest neighbor defect dipoles (Mn-Ti '' - V-O(center dot center dot))(x) in ferroelectric BaTiO3 are majority defect centers as previously reported. Local symmetry analysis of the zero-field splitting term of the spin Hamiltonian supports the assignment of fully coordinated defect centers as opposed to defect dipoles for resonance signals at g(eff) similar to 2. A newly discovered defect center with g(1) similar to 6 is observed in the manganese doped system, and it is argued that this defect center belongs to an associated defect complex or defect dipole. This newly reported strong axial defect center, however, is present in small, minor concentrations compared to the well-known Mn2+ center with zero-field splitting of D similar to 645MHz. In regard to relative concentration, it is concluded that the dominant point defect related to the Mn2+ ion doped in BaTiO3 corresponds to B-site substitution with six nearest neighbor anions in octahedral coordination. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Maier, R. A.; Pomorski, T. A.; Lenahan, P. M.; Randall, C. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Maier, R. A.; Randall, C. A.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Ctr Dielect & Piezoelect, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Maier, RA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.maier@nist.gov RI Maier, Russell/E-2358-2011 OI Maier, Russell/0000-0003-4024-589X FU National Science Foundation, Center for Dielectric Studies [0628817]; Air Force [FA9550-14-1-0067] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Center for Dielectric Studies under Grant No. 0628817 and by the Air Force under Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0067. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 61 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 16 AR 164102 DI 10.1063/1.4934505 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CV6VR UT WOS:000364410300015 ER PT J AU Lasley-Rasher, RS Brady, DC Smith, BE Jumars, PA AF Lasley-Rasher, R. S. Brady, D. C. Smith, B. E. Jumars, P. A. TI It takes guts to locate elusive crustacean prey SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fish feeding; Northwest Atlantic; Pandalidae; Mysidae; Euphausiidae; Crangonidae; Migration ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; DIEL HORIZONTAL MIGRATION; NEOMYSIS-AMERICANA; GEORGES BANK; LONG-TERM; CRANGON-SEPTEMSPINOSA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PANDALUS-BOREALIS AB Mobile crustacean prey, i.e. crangonid, euphausiid, mysid, and pandalid shrimp, are vital links in marine food webs. Their intermediate sizes and characteristic caridoid escape responses lead to chronic underestimation when sampling at large spatial scales with either plankton nets or large trawl nets. Here, as discrete sampling units, we utilized individual fish diets (i.e. fish biosamplers) collected by the US National Marine Fisheries Service and Northeast Fisheries Science Center to examine abundance and location of these prey families over large spatial and temporal scales in the northeastern US shelf large ecosystem. We found these prey families to be important to a wide variety of both juvenile and adult demersal fishes from Cape Hatteras to the Scotian Shelf. Fish biosamplers further revealed significant spatial shifts in prey in early spring. Distributions of mysids and crangonids in fish diets shoaled significantly from February to March. Distributions of euphausiids and pandalids in fish diets shifted northward during March. Of multiple hypotheses for these shifts, prey migration is most strongly supported. Rather than only the classic ontogenetic shift from feeding on shrimp to piscivory, of the 25 identified diet shifts in fish predators, 12 shifts were toward increased shrimp feeding frequency with increasing body length. C1 [Lasley-Rasher, R. S.; Brady, D. C.; Jumars, P. A.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Smith, B. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lasley-Rasher, RS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. EM rachel.lasleyrasher@maine.edu FU National Science Foundation OCE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship [1226209] FX We thank the numerous individuals of the NMFS and NEFSC involved with sampling and maintaining the fish diet data used here. We thank J. McHenry for help with data entry. We also thank 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the current presentation. This work was funded by a National Science Foundation OCE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (1226209) awarded to L.S.L.-R. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3354/meps11481 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CV2MI UT WOS:000364090400001 ER PT J AU Turk, D Yates, KK Vega-Rodriguez, M Toro-Farmer, G L'Esperance, C Melo, N Ramsewak, D Dowd, M Estrada, SC Muller-Karger, FE Herwitz, SR McGillis, WR AF Turk, D. Yates, K. K. Vega-Rodriguez, M. Toro-Farmer, G. L'Esperance, C. Melo, N. Ramsewak, D. Dowd, M. Cerdeira Estrada, S. Muller-Karger, F. E. Herwitz, S. R. McGillis, W. R. TI Community metabolism in shallow coral reef and seagrass ecosystems, lower Florida Keys SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Seagrass; Production; Calcification; Florida Keys ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PH MEASUREMENTS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARRIER-REEF; CALCIFICATION; SEAWATER; FLAT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Diurnal variation of net community production (NEP) and net community calcification (NEC) were measured in coral reef and seagrass biomes during October 2012 in the lower Florida Keys using a mesocosm enclosure and the oxygen gradient flux technique. Seagrass and coral reef sites showed diurnal variations of NEP and NEC, with positive values at near-seafloor light levels > 100-300 mu Einstein m(-2) s(-1). During daylight hours, we detected an average NEP of 12.3 and 8.6 mmol O-2 m(-2) h(-1) at the seagrass and coral reef site, respectively. At night, NEP at the seagrass site was relatively constant, while on the coral reef, net respiration was highest immediately after dusk and decreased during the rest of the night. At the seagrass site, NEC values ranged from 0.20 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) during daylight to -0.15 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) at night, and from 0.17 to -0.10 g CaCO3 m(-2) h(-1) at the coral reef site. There were no significant differences in pH and aragonite saturation states (Omega(ar)) between the seagrass and coral reef sites. Decrease in light levels during thunderstorms significantly decreased NEP, transforming the system from net autotrophic to net heterotrophic. C1 [Turk, D.; L'Esperance, C.; Dowd, M.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Turk, D.; McGillis, W. R.] Columbia Univ, LDEO, New York, NY 10964 USA. [Yates, K. K.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Vega-Rodriguez, M.; Toro-Farmer, G.; Muller-Karger, F. E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Melo, N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, N.] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ramsewak, D.] Univ Trinidad & Tobago, Marine Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Cerdeira Estrada, S.] Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Mexico City 14010, DF, Mexico. [Herwitz, S. R.] UAV Collaborat, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Turk, D (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM daniela.turk@dal.ca FU NASA grant - NASA's Airborne Science program for UAS Enabled Earth Science Program [NNH10ZDA001NRA-UAS]; Coastal and Marine Geology Program of U.S. Geological Survey; Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Ocean Science and Technology FX This work was possible through collaboration between the University of South Florida, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Dalhousie University, Columbia University, NOAA, NASA, and the Institute of Marine Affairs in Trinidad and Tobago. Field work was supported by NASA grant NNH10ZDA001NRA-UAS ('High Resolution Assessment of Carbon Dynamics in Seagrass and Coral Reef Biomes') funded by NASA's Airborne Science program for UAS Enabled Earth Science Program, and by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. We thank research technician Nathan Smiley and dive safety officer, Marc Blouin, from the USGS, and Captain Joe Bailey, and staff of the dive boat 'Playmate'. D.T. and C.L'E. were funded by the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Ocean Science and Technology. This is LDEO contribution 7909. References to non-USGS products and services are provided for information only, and do not constitute endorsement or warranty, expressed or implied, by the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps11385 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CV2MI UT WOS:000364090400004 ER PT J AU Keppel, AG Breitburg, DL Wikfors, GH Burrell, RB Clark, VM AF Keppel, Andrew G. Breitburg, Denise L. Wikfors, Gary H. Burrell, Rebecca B. Clark, Virginia M. TI Effects of co-varying diel-cycling hypoxia and pH on disease susceptibility in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; pH; Diel cycle; Multiple stressors; Disease; Oyster ID OXYGEN INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC BLUE-CRAB; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HABITAT DEGRADATION; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HEMOCYTES WITHDRAWN AB Diel-cycling hypoxia co-occurs with diel-cycling pH in shallow waters that are typically considered as refuge from deep-water hypoxia and are, therefore, targeted for restoration. These areas also tend to be heavily impaired by eutrophication from nutrient over-enrichment which increases the occurrence and severity of hypoxia and pH cycles. We used laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of diel-cycling dissolved oxygen (DO) and co-varying diel-cycling pH on infections of Perkinsus spp. and hemocyte activity in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Perkinsus marinus is the protistan parasite that causes Dermo disease in oysters. Severe diel-cycling DO increased the acquisition and progression of Perkinsus infections during exposure, and had a legacy effect the next year. Diel-cycling pH did not significantly affect infection dynamics either on its own or in combination with diel-cycling DO. Diel-cycling DO and pH both individually and in conjunction stimulated hemocyte activity, although this stimulated activity may not be effective at preventing Perkinsus infection. The magnitude of cycling conditions is an important consideration when choosing restoration sites, as severe cycling may hinder the re-establishment of oysters by creating areas that serve as reservoirs for parasites that can infect nearby populations. C1 [Keppel, Andrew G.; Breitburg, Denise L.; Burrell, Rebecca B.; Clark, Virginia M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Keppel, Andrew G.; Clark, Virginia M.] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine & Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Keppel, AG (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM keppela@si.edu FU NOAA Center [NA10-NOS4780138] FX This work was funded by the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (NA10-NOS4780138). The authors thank Jennifer Alix, Jayesh Jariwala, Robbie Bourdon, Cecily Steppe, Heather Soulen, Keira Heggie, Julie Walker, John Morgan, and Joe Miklas for help and assistance as well as the Targett Lab at University of Delaware for advice in developing the experimental system. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers and colleagues who reviewed this paper prior to submission. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.3354/meps11479 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CV2MI UT WOS:000364090400013 ER PT J AU Renkawitz, MD Sheehan, TF Dixon, HJ Nygaard, R AF Renkawitz, Mark D. Sheehan, Timothy F. Dixon, Heather J. Nygaard, Rasmus TI Changing trophic structure and energy dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic: implications for Atlantic salmon feeding at West Greenland SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Northwest Atlantic; Greenland; Atlantic salmon; Capelin; Diet; Food quality; Energy density ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ARCTIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SALAR L.; SEA-ICE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PELAGIC FISH; GROWTH; HYPOTHESIS AB Changes in large-scale climate conditions in the Northwest Atlantic caused a phase shift in productivity, altering trophic pathways that influence the growth, survival, and abundance of many species. Despite diverse population structures and management regimes, concurrent abundance declines in disparate North American and European Atlantic salmon populations suggest that conditions experienced at common marine areas may be causative. To understand the trophic mechanisms contributing to population declines, 1451 Atlantic salmon stomachs were collected and examined from individuals caught between 2006 and 2011 at the West Greenland feeding grounds. Standardized stomach content weights and stomach composition varied among years but not between stock complexes. Atlantic salmon consumed a variety of prey taxa, primarily capelin and Themisto sp., over a broad size spectrum. Standardized stomach content weight and proportions of taxa consumed were similar between historical (1965-1970) and contemporary samples, although lower-quality boreoatlantic armhook squid, nearly absent from historical data, was of moderate importance in contemporary samples, while higher-quality capelin decreased in importance. Furthermore, from 1968-2008 mean energy density estimates of capelin, the regional keystone forage species, decreased approximately 33.7%. This resulted in lower estimates of total energy consumption by Atlantic salmon over time. Results indicate that altered trophic dynamics caused by 40 yr of changing ocean conditions negatively influenced Atlantic salmon and likely many other commercially, culturally, and ecologically important species in the Northwest Atlantic. Determining the primary mechanisms that influence marine food-webs is necessary to fully understand and evaluate survival and productivity trends and to establish realistic management targets for commercial, recreational, and protected species. C1 [Renkawitz, Mark D.; Sheehan, Timothy F.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dixon, Heather J.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nygaard, Rasmus] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. RP Renkawitz, MD (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mark.renkawitz@noaa.gov OI Dixon, Heather/0000-0001-7951-9435 NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 538 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.3354/meps11470 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CV2MI UT WOS:000364090400015 ER PT J AU Abadia-Cardoso, A Garza, JC Mayden, RL de Leon, FJG AF Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Garza, John Carlos Mayden, Richard L. Javier Garica de leon, Francisco TI Genetic Structure of Pacific Trout at the Extreme Southern End of Their Native Range SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Salmonid fishes are cold water piscivores with a native distribution spanning nearly the entire temperate and subarctic northern hemisphere. Trout in the genus Oncorhynchus are the most widespread salmonid fishes and are among the most important fish species in the world, due to their extensive use in aquaculture and valuable fisheries. Trout that inhabit northwestern Mexico are the southernmost native salmonid populations in the world, and the least studied in North America. They are unfortunately also facing threats to their continued existence. Previous work has described one endemic species, the Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster), and one endemic subspecies, Nelson's trout (O. mykiss nelsoni), in Mexico, but previous work indicated that there is vastly more biodiversity in this group than formally described. Here we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of this important group of fishes using novel genetic markers and techniques to elucidate the biodiversity of trout inhabiting northwestern Mexico, examine genetic population structure of Mexican trout and their relationships to other species of Pacific trout, and measure introgression from non-native hatchery rainbow trout. We confirmed substantial genetic diversity and extremely strong genetic differentiation present in the Mexican trout complex, not only between basins but also between some locations within basins, with at least four specieslevel taxa present. We also revealed significant divergence between Mexican trout and other trout species and found that introgression from non-native rainbow trout is present but limited, and that the genetic integrity of native trout is still maintained in most locations. This information will help to guide effective conservation strategies for this important group of fishes. C1 [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mayden, Richard L.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Javier Garica de leon, Francisco] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, Lab Genet Conservac, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov; fgarciadl@cibnor.mx OI Garcia de Leon, Francisco Javier/0000-0003-2323-2560 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; University of California Institute for Mexico and the US FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov/; award # DEB-0240184, DEB-0817027) for samples collection. Additional support for Alicia Abadia-Cardoso was provided by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (www.conacyt.mx) and the University of California Institute for Mexico and the US (www.ucmexus.ucr.edu). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0141775 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141775 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV0DL UT WOS:000363918100131 PM 26509445 ER PT J AU Quattrin, AM Nizinski, MS Chaytor, JD Demopoulos, AWJ Roark, EB France, SC Moore, JA Heyl, T Auster, PJ Kinlan, B Ruppel, C Elliott, KP Kennedy, BRC Lobecker, E Skarke, A Shank, TM AF Quattrin, Andrea M. Nizinski, Martha S. Chaytor, Jason D. Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Roark, E. Brendan France, Scott C. Moore, Jon A. Heyl, Taylor Auster, Peter J. Kinlan, Brian Ruppel, Carolyn Elliott, Kelley P. Kennedy, Brian R. C. Lobecker, Elizabeth Skarke, Adam Shank, Timothy M. TI Exploration of the Canyon-Incised Continental Margin of the Northeastern United States Reveals Dynamic Habitats and Diverse Communities SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CORAL LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; DEEP-WATER CORALS; HUDSON SUBMARINE-CANYON; FOOD-SUPPLY MECHANISMS; SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; NEW-ENGLAND; NORTH-ATLANTIC; COLD SEEPS; BOTTOM CURRENTS AB The continental margin off the northeastern United States (NEUS) contains numerous, topographically complex features that increase habitat heterogeneity across the region. However, the majority of these rugged features have never been surveyed, particularly using direct observations. During summer 2013, 31 Remotely-Operated Vehicle (ROV) dives were conducted from 494 to 3271 m depth across a variety of seafloor features to document communities and to infer geological processes that produced such features. The ROV surveyed six broad-scale habitat features, consisting of shelf-breaching canyons, slope-sourced canyons, inter-canyon areas, open-slope/landslide-scar areas, hydrocarbon seeps, and Mytilus Seamount. Four previously unknown chemosynthetic communities dominated by Bathymodiolus mussels were documented. Seafloor methane hydrate was observed at two seep sites. Multivariate analyses indicated that depth and broad-scale habitat significantly influenced megafaunal coral (58 taxa), demersal fish (69 taxa), and decapod crustacean (34 taxa) assemblages. Species richness of fishes and crustaceans significantly declined with depth, while there was no relationship between coral richness and depth. Turnover in assemblage structure occurred on the middle to lower slope at the approximate boundaries of water masses found previously in the region. Coral species richness was also an important variable explaining variation in fish and crustacean assemblages. Coral diversity may serve as an indicator of habitat suitability and variation in available niche diversity for these taxonomic groups. Our surveys added 24 putative coral species and three fishes to the known regional fauna, including the black coral Telopathes magna, the octocoral Metallogorgia melanotrichos and the fishes Gaidropsarus argentatus, Guttigadus latifrons, and Lepidion guentheri. Marine litter was observed on 81% of the dives, with at least 12 coral colonies entangled in debris. While initial exploration revealed the NEUS region to be both geologically dynamic and biologically diverse, further research into the abiotic conditions and the biotic interactions that influence species abundance and distribution is needed. C1 [Quattrin, Andrea M.] US Geol Survey, Contracted Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Nizinski, Martha S.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Syst Lab, NMFS, NOAA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Chaytor, Jason D.; Ruppel, Carolyn] USGS Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Roark, E. Brendan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. [France, Scott C.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Moore, Jon A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Wilkes Honors Coll, Jupiter, FL USA. [Moore, Jon A.] FAU, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Heyl, Taylor; Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Northest Undersea Res Technol & Educ Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Myst Aquarium, Sea Res Fdn, Mystic, CT USA. [Kinlan, Brian] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Elliott, Kelley P.] NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kennedy, Brian R. C.] NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Lobecker, Elizabeth] Contracted NOAA Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Earth Resources Technol Corp, Durham, NH USA. [Skarke, Adam] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Quattrin, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Contracted Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Cherokee Nations Technol Solut, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM aquattrini@usgs.gov OI Chaytor, Jason/0000-0001-8135-8677; Moore, Jon/0000-0002-0053-3347; Skarke, Adam/0000-0002-3843-5152; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 FU NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Northeast Initiative; USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program FX Funding for the ship and ROV time was provided by NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research with support from NOAA's Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Northeast Initiative. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration guided the general operating area and data collection for the expedition, but specific dive sites and transects were proposed by the science community. The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or the decision to publish. Funding was provided to AWJD by the USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Ecosystem Program. NR 131 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0139904 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0139904 PG 32 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CV0DL UT WOS:000363918100016 PM 26509818 ER PT J AU Peng, HG Daga, VK Lin, Y Watkins, JJ Wu, WL Soles, CL AF Peng, Hua-Gen Daga, Vikram K. Lin, Ying Watkins, James J. Wu, Wen-Li Soles, Christopher L. TI Distributions of a Linear Homopolymer Additive in an Ordered Block Copolymer Matrix As Quantified by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVELY ASSOCIATING HOMOPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HYBRID MATERIALS; PROPYLENE-OXIDE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR AB The addition of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to a disordered low molecular mass poly(ethylene oxide) poly(propylene oxide) poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer host (PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO) is known to induce an ordering transition. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements are presented to quantify the spatial distribution of the linear homopolymer additive within the ordered microstructure by using deuterium-labeled block copolymers. The analysis, however, requires revisiting the conventional algorithm of expressing the scattering intensity as a product of a form and structure factor, where the two terms are independent, and an alternate formalism is introduced that couples these terms. The SANS data are consistent with a lamellar morphology, but with the unusual caveat of a weak first-order scattering peak relative to a strong second-order peak. This necessitates the use of a four-layer structure for the lamellar repeat unit where the center of the PEO domain is enriched with PAA. The SANS data are fit to quantify the compositional profiles of the three components across the four-layer lamellar repeat unit. As the concentration and/or molecular mass of the PAA additive increases, PEO-PAA-rich and PPO-rich domains gradually emerge. However, it is not until relatively high PAA loadings that compositionally pure PPO domains appear. While the PAA additive is known to form hydrogen bonds with the PEO segments, the measurements suggest that the unfavorable interactions between the PAA and PPO are also important for driving the self-assembly process. C1 [Peng, Hua-Gen; Wu, Wen-Li; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peng, Hua-Gen; Daga, Vikram K.; Lin, Ying] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Watkins, James J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Watkins, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM watkins@polysci.umass.edu; wen-li.wu@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 20 BP 7574 EP 7584 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01163 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CV0CD UT WOS:000363914000022 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Marin, E Ortiz, M de Urbina, JMO Quelle, P Walter, J Abid, N Addis, P Alot, E Andrushchenko, I Deguara, S Di Natale, A Gatt, M Golet, W Karakulak, S Kimoto, A Macias, D Saber, S Santos, MN Zarrad, R AF Rodriguez-Marin, Enrique Ortiz, Mauricio Ortiz de Urbina, Jose Maria Quelle, Pablo Walter, John Abid, Noureddine Addis, Piero Alot, Enrique Andrushchenko, Irene Deguara, Simeon Di Natale, Antonio Gatt, Mark Golet, Walter Karakulak, Saadet Kimoto, Ai Macias, David Saber, Samar Neves Santos, Miguel Zarrad, Rafik TI Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Biometrics and Condition SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-LENGTH RELATIONSHIPS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; WEIGHT; AGE; L.; METAANALYSIS; MIGRATION; GROWTH AB The compiled data for this study represents the first Atlantic and Mediterranean-wide effort to pool all available biometric data for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) with the collaboration of many countries and scientific groups. Biometric relationships were based on an extensive sampling (over 140,000 fish sampled), covering most of the fishing areas for this species in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate the representativeness of sampling and explore the most adequate procedure to fit the weight-length relationship (WLR). The selected model for the WLRs by stock included standardized data series (common measurement types) weighted by the inverse variability. There was little difference between annual stock-specific round weight-straight fork length relationships, with an overall difference of 6% in weight. The predicted weight by month was estimated as an additional component in the exponent of the weight-length function. The analyses of monthly variations of fish condition by stock, maturity state and geographic area reflect annual cycles of spawning and feeding behavior. We update and improve upon the biometric relationships for bluefin currently used by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, by incorporating substantially larger datasets than ever previously compiled, providing complete documentation of sources and employing robust statistical fitting. WLRs and other conversion factors estimated in this study differ from the ones used in previous bluefin stock assessments. C1 [Rodriguez-Marin, Enrique; Quelle, Pablo] Inst Espanol Oceanog, CO Santander, Santander, Spain. [Ortiz, Mauricio; Neves Santos, Miguel] Int Commiss Conservat Atlantic Tunas, Madrid, Spain. [Ortiz de Urbina, Jose Maria; Alot, Enrique; Macias, David] Inst Espanol Oceanog, CO Malaga, Malaga, Spain. [Walter, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL USA. [Abid, Noureddine] INRH, Reg Ctr Tangier, Tangier, Morocco. [Addis, Piero] Univ Cagliari, Dept Life Sci & Environm, Cagliari, Italy. [Andrushchenko, Irene] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB, Canada. [Deguara, Simeon] Federat Maltese Aquaculture Producers, Valletta, Malta. [Di Natale, Antonio] Int Commiss Conservat Atlantic Tunas, GBYP Program, Madrid, Spain. [Gatt, Mark] Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Fisheries Resource Unit, Marsa, Malta. [Golet, Walter] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Karakulak, Saadet] Istanbul Univ, Fac Fisheries, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kimoto, Ai] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka, Japan. [Saber, Samar] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Anim, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Zarrad, Rafik] Inst Natl Sci & Technol Mer, Mahdia, Tunisia. RP Rodriguez-Marin, E (reprint author), Inst Espanol Oceanog, CO Santander, Santander, Spain. EM rodriguez.marin@st.ieo.es OI Saber, Samar/0000-0002-3863-2949 FU national research projects; EU; International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas FX This study was funded by national research projects and partially supported by the European data collection programme within the EU Fisheries Data Collection Regulation Framework and by the Atlantic Wide Research Programme for Bluefin tuna from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0141478 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141478 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU8PC UT WOS:000363804200075 PM 26505476 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; new species; Aleutian Islands; Gulf of Alaska; Alaska; Porifera; Poecilosclerida; Axinellida; Dictyoceratida ID SP-NOV PORIFERA; USA; ASTROPHORIDA; CORAL AB Ten new species of demosponges, assigned to the orders Poecilosclerida, Axinellida and Dictyoceratida, discovered in the Gulf of Alaska and along the Aleutian Island Archipelago are described and compared to relevant congeners. Poecilosclerida include Cornulum globosum n. sp., Megaciella lobata n. sp., M. triangulata n. sp., Artemisina clavata n. sp., A. flabellata n. sp., Coelosphaera (Histodermion) kigushimkada n. sp., Stelodoryx mucosa n. sp. and S. siphofuscus n. sp. Axinellida is represented by Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa n. sp. and Dictyoceratida is represented by Dysidea kenkriegeri n. sp. The genus Cornulum is modified to allow for smooth tylotes. We report several noteworthy biogeographical observations. We describe only the third species within the subgenus Histodermion and the first from the Indo-Pacific Region. Additionally, the subgenus Hymerhaphiopsis was previously represented by only a single species from Antarctica. We also report the first record of a dictyoceratid species from Alaska. The new collections further highlight the richness of the sponge fauna from the region, particularly for the Poecilosclerida. C1 [Lehnert, Helmut] GeoBioctr LMU Munchen, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Brian Knoth, Ned Laman, Jay Orr, Dave Somerton, Jim Stark and the crews of the FV Alaska Provider and the FV Ocean Explorer for collecting the specimens. We thank Michele Masuda for providing Figure 1. Thanks to the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munchen, for providing access to the scanning electron microscope, especially thanks to Enrico Schwabe for help operating the SEM. Helmut Lehnert was supported by a contract from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Two anonymous reviewers contributed with constructive suggestions to improve this article. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 4033 IS 4 BP 451 EP 483 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA CU7ED UT WOS:000363698300001 PM 26624419 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Taylor, CD Petersen, DA AF Mazur, Vladislav Taylor, Clayborne D. Petersen, Danyal A. TI Simulating electrodeless discharge from a hydrometeor array SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The objective of this research was to test, by means of an experiment in a high-voltage laboratory, the effect of an array of hydrometeors on the processes involved in the streamer-leader formation of lightning. Because the common types of hydrometeors present whenever lightning initiation in thunderstorms occurs are ice particles (graupel, hail, or ice crystals), we used, in this experiment, conductive particles similar to hail in size, with various spacing between them, but all under normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The laboratory array was suspended on dielectric threads in a uniform electric field of 1 MV m(-1) in the middle of the gap between the high-voltage and ground electrodes. During the first phase of the experiment, we studied the formation of a bidirectional arc discharge from the array and the effects of the array's size on the electrical characteristics and on the speed of development of the discharge. We continued with the same objectives in the second phase of the experiment, adding high-speed video observations with a recording speed of 10 Mfps, to observe all stages of the streamer-leader formation. C1 [Mazur, Vladislav] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Taylor, Clayborne D.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS USA. [Petersen, Danyal A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM vlad.mazur@noaa.gov FU National Severe Storms Laboratory FX We are grateful to Stan Grzybowski of Mississippi State University for his invaluable support of this project and to Jeremy Hamilton for his assistance in facilitating our experiment. We thank Todd Rumbaugh of Hadland Imaging for his essential help in our efforts to obtain unique video images of the leader initiation process. We appreciate thoughtful discussions on the topics of this paper with Lothar H. Ruhnke. Our thanks, as always, to Marijo Hennagin-Mazur for her excellent eye in editing the paper. The data used in this paper can be obtained from Vlad Mazur at vlad.mazur@noaa.gov. The project has been funded in part by the Director's Directed Research Fund of the National Severe Storms Laboratory. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 20 BP 10879 EP 10889 DI 10.1002/2015JD023466 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WP UT WOS:000209847000018 ER PT J AU Kuai, L Worden, JR Campbell, JE Kulawik, SS Li, KF Lee, M Weidner, RJ Montzka, SA Moore, FL Berry, JA Baker, I Denning, AS Bian, HS Bowman, KW Liu, JJ Yung, YL AF Kuai, Le Worden, John R. Campbell, J. Elliott Kulawik, Susan S. Li, King-Fai Lee, Meemong Weidner, Richard J. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Fred L. Berry, Joe A. Baker, Ian Denning, A. Scott Bian, Huisheng Bowman, Kevin W. Liu, Junjie Yung, Yuk L. TI Estimate of carbonyl sulfide tropical oceanic surface fluxes using Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Quantifying the carbonyl sulfide (OCS) land/ocean fluxes contributes to the understanding of both the sulfur and carbon cycles. The primary sources and sinks of OCS are very likely in a steady state because there is no significant observed trend or interannual variability in atmospheric OCS measurements. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of the dominant ocean source are highly uncertain due to the lack of observations. In particular, estimates of the oceanic fluxes range from approximately 280 Gg S yr(-1) to greater than 800 Gg S yr(-1), with the larger flux needed to balance a similarly sized terrestrial sink that is inferred from NOAA continental sites. Here we estimate summer tropical oceanic fluxes of OCS in 2006 using a linear flux inversion algorithm and new OCS data acquired by the Aura Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES). Modeled OCS concentrations based on these updated fluxes are consistent with HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations during 4th airborne campaign and improve significantly over the a priori model concentrations. The TES tropical ocean estimate of 70 +/- 16Gg S in June, when extrapolated over the whole year (about 840 +/- 192 Gg S yr(-1)), supports the hypothesis proposed by Berry et al. (2013) that the ocean flux is in the higher range of approximately 800 Gg S yr(-1). C1 [Kuai, Le] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Worden, John R.; Lee, Meemong; Weidner, Richard J.; Bowman, Kevin W.; Liu, Junjie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Campbell, J. Elliott] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA. [Kulawik, Susan S.] NASA Ames, BAER Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. [Li, King-Fai] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Montzka, Stephen A.; Moore, Fred L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Berry, Joe A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Baker, Ian; Denning, A. Scott] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bian, Huisheng] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Bian, Huisheng] Univ Maryland, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kuai, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kl@gps.caltech.edu OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Li, King-Fai/0000-0003-0150-2910 FU UCAR Jack Eddy Fellowship; NASA [NNX14AR40G, NNX13AK34G]; NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NSF FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. King-Fai Li was supported in part by the UCAR Jack Eddy Fellowship and by the NASA grant (NNX14AR40G) to the University of Washington. Yuk L. Yung acknowledged support by NASA grant (NNX13AK34G) to Caltech. The authors would like to acknowledge Randy Kawa for the help with the OH flux data and also thank Steve Wofsy, Elliot Atlas, Benjamin R. Miller, Fred Moore, James Elkins, and all other HIPPO, NOAA team members (the pilots, mechanics, technicians, and scientific crew) for making the HIPPO and NOAA data available. HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, and ATM-0628388 and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the NSF. The data used in this paper are archived at Jet Propulsion Laboratory and are available from the authors upon request (kl@gps.caltech.edu). NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 20 BP 11012 EP 11023 DI 10.1002/2015JD023493 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WP UT WOS:000209847000027 ER PT J AU Barker, DS Reschovsky, BJ Pisenti, NC Campbell, GK AF Barker, D. S. Reschovsky, B. J. Pisenti, N. C. Campbell, G. K. TI Enhanced magnetic trap loading for atomic strontium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CLOCK; SR AB We report on a technique to improve the continuous loading of atomic strontium into a magnetic trap from a magneto-optical trap. This is achieved by adding a depumping laser tuned to the P-3(1) -> S-3(1) (688-nm) transition. The depumping laser increases atom number in the magnetic trap and subsequent cooling stages by up to 65% for the bosonic isotopes and up to 30% for the fermionic isotope of strontium. We optimize this trap loading strategy with respect to the 688-nm laser detuning, intensity, and beam size. To understand the results, we develop a one-dimensional rate equation model of the system, which is in good agreement with the data. We discuss the use of other transitions in strontium for accelerated trap loading and the application of the technique to other alkaline-earth-like atoms. C1 [Barker, D. S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barker, DS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dbarker2@umd.edu OI Barker, Daniel/0000-0002-4614-5833 FU National Institute for Standards and Technology's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program; U.S. Office of Naval Research; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors thank J. A. Pechkis for his work on the experimental apparatus. D.S.B. acknowledges support from the National Institute for Standards and Technology's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program. This work was partially supported by U.S. Office of Naval Research and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 26 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 043418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.043418 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CU4OQ UT WOS:000363509700004 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Espinal, L Wong-Ng, W Queen, WL Brown, CM Kline, SR Kauffman, KL Culp, JT Matranga, C AF Allen, A. J. Espinal, L. Wong-Ng, W. Queen, W. L. Brown, C. M. Kline, S. R. Kauffman, K. L. Culp, J. T. Matranga, C. TI Flexible metal-organic framework compounds: In situ studies for selective CO2 capture SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Composite materials; Nanostructured materials; Gas-solid reactions; Microstructure; Phase transitions; Neutron diffraction ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMERS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; GAS-ADSORPTION; NICKEL(II) DIBENZOYLMETHANATE AB Results are presented that explore the dynamic structural changes occurring in two highly flexible nanocrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds during the adsorption and desorption of pure gases and binary mixtures. The Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene)[Ni(CN)(4)] and catena-bis(dibenzoylmethanato)-(4,4'-bipyridyl) nickel(II) chosen for this study are 3-D and 1-D porous coordination polymers (PCP) with a similar gate opening pressure response for CO2 isotherms at 303 K, but with differing degrees of flexibility for structural change to accommodate guest molecules. As such, they serve as a potential model system for evaluating the complex kinetics associated with dynamic structure changes occurring in response to gas adsorption in flexible MOF systems. Insights into the crystallo-graphic changes occurring as the MOF pore structure expands and contracts in response to interactions with CO2, N-2, and CO2/N-2 mixtures have been obtained from in situ small-angle neutron scattering and neutron diffraction, combined with ex situ X-ray diffraction structure measurements. The role of structure in carbon capture functionality is discussed with reference to the ongoing characterization challenges and a possible materials-by-design approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Allen, A. J.; Espinal, L.; Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, W. L.; Brown, C. M.; Kline, S. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, W. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kauffman, K. L.; Culp, J. T.; Matranga, C.] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Culp, J. T.] URS Corp, South Pk, PA 15219 USA. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.allen@nist.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Allen, Andrew/0000-0002-6496-8411 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES [DE-FE0004000] FX The authors thank Juscelino Leao of the NIST Center for Neutron Research and Martin Green of NIST Materials Measurement Science Division for valuable discussions. This work utilized neutron scattering facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. Part of this work was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. Supporting Information available online from Elsevier. NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 99 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 25 PY 2015 VL 647 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.148 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR2JU UT WOS:000361156400005 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Johnson, DS Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Johnson, Devin S. Boveng, Peter L. TI On Extrapolating Past the Range of Observed Data When Making Statistical Predictions in Ecology SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MODELS; REGRESSION; SPACE; TIME AB Ecologists are increasingly using statistical models to predict animal abundance and occurrence in unsampled locations. The reliability of such predictions depends on a number of factors, including sample size, how far prediction locations are from the observed data, and similarity of predictive covariates in locations where data are gathered to locations where predictions are desired. In this paper, we propose extending Cook's notion of an independent variable hull (IVH), developed originally for application with linear regression-models, to generalized regression models as a way to help assess the potential reliability of predictions in unsampled areas. Predictions occurring inside the generalized independent variable hull (gIVH) can be regarded as interpolations, while predictions occurring outside the gIVH can be regarded as extrapolations worthy of additional investigation or skepticism. We conduct a simulation study to demonstrate the usefulness of this metric for limiting the scope of spatial inference when conducting model-based abundance estimation from survey counts. In this case, limiting inference to the gIVH substantially reduces bias, especially when survey designs are spatially imbalanced. We also demonstrate the utility of the gIVH in diagnosing problematic extrapolations when estimating the relative abundance of ribbon seals in the Bering Sea as a function of predictive covariates. We suggest that ecologists routinely use diagnostics such as the gIVH to help gauge the reliability of predictions from statistical models (such as generalized linear, generalized additive, and spatio-temporal regression models). C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Johnson, Devin S.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M12PG00017]; NOAA FX Funding for Bering Sea aerial surveys was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; www.noaa.gov) and by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; www.boem.gov) via Interagency Agreement M12PG00017. NOAA provided salary for all three authors and funded surveys. BOEM had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 23 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0141416 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141416 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU1VG UT WOS:000363309200107 PM 26496358 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Blaes, JL AF Smith, Barrett L. Blaes, Jonathan L. TI Examination of a Winter Storm Using a Micro Rain Radar and AMDAR Aircraft Soundings SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECIPITATION; WEATHER; MODEL; BAND AB Winter storms along the United States East Coast are often high-impact events with complex forecasts. Forecasts can be particularly difficult in the lee of the Appalachian Mountains, where terrain-induced cold-air damming (CAD) creates an environment suitable for multiple and rapidly changing precipitation types. A winter storm that impacted central North Carolina on 18 January 2007- and featured a common CAD setup-provided the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Raleigh, North Carolina, an opportunity to use two nontraditional observing systems during a rapidly changing precipitation-type event. This study details how aircraft soundings and a vertically pointing micro rain radar (MRR) were utilized to monitor changing precipitation types and improve the 3-6-h forecast. Aircraft observations from the Raleigh-Durham International Airport were available at various times during the event, allowing forecasters to monitor changes in the thermal profile of the environment, and more specifically, the strength and depth of a warm (melting) layer centered around 1000 m. In addition, the MRR provided frequent observations of the melting layer height and evolution, providing useful information to more accurately forecast the onset of mixed precipitation types, a changeover to all snow, and eventually, a change to all rain. These observational datasets also were used to verify Rapid Update Cycle forecasts. The results of this event demonstrate the utility of these nontraditional datasets during critical decision making and high-impact events. C1 [Smith, Barrett L.; Blaes, Jonathan L.] Natl Weather Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Smith, BL (reprint author), 1005 Capabil Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM barrett.smith@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 3 IS 14 BP 156 EP 171 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MB UT WOS:000372903600001 ER PT J AU Ona-Ruales, JO Ruiz-Morales, Y AF Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara TI The Predictive Power of the Annellation Theory: The Case of the C26H16 Cata-Condensed Benzenoid Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; STILBENE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; FORCE-FIELD; ASPHALTENES; TRIPLET; PHOTODEHYDROCYCLIZATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRA; COMPASS; STATES AB The Annellation Theory was applied to establish the locations of maximum absorbance for the p and beta bands in the UV-vis spectra of eight benzenoid cata-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular formula C26H16 and no available syntheses procedures. In this group of eight isomers, there are seven compounds with potential carcinogenic properties due to geometrical constraints. In addition, crude oil and asphaltene absorption spectra exhibit similar properties, and the PAHs in heavier crude oils and asphaltenes are known to be the source of the color of heavy oils. Therefore, understanding the electronic bands of PAHs is becoming increasingly important. The methodology was validated using information for the remaining 29 isomers with available UV-vis spectra. The results satisfactorily agree with the results from semiempirical calculations made using the ZINDO/S approach. The locations of maximum absorbance for the p and beta bands in the UV-vis spectra of the eight C26H16 cata-condensed isomers dibenzo [c,m]tetraphene, naphtho[1,2-c]chrysene, dibenzo [c,f]tetraphene, benzo [f] picene, naphtho [2,1-a] tetraphene, naphtho[2,1-c] tetraphene, dibenzo[c,l] chrysene, and naphtho[1,2-c]tetraphene were established for the first time. C1 [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara] Inst Mexicano Petr, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Ona-Ruales, JO (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM JORGE.ONA-RUALES@NIST.GOV RI Ona, Jorge/I-1260-2014 OI Ona, Jorge/0000-0001-6907-9632 FU Instituto Mexican del Petroleo [D.61017, D.61006] FX Y.R.-M. acknowledges the support under projects D.61017 and D.61006 of the Instituto Mexican del Petroleo. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 42 BP 10451 EP 10461 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07681 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CV0DE UT WOS:000363916800002 PM 26419919 ER PT J AU Fan, HQ Kumar, S Sheng, JT Shaffer, JP Holloway, CL Gordon, JA AF Fan, Haoquan Kumar, Santosh Sheng, Jiteng Shaffer, James P. Holloway, Christopher L. Gordon, Joshua A. TI Effect of Vapor-Cell Geometry on Rydberg-Atom-Based Measurements of Radio-Frequency Electric Fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article AB A new approach to detect absolute radio-frequency (rf) electric fields (E-fields) that uses Rydberg atoms at room temperature in vapor cells has been demonstrated recently. The large-transition dipole moments between energetically adjacent Rydberg states enable this technique to make traceable E-field measurements with high sensitivity over a large frequency range from 1 GHz to 1 THz. In this paper, we experimentally investigate how the vapor-cell geometry affects the accuracy of the measurements. We find that the effects of the vapor cell on the measured rf E-field are minimized by making the vapor-cell size small compared to the wavelength of the rf E-field. C1 [Fan, Haoquan; Kumar, Santosh; Sheng, Jiteng; Shaffer, James P.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Joshua A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaffer, JP (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 West Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM shaffer@nhn.ou.edu RI Kumar, Santosh/H-3255-2011 OI Kumar, Santosh/0000-0002-0951-4214 FU DARPA Quasar Program through the ARO [60181-PH-DRP] FX This work is supported by the DARPA Quasar Program by a grant through the ARO (Grant No. 60181-PH-DRP). The authors thank Harald Kubler for useful discussions. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 4 IS 4 AR 044015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.044015 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU0YQ UT WOS:000363245700001 ER PT J AU Hogle, CW Tong, XM Martin, L Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Ranitovic, P AF Hogle, C. W. Tong, X. M. Martin, L. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Ranitovic, P. TI Attosecond Coherent Control of Single and Double Photoionization in Argon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LASER CONTROL; IONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; REGIME AB Ultrafast high harmonic beams provide new opportunities for coherently controlling excitation and ionization processes in atoms, molecules, and materials on attosecond time scales by employing multiphoton two-pathway electron-wave-packet quantum interferences. Here we use spectrally tailored and frequency tuned vacuum and extreme ultraviolet harmonic combs, together with two phase-locked infrared laser fields, to show how the total single and double photoionization yields of argon can be coherently modulated by controlling the relative phases of both optical and electronic-wave-packet quantum interferences. This Letter is the first to apply quantum control techniques to double photoionization, which is a fundamental process where a single, high-energy photon ionizes two electrons simultaneously from an atom. C1 [Hogle, C. W.; Martin, L.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Ranitovic, P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hogle, C. W.; Martin, L.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Ranitovic, P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hogle, C. W.; Martin, L.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Ranitovic, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Div Mat Sci, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Ranitovic, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ranitovic, P.] ELI Hu Nkft, ELI ALPS, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Ranitovic, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM pranitovic@lbl.gov RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491 FU Army Research Office; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [C24540421] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Office. X. M. T. was supported by a Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. C24540421) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 17 AR 173004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.173004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CU0YE UT WOS:000363244400005 PM 26551112 ER PT J AU Humphreys, PC Metcalf, BJ Gerrits, T Hiemstra, T Lita, AE Nunn, J Nam, SW Datta, A Kolthammer, WS Walmsley, IA AF Humphreys, Peter C. Metcalf, Benjamin J. Gerrits, Thomas Hiemstra, Thomas Lita, Adriana E. Nunn, Joshua Nam, Sae Woo Datta, Animesh Kolthammer, W. Steven Walmsley, Ian A. TI Tomography of photon-number resolving continuous-output detectors SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE single photon detectors; detector tomography; quantum optics ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; SINGLE-PHOTONS; EFFICIENCY; ALGORITHM AB We report a comprehensive approach to analysing continuous-output photon detectors. We employ principal component analysis to maximize the information extracted from output signals, followed by a novel noise-tolerant parameterized approach to the tomography of photon-number resolving detectors. We further propose a measure for rigorously quantifying a detector's photon-number-resolving capability. Our approach applies to all detectors with continuous-output signals. We illustrate our methods by applying them to experimental data obtained from a transition-edge sensor detector. C1 [Humphreys, Peter C.; Metcalf, Benjamin J.; Hiemstra, Thomas; Nunn, Joshua; Kolthammer, W. Steven; Walmsley, Ian A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Humphreys, Peter C.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 4AL, W Midlands, England. RP Humphreys, PC (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM peter.humphreys@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Datta, Animesh/E-8139-2011 OI Datta, Animesh/0000-0003-4021-4655 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/K034480/1]; European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AFOSR EOARD) [FA8655-09-1-3020]; European Commission project SIQS; EC Marie Curie fellowship [PIEF-GA-2012-331859]; EPSRC [EP/K04057X/1, EP/M01326X/1, EP/M013243/1] FX This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC EP/K034480/1), the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (AFOSR EOARD; FA8655-09-1-3020)and the European Commission project SIQS. WSK is supported by EC Marie Curie fellowship (PIEF-GA-2012-331859). AD is supported by the EPSRC (EP/K04057X/1, EP/M01326X/1, EP/M013243/1). We thank Alvaro Feito for kindly helping us to obtain the data from his previous paper and Tim Bartley for his help in installing the TES detectors. Contribution of NIST, an agency of the US Government, not subject to copyright. This publication was supported by the Oxford RCUK Open Access Block Grant and accordingly can be accessed at doi: 10.5287/bodleian:st74cq47v. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 103044 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/10/103044 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ8DS UT WOS:000367330900003 ER PT J AU Mendenhall, MH Mullen, K Cline, JP AF Mendenhall, Marcus H. Mullen, Katharine Cline, James P. TI An Implementation of the Fundamental Parameters Approach for Analysis of X-ray Powder Diffraction Line Profiles SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fundamental Parameters Approach; powder diffraction; Python; Standard Reference Material; X-ray line profile ID AXIAL DIVERGENCE; DIFFRACTOMETER AB This work presents an open implementation of the Fundamental Parameters Approach (FPA) models for analysis of X-ray powder diffraction line profiles. The original literature describing these models was examined and code was developed to allow for their use within a Python based least squares refinement algorithm. The NIST interest in the FPA method is specific to its ability to account for the optical aberrations of the powder diffraction experiment allowing for an accurate assessment of lattice parameter values. Lattice parameters are one of the primary certified measurands of NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for powder diffraction. Lattice parameter values obtained from analysis of data from SRMs 640e and 660c using both the NIST FPA Python code and the proprietary, commercial code Topas, that constitutes the only other actively supported, complete implementation of FPA models within a least-squares data analysis environment, agreed to within 2 fm. This level of agreement demonstrates that both the NIST code and Topas constitute an accurate implementation of published FPA models. C1 [Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Cline, James P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mullen, Katharine] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Mendenhall, MH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.mendenhall@nist.gov; katharine.mullen@statistics.UCLA.edu; james.cline@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 223 EP 251 DI 10.6028/jres.120.014 PG 29 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CY7TK UT WOS:000366611800001 PM 26958448 ER PT J AU Jugdutt, BA Ofori-Opoku, N Provatas, N AF Jugdutt, Bernadine A. Ofori-Opoku, Nana Provatas, Nikolas TI Calculating the role of composition in the anisotropy of solid-liquid interface energy using phase-field-crystal theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID KINETICS; ALLOYS AB This work uses Ginzburg-Landau theory derived from a recent structural phase-field-crystal model of binary alloys developed by the authors to study the roles of concentration, temperature, and pressure on the interfacial energy anisotropy of a solid-liquid front. It is found that the main contribution to the change in anisotropy with concentration arises from a change in preferred crystallographic orientation controlled by solute-dependent changes in the two-point density correlation function of a binary alloy, a mechanism that leads to such phenomena as solute-induced elastic strain and dislocation-assisted solute clustering. Our results are consistent with experimental observations in recent studies by Rappaz et al. [J. Fife, P. Di Napoli, and M. Rappaz, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 5522 (2013)]. This is the first PFC work, to our knowledge, to incorporate temperature, pressure, and density into the thermodynamic description of alloys. C1 [Jugdutt, Bernadine A.; Ofori-Opoku, Nana; Provatas, Nikolas] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ofori-Opoku, Nana] McGill Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ofori-Opoku, Nana] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Argonne Inst Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL USA. [Ofori-Opoku, Nana] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jugdutt, BA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Research Chairs program FX The authors thank The National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Research Chairs program for funding and Compute Canada for high performance computing resources. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 042405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.042405 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CU0XJ UT WOS:000363242100003 PM 26565255 ER PT J AU Grutter, KE Davanco, MI Srinivasan, K AF Grutter, Karen E. Davanco, Marcelo I. Srinivasan, Kartik TI Slot-mode optomechanical crystals: a versatile platform for multimode optomechanics SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; RADIATION-PRESSURE; CAVITY; OSCILLATOR; LIMIT; RESONATORS; MOTION AB Cavity optomechanical systems are being studied for their potential in areas such as metrology, communications, and quantum information science. For a number of recently proposed applications in which multiple optical and mechanical modes interact, an outstanding challenge is to develop multimode architectures that allow flexibility in optical and mechanical subsystem designs while maintaining the strong interactions that have been demonstrated in single-mode systems. To that end, we demonstrate slot-mode optomechanical crystals, devices in which photonic and phononic crystal nanobeams separated by a narrow slot are coupled via optomechanical interactions. These nanobeam pairs are patterned to confine a mechanical breathing mode at the center of one beam and a low-loss optical mode in the slot between the beams. This architecture affords great design flexibility toward multimode optomechanics, as well as substantial optomechanical coupling rates. We show this by producing slot-mode devices in stoichiometric Si3N4, with optical modes in the 980 nm band coupled to mechanical modes at 3.4 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 400 MHz. We exploit the Si3N4 tensile stress to achieve slot widths down to 24 nm, which leads to enhanced optomechanical coupling, sufficient for the observation of optomechanical self-oscillations at all studied frequencies. We then develop multimode optomechanical systems with triple-beam geometries, in which two optical modes couple to a single mechanical mode, and two mechanical modes couple to a single optical mode. Taken together, these results demonstrate great flexibility in the design of multimode chip-scale optomechanical systems with large optomechanical coupling. C1 [Grutter, Karen E.; Davanco, Marcelo I.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.grutter@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (MESO); National Research Council (Research Associateship Program) FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (MESO); National Research Council (Research Associateship Program). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 11 BP 994 EP 1001 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000994 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA CX5JO UT WOS:000365738100014 PM 26807432 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aikin, RW Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Chattopadhyay, G Davis, G Day, PK Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hristov, V Hui, H Irwin, KD Jones, WC Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leduc, HG Leitch, EM Llombart, N Lueker, M Mason, P Megerian, K Moncelsi, L Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Rahlin, AS Reintsema, CD Richter, S Runyan, MC Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Tolan, JE Trangsrud, A Tucker, RS Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, A Wiebe, DV Wilson, P Wong, CL Yoon, KW Zmuidzinas, J AF Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Chattopadhyay, G. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Jones, W. C. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leduc, H. G. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Mason, P. Megerian, K. Moncelsi, L. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Runyan, M. C. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. Wiebe, D. V. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. Zmuidzinas, J. CA Bicep2 Collaboration Keck Array Collaboration Spider Collaboration TI ANTENNA-COUPLED TES BOLOMETERS USED IN BICEP2, Keck Array, AND SPIDER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: polarimeters; methods: laboratory: solid state; techniques: polarimetric ID THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; QUANTUM; MILLIMETER; NOISE AB We have developed antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor bolometers for a wide range of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry experiments, including BICEP2, Keck Array, and the balloon borne SPIDER. These detectors have reached maturity and this paper reports on their design principles, overall performance, and key challenges associated with design and production. Our detector arrays repeatedly produce spectral bands with 20%-30% bandwidth at 95, 150, or 230 GHz. The integrated antenna arrays synthesize symmetric co-aligned beams with controlled side-lobe levels. Cross-polarized response on boresight is typically similar to 0.5%, consistent with cross-talk in our multiplexed readout system. End-to-end optical efficiencies in our cameras are routinely 35% or higher, with per detector sensitivities of NET similar to 300 mu K-CMB root s. Thanks to the scalability of this design, we have deployed 2560 detectors as 1280 matched pairs in Keck Array with a combined instantaneous sensitivity of similar to 9 mu K-CMB root s, as measured directly from CMB maps in the 2013 season. Similar arrays have recently flown in the SPIDER instrument, and development of this technology is ongoing. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hristov, V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Moncelsi, L.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.; Trangsrud, A.; Tucker, R. S.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Davis, G.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Barkats, D.] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Chattopadhyay, G.; Day, P. K.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Leduc, H. G.; Llombart, N.; Megerian, K.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Trangsrud, A.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A.; Wilson, P.; Zmuidzinas, J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC SBT, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hasselfield, M.; Jones, W. C.; Orlando, A.; Rahlin, A. S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder 80305, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM rogero@caltech.edu OI Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993 FU JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; NASA [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation grant; W. M. Keck Foundation; US National Science Foundation [ANT-0742818, ANT-1044978, ANT-0742592, ANT-1110087] FX The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and grants 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The receiver development was supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. BICEP2 was supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0742818 and ANT-1044978 (Caltech/Harvard) and ANT-0742592 and ANT-1110087 (Chicago/Minnesota). Some computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. We thank Warren Holmes and Matthew Kenyon for discussions on thermal conductivity. Tireless administrative support was provided by Irene Coyle and Kathy Deniston. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 176 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/176 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600088 ER PT J AU Redfield, S Linsky, JL AF Redfield, Seth Linsky, Jeffrey L. TI EVALUATING THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: USING NEW DATA TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MULTIPLE DISCRETE CLOUDS AND A CONTINUOUS MEDIUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: atoms; ISM: clouds; ISM: structure; line: profiles; ultraviolet: ISM; ultraviolet: stars ID LINE-OF-SIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GHRS OBSERVATIONS; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; II OBSERVATIONS; LYMAN-ALPHA; 100 PARSECS; D/H RATIO; VOYAGER 1 AB Ultraviolet and optical spectra of interstellar gas along the lines of sight to nearby stars have been interpreted by Redfield & Linsky and previous studies as a set of discrete warm, partially ionized clouds each with a different flow vector, temperature, and metal depletion. Recently, Gry & Jenkins proposed a fundamentally different model consisting of a single cloud with nonrigid flows filling space out to 9 pc from the Sun that they propose better describes the local ISM. Here we test these fundamentally different morphological models against the spatially unbiased Malamut et al. spectroscopic data set, and find that the multiple cloud morphology model provides a better fit to both the new and old data sets. The detection of three or more velocity components along the lines of sight to many nearby stars, the presence of nearby scattering screens, the observed thin elongated structures of warm interstellar gas, and the likely presence of strong interstellar magnetic fields also support the multiple cloud model. The detection and identification of intercloud gas and the measurement of neutral hydrogen density in clouds beyond the Local Interstellar Cloud could provide future morphological tests. C1 [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Redfield, S (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM sredfield@wesleyan.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 FU NASA HST grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-11568]; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. - NASA [NAS5-26555] FX We acknowledge support through NASA HST grant GO-11568 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. for NASA under contract NAS5-26555. We thank Drs. Cecile Gry and Edward Jenkins for their careful reading and in-depth comments concerning an earlier version of this paper that guided us in completing it. We appreciate the expeditious and insightful review by the referee. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 812 IS 2 AR 125 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/125 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CW7VD UT WOS:000365206600037 ER PT J AU Takesue, H Dyer, SD Stevens, MJ Verma, V Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Takesue, Hiroki Dyer, Shellee D. Stevens, Martin J. Verma, Varun Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo TI Quantum teleportation over 100 km of fiber using highly efficient superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-FIBER; COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT; STATE; INTERFERENCE; REPEATERS; CHANNELS AB Quantum teleportation is an essential quantum operation by which we can transfer an unknown quantum state to a remote location with the help of quantum entanglement and classical communication. Since the first experimental demonstrations using photonic qubits and continuous variables, the distance of photonic quantum teleportation over free-space channels has continued to increase and has reached > 100 km. On the other hand, quantum teleportation over optical fiber has been challenging, mainly because the multifold photon detection that inevitably accompanies quantum teleportation experiments has been very inefficient due to the relatively low detection efficiencies of typical telecom-band single-photon detectors. Here, we report on quantum teleportation over optical fiber using four high-detection-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). These SNSPDs make it possible to perform highly efficient multifold photon measurements, allowing us to confirm that the quantum states of input photons were successfully teleported over 100 km of fiber with an average fidelity of 83.7 +/- 2.0%. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Takesue, Hiroki] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Dyer, Shellee D.; Stevens, Martin J.; Verma, Varun; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Takesue, H (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. EM takesue.hiroki@lab.ntt.co.jp RI Takesue, Hiroki/J-4514-2012 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 BP 832 EP 835 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.2.000832 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7VZ UT WOS:000364485100001 ER PT J AU Luo, JG Ault, JS Shay, LK Hoolihan, JP Prince, ED Brown, CA Rooker, JR AF Luo, Jiangang Ault, Jerald S. Shay, Lynn K. Hoolihan, John P. Prince, Eric D. Brown, Craig A. Rooker, Jay R. TI Ocean Heat Content Reveals Secrets of Fish Migrations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; VERTICAL HABITAT USE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SAILFISH ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; MARINE PREDATOR MOVEMENTS; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; MESOSCALE EDDIES; THUNNUS-THYNNUS AB For centuries, the mechanisms surrounding spatially complex animal migrations have intrigued scientists and the public. We present a new methodology using ocean heat content (OHC), a habitat metric that is normally a fundamental part of hurricane intensity forecasting, to estimate movements and migration of satellite-tagged marine fishes. Previous satellite-tagging research of fishes using archival depth, temperature and light data for geolocations have been too coarse to resolve detailed ocean habitat utilization. We combined tag data with OHC estimated from ocean circulation and transport models in an optimization framework that substantially improved geolocation accuracy over SST-based tracks. The OHC-based movement track provided the first quantitative evidence that many of the tagged highly migratory fishes displayed affinities for ocean fronts and eddies. The OHC method provides a new quantitative tool for studying dynamic use of ocean habitats, migration processes and responses to environmental changes by fishes, and further, improves ocean animal tracking and extends satellite-based animal tracking data for other potential physical, ecological, and fisheries applications. C1 [Luo, Jiangang; Ault, Jerald S.; Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoolihan, John P.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Prince, Eric D.; Brown, Craig A.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Highly Migratory Species Branch, Miami, FL USA. [Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU Robertson Foundation; National Science Foundation [EAR-1204752]; NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center CRP; McDaniel Charitable Foundation; Billfish Foundation; Adopt-A-Billfish Program; Bonefish; Tarpon Trust; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center [WE-133F-12SE-2099]; NOAA MARFIN Grant [NA11NMF4330129]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; NOAA [NA1RJ1266] FX The Tarpon & Bonefish Research Center at the University of Miami provided support for JL and JSA. Support for satellite tagging of tarpon was provided by the Robertson Foundation, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR-1204752 (JSA and JL). Support for tagging of marlin and tuna was provided through the NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center CRP, McDaniel Charitable Foundation, The Billfish Foundation and Adopt-A-Billfish Program (JPH, EDP, and JRR). Additional support for JSA and JL was provided by Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Contract No. WE-133F-12SE-2099, and NOAA MARFIN Grant No. NA11NMF4330129 (JSA and JL). Other support for JPH and JL was provided by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the NOAA (Cooperative Agreement Number NA1RJ1266). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 20 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0141101 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0141101 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT7XI UT WOS:000363028100113 PM 26484541 ER PT J AU Sharma, D Motayed, A Shah, PB Amani, M Georgieva, M Birdwell, AG Dubey, M Li, QL Davydov, AV AF Sharma, Deepak Motayed, Abhishek Shah, Pankaj B. Amani, Matin Georgieva, Mariela Birdwell, A. Glen Dubey, Madan Li, Qiliang Davydov, Albert V. TI Transfer characteristics and low-frequency noise in single-and multi-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; LAYER MOS2 AB Leveraging nanoscale field-effect transistors (FETs) in integrated circuits depends heavily on its transfer characteristics and low-frequency noise (LFN) properties. Here, we report the transfer characteristics and LFN in FETs fabricated with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with different layer (L) counts. 4L to 6L devices showed highest ION-IOFF ratio (approximate to 10(8)) whereas LFN was maximum for 1L device with normalized power spectral density (PSD) approximate to 1.5 x 10(-5) Hz(-1). For devices with L approximate to 6, PSD was minimum (approximate to 2 x10(-8) Hz(-1)). Further, LFN for single and few layer devices satisfied carrier number fluctuation (CNF) model in both weak and strong accumulation regimes while thicker devices followed Hooge's mobility fluctuation model in the weak accumulation regime and CNF model in strong accumulation regime, respectively. Transfer-characteristics and LFN experimental data are explained with the help of model incorporating Thomas-Fermi charge screening and inter-layer resistance coupling. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sharma, Deepak; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, Deepak] Theiss Res Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Sharma, Deepak; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shah, Pankaj B.; Amani, Matin; Georgieva, Mariela; Birdwell, A. Glen; Dubey, Madan] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sharma, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Material Genome Initiative; ARL Director's Strategic Initiative program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials FX D.S. and A.V.D. acknowledge the support of Material Genome Initiative funding allocated to NIST; P.B.S., M.G., M.A., A.G.B., and M.D. acknowledge the support of the ARL Director's Strategic Initiative program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the ARL or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce or distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 16 AR 162102 DI 10.1063/1.4932945 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU8HG UT WOS:000363781900011 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Burkholder, JB AF McGillen, Max R. Burkholder, James B. TI Gas-phase photodissociation of CF3C(O)Cl between 193 and 280 nm SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OZONE DEPLETION; ALPHA-BOND; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; EXCITATION; RADICALS; SPECTRUM AB Product yields were measured in the 296 K photolysis of CF3C(O)Cl at 193, 248, 254, and 280 nm. Br-2 was used as a radical scavenger to convert the primary CF3 and CF3CO radical photofragments into stable bromides, CF3Br and CF3C(O)Br, which were quantified along with CO and CF2O using infrared absorption. The stabilized CF3CO radical yield increased with increasing photolysis wavelength from <0.007 at 193 nm to 0.95(-0.10)(+0.05) at 280 nm. An upper-limit for the ClCO radical yield was estimated to be <0.004 at all wavelengths. The CF3Cl quantum yield was determined to be <0.001 at all wavelengths. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 639 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.09.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX6MF UT WOS:000365814400036 ER PT J AU Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E Cullather, RI Wang, W Zhang, J Bitz, CM AF Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E. Cullather, R. I. Wang, W. Zhang, J. Bitz, C. M. TI Model forecast skill and sensitivity to initial conditions in the seasonal Sea Ice Outlook SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea ice; predictability ID CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; SYSTEM; THICKNESS; EXTENT; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; ENSEMBLE AB We explore the skill of predictions of September Arctic sea ice extent from dynamical models participating in the Sea Ice Outlook (SIO). Forecasts submitted in August, at roughly 2month lead times, are skillful. However, skill is lower in forecasts submitted to SIO, which began in 2008, than in hindcasts (retrospective forecasts) of the last few decades. The multimodel mean SIO predictions offer slightly higher skill than the single-model SIO predictions, but neither beats a damped persistence forecast at longer than 2 month lead times. The models are largely unsuccessful at predicting each other, indicating a large difference in model physics and/or initial conditions. Motivated by this, we perform an initial condition sensitivity experiment with four SIO models, applying a fixed -1m perturbation to the initial sea ice thickness. The significant range of the response among the models suggests that different model physics make a significant contribution to forecast uncertainty. C1 [Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E.; Bitz, C. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cullather, R. I.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, W.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ed@atmos.washington.edu RI Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 FU ONR [N0014-13-1-0793, N00014-12-1-0112] FX We thank Michael Sigmond, Bill Merryfield, Woo-Sung Lee, and Rym Msadek for making the CanSIPS, NOAA CFSv2, GFDL CMOR, and ECDA hindcast skill scores available and Larry Hamilton for assistance with the SIO data sets. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on how to improve the paper. The SIO data in the paper are available at http://www.arcus.org/sipn/sea-ice-outlook. EBW and CMB were supported by ONR grant N0014-13-1-0793. JZ was supported by ONR grant N00014-12-1-0112. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 8042 EP 8048 DI 10.1002/2015GL065860 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500023 ER PT J AU Wolfe, GM Hanisco, TF Arkinson, HL Bui, TP Crounse, JD Dean-Day, J Goldstein, A Guenther, A Hall, SR Huey, G Jacob, DJ Karl, T Kim, PS Liu, X Marvin, MR Mikoviny, T Misztal, PK Nguyen, TB Peischl, J Pollack, I Ryerson, T St Clair, JM Teng, A Travis, KR Ullmann, K Wennberg, PO Wisthaler, A AF Wolfe, G. M. Hanisco, T. F. Arkinson, H. L. Bui, T. P. Crounse, J. D. Dean-Day, J. Goldstein, A. Guenther, A. Hall, S. R. Huey, G. Jacob, D. J. Karl, T. Kim, P. S. Liu, X. Marvin, M. R. Mikoviny, T. Misztal, P. K. Nguyen, T. B. Peischl, J. Pollack, I. Ryerson, T. St Clair, J. M. Teng, A. Travis, K. R. Ullmann, K. Wennberg, P. O. Wisthaler, A. TI Quantifying sources and sinks of reactive gases in the lower atmosphere using airborne flux observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE flux; isoprene; deposition; emission; SEAC4RS; biosphere ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; EPOXIDE FORMATION; ISOPRENE VOLCANO; DRY DEPOSITION; AEROSOL; FOREST AB Atmospheric composition is governed by the interplay of emissions, chemistry, deposition, and transport. Substantial questions surround each of these processes, especially in forested environments with strong biogenic emissions. Utilizing aircraft observations acquired over a forest in the southeast U.S., we calculate eddy covariance fluxes for a suite of reactive gases and apply the synergistic information derived from this analysis to quantify emission and deposition fluxes, oxidant concentrations, aerosol uptake coefficients, and other key parameters. Evaluation of results against state-of-the-science models and parameterizations provides insight into our current understanding of this system and frames future observational priorities. As a near-direct measurement of fundamental process rates, airborne fluxes offer a new tool to improve biogenic and anthropogenic emissions inventories, photochemical mechanisms, and deposition parameterizations. C1 [Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Arkinson, H. L.; Marvin, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bui, T. P.; Dean-Day, J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Nguyen, T. B.; St Clair, J. M.; Teng, A.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dean-Day, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA USA. [Goldstein, A.; Misztal, P. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guenther, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huey, G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Kim, P. S.; Travis, K. R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Karl, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Marvin, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mikoviny, T.; Wisthaler, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Peischl, J.; Pollack, I.; Ryerson, T.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peischl, J.; Pollack, I.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Wolfe, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Teng, Alexander/0000-0002-6434-0501; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU NASA ROSES SEAC4RS [NNH10ZDA001N, NNX12AC06G]; ACCDAM [NNX14AP48G, NNX14AP46G]; NSF PRF [AGS-1331360]; National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) FX This work was supported by grants from the NASA ROSES SEAC4RS (NNH10ZDA001N and NNX12AC06G) and ACCDAM (NNX14AP48G and NNX14AP46G) programs. T.B.N. acknowledges support from NSF PRF award AGS-1331360. Isoprene measurements were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A.W. and T.M. received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). We thank the DC-8 pilots, crew, payload operators, and mission scientists for their hard work and for the opportunity to calibrate the meteorological measurements. We are also grateful to NASA ESPO for mission logistics. We thank the Jimenez, Brock, and Anderson groups for use of aerosol data. We also thank L. Kaser, B. Yuan, S.-W. Kim, and J. Thornton for helpful discussions. All data used in this analysis are publicly available under the SEAC4RS DOI at 10.5067/Aircraft/SEAC4RS/Aerosol-TraceGas-Cloud. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 19 BP 8231 EP 8240 DI 10.1002/2015GL065839 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CU7DF UT WOS:000363695500047 ER PT J AU Jaing, C Thissen, JB Gardner, S McLoughlin, K Slezak, T Bossart, GD Fair, PA AF Jaing, Crystal Thissen, James B. Gardner, Shea McLoughlin, Kevin Slezak, Tom Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. TI Pathogen surveillance in wild bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Diagnostics; Microarray; Microbial community; Molecular detection; Marine diseases; Microbiological culture ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ATLANTIC; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; CHARLESTON; MICROARRAY; DIVERSITY; ZOONOSES AB The number and prevalence of diseases is rapidly increasing in the marine ecosystem. Although there is an increase in the number of marine diseases observed world-wide, current understanding of the pathogens associated with marine mammals is limited. An important need exists to develop and apply platforms for rapid detection and characterization of pathogenic agents to assess, prevent and respond to disease outbreaks. In this study, a broad-spectrum molecular detection technology capable of detecting all sequenced microbial organisms, the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array, was used to assess the microbial agents that could be associated with wild Atlantic dolphins. Blowhole, gastric, and fecal samples from 8 bottlenose dolphins were collected in Charleston, SC, as part of the dolphin assessment effort. The array detected various microbial agents from the dolphin samples. Clostridium perfringens was most prevalent in the samples surveyed using the microarray. This pathogen was also detected using microbiological culture techniques. Additionally, Campylobacter sp., Staphylococcus sp., Erwinia amylovora, Helicobacter pylori, and Frankia sp. were also detected in more than one dolphin using the microarray, but not in culture. This study provides the first survey of pathogens associated with 3 tissue types in dolphins using a broad-spectrum microbial detection microarray and expands insight on the microbial community profile in dolphins. C1 [Jaing, Crystal; Thissen, James B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Gardner, Shea; McLoughlin, Kevin; Slezak, Tom] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Nw Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Jaing, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jaing2@llnl.gov FU Office of Naval Research Award [N0001411IP20081, N00014110541] FX We thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina. We are especially grateful to B. Joseph, L. Hansen, S. McCulloch, L. Fulford, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help made the health assessment studies possible. We also thank R. Ober and J. Thompson from Kansas State University for assistance with DNA extraction of some of the dolphin samples during their summer internship at LLNL. This present study was partially supported through Office of Naval Research Award Number N0001411IP20081 and N00014110541. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 116 IS 2 BP 83 EP + DI 10.3354/dao02917 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA CU2HD UT WOS:000363343700001 PM 26480911 ER PT J AU Isaev, L Rey, AM AF Isaev, L. Rey, A. M. TI Heavy-Fermion Valence-Bond Liquids in Ultracold Atoms: Cooperation of the Kondo Effect and Geometric Frustration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN LIQUIDS; MAGNETISM; SYSTEMS AB We analyze a microscopic mechanism behind the coexistence of a heavy Fermi liquid and geometric frustration in Kondo lattices. We consider a geometrically frustrated periodic Anderson model and demonstrate how orbital fluctuations lead to a Kondo-screened phase in the limit of extreme strong frustration when only local singlet states participate in the low-energy physics. We also propose a setup to realize and study this exotic state with SU(3)-symmetric alkaline-earth cold atoms. C1 [Isaev, L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Isaev, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO FX We are grateful to Gia-Wei Chern and Michael Hermele for illuminating discussions. This work was supported by the NSF (PIF-1211914 and PFC-1125844), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST, and ARO individual investigator awards. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 16 AR 165302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.165302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CT6FU UT WOS:000362909100013 PM 26550882 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Broadwater, MH Ramsdell, JS AF Wang, Zhihong Broadwater, Margaret H. Ramsdell, John S. TI Analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and pectenotoxin-2 in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins; Pectenotoxin; Solid-phase extraction; LC-MS/MS; Bottlenose dolphins; Mobile phase aging ID SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; LIPOPHILIC TOXINS; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; OKADAIC ACID; DOMOIC ACID; DSP TOXINS AB Toxins produced by harmful algae are associated with detrimental health effects and mass mortalities of marine mammals. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is generally used to confirm the presence of algal toxins in marine mammals. Sample preparation and LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of three diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins (okadaic acid, OA; dinophysistoxin-1, DTX1; dinophysistoxin-2, DTX2) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) urine and tissue samples were evaluated using spike-and-recovery tests. Sample clean-up with either reversed-phase silica or polymeric solid-phase extraction (SPE) reduced interference of sample matrices and improved toxin recoveries, with polymeric SPE showing higher sample loading capacity. LC separation on Xbridge C18 columns using acetonitrile/water gradient elutions with ammonia as the additive was chosen for its high detectivity and sensitivity in the MS detection of DSP toxins in negative ion mode. The retention times of OA, DTX1, and DTX2, separated as negative ions, increased with LC column temperature while the retention time of PTX2, separated as the neutral molecule, was weakly affected. At the same column temperature, retention times of OA, DTX1, and DTX2 gradually increased as the mobile phases aged while the retention time of PTX2 remained unchanged; higher column temperatures resulted in a greater increase in the retention time of each DSP toxin with mobile phase aging. Average recoveries of the 4 toxins in bottlenose dolphin samples ranged from 80% to 130% with relative standard deviations of less than 15% using the LC mobile phases prepared within one week at a column temperature of 30 degrees C or 40 degrees C. The preferred column temperature was 30 degrees C, as the retention times of DSP toxins were less affected by mobile phase aging at this temperature. The limit of detection of each toxin analyzed in bottlenose dolphin samples was 2.8 ng/g or less in tissue samples and 0.7 ng/ml or less in urine. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zhihong; Broadwater, Margaret H.; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM zhihong.wang@noaa.gov FU Stranding program funds; NOAA/NOS operational funds FX We acknowledge Wayne McFee for supplying bottlenose dolphin samples to be used for this study. This work was supported by Stranding program funds and NOAA/NOS operational funds. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 1416 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.066 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CS7ZF UT WOS:000362304800003 PM 26381568 ER PT J AU Paynter, D Frolicher, TL AF Paynter, D. Frolicher, T. L. TI Sensitivity of radiative forcing, ocean heat uptake, and climate feedback to changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB We use both prescribed sea surface temperature and fully coupled versions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled climate model (CM3) to analyze the sensitivity of radiative forcing, ocean heat uptake, and climate feedback to changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols considered separately over the 1870 to 2005 period. The global anthropogenic aerosol climate feedback parameter (-alpha) of -1.13 +/- 0.33Wm(-2) K-1 is indistinguishable from the greenhouse gas -alpha of -1.28 +/- 0.23Wm(-2) K-1. However, this greenhouse gas climate feedback parameter is about 50% larger than that obtained for CM3 from a widely used linear extrapolation method of regressing Earth's top of atmosphere imbalance against surface air temperature change in idealized CO2 radiative forcing experiments. This implies that the global mean surface temperature change due to forcing over the 1870-2005 period is 50% smaller than that predicted using the climate feedback parameter obtained from idealized experiments. This difference results from time dependence in a, which makes the radiative forcing obtained by the fixed sea surface temperature method incompatible with that obtained by the linear extrapolation method fitted over the first 150 years after CO2 is quadrupled. On a regional scale, a varies greatly between the greenhouse gas and aerosol case. This suggests that the relationship between transient and equilibrium climate sensitivities obtained from idealized CO2 simulations, using techniques such as regional feedback analysis and heat uptake efficacy, may not hold for other forcing scenarios. C1 [Paynter, D.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Frolicher, T. L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Paynter, D (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM David.Paynter@Noaa.gov RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU SNSF [PZ00P2_142573] FX We thank C. Golaz and M. Winton for useful discussions and comments. We thank L. Horowitz for performing the model runs used in this paper. We are grateful to the three reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments that greatly aided the preparation of this paper. T.L. Frolicher acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). All data from the quadrupling of CO2 experiments and historical VSST runs are available in CMIP-AR5 archive at http://www.ipcc-data.org/sim/gcm_monthly/AR5/WG1-Archive.html. The remaining historical PSST runs are permanently stored on the GFDL archive file system. This is not accessible to the public, but the data can be made available by the lead author. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 19 BP 9837 EP 9854 DI 10.1002/2015JD023364 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WR UT WOS:000209847200001 ER PT J AU Li, H Hong, Y Xie, PP Gao, JD Niu, Z Kirstetter, P Yong, B AF Li, Huan Hong, Yang Xie, Pingping Gao, Jidong Niu, Zheng Kirstetter, Pierre Yong, Bin TI Variational merged of hourly gauge-satellite precipitation in China: Preliminary results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The article describes a variational scheme for the analysis of high-resolution hourly precipitation from China Meteorological Administration gauges and NOAA CMORPH satellite products in China and tests their impact on data-sparse regions and the heavy rainfall occurrences during the summer season (June-August 2009). In the variational scheme, a cost function is defined to measure the distance between analyzed precipitation field and observed rainfall quantity. A recursive filter is incorporated into the cost function which helps spread the observations to nearby grid points. Then a quasi-Newton method is used to solve the optimal estimation problem by minimizing the cost function. The adjoint technique is used to derive the gradient of cost function with respect to analysis precipitation. A series of experiments are performed to intercompare the variational analysis with the original CMORPH satellite products (CMP) and the bias-adjusted satellite products (Adj-CMP) against the observations. The best overall performance is from the variational analysis especially rainfall intensity by more than 10 mm h(-1) with a prevailing mean relative spatial bias nearly reduction zero, and the correlation coefficient is almost around 0.5 in convection active areas. Ground cross-validation experiments in which each affected station is withdrawn at once indicated that the variational analysis can particularly be beneficial and subsequent investigation of heavy rainfall events. It also reveals that the precipitation analysis field has the ability to improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation and capture the spatial precipitation pattern agreements in relatively data-sparse regions. C1 [Li, Huan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Huan; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Gao, Jidong; Kirstetter, Pierre] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Niu, Zheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41501471]; Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China [91437214, 71461010701] FX This work is provided under the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501471). The study is partially funded by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (91437214) and (71461010701). National Meteorological Information Center, CMA was acknowledged for giving access to their hourly rain gauge data (lih@igsnrr.ac.cn), as well as appreciation is extended to Climate Prediction Center NOAA for providing CMORPH satellite estimates. The first author wishes to thank the computational facility supported by Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory and Advanced Radar Research Center at University of Oklahoma. Additionally, the first author also wishes to extend appreciation to the helpful suggestions of three reviewers. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 19 BP 9897 EP 9915 DI 10.1002/2015JD023710 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WR UT WOS:000209847200005 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Madhavan, S Xiong, XX Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Madhavan, Sriharsha Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wang, Menghua TI Long-term drift induced by the electronic crosstalk in Terra MODIS Band 29 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Terra MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the key sensors in the NASA's Earth Observing System, which has successfully completed 15 years of on-orbit operation. Terra MODIS continues to collect valuable information of the Earth's energy radiation from visible to thermal infrared wavelengths. The instrument has been well characterized over its lifetime using onboard calibrators whose calibration references are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology standards. In this paper, we focus on the electronic crosstalk effect of Terra MODIS band 29, a thermal emissive band (TEB) whose center wavelength is 8.55 mu m. Previous works have established the mechanism to describe the effect of the electronic crosstalk in the TEB channels of Terra MODIS. This work utilizes the established methodology to apply to band 29. The electronic crosstalk is identified and characterized using the regularly scheduled lunar observations. The moon being a near-pulse-like source allowed easy detection of extraneous signals around the actual Moon surface. First, the crosstalk-transmitting bands are identified along with their amplitudes. The crosstalk effect then is characterized using a moving average mechanism that allows a high fidelity of the magnitude to be corrected. The lunar-based analysis unambiguously shows that the crosstalk contamination is becoming more severe in recent years and should be corrected in order to maintain calibration quality for the affected spectral bands. Finally, two radiometrically well-characterized sites, Pacific Ocean and Libya 1 desert, are used to assess the impact of crosstalk effect. It is shown that the crosstalk contamination induces a long-term upward drift of 1.5 K in band 29 brightness temperature of MODIS Collection 6 L1B, which could significantly impact the science products. The crosstalk effect also induces strong detector-to-detector differences, which result in severe stripping in the Earth view images. With crosstalk correction applied, both the long-term drift and detector differences are significantly reduced. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 19 BP 9944 EP 9954 DI 10.1002/2015JD023602 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WR UT WOS:000209847200008 ER PT J AU Fu, Q Lin, P Solomon, S Hartmann, DL AF Fu, Q. Lin, P. Solomon, S. Hartmann, D. L. TI Observational evidence of strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation since 1980 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The change of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) over the period of 1980-2009 is examined through a combined analysis of satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU/AMSU) lower stratospheric temperatures (T-LS), ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and observed estimates of changes in ozone, water vapor, well-mixed greenhouse gases, and stratospheric aerosols. The MSU/AMSU-observed tropical T-LS trend is first empirically separated into a dynamic component associated with the BDC changes and a radiative component due to the atmospheric composition changes. The derived change in the dynamic component suggests that the annual mean BDC has accelerated in the last 30 years (at the 90% confidence interval), with most of the change coming from the Southern Hemisphere. The annual mean Northern Hemisphere contribution to the acceleration is not statistically significant. The radiative component of tropical T-LS trends is independently checked using observed changes in stratospheric composition. It is shown that the changes in ozone, stratospheric aerosols, well-mixed greenhouse gases, and water vapor make important contributions to the radiative component of tropical T-LS trends. Despite large uncertainties in lower stratospheric cooling associated with uncertainties in observed ozone and water vapor changes, this derived radiative component agrees with the empirically inferred radiative component, both in terms of its average value and small seasonal dependence. By establishing a relationship between tropical residual vertical velocity at 70 hPa and T-LS, we show that the relative strengthening of the annual mean BDC is about 2.1% per decade for 1980-2009, supporting the results from state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model simulations. C1 [Fu, Q.; Hartmann, D. L.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lin, P.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Fu, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM qfuatm@gmail.com RI Lin, Pu/D-4393-2014; OI Lin, Pu/0000-0003-2577-6094; Hartmann, Dennis/0000-0002-4495-7774 FU NASA [NNX13AN49G, NNX14AB28G]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0010557]; NSF [1342810, 1461517] FX We gratefully acknowledge the modeling groups for making their simulations available for this analysis, the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. This research was supported by NASA grants NNX13AN49G and NNX14AB28G, and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy: grant DE-SC0010557. S.S. was partly supported by NSF grants 1342810 and 1461517. Contact Qiang Fu (qfuatm@gmail.com) for the data used in this paper. NR 79 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 16 PY 2015 VL 120 IS 19 BP 10214 EP 10228 DI 10.1002/2015JD023657 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V45WR UT WOS:000209847200024 ER PT J AU Carrillo, L Johns, EM Smith, RH Lamkin, JT Largier, JL AF Carrillo, L. Johns, E. M. Smith, R. H. Lamkin, J. T. Largier, J. L. TI Pathways and Hydrography in the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System Part 1: Circulation SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yucatan Current; Mesoamerican Reef; Circulation; Mesoscale; Gyres ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARIBBEAN SEA; YUCATAN CHANNEL; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; OCEAN-CIRCULATION; COZUMEL CHANNEL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; EDDIES; MODEL AB Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements and surface drifters released from two oceanographic cruises conducted during March 2006 and January/February 2007 are used to investigate the circulation off the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS). We show that the MBRS circulation can be divided into two distinct regimes, a northern region dominated by the strong, northward-flowing Yucatan Current, and a southern region with weaker southward coastal currents and the presence of the Honduras Gyre. The latitude of impingement of the Cayman Current onto the coastline varies with time, and creates a third region, which acts as a boundary between the northern and southern circulation regimes. This circulation pattern yields two zones in terms of dispersal, with planktonic propagules in the northern region being rapidly exported to the north, whereas plankton in the southern and impingement regions may be retained locally or regionally. The latitude of the impingement region shifts interannually and intra-annually up to 30 in latitude. Sub-mesoscale features are observed in association with topography, e.g., flow bifurcation around Cozumel Island, flow wake north of Chinchorro Bank and separation of flow from the coast just north of Bahia de la Ascencion. This third feature is evident as cyclonic recirculation in coastal waters, which we call the Ascencion-Cozumel Coastal Eddy. An understanding of the implications of these different circulation regimes on water mass distributions, population connectivity, and the fate of land-based pollutants in the MBRS is critically important to better inform science-based resource management and conservation plans for the MBRS coral reefs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carrillo, L.] Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Johns, E. M.; Smith, R. H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lamkin, J. T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Largier, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Carrillo, L (reprint author), Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Sistemat & Ecol Acuat, Ave Centenario Km 5-5, Chetmal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM lcarrillo4@ecosur.mx RI Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 FU NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX ADCP data were provided to NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and are on file at the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) Library. ARGOS satellite-tracked surface drifter data can be found at NOAA's Global Drifter Program (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/index.php). This work was partially supported by the base funding of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Partial support for L. Carrillo was provided by ECOSUR. Ship time was provided by NOAA under the projects Larval Fish and Physical Oceanography Survey of the Mesoamerican Reef System, and Meso-American System Transport and Ecology Research. We thank the Captain and crew of the NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 109 BP 164 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2015.09.014 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CW3NE UT WOS:000364898200014 ER PT J AU Muniz, P da Silva, DAM Bicego, MC Bromberg, S Pires-Vanin, AMS AF Muniz, P. da Silva, D. A. M. Bicego, M. C. Bromberg, S. Pires-Vanin, A. M. S. TI Sewage contamination in a tropical coastal area (Sao Sebastiao Channel, SP, Brazil) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Sediments; Steroids; Faecal pollution; Linear alkylbenzenes ID LINEAR ALKYLBENZENES LABS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MOLECULAR MARKER; FECAL STEROLS; SW ATLANTIC; BAY; COPROSTANOL AB Urban effluent discharges in Brazilian coastal areas are a chronic problem and often lead to changes in the quality of the marine environment. Sao-Sebastiao-Channel (SSC) is an important aquatic ecosystem to be monitored for urban sewage contamination due to the intense urban activities in that region, as well as the relative high biodiversity of marine organisms. In the area are present three submarine sewage outfalls, a commercial harbour and also the biggest oil terminal in Brazil. Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS), steroids and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were measured in sediment samples collected in three strategic locations of the SSC in order to monitor urban sewage contamination. Total LAB and total sterols levels ranged from below DL-51.3 ng g(-1) and below DL-10.40 mu g g(-1), respectively. Samples collected near sewage outfall in the central part of the SSC had higher concentrations of urban sewage-associated contaminants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muniz, P.] Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, IECA, Oceanog & Ecol Marina, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. [da Silva, D. A. M.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bicego, M. C.; Bromberg, S.; Pires-Vanin, A. M. S.] IOUSP, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Muniz, P (reprint author), Univ Republica, Fac Ciencias, IECA, Oceanog & Ecol Marina, Igua 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. EM pmmaciel@fcien.edu.uy RI Bromberg, Sandra/S-6266-2016 FU "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo" - FAPESP [02/00022-0] FX The authors thank Dr. Roberto L. Barcellos for the granulometric analysis of sediment samples. This study was supported by "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo" - FAPESP (Project 02/00022-0 to AMSP-V) and a "Invited Professor "scholarship for PM. PM also acknowledge SNI-ANII and Universidad de la Republica (Uruguay). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.045 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV4SY UT WOS:000364258000045 PM 26231066 ER PT J AU Bajcsy, P Cardone, A Chalfoun, J Halter, M Juba, D Kociolek, M Majurski, M Peskin, A Simon, C Simon, M Vandecreme, A Brady, M AF Bajcsy, Peter Cardone, Antonio Chalfoun, Joe Halter, Michael Juba, Derek Kociolek, Marcin Majurski, Michael Peskin, Adele Simon, Carl Simon, Mylene Vandecreme, Antoine Brady, Mary TI Survey statistics of automated segmentations applied to optical imaging of mammalian cells SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Cellular measurements; Cell segmentation; Segmented objects; Segmentation evaluation; Accelerated execution of segmentation for high-throughput biological application ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IMAGES; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; 3D SEGMENTATION; LINEAGE CONSTRUCTION; OSTEOCYTE NETWORK; VIDEO MICROSCOPY; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; IN-VITRO; TRACKING; NUCLEI AB Background: The goal of this survey paper is to overview cellular measurements using optical microscopy imaging followed by automated image segmentation. The cellular measurements of primary interest are taken from mammalian cells and their components. They are denoted as two-or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) image objects of biological interest. In our applications, such cellular measurements are important for understanding cell phenomena, such as cell counts, cell-scaffold interactions, cell colony growth rates, or cell pluripotency stability, as well as for establishing quality metrics for stem cell therapies. In this context, this survey paper is focused on automated segmentation as a software-based measurement leading to quantitative cellular measurements. Methods: We define the scope of this survey and a classification schema first. Next, all found and manually filteredpublications are classified according to the main categories: (1) objects of interests (or objects to be segmented), (2) imaging modalities, (3) digital data axes, (4) segmentation algorithms, (5) segmentation evaluations, (6) computational hardware platforms used for segmentation acceleration, and (7) object (cellular) measurements. Finally, all classified papers are converted programmatically into a set of hyperlinked web pages with occurrence and co-occurrence statistics of assigned categories. Results: The survey paper presents to a reader: (a) the state-of-the-art overview of published papers about automated segmentation applied to optical microscopy imaging of mammalian cells, (b) a classification of segmentation aspects in the context of cell optical imaging, (c) histogram and co-occurrence summary statistics about cellular measurements, segmentations, segmented objects, segmentation evaluations, and the use of computational platforms for accelerating segmentation execution, and (d) open research problems to pursue. Conclusions: The novel contributions of this survey paper are: (1) a new type of classification of cellular measurements and automated segmentation, (2) statistics about the published literature, and (3) a web hyperlinked interface to classification statistics of the surveyed papers at https://isg.nist.gov/deepzoomweb/resources/survey/index.html. C1 [Bajcsy, Peter; Cardone, Antonio; Chalfoun, Joe; Juba, Derek; Majurski, Michael; Peskin, Adele; Simon, Mylene; Vandecreme, Antoine; Brady, Mary] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halter, Michael; Simon, Carl] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kociolek, Marcin] Lodz Univ Technol, Lodz, Poland. RP Bajcsy, P (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.bajcsy@nist.gov FU NIST FX We would like to acknowledge the team members of the computational science in biological metrology project at NIST for providing invaluable inputs to our work. Specifically, we would like to thank Alden Dima for his comments during the manuscript preparation. The work was funded by NIST. NR 163 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 16 AR 330 DI 10.1186/s12859-015-0762-2 PG 28 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA CT6RV UT WOS:000362941000001 PM 26472075 ER PT J AU Feng, P Garboczi, EJ Miao, CW Bullard, JW AF Feng, Pan Garboczi, Edward J. Miao, Changwen Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Microstructural origins of cement paste degradation by external sulfate attack SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Cement paste; Sulfate attack; Microstructure; Computer modeling; Expansion; Degradation ID LINEAR ELASTIC PROPERTIES; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; GYPSUM FORMATION; POROUS MATERIALS; MORTAR BARS; CONCRETE; EXPANSION; CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSPORT AB A microstructure model has been applied to simulate near-surface degradation of portland cement paste in contact with a sodium sulfate solution. This new model uses thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to guide both compositional and microstructure changes. It predicts localized deformation and the onset of damage by coupling the confined growth of new solids with linear thermoelastic finite element calculations of stress and strain fields. Constrained ettringite growth happens primarily at the expense of calcium monosulfoaluminate, carboaluminate and aluminum-rich hydrotalcite, if any, respectively. Expansion and damage can be mitigated chemically by increasing carbonate and magnesium concentrations or microstructurally by inducing a finer dispersion of monosulfate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Pan; Miao, Changwen] Southeast Univ, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Feng, Pan; Garboczi, Edward J.; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Changwen] Jiangsu Res Inst Bldg Sci Co Ltd, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The China Scholarship Council (CSC) provided financial support for PF. The authors are grateful to Chiara Ferraris, Ken Snyder, and Paramita Mondal for helpful discussions during the preparation of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 EI 1879-0526 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 96 BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.186 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CR5RX UT WOS:000361402700044 PM 26722191 ER PT J AU Madan, J Mani, M Lee, JH Lyons, KW AF Madan, Jatinder Mani, Mahesh Lee, Jae Hyun Lyons, Kevin W. TI Energy performance evaluation and improvement of unit-manufacturing processes: injection molding case study SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Sustainable manufacturing; Unit-manufacturing process; Energy; Estimation; Evaluation; Improvement ID CONSUMPTION; SUSTAINABILITY; REQUIREMENTS; METHODOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMS AB In an effort to make more sustainable decisions, industry seeks reliable methods to assess and compare sustainability for manufacturing. Sustainability characterization is intended to provide such a reliable method to access and track sustainability information. As a step towards developing a standard reference for sustainability characterization of unit-manufacturing processes, in this paper, we focus on injection molding with energy as a sustainability indicator. This paper proposes a science-based guideline for energy: (i) prediction, (ii) benchmarking and performance evaluation, and (iii) improvement, for unit-manufacturing processes, which unlike the previous methods does not require a physical benchmark. We discuss in detail the steps of the proposed guideline for the injection molding process. The guideline considers different influencing factors such as part geometry, material-related physical and processing properties, and the manufacturing equipment information. The guideline is implemented by developing a user friendly system, and is demonstrated by a case study. We expect this work to contribute to the development of a standard reference methodology to help further sustainability in the manufacturing sector. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Madan, Jatinder; Mani, Mahesh; Lee, Jae Hyun; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madan, Jatinder] St Longowal Inst Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Longowal, Punjab, India. [Mani, Mahesh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Jae Hyun] Daegu Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Gyongsan, Gyeongsangbuk D, South Korea. RP Madan, J (reprint author), Chandigarh Coll Engn & Technol, Chandigarh, India. EM jatindermadan@ccet.ac.in FU University of Maryland; NIST FX Mention of commercial products or services in this paper does not imply approval or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that such products or services are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The work presented in this paper was funded in part by the cooperative agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 105 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.060 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP5XR UT WOS:000359959200013 ER PT J AU Desai, AR Xu, K Tian, HQ Weishampel, P Thom, J Baumann, D Andrews, AE Cook, BD King, JY Kolka, R AF Desai, Ankur R. Xu, Ke Tian, Hanqin Weishampel, Peter Thom, Jonathan Baumann, Dan Andrews, Arlyn E. Cook, Bruce D. King, Jennifer Y. Kolka, Randall TI Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower (vol 201, pg 61, 2015) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Desai, Ankur R.; Xu, Ke; Thom, Jonathan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tian, Hanqin] Auburn Univ, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Weishampel, Peter] Natl Ecol Observ Network Inc, Great Lakes Domain, Land O Lakes, WI USA. [Baumann, Dan] US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Water Sci Ctr, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cook, Bruce D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [King, Jennifer Y.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kolka, Randall] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Desai, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM desai@aos.wisc.edu RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 211 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.05.007 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN8PC UT WOS:000358702100001 ER PT J AU Fine, R Miller, MB Burley, J Jaffe, DA Pierce, RB Lin, MY Gustin, MS AF Fine, Rebekka Miller, Matthieu B. Burley, Joel Jaffe, Daniel A. Pierce, R. Bradley Lin, Meiyun Gustin, Mae Sexauer TI Variability and sources of surface ozone at rural sites in Nevada, USA: Results from two years of the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone air quality; Long-range transport; Interstate transport; Stratospheric intrusions; Wildfires; National Ambient Air Quality Standards ID RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; EUROPE; IMPACT AB Ozone (O-3) has been measured at Great Basin National Park (GBNP) since September 1993. GBNP is located in a remote, rural area of eastern Nevada. Data indicate that GBNP will not comply with a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O-3, which is based upon the 3-year average of the annual 4th highest Maximum Daily 8-h Average (MDA8) concentration. Trend analyses for GBNP data collected from 1993 to 2013 indicate that MDA8 O-3 increased significantly for November to February, and May. The greatest increase was for May at 0.38, 0.35, and 0.46 ppb yr(-1) for the 95th, 50th, and 5th percentiles of MDA8 O-3 values, respectively. With the exception of GBNP, continuous O-3 monitoring in Nevada has been limited to the greater metropolitan areas. Due to the limited spatial detail of O-3 measurements in rural Nevada, a network of rural monitoring sites was established beginning in July 2011. For a period ranging from July 2011 to June 2013, maximum MDA8 O-3 at 6 sites occurred in the spring and summer, and ranged from 68 to 80 ppb. Our analyses indicate that GBNP, in particular, is ideally positioned to intercept air containing elevated O-3 derived from regional and global sources. For the 2 year period considered here, MDA8 O-3 at GBNP was an average of 3.1 to 12.6 ppb higher than at other rural Nevada sites. Measured MDA8 O-3 at GBNP exceeded the current regulatory threshold of 75 ppb on 7 occasions. Analyses of synoptic conditions, model tracers, and air mass back-trajectories on these days indicate that stratospheric intrusions, interstate pollution transport, wildfires, and Asian pollution contributed to elevated O-3 observed at GBNP. We suggest that regional and global sources of ozone may pose challenges to achieving a more stringent O-3 NAAQS in rural Nevada. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fine, Rebekka; Miller, Matthieu B.; Gustin, Mae Sexauer] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Burley, Joel] St Marys Coll, Dept Chem, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Sci & Technol Program, Bothell, WA USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fine, R (reprint author), 1664 N Virginia St,MS 186, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM rebekkafine@gmail.com; mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU Nevada Division of Environmental Protection [DEP 11-006] FX This work was funded by the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection under contract DEP 11-006. Personnel from the Nevada Division of State Parks, the National Park Service, the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, and the Cripps and Lesperance families assisted with maintenance of field sites. We also thank Ashley Pierce and Emma Yates for providing comments on the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this manuscript are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 530 BP 471 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.027 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL0CH UT WOS:000356605800052 PM 25548133 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Robbins, MN Eguchi, T Owens, DW Meylan, AB Meylan, PA Kellar, NM Schwenter, JA Nollens, HH LeRoux, RA Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA AF Allen, Camryn D. Robbins, Michelle N. Eguchi, Tomoharu Owens, David W. Meylan, Anne B. Meylan, Peter A. Kellar, Nicholas M. Schwenter, Jeffrey A. Nollens, Hendrik H. LeRoux, Robin A. Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI First Assessment of the Sex Ratio for an East Pacific Green Sea Turtle Foraging Aggregation: Validation and Application of a Testosterone ELISA SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; GROWTH-RATES; SAN-DIEGO; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; STEROIDS; FLORIDA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AB Determining sex ratios of endangered populations is important for wildlife management, particularly species subject to sex-specific threats or that exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination. Sea turtle sex is determined by incubation temperature and individuals lack external sex-based traits until sexual maturity. Previous research utilized serum/plasma testosterone radioimmunoassays (RIA) to determine sex in immature/juvenile sea turtles. However, there has been a growing application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for wildlife endocrinology studies, but no study on sea turtles has compared the results of ELISA and RIA. This study provides the first sex ratio for a threatened East Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging aggregation, a critical step for future management of this species. Here, we validate a testosterone ELISA and compare results between RIA and ELISA of duplicate samples. The ELISA demonstrated excellent correspondence with the RIA for providing testosterone concentrations for sex determination. Neither assay proved reliable for predicting the sex of reproductively active females with increased testosterone production. We then applied ELISA to examine the sex ratio of 69 green turtles foraging in San Diego Bay, California. Of 45 immature turtles sampled, sex could not be determined for three turtles because testosterone concentrations fell between the ranges for either sex (females: 4.1-113.1 pg/mL, males: 198.4-2,613.0 pg/mL) and these turtles were not subsequently recaptured to enable sex determination; using a Bayesian model to predict probabilities of turtle sex we predicted all three 'unknowns' were female (> 0.86). Additionally, the model assigned all turtles with their correct sex (if determined at recapture) with 100% accuracy. Results indicated a female bias (2.83F: 1M) among all turtles in the aggregation; when focusing only on putative immature turtles the sex ratio was 3.5F:1M. With appropriate validation, ELISA sexing could be applied to other sea turtle species, and serve as a crucial conservation tool. C1 [Allen, Camryn D.; Robbins, Michelle N.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; Kellar, Nicholas M.; LeRoux, Robin A.; Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Owens, David W.; Schwenter, Jeffrey A.] Univ Charleston South Carolina, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Meylan, Anne B.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Meylan, Peter A.] Eckerd Coll, Nat Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. [Nollens, Hendrik H.] SeaWorld San Diego, Vet Serv, San Diego, CA USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM camryn.allen@noaa.gov FU Wildlife Conservation Society; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Sea Turtle Conservancy; Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo FX Support for the Panama research was provided to ABM and PAM by the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The funding is renewed annually but there is not a grant number. Wildlife Conservation Society is at: http://www.wcs.org/. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute is at: https://www.stri.si.edu/. The research in Bermuda was conducted as part of the Bermuda Turtle Project and was supported by the Sea Turtle Conservancy and the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo. The funding is provided to ABM and PAM and is renewed annually. There are no grant numbers. Sea Turtle Conservancy is at: http://www.conserveturtles.org/. The Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo is at: www.bamz.org. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0138861 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0138861 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU0CK UT WOS:000363183100029 PM 26465620 ER PT J AU Zapata, F Goetz, FE Smith, SA Howison, M Siebert, S Church, SH Sanders, SM Ames, CL McFadden, CS France, SC Daly, M Collins, AG Haddock, SHD Dunn, CW Cartwright, P AF Zapata, Felipe Goetz, Freya E. Smith, Stephen A. Howison, Mark Siebert, Stefan Church, Samuel H. Sanders, Steven M. Ames, Cheryl Lewis McFadden, Catherine S. France, Scott C. Daly, Marymegan Collins, Allen G. Haddock, Steven H. D. Dunn, Casey W. Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenomic Analyses Support Traditional Relationships within Cnidaria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLASS-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; ANTHOZOA CNIDARIA; OCTOCORALLIA CNIDARIA; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; CHARACTER EVOLUTION; HYDROZOA; RDNA; SEQUENCES; MEDUSOZOA AB Cnidaria, the sister group to Bilateria, is a highly diverse group of animals in terms of morphology, lifecycles, ecology, and development. How this diversity originated and evolved is not well understood because phylogenetic relationships among major cnidarian lineages are unclear, and recent studies present contrasting phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we use transcriptome data from 15 newly-sequenced species in combination with 26 publicly available genomes and transcriptomes to assess phylogenetic relationships among major cnidarian lineages. Phylogenetic analyses using different partition schemes and models of molecular evolution, as well as topology tests for alternative phylogenetic relationships, support the monophyly of Medusozoa, Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Hydrozoa, and a clade consisting of Staurozoa, Cubozoa, and Scyphozoa. Support for the monophyly of Hexacorallia is weak due to the equivocal position of Ceriantharia. Taken together, these results further resolve deep cnidarian relationships, largely support traditional phylogenetic views on relationships, and provide a historical framework for studying the evolutionary processes involved in one of the most ancient animal radiations. C1 [Zapata, Felipe; Goetz, Freya E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Howison, Mark; Siebert, Stefan; Church, Samuel H.; Dunn, Casey W.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Howison, Mark] Brown Univ, Comp Serv, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Howison, Mark] Brown Univ, Informat Serv, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sanders, Steven M.; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC USA. [Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McFadden, Catherine S.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [France, Scott C.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Daly, Marymegan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Haddock, Steven H. D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Zapata, F (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM felipe_zapata@brown.edu OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-2035-9531; Zapata, Felipe/0000-0002-9386-0573; Dunn, Casey/0000-0003-0628-5150; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU National Science Foundation Cnidarian Tree of Life Project [DEB 05-31799]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0953571, RII-C2 EPS-1005789]; National Science Foundation Alan T Waterman Award; National Institutes of Health [P30RR031153]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR [EPS-1004057]; State of Rhode Island; Smithsonian Peter Buck Fellowship; Iridian Genomes Inc. FX This project was supported by the National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov) Cnidarian Tree of Life Project (DEB 05-31799 to PC and AGC), National Science Foundation DEB-0953571 to PC and the National Science Foundation Alan T Waterman Award to CWD. Sequencing at the Brown Genomics Core facility was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (http://www.nih.gov) P30RR031153 and National Science Foundation EPSCoR EPS-1004057. Data transfer was supported by National Science Foundation RII-C2 EPS-1005789. Analyses were conducted with computational resources and services at the Center for Computation and Visualization at Brown University, supported in part by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR EPS-1004057 and the State of Rhode Island. Cubozoan samples were collected by CLA thanks to research funds from a Smithsonian Peter Buck Fellowship and Iridian Genomes Inc. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 10 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 AR e0139068 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0139068 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU0CK UT WOS:000363183100037 PM 26465609 ER PT J AU King, AL Jenkins, BD Wallace, JR Liu, Y Wikfors, GH Milke, LM Meseck, SL AF King, Andrew L. Jenkins, Bethany D. Wallace, Joselynn R. Liu, Yuan Wikfors, Gary H. Milke, Lisa M. Meseck, Shannon L. TI Effects of CO2 on growth rate, C:N:P, and fatty acid composition of seven marine phytoplankton species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Carbon dioxide; Ocean acidification; Elemental stoichiometry; Fatty acid composition; Diatom; Chlorophyte ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; ELEMENTAL STOICHIOMETRY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INCREASED PCO(2); ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED PCO(2); SEAWATER; DIATOM AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary substrate for photosynthesis by the phytoplankton that form the base of the marine food web and mediate biogeochemical cycling of C and nutrient elements. Specific growth rate and elemental composition (C:N:P) were characterized for 7 cosmopolitan coastal and oceanic phytoplankton species (5 diatoms and 2 chlorophytes) using low density, nutrient-replete, semi-continuous culture experiments in which CO2 was manipulated to 4 levels ranging from post-bloom/glacial maxima (< 290 ppm) to geological maxima levels (> 2900 ppm). Specific growth rates at high CO2 were from 19 to 60% higher than in low CO2 treatments in 4 species and 44% lower in 1 species; there was no significant change in 2 species. Higher CO2 availability also resulted in elevated C: P and N: P molar ratios in Thalassiosira pseudonana (similar to 60 to 90% higher), lower C:P and N:P molar ratios in 3 species (similar to 20 to 50% lower), and no change in 3 species. Carbonate system-driven changes in growth rate did not necessarily result in changes in elemental composition, or vice versa. In a subset of 4 species for which fatty acid composition was examined, elevated CO2 did not affect the contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids significantly. These species show relatively little sensitivity between present day CO2 and predicted ocean acidification scenarios (year 2100). The results, however, demonstrate that CO2 availability at environmentally and geologically relevant scales can result in large changes in phytoplankton physiology, with potentially large feedbacks to ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure. C1 [King, Andrew L.; Liu, Yuan; Wikfors, Gary H.; Milke, Lisa M.; Meseck, Shannon L.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [King, Andrew L.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, N-5010 Bergen, Norway. [Jenkins, Bethany D.; Wallace, Joselynn R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP King, AL (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM andrew.king@gmail.com FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program [OAPFY11.01, FY12.02, FY13.03.NEFSC.001]; National Science Foundation [OCE0962208]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX We thank M. Dixon, J. Alix, S. Pitchford, D. Kapareiko, K. Hamel, K. Boeff, K. Dickinson, Z. Cao, B. Alix, and G. Bernatchez for technical assistance; D. McCorkle and R. Belastock for facilitating access to the WHOI ESL seawater pumping system; J. Wells (Memorial University Newfoundland) for technical assistance with fatty acid methyl ester analyses; and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAPFY11.01, FY12.02, FY13.03.NEFSC.001), the National Science Foundation to B.D.J. (OCE0962208), and the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (A.L.K.). NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 76 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 537 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.3354/meps11458 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU0BR UT WOS:000363180900006 ER PT J AU Yamada, SB Peterson, WT Kosro, PM AF Yamada, Sylvia Behrens Peterson, William T. Kosro, P. Michael TI Biological and physical ocean indicators predict the success of an invasive crab, Carcinus maenas, in the northern California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE European green crab; California current system; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; El Nino; Alongshore currents; Plankton community structure; Year-class strength; Recruitment ID EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB; DETECTING REGIME SHIFTS; TIDAL STREAM TRANSPORT; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WEST-COAST; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; DISPERSAL; IMPACTS AB An introduced population of European green crabs Carcinus maenas was established in San Francisco Bay (California, USA) prior to 1989. Subsequently, their larvae were likely carried northward into the embayments of Oregon, Washington (USA), and British Columbia (Canada) by the unusually strong Davidson Current during the winter of the El Nino of 1997-1998. Since this colonizing event, green crabs in Oregon and Washington have persisted at low densities. In this study, we show that after the arrival of the strong founding year-class of 1998, significant recruitment to the Oregon and Washington populations has occurred, but only in 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2010. Warm winter water temperatures, high positive values of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Multivariate ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) indices in March, weak southward shelf currents in March and April, a late biological spring transition, and high abundance of subtropical copepods are all strongly correlated with strong year-classes. We hypothesize that northward transport of larvae from California by coastal currents during warm winters is the mechanism by which the larvae are delivered to the Pacific Northwest. Among the best indicators of northward flow (and green crab recruitment) were the date of 'biological spring transition', the sign of the PDO, and the biomass of southern copepod species, which indicate (1) stronger northward flow of coastal waters during winters, (2) relatively warm winters (sea surface temperature >10 degrees C), which enable larvae to complete their development in the near-shore, and (3) coastal circulation patterns that may keep larvae close to shore, where they can be carried by tidal currents into estuaries to settle. C1 [Yamada, Sylvia Behrens] Oregon State Univ, Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yamada, SB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Integrat Biol, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM yamadas@science.oregonstate.edu OI Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558 FU Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission; U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics program; National Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA/NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Program; NOAA/NMFS Fisheries and the Environment Program; NANOOS/IOOS FX Catch data for age-0 European green crabs were compiled from Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife data files, publications by S.B.Y. and P.M.K., and from status reports for Carcinus maenas in Oregon and Washington for 2002-2014 prepared by S.B.Y. for the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. We thank A. Randall for her dedication in helping to produce the nearly continuous data set for Willapa Bay. Additonal help was provided by Justin Ainsworth, Summer Knowlton, Bruce Kaufmann, P. Sean McDonald, Joel Prickett, and Wendy Sletton. Chuck's Seafood of Charleston, Oregon, provided most of the bait for the traps. We thank the staff and faculty of the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology for their hospitality while sampling in Coos Bay and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for allowing their shellfish samplers to help with the trapping effort in Netarts and Tillamook Bay. We thank Erika Anderson, William Pearcy and 4 anonymous reviewers for commenting on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission (S.B.Y.) and, through the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics program, by the National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (PMK, WP); this is U.S. GLOBEC contribution #752. W.T.P. also received support from the NOAA/NMFS Stock Assessment Improvement Program and NOAA/NMFS Fisheries and the Environment Program. P.M.K. also received funding from NANOOS/IOOS. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 537 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.3354/meps11431 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU0BR UT WOS:000363180900014 ER PT J AU Moore, ME Berejikian, BA Goetz, FA Berger, AG Hodgson, SS Connor, EJ Quinn, TP AF Moore, Megan E. Berejikian, Barry A. Goetz, Frederick A. Berger, Andrew G. Hodgson, Sayre S. Connor, Edward J. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Multi-population analysis of Puget Sound steelhead survival and migration behavior SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead; Survival; Smolts; Migration; Telemetry ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; ATLANTIC SALMON POSTSMOLTS; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON AB Until recently, research on mortality of anadromous fishes in the marine environment was largely limited to estimates of total mortality and association with group characteristics or the environment. Advances in sonic transmitter technology now allow estimates of survival in discrete marine habitats, yielding important information on species of conservation concern. Previous telemetry studies of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts in Puget Sound, Washington, USA indicated that approx. 80% of fish entering marine waters did not survive to the Pacific Ocean. The present study re-examined data from previous research and incorporated data from additional Puget Sound populations (n = 7 wild and 6 hatchery populations) tagged during the same period (2006-2009) for a comprehensive analysis of steelhead early marine survival. We used mark-recapture models to examine the effects of several factors on smolt survival and to identify areas of Puget Sound where mortality rates were highest. Wild smolts had higher survival probabilities in general than hatchery smolts, with exceptions, and wild smolts released in early April and late May had a higher probability of survival than those released in early and mid-May. Steelhead smolts suffered greater instantaneous mortality rates in the central region of Puget Sound and from the north end of Hood Canal through Admiralty Inlet than in other monitored migration segments. Early marine survival rates were low (16.0 and 11.4% for wild and hatchery populations, respectively) and consistent among wild populations, indicating a common rather than watershed-specific mortality source. With segment-specific survival information we can begin to identify locations associated with high rates of mortality, and identify the mechanisms responsible. C1 [Moore, Megan E.; Berejikian, Barry A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Environm & Fisheries Sci, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Goetz, Frederick A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. [Berger, Andrew G.] Puyallup Tribe Indians, Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Dept, Tacoma, WA 98404 USA. [Hodgson, Sayre S.] Nisqually Indian Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98513 USA. [Connor, Edward J.] City Seattle, Seattle City Light, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moore, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Environm & Fisheries Sci, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM megan.moore@noaa.gov FU Steelhead Trout Club; Wild Steelhead Coalition; Nisqually Tribe; Puyallup Tribe; Squaxin Tribe; H. Mason Keeler Endowment; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; King County Department of Natural Resources; Seattle City Light; US Army Corps of Engineers; NOAA Fisheries; Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking; Washington State FX This is Publication Number 2 from the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: an international, collaborative research effort designed to determine the primary factors affecting the survival of juvenile chinook, coho and steelhead survival in the combined marine waters of Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia (marinesurvivalproject.com). Funding was provided by Washington State with equal in-kind contributions by those participating in the research. Additional funding was provided by the Steelhead Trout Club, Wild Steelhead Coalition, Nisqually Tribe, Puyallup Tribe, Squaxin Tribe, H. Mason Keeler Endowment to the University of Washington, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle City Light, US Army Corps of Engineers, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking. The study could not have been successful without the help of several individuals, to whom we are grateful, especially Skip Tezak, Joy Lee Waltermire, Rick Endicott, Teresa Sjostrom, Sean Hildebrandt, Mat Gillam, Eric Jeanes, Catherine Morello, Bob Leland, Kelly Kiyohara, Pat Michael, Brody Antipa, Pete Topping, Deborah Feldman, Kelly Andrews, John Blaine, Jim Deveraux, Correigh Greene, Shawn Larson, Jeff Christiansen, John Rupp, Chuck Ebel, Hal Boynton, Nate Mantua, John Kelly, Ed Conroy, Jose Reyes-Tomassini, Jennifer Scheurell, Chris Ewing, Dawn Pucci, Kurt Dobszinsky, Paul Winchell, David Welch, Debbie Goetz, Jose Gimenez, Aswea Porter, Emiliano Perez, Craig Smith, Tim Willson, Florian Leischner, Christopher Ellings, and Scott Steltzner. We also thank Mike Melnychuk and Jeff Laake for crucial support of the mark-recapture modeling process. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 537 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps11460 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU0BR UT WOS:000363180900017 ER PT J AU Hertz, E Trudel, M Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Eisner, L Farley, EV Harding, JA MacFarlane, RB Mazumder, S Moss, JH Murphy, JM Mazumder, A AF Hertz, Eric Trudel, M. Brodeur, R. D. Daly, E. A. Eisner, L. Farley, E. V., Jr. Harding, J. A. MacFarlane, R. B. Mazumder, S. Moss, J. H. Murphy, J. M. Mazumder, A. TI Continental-scale variability in the feeding ecology of juvenile Chinook salmon along the coastal Northeast Pacific Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Diet; Stable isotope; Trophic level; Turnover; Diet dependent discrimination factor; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Carbon; Nitrogen; Niche width; Ontogeny ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY-WIDE MEASURES; ONTOGENIC DIET SHIFTS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MARINE SURVIVAL; WEST-COAST AB Trophic interactions within and among species vary widely across spatial scales and species' ontogeny. However, the drivers and implications of this variability are not well understood. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have a wide distribution, ranging from northern California to the eastern Bering Sea in North America, but it is largely unknown how their feeding ecology varies and changes with ontogeny across this range. We collected juvenile Chinook salmon and zooplankton using standardized protocols along the coastal Northeast Pacific Ocean. Using a combination of stomach contents and stable isotopes of nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) to characterize feeding ecology, we found regional differences in prey utilization by juvenile Chinook salmon. With growth and ontogeny, juvenile salmon in all regions became equilibrated with oceanic isotopic values. There were regional differences in the d13C values of juvenile Chinook salmon that may correspond to regional differences in sea surface temperature. There were also regional differences in stable isotope-derived trophic level, and these estimates differed from those derived from stomach contents, possibly due to the different periods over which these metrics integrate. Dietary niche width, as indicated by stable isotopes, corresponded to the expected dietary diversity from stomach contents, combined with the isotopic variability seen in baseline values. Our results indicate strong geographic and ontogenetic differences in feeding ecology of juvenile Chinook salmon. These differences are likely influenced by a combination of ocean-entry date, ocean-entry size, ontogeny, growth rates and regional conditions. C1 [Hertz, Eric; Trudel, M.; Mazumder, S.; Mazumder, A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Trudel, M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Brodeur, R. D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, E. A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Eisner, L.; Farley, E. V., Jr.; Moss, J. H.; Murphy, J. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Harding, J. A.; MacFarlane, R. B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hertz, E (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 3020,Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. EM hertzy@uvic.ca RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012; OI Hertz, Eric/0000-0002-2733-3812 FU NSERC; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; US National Marine Fisheries Service; Bonneville Power Administration FX The authors thank the numerous colleagues who were instrumental in collecting and processing the salmon in this study. We also thank the captains and crews of the CCGS 'W. E. Ricker', FV 'Frosti', and FV 'Sea Storm'. We thank Skip McKinnell for collating the sea surface temperature data. Marisa Litz, Brian Starzomski, James Robinson, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank NSERC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the US National Marine Fisheries Service and Bonneville Power Administration for funding. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 537 BP 247 EP 263 DI 10.3354/meps11440 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU0BR UT WOS:000363180900019 ER PT J AU Hall, AG Avens, L McNeill, JB Wallace, B Goshe, LR AF Hall, April Goodman Avens, Larisa McNeill, Joanne Braun Wallace, Bryan Goshe, Lisa R. TI Inferring long-term foraging trends of individual juvenile loggerhead sea turtles using stable isotopes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Individual specialization; Niche width; Resource use; Stable isotopes ID CARETTA-CARETTA; MIXING MODELS; NICHE WIDTH; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; GREEN TURTLES; RESOURCE USE; DIET; SPECIALIZATION; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB Individual variation in diet composition has important evolutionary, ecological, and conservation implications. However, few studies of marine turtles have examined long-term foraging behavior of individuals. Using stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope values from blood plasma, we examined long-term variation in resource use of 27 juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta captured multiple times in North Carolina between 2001 and 2010. Seven turtles displayed a marked increase in delta N-15 values consistent with a shift from oceanic to neritic habitat. These turtles, which we designated as 'recruits', had initial straightline carapace lengths (SCL) and delta N-15 values at first sampling that were significantly lower (p = 0.007 and p < 0.0001, respectively) than the remaining 20 'resident' turtles. For the resident group, the influence of SCL on delta C-13 (p = 0.02) and delta N-15 (p = 0.05) values was significant. Individual effects on delta C-13 values were also significant (p < 0.001), indicating that foraging patterns vary among individuals; however, individual effects were not significant for delta N-15 (p = 0.07). Stable isotope niche width calculations suggested that residents were consistent in resource selection over time, and individuals were specialized in resource use relative to the population. Also, the resident population was more specialized than generalized in resource use, and stable isotope mixing (MixSIAR) model results suggest their diet is largely comprised of horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus. These findings improve understanding of the foraging ecology of juvenile loggerhead turtles, and highlight the importance of examining the long-term diet composition of individuals. C1 [Hall, April Goodman; Avens, Larisa; McNeill, Joanne Braun; Goshe, Lisa R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Wallace, Bryan] Stratus Consulting, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Wallace, Bryan] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hall, AG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM april.goodman@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 537 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.3354/meps11452 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CU0BR UT WOS:000363180900020 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Vlaisavljevich, B Britt, DK Brown, CM Haranczyk, M Neaton, JB Smit, B Long, JR Queen, WL AF Lee, Jason S. Vlaisavljevich, Bess Britt, David K. Brown, Craig M. Haranczyk, Maciej Neaton, Jeffrey B. Smit, Berend Long, Jeffrey R. Queen, Wendy L. TI Understanding Small-Molecule Interactions in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Coupling Experiment with Theory SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE metal-organic frameworks; density functional theory; gas adsorption; porous; in situ characterization ID CRYSTALLINE POROUS MATERIALS; IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; LEWIS-ACID CATALYSIS; SOLID-STATE NMR; CO2 ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; FORCE-FIELD AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained much attention as next-generation porous media for various applications, especially gas separation/storage, and catalysis. New MOFs are regularly reported; however, to develop better materials in a timely manner for specific applications, the interactions between guest molecules and the internal surface of the framework must first be understood. A combined experimental and theoretical approach is presented, which proves essential for the elucidation of small-molecule interactions in a model MOF system known as M-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn), a material whose adsorption properties can be readily tuned via chemical substitution. It is additionally shown that the study of extensive families like this one can provide a platform to test the efficacy and accuracy of developing computational methodologies in slightly varying chemical environments, a task that is necessary for their evolution into viable, robust tools for screening large numbers of materials. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Britt, David K.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Jason S.; Vlaisavljevich, Bess; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Haranczyk, Maciej] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend; Queen, Wendy L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Dept Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Queen, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wendy.queen@epfl.ch RI Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Britt, David/D-4675-2009; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Vlaisavljevich, Bess/Q-9737-2016; OI Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Vlaisavljevich, Bess/0000-0001-6065-0732; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341 FU Nanoporous Materials Genome Center of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; Center for Applied Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA) - U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Nanoporous Materials Genome Center of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Award Number DE-FG02-12ER16362 for the support of J.S.L. and W.Q. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0001015 for the support of C.B., J.N., B.S., and J.R.L. M.H. was supported by the Center for Applied Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 137 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 30 U2 234 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 38 SI SI BP 5785 EP 5796 DI 10.1002/adma.201500966 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT3SW UT WOS:000362728200013 PM 26033176 ER PT J AU Jeong, C Douglas, JF AF Jeong, Cheol Douglas, Jack F. TI Mass dependence of the activation enthalpy and entropy of unentangled linear alkane chains SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIQUID-GLASS TRANSITION; VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS; SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; SPIN-ECHO SPECTROSCOPY; MEYER-NELDEL RULE; FREE-VOLUME MODEL; COMPENSATION LAW; SELF-DIFFUSION; N-ALKANES AB The mass scaling of the self-diffusion coefficient D of polymers in the liquid state, D similar to M-beta, is one of the most basic characteristics of these complex fluids. Although traditional theories such as the Rouse and reptation models of unentangled and entangled polymer melts, respectively, predict that beta is constant, this exponent for alkanes has been estimated experimentally to vary from -1.8 to -2.7 upon cooling. Significantly, beta changes with temperature T under conditions where the chains are not entangled and at temperatures far above the glass transition temperature T-g where dynamic heterogeneity does not complicate the description of the liquid dynamics. Based on atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on unentangled linear alkanes in the melt, we find that the variation of beta with T can be directly attributed to the dependence of the enthalpy Delta H-a and entropy Delta S-a of activation on the number of alkane backbone carbon atoms, n. In addition, we find a sharp change in the melt dynamics near a "critical" chain length, n approximate to 17. A close examination of this phenomenon indicates that a "buckling transition" from rod-like to coiled chain configurations occurs at this characteristic chain length and distinct entropy-enthalpy compensation relations, Delta S-a proportional to Delta H-a, hold on either side of this polymer conformational transition. We conclude that the activation free energy parameters exert a significant influence on the dynamics of polymer melts that is not anticipated by either the Rouse and reptation models. In addition to changes of Delta H-a and Delta S-a with M, we expect changes in these free energy parameters to be crucial for understanding the dynamics of polymer blends, nanocomposites, and confined polymers because of changes of the fluid free energy by interfacial interactions and geometrical confinement. C1 [Jeong, Cheol; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeong, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Jeong, Cheol/0000-0003-0228-3529 NR 130 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 14 AR 144905 DI 10.1063/1.4932601 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CT7CS UT WOS:000362971600041 PM 26472396 ER PT J AU Schachenmayer, J Weld, DM Miyake, H Siviloglou, GA Ketterle, W Daley, AJ AF Schachenmayer, Johannes Weld, David M. Miyake, Hirokazu Siviloglou, Georgios A. Ketterle, Wolfgang Daley, Andrew J. TI Adiabatic cooling of bosons in lattices to magnetically ordered quantum states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; OPTICAL LATTICE; PRODUCT STATES; ATOMS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; MOTION; CHAINS AB We suggest and analyze a scheme to adiabatically cool bosonic atoms to picokelvin temperatures which should allow the observation of magnetic ordering via superexchange in optical lattices. The starting point is a gapped phase called the spin Mott phase, where each site is occupied by one spin-up and one spin-down atom. An adiabatic ramp leads to an xy-ferromagnetic phase. We show that the combination of time-dependent density matrix renormalization group methods with quantum trajectories can be used to fully address possible experimental limitations due to decoherence, and demonstrate that the magnetic correlations are robust for experimentally realizable ramp speeds. Using a microscopic master equation treatment of light scattering in the many-particle system, we test the robustness of adiabatic state preparation against decoherence. Due to different ground-state symmetries, we also find a metastable state with xy-ferromagnetic order if the ramp crosses to regimes where the ground state is a z ferromagnet. The bosonic spin Mott phase as the initial gapped state for adiabatic cooling has many features in common with a fermionic band insulator, but the use of bosons should enable experiments with substantially lower initial entropies. C1 [Schachenmayer, Johannes] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weld, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Weld, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Calif Inst Quantum Emulat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Weld, David M.; Miyake, Hirokazu; Siviloglou, Georgios A.; Ketterle, Wolfgang] MIT, Dept Phys, Elect Res Lab, MIT Harvard Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Daley, Andrew J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Schachenmayer, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU EOARD via AFOSR [FA2386-14-1-5003]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-14-1-0035]; ARO-MURI [W911NF-14-1-0003]; NSF [PHY-0969731, 1066293]; NSF through JILA [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914]; NSF through Center for Ultracold Atoms; Aspen Center for Physics; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0057] FX We thank Colin Kennedy, Stephan Langer, Hannes Pichler, and Saubhik Sarkar for stimulating discussions. This work was supported in part by the EOARD via AFOSR Grant No. FA2386-14-1-5003, by AFOSR MURI FA9550-14-1-0035, by ARO-MURI Grant No. W911NF-14-1-0003, by the NSF through Grant No. PHY-0969731, through JILA under Grants No. JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844 and No. NSF-PIF-1211914, through the Center for Ultracold Atoms, and by the Aspen Center for Physics with support under NSF Grant No. 1066293. Computations utilized the Janus supercomputer, supported by NSF (CNS-0821794), NCAR, and CU Boulder/Denver, and code development was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0057. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 041602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.041602 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CT5ZO UT WOS:000362890000002 ER PT J AU Gibbs, JG Butts, DA AF Gibbs, Justin G. Butts, Douglas A., Jr. TI Warm-Season Thunderstorm Development as a Function of Vertical Distribution of Relative Humidity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; BOUNDARY; ENSEMBLE; FIELDS AB Weakly forced large-scale weather patterns often dominate the warm season (June-September) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. In this regime, forecasting thunderstorm development is often tied to very subtle features, making this task particularly challenging. There appears to be a link between middle- and lower-level moisture content (specifically at 850-700 hPa) and the frequency of thunderstorm development, with little variability in many other meteorological variables. Higher 850-700-hPa relative humidity values link to much higher rates of thunderstorm development. C1 [Gibbs, Justin G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Div, Norman, OK USA. [Butts, Douglas A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Mobile, AL USA. RP Gibbs, JG (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2640, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM justin.gibbs@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 3 IS 13 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6LZ UT WOS:000372903400001 ER PT J AU Churnside, AB Tung, RC Killgore, JP AF Churnside, Allison B. Tung, Ryan C. Killgore, Jason P. TI Quantitative Contact Resonance Force Microscopy for Viscoelastic Measurement of Soft Materials at the Solid-Liquid Interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; MODULATION; VIBRATION; MODES AB Viscoelastic property measurements made at the solid liquid interface are key to characterizing materials for a variety of biological and industrial applications. Further, nanostructured materials require nanoscale measurements. Here, material loss tangents (tan delta) were extracted from confounding liquid effects in nanoscale contact resonance force microscopy (CR-FM), an atomic force microscope based technique for observing mechanical properties of surfaces. Obtaining reliable CR-FM viscoelastic measurements in liquid is complicated by two effects. First, in liquid, spurious signals arise during cantilever excitation. Second, it is challenging to separate changes to cantilever behavior due to the sample from changes due to environmental damping and added mass effects. We overcame these challenges by applying photothermal cantilever excitation in multiple resonance modes and a predictive model for the hydrodynamic effects. We demonstrated quantitative, nanoscale viscoelastic CR-FM measurements of polymers at the solid liquid interface. The technique is demonstrated on a point-by-point basis on polymer samples and while imaging in contact mode on a fixed plant cell wall. Values of tan delta for measurements made in water agreed with the values for measurements in air for some experimental conditions on polystyrene and for all examined conditions on polypropylene. C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; Killgore, Jason P.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tung, Ryan C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89667 USA. RP Killgore, JP (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Jason.Killgore@nist.gov FU NIST; National Research Council FX This work was funded by NIST and by National Research Council Research Associateship awards to A.B.C. and R.C.T. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 40 BP 11143 EP 11149 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02860 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CT6KC UT WOS:000362920900024 PM 26426705 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Warren, JA AF Levitas, Valery I. Warren, James A. TI Thermodynamically consistent phase field theory of phase transformations with anisotropic interface energies and stresses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; LARGE STRAINS; MODEL; SURFACES; SHARP; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATION; NANOSCALE AB Themain focus of this paper is to introduce, in a thermodynamically consistent manner, an anisotropic interface energy into a phase field theory for phase transformations. Here we use a small strain formulation for simplicity, but we retain some geometric nonlinearities, which are necessary for introducing correct interface stresses. Previous theories have assumed the free energy density (i.e., gradient energy) is an anisotropic function of the gradient of the order parameters in the current (deformed) state, which yields a nonsymmetric Cauchy stress tensor. This violates two fundamental principles: the angular momentum equation and the principle of material objectivity. Here, it is justified that for a noncontradictory theory the gradient energy must be an isotropic function of the gradient of the order parameters in the current state, which also depends anisotropically on the direction of the gradient of the order parameters in the reference state. A complete system of thermodynamically consistent equations is presented. We find that the main contribution to the Ginzburg-Landau equation resulting from small strains arises from the anisotropy of the interface energy, which was neglected before. The explicit expression for the free energy is justified. An analytical solution for the nonequilibrium interface and critical nucleus has been found and a parametric study is performed for orientation dependence of the interface energy and width as well as the distribution of interface stresses. C1 [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vlevitas@iastate.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation [CMMI-1536925, DMR-1434613]; Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0340]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [W31P4Q-13-1-0010]; Office of Naval Research; Iowa State University (Schafer 2050 Challenge Professorship) FX The support of National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Science Foundation (CMMI-1536925 and DMR-1434613), Army Research Office (W911NF-12-1-0340), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (W31P4Q-13-1-0010), Office of Naval Research, and Iowa State University (Schafer 2050 Challenge Professorship) are gratefully acknowledged. A major part of this work was performed during sabbatical stay at NIST (V.I.L.). Certain commercial software and materials are identified in this report in order to specify the procedures adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or software identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 13 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 14 AR 144106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.144106 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CT6AK UT WOS:000362892500002 ER PT J AU Zheng, XQ Wu, H Chen, J Zhang, B Li, YQ Hu, FX Sun, JR Huang, QZ Shen, BG AF Zheng, X. Q. Wu, H. Chen, J. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Q. Hu, F. X. Sun, J. R. Huang, Q. Z. Shen, B. G. TI The physical mechanism of magnetic field controlled magnetocaloric effect and magnetoresistance in bulk PrGa compound SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; METAMAGNETIC TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2); SYSTEMS; RGA AB The PrGa compound shows excellent performance on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and magnetoresistance (MR). The physical mechanism of MCE and MR in PrGa compound was investigated and elaborated in detail on the basis of magnetic measurement, heat capacity measurement and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) experiment. New types of magnetic structure and magnetic transition are found. The results of the NPD along with the saturation magnetic moment (M-S) and magnetic entropy (S-M) indicate that the magnetic moments are randomly distributed within the equivalent conical surface in the ferromagnetic (FM) temperature range. PrGa compound undergoes an FM to FM transition and an FM to paramagnetic (PM) transition as temperature increases. The magnetizing process was discussed in detail and the physical mechanism of the magnetic field controlled magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and the magnetoresistance (MR) was studied. The formation of the plateau on MCE curve was explained and MR was calculated in detail on the basis of the magnetic structure and the analysis of the magnetizing process. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the calculations. Finally, the expression of MR = beta(T)X-2 and its application conditions were discussed, where X is M(H)/M-eff, and M-eff is the paramagnetic effective moment. C1 [Zheng, X. Q.; Zhang, B.; Li, Y. Q.; Hu, F. X.; Sun, J. R.; Shen, B. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zheng, X. Q.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zheng, X. Q.; Wu, H.; Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, J.] China Aerosp Sci & Technol Corp, Beijing Inst Aerosp Testing Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Shen, BG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM shenbg@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2014CB643700]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11274357, 51501005, 51531008, 51271196]; Strategic Priority Research Program B [XDB07030200]; Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, Grant No. 2014CB643700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11274357, 51501005, 51531008, 51271196), the Strategic Priority Research Program B (Grant No. XDB07030200) and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 12 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 14970 DI 10.1038/srep14970 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT1ME UT WOS:000362561700001 PM 26455711 ER PT J AU King, A Nixon, C AF King, Andrew Nixon, Chris TI AGN flickering and chaotic accretion SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: active; quasars: supermassive black holes; galaxies: Seyfert; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE; OUTER REGIONS; DISKS; EVOLUTION; QUASAR; EMISSION; GROWTH; SPIN; MASS AB Observational arguments suggest that the growth phases of the supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei have a characteristic time-scale similar to 10(5) yr. We show that this is the time-scale expected in the chaotic accretion picture of black hole feeding, because of the effect of self-gravity in limiting the mass of any accretion-disc feeding event. C1 [King, Andrew] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP King, A (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM ark@astro.le.ac.uk OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU STFC Consolidated Grant; NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130098] FX Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Consolidated Grant. CN was supported for this work by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2015 VL 453 IS 1 BP L46 EP L47 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slv098 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CR4KG UT WOS:000361300300010 ER PT J AU Guesnet, V Lassalle, G Chaalali, A Kearney, K Saint-Beat, B Karimi, B Grami, B Tecchio, S Niquil, N Lobry, J AF Guesnet, Vanessa Lassalle, Geraldine Chaalali, Aurelie Kearney, Kelly Saint-Beat, Blanche Karimi, Battle Grami, Boutheina Tecchio, Samuele Niquil, Nathalie Lobry, Jeremy TI Incorporating food-web parameter uncertainty into Ecopath-derived ecological network indicators SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecosystem models; Network analysis; Parameter uncertainty; Comparative studies ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC NETWORKS; MODELS; STABILITY; FISHERIES; MATURITY; STRATEGY; PACKAGE; IMPACT; ECOSIM AB Ecological network analysis (ENA) provides numerous ecosystem level indices offering a valuable approach to compare and categorize the ecological structure and function of ecosystems. The inclusion of ENA methods in Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) has insured their continued contribution to ecosystem-based management. In EwE, ENA-derived ecological conclusions are currently based on single values of ENA indices calculated from a unique input flow matrix. Here, we document an easy-to-use routine that allows EwE users to incorporate uncertainty in EwE input data into the calculation of ENA indices. This routine, named ENAtool, is a suite of Matlab functions that performs three main steps: (1) import of an existing Ecopath model and its associated parameter uncertainty values in the form of uncertainty intervals into Matlab; (2) generation of an ensemble of Ecopath models with the same structure as the original, and with parameter values varying based on the prescribed uncertainty limits; and (3) calculation of a set of 13 ENA indices for each ensemble member (one set of flow values) and of summary statistics across the whole ensemble. This novel routine offers the opportunity to calculate ENA indices ranges and confidence intervals, and thus to perform quantitative data analyses. An application of ENAtool on a pre-existing Ecopath model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf is presented, with a focus on the robustness of previously published ENA-based ecological traits of this ecosystem when the newly introduced uncertainty values are added. We also describe the sensitivity of the ENAtool results to both the number of ensemble members used and to the uncertainty interval set around each input parameter. Ecological conclusions derived from EwE, particularly those regarding the comparison of structural and functional elements for a range of ecosystem types or the assessment of ecosystem properties along gradients of environmental conditions or anthropogenic disturbances, will gain in statistical interpretability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guesnet, Vanessa; Lassalle, Geraldine; Lobry, Jeremy] Aquat Ecosyst & Global Changes, UR EABX, IRSTEA, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Chaalali, Aurelie; Tecchio, Samuele; Niquil, Nathalie] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR BOREA 7208, F-14032 Caen 5, France. [Kearney, Kelly] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Saint-Beat, Blanche] Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7266, Littoral Environm & Soc, F-17042 La Rochelle, France. [Karimi, Battle] Pole Univ Pays Montbeliard, Lab Chronoenvironm, UMR 6249, F-25211 Montbeliard, France. [Grami, Boutheina] Univ Carthage, Fac Sci Bizerte, Dept Sci Vie, Lab Cytol Vegetale & Phytoplanctonol, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia. RP Lassalle, G (reprint author), Aquat Ecosyst & Global Changes, UR EABX, IRSTEA, 50 Ave Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France. EM vanessa.guesnet@yahoo.fr; geraldine.lassalle@irstea.fr; aurelie.chaalali@gmail.com; kkearney@rsmas.miami.edu; blanche.saintbeat@gmail.com; karimi.battle@gmail.com; grami.boutheina@gmail.com; samuele.tecchio@unicaen.fr; nathalie.niquil@unicaen.fr; jeremy.lobry@irstea.fr RI Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; Lassalle, Geraldine/H-7150-2014 OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; FU project ANTRO-POSEINE (ANalysis of the TROPhic structure and cOntribution of habitats from the SEINE River estuary) - GIP-Seine Aval; project DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) - European Union under the 7th Framework Programme [308392] FX This research has been mainly supported by the project ANTRO-POSEINE (ANalysis of the TROPhic structure and cOntribution of habitats from the SEINE River estuary) financed by the GIP-Seine Aval (http://seine-aval.crihan.fr/web/). It was also supported by the project DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, 'The Ocean for Tomorrow' Theme (grant agreement no. 308392; www.devotes-project.eu). The authors wanted to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks on the manuscript. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2015 VL 313 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.05.036 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS1YO UT WOS:000361865000003 ER PT J AU Beauchamp, KA Behr, JM Rustenburg, AS Bayly, CI Kroenlein, K Chodera, JD AF Beauchamp, Kyle A. Behr, Julie M. Rustenburg, Arien S. Bayly, Christopher I. Kroenlein, Kenneth Chodera, John D. TI Toward Automated Benchmarking of Atomistic Force Fields: Neat Liquid Densities and Static Dielectric Constants from the ThermoML Data Archive SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; XML-BASED APPROACH; EFFICIENT GENERATION; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; CONDENSED-PHASE; AM1-BCC MODEL; WATER MODEL AB Atomistic molecular simulations are a powerful way to make quantitative predictions, but the accuracy of these predictions depends entirely on the quality of the force field employed. Although experimental measurements of fundamental physical 0 properties offer a straightforward approach for evaluating force field quality, the bulk of this information has been tied up in formats that are not machine-readable. Compiling benchmark data sets of physical properties from non-machine-readable sources requires substantial human effort and is prone to the accumulation of human errors, hindering the development of reproducible benchmarks of force-field accuracy. Here, we examine the feasibility of benchmarking atomistic force fields against the NIST ThermoML data archive of physicochemical measurements, which aggregates thousands of experimental measurements in a portable, machine-readable, self-annotating IUPAC-standard format. As a proof of concept, we present a detailed benchmark of the generalized Amber small-molecule force field (GAFF) using the AM1-BCC charge model against experimental measurements (specifically, bulk liquid densities and static dielectric constants at ambient pressure) automatically extracted from the archive and discuss the extent of data available for use in larger scale (or continuously performed) benchmarks. The results of even this limited initial benchmark highlight a general problem with fixed-charge force fields in the representation low-dielectric environments, such as those seen in binding cavities or biological membranes. C1 [Beauchamp, Kyle A.; Chodera, John D.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Sloan Kettering Inst, Computat Biol Program, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Behr, Julie M.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Triinst Program Computat Biol & Med, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Rustenburg, Arien S.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Grad Program Physiol Biophys & Syst Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Bayly, Christopher I.] OpenEye Sci Software Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Kroenlein, Kenneth] NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Beauchamp, KA (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Sloan Kettering Inst, Computat Biol Program, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM kyle.beauchamp@choderalab.org; john.chodera@choderalab.org OI Chodera, John/0000-0003-0542-119X FU Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (via NIH) [1T32GM083937]; Starr Foundation [I8-A8-058]; NIH [P30 CA008748]; Sloan Kettering Institute FX We thank Patrick B. Grinaway (MSKCC), Vijay S. Pande (Stanford University), Lee-Ping Wang (Stanford University), Peter Eastman (Stanford University), Robert McGibbon (Stanford University), Jason Swails (Rutgers University), David L. Mobley (University of California, Irvine), Michael R. Shirts (University of Virginia), William C. Swope (IBM), Julia E. Rice (IBM), Hans Horn (IBM), Jed W. Pitera (IBM), and members of the Chodera lab for helpful discussions. Support for J.M.B. was provided by the Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (via NIH training grant 1T32GM083937). K.A.B. was supported in part by Starr Foundation grant I8-A8-058. J.D.C. and K.A.B. acknowledge partial support from NIH grant P30 CA008748. K.A.B., J.M.B., A.S.R, and J.D.C. acknowledge the generous support of this research by the Sloan Kettering Institute. The authors gratefully acknowledge OpenEye Scientific for generously providing their toolkit for use in noncommercial projects that generate results for the public domain. This contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is not subject to copyright in the United States. Products or companies named here are cited only in the interest of complete technical description, and neither constitute nor imply endorsement by NIST or by the U.S. government. Other products may be found to serve as well. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 8 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 40 BP 12912 EP 12920 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06703 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CT3JB UT WOS:000362701900019 PM 26339862 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Communication: Cosolvency and cononsolvency explained in terms of a Flory-Huggins type theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(2,6-DIMETHYL-1,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE); CALCULATED SOLUBILITY; POLYMER BLENDS; CO-NONSOLVENCY; MIXED-SOLVENTS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); DIMENSIONS; TRANSITION AB Standard Flory-Huggins (FH) theory is utilized to describe the enigmatic cosolvency and cononsolvency phenomena for systems of polymers dissolved in mixed solvents. In particular, phase boundaries (specifically upper critical solution temperature spinodals) are calculated for solutions of homopolymers B in pure solvents and in binary mixtures of small molecule liquids A and C. The miscibility (or immiscibility) patterns for the ternary systems are classified in terms of the FH binary interaction parameters {chi alpha beta} and the ratio r = phi(A)/phi(C) of the concentrations phi(A) and phi(C) of the two solvents. The trends in miscibility are compared to those observed for blends of random copolymers (A(x)C(1-x)) with homopolymers (B) and to those deduced for A/B/C solutions of polymers B in liquid mixtures of small molecules A and C that associate into polymeric clusters {A(p)C(q)}(i), (i = 1,2, ...,infinity). Although the classic FH theory is able to explain cosolvency and cononsolvency phenomena, the theory does not include a consideration of the mutual association of the solvent molecules and the competitive association between the solvent molecules and the polymer. These interactions can be incorporated in refinements of the FH theory, and the present paper provides a foundation for such extensions for modeling the rich thermodynamics of polymers in mixed solvents. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1363012] FX This research is supported, in part, by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1363012. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 13 AR 131101 DI 10.1063/1.4932061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CT2XO UT WOS:000362669400001 PM 26450285 ER PT J AU Larson, JM Bharath, SC Cullen, WG Reutt-Robey, JE AF Larson, Jonathan M. Bharath, Satyaveda C. Cullen, William G. Reutt-Robey, Janice E. TI Scanning MWCNT-Nanopipette and Probe Microscopy: Li Patterning and Transport Studies SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; MASS-TRANSPORT; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; SI(111)7X7 SURFACE; NECK FORMATION; ION-BEAM; DIFFUSION; METAL AB A carbon-nanotube-enabling scanning probe technique/nanotechnology for manipulating and measuring lithium at the nano/mesoscale is introduced. Scanning Li-nanopipette and probe microscopy (SLi-NPM) is based on a conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever with an open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) affixed to its apex. SLi-NPM operation is demonstrated with a model system consisting of a Li thin film on a Si(111) substrate. By control of bias, separation distance, and contact time, attograms of Li can be controllably pipetted to or from the MWCNT tip. Patterned surface Li features are then directly probed via noncontact AFM measurements with the MWCNT tip. The subsequent decay of Li features is simulated with a mesoscale continuum model, developed here. The Li surface diffusion coefficient for a four (two) Li layer thick film is measured as D=8(+/- 1.2) x 10(-15) cm(2) s(-1) (D=1.75(+/- 0.15) x 10-(15) cm(2) s(-1)). Dual-Li pipetting/measuring with SLi-NPM enables a broad range of time-dependent Li and nanoelectrode characterization studies of fundamental importance to energy-storage research. C1 [Larson, Jonathan M.; Cullen, William G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bharath, Satyaveda C.; Reutt-Robey, Janice E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bharath, Satyaveda C.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Cullen, William G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reutt-Robey, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rrobey@umd.edu FU Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX The authors acknowledge Wentao Song for performing Auger measurements, Theodore Einstein for advice on diffusion modeling, and Michael Fuhrer for discussion of the experimental concept. This work was supported as part of the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award number DESC0001160. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 37 BP 4946 EP 4958 DI 10.1002/smll.201500999 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT5AR UT WOS:000362819400018 PM 26182911 ER PT J AU Modi, A Bhaway, SM Vogt, BD Douglas, JF Al-Enizi, A Elzatahry, A Sharma, A Karim, A AF Modi, Arvind Bhaway, Sarang M. Vogt, Bryan D. Douglas, Jack F. Al-Enizi, Abdullah Elzatahry, Ahmed Sharma, Ashutosh Karim, Alamgir TI Direct Immersion Annealing of Thin Block Copolymer Films SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE mixed solvents; direct immersion annealing; block copolymer ordering; kinetics ID ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; LENS ARRAYS; FABRICATION; TEMPLATES; NANODOTS; SOLVENT; GRAPHOEPITAXY; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; NONSOLVENT AB We demonstrate ordering of thin block copolymer (BC?) films via direct immersion annealing (DIA) at enhanced rate leading to stable morphologies. The BCP films are immersed in carefully selected mixtures of good and marginal solvents that can impart enhanced polymer mobility, while inhibiting film dissolution. DIA is compatible with roll-to-roll assembly manufacturing and has distinct advantages over conventional thermal annealing and batch processing solvent-vapor annealing methods. We identify three solvent composition-dependent BCP film ordering regimes in DIA for the weakly interacting polystyrene poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) system: rapid short-range order, optimal long-range order, and a film instability regime. Kinetic studies in the "optimal long-range order" processing regime as a function of temperature indicate a significant reduction of activation energy for BCP grain growth compared to oven annealing at conventional temperatures. An attractive feature of DIA is its robustness to ordering other BCP (e.g. PS-P2VP) and PS-PMMA systems exhibiting spherical, lamellar and cylindrical ordering. C1 [Modi, Arvind; Bhaway, Sarang M.; Vogt, Bryan D.; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Sharma, Ashutosh] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Al-Enizi, Abdullah] King Saud Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Elzatahry, Ahmed] Qatar Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Mat Sci & Technol Program, Doha, Qatar. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012; Sharma, Ashutosh/D-1034-2011; Elzatahry, Ahmed/A-2548-2012; OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145; Sharma, Ashutosh/0000-0002-2653-0806; Elzatahry, Ahmed/0000-0002-7291-5723 FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0005364]; National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-1411046]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences via Grant DE-SC0005364 for support of the phase separation morphology aspect of work. The directed-assembly component of the work was supported by the National Science Foundation via Grant NSF DMR-1411046. AM. would like to thank Dr. Kevin Yager, Prof. Brian Berry, Dr. Mesfin Tsige, Saumil Samant, and Dr. Ankur Verma for fruitful discussions. AM. also acknowledges Namrata Salunke for proof reading the manuscript. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Certain equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the NIST nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 39 BP 21639 EP 21645 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b06259 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CT2JX UT WOS:000362628900004 PM 26351823 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Park, DH AF Lee, Jongmin Park, Dong Hun TI Protection layers on a superconducting microwave resonator toward a hybrid quantum system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; OPTICAL-WAVE-GUIDES; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; SILICON; CAVITY; FILMS AB We propose a protection scheme of a superconducting microwave resonator to realize a hybrid quantum system, where cold neutral atoms are coupled with a single microwave photon through magnetic dipole interaction at an interface inductor. The evanescent field atom trap, such as a waveguide/nanofiber atom trap, brings both surface-scattered photons and absorption-induced broadband blackbody radiation which result in quasiparticles and a low quality factor at the resonator. A proposed multiband protection layer consists of pairs of two dielectric layers and a thin nanogrid conductive dielectric layer above the interface inductor. We show numerical simulations of quality factors and reflection/absorption spectra, indicating that the proposed multilayer structure can protect a lumped-element microwave resonator from optical photons and blackbody radiation while maintaining a reasonably high quality factor. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lee, Jongmin] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Jongmin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Jongmin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Park, Dong Hun] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jongmin.lee@sandia.gov; leomac@umd.edu OI Park, Dong Hun/0000-0003-1647-4772 FU ARO Atomtronics MURI project FX This work was funded by ARO Atomtronics MURI project. We would like to thank S. L. Rolston, J. B. Hertzberg, and all PFC@JQI "Atoms-on-SQUIDs" team members including C. Ballard, R. P. Budoyo, K. D. Voigt, Z. Kim, J. A. Grover, J. E. Hoffman, S. Ravets, P. Solano, J. R. Anderson, C. Lobb, L. A. Orozco, and F. C. Wellstood for useful discussions. We also thank J. B. Hertzberg and R. M. Lewis for their careful reading and comments. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 13 AR 134901 DI 10.1063/1.4932137 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT2XG UT WOS:000362668400029 ER PT J AU Heinrich, F Chakravarthy, S Nanda, H Papa, A Pandolfi, PP Ross, AH Harishchandra, RK Gericke, A Losche, M AF Heinrich, Frank Chakravarthy, Srinivas Nanda, Hirsh Papa, Antonella Pandolfi, Pier Paolo Ross, Alonzo H. Harishchandra, Rakesh K. Gericke, Arne Loesche, Mathias TI The PTEN Tumor Suppressor Forms Homodimers in Solution SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN DOCKING; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; CANCER; GENE AB As the phosphoinositol-3-kinase antagonist in the PI3K pathway, the PTEN tumor suppressor exerts phosphatase activity on diacylphosphatidylinositol triphosphate in the plasma membrane. Even partial loss of this activity enhances tumorigenesis, but a mechanistic basis for this aspect of PTEN physiology has not yet been established. It was recently proposed that PTEN mutations have dominant-negative effects in cancer via PTEN dimers. We show that PTEN forms homodimers in vitro, and determine a structural model of the complex from SAXS and Rosetta docking studies. Our findings shed new light on the cellular control mechanism of PTEN activity. Phosphorylation of the unstructured C-terminal tail of PTEN reduces PTEN activity, and this result was interpreted as a blockage of the PTEN membrane binding interface through this tail. The results presented here instead suggest that the C-terminal tail functions in stabilizing the homodimer, and that tail phosphorylation interferes with this stabilization. C1 [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chakravarthy, Srinivas] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, BioCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chakravarthy, Srinivas] IIT, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Papa, Antonella] Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Papa, Antonella; Pandolfi, Pier Paolo] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Canc Res Inst,Beth Israel Deaconess Canc Ctr,Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Harishchandra, Rakesh K.; Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Losche, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Papa, Antonella/0000-0001-8653-7121 FU Department of Commerce [MSE 70NANB11H8139, 70NANB13H009]; NIGMS [R01 GM101647]; NINDS [R01 NS021716]; NSF [CHEM 1216827]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Weifeng Shang and Thomas Irving for assistance with data reduction. This research was supported by the Department of Commerce (MSE 70NANB11H8139 and 70NANB13H009), NIGMS (R01 GM101647), NINDS (R01 NS021716) and the NSF (CHEM 1216827) and used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The BioCAT facility is supported by the NIGMS (P41 GM103622). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 EI 1878-4186 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1952 EP 1957 DI 10.1016/j.str.2015.07.012 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA CY1LZ UT WOS:000366169600019 PM 26299948 ER PT J AU Yi, F DeLisio, JB Zachariah, MR Lavan, DA AF Yi, Feng DeLisio, Jeffery B. Zachariah, Michael R. LaVan, David A. TI Nanocalorimetry-Coupled Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Identifying Evolved Species during High-Rate Thermal Measurements SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION AB We report on measurements integrating a nanocalorimeter sensor into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for simultaneous thermal and speciation measurements at high heating rates. The nanocalorimeter sensor was incorporated into the extraction region of the TOFMS system to provide sample heating and thermal information essentially simultaneously with the evolved species identification. This approach can be used to measure chemical reactions and evolved species for a variety of materials. Furthermore, since the calorimetry is conducted within the same proximal volume as ionization and ion extraction, evolved species detected are in a collision-free environment, and thus, the possibility exists to interrogate intermediate and radical species. We present measurements showing the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, copper oxide nanoparticles, and sodium azotetrazolate. The rapid, controlled, and quantifiable heating rate capabilities of the nanocalorimeter coupled with the 0.1 ms temporal resolution of the TOFMS provides a new measurement capability and insight into high-rate reactions, such as those seen with reactive and energetic materials, and adsorption\desorption measurements, critical for understanding surface chemistry and accelerating catalyst selection. C1 [Yi, Feng; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeLisio, Jeffery B.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeLisio, Jeffery B.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu; david.lavan@nist.gov FU Army Research Office; AFOSR MURI FX M.R.Z. and J.B.D. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Army Research Office and an AFOSR MURI. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 87 IS 19 BP 9740 EP 9744 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01872 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA CT2JU UT WOS:000362628600036 PM 26372315 ER PT J AU Brennan, JC He, GC Tsutsumi, T Zhao, J Wirth, E Fulton, MH Denison, MS AF Brennan, Jennifer C. He, Guochun Tsutsumi, Tomoaki Zhao, Jing Wirth, Edward Fulton, Michael H. Denison, Michael S. TI Development of Species-Specific Ah Receptor-Responsive Third Generation CALUX Cell Lines with Enhanced Responsiveness and Improved Detection Limits SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION CALUX; IN-VITRO; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOASSAY SYSTEMS; H4IIE CELLS; LUCIFERASE AB The Ah receptor (AhR)-responsive C.ALUX (chemically activated luciferase expression) cell bioassay is commonly used for rapid screening of samples for the presence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), dioxin-like compounds, and AhR agonists/antagonists. By increasing the number of AhR DNA recognition sites (dioxin responsive elements), we previously generated a novel third generation (G3) recombinant AhR-responsive mouse CALUX cell line (H1L7.5c3) with a significantly enhanced response to DLCs compared to existing AhR-CALUX cell bioassays. However, the elevated background luciferase activity of these cells and the absence of comparable G3 cell lines derived from other species have limited their utility for screening purposes. Here, we describe the development and characterization of species-specific G3 recombinant AhR-responsive CALUX cell lines (rat, human, and guinea pig) that exhibit significantly improved limit of detection and dramatically increased TCDD induction response. The low background luciferase activity, low minimal detection limit (0.1 pM TCDD) and enhanced induction response of the rat G3 cell line (H4L7.5c2) over the H1L7.5c3 mouse G3 cells, identifies them as a more optimal cell line for screening purposes. The utility of the new G3 CALUX cell lines were demonstrated by screening sediment extracts and a small chemical compound library for the presence of AhR agonists. The improved limit of detection and increased response of these new G3 CALUX cell lines will facilitate species-specific analysis of DLCs and AhR agonists in samples with low levels of contamination and/or in small sample volumes. C1 [Brennan, Jennifer C.; He, Guochun; Zhao, Jing; Denison, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tsutsumi, Tomoaki] Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Div Foods, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1588501, Japan. [Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael H.] USDOC NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Denison, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM msdenison@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [R01ES007685, P42ES04699, T32 ES007058-33]; University of California, Davis (Jastro-Shields); California Agricultural Experiment Station; Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants; Japan Food Hygiene Association Grant for Promoted Project of Research on Risk of Chemical Substances FX This work was supported by grants to M.S.D from the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES007685 and P42ES04699 (Superfund Research Grant)), grants to J.C.B. from the University of California, Davis (Jastro-Shields) and a National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences training grant (T32 ES007058-33), the California Agricultural Experiment Station and the American taxpayers. T.T. was supported in part by Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants and a Japan Food Hygiene Association Grant for Promoted Project of Research on Risk of Chemical Substances. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 19 BP 11903 EP 11912 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b02906 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT2JZ UT WOS:000362629100075 PM 26366531 ER PT J AU Safronova, MS Zuhrianda, Z Safronova, UI Clark, CW AF Safronova, M. S. Zuhrianda, Z. Safronova, U. I. Clark, Charles W. TI Extracting transition rates from zero-polarizability spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; YTTERBIUM; MOMENT; CLOCKS AB We predict a sequence of magic-zero wavelengths for the Sr excited 5s5p P-3(0) state, and provide a general roadmap for extracting transition matrix elements using precise frequency measurements. We demonstrate that such measurements can serve as a global benchmark of the spectroscopic accuracy that is required for the development of high-precision predictive methods. These magic-zero wavelengths are also needed for state-selective atom manipulation for implementation of quantum logic operations. We also identify five magic wavelengths of the 5s(2) S-1(0)-5s5p P-3(0) Sr clock transition between 350 and 500 nm which can also serve as precision benchmarks. C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Zuhrianda, Z.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant [PHY-0822671]; National Science Foundation [PHY-1068699] FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. The work of Z.Z. was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1068699. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 6 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 040501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.040501 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CS8MO UT WOS:000362342200001 ER PT J AU Chae, J Lahiri, B Kohoutek, J Holland, G Lezec, H Centrone, A AF Chae, Jungseok Lahiri, Basudev Kohoutek, John Holland, Glenn Lezec, Henri Centrone, Andrea TI Metal-dielectric-metal resonators with deep subwavelength dielectric layers increase the near-field SEIRA enhancement SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC RESPONSE; PTIR TECHNIQUE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL METAMATERIALS; PLASMONIC ANTENNA; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; NEGATIVE-INDEX AB Plasmonic nanostructures presenting either structural asymmetry or metal-dielectric-metal (M-D-M) architecture are commonly used structures to increase the quality factor and the near-field confinement in plasmonic materials. This characteristic can be leveraged for example to increase the sensitivity of IR spectroscopy, via the surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) effect. In this work, we combine structural asymmetry with the M-D-M architecture to realize Ag-Ag2O-Ag asymmetric ring resonators where two Ag layers sandwich a native silver oxide (Ag2O) layer. Their IR response is compared with the one of fully metallic (Ag) resonators of the same size and shape. The photothermal induced resonance technique (PTIR) is used to obtain near-field SEIRA absorption maps and spectra with nanoscale resolution. Although the native Ag2O layer is only 1 nm to 2 nm thick, it increases the quality factor of the resonators' dark-mode by approximate to 27% and the SEIRA enhancement by approximate to 44% with respect to entirely Ag structures. (C)2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Chae, Jungseok; Lahiri, Basudev; Kohoutek, John; Holland, Glenn; Lezec, Henri; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Lahiri, Basudev; Kohoutek, John] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 20 BP 25912 EP 25922 DI 10.1364/OE.23.025912 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CW6AD UT WOS:000365077900048 PM 26480106 ER PT J AU Cruz, FC Maser, DL Johnson, T Ycas, G Klose, A Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Diddams, SA AF Cruz, Flavio C. Maser, Daniel L. Johnson, Todd Ycas, Gabriel Klose, Andrew Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Coddington, Ian Diddams, Scott A. TI Mid-infrared optical frequency combs based on difference frequency generation for molecular spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE GAS-DETECTION; 3 MU-M; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; FIBER; SPECTROMETER; SUPERCONTINUUM; LASER; CHALCOGENIDE; PULSES AB Mid-infrared femtosecond optical frequency combs were produced by difference frequency generation of the spectral components of a near-infrared comb in a 3-mm-long MgO:PPLN crystal. We observe strong pump depletion and 9.3 dB parametric gain in the 1.5 mu m signal, which yields powers above 500 mW (3 mu W/mode) in the idler with spectra covering 2.8 mu m to 3.5 mu m. Potential for broadband, high-resolution molecular spectroscopy is demonstrated by absorption spectra and interferograms obtained by heterodyning two combs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cruz, Flavio C.; Maser, Daniel L.; Johnson, Todd; Ycas, Gabriel; Klose, Andrew; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Coddington, Ian; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cruz, Flavio C.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Maser, Daniel L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnson, Todd] St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. RP Cruz, FC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fcruz@nist.gov; sdiddams@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; FU NIST (Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurement Program); DARPA SCOUT program; CNPq; Fapesp; UNICAMP; Fotonicom FX The authors thank William Loh and Richard Fox for comments on this manuscript, and also Nathan Newbury for discussions. We are grateful to M. Hirano of Sumitomo Electric Industries for providing optical fibers. We acknowledge the support of NIST (including the Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurement Program) and the DARPA SCOUT program. FCC acknowledges Esther Baumann for discussions and loan of MIR optics, and also the support of CNPq, Fapesp, Fotonicom and UNICAMP. This paper is a contribution from the US government and is not subject to copyright in the US. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 9 U2 38 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 20 BP 26814 EP 26824 DI 10.1364/OE.23.026814 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CW6AD UT WOS:000365077900134 PM 26480192 ER PT J AU Clifton, LA Holt, SA Hughes, AV Daulton, EL Arunmanee, W Heinrich, F Khalid, S Jefferies, D Charlton, TR Webster, JRP Kinane, CJ Lakey, JH AF Clifton, Luke A. Holt, Stephen A. Hughes, Arwel V. Daulton, Emma L. Arunmanee, Wanatchaporn Heinrich, Frank Khalid, Syma Jefferies, Damien Charlton, Timothy R. Webster, John R. P. Kinane, Christian J. Lakey, Jeremy H. TI An Accurate In Vitro Model of the E. coli Envelope SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; drug discovery; Gram-negative bacteria; membranes; structure-activity; relationships ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INNER-CORE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; LACTOFERRIN; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; BILAYERS; PROTEIN AB Gram-negative bacteria are an increasingly serious source of antibiotic-resistant infections, partly owing to their characteristic protective envelope. This complex, 20 nm thick barrier includes a highly impermeable, asymmetric bilayer outer membrane (OM), which plays a pivotal role in resisting antibacterial chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the OM molecular structure and its dynamics are poorly understood because the structure is difficult to recreate or study in vitro. The successful formation and characterization of a fully asymmetric model envelope using Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer methods is now reported. Neutron reflectivity and isotopic labeling confirmed the expected structure and asymmetry and showed that experiments with antibacterial proteins reproduced published in vivo behavior. By closely recreating natural OM behavior, this model provides a much needed robust system for antibiotic development. C1 [Arunmanee, Wanatchaporn; Lakey, Jeremy H.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Clifton, Luke A.; Hughes, Arwel V.; Daulton, Emma L.; Charlton, Timothy R.; Webster, John R. P.; Kinane, Christian J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Holt, Stephen A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khalid, Syma; Jefferies, Damien] Univ Southampton, Sch Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Lakey, JH (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. EM jeremy.lakey@ncl.ac.uk RI Khalid, Syma/B-8108-2009; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Holt, Stephen/E-4662-2011 OI Khalid, Syma/0000-0002-3694-5044; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; FU Wellcome Trust award [093581]; ISIS beam time awards [1400031, 1410516, 1320296]; Royal Thai Government studentship FX This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust award (Grant 093581), ISIS beam time awards (1400031, 1410516, and 1320296 to J.H.L.) and a Royal Thai Government studentship (W.A.). We thank H. Ridley, F. Ciesielski, and J. Cooper for assistance. Research was performed in part at NIST. Certain commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such an identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instruments identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 41 BP 11952 EP 11955 DI 10.1002/anie.201504287 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CU3AP UT WOS:000363396000008 PM 26331292 ER PT J AU Li, MR Retuerto, M Deng, Z Stephens, PW Croft, M Huang, QZ Wu, H Deng, XY Kotliar, G Sanchez-Benitez, J Hadermann, J Walker, D Greenblatt, M AF Li, Man-Rong Retuerto, Maria Deng, Zheng Stephens, Peter W. Croft, Mark Huang, Qingzhen Wu, Hui Deng, Xiaoyu Kotliar, Gabriel Sanchez-Benitez, Javier Hadermann, Joke Walker, David Greenblatt, Martha TI Giant Magnetoresistance in the Half-Metallic Double-Perovskite Ferrimagnet Mn2FeReO6 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; giant magnetoresistance; half-metallicity; magnetic properties; perovskite phases ID HIGH-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POLAR; OXIDE; CA2FEREO6 AB The first transition-metal-only double perovskite compound, Mn2+ Fe-2(3+) Re5+ O-6, with 17 unpaired d electrons displays ferrimagnetic ordering up to 520K and a giant positive magnetoresistance of up to 220% at 5K and 8 T. These properties result from the ferrimagnetically coupled Fe and Re sublattice and are affected by a two-to-one magnetic-structure transition of the Mn sublattice when a magnetic field is applied. Theoretical calculations indicate that the half-metallic state can be mainly attributed to the spin polarization of the Fe and Re sites. C1 [Li, Man-Rong; Retuerto, Maria; Deng, Zheng; Greenblatt, Martha] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Retuerto, Maria] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Stephens, Peter W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Croft, Mark; Deng, Xiaoyu; Kotliar, Gabriel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen; Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sanchez-Benitez, Javier] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Quim, Dept Quim Fis 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Hadermann, Joke] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Walker, David] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Greenblatt, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM martha@rutchem.rutgers.edu RI Li, Man-Rong/D-1697-2012; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Sanchez-Benitez, Javier/B-2366-2012; Deng, Xiaoyu/F-2322-2015; Retuerto, Maria/D-6425-2014; Hadermann, Joke/F-4644-2011 OI Li, Man-Rong/0000-0001-8424-9134; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Sanchez-Benitez, Javier/0000-0002-3108-6594; Deng, Xiaoyu/0000-0001-7802-0966; Retuerto, Maria/0000-0001-7564-3500; FU NSF-DMREF project [DMR-1435918]; Danish Research Councils for Independent Research [12-125226]; DOE BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Spanish projects [MAT2013-41099-R, RyC-2010-06276]; [NSF-DMR-0966829]; [ARO-434603 (DOD-VV911NF-12-1-0172)] FX This work was supported by NSF-DMR-0966829 and ARO-434603 (DOD-VV911NF-12-1-0172) grants. X.D. and G.K. are supported by the NSF-DMREF project DMR-1435918. J.S.-B. is supported by the Spanish projects MAT2013-41099-R and RyC-2010-06276. M.R. is supported by the Danish Research Councils for Independent Research (12-125226). Use of the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the DOE BES (DE-AC02-98CH10886). We would like to thank J. Hanley at LDEO, Columbia University for making the high-pressure assemblies, and Dr. Tapati Sarkar at Uppsala University for the original magnetism check. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 76 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 41 BP 12069 EP 12073 DI 10.1002/anie.201506456 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CU3AP UT WOS:000363396000031 PM 26235744 ER PT J AU Zhou, JL Tra, VT Dong, S Trappen, R Marcus, MA Jenkins, C Frye, C Wolfe, E White, R Polisetty, S Lin, JY LeBeau, JM Chu, YH Holcomb, MB AF Zhou, Jinling Vu Thanh Tra Dong, Shuai Trappen, Robbyn Marcus, Matthew A. Jenkins, Catherine Frye, Charles Wolfe, Evan White, Ryan Polisetty, Srinivas Lin, Jiunn-Yuan LeBeau, James M. Chu, Ying-Hao Holcomb, Mikel Barry TI Thickness dependence of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 magnetoelectric interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILM; OXIDES; MEMORY; SENSOR; STATES AB Magnetoelectric materials have great potential to revolutionize electronic devices due to the coupling of their electric and magnetic properties. Thickness varying La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/PbZro(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3) (PZT) heterostructures were built and measured in this article by valence sensitive x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The sizing effects of the heterostructures on the LSMO/PZT magnetoelectric interfaces were investigated through the behavior of Mn valence, a property associated with the LSMO magnetization. We found that Mn valence increases with both LSMO and PZT thickness. Piezoresponse force microscopy revealed a transition from monodomain to polydotnain structure along the PZT thickness gradient. The ferroelectric surface charge may change with domain structure and its effects on Mn valence were simulated using a two-orbital double-exchange model. The screening of ferroelectric surface charge increases the electron charges in the interface region, and greatly changes the interfacial Mn valence, which likely plays a leading role in the intetfacial magnetoelectric coupling. The LSMO thickness dependence was examined through the combination of two detection modes with drastically different attenuation depths. The different length scales of these techniques' sensitivity to the atomic valence were used to estimate the depth dependence Mn valence. A smaller interfacial Mn valence than the bulk was found by globally fitting the experimental results. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhou, Jinling; Trappen, Robbyn; Frye, Charles; Wolfe, Evan; Polisetty, Srinivas; Holcomb, Mikel Barry] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Vu Thanh Tra; Lin, Jiunn-Yuan] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Phys, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Dong, Shuai] Southeast Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Marcus, Matthew A.; Jenkins, Catherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Ryan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polisetty, Srinivas] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [LeBeau, James M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chu, Ying-Hao] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Chu, Ying-Hao] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 105, Taiwan. RP Holcomb, MB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mikel.holcomb@mail.wvu.edu RI Dong (董), Shuai (帅)/A-5513-2008; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008 OI Dong (董), Shuai (帅)/0000-0002-6910-6319; Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084 FU WV Higher Education Policy Commission Research Challenge Grant [HECP.dsr.12.29]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation's ADVANCE IT Program [HRD-1007978]; NSFC [11274060, 51322206]; State of North Carolina; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Pavel Borisov and David Lederman for valuable discussions, and Benjamin Gilbert for providing the original data of Mn oxides. This work was supported by the WV Higher Education Policy Commission Research Challenge Grant No. HECP.dsr.12.29 and carried out at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, whose operations are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Other characterization of the samples was completed at the West Virginia University Shared Research Facilities. Partial support for the work was provided by the National Science Foundation's ADVANCE IT Program under Award No. HRD-1007978. The double exchange model simulation by Shuai Dong was supported by the NSFC (Nos. 11274060 and 51322206). We also acknowledge the use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 64 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 14 AR 141603 DI 10.1063/1.4932517 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU3JV UT WOS:000363422100016 ER PT J AU Vaidya, VD Tiamsuphat, J Rolston, SL Porto, JV AF Vaidya, V. D. Tiamsuphat, J. Rolston, S. L. Porto, J. V. TI Degenerate Bose-Fermi mixtures of rubidium and ytterbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We report the realization of a quantum degenerate mixture of bosonic Rb-87 and fermionic Yb-171 atoms in a hybrid optical dipole trap with a tunable, species-dependent trapping potential. Rb-87 is shown to be a viable refrigerant for the noninteracting Yb-171 atoms, cooling up to 2.4 x 10(5) Yb atoms to a temperature of T/T-F = 0.16(2) while simultaneously forming a Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensate of 3.5 x 10(5) atoms. Furthermore we demonstrate our ability to independently tailor the potentials for each species, which paves the way for studying impurities immersed in a Bose gas. C1 [Vaidya, V. D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vaidya, VD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM varunvai@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU ARO Grant [W911NF-07-1-0493]; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator program; [NSF-PHY1104472] FX The authors thank C. D. Herold and X. Li for their contributions in building the apparatus. We acknowledge useful discussions with M. D. Frye and J. M. Hutson. This work was supported by NSF-PHY1104472 and ARO Grant No. W911NF-07-1-0493, with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator program. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 043604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.043604 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CS8MI UT WOS:000362341500009 ER PT J AU Tang, WS Udovic, TJ Stavila, V AF Tang, Wan Si Udovic, Terrence J. Stavila, Vitalie TI Altering the structural properties of A(2)B(12)H(12) compounds via cation and anion modifications SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems (MH) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Salford, ENGLAND SP Univ Salford, Hiden Isochema, Toyota, AWE, Micromeritics, Cella Acquisit, Univ Western Cape, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Supergen Consortium DE Borohydrides; Order-disorder phase transition; Superionic conductivity; Ionic modification; Perhalogenated dodecaborate; Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate ID LI2B12H12; NA2B12H12; CRYSTAL; PHASE; REORIENTATIONS; TRANSITIONS; DISORDER AB The recent discovery of unusually high cationic conductivity in Na2B12H12 above its entropy-driven, order-disorder phase transition near 529 K and the expected similar conductivity behavior in Li2B12H12 above its transition near 615 K have led us to investigate modifications of these two materials in an effort to reduce their transition temperatures and thus extend their high conductivities to more technologically favorable values. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of perhalogenated Na2B12X12 (X = Cl and I), which are larger anion relatives of Na2B12H12, suggest unfavorably higher transition temperatures near 730 K and 816 K, respectively. New mixed-cation LiyNa2 yB12H12 phases show intermediate transition temperatures between those of Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12. X-ray diffraction measurements and neutron vibrational spectra corroborate low-temperature ordered structures (for y = 0.67, 1, and 1.33) similar to Li2B12H12, with Li+ and Na+ disordered among the near-trigonal cation sites. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Wan Si; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tang, WS (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wansi.tang@nist.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 645 SU 1 BP S200 EP S204 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CQ2BK UT WOS:000360404100046 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Skripov, AV AF Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. Skripov, Alexander V. TI Quasielastic neutron scattering study of tetrahydroborate anion dynamical perturbations in sodium borohydride due to partial halide anion substitution SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems (MH) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Salford, ENGLAND SP Univ Salford, Hiden Isochema, Toyota, AWE, Micromeritics, Cella Acquisit, Univ Western Cape, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Supergen Consortium DE Complex hydrides; Quasielastic neutron scattering; Reorientational dynamics; Sodium borohydride; Sodium chloride; Sodium iodide ID CHLORIDE-SUBSTITUTION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; VISUALIZATION; SPECTROMETER; MOTION; LIBH4; NIST AB Equimolar NaBH4-NaX (X = Cl and I) solid solutions were synthesized to study, via quasielastic neutron scattering, the effect of partial halide anion substitution on the reorientational dynamics of tetrahydroborate (BH4) anions in NaBH4. The BH4 reorientational mobility increased in the order of NaBH4-NaCl, NaBH4, and NaBH4-Nal, which corresponded with expanding face-centered-cubic lattices accommodating the respective increasing sizes of the Cl, BH4, and l anions. The BH4 anions in NaBH4-NaCl were found (at least above 400 K) to undergo 'cubic' tumbling motions with the four H atoms per anion visiting all eight corners of a cube, similar to what was previously observed for NaBH4. In contrast, the BH4 anions in NaBH4-Nal were found to undergo something more akin to 'tetrahedral' tumbling motions, where the H atoms visit all four corners of a tetrahedron. Despite a noticeable softening of the BH4 torsional energies with increasing lattice constant amongst NaBH4 and the two solid solutions, all three compounds exhibited similar activation energies for reorientation of about 11-12 kJ mol(-1). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 645 SU 1 BP S513 EP S517 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.070 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CQ2BK UT WOS:000360404100115 ER PT J AU Harrison, S Baremore, I AF Harrison, Sarah Baremore, Ivy TI Q & A With ivy Baremore SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Baremore, Ivy] Panama City Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Baremore, Ivy] MarAlliance, San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, Belize. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD OCT 3 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 10 BP 490 EP 491 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1080691 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CT2MU UT WOS:000362637000003 ER PT J AU Samarov, DV AF Samarov, Daniel V. TI The Fast RODEO for Local Polynomial Regression SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Nonparametric regression; LIDAR; Local polynomial regression ID DENSITY-ESTIMATION; SCALE-SPACE; ESTIMATORS AB An open challenge in nonparametric regression is finding fast, computationally efficient approaches to estimating local bandwidths for large datasets, in particular in two or more dimensions. In the work presented here, we introduce a novel local bandwidth estimation procedure for local polynomial regression, which combines the greedy search of the regularization of the derivative expectation operator (RODEO) algorithm with linear binning. The result is a fast, computationally efficient algorithm, which we refer to as the fast RODEO. We motivate the development of our algorithm by using a novel scale-space approach to derive the RODEO. We conclude with a toy example and a real-world example using data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite validation study, where we show the fast RODEO's improvement in accuracy and computational speed over two other standard approaches. C1 [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Samarov, DV (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 1061-8600 EI 1537-2715 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1052 DI 10.1080/10618600.2014.949724 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA CY3RN UT WOS:000366327600007 ER PT J AU Samarov, DV Litorja, M Hwang, J AF Samarov, Daniel V. Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong TI The Spatial LASSO With Applications to Unmixing Hyperspectral Biomedical Images SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Biomedical imaging; Hyperspectral imaging; Hyperspectral phantom; Microarray phantom; Spatial LASSO; Spectral unmixing ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; SPOTTED MICROARRAY IMAGES; MODEL SELECTION; REGRESSION; SEGMENTATION AB Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a spectroscopic method that uses densely sampled measurements along the electromagnetic spectrum to identify the unique molecular composition of an object. Traditionally HSI has been associated with remote sensing-type applications, but recently has found increased use in biomedicine, from investigations at the cellular to the tissue level. One of the main challenges in the analysis of HSI is estimating the proportions, also called abundance fractions of each of the molecular signatures. While there is great promise for HSI in the area of biomedicine, large variability in the measurements and artifacts related to the instrumentation has slow adoption into more widespread practice. In this article, we propose a novel regularization and variable selection method called the spatial LASSO (SPLASSO). The SPLASSO incorporates spatial information via a graph Laplacian-based penalty to help improve the model estimation process for multivariate response data. We show the strong performance of this approach on a benchmark HSI dataset with considerable improvement in predictive accuracy over the standard LASSO. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. C1 [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, PML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, PML, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Samarov, DV (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.samarov@nist.gov; litorja@nist.gov; jch@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 EI 1537-2723 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1080/00401706.2014.979950 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA CW7LM UT WOS:000365180300007 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Confidence Regions and Intervals for Meta-Analysis Model Parameters SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Common mean; Heterogeneity variance; Interlaboratory comparisons; Likelihood ratio test; Random effects model; Restricted likelihood ID VARIANCE COMPONENT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TESTS AB This article obtains confidence regions for the heteroscedastic, one-way random effects model's parameters the heteroscedastic, one-way random effects model. The confidence regions are based on canonical representations of the restricted and profile likelihood functions in terms of independent normal random variables and chi(2) random variables. These regions provide conservative confidence intervals for the common mean and heterogeneity variance. Mathematical details and the R code are available online as supplementary material. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0040-1706 EI 1537-2723 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD OCT 2 PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 BP 547 EP 558 DI 10.1080/00401706.2014.962707 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA CW7LM UT WOS:000365180300011 ER PT J AU Anderson, KW Turko, IV AF Anderson, Kyle W. Turko, Illarion V. TI Histone post-translational modifications in frontal cortex from human donors with Alzheimer's disease SO CLINICAL PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; Histone; Multiple reaction monitoring; Frontal cortex ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; UBIQUITINATION; METHYLATION; DYNAMICS; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACETYLATION; PROTEINS; BIOLOGY; MATTER AB Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death and the most costly disease in the US. Despite the enormous impact of AD, there are no treatments that delay onset or stop disease progression currently on the market. This is partly due to the complexity of the disease and the largely unknown pathogenesis of sporadic AD, which accounts for the vast majority of cases. Epigenetics has been implicated as a critical component to AD pathology and a potential "hot spot" for treatments. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are a key element in epigenetic regulation of gene expression and are known to be associated with the pathology of numerous diseases. Investigation of histone PTMs can help elucidate AD pathology and identify targets for therapies. Results: A multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay was used to measure changes in abundance of several histone PTMs in frontal cortex from human donors affected with AD (n = 6) and age-matched, normal donors (n = 6). Of the changes observed, notable decreases in methylation of H2B residue K108 by 25 % and H4 residue R55 by 35 % were measured and are likely associated with hydrogen bonding networks important for nucleosome stability. Additionally, a 91 % increase in ubiquitination of K120 on H2B was measured as well as an apparent loss in acetylation of the region near the N-terminus of H4. Our method of quantification was also determined to be precise and robust, signifying measured changes were representative of true biological differences between donors and sample groups. Conclusion: We are the first to report changes in methylation of H2B K108, methylation of H4 R55, and ubiquitination of H2B K120 in frontal cortex from human donors with AD. These notable PTM changes may be of great importance in elucidating the epigenetic mechanism of AD as it relates to disease pathology. Beyond the structural and functional impacts of the changes we have measured, the sites of altered PTMs may be used to identify enzymes responsible for their modulation, which could be used as prospective drug targets for highly specific AD therapies. C1 [Anderson, Kyle W.; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Anderson, Kyle W.; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anderson, Kyle W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0002-2808-3026 FU National Institutes of Health [P50 AG005681]; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX External funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health Grant P50 AG005681 to the Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The external funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All additional funding was provided internally by the Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1542-6416 EI 1559-0275 J9 CLIN PROTEOM JI Clin. Proteom. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 12 AR 26 DI 10.1186/s12014-015-9098-1 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DF2YZ UT WOS:000371212200001 PM 26435705 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Petropoulos, GP AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Petropoulos, George P. TI Variational Bayes and the Principal Component Analysis Coupled With Bayesian Regulation Backpropagation Network to Retrieve Total Precipitable Water (TPW) From GCOM-W1/AMSR2 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric moisture retrieval; data assimilation; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis; H2O absorption; inversion algorithm; passive microwave radiometer; radiative transfer model; radiosonde; sea ice screening; water vapor sounding ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VAPOR; RADIOSONDE; REGRESSION; ALGORITHM; FOREST AB The Bayes Principal components Backpropagation Network (BPBN) is proposed to retrieve total precipitable water (TPW) from the AMSR2 instrument on-board recently launched GCOM-W1 satellite. The proposed algorithm is a physical inversion method, developed using a radiative transfer model to assure that the geophysical retrieval of the TPW is consistent with the radiative transfer theory. The algorithm is comprised of-a Bayes variational algorithm for bias correction, the principal components transformation of the bias-corrected radiometric brightness temperature, and finally, a Bayesian regulation backpropagation network to translate the principal components to TPW estimate in the geophysical space. The algorithm is applicable over ocean, and in clear and cloudy scenes. However, the rainy and sea ice scenes are excluded in the retrieval. A random forest classifier and NASA sea ice temperature retrieval algorithm are used to detect and suppress the rainy and sea ice scenes, respectively. On the whole, the BPBN is a "comprehensive" algorithm, from discarding the redundant scenes to transforming the radiometric information to TPW estimate, and doesn't use any auxiliary data. This will make it very useful for assimilating into the numerical weather prediction models. The retrieval accuracy of the BPBN algorithm is around 2 kg/m(2). C1 [Islam, Tanvir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20771 USA. [Petropoulos, George P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, Dyfed, Wales. RP Islam, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tanvir.islam@jpl.nasa.gov; prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov; gep9@aber.ac.uk RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013; OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 SI SI BP 4819 EP 4824 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2447532 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DC0JV UT WOS:000368904000021 ER PT J AU Edwards, EF Hall, C Moore, TJ Sheredy, C Redfern, JV AF Edwards, Elizabeth F. Hall, Candice Moore, Thomas J. Sheredy, Corey Redfern, Jessica V. TI Global distribution of fin whales Balaenoptera physalus in the post-whaling era (1980-2012) SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE cetacean density; cetacean detections; equatorial hiatus; seasonal; migration ID LINE-TRANSECT SURVEYS; LOW-FREQUENCY WHALE; MID-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; BALEEN WHALES; SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; ADJACENT WATERS; RADIO TRACKING AB 1. The global distribution of fin whales Balaenoptera physalus is not fully understood. Existing maps can be divided into two conflicting categories: one showing a continuous global distribution and another showing an equatorial hiatus (gap in the global distribution) between approximately 20 degrees N and 20 degrees S. Questions also remain about the seasonal distribution of fin whales. 2. To explore the suggested equatorial hiatus and seasonal distribution patterns, we synthesised information on fin whale distribution in the post-whaling era (1980-2012) from published literature, publicly available reports and studies conducted by various organisations. We created four seasonally stratified maps showing line-transect density estimates, line-transect survey effort, acoustic detections, and sightings. 3. An equatorial hiatus in the global distribution of fin whales during the post-whaling era is supported by numerous line-transect surveys and by the rarity of equatorial acoustic detections and sightings, and corroborated by whaling era reports, morphological analyses, and genetic analyses. 4. Our synthesis of post-whaling era data is consistent with results from other studies indicating that fin whales are more abundant at higher latitudes during warmer months and more abundant at lower latitudes (although these latitudes are still greater than 20 degrees) during colder months. However, our synthesis and results from other studies also indicate that some fin whales in both hemispheres remain in higher latitudes (50 degrees-60 degrees north or south) during colder months and in lower latitudes (to approximately 20 degrees-30 degrees north or south) during warmer months, indicating that seasonal fin whale movements differ from the seasonal migrations of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus and humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae. 5. Our maps of global fin whale distribution provide a comprehensive picture of current knowledge and highlight important geographical and temporal data gaps. Surveys should be conducted within the identified data gaps in order to increase fine-scale spatial and temporal knowledge of distribution patterns, improve fin whale taxonomy, and identify areas of elevated fin whale densities that may require management of threats, such as ship strikes. C1 [Edwards, Elizabeth F.; Moore, Thomas J.; Redfern, Jessica V.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hall, Candice] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, West Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Sheredy, Corey] Amec Earth & Environm, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Edwards, EF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Elizabeth.Edwards@noaa.gov; canned_ice5@hotmail.com; Thomas.J.Moore@noaa.gov; csheredy@gmail.com; Jessica.Redfern@noaa.gov OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-0243-6049 FU FEDER; FCT; CETAMARH; TRACE; Azorean Regional Government; Association of the Tuna Canning Industries FX This study was significantly improved through the generosity of many organisations and individuals willing to share original fin whale sightings data. Our use of contributed data conforms to the terms and conditions specified by each contributing organisation, or if no terms were specified, our data use conforms to the comprehensive regulations specified in the 'Terms and Conditions for use of data provided by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee'. We gratefully acknowledge valuable contributions from: the Azores Islands Marine Research/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores, IMAR-DOP/UA data, with funding from FEDER, FCT, CETAMARH and TRACE, Azorean Regional Government, Shipowners Proprietors and Association of the Tuna Canning Industries, data contributed by Dr Monica Silva; the British Columbia Cetacean Sightings Network (BCCSN) data, 2012, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, BC, data contributed by Dr John Ford and Ms Heather Lord; the Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust (HWDT), online sightings database, records available at http://whaledolphintrust.co.uk; the Irish Whale and Dolphin Group (IDWG), online sightings database, all records are validated and available on http://www.iwdg.ie, data advisor Dr Padraig Whooley; the International Whaling Commission (IWC), IDCR and SOWER data, contributed by Drs Cherry Allison and Marion Hughes; JNCC (the Joint Nature Conservation Committee), data from various sources, contributed by Drs Jim Reid, Tim Dunn, Mark Lewis, Carolyn Stone-Barton and Karen Hall; the MARINElife/Biscay Bay Dolphin Project, data contributed by Drs Tom Brereton and Colin MacLeod; the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML), data from various sources, contributed by Dr Sally Mizroch; NASS survey data collected by Norway, data contributed by Dr Nils Oien; NASS survey data collected by Iceland and the Faroe Islands, data contributed by Dr T. Gunnlaugsson, permission given to use the Faroe Islands data by Dr B. Mikkelsen; NASS survey data collected by Greenland, data contributed by Dr M. P. Heide-Jorgensen; CODA survey data, data contributed by Dr Phil Hammond; SCANS and SCANS-II survey data contributed by Dr Phil Hammond; SWF (Sea Watch Foundation), data contributed by Dr Peter Evans; SWFSC (Southwest Fisheries Science Center) tuna vessel observer data, contributed by Mr Al Jackson.; We also thank the following contributors to OBIS-SEAMAP, who kindly granted us permission to use their organisation's data: AADC-NWDSSD (Australian Antarctic Data Centre National Whale and Dolphin Sightings and Strandings Database; permission statement on OBIS- SEAMAP website), AADC-CSSSOCP (Australian Antarctic Data Centre Cetacean Sightings Survey and Southern Ocean Cetacean Program; permission statement on OBIS-SEAMAP website), Fauk Huettmann (CWS/PIROP: Canadian Wildlife Service-PIROP), Daniel Kerem (IMMRAC: Israel Marine Mammal Research and Assistance Center), Robin Baird (Cascadia Research Collective), Jay Barlow (SWFSC/NMFS/NOAA), Sagarminaga van Buiten (ALNITAK; Alboran Sea cetacean monitoring program), Janet Clark (NMML/NMFS/NOAA), Tim Cole (NEFSC/NMFS/NOAA), Lea David (EcoOcean Institute and partners SCS, CybellePlanete, ParticipeFutur, EPHE, WWF-France, FNH), Dan DenDanto (College of the Atlantic, Allied Whale), Bruno Diaz-Lopez (BDRI: The Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute), Annie Douglas (Cascadia Research Collective), Charlotte Dunn (Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organization), Megan Ferguson (NMML/NMFS/NOAA and BOEM), Carmelo Franizza (JDC, Jonian Dolphin Conservation), Sylvia Frey (OceanCare), P. Gauffier (CIRCE: Conservation, Information and Study on Cetaceans), Tim Gerrodette (SWFSC/NMFS/NOAA), Oriol Giralt (RecercaiConservacio, AssociacioCetacea), Guido Gnone (Acquario di Genova), Patricia Gozalbes (InstitutoCavanilles de Biodiversidad y BiologiaEvolutiva, Unidad de Zoologia Marina, University of Valencia), Rod Hobbs (AFSC/NMML/NMFS/NOAA), Poul Holm (HMAP - History of Marine Animal Populations), Meike Holst (Lamont-Doherty/LGL-Limited), Erich Hoyt, for Olga Filatova (RCHP: Russian Cetacean Habitat Project), Lewis Incze (Gulf of Maine Census of Marine Life Program), iOBIS and Argentinean RON (references on OBIS- SEAMAP website), Arthur Kopelman (Coastal Research and Education Society of Long Island), Ben Maughan (UK Hydrographic Office, UK Royal Navy), William McLellan (The Marine Mammal Program, UNC, Wilmington), MMS: Minerals Management Service (final report references on OBIS-SEAMAP website), Debra Palka (NEFSC/NMFS/NOAA), Richard Sears (Minghan Island Cetacean Study), Mari Smultea and Cathy Bacon (Smultea Environmental Services, LLC, and US NAVY NAVFAC SW), Dana Spontak (HDR Environmental, Operations, and Construction, Inc., and US Fleet Forces Command and NAVFAC Atlantic), Zach Swaim (Duke University Marine Laboratory), and Janice Waite (NMML/NMFS/NOAA and BOEM). NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 45 IS 4 BP 197 EP 214 DI 10.1111/mam.12048 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DB4US UT WOS:000368509700001 ER PT J AU Saiprasad, G Filliben, J Peskin, A Siegel, E Chen, J Trimble, C Yang, ZT Christianson, O Samei, E Krupinski, E Dima, A AF Saiprasad, Ganesh Filliben, James Peskin, Adele Siegel, Eliot Chen, Joseph Trimble, Christopher Yang, Zhitong Christianson, Olav Samei, Ehsan Krupinski, Elizabeth Dima, Alden TI Evaluation of Low-Contrast Detectability of Iterative Reconstruction across Multiple Institutions, CT Scanner Manufacturers, and Radiation Exposure Levels SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Purpose: To compare image resolution from iterative reconstruction with resolution from filtered back projection for lowcontrast objects on phantom computed tomographic (CT) images across vendors and exposure levels. Materials and Methods: Randomized repeat scans of an American College of Radiology CT accreditation phantom (module 2, low contrast) were performed for multiple radiation exposures, vendors, and vendor iterative reconstruction algorithms. Eleven volunteers were presented with 900 images by using a custom-designed graphical user interface to perform a task created specifically for this reader study. Results were analyzed by using statistical graphics and analysis of variance. Results: Across three vendors (blinded as A, B, and C) and across three exposure levels, the mean correct classification rate was higher for iterative reconstruction than filtered back projection (P < .01): 87.4% iterative reconstruction and 81.3% filtered back projection at 20 mGy, 70.3% iterative reconstruction and 63.9% filtered back projection at 12 mGy, and 61.0% iterative reconstruction and 56.4% filtered back projection at 7.2 mGy. There was a significant difference in mean correct classification rate between vendor B and the other two vendors. Across all exposure levels, images obtained by using vendor B's scanner outperformed the other vendors, with a mean correct classification rate of 74.4%, while the mean correct classification rate for vendors A and C was 68.1% and 68.3%, respectively. Across all readers, the mean correct classification rate for iterative reconstruction (73.0%) was higher compared with the mean correct classification rate for filtered back projection (67.0%). Conclusion: The potential exists to reduce radiation dose without compromising low-contrast detectability by using iterative reconstruction instead of filtered back projection. There is substantial variability across vendor reconstruction algorithms. (C) RSNA, 2015 C1 [Saiprasad, Ganesh; Filliben, James; Peskin, Adele; Dima, Alden] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Siegel, Eliot; Chen, Joseph; Trimble, Christopher; Yang, Zhitong] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Christianson, Olav] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Phys, Durham, NC USA. [Samei, Ehsan] Duke Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Krupinski, Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Sch Med, Dept Radiol Res, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Peskin, A (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM adele.peskin@nist.gov FU Siemens Medical Solutions; General Electric FX G.S. disclosed no relevant relationships. J.F. disclosed no relevant relationships. A.P. disclosed no relevant relationships. E. Siegel disclosed no relevant relationships. J.C. disclosed no relevant relationships. C.T. disclosed no relevant relationships. Z.Y. disclosed no relevant relationships. O.C. disclosed no relevant relationships. E. Samei Activities related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Activities not related to the present article: author received grants from Siemens Medical Solutions and General Electric. Other relationships: disclosed no relevant relationships. E.K. disclosed no relevant relationships. A.D. disclosed no relevant relationships. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 277 IS 1 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1148/radiol.2015141260 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DB3TG UT WOS:000368434000015 PM 25989480 ER PT J AU Soetaert, F Dupre, L Ivkov, R Crevecoeur, G AF Soetaert, Frederik Dupre, Luc Ivkov, Robert Crevecoeur, Guillaume TI Computational evaluation of amplitude modulation for enhanced magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia SO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK LA English DT Article DE bioheat transfer; biomagnetism; finite elements; simulation; thermal damage; thermal medicine ID CANCER-THERAPY; THERMAL DOSIMETRY; BASIC PRINCIPLES; MODELS; FIELD; RELAXATION; ABLATION; DAMAGE; MOUSE; FLUID AB Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can interact with alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) to deposit localized energy for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Hyperthermia is useful in the context of multimodality treatments with radiation or chemotherapy to enhance disease control without increased toxicity. The unique attributes of heat deposition and transfer with MNPs have generated considerable attention and have been the focus of extensive investigations to elucidate mechanisms and optimize performance. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations are often conducted with the finite element method (FEM) using the Pennes' bioheat equation. In the current study, the Pennes' equation was modified to include a thermal damage-dependent perfusion profile to improve model predictions with respect to known physiological responses to tissue heating. A normal distribution of MNPs in a model liver tumor was combined with empirical nanoparticle heating data to calculate tumor temperature distributions and resulting survival fraction of cancer cells. In addition, calculated spatiotemporal temperature changes were compared among magnetic field amplitude modulations of a base 150-kHz sinusoidal waveform, specifically, no modulation, sinusoidal, rectangular, and triangular modulation. Complex relationships were observed between nanoparticle heating and cancer tissue damage when amplitude modulation and damage-related perfusion profiles were varied. These results are tantalizing and motivate further exploration of amplitude modulation as a means to enhance efficiency of and overcome technical challenges associated with magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (MNH). C1 [Soetaert, Frederik; Dupre, Luc; Crevecoeur, Guillaume] Univ Ghent, Dept Elect Energy Syst & Automat, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. [Soetaert, Frederik; Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol & Mol Radiat Sci, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst NanoBioTechnol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Crevecoeur, G (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Elect Energy Syst & Automat, Technol Pk 913, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. EM guillaume.crevecoeur@ugent.be NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0013-5585 EI 1862-278X J9 BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE JI Biomed. Eng.-Biomed. Tech. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 60 IS 5 SI SI BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1515/bmt-2015-0046 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA DB3FD UT WOS:000368394700011 PM 26351900 ER PT J AU Wells, RJD Kinney, MJ Kohin, S Dewar, H Rooker, JR Snodgrass, OE AF Wells, R. J. David Kinney, Michael J. Kohin, Suzanne Dewar, Heidi Rooker, Jay R. Snodgrass, Owyn E. TI Natural tracers reveal population structure of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the eastern North Pacific SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE albacore; otoliths; stable isotopes; Thunnus alalunga; tissue; trace elements ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; CARBON ISOTOPES; MARINE ANIMALS; OCEAN; PATTERNS; WATERS; DIET AB Chemical signatures in otoliths and muscle tissue of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) from two regions of the North Pacific were characterized to examine population structure. Regions included northern (offshore northwest United States and Canada, >40 degrees N) and southern (offshore southwest United States and Mexico, <40 degrees N) areas where albacore have demonstrated region-specific differences in movement and size at age. Juvenile (ages 1-4 years) albacore were collected from each region through recreational and commercial fisheries over a 5-year period (2009-2013). Three different otolith chemistry assays were performed, including whole otoliths (proxy for lifetime signature), otolith edge (recent signature), and otolith core (nursery signature). Whole otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18 showed similar delta C-13 and enriched delta O-18 (similar to 0.5 parts per thousand) values for juvenile albacore collected in the southern region; classification success to the two regions ranged from 78 to 91% during each year (similar age classes). Otolith edge delta C-13 and delta O-18 showed similar results as whole otoliths, but no regional differences were found for otolith core chemistry. Incorporation of trace element concentrations from whole otoliths improved discrimination between regions to 90-100% classification success during each year of the study, with significantly higher Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, and Mn:Ca in albacore otoliths from the northern region. Albacore from the southern region also displayed enriched muscle delta C-13 (similar to 1.21 parts per thousand) and delta N-15 (similar to 0.85 parts per thousand) values relative to fish of the same size range from the northern region. Discrimination success between the two regions across all years using muscle delta C-13 and delta N-15 was 91%. Ultimately, results from this study suggest regional separation of albacore in the eastern North Pacific warranting region-specific vital rates in future modelling efforts. C1 [Wells, R. J. David; Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Wells, R. J. David; Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kinney, Michael J.; Snodgrass, Owyn E.] Ocean Associates, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kinney, Michael J.; Kohin, Suzanne; Dewar, Heidi; Snodgrass, Owyn E.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM wellsr@tamug.edu NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2118 EP 2127 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv051 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1EM UT WOS:000368250800006 ER PT J AU Baumann, H Wells, RJD Rooker, JR Zhang, SJ Baumann, Z Madigan, DJ Dewar, H Snodgrass, OE Fisher, NS AF Baumann, Hannes Wells, R. J. D. Rooker, Jay R. Zhang, Saijin Baumann, Zofia Madigan, Daniel J. Dewar, Heidi Snodgrass, Owyn E. Fisher, Nicholas S. TI Combining otolith microstructure and trace elemental analyses to infer the arrival of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna in the California current ecosystem SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE barium; LA-ICPMS; magnesium; migration; Thunnus orientalis ID FUKUSHIMA-DERIVED RADIONUCLIDES; THUNNUS-ORIENTALIS; NORTH PACIFIC; MIGRATION PATTERNS; AGE-DETERMINATION; LIFE-HISTORY; CHEMISTRY; JAPAN; OCEAN; MOVEMENTS AB Juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis) are known to migrate from western Pacific spawning grounds to their eastern Pacific nursery and feeding grounds in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), but the timing, durations, and fraction of the population that makes these migrations need to be better understood for improved management. To complement recent work focused on stable isotope and radiotracer approaches ("tracer toolbox"; Madigan et al., 2014) we explored the suitability of combining longitudinal analyses of otolith microstructure and trace elemental composition in age similar to 1-2 PBT (n = 24, 66-76 cm curved fork length) for inferring the arrival of individuals in the CCLME. Element:Ca ratios in transverse otolith sections (9-12 rows, triplicate ablations from primordium to edge, empty set50 mu m) were quantified for eight elements: Li, Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Ba, which was followed by microstructure analysis to provide age estimates corresponding to each ablation spot. Age estimates from otoliths ranged from 328 to 498 d post-hatch. The combined elemental signatures of four elements (Ba, Mg, Co, Cu) showed a significant increase at the otolith edge in approximately half of the individuals (30-60 d before catch). Given the different oceanographic properties of oligotrophic open Pacific vs. high nutrient, upwelling CCLME waters, this signal is consistent with the entry of the fish into the CCLME, which was estimated to occur primarily in July after a transoceanic migration of similar to 1.5-2.0 months. Our approach comprises a useful addition to the available tracer toolbox and can provide additional and complementary understanding of trans-Pacific migration patterns in PBT. C1 [Baumann, Hannes; Baumann, Zofia] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wells, R. J. D.; Rooker, Jay R.; Zhang, Saijin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Wells, R. J. D.; Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Madigan, Daniel J.; Fisher, Nicholas S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Snodgrass, Owyn E.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baumann, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM hannes.baumann@uconn.edu OI Baumann, Hannes/0000-0002-4039-4230 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2128 EP 2138 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv062 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1EM UT WOS:000368250800007 ER PT J AU Minke-Martin, V Dempson, JB Sheehan, TF Power, M AF Minke-Martin, Vanessa Dempson, J. Brian Sheehan, Timothy F. Power, Michael TI Otolith-derived estimates of marine temperature use by West Greenland Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE marine growth; otoliths; oxygen stable isotopes; temperature preferences; temperature use ID CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIOS; THERMAL HABITAT USE; NORTH-SEA AREA; ARCTIC CHARR; FISH OTOLITHS; FRACTIONATION EQUATION; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH-RATE AB Otolith-derived estimates of mean marine temperatures used by West Greenland 1SW Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of North American origin were determined for fish collected in 2009 and 2010. Otolith material corresponding to the second summer at sea was subsampled, via micro-milling, and analysed by mass spectrometry to produce stable oxygen isotope (delta O-18) values from which temperature use estimates were obtained from a salmonid-based fractionation equation. Mean temperature estimates did not differ significantly by period (early vs. late summer), or capture year. The mean and variation estimates were also consistent with temperature use values previously published in the literature or derived from the limited number of data storage tags that have been retrieved for Atlantic salmon, with 80% of all individuals occupying temperatures in the 3.9-9.7 degrees C range. Among-individual differences in temperature use did not correlate with measured otolith growth zone widths. Given the temporal, spatial and methodological variation associated with the derivation of marine temperature use estimates for Atlantic salmon, the data were interpreted to define a range of preferred temperatures within which among-individual differences in growth were driven by the interaction of feeding and temperature use, possibly as a result of the opportunistic feeding behaviour known to predominate among Atlantic salmon. C1 [Minke-Martin, Vanessa; Power, Michael] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Dempson, J. Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Power, M (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM m3power@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2139 EP 2148 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv033 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1EM UT WOS:000368250800008 ER PT J AU McBride, RS AF McBride, Richard S. TI Diagnosis of paired age agreement: a simulation of accuracy and precision effects SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE age-bias plot; annuli; average per cent error; Bland-Altman plot; Chang's CV; paired age agreement; tests of symmetry ID STATISTICAL-METHODS; QUALITY-CONTROL; AMERICAN SHAD; OTOLITH; GROWTH; FISH; VALIDATION; FISHERIES; CONSISTENCY; SYMMETRY AB In a typical age and growth study, multiple estimates of individual fish age are generated: by readers, methods, etc. These samples of paired data are evaluated with three complementary approaches: (i) tabulate or graph the data to illustrate patterns, (ii) calculate indices of precision to evaluate repeatability, and more recently, (iii) use tests of symmetry to evaluate bias. Herein, I simulated age data to evaluate the diagnostic power of these different approaches in terms of four types of accuracy: (i) no bias between known and estimated age, (ii) bias by adding 1 year to the estimated age, (iii) bias by subtracting 10% from the estimated age, and (iv) both biases together. Precision of estimated ages (standard deviation = 5, 10, and 15% of known age) was varied for each type of bias. Age-bias plots had difficulty detecting bias in ages classes with few (e.g. <= 5) individuals sampled. A Bland-Altman-bubble plot is introduced as an alternative to age-bias plots. In these simulations, the various indices of precision were either not diagnostic (i.e. per cent agreement) or redundant (average per cent error could be predicted from Chang's coefficient of variation). Evans and Hoenig's test and Bowker's test of symmetry performed well in most simulations, but each has specific weaknesses. Bowker's test was superior by having marginally fewer type I error rates; however, it had much worse type II error rates. McNemar's test offered no additional interpretative power in these simulations. All tests of symmetry had difficulty diagnosing bias when precision was low. These simulated results support continued use of all three approaches because they are complementary. Additional simulations would be helpful to confirm that these guidelines are relevant in other representative cases. C1 [McBride, Richard S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2149 EP 2167 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv047 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DB1EM UT WOS:000368250800009 ER PT J AU Siciliano, S Brownell, RL AF Siciliano, Salvatore Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Getting to know you: Identification of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) and melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) under challenging conditions SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Identification; Feresa attenuata; Peponocephala electra; difficult conditions ID 1ST RECORD; CETACEANS; ISLANDS; GRAY AB Melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) and Pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) are very poorly known species and are often confused with each other. We examined in detail Figure 3 in MARIGO and GIFFONI (2010) who reported that two melon-headed whales were taken in a surface driftnet about 90 nm off Santos, Brazil. We concluded they were in fact pygmy killer whales and explain our reasoning. To aid in future identifications, we illustrate and describe some of the main differences between these two species of small cetaceans. The incident reported by MARIGO and GIFFONI (2010) might represent the 'tip of the iceberg' regarding the incidental catches of cetaceans by pelagic drift nets off Brazil. Offshore driftnetting operating along the south-southeastern coast of Brazil may threaten pygmy killer whales. C1 [Siciliano, Salvatore] Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Granite Canyon Res Stn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Siciliano, S (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhao Mourisco Sala 122,Ave Brasil 4365, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM gemmlagos@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST OCEANOGRAFICO, UNIV SAO PAULO PI SAO PAULO PA PRACA DO OCEANOGRAFICO, 191, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, SAO PAULO, SP 00000, BRAZIL SN 1679-8759 EI 1982-436X J9 BRAZ J OCEANOGR JI Braz. J. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2015 VL 63 IS 4 BP 511 EP 514 DI 10.1590/S1679-87592015098706304 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA3YA UT WOS:000367736100013 ER PT J AU Madhavan, V Lipczynski, G Lane, B Whitenton, E AF Madhavan, V. Lipczynski, G. Lane, B. Whitenton, E. TI Fiber orientation angle effects in machining of unidirectional CFRP laminated composites SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber reinforced plastic; Composites machining; Fiber orientation angle; Tool wear; High speed videography ID REINFORCED PLASTICS; EDGE AB Experiments were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in collaboration with The Boeing Company, to obtain force and temperature data as a function of feed, speed, and fiber orientation angle (FOA), for validation of finite element simulations of composite machining. The outer diameter portions of disks of unidirectional. carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates were cut orthogonally. Tabs were machined into the outer diameter (OD) to cause cutting to begin at a FOA of 0 degrees and end at a FOA of 90 degrees. Cutting forces were measured using a dynamometer and the chip morphology was recorded using a high speed camera. It was observed that the variation of cutting force with FOA depended on the feed. For large feed, the cutting force increases with FOA until an angle of 90 degrees, whereas for low feed the cutting force decreases beyond 65 degrees. The chip morphology also changes with FOA and feed. Significant tool flank wear is noted even in these short duration experiments, which causes the thrust and cutting forces to increase significantly for FOA from 0 degrees to 60 degrees. For 65 degrees-80 degrees FOA, force signals change cyclically. A small spike in the cutting force seems to be correlated with fibers being pulled out in clumps, and is followed by lower forces in subsequent revolutions while the pitted surface is machined. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. C1 [Madhavan, V.; Lane, B.; Whitenton, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lipczynski, G.] Boeing Co, Boeing Res & Technol, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Madhavan, V.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Eng, Wichita, KS USA. RP Madhavan, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vis_madhavan@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1526-6125 J9 J MANUF PROCESS JI J. Manuf. Process. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 20 SI SI BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.jmapro.2014.06.001 PN 2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA DA2OA UT WOS:000367634500008 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Shilling, M Rachakonda, P Ren, W Lee, V Sawyer, D AF Muralikrishnan, Bala Shilling, Meghan Rachakonda, Prem Ren, Wei Lee, Vincent Sawyer, Daniel TI Toward the development of a documentary standard for derived-point to derived-point distance performance evaluation of spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE 3D imaging systems; Laser scanners; Distance performance evaluation; Sphere targets AB This paper describes ongoing research work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in support of the development of a documentary standard for derived-point to derived-point distance performance evaluation of spherical coordinate 3D imaging systems (laser scanners). The proposed standard is being developed by the subcommittee E57.02 on Test Methods within the ASTM E57 committee on 3D Imaging Systems. The overall approach of the testing strategy is to compare derived-point to derived-point distances obtained by an instrument under test against those obtained by a reference instrument (such as a laser tracker) through the measurement of reference artifacts. This paper presents a geometric error model and a sensitivity analysis based approach to identify sensitive test positions (i.e., where to place targets in space) for performance evaluation. We show that it is not only important for target spheres to allow repeatable determination of their centers, but it is also necessary they have good form. We highlight key issues pertaining to processing laser scanner data, such as segmenting the data, identification and removal of outliers, and choice of algorithms to determine sphere centers. An SMR walking method to establish reference distance and its uncertainty is discussed. All of these are key components of the proposed documentary standard. (C) 2015 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Shilling, Meghan; Rachakonda, Prem; Ren, Wei; Lee, Vincent; Sawyer, Daniel] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM balam@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0278-6125 EI 1878-6642 J9 J MANUF SYST JI J. Manuf. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 37 SI SI BP 550 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.jmsy.2015.04.002 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA DA3LG UT WOS:000367698200014 ER PT J AU Henn, MA Silver, RM Villarrubia, JS Zhang, NF Zhou, H Barnes, BM Ming, B Vladar, AE AF Henn, Mark-Alexander Silver, Richard M. Villarrubia, John S. Zhang, Nien Fan Zhou, Hui Barnes, Bryan M. Ming, Bin Vladar, Andras E. TI Optimizing hybrid metrology: rigorous implementation of Bayesian and combined regression SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE hybrid metrology; electromagnetic simulation; sensitivity and uncertainty evaluation; Bayesian data analysis ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; SCATTERFIELD MICROSCOPY; GRATINGS AB Hybrid metrology, e.g., the combination of several measurement techniques to determine critical dimensions, is an increasingly important approach to meet the needs of the semiconductor industry. A proper use of hybrid metrology may yield not only more reliable estimates for the quantitative characterization of three-dimensional (3-D) structures but also a more realistic estimation of the corresponding uncertainties. Recent developments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology feature the combination of optical critical dimension measurements and scanning electron microscope results. The hybrid methodology offers the potential to make measurements of essential 3-D attributes that may not be feasible otherwise. However, combining techniques gives rise to essential challenges in error analysis and comparing results from different instrument models, especially the effect of systematic and highly correlated errors in the measurement on the chi(2) function that is minimized. Both hypothetical examples and measurement data are used to illustrate solutions to these challenges. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Henn, Mark-Alexander; Silver, Richard M.; Villarrubia, John S.; Zhou, Hui; Barnes, Bryan M.; Ming, Bin; Vladar, Andras E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Nien Fan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henn, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.henn@nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD OCT PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 AR 044001 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.14.4.044001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA CZ1YP UT WOS:000366902300026 ER PT J AU Trautt, ZT Tavazza, F Becker, CA AF Trautt, Zachary T. Tavazza, Francesca Becker, Chandler A. TI Facilitating the selection and creation of accurate interatomic potentials with robust tools and characterization SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interatomic potentials; force fields; repositories; workflow; automation; reproducibility; digital data ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; AL-MG ALLOYS; FCC METALS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; PB SYSTEM; LIQUID; CU; APPROPRIATE AB The Materials Genome Initiative seeks to significantly decrease the cost and time of development and integration of new materials. Within the domain of atomistic simulations, several roadblocks stand in the way of reaching this goal. While the NIST Interatomic Potentials Repository hosts numerous interatomic potentials (force fields), researchers cannot immediately determine the best choice(s) for their use case. Researchers developing new potentials, specifically those in restricted environments, lack a comprehensive portfolio of efficient tools capable of calculating and archiving the properties of their potentials. This paper elucidates one solution to these problems, which uses Python-based scripts that are suitable for rapid property evaluation and human knowledge transfer. Calculation results are visible on the repository website, which reduces the time required to select an interatomic potential for a specific use case. Furthermore, property evaluation scripts are being integrated with modern platforms to improve discoverability and access of materials property data. To demonstrate these scripts and features, we will discuss the automation of stacking fault energy calculations and their application to additional elements. While the calculation methodology was developed previously, we are using it here as a case study in simulation automation and property calculations. We demonstrate how the use of Python scripts allows for rapid calculation in a more easily managed way where the calculations can be modified, and the results presented in user-friendly and concise ways. Additionally, the methods can be incorporated into other efforts, such as openKIM. C1 [Trautt, Zachary T.; Tavazza, Francesca; Becker, Chandler A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trautt, ZT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zachary.trautt@nist.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 23 IS 7 AR 074009 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/23/7/074009 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY5LN UT WOS:000366449200010 ER PT J AU Evan, S Rosenlof, KH Thornberry, T Rollins, A Khaykin, S AF Evan, Stephanie Rosenlof, K. H. Thornberry, Troy Rollins, Andrew Khaykin, Sergey TI TTL cooling and drying during the January 2013 stratospheric sudden warming SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE TTL; water vapour; sudden stratospheric warming ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; WATER-VAPOR; EQUATORIAL; MODEL; VARIABILITY; WAVES; TROPOSPHERE AB Extremely low water vapour concentrations (as low as 1.5 ppmv) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) were observed by in situ measurements during the Airborne Tropical TRopopause Experiment (ATTREX) winter 2013 deployment in February 2013. The January 2013 tropical (15 degrees N-15 degrees S) mean value of Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) water vapour satellite data at 82 hPa (2.3 ppmv) was one of the lowest during the instrument record (2004-2013). The relationship between a cooling of the tropical tropopause, a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event and convective activity in the western Pacific is investigated using satellite data and reanalysis meteorological products to elucidate the likely origin of those extremely low water vapour concentrations. A major midwinter SSW developed on 6 January 2013. Stratospheric polar temperatures increased by approximate to 30 K in a matter of days and temperatures in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) dropped at the same time. As a result of the easterly shear phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the SSW, the tropical tropopause in January 2013 was anomalously cold (zonal mean of 187 K) and elevated (85 hPa). The tropical cold point tropopause (CPT) temperature and water vapour concentration at 82 hPa decreased by about 2 K and 1.5 ppmv respectively within the first 15 days of January; the water vapour change was likely a result of dehydration associated with the rapid cooling of the tropical CPT during that period. C1 [Evan, Stephanie] Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, St Denis, France. [Rosenlof, K. H.; Thornberry, Troy; Rollins, Andrew] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, Troy; Rollins, Andrew] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Khaykin, Sergey] Lab Atmospheres Milieux Observat Spatiales, Paris, France. RP Evan, S (reprint author), Univ La Reunion, LACy UMR8105, 15 Ave Rene Cassin,CS 92003, St Denis 9, France. EM stephanie.evan@univ-reunion.fr RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 693 BP 3030 EP 3039 DI 10.1002/qj.2587 PN B PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ1IW UT WOS:000366860500009 ER PT J AU Motoba, T Takahashi, K Rodriguez, JV Russell, CT AF Motoba, Tetsuo Takahashi, Kazue Rodriguez, Juan V. Russell, Christopher T. TI Giant pulsations on the afternoonside: Geostationary satellite and ground observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE giant pulsations; wave-particle interactions; ground-space conjunction ID GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOMETER ARRAY; WAVES; PLASMASPHERE; PARTICLES; EVENT; ORBIT; MODE AB Giant pulsations (Pgs) are a special class of oscillations recognized in ground magnetometer records as exhibiting highly regular sinusoidal waveforms in the east-west component with periods around 100s. Previous statistical studies showed that Pgs occur almost exclusively on the morningside with peak occurrence in the postmidnight sector. In this paper, we present observations of Pgs extending to the afternoonside, using data from the GOES13 and 15 geostationary satellites and multiple ground magnetometers located in North America. For a long-lasting event on 29 February 2012, which spanned approximate to 08-18h magnetic local time, we show that basic Pg properties did not change with the local time, although the period of the pulsations was longer at later local time due to increasing mass loading. There is evidence that the Pgs resulted from fundamental poloidal mode standing Alfven waves, both on the morning and afternoonsides. Oscillations of energetic particles associated with the field oscillations exhibited an energy-dependent phase, which has previously been reported and explained by drift resonance. A statistical analysis of the ground magnetic field data (L = 3.8-7.4) covering 2008-2013 confirms that afternoon Pgs are not unusual. We identified a total of 105 Pg events (about 70% (30%) of the events occurred during non-storm (late storm recovery) periods), 31 of which occurred on the afternoonside. The afternoon Pgs occur under solar wind and geomagnetic conditions that are similar to the morning Pgs, but the afternoon Pgs tend to have short durations and occur frequently in winter instead of around spring and fall equinoxes that are favored by the morning Pgs. C1 [Motoba, Tetsuo; Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Russell, Christopher T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Motoba, T (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM tetsuo.motoba@gmail.com OI RODRIGUEZ, JUAN/0000-0002-6847-4136; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 FU NASA [NNX10AK93G, NNX13AE02G, NNX14AB97G, NAS5-02099]; Canadian Space Agency FX Work was supported by NASA grants NNX10AK93G, NNX13AE02G, and NNX14AB97G. The GOES magnetic field and energetic particle data are publicly available from NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly the National Geophysical Data Center). The ground magnetometer data are publicly available from the following magnetometer arrays: THEMIS GBOs (Principal Investigators (PIs): S. Mende and C.T. Russell), CARISMA (PI: I. Mann), CANMOS (PI: D. Calp), USGS (PI: C.A. Finn), and University of Alaska (PI: D. Hampton). We are grateful to the magnetometer PIs and team members for operating/maintaining the instruments as well as for making the data publicly available. We also acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission, specifically GBOs. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta and funded by the Canadian Space Agency. CANMOS is operated by the Geological Survey of Canada. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 8350 EP 8367 DI 10.1002/2015JA021592 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY0ZI UT WOS:000366135200014 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Sheng, C Su, YJ Hairston, MR Knipp, D Huang, CY Ober, D Redmon, RJ Coley, R AF Deng, Yue Sheng, Cheng Su, Yi-Jiun Hairston, Marc R. Knipp, Delores Huang, Cheryl Y. Ober, Daniel Redmon, Rob J. Coley, Robin TI Correlation between Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation in the dayside polar cap boundary regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cusp; Poynting flux; particle precipitation; coincide; Polar cap boundary; dayside ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; LOW-ALTITUDE; CUSP; FIELD; IONOSPHERE; CHAMP; LAYER AB Observations have revealed large Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation around the cusp region, which have strong impacts on the polar ionosphere/thermosphere. Simulations also confirmed that Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation significantly change the neutral density and dynamics around the dayside polar cap boundary regions. However, no detailed study has been conducted to show if they should coincide with each other or not. Our analysis of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite data reveals a complex correlation between them. Poynting flux and soft particle precipitation are coincident in some cases (match cases), but a clear displacement between them can also be identified in others (nonmatch cases). In the 29 cusp crossings from F13 we investigated, the ratio between nonmatch and match cases is close to 1:4. In nonmatch cases, the displacement between the Poynting flux enhancement and soft particle precipitation enhancement can be as large as 1 degrees in geomagnetic latitude. C1 [Deng, Yue; Sheng, Cheng] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Su, Yi-Jiun; Huang, Cheryl Y.; Ober, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Hairston, Marc R.; Coley, Robin] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75230 USA. [Knipp, Delores] Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redmon, Rob J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM yuedeng@uta.edu OI Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU NSF [AGS0955629]; NASA [NNX13AD64G, NNX14AD46G] FX This research at the University of Texas at Arlington was supported by NSF through grant AGS0955629, NASA through grants NNX13AD64G and NNX14AD46G. Please contact Marc R. Hairston (hairston@utdallas.edu) and Yi-Jiun Su (yi-jiun.caton@us.af.mil) for DMSP ion convection observations and Poynting flux used in this paper. The DMSP particle detectors were designed by Dave Hardy of AFRL, and data obtained from JHU/APL. We thank NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/) for providing the solar wind data. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 9102 EP 9109 DI 10.1002/2015JA021075 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY0ZI UT WOS:000366135200067 PM 27812438 ER PT J AU Vogel, CA Leffler, RJ AF Vogel, Christoph A. Leffler, Robert J. TI Climate of Canaan Valley SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we present and examine climate data from 1944 to 2002 for Canaan Valley, WV, including average, extreme, and monthly and seasonal temperature, and precipitation and snowfall amounts. The data, collected over decades by several dedicated National Weather Service cooperative observers, indicate that Canaan Valley's "cash crop" may indeed be its climate. The Canaan Valley has summer temperatures similar to those found in northern New England, an average seasonal snowfall higher than any large city in the US, and a shorter growing season than that of Fairbanks, AK. We highlight the area's exceptional climate and compare it to other well known locations. We also present and assess climate trends, including some relationships to the El Nino Southern Oscillation state, in Canaan Valley's 57-year record. C1 [Vogel, Christoph A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Liaison Canaan Valley Inst, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Leffler, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Vogel, CA (reprint author), CA Vogel Consulting, Mt Pleasant, SC 29466 USA. EM chascav100@gmail.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 14 SI 7 BP 18 EP 32 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX3JH UT WOS:000365594500003 ER PT J AU van Sebille, E Waterman, S Barthel, A Lumpkin, R Keating, SR Fogwill, C Turney, C AF van Sebille, Erik Waterman, Stephanie Barthel, Alice Lumpkin, Rick Keating, Shane R. Fogwill, Chris Turney, Chris TI Pairwise surface drifter separation in the western Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RELATIVE DISPERSION; ADRIATIC SEA; DYNAMICS; STATISTICS; PATTERNS; MODEL; DIFFUSIVITY; CIRCULATION AB The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in global climate, yet the mixing properties of the circulation in this part of the ocean remain poorly understood. Here dispersion in the vicinity of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front, one of the branches of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, is studied using 10 pairs of surface drifters deployed systematically across the frontal jet and its flanks. Drifter pairs were deployed with an initial separation of 13 m and report their position every hour. The separation of the pairs over 7 months, in terms of their Finite-Scale Lyapunov Exponents (FSLE), dispersion, and diffusivity, is characterized and related to expected behavior from Quasi-Geostrophic (QG) and Surface Quasi-Geostrophic (SQG) theories. The FSLE analysis reveals two submesoscale regimes, with SQG-like behavior at scales below 3.2 km and mixed QG/SQG behavior at scales between 3.2 and 73 km. The dispersion analysis, however, suggests QG-like behavior for the smallest scales. Both dispersion and diffusivity appear isotropic for scales up to 500 km. Finally, there is no clear indication of a cross-jet variation of drifter dispersion. C1 [van Sebille, Erik; Waterman, Stephanie; Barthel, Alice; Fogwill, Chris; Turney, Chris] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [van Sebille, Erik; Waterman, Stephanie; Barthel, Alice; Keating, Shane R.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London, England. [van Sebille, Erik] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Waterman, Stephanie] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Keating, Shane R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP van Sebille, E (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM E.van-Sebille@imperial.ac.uk RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; Fogwill, Christopher/0000-0002-6471-1106; Keating, Shane/0000-0002-6817-925X; Turney, Chris/0000-0001-6733-0993 FU Australasian Antarctic Expedition; Australian Research Council [DE130101336, DE120102927, FL100100195, FT120100004, DP130104156]; University of New South Wales; NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); CNES FX This work was supported by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2013-2014, the Australian Research Council (DE130101336, DE120102927, FL100100195, FT120100004, and DP130104156), and the University of New South Wales. R.L. received support from NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). We thank Shaun Dolk and Erik Valdez at the NOAA AOML GDP for their help with the drifters and data and members of the AAE 2013-2014 for the deployment of the drifters. The trajectories of the 2013/2014 AAE drifters are available through the NOAA GDP Drifter Data Assembly Center (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/dacdata.php). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). MODIS Aqua sea-surface temperature data are distributed by NASA (http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov). Insightful comments by Joe LaCasce and two anonymous reviewers proved extremely valuable. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6769 EP 6781 DI 10.1002/2015JC010972 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX2PS UT WOS:000365539700010 ER PT J AU Amaya, DJ Xie, SP Miller, AJ McPhaden, MJ AF Amaya, Dillon J. Xie, Shang-Ping Miller, Arthur J. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Seasonality of tropical Pacific decadal trends associated with the 21st century global warming hiatus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN DYNAMICS; HEAT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; MODULATION; REANALYSIS AB Equatorial Pacific changes during the transition from a nonhiatus period (pre-1999) to the present global warming hiatus period (post-1999) are identified using a combination of reanalysis and observed data sets. Results show increased surface wind forcing has excited significant changes in wind-driven circulation. Over the last two decades, the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent intensified at a rate of 6.9 cm s(-1) decade(-1). Similarly, equatorial upwelling associated with the shallow meridional overturning circulation increased at a rate of 2.0 x 10(-4) cm s(-1) decade(-1) in the central Pacific. Further, a seasonal dependence is identified in the sea surface temperature trends and in subsurface dynamics. Seasonal variations are evident in reversals of equatorial surface flow trends, changes in subsurface circulation, and seasonal deepening/shoaling of the thermocline. Anomalous westward surface flow drives cold-water zonal advection from November to February, leading to surface cooling from December through May. Conversely, eastward surface current anomalies in June-July drive warm-water zonal advection producing surface warming from July to November. An improved dynamical understanding of how the tropical Pacific Ocean responds during transitions into hiatus events, including its seasonal structure, may help to improve future predictability of decadal climate variations. C1 [Amaya, Dillon J.; Xie, Shang-Ping; Miller, Arthur J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Amaya, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM djamaya@ucsd.edu RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; FU NSF [OCE-1419306, 1305719]; Robert Scripps Fellowship; NOAA FX GECCO2 ocean reanalysis data are available at http://icdc.zmaw.de/. ERSSTv3b data set is freely available and maintained by NOAA's National Climate Data Center. TAO/TRITON data can be delivered by PMEL at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/. The NCDC PDO Index can be found at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/pdo/. This research was conducted by DJA with partial funding from A.J.M. by the NSF (OCE-1419306), S.P.X. by the NSF (1305719), and the Robert Scripps Fellowship. M.J.M. is supported by NOAA. PMEL contribution 4310. We thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of this paper. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 6782 EP 6798 DI 10.1002/2015JC010906 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CX2PS UT WOS:000365539700011 ER PT J AU Collins, AB Barbieri, LR McBride, RS McCoy, ED Motta, PJ AF Collins, A. B. Barbieri, L. R. McBride, R. S. McCoy, E. D. Motta, P. J. TI Reef relief and volume are predictors of Atlantic goliath grouper presence and abundance in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPINEPHELUS-ITAJARA; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; UNITED-STATES; PATCH REEFS; JUVENILE; FLORIDA AB Atlantic goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822), presence, abundance, and size distribution were assessed during monthly underwater visual surveys at natural and artificial reefs in the central eastern Gulf of Mexico (7-50 m depth). Atlantic goliath grouper were more likely to be present, and to occur in greater abundance, at artificial reefs. Abundance was positively related to vertical relief and structural volume, and the largest numbers of individuals were observed at high volume artificial reefs (e.g., shipwrecks). This was likely due to greater refuge availability provided by artificial reefs within the study region, where structurally comparable natural habitats are rare. Atlantic goliath grouper measured via underwater video ranged in size from 36 to 214 cm total length (TL; median = 121 cm). No relationship was observed between TL and site depth or reef type. Tagged individuals were documented to move distances ranging 10-203 km, but the majority of tag return data indicated high site fidelity. The strong site fidelity of goliath grouper combined with their continuous and predictable association with artificial reefs allows for relatively efficient monitoring of individuals within a given region; however, these traits also increase vulnerability to exploitation and underline the need for cautious management. C1 [Collins, A. B.; Barbieri, L. R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McBride, R. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McCoy, E. D.; Motta, P. J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Collins, AB (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS Extens, Manatee Cty Govt, 1303,17 St West, Palmetto, FL 34221 USA. EM abcollins@ufl.edu RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU NOAA/NMFS Cooperative Research Program grant [NA07NMF4540085] FX This work could not have been completed without the efforts and dedication of the members of the St. Petersburg Underwater Club (SPUC). We would like to thank all of the participating divers, specifically S Bratic, W Butts, J DeLaCruz, C Gardinal, C Grauer, B Hardman, S Hooker, I Lathrop, S Lucas, K Ludwig, M Joswig, D O'Hern, D Palmer, H Scarboro, R Taylor, and E Walker. We would also like to thank FWRI's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring and Fish Biology programs for sampling assistance. M Murphy and E Leone provided statistical assistance. T Kellison served as the NOAA/NMFS partner and provided useful comments throughout the project. We would like to extend our gratitude to L Bullock, D DeMaria, and C Koenig for comments throughout this research, and three anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. The majority of the work described herein was funded by a NOAA/NMFS Cooperative Research Program grant awarded to the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (NOAA grant NA07NMF4540085). The views, statements, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Commerce or any of its subagencies. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 15 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 BP 399 EP 418 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1001 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CW2KV UT WOS:000364822000001 ER PT J AU Stabenau, E Renshaw, A Luo, JG Kearns, E Wang, JD AF Stabenau, Erik Renshaw, Amy Luo, Jiangang Kearns, Edward Wang, John D. TI Improved coastal hydrodynamic model offers insight into surface and groundwater flow and restoration objectives in Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL ESTUARY; SOUTH FLORIDA; FRESH-WATER; DISCHARGE; SIMULATION; FIELD AB Biscayne Bay, a marine lagoon along the southeast Florida coast, has been affected by altered freshwater input due to water management construction features and operations. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan aims to improve the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of freshwater flow through central Florida to the southern coasts and to restore nearshore estuarine conditions in Biscayne Bay. The Biscayne Bay Simulation Model (BBSM) is used to evaluate the effects of proposed changes to freshwater flow on salinity in the bay. However, a recent version of the model has left out the groundwater component due to uncertainty in its quantity, a critical shortcoming considering the porous substrate connecting the bay to inland freshwater sources and historic evidence of fresh groundwater discharge. As a result, the BBSM had been unable to reproduce mean salinity and salinity variability along the shoreline. In the present effort, salinity data from an expanded set of monitoring stations were used to estimate the quantity of the fresh groundwater discharge component. Adjustments in friction in the shallow nearshore regions were also made to increase salinity variability to mimic natural conditions. The result, referred to as BBSM version 4, has improved salinity behavior in the critical nearshore region while maintaining previous salinity performance mid-bay. A substantial coastal freshwater component was required to simulate nearshore salinity during portions of the year. This is an interesting finding that suggests groundwater and other freshwater sources along the coast, including convection driven precipitation events, may have been underestimated and require further investigation. C1 [Stabenau, Erik; Renshaw, Amy] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33145 USA. [Luo, Jiangang; Wang, John D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kearns, Edward] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Stabenau, E (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33145 USA. EM erik_stabenau@nps.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 BP 433 EP 454 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1017 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA CW2KV UT WOS:000364822000003 ER PT J AU Olson, PA Ensor, P Olavarria, C Bott, N Constantine, R Weir, J Childerhouse, S van der Linde, M Schmitt, N Miller, BS Double, MC AF Olson, Paula A. Ensor, Paul Olavarria, Carlos Bott, Nadine Constantine, Rochelle Weir, Jody Childerhouse, Simon van der Linde, Miranda Schmitt, Natalie Miller, Brian S. Double, Michael C. TI New Zealand Blue Whales: Residency, Morphology, and Feeding Behavior of a Little-Known Population SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Blue whales are infrequently reported from New Zealand and their taxonomic status is unclear. Here we present new information on the residency, external morphology, and habitat use of blue whales encountered in New Zealand waters. Thirty-one blue whales were photo-identified around the North and South Islands of New Zealand from 2004 to 2014 in seven different months of the year. One photographic match was found between June 2011 and March 2013: the first evidence that an individual blue whale has remained in or returned to New Zealand waters in different years and seasons. Observations of the external morphology of blue whales encountered off the South Island confirm that there is a shorter, non-Antarctic form of blue whale occurring near New Zealand. Body length and proportion, head shape, body condition, and skin condition were similar to Australian but not Antarctic blue whales. In 2013, feeding behavior was observed off the South Island's west coast and strong evidence of feeding was observed off the east coast and is the first reported occurrence of feeding for these locations. Feeding behavior was also observed in the Hauraki Gulf in November 2010. Feeding in these widely spread locations, in addition to the recently reported foraging ground in the South Taranaki Bight, suggest that New Zealand coastal waters are a feeding area for blue whales. C1 [Olson, Paula A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ensor, Paul; Olavarria, Carlos; Schmitt, Natalie; Miller, Brian S.; Double, Michael C.] Australian Antarctic Div, Australian Marine Mammal Ctr, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Bott, Nadine] Wellington Dist Off, Dept Conservat, Wellington, New Zealand. [Constantine, Rochelle] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Weir, Jody] Kaikoura Ocean Res Inst Inc, Kaikoura 7300, New Zealand. [Childerhouse, Simon] Blue Planet Marine, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Olson, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Paula.Olson@noaa.gov FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; OMV New Zealand Ltd.; Transact Management; Bell Tea New Zealand Ltd.; Heberley Family; New Zealand Whale and Dolphin Trust FX The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration funded the participation of Paula Olson during the voyage. OMV New Zealand Ltd., Transact Management, Bell Tea New Zealand Ltd., and the Heberley Family supported the Cook Strait whale project. The New Zealand Whale and Dolphin Trust sponsored Miranda van der Linde's and Brian Miller's fieldwork in 2007. Manuscript accepted 22 February 2015. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 69 IS 4 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.2984/69.4.4 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CW8FW UT WOS:000365235900004 ER PT J AU Cash, MD Biesecker, DA Pizzo, V de Koning, CA Millward, G Arge, CN Henney, CJ Odstrcil, D AF Cash, M. D. Biesecker, D. A. Pizzo, V. de Koning, C. A. Millward, G. Arge, C. N. Henney, C. J. Odstrcil, D. TI Ensemble Modeling of the 23 July 2012 Coronal Mass Ejection SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC FIELDS; WSA-ENLIL; CME; INTERPLANETARY; PROPAGATION; MISSION; EVENT; SUN AB On 23 July 2012 a significant and rapid coronal mass ejection (CME) was detected in situ by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A. This CME was unusual due to its extremely brief Sun-to-1 AU transit time of less than 21 h and its exceptionally high impact speed of 2246 km/s. If this CME had been Earth directed, it would have produced a significant geomagnetic storm with potentially serious consequences. To protect our ground-and space-based assets, there is a clear need to accurately forecast the arrival times of such events using realistic input parameters and models run in near real time. Using Wang-Sheely-Arge (WSA)-Enlil, the operational model currently employed at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, we investigate the sensitivity of the 23 July CME event to model input parameters. Variations in the initial CME speed, angular width, and direction, as well as the ambient solar wind background, are investigated using an ensemble approach to study the effect on the predicted arrival time of the CME at STEREO A. Factors involved in the fast transit time of this large CME are discussed, and potential improvements to modeling such events with the WSA-Enlil model are presented. C1 [Cash, M. D.; de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cash, M. D.; Biesecker, D. A.; Pizzo, V.; de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Arge, C. N.; Henney, C. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cash, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michele.cash@noaa.gov FU AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0262]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the AFOSR Young Investigator Program grant FA9550-14-1-0262. SOHO coronagraph images were obtained from NASA's SOHO Science Archive (http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov). The STEREO A coronagraph images were obtained from NASA's STEREO Science Center Data Archive (http://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov), and the STEREO A solar wind plasma and magnetic field data were obtained from the PLASTIC Instrument Data Page (http://fiji.sr.unh.edu). Source surface synoptic charts were obtained from the Wilcox Solar Observatory website (http://wso.stanford.edu/synsourcel.html). This work utilizes data produced collaboratively between Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the National Solar Observatory (NSO). The ADAPT model development is supported by AFRL and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The input data utilized by ADAPT are obtained by NSO/NISP (NSO Integrated Synoptic Program). NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF). The GONG and ADAPT maps used in this study can be found at ftp://gong2.nso.edu/oQR/bqs and ftp://gong2.nso.edu/adapt/maps/special/Cash2015, respectively. The Enlil solar wind model used to run all CME simulations presented in this work is publicly accessible through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/models. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 10 BP 611 EP 625 DI 10.1002/2015SW001232 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0UX UT WOS:000365413700003 ER PT J AU Pizzo, VJ de Koning, C Cash, M Millward, G Biesecker, DA Puga, L Codrescu, M Odstrcil, D AF Pizzo, V. J. de Koning, C. Cash, M. Millward, G. Biesecker, D. A. Puga, L. Codrescu, M. Odstrcil, D. TI Theoretical basis for operational ensemble forecasting of coronal mass ejections SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; HYDRODYNAMIC STREAMS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COROTATING STREAMS; DATA ASSIMILATION; WSA-ENLIL; DISTURBANCES; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; MAPS AB We lay out the theoretical underpinnings for the application of the Wang-Sheeley-Arge-Enlil modeling system to ensemble forecasting of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in an operational environment. In such models, there is no magnetic cloud component, so our results pertain only to CME front properties, such as transit time to Earth. Within this framework, we find no evidence that the propagation is chaotic, and therefore, CME forecasting calls for different tactics than employed for terrestrial weather or hurricane forecasting. We explore a broad range of CME cone inputs and ambient states to flesh out differing CME evolutionary behavior in the various dynamical domains (e.g., large, fast CMEs launched into a slow ambient, and the converse; plus numerous permutations in between). CME propagation in both uniform and highly structured ambient flows is considered to assess how much the solar wind background affects the CME front properties at 1 AU. Graphical and analytic tools pertinent to an ensemble approach are developed to enable uncertainties in forecasting CME impact at Earth to be realistically estimated. We discuss how uncertainties in CME pointing relative to the Sun-Earth line affects the reliability of a forecast and how glancing blows become an issue for CME off-points greater than about the half width of the estimated input CME. While the basic results appear consistent with established impressions of CME behavior, the next step is to use existing records of well-observed CMEs at both Sun and Earth to verify that real events appear to follow the systematic tendencies presented in this study. C1 [Pizzo, V. J.; de Koning, C.; Cash, M.; Millward, G.; Biesecker, D. A.; Puga, L.; Codrescu, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Koning, C.; Cash, M.; Millward, G.; Odstrcil, D.] CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Pizzo, VJ (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Vic.Pizzo@noaa.gov FU AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0262] FX The authors thank the referees and the Editor for their helpful comments. All the data presented in this paper were produced using the inputs as described in the text and figures. WSA-Enlil (with cone), the model used to run all simulations herein, is publicly accessible through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/models. The work of M.D.C. was supported in part by the AFOSR Young Investigator Program grant FA9550-14-1-0262. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 10 BP 676 EP 697 DI 10.1002/2015SW001221 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0UX UT WOS:000365413700008 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Topsy-turvy: turning the counter-current heat exchange of leatherback turtles upside down SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heat exchange; counter-current; leatherback turtle; locomotory muscles ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; BODY TEMPERATURES; SEA-TURTLES; THERMOREGULATION; GIGANTOTHERMY; ENDOTHERMY; MOVEMENT; WATER AB Counter-current heat exchangers associated with appendages of endotherms feature bundles of closely applied arteriovenous vessels. The accepted paradigm is that heat from warm arterial blood travelling into the appendage crosses into cool venous blood returning to the body. High core temperature is maintained, but the appendage functions at low temperature. Leatherback turtles have elevated core temperatures in cold seawater and arteriovenous plexuses at the roots of all four limbs. We demonstrate that plexuses of the hindlimbs are situated wholly within the hip musculature, and that, at the distal ends of the plexuses, most blood vessels supply or drain the hip muscles, with little distal vascular supply to, or drainage from the limb blades. Venous blood entering a plexus will therefore be drained from active locomotory muscles that are overlaid by thick blubber when the adults are foraging in cold temperate waters. Plexuses maintain high limb muscle temperature and avoid excessive loss of heat to the core, the reverse of the accepted paradigm. Plexuses protect the core from overheating generated by muscular thermogenesis during nesting. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, North Mall Campus, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie FU JIMAR Visiting Scientist Programme FX J.D. received partial funding from the JIMAR Visiting Scientist Programme. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 AR 20150592 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0592 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CW1TP UT WOS:000364774700005 ER PT J AU Williard, A Parga, M Sagarminaga, R Swimmer, Y AF Williard, Amanda Parga, Mariluz Sagarminaga, Ricardo Swimmer, Yonat TI Physiological ramifications for loggerhead turtles captured in pelagic longlines SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fisheries; bycatch; physiology; corticosterone; lactate; delayed mortality ID RIDLEY SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; MORTALITY; BYCATCH; CAPTIVITY; STRESS; HOOKS AB Bycatch of endangered loggerhead turtles in longline fisheries results in high rates of post-release mortality that may negatively impact populations. The factors contributing to post-release mortality have not been well studied, but traumatic injuries and physiological disturbances experienced as a result of capture are thought to play a role. The goal of our study was to gauge the physiological status of loggerhead turtles immediately upon removal from longline gear in order to refine our understanding of the impacts of capture and the potential for post-release mortality. We analysed blood samples collected from longline- and hand-captured loggerhead turtles, and discovered that capture in longline gear results in blood loss, induction of the systemic stress response, and a moderate increase in lactate. The method by which turtles are landed and released, particularly if released with the hook or line still attached, may exacerbate stress and lead to chronic injuries, sublethal effects or delayed mortality. Our study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to document the physiological impacts of capture in longline gear, and our findings underscore the importance of best practices gear removal to promote post-release survival in longline-captured turtles. C1 [Williard, Amanda] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Parga, Mariluz] SUBMON, Barcelona 08024, Spain. [Sagarminaga, Ricardo] ALNITAK, Madrid 28240, Spain. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Williard, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM williarda@uncw.edu FU NOAA [658629/658847] FX Research was funded by NOAA Awards 658629/658847, and in accordance with all institutional (UNCW), governmental (Spain) and international (CITES) requirements. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 AR 20150607 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0607 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CW1TP UT WOS:000364774700007 ER PT J AU Gilbert, DA Maranville, BB Balk, AL Kirby, BJ Fischer, P Pierce, DT Unguris, J Borchers, JA Liu, K AF Gilbert, Dustin A. Maranville, Brian B. Balk, Andrew L. Kirby, Brian J. Fischer, Peter Pierce, Daniel T. Unguris, John Borchers, Julie A. Liu, Kai TI Realization of ground-state artificial skyrmion lattices at room temperature SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SKYRMIONS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; REAL; NANOMAGNETS; DYNAMICS; FILM AB The topological nature of magnetic skyrmions leads to extraordinary properties that provide new insights into fundamental problems of magnetism and exciting potentials for novel magnetic technologies. Prerequisite are systems exhibiting skyrmion lattices at ambient conditions, which have been elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate the realization of artificial Bloch skyrmion lattices over extended areas in their ground state at room temperature by patterning asymmetric magnetic nanodots with controlled circularity on an underlayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Polarity is controlled by a tailored magnetic field sequence and demonstrated in magnetometry measurements. The vortex structure is imprinted from the dots into the interfacial region of the underlayer via suppression of the PMA by a critical ion-irradiation step. The imprinted skyrmion lattices are identified directly with polarized neutron reflectometry and confirmed by magnetoresistance measurements. Our results demonstrate an exciting platform to explore room-temperature ground-state skyrmion lattices. C1 [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Maranville, Brian B.; Kirby, Brian J.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, Andrew L.; Pierce, Daniel T.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, Andrew L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 94056 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883 FU NSF [DMR-1008791, ECCS-1232275]; NRC Research Associateship Program; University of Maryland through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05-CH11231]; Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2012K1A4A3053565] FX This work was supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791 and ECCS-1232275). D.A.G. acknowledges support from the NRC Research Associateship Program. A.L.B. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (Award 70NANB10H193) through the University of Maryland. P.F. acknowledges support by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231 and the Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment Program (Grant no. 2012K1A4A3053565) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 13 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8462 DI 10.1038/ncomms9462 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CW3XO UT WOS:000364925900001 PM 26446515 ER PT J AU Voss, CM Browder, JA Wood, A Michaelis, A AF Voss, Christine M. Browder, Joan A. Wood, Andrew Michaelis, Adriane TI Factors driving the density of derelict crab pots and their associated bycatch in North Carolina waters SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN; VIRGINIA AB Lost or derelict fishing gear can impair fisheries by contributing to the depletion of target species populations and can reduce nontarget fish and wildlife populations. We measured the density of derelict crab pot (DCPs) using side-scan sonar and examined bycatch associated with DCPs in nearshore waters (depths <= 4 m) of 6 waterbodies important to the North Carolina blue crab fishery, the state's most valued commercial fishery. Extrapolated mean DCP density was 105 DCP/km(2) of open water (range: 6-301). Densities of DCPs differed significantly among waterbodies but not among habitats (marsh creeks, estuarine edge <= 50 m from shore, and Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway margin). Extrapolated DCP densities were generally greater than those concurrently observed for actively fished crab pots within the 201 1-km(2) cells sampled during 23 survey days between April and November 2010. Of the DCPs examined, 41% contained bycatch (unintentional catch) and 37% remained capable of trapping organisms. Bycatch was dominated by blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and included 5 diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) and 1 clapper rail (Rallus crepitans). Based on monitoring of four 1-km2 cells, annual DCP "recruitment" was 1.5 DCP/km(2) (1 SD). Reducing recruitment, persistence, and entrapment capability of DCPs would benefit the blue crab and Florida stone crab fisheries, as well as help conserve. at-risk wildlife populations. C1 [Voss, Christine M.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wood, Andrew; Michaelis, Adriane] Audubon North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. RP Voss, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM c.m.voss.unc@gmail.com FU NOAA Marine Debris Program FX This study was funded in part by the NOAA Marine Debris Program, with thanks to H. Bamford, S. Morison, and C. Arthur. Specific thanks to D. Lee of The Tortoise Reserve for input on study protocols. We thank C. Rivero for providing essential GIS support for our sampling plan. We thank J. Purifoy for sharing his invaluable skills and expertise on the water. We also thank W. Golder, N. Loft, A. Mangiameli, R. Nelson, C. H. Peterson, R. Sicheneder, M.-K. Spillane, P. Shrestha, J. Vicente, C. Wood, R. Wood, and A. Zasadny for their contributions. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 113 IS 4 BP 378 EP 390 DI 10.7755/FB.113.4.2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CV9MI UT WOS:000364610900002 ER PT J AU Seyoum, S Collins, AB Puchulutegui, C McBride, RS Tringali, MD AF Seyoum, Seifu Collins, Angela B. Puchulutegui, Cecilia McBride, Richard S. Tringali, Michael D. TI Genetically determined population structure of hogfish (Labridae: Lachnolaimus maximus) in the southeastern United States SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; HERMAPHRODITIC REEF FISH; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; RED DRUM; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MULTIPLE ALLELES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOFTWARE; SIZE AB Hogfish (Labridae: Lachnolaimus maximus) is distributed across several biogeographic regions, but its stock structure has been poorly documented, confounding stock assessment and management of this reef fishery species. In this study the genetic structure of hogfish over a portion of its southeastern U.S. range was examined by using a suite of 24 microsatellite DNA loci. Fin clips from 719 specimens were obtained from geographic locations ranging from northwest Florida through North Carolina. Genomic proportions of hogfish were partitioned into 3 distinct genetic clusters, geographically delineated as 1) the eastern Gulf of Mexico, 2) the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of Florida, and 3) the Carolinas. Clusters 1 and 2 converged along the coastal area west of the Florida Everglades, but the location of the genetic break between clusters 2 and 3 requires further study because of a discontinuity in specimen collection between southeast Florida and the Carolinas. The geographically limited reproductive exchange in this species indicates that future stock assessments should incorporate regionally partitioned analyses of life history and fishery data. C1 [Seyoum, Seifu; Collins, Angela B.; Puchulutegui, Cecilia; Tringali, Michael D.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McBride, Richard S.] NOAA, Populat Biol Branch, Fisheries & Ecosyst Monitoring Div, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Collins, Angela B.] Univ Florida, Florida Sea Grant, Inst Food & Agr Sci Extens, Palmetto, FL 34221 USA. RP Collins, AB (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM angela.collins@myfwc.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission from NOAA's Cooperative Research Program [NA05NMF4540040]; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, under Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program [F-69] FX We thank all the members of the Saint Petersburg Underwater Club (SPUC) for their involvement in this project, as well as J. Atack, B. Bateman, L. Borden, E. Burge, C. Collier, K. Fex, T. Grogan, J. Haag, J. Herrera, J. Shepard, A. Solana, M. Stokley and the contributing participants of the St. Pete Open, Spearboard Open, Key West Open, and Wrightsville Beach Spearfishing Tournaments. The Marine Fisheries-Independent and Marine Fisheries-Dependent Monitoring programs of the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, also provided specimens. E. Schotsman went above and beyond to collect data in south Florida. We are grateful to W. Cooper, D. Richardson, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. The majority of the work described herein was funded by grant NA05NMF4540040 to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission from NOAA's Cooperative Research Program, as well as through the U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, under the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program, Grant F-69. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 113 IS 4 BP 442 EP 455 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CV9MI UT WOS:000364610900007 ER PT J AU Jiang, LQ Feely, RA Carter, BR Greeley, DJ Gledhill, DK Arzayus, KM AF Jiang, Li-Qing Feely, Richard A. Carter, Brendan R. Greeley, Dana J. Gledhill, Dwight K. Arzayus, Krisa M. TI Climatological distribution of aragonite saturation state in the global oceans SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; CO2; ACIDIFICATION; CARBON; SEAWATER; CACO3; THERMODYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION; EQUILIBRIUM; ALKALINITY AB Aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) in surface and subsurface waters of the global oceans was calculated from up-to-date (through the year of 2012) ocean station dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) data. Surface Omega(arag) in the open ocean was always supersaturated (Omega>1), ranging between 1.1 and 4.2. It was above 2.0 (2.0-4.2) between 40 degrees N and 40 degrees S but decreased toward higher latitude to below 1.5 in polar areas. The influences of water temperature on the TA/DIC ratio, combined with the temperature effects on inorganic carbon equilibrium and apparent solubility product (K-sp'), explain the latitudinal differences in surface Omega(arag). Vertically, Omega(arag) was highest in the surface mixed layer. Higher hydrostatic pressure, lower water temperature, and more CO2 buildup from biological activity in the absence of air-sea gas exchange helped maintain lower Omega(arag) in the deep ocean. Below the thermocline, aerobic decomposition of organic matter along the pathway of global thermohaline circulation played an important role in controlling Omega(arag) distributions. Seasonally, surface Omega(arag) above 30 degrees latitudes was about 0.06 to 0.55 higher during warmer months than during colder months in the open-ocean waters of both hemispheres. Decadal changes of Omega(arag) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans showed that Omega(arag) in waters shallower than 100m depth decreased by 0.10 +/- 0.09 (-0.40 +/- 0.37%yr(-1)) on average from the decade spanning 1989-1998 to the decade spanning 1998-2010. C1 [Jiang, Li-Qing] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Carter, Brendan R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arzayus, Krisa M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Jiang, LQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM liqing.jiang@noaa.gov OI Jiang, Li-Qing/0000-0003-3311-1658; Carter, Brendan/0000-0003-2445-0711 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program; Climate Observations Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [4278]; Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network [0001] FX Data of this study came from the Carbon Dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean (CARINA), the Pacific Ocean Interior Carbon (PACIFICA), the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP), and some recent cruise data sets [Feely and Sabine, 2011; Wanninkhof et al., 2014]. All of the data used are available at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analyses Center. We acknowledge funding support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Ocean Acidification Program, the Climate Observations Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (contribution 4278), and the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (contribution 0001). We thank Rik Wanninkhof of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and Robert M. Key of Princeton University for their tremendous contribution to the analysis of data and comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We are grateful to Andrew Dickson of Scripps Institution of Oceanography for help with the error analysis. We thank Tim Boyer of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information and Siv Lauvset of University of Bergen for exploration of gridding options. We thank Ernie Lewis of Brookhaven National Laboratory for guidance on the use of CO2SYS to calculate carbonate parameters. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT PY 2015 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1656 EP 1673 DI 10.1002/2015GB005198 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW3FD UT WOS:000364876500006 ER PT J AU Mooring, TA Wilson, RJ AF Mooring, Todd A. Wilson, R. John TI Transient eddies in the MACDA Mars reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ENCIRCLING DUST STORM; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; TRAVELING-WAVES; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; DISTURBANCES; DYNAMICS AB We present a survey of the transient eddy activity in the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) reanalysis. The spatial structure and propagation characteristics of the eddies are emphasized. Band-pass-filtered variance and covariance fields are found to be zonally modulated, indicating a longitude dependence of the typical amplitudes of Martian transient eddies. Considerable repeatability of the eddy field spatial structures is found across Mars years, including a roughly wave number 3 pattern of low-level eddy meridional temperature transport (V'T') over bar in the northern hemisphere that is evident before and after winter solstice and a possible tendency for northern hemisphere eddy kinetic energy maxima to be located above low-lying areas. Southern hemisphere eddy fields tend to feature two local maxima, one roughly south of Tharsis and the other associated with Hellas. Eddies are weakened near winter solstice in both hemispheres and were generally weakened in the northern hemisphere during the 2001 (Mars year 25) global dust storm, albeit with little change in spatial patterns. Because the transient eddies propagate in space, we also used a teleconnection map-based technique to estimate their phase velocities. Eddy propagation at the surface is found to follow topography, a phenomenon less evident at higher altitude. Possible physical mechanisms underlying the documented eddy phenomena are discussed. C1 [Mooring, Todd A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wilson, R. John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Mooring, TA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmooring@alum.mit.edu OI Mooring, Todd/0000-0002-2293-8118 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE 1148900]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752, NA14OAR4320106] FX The MACDA v1.0 data set, including information on the meridional and temporal distribution of TES retrievals assimilated to produce it, may be downloaded from the British Atmospheric Data Centre. We thank three colleagues for providing or discussing supporting information data sets used in this paper. Luca Montabone supplied a copy of the MACDA control simulation and a gridded topographic map at the same horizontal resolution as the MACDA data set, both of which are available upon request from the authors of Montabone et al. [2014]. Tim Titus provided his polar cap edge data set, which is available from him upon request (ttitus@usgs.gov). Bruce Cantor discussed the MOC image with us. The MOC image and TES dust opacity retrievals used in Figure 1 are available from the NASA Planetary Data System. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly improved the paper. Mooring was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant DGE 1148900 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce under awards NA08OAR4320752 and NA14OAR4320106. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 1671 EP 1696 DI 10.1002/2015JE004824 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CW1YI UT WOS:000364787600004 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Zhang, Y Seo, DJ Xie, PP AF Lee, Haksu Zhang, Yu Seo, Dong-Jun Xie, Pingping TI Utilizing satellite precipitation estimates for streamflow forecasting via adjustment of mean field bias in precipitation data and assimilation of streamflow observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite precipitation estimates; Data assimilation; Streamflow; Distributed hydrologic model ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SOIL-MOISTURE PATTERNS; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; RUNOFF GENERATION; SCAMPR SATELLITE; ANALYSIS TMPA AB This study explores mitigating bias in satellite quantitative precipitation estimates (SQPE) and improving hydrologic predictions at ungauged locations via adjustment of the mean field bias (MFB) in SQPE and data assimilation (DA) of streamflow observations in a distributed hydrologic model. In this study, a variational procedure is used to adjust MFB in Climate Prediction Center MORPHing (CMORPH) SQPE and assimilate streamflow observations at the outlet of Elk River Basin in Missouri into the distributed Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) and kinematic wave routing models. The benefits of assimilation are assessed by comparing the streamflow predictions with or without DA at both the outlet and an upstream location, and by comparing the soil moisture grids forced by CMORPH SQPE against those forced by higher-quality multisensor quantitative precipitation estimates (MQPE) from National Weather Service. Special attention is given to the dependence of the efficacy of DA on the quality and latency of the SQPE, and the impact of dynamic correction of MFB in the SQPE via DA. The results show that adjusting MFB in CMORPH SQPE in addition to assimilating outlet flow reduces 66% of the bias in the CMORPH SQPE analysis and the RMSE of 12-h streamflow predictions by 81% at the outlet and 34-62% at interior locations of the catchment. Compared to applying a temporally invariant MFB for the entire storm, the DA-based, dynamic MFB correction reduces the RMSE of 6-h streamflow prediction by 63% at the outlet and 39-69% at interior locations. It is also shown that the accuracy of streamflow prediction deteriorates if the delineation of the precipitation area by CMORPH SQPE is significantly different, as measured by the Hausdorff distance, from that by MQPE. When compared with adjusting MFB in the CMORPH SQPE over the entire assimilation window, adjusting the MFB for all but the latest 18 h (i.e., the latency of CMORPH SQPE) within the assimilation window reduces the mean square error (MSE)-based skill score of streamflow predictions at the outlet by up to 0.08 and at interior locations by up to 0.13. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Haksu; Zhang, Yu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Water Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Haksu] LEN Technol, Oak Hill, VA USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Water Ctr, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Haksu.Lee@noaa.gov NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 779 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.057 PN 3 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500008 ER PT J AU Siddique, R Mejia, A Brown, J Reed, S Ahnert, P AF Siddique, Ridwan Mejia, Alfonso Brown, James Reed, Seann Ahnert, Peter TI Verification of precipitation forecasts from two numerical weather prediction models in the Middle Atlantic Region of the USA: A precursory analysis to hydrologic forecasting SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verification; Skill; Ensemble forecasting; Multi-sensor precipitation; Radar precipitation ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; ENSEMBLE FORECAST; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOOD RISK; ECMWF PRECIPITATION; RADAR RAINFALL; SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY AB Accurate precipitation forecasts are required for accurate flood forecasting. The structures of different precipitation forecasting systems are constantly evolving, with improvements in forecasting techniques, increases in spatial and temporal resolution, improvements in model physics and numerical techniques, and better understanding of, and accounting for, predictive uncertainty. Hence, routine verification is necessary to understand the quality of forecasts as inputs to hydrologic modeling. In this study, we verify precipitation forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 11-member Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast version 2 (GEFSRv2), as well as the 21-member Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system. Specifically, basin averaged precipitation forecasts are verified for different basin sizes (spatial scales) in the operating domain of the Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (MARFC), using multi-sensor precipitation estimates (MPEs) as the observed data. The quality of the ensemble forecasts is evaluated conditionally upon precipitation amounts, forecast lead times, accumulation periods, and seasonality using different verification metrics. Overall, both GEFSRv2 and SREF tend to overforecast light to moderate precipitation and underforecast heavy precipitation. In addition, precipitation forecasts from both systems become increasingly reliable with increasing basin size and decreasing precipitation threshold, and the 24-hourly forecasts show slightly better skill than the 6-hourly forecasts. Both systems show a strong seasonal trend, characterized by better skill during the cool season than the warm season. Ultimately, the verification results lead to guidance on the expected quality of the precipitation forecasts, together with an assessment of their relative quality and unique information content, which is useful and necessary for their application in hydrologic forecasting. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Siddique, Ridwan; Mejia, Alfonso] Penn State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Brown, James] Hydrol Solut Ltd, Southampton, Hants, England. [Reed, Seann; Ahnert, Peter] Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA USA. RP Siddique, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 212 Sackett Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ridwan.siddique@gmail.com FU NOAA's NWS; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University FX The first two authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support provided by the NOAA's NWS and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University. We also acknowledge the computational support provided by the Institute for Cyberscience at the Pennsylvania State University. We are thankful to Thomas Adams for providing some of the SREF data. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 529 BP 1390 EP 1406 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.042 PN 3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CV4PR UT WOS:000364249500057 ER PT J AU Shao, WZ Li, XF Sun, J AF Shao, Weizeng Li, Xiaofeng Sun, Jian TI Ocean Wave Parameters Retrieval from TerraSAR-X Images Validated against Buoy Measurements and Model Results SO Remote Sensing LA English DT Article DE TerraSAR-X; wave spectrum; significant wave height; mean wave period ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAR; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA AB An ocean surface wave retrieval algorithm, Parameterized First-guess Spectrum Method (PFSM), which was initially developed for C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), is modified to extract wave parameters from X-band TerraSAR-X (TS-X) images. Wave parameters, including significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (MWP) were extracted from nine TS-X HH-polarization images and were compared to in situ buoy measurements. The range of these wave retrievals is from 1 to 5 m of SWH and from 2 to 10 s of MWP. The retrieval accuracy could reach 80%. After that, a total of 16 collected TS-X HH-polarization images were used to invert wave parameters and then the retrieval results were compared to the operational WAVEWATCH-III wave model results. The SAR and in situ buoy wave comparison shows a 0.26 m Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of SWH and a 19.8% of Scatter Index (SI). The SAR and WAVEWATCH-III model comparison yields slightly worse results with an RMSE of 0.43 m of SWH and a 32.8% of SI. For MWP, the SAR and buoy comparison shows the RMSE is 0.45 s with an SI of 26%, which is better than the results from the SAR and WAVEWATCH-III model comparison. Our results show that the PFSM algorithm is suitable to estimate wave parameters from X-band TS-X data. C1 [Shao, Weizeng; Li, Xiaofeng] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Acoust & Remote Sensing Lab, Zhoushan 316000, Peoples R China. [Shao, Weizeng] Second Inst State Ocean Adm, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Sun, Jian] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, GST, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Acoust & Remote Sensing Lab, Zhoushan 316000, Peoples R China. EM shaoweizeng@zjou.edu.cn; Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov; sunjian77@ouc.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LQ14D060001]; Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics [SOED1409]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376010]; Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean University FX The TS-X images are provided by DLR through AOs (No. OCE1656 and OCE2256). In situ buoy data are downloaded from http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/, and WAVEWATCH-III model results are provided by Ifremer at ftp.ifremer.fr/ifremer/cersat/products/gridded/wavewatch3. Authors also appreciate support from the following: Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LQ14D060001 and Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics under Grant No.SOED1409 for Shao, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 41376010 for Sun and Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean University (2015). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 7 IS 10 BP 12815 EP 12828 DI 10.3390/rs71012815 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CV5RK UT WOS:000364328600010 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Pikal, MJ Qian, KK AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Pikal, Michael J. Qian, Ken K. TI Stabilization of proteins in solid form SO ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Dynamic stabilization; Water substitution; Aggregation; Protein stability; Lyophilization ID HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; LONG-TERM STABILITY; LYOPHILIZED FORMULATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; CHEMICAL-STABILITY AB Immunogenicity of aggregated or otherwise degraded protein delivered from depots or other biopharmaceutical products is an increasing concern, and the ability to deliver stable, active protein is of central importance. We review characterization approaches for solid protein dosage forms with respect to metrics that are intended to be predictive of protein stability against aggregation and other degradation processes. Each of these approaches is ultimately motivated by hypothetical connections between protein stability and the material property being measured. We critically evaluate correlations between these properties and stability outcomes, and use these evaluations to revise the currently standing hypotheses. Based on this we provide simple physical principles that are necessary (and possibly sufficient) for generating solid delivery vehicles with stable protein loads. Essentially, proteins should be strongly coupled (typically through H-bonds) to the bulk regions of a phase-homogeneous matrix with suppressed 13 relaxation. We also provide a framework for reliable characterization of solid protein forms with respect to stability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Qian, Ken K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MailStop 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov OI Cicerone, Marcus/0000-0002-2718-6533 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health (Grant: R01 EB006398-01A1). NR 130 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-409X EI 1872-8294 J9 ADV DRUG DELIVER REV JI Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 93 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.006 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CV4QS UT WOS:000364252200003 PM 25982818 ER PT J AU Hasan, MR Xie, T Barron, SC Liu, GN Nguyen, NV Motayed, A Rao, MV Debnath, R AF Hasan, Md Rezaul Xie, Ting Barron, Sara C. Liu, Guannan Nguyen, Nhan V. Motayed, Abhishek Rao, Mulpuri V. Debnath, Ratan TI Self-powered p-NiO/n-ZnO heterojunction ultraviolet photodetectors fabricated on plastic substrates SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE-LIGHT PHOTODETECTORS; UV PHOTODETECTOR; PHOTORESPONSE; METAL; OXIDE AB A self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) based on p-NiO and n-ZnO was fabricated using low-temperature sputtering technique on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The p-n heterojunction showed very fast temporal photoresponse with excellent quantum efficiency of over 63% under UV illumination at an applied reverse bias of 1.2 V. The engineered ultrathin Ti/Au top metal contacts and UV transparent PET/ITO substrates allowed the PDs to be illuminated through either frontside or backside. Morphology, structural, chemical, and optical properties of sputtered NiO and ZnO films were also investigated. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Hasan, Md Rezaul; Xie, Ting; Barron, Sara C.; Liu, Guannan; Motayed, Abhishek; Debnath, Ratan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hasan, Md Rezaul; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xie, Ting; Liu, Guannan] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Semiconductor & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Debnath, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ratan.debnath@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Xie, Ting/0000-0003-2722-7822 FU NSF [203146] FX One of the authors (M.R.H.) acknowledges the financial support of NSF Grant No. 203146. The devices were fabricated in the Nanofab of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST). The authors are grateful to Dr. Kerry Siebein and Dr. David J. Gundlach of NIST for their valuable help with XRD and EQE measurements, respectively. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 3 IS 10 AR 106101 DI 10.1063/1.4932194 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CV4JN UT WOS:000364233100026 ER PT J AU Brown, CJ White, C Beger, M Grantham, HS Halpern, BS Klein, CJ Mumby, PJ Tulloch, VJD Ruckelshaus, M Possingham, HP AF Brown, Christopher J. White, Crow Beger, Maria Grantham, Hedley S. Halpern, Benjamin S. Klein, Carissa J. Mumby, Peter J. Tulloch, Vivitskaia J. D. Ruckelshaus, Mary Possingham, Hugh P. TI Fisheries and biodiversity benefits of using static versus dynamic models for designing marine reserve networks SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; fishery behavior; marine protected area; model complexity; spatial population model ID TROUT PLECTROPOMUS-LEOPARDUS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PROTECTED AREAS; FLEET DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; INFORMATION; RECRUITMENT; OPPORTUNITY; CALIFORNIA AB Marine reserves are widely used to manage for the potentially conflicting objectives of conserving biodiversity and improving fisheries. The fisheries and conservation benefits of alternative reserve designs would ideally be assessed using dynamic models, which consider spillover of fish and larvae to fished areas, and the displacement of fishers to unprotected sites. In practice, however, decisions about the location of marine reserves generally rely on cheaper and faster static models. Static models analyze only spatial patterns in habitats, and typically assume fisheries profits are reduced by the amount that was generated in areas designated as reserves. To help determine the benefits of developing dynamic fisheries models, we assessed how well static models estimate costs of reserve systems to fisheries and how outcomes from reserves designed using either static or dynamic models differ. We tested these questions in two case studies, the network of marine protected areas in southern California, USA and the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park in Malaysia. Static models could either under or over-estimate the cost of reserve plans to fisheries, depending on the relative importance of fisher movement and larval dispersal dynamics. Despite the inaccuracy of static models for estimating costs, reserves designed using static models were similar to those designed with dynamic models if fisheries were well managed; or larval dispersal networks were simple. If larval networks were complex or there was overfishing, dynamic models generated substantially different reserve networks from static models, which improved conservation outcomes by up to 10% and fishing profits by up 20%. The time-scale of management was also important, because only dynamic models accounted for larval dispersal, so could find reserves that maximized the long-term benefits of larval spillover. Our case studies provide quantitative support for the assertion that static models can be useful for planning marine reserves for short-term objectives in well managed fisheries, but are not reliable for evaluating the relative costs of reserves to fisheries. C1 [Brown, Christopher J.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brown, Christopher J.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [White, Crow; Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Beger, Maria; Klein, Carissa J.; Tulloch, Vivitskaia J. D.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Grantham, Hedley S.] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Grantham, Hedley S.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Dept Biol, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Brown, CJ (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM christo.j.brown@gmail.com RI Brown, Christopher/G-4287-2011; Klein, Carissa/F-1632-2011; Beger, Maria/F-9049-2013; Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-7271-4091; Beger, Maria/0000-0003-1363-3571; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X FU Australian Research Council; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; UQ [DP110102153] FX Support was provided by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant, a UQ Postdoctoral Fellowship to C. J. Brown and Postdoctoral Fellowship for C. J. Klein (Project number DP110102153) and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. We are grateful to Robecca Jumin and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2015 VL 6 IS 10 AR 182 DI 10.1890/ES14-00429.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV1NF UT WOS:000364024300011 ER PT J AU Hardesty, BD Good, TP Wilcox, C AF Hardesty, Britta Denise Good, Thomas P. Wilcox, Chris TI Novel methods, new results and science-based solutions to tackle marine debris impacts on wildlife SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC3) CY AUG 14-18, 2014 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE ALDFG; Chemical contamination; Marine debris; Litter; Risk analysis ID COASTAL WATERS; PLASTIC DEBRIS; OCEAN; FISH; SEA AB There is an exponentially increasing amount of human-associated litter in our oceans. This marine litter results in a wide range of potential impacts on the environment. These range from the introduction of adsorbed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into food webs to the entanglement and subsequent mortality of threatened seabirds, fish, turtles and mammals in anthropogenic litter and derelict fishing gear. While there has been a major effort afoot to publicize these issues, there remains a paucity of data and scientific research to underpin solutions to the problems. To address knowledge gaps and to identify potential solutions, we assembled thirteen experts from around the world who are leaders in the field. Speakers present current research in three major areas: 1) integrated ecological and oceanographic models to that measure risk to wildlife and predict impact, 2) literature reviews and field studies that measure both the scope and intensity of the-threat across species, and 3) analysis of wildlife indicators as regulatory standards for plastic concentration in the environment. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hardesty, Britta Denise; Wilcox, Chris] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Good, Thomas P.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hardesty, BD (reprint author), CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. EM denise.hardesty@csiro.au RI Hardesty, Britta Denise/A-3189-2011; Wilcox, Chris/A-3585-2010 OI Hardesty, Britta Denise/0000-0003-1948-5098; Wilcox, Chris/0000-0002-5983-657X FU CSIRO's Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship; Shell Social Investment Program FX BDH and OW thank CSIRO's Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship and the Shell Social Investment Program for funding support. TG thanks NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Society for Conservation Biology's Marine Section for support to organize and attend this symposium. We would also like to acknowledge the organizing committee of the 3rd International Marine Conservation Congress and thank them for the opportunity to present new marine debris research findings to the broader community. We thank all symposium presenters for their participation, expertise and for sharing their knowledge at the 2014 IMCC. We also acknowledge the Ocean Conservancy for supporting an NCEAS working group on marine debris which fostered collaborations amongst many of the symposium participants and for providing travel assistance for some participants. Speaker presentation titles, co-authors and affiliations are detailed in Table 1. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 115 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.004 PG 6 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CV4QT UT WOS:000364252300002 ER PT J AU Thurstan, RH McClenachan, L Crowder, LB Drew, JA Kittinger, JN Levin, PS Roberts, CM Pandolfi, JM AF Thurstan, R. H. McClenachan, L. Crowder, L. B. Drew, J. A. Kittinger, J. N. Levin, P. S. Roberts, C. M. Pandolfi, J. M. TI Filling historical data gaps to foster solutions in marine conservation SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC3) CY AUG 14-18, 2014 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE Coastal management; Fisheries; Historical ecology; Marine ecology; Qualitative data ID TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; SHIFTING BASE-LINES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; FISH COMMUNITY; NORTH-SEA; FLORIDA-KEYS; WADDEN SEA AB Ecological data sets rarely extend back more than a few decades, limiting our understanding of environmental change and its drivers. Marine historical ecology has played a critical role in filling these data gaps by illuminating the magnitude and rate of ongoing changes in marine ecosystems. Yet despite a growing body of knowledge, historical insights are rarely explicitly incorporated in mainstream conservation and management efforts. Failing to consider historical change can have major implications for conservation, such as the ratcheting down of expectations of ecosystem quality over time, leading to less ambitious targets for recovery or restoration. We discuss several unconventional sources used by historical ecologists to fill data gaps including menus, newspaper articles, cookbooks, museum collections, artwork, benthic sediment cores and novel techniques for their analysis. We specify opportunities for the integration of historical data into conservation and management, and highlight the important role that these data can play in filling conservation data gaps and motivating conservation actions. As historical marine ecology research continues to grow as a multidisciplinary enterprise, great opportunities remain to foster direct linkages to conservation and improve the outlook for marine ecosystems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Thurstan, R. H.; Pandolfi, J. M.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [McClenachan, L.] Colby Coll, Environm Studies Program, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. [Crowder, L. B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Crowder, L. B.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Drew, J. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kittinger, J. N.] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Levin, P. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Roberts, C. M.] Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Thurstan, RH (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM r.thurstan@uq.edu.au; lemcclen@colby.edu; Larry.Crowder@stanford.edu; jd2977@columbia.edu; jkittinger@conservation.org; phil.levin@noaa.gov; callum.roberts@york.ac.uk; j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Kittinger, John/0000-0001-8799-7373; Thurstan, Ruth/0000-0002-8045-1631 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies FX Presentations and discussions held during at the 2014 International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC) inspired this article. We wish to thank Philine zu Ermgassen, Jonas Hentati-Sundberg, Merry Camhi, Bob Pressey, Alison Green, Steven Scyphers, Tyler Eddy and Jon Brodie for their involvement in and valuable contributions to the discussion. We also thank Tara Clark for access to photographs, and Emily Klein and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The Foundation and the Fisheries Society of the British Isles supported RT's attendance at the 2014 IMCC. An Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship in Ocean Science supported LM. JMP acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. NR 126 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 115 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.019 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CV4QT UT WOS:000364252300006 ER PT J AU Kieu, C AF Kieu, Chanh TI Hurricane maximum potential intensity equilibrium SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE MPI equilibrium; hurricane radiative equilibrium; tropical cyclones; WISHE feedback; MPI stability ID FORCED SECONDARY CIRCULATIONS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PART II; MODEL; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; VORTICES; VORTEX; SHEAR AB This study presents a minimal model to examine the stability of the hurricane maximum potential intensity (MPI) equilibrium, based on the evolution of several hurricane fundamental scales. It is shown that this hurricane-scale model contains MPI as an asymptotically stable spiral point under the wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) feedback mechanism. Furthermore, the hurricane development is characterized by two different time-scales instead of a simple linear growth, as often assumed in previous studies. Inclusion of radiative cooling reduces the MPI limit, but the MPI equilibrium in general is structurally stable. In particular, radiative cooling will modify the basin of attraction of the MPI equilibrium and create a domain in the phase space of the hurricane scales such that a vortex would not develop if its initial condition falls within this domain. Potential mechanisms that can further unfold the stability of the MPI equilibrium will also be discussed. C1 [Kieu, Chanh] NWS NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ckieu@indiana.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 692 BP 2471 EP 2480 DI 10.1002/qj.2556 PN A PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU9LJ UT WOS:000363865700001 ER PT J AU Fujii, Y Cummings, J Xue, Y Schiller, A Lee, T Balmaseda, MA Remy, E Masuda, S Brassington, G Alves, O Cornuelle, B Martin, M Oke, P Smith, G Yang, XS AF Fujii, Yosuke Cummings, James Xue, Yan Schiller, Andreas Lee, Tong Balmaseda, Magdalena Alonso Remy, Elisabeth Masuda, Shuhei Brassington, Gary Alves, Oscar Cornuelle, Bruce Martin, Matthew Oke, Peter Smith, Gregory Yang, Xiaosong TI Evaluation of the Tropical Pacific Observing System from the ocean data assimilation perspective SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE TPOS2020; ocean data assimilation; TAO; TRITON array; observing system evaluation; observing system experiment ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT-CONTENT; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE PREDICTION; INSTABILITY WAVES; PART I; ENSEMBLE AB The drastic reduction in the number of observation data from the Tropical Atmospheric Ocean (TAO)/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) array since 2012 has given rise to a need to assess the impact of those data in ocean data assimilation (DA) systems. This article provides a review of existing studies evaluating the impacts of data from the TAO/TRITON array and other components of the Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS) on current ocean DA systems used for a variety of operational and research applications. It can be considered as background information that can guide the evaluation exercise of TPOS. Temperature data from TAO/TRITON array are assimilated in most ocean DA systems which cover the tropical Pacific in order to constrain the ocean heat content, stratification, and circulation. It is shown that the impacts of observation data depend considerably on the system and application. The presence of model error often makes the results difficult to interpret. Nevertheless there is consensus that the data from TAO/TRITON generally have positive impacts complementary to Argo floats. In the equatorial Pacific, the impacts are generally around the same level or larger than those of Argo. We therefore conclude that, with the current configuration of TPOS, the loss of the TAO/TRITON data is having a significant detrimental impact on many applications based on ocean DA systems. This conclusion needs to be kept under review because the equatorial coverage by Argo is expected to improve in the future. C1 [Fujii, Yosuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30050052, Japan. [Cummings, James] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Xue, Yan] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Schiller, Andreas; Oke, Peter] CSIRO Oceans & Atmospher Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena Alonso] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Remy, Elisabeth] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Masuda, Shuhei] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Brassington, Gary; Alves, Oscar] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Cornuelle, Bruce] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Martin, Matthew] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Smith, Gregory] Environm Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Yang, Xiaosong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fujii, Y (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30050052, Japan. EM yfujii@mri-jma.go.jp RI Oke, Peter/C-5127-2011; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Oke, Peter/0000-0002-3163-5610; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU JSPS KAKENHI [24740324] FX We are very grateful to two reviewers for their constructive comments. We also thank Drs D. Anderson and T. Suga, and other members of science organizing committee of the TPOS2020 workshop, as well as their secretary, Dr K. Hill, for their fruitful advice and suggestions on the article. Parts of the data used were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it. (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; accessed 24 May 2015, http://www.jcommops.org/argo; accessed 1 July 2015). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 24740324. NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 692 BP 2481 EP 2496 DI 10.1002/qj.2579 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU9LJ UT WOS:000363865700002 ER PT J AU Kieu, C AF Kieu, Chanh TI Revisiting dissipative heating in tropical cyclone maximum potential intensity SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dissipative heating; tropical cyclone; maximum potential intensity; hurricane intensity ID HURRICANE INTENSITY; KINETIC-ENERGY; ENGINE CONCEPT; CRITIQUE; LAYER AB In this study, we re-examine the hypothesis of the dissipative heating in the tropical cyclone (TC) maximum potential intensity (MPI) proposed by Bister and Emanuel in 1998. By analysing an integral energy equation for an atmospheric domain that encloses all the TC Carnot legs, it is shown that the dissipative heating within the boundary layer is inherently contained in the energy budget so that there is no need to treat it separately. Due to the well-mixed assumption, the net impact of the dissipative heating turns out to be negligible, resulting in the same MPI estimation as in Emanuel's 1986 article. Within the atmospheric surface layer, the dissipative heating comes at the expense of reduced internal kinetic energy in the boundary layer, which is not seen in Bister and Emanuel's formulation due to their assumption of constant wind speed within the atmospheric surface layer. Analysis of the energy distribution within the atmospheric surface layer shows that about 10-30% of the frictional work could be transferred to the ocean surface waves and oceanic well-mixed layer, and the assumption that all frictional work is converted to the dissipative heating therefore needs to be revisited. Given further uncertainties in how the dissipative heating is distributed within the surface layer and how the atmospheric surface layer exchanges heat with the ambient environment, we recommend use of the original MPI formula obtained by Emanuel (1986) in which the impact of the dissipative heating within the surface layer can be effectively included in the bulk enthalpy flux parametrization instead of considering dissipative heating as an independent heat source as proposed by Bister and Emanuel. C1 [Kieu, Chanh] NOAA NWC NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, GY517 Geol Bldg,1000E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ckieu@indiana.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 692 BP 2497 EP 2504 DI 10.1002/qj.2534 PN A PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU9LJ UT WOS:000363865700003 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Yang, SH Yang, KW Dagalakis, NG AF Kim, Yong-Sik Yang, Seung Ho Yang, Kwang Woong Dagalakis, Nicholas G. TI Design of MEMS vision tracking system based on a micro fiducial marker SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE MEMS; Vision-tracking; Vision-marker; Micro-manipulation; Open CV ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; SENSORS; NANOPOSITIONERS AB Many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices require considerable design effort to embed their own sensors to monitor themselves. In this study, a MEMS-based vision tracking system is developed based on micro fiducial markers. The vision tracking system recognizes the predetermined patterns of the micro-scale fiducial markers and calculates the position and rotation of the MEMS elements. Due to its good accessibility, the presented system can be applied to MEMS devices without significant effort or modification. This tracking system and three micro vision markers are applied to a MEMS nanopositioner as a linear displacement sensor. With three fiducial markers printed on a nanopositioner, the presented system can monitor the linear displacement of the nanopositioner with the error less than 1% of an intended motion and the jitter error less than 1 pm. The presented MEMS vision tracking system also demonstrated its capabilities to track multiple MEMS elements simultaneously in MEMS-based micro-manipulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yong-Sik; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Seung Ho] Seagate Technol, HDI Tech Staging, Shakopee, MN 55379 USA. [Yang, Kwang Woong] Korea Inst Ind Technol, Cheonan, South Korea. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), Seagate Technol, HDI Tech Staging, Shakopee Dr Ctr,Mailstop SHK221,1280 Disc Dr, Shakopee, MN 55379 USA. EM seunghoyang74@gmail.com FU Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Antanas Daugela at Seagate for his valuable advice and support on the experiment. This research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) Nano Fabrication Clean Room. This work was supported by the Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 234 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2015.08.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CU8XC UT WOS:000363826400007 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Crill, BP Dowell, CD Dvorkin, C Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Halpern, M Harrison, S Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Mason, P Megerian, KG Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, AC Willmert, J Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Crill, B. P. Dowell, C. D. Dvorkin, C. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Mason, P. Megerian, K. G. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. C. Willmert, J. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. CA Keck Array Collaboration Bicep2 Collaboration TI BICEP2/KECK ARRAY V: MEASUREMENTS OF B-MODE POLARIZATION AT DEGREE ANGULAR SCALES AND 150 GHz BY THE KECK ARRAY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational waves; inflation; polarization ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRA; GRAVITY-WAVES; TEMPERATURE; QUAD; IMAGER; CAPMAP; MAPS AB The Keck Array is a system of cosmic microwave background polarimeters, each similar to the BICEP2 experiment. In this paper we report results from the 2012 to 2013 observing seasons, during which the Keck Array consisted of five receivers all operating in the same (150 GHz) frequency band and observing field as BICEP2. We again find an excess of B-mode power over the lensed-.CDM expectation of >5 sigma in the range 30 < l < 150 and confirm that this is not due to systematics using jackknife tests and simulations based on detailed calibration measurements. In map difference and spectral difference tests these new data are shown to be consistent with BICEP2. Finally, we combine the maps from the two experiments to produce final Q and U maps which have a depth of 57 nK deg (3.4 mu K arcmin) over an effective area of 400 deg(2) for an equivalent survey weight of 250,000 mu K-2. The final BB band powers have noise uncertainty a factor of 2.3 times better than the previous results, and a significance of detection of excess power of >6 sigma. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Crill, B. P.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alexander, K. D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Buza, V.; Connors, J.; Dvorkin, C.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barkats, D.] ESO, Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] Commissariat Energie Atom, SBT, Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ade, PAR (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM sstokes@stanford.edu OI Alexander, Kate/0000-0002-8297-2473; Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 FU National Science Foundation (Harvard) [ANT-1145172]; Keck Foundation (Caltech); NASA APRA program [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; NASA SAT program [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation (Minnesota) [ANT-1145143]; National Science Foundation (Stanford) [ANT-1145248] FX The Keck Array project has been made possible through support from the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-1145172 (Harvard), ANT-1145143 (Minnesota) & ANT-1145248 (Stanford), and from the Keck Foundation (Caltech). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and Grants No. 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. The analysis effort at Stanford and SLAC is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. We thank the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Program and in particular the South Pole Station without whose help this research would not have been possible. Most special thanks go to our heroic winter-overs Robert Schwarz and Steffen Richter. We thank all those who have contributed past efforts to the BICEP-Keck Array series of experiments, including the BICEP1 team. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 811 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/811/2/126 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU4QE UT WOS:000363513800054 ER PT J AU Casassus, S Marino, S Perez, S Roman, P Dunhill, A Armitage, PJ Cuadra, J Wootten, A van der Plas, G Cieza, L Moral, V Christiaens, V Montesinos, M AF Casassus, S. Marino, S. Perez, S. Roman, P. Dunhill, A. Armitage, P. J. Cuadra, J. Wootten, A. van der Plas, G. Cieza, L. Moral, Victor Christiaens, V. Montesinos, Matias TI ACCRETION KINEMATICS THROUGH THE WARPED TRANSITION DISK IN HD 142527 FROM RESOLVED CO(6-5) OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-disk interactions; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual: (HD 142527) ID PROTOPLANETARY DISK; SURROUNDING HD-142527; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; EMISSION; GAP; COMPANION; ABUNDANCES; EVOLUTION; PLANETS; BINARY AB The finding of residual gas in the large central cavity of the HD 142527 disk motivates questions regarding the origin of its non-Keplerian kinematics and possible connections with planet formation. We aim to understand the physical structure that underlies the intra-cavity gaseous flows, guided by new molecular-line data in CO(6-5) with unprecedented angular resolutions. Given the warped structure inferred from the identification of scattered-light shadows cast on the outer disk, the kinematics are consistent, to first order, with axisymmetric accretion onto the inner disk occurring at all azimuths. A steady-state accretion profile, fixed at the stellar accretion rate, explains the depth of the cavity as traced in CO isotopologues. The abrupt warp and evidence for near free-fall radial flows in HD 142527 resemble theoretical models for disk tearing, which could be driven by the reported low-mass companion, whose orbit may be contained in the plane of the inner disk. The companion's high inclination with respect to the massive outer disk could drive Kozai oscillations over long timescales; high-eccentricity periods may perhaps account for the large cavity. While shadowing by the tilted disk could imprint an azimuthal modulation in the molecular-line maps, further observations are required to ascertain the significance of azimuthal structure in the density field inside the cavity of HD 142527. C1 [Casassus, S.; Marino, S.; Perez, S.; van der Plas, G.; Christiaens, V.; Montesinos, Matias] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Casassus, S.; Marino, S.; Perez, S.; Roman, P.; Dunhill, A.; Cuadra, J.; van der Plas, G.; Cieza, L.; Moral, Victor; Christiaens, V.; Montesinos, Matias] Millennium Nucleus Protoplanetary Disks, Santiago, Chile. [Roman, P.; Moral, Victor] Univ Chile, Ctr Math Modeling, Santiago, Chile. [Dunhill, A.; Cuadra, J.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wootten, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Cieza, L.] Univ Diego Portales, Fac Ingn, Santiago, Chile. RP Casassus, S (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile. EM scasassus@u.uchile.cl RI Casassus, Simon/I-8609-2016; OI Marino, Sebastian/0000-0002-5352-2924; , Sebastian/0000-0003-2953-755X; van der Plas, Gerrit/0000-0001-5688-187X; Roman, Pablo/0000-0002-7105-9371; casassus, simon/0000-0002-0433-9840 FU Chilean Ministry of Economy [RC130007]; FONDECYT [1130949, 1141175, 3140601, 3140634, 3140393]; CONICYT-ALMA grant [31120007, ALMA-CONICYT 31120006]; NSF [AST 1313021]; CONICYT-Gemini grant [32130007]; Chilean supercomputing infrastructure of the NLHPC [ECM-02] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Sylvestre Lacour, Giuseppe Lodato, James Owen, and Daniel Price. We thank the referee for a positive report and constructive comments. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ALMA# 2011.0.00465. S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO, NSF, NINS, NRC, NSC, ASIAA. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. Financial support was provided by Millennium Nucleus RC130007 (Chilean Ministry of Economy) and additionally by FONDECYT grants 1130949, 1141175, 3140601, 3140634, 3140393. S.M. acknowledges CONICYT-PCHA / Magister Nacional / 2014-22140628. P.R. and V.M. acknowledge support from CONICYT-ALMA grant ALMA-CONICYT 31120006. A.D. acknowledges CONICYT-ALMA grant 31120007. P.J.A. acknowledges support from NSF award AST 1313021. M.M. acknowledges CONICYT-Gemini grant 32130007. This work was partially supported by the Chilean supercomputing infrastructure of the NLHPC (ECM-02). NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 811 IS 2 AR 92 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/811/2/92 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU4QE UT WOS:000363513800020 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Timmermann, A Widlansky, MJ Balmaseda, MA Stockdale, TN AF McPhaden, Michael J. Timmermann, Axel Widlansky, Matthew J. Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Stockdale, Timothy N. TI A Perspective from 40 Years of Progress in Climate Research and Forecasting SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WARMING HIATUS; LA-NINA AB Forty years ago, Klaus Wyrtki of the University of Hawaii launched an El Nino Watch expedition to the eastern equatorial Pacific to document oceanographic changes that were expected to develop during the onset of an El Nino event in early 1975. He and his colleagues used a very simple atmospheric pressure index to predict the event and convinced the National Science Foundation and Office of Naval Research to support an expedition to the eastern Pacific on relatively short notice. An anomalous warming was detected during the first half of the expedition, but it quickly dissipated. Given the state of the art in El Nino research at the time, Wyrtki and colleagues could offer no explanation for why the initial warming failed to amplify, nor could they connect what they observed to what was happening in other parts of the basin prior to and during the expedition. With the benefit of hindsight, the authors provide a basin-scale context for what the expedition observed, elucidate the dynamical processes that gave rise to the abbreviated warming that was detected, and present retrospective forecasts of the event using modern coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamical model prediction systems. Reviewing this history highlights how early pioneers in El Nino research, despite the obstacles they faced, were able to make significant progress through bold initiatives that advanced the frontiers of our knowledge. It is also evident that, even though the scientific community today has a much deeper understanding of climate variability, more advanced observational capabilities, and sophisticated seasonal forecasting tools, skillful predictions of El Nino and its cold counterpart La Nina remain a major challenge. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timmermann, Axel; Widlansky, Matthew J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.; Stockdale, Timothy N.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; FU NOAA; U.S. NSF [1049219]; ECMWF FX This article is dedicated to the memory of the late Klaus Wyrtki. Special thanks to Doug Luther for providing the Banaba Island wind data and to Bill Patzert and Curt Collins for sharing detailed recollections of the 1975 El Nino Watch expedition. Likewise, our thanks to Roger Lukas, Kelvin Richards, Jay McCreary, Dennis Moore, Jim O'Brien, Barbara Hickey, and Tim Barnett for their insights and perspectives on this period. We greatly appreciate Curt Collins's permission to publish excerpts of his poem from the December 1974 meeting in La Jolla. Dai McClurg helped with some of the graphics and Andrew Allegra helped with locating El Nino Watch expedition data files in the NODC archives. We are grateful to Ken Takahashi for bringing the original El Nino paper (Carrillo 1892) to our attention. We thank Paul Roundy and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful critiques, which lead to a greatly improved final version of this paper. MJM was supported by NOAA. AT and MJW were supported by the U.S. NSF through Grant 1049219. MAB and TNS were supported by ECMWF. NR 118 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1647 EP 1665 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00089.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8AV UT WOS:000363764200001 ER PT J AU Wilczak, J Finley, C Freedman, J Cline, J Bianco, L Olson, J Djalalova, I Sheridan, L Ahlstrom, M Manobianco, J Zack, J Carley, JR Benjamin, S Coulter, R Berg, LK Mirocha, J Clawson, K Natenberg, E Marquis, M AF Wilczak, James Finley, Cathy Freedman, Jeff Cline, Joel Bianco, Laura Olson, Joseph Djalalova, Irina Sheridan, Lindsay Ahlstrom, Mark Manobianco, John Zack, John Carley, Jacob R. Benjamin, Stan Coulter, Richard Berg, Larry K. Mirocha, Jeffrey Clawson, Kirk Natenberg, Edward Marquis, Melinda TI THE WIND FORECAST IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (WFIP) A Public-Private Partnership Addressing Wind Energy Forecast Needs SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; LOW-LEVEL JET; PROFILER DATA; MODEL; SUPPORT; CLIMATOLOGY AB The Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP) is a public-private research program, the goal of which is to improve the accuracy of short-term (0-6 h) wind power forecasts for the wind energy industry. WFIP was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), with partners that included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), private forecasting companies (WindLogics and AWS Truepower), DOE national laboratories, grid operators, and universities. WFIP employed two avenues for improving wind power forecasts: first, through the collection of special observations to be assimilated into forecast models and, second, by upgrading NWP forecast models and ensembles. The new observations were collected during concurrent year-long field campaigns in two high wind energy resource areas of the United States (the upper Great Plains and Texas) and included 12 wind profiling radars, 12 sodars, several lidars and surface flux stations, 184 instrumented tall towers, and over 400 nacelle anemometers. Results demonstrate that a substantial reduction (12%-5% for forecast hours 1-12) in power RMSE was achieved from the combination of improved numerical weather prediction models and assimilation of new observations, equivalent to the previous decade's worth of improvements found for low-level winds in NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) operational weather forecast models. Data-denial experiments run over select periods of time demonstrate that up to a 6% improvement came from the new observations. Ensemble forecasts developed by the private sector partners also produced significant improvements in power production and ramp prediction. Based on the success of WFIP, DOE is planning follow-on field programs. C1 [Wilczak, James; Marquis, Melinda] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Finley, Cathy; Sheridan, Lindsay; Ahlstrom, Mark] WindLogics Inc, St Paul, MN USA. [Freedman, Jeff] AWS Truepower, Albany, NY USA. [Cline, Joel] DOE Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC USA. [Bianco, Laura; Olson, Joseph; Djalalova, Irina] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manobianco, John; Zack, John; Natenberg, Edward] MESO Inc, Troy, NY USA. [Carley, Jacob R.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Coulter, Richard] DOE Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Berg, Larry K.] DOE Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Mirocha, Jeffrey] DOE Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Clawson, Kirk] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Wilczak, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Natenberg, Edward/0000-0002-8072-5698 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Numerous individuals made significant contributions to the success of WFIP. These include Tim Martin, Clark King, Jesse Leach, Tom Ayers, Jim Jordan, Dan Gottas, David Welsh, Leon Benjamin, Matthew Filippelli, Kurt Elsholz, Vic Morris, and Dan Nelson (field deployment and data acquisition); John Schroeder, Tom Strong, Shane Beard, Dave Christensen, Dennis Finn, Roger Carter, Brad Reese, Robert Lipschutz, Jason Rich, and Charles Kovalsky (data communications); Philippe Beaucage, Katherine Rojowsky, Sukanta Basu, and Paul Svenson (data analysis); Jennifer Leise, Deborah Hanley, and Ken Pennock (project management); Carrie Gillespie, Ken DeRose, Dennis Todey, and Bob Conzemius (real-time meteorological tower and turbine nacelle data); Victor Yannuzzi and Francisco Guzman (forecasting support); Dennis Keyser, Steven Levine, Jeff Whiting, and Ming Hu (GSI and data assimilation); Eric Rogers and Curtis Alexander (model development); Richard Eckman and Elizabeth Weatherhead (statistical analysis); Stan Calvert, Will Shaw, Geoff DiMego, John Brown, and Allen White (program support); Brian Ancell, Keith Brewster, Kevin Thomas, and Steve Young (AWST modeling systems); Venkat Banunarayanan, Saleh Nasir, Kristen Orwig, Greg Brinkman, Greg Stark, Erik Ela, and Jie Zhang (ongoing economic analysis); Isabel Flores (ERCOT liaison); and Michael McMullen (MISO liaison). The authors gratefully thank three anonymous reviewers for many constructive comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1699 EP 1718 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00107.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8AW UT WOS:000363764300003 ER PT J AU Klein, P Bonin, TA Newman, JF Turner, DD Chilson, PB Wainwright, CE Blumberg, WG Mishra, S Carney, M Jacobsen, EP Wharton, S Newsom, RK AF Klein, P. Bonin, T. A. Newman, J. F. Turner, D. D. Chilson, P. B. Wainwright, C. E. Blumberg, W. G. Mishra, S. Carney, M. Jacobsen, E. P. Wharton, S. Newsom, R. K. TI LABLE A Multi-Institutional, Student-Led, Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL-JET; EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; WATER-VAPOR; DOPPLER LIDAR; INFRARED RADIANCE; WIND; CLIMATOLOGY; TURBULENCE AB This paper presents an overview of the Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (LABLE), which included two measurement campaigns conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma during 2012 and 2013. LABLE was conducted as a collaborative effort between the University of Oklahoma (OU), the National Severe Storms Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and the ARM program. LABLE can be considered unique in that it was designed as a multiphase, low-cost, multiagency collaboration. Graduate students served as principal investigators and took the lead in designing and conducting experiments aimed at examining boundary layer processes.The main objective of LABLE was to study turbulent phenomena in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere over heterogeneous terrain using a variety of novel atmospheric profiling techniques. Several instruments from OU and LLNL were deployed to augment the suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments at the ARM site. The complementary nature of the deployed instruments with respect to resolution and height coverage provides a near-complete picture of the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. This paper provides an overview of the experiment including 1) instruments deployed, 2) sampling strategies, 3) parameters observed, and 4) student involvement. To illustrate these components, the presented results focus on one particular aspect of LABLE: namely, the study of the nocturnal boundary layer and the formation and structure of nocturnal low-level jets. During LABLE, low-level jets were frequently observed and they often interacted with mesoscale atmospheric disturbances such as frontal passages. C1 [Klein, P.; Bonin, T. A.; Newman, J. F.; Chilson, P. B.; Wainwright, C. E.; Blumberg, W. G.; Carney, M.; Jacobsen, E. P.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Chilson, P. B.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Blumberg, W. G.; Mishra, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wharton, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Newsom, R. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Klein, P (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pkklein@ou.edu RI Bonin, Timothy /C-9125-2016; Klein, Petra/G-1894-2012 OI Bonin, Timothy /0000-0001-7679-2890; Klein, Petra/0000-0003-2943-7831 FU NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory; Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0006898]; NSF Career Award ILREUM [NSF ATM 0547882]; Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma; NSF [NSF AGS 1229181]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [130180]; LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant [12-ERD-069] FX This research was supported by NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory and the Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR, Grant DE-SC0006898) program. The OU lidar was purchased using funds from the NSF Career Award ILREUM (NSF ATM 0547882) and the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma. The OU sodar was purchased using funds from the NSF (NSF AGS 1229181). The rental of the Galion DL and the loan of the WINDCUBE v2 were provided by a grant with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Project 130180). These grants also provided funding for the majority of the authors. In addition, SW was funded by an LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant (12-ERD-069). We thank Matthieu Boquet, Mehdi Machta, and the rest of the Leosphere team for generously loaning their lidar to us for this project and for their support during and after the experiment. We are also grateful for the support of the SGURR Energy team around Gareth Brown and Nick Capaldo in the setup of the Galion DL and data processing. The ARM data used in this paper were collected by the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and are available via its data archive (www archive.arm.gov). We would also like to thank the ARM SGP staff for their support during the campaign. NR 84 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1764 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00267.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU8AX UT WOS:000363764400001 ER PT J AU Montambault, JR Wongbusarakum, S Leberer, T Joseph, E Andrew, W Castro, F Nevitt, B Golbuu, Y Oldiais, NW Groves, CR Kostka, W Houk, P AF Montambault, Jensen Reitz Wongbusarakum, Supin Leberer, Trina Joseph, Eugene Andrew, Wayne Castro, Fran Nevitt, Brooke Golbuu, Yimnang Oldiais, Noelle W. Groves, Craig R. Kostka, Willy Houk, Peter TI Use of monitoring data to support conservation management and policy decisions in Micronesia SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; communications; community-based conservation; ecosystem management; Oceania ID NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS; CORAL-REEF FISHERY; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; POHNPEI; SCIENCE; KNOWLEDGE; IMPLEMENTATION; COMMONWEALTH; OCEANIA AB Adaptive management implies a continuous knowledge-based decision-making process in conservation. Yet, the coupling of scientific monitoring and management frameworks remains rare in practice because formal and informal communication pathways are lacking. We examined 4 cases in Micronesia where conservation practitioners are using new knowledge in the form of monitoring data to advance marine conservation. These cases were drawn from projects in Micronesia Challenge jurisdictions that received funding for coupled monitoring-to-management frameworks and encompassed all segments of adaptive management. Monitoring in Helen Reef, Republic of Palau, was catalyzed by coral bleaching and revealed evidence of overfishing that led to increased enforcement and outreach. In Nimpal Channel, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), monitoring the recovery of marine food resources after customary restrictions were put in place led to new, more effective enforcement approaches. Monitoring in Laolao Bay, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, was catalyzed by observable sediment loads from poor land-use practices and resulted in actions that reduced land-based threats, particularly littering and illegal burning, and revealed additional threats from overfishing. Pohnpei (FSM) began monitoring after observed declines in grouper spawning aggregations. This data led to adjusting marine conservation area boundaries and implementing market-based size class restrictions. Two themes emerged from these cases. First, in each case monitoring was conducted in a manner relevant to the social and ecological systems and integrated into the decision-making process. Second, conservation practitioners and scientists in these cases integrated culturally appropriate stakeholder engagement throughout all phases of the adaptive management cycle. More broadly, our study suggests, when describing adaptive management, providing more details on how monitoring and management activities are linked at similar spatial scales and across similar time frames can enhance the application of knowledge. C1 [Montambault, Jensen Reitz] Nature Conservancy, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wongbusarakum, Supin] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wongbusarakum, Supin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Leberer, Trina] Nature Conservancy, Hagatna, GU 96932 USA. [Joseph, Eugene] Conservat Soc Pohnpei, Kolonia, PA 96941 USA. [Andrew, Wayne] OneReef, Koror 96940, PW, Palau. [Castro, Fran] Off Governor, Div Environm Qual, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Nevitt, Brooke] Pacific Marine Resources Inst, Saipan, PA 96950 USA. [Golbuu, Yimnang; Oldiais, Noelle W.] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror 96940, PW, Palau. [Oldiais, Noelle W.] Univ Ryukyus, Grad Sch Engn & Sci, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Groves, Craig R.] Nature Conservancy, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Kostka, Willy] Micronesia Conservat Trust, Pohnpei, CA 96941 USA. [Houk, Peter] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. RP Montambault, JR (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 490 Westfield Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM jmontambault@tnc.org NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1111/cobi.12542 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CU7NW UT WOS:000363729100004 PM 26036983 ER PT J AU Lebo, ZJ Williams, CR Feingold, G Larson, VE AF Lebo, Z. J. Williams, C. R. Feingold, G. Larson, V. E. TI Parameterization of the Spatial Variability of Rain for Large-Scale Models and Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; SQUALL LINE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; PART II; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SENSITIVITY; PROFILER; SYSTEM C1 [Lebo, Z. J.; Williams, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lebo, Z. J.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, C. R.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Larson, V. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Lebo, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1000 East Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM zlebo@uwyo.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program [3RR1GSL]; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008555, DE-SC0008668] FX Authors Z. Lebo and G. Feingold thank the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program under Grant 3RR1GSL; C. Williams and V. Larson gratefully acknowledge support by the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Grants DE-SC0008555 and DE-SC0008668, respectively. We also thank Drs. Peter May and Alain Protat of BoM for providing processed CPOL data for this analysis. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 54 IS 10 BP 2027 EP 2046 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU7CV UT WOS:000363694400003 ER PT J AU Dick, RA Datta, SAK Nanda, H Fang, XY Wen, Y Barros, M Wang, YX Rein, A Vogt, VM AF Dick, Robert A. Datta, Siddhartha A. K. Nanda, Hirsh Fang, Xianyang Wen, Yi Barros, Marilia Wang, Yun-Xing Rein, Alan Vogt, Volker M. TI Hydrodynamic and Membrane Binding Properties of Purified Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag Protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PARTICLES IN-VITRO; HIV-1 GAG; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MATRIX DOMAIN; TYPE-1 GAG; MODEL MEMBRANES; ASSEMBLY DOMAIN; LIPID-MEMBRANES; P10 DOMAIN AB Previously, no retroviral Gag protein has been highly purified in milligram quantities and in a biologically relevant and active form. We have purified Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein and in parallel several truncation mutants of Gag and have studied their biophysical properties and membrane interactions in vitro. RSV Gag is unusual in that it is not naturally myristoylated. From its ability to assemble into virus-like particles in vitro, we infer that RSV Gag is biologically active. By size exclusion chromatography and small-angle X-ray scattering, Gag in solution appears extended and flexible, in contrast to previous reports on unmyristoylated HIV-1 Gag, which is compact. However, by neutron reflectometry measurements of RSV Gag bound to a supported bilayer, the protein appears to adopt a more compact, folded-over conformation. At physiological ionic strength, purified Gag binds strongly to liposomes containing acidic lipids. This interaction is stimulated by physiological levels of phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and by cholesterol. However, unlike HIV-1 Gag, RSV Gag shows no sensitivity to acyl chain saturation. In contrast with full-length RSV Gag, the purified MA domain of Gag binds to liposomes only weakly. Similarly, both an N-terminally truncated version of Gag that is missing the MA domain and a C-terminally truncated version that is missing the NC domain bind only weakly. These results imply that NC contributes to membrane interaction in vitro, either by directly contacting acidic lipids or by promoting Gag multimerization. IMPORTANCE Retroviruses like HIV assemble at and bud from the plasma membrane of cells. Assembly requires the interaction between thousands of Gag molecules to form a lattice. Previous work indicated that lattice formation at the plasma membrane is influenced by the conformation of monomeric HIV. We have extended this work to the more tractable RSV Gag. Our results show that RSV Gag is highly flexible and can adopt a folded-over conformation on a lipid bilayer, implicating both the N and C termini in membrane binding. In addition, binding of Gag to membranes is diminished when either terminal domain is truncated. RSV Gag membrane association is significantly less sensitive than HIV Gag membrane association to lipid acyl chain saturation. These findings shed light on Gag assembly and membrane binding, critical steps in the viral life cycle and an untapped target for antiretroviral drugs. C1 [Dick, Robert A.; Wen, Yi; Vogt, Volker M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Datta, Siddhartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NCI, HIV Dynam & Replicat Program, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, Xianyang; Wang, Yun-Xing] NCI, Prot Nucle Acid Interact Sect, Struct Biophys Lab, NIH, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh; Barros, Marilia] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Dick, RA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM rad82@cornell.edu; dattasi@mail.nih.gov OI Datta, Siddhartha/0000-0002-4098-7490 FU NIH [R01GM107013, RO1GM101647]; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program; U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB13H009] FX This work was supported by NIH grant R01GM107013 (to V.M.V.), NIH grant RO1GM101647 to Mathias Losche, the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, the Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program (to A.R. and Y.-X.W.), and in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce (70NANB13H009). NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 89 IS 20 BP 10371 EP 10382 DI 10.1128/JVI.01628-15 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA CU3ZG UT WOS:000363464700019 PM 26246573 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Scholler, M AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Schoeller, Markus TI Observations of Strong Magnetic Fields in Nondegenerate Stars SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Magnetic fields; Pre-main sequence stars; Main sequence stars; Post-main sequence stars ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; SLOWLY PULSATING B; SURFACE DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; LINE-PROFILE VARIATIONS; LOW-MASS STARS; AP STARS; ACTIVE STARS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; EMISSION-LINE AB We review magnetic-field measurements of nondegenerate stars across the Hertzprung-Russell diagram for main sequence, premain sequence, and postmain sequence stars. For stars with complex magnetic-field morphologies, which includes all G-M main sequence stars, the analysis of spectra obtained in polarized vs unpolarized light provides very different magnetic measurements because of the presence or absence of cancellation by oppositely directed magnetic fields within the instrument's spatial resolution. This cancellation can be severe, as indicated by the spatially averaged magnetic field of the Sun viewed as a star. These averaged fields are smaller by a factor of 1000 or more compared to spatially resolved magnetic-field strengths. We explain magnetic-field terms that characterize the fields obtained with different measurement techniques. Magnetic fields typically control the structure of stellar atmospheres in and above the photosphere, the heating rates of stellar chromospheres and coronae, mass and angular momentum loss through stellar winds, chemical peculiarity, and the emission of high energy photons, which is critically important for the evolution of protoplanetary disks and the habitability of exoplanets. Since these effects are governed by the star's magnetic energy, which is proportional to the magnetic-field strength squared and its fractional surface coverage, it is important to measure or reliably infer the true magnetic-field strength and filling factor across a stellar disk. We summarize magnetic-field measurements obtained with the different observing techniques for different types of stars and estimate the highest magnetic-field strengths. We also comment on the different field morphologies observed for stars across the H-R diagram, typically inferred from Zeeman-Doppler imaging and rotational modulation observations,. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Schoeller, Markus] European So Observ, Garching, Germany. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; mschoell@eso.org OI Schoeller, Markus/0000-0002-5379-1286 FU Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12464, GO-11616] FX We thank the referee for a careful reading of the manuscript and many useful suggestions. We thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) for their hospitality and the convenors of the ISSI workshop "The Strongest Magnetic Fields in the Universe" for organizing a stimulating workshop. JLL thanks the Space Telescope Science Institute for support of grants GO-12464 and GO-11616 to observe and analyze spectra of exoplanet host stars and premain sequence stars. NR 175 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 191 IS 1-4 BP 27 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11214-015-0143-1 PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU7MD UT WOS:000363722700003 ER PT J AU Donley, N Jaruga, P Coskun, E Dizdaroglu, M McCullough, AK Lloyd, RS AF Donley, Nathan Jaruga, Pawel Coskun, Erdem Dizdaroglu, Miral McCullough, Amanda K. Lloyd, R. Stephen TI Small Molecule Inhibitors of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-1 (OGG1) SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABASIC SITES; CANCER; PROTEIN; NEIL1; IDENTIFICATION; INFLAMMATION AB The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, which utilizes DNA glycosylases to initiate repair of specific DNA lesions, is the major pathway for the repair of DNA damage induced by oxidation, alkylation, and deamination. Early results from clinical trials suggest that inhibiting certain enzymes in the BER pathway can be a useful anticancer strategy when combined with certain DNA-damaging agents or tumor-specific genetic deficiencies. Despite this general validation of BER enzymes as drug targets, there are many enzymes that function in the BER pathway that have few, if any, specific inhibitors. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests inhibition of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) could be useful as a monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat certain types of cancer. To identify inhibitors of OGG1, a fluorescence-based screen was developed to analyze OGG1 activity in a high-throughput manner. From a primary screen of similar to 50 000 molecules, 13 inhibitors were identified, 12 of which were hydrazides or acyl hydrazones. Five inhibitors with an IC50 value of less than 1 mu M were chosen for further experimentation and verified using two additional biochemical assays. None of the five OGG1 inhibitors reduced DNA binding of OGG1 to a 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-Gua)-containing substrate, but all five inhibited Schiff base formation during OGG1-mediated catalysis. All of these inhibitors displayed a >100-fold selectivity for OGG1 relative to several other DNA glycosylases involved in repair of oxidatively damaged bases. These inhibitors represent the most potent and selective OGG1 inhibitors identified to date. C1 [Donley, Nathan; McCullough, Amanda K.; Lloyd, R. Stephen] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Coskun, Erdem; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lloyd, RS (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Oregon Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM lloydst@ohsu.edu FU Oregon Translational Research and Development Institute; National Cancer Institute [P01 CA160032]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32 ES007060]; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute FX We thank R. Allen, J. Fox, and D. Nelson at the Oregon Translational Research and Development Institute for use of their facility and for expert technical advice. We also thank A. Nilsen at the OHSU Medicinal Chemistry Core and D. Koop at the OHSU Bioanalytical Shared Resource/Pharmacokinetics Core for their chemical expertise and help in moving this project forward. Additional thanks go to C. Rizzo, Vanderbilt University, for providing the TAMRA-conjugated oligodeoxynucleotides. This work was supported by funds from the Oregon Translational Research and Development Institute, the National Cancer Institute (award no. P01 CA160032), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (award no. T32 ES007060), and the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 EI 1554-8937 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 10 IS 10 BP 2334 EP 2343 DI 10.1021/acschembio.5b00452 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CU0QZ UT WOS:000363225100018 PM 26218629 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Venkataraman, S Yang, YY Hedrick, JL AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Venkataraman, Shrinivas Yang, Yi Yan Hedrick, James L. TI Equilibrium Self-Assembly, Structure, and Dynamics of Clusters of Star-Like Micelles SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INJECTABLE HYDROGELS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; DRUG-DELIVERY; END-GROUPS; WATER; POLYCARBONATES AB Hierarchical structure and dynamics of clusters of self-assembled star-like micelles formed by oligocarbonate-fluorene end-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymers were characterized by small-angle neutron scattering and static and dynamic light scattering at concentrations below the gel point. These micelles persist in equilibrium with concentration-dependent sized hierarchical clusters. When probed at length scales within the clusters by dynamic light scattering, the clusters exhibit Zimm dynamics, reminiscent of dilute mesoscale chains. The ability to form chain-like clusters is attributed to the pi-pi stacking of the fluorene groups that drives the formation of micelles. This enables a design variable to control the rheology of injectable gels. Further, predictions of the solvent (D2O) viscosity show deviations consistent with polymers in organic solvents, stressing a need for refinement of molecular theories of polymer dynamics. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Venkataraman, Shrinivas; Yang, Yi Yan] Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Singapore 138669, Singapore. [Hedrick, James L.] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Yang, Yi Yan/C-1338-2014 OI Yang, Yi Yan/0000-0002-1871-5448 FU Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore); NIST Materials Genome Program and Jack Douglas; Guangmin Wei (NIST) FX S.V. and Y.Y.Y. acknowledge funding support from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore). V.M.P. thanks the support of the NIST Materials Genome Program and Jack Douglas, Guangmin Wei (NIST) and the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1128 EP 1133 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00507 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CU2PI UT WOS:000363365000015 ER PT J AU Park, H LeBrun, TW AF Park, Haesung LeBrun, Thomas W. TI Parametric Force Analysis for Measurement of Arbitrary Optical Forces on Particles Trapped in Air or Vacuum SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE optical trapping optical levitation; optical force measurement; transient response analysis; parametric force analysis ID TWEEZERS; POSITION; CALIBRATION; TRACKING AB We demonstrate a new method to measure arbitrary optical forces on particles trapped in gaseous or vacuum environments using the ring down of a trapped particle following electrostatic excitation of particle motion in the trap. The method is not limited to the common constraints of linear forces for small oscillations or conservative forces, allows for a wide displacement range, and measures forces directly from trajectories in near-real time. We use transient response analysis to model the nearly ideal response for small oscillations, and illustrate the more general case by demonstrating a nonlinear response to impulse excitation at a displacement where the optical force is linear. Simulations verify the applicability to nonlinear forces from a general potential, and comparison to traditional thermodynamic measures shows good agreement. Combined with in situ microscopy to measure the particle diameter, this allows for the estimation of all system parameters assuming only the manufacturer's value for the particle density. C1 [Park, Haesung; LeBrun, Thomas W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LeBrun, TW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lebrun@nist.gov RI Park, Haesung/N-7348-2015 OI Park, Haesung/0000-0001-7007-7220 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX All work performed under the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5600309 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CU3OV UT WOS:000363435600009 ER PT J AU Wafula, D White, JR Canion, A Jagoe, C Pathak, A Chauhan, A AF Wafula, Denis White, John R. Canion, Andy Jagoe, Charles Pathak, Ashish Chauhan, Ashvini TI Impacts of Long-Term Irrigation of Domestic Treated Wastewater on Soil Biogeochemistry and Bacterial Community Structure SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVERGLADES WETLAND SOILS; REDUCTASE GENES NIRK; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; UNITED-STATES; MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS; NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; DENITRIFICATION RATES; PHYLUM ACIDOBACTERIA AB Freshwater scarcity and regulations on wastewater disposal have necessitated the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for soil irrigation, which has several environmental and economic benefits. However, TWW irrigation can cause nutrient loading to the receiving environments. We assessed bacterial community structure and associated biogeochemical changes in soil plots irrigated with nitrate-rich TWW(referred to as pivots) for periods ranging from 13 to 30 years. Soil cores (0 to 40 cm) were collected in summer and winter from five irrigated pivots and three adjacently located nonirrigated plots. Total bacterial and denitrifier gene abundances were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and community structure was assessed by 454 massively parallel tag sequencing (MPTS) of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes along with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of nirK, nirS, and nosZ functional genes responsible for denitrification of the TWW-associated nitrate. Soil physicochemical analyses showed that, regardless of the seasons, pH and moisture contents (MC) were higher in the irrigated (IR) pivots than in the nonirrigated (NIR) plots; organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were higher as a function of season but not of irrigation treatment. MPTS analysis showed that TWW loading resulted in the following: (i) an increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria; (ii) a decrease in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria; (iii) shifts in the communities of acidobacterial groups, along with a shift in the nirK and nirS denitrifier guilds as shown by T-RFLP analysis. Additionally, bacterial biomass estimated by genus/group-specific real-time qPCR analyses revealed that higher numbers of total bacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and the nirS denitrifier guilds were present in the IR pivots than in the NIR plots. Identification of the nirK-containing microbiota as a proxy for the denitrifier community indicated that bacteria belonged to alphaproteobacteria from the Rhizobiaceae family within the agroecosystem studied. Multivariate statistical analyses further confirmed some of the above soil physicochemical and bacterial community structure changes as a function of long-term TWW application within this agroecosystem. C1 [Wafula, Denis; Jagoe, Charles; Pathak, Ashish; Chauhan, Ashvini] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol & Genom Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [White, John R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Wetland & Aquat Biogeochem Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Canion, Andy] Florida A&M Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Dept, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, NOAA, Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Chauhan, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol & Genom Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM ashvini.chauhan@famu.edu RI Canion, Andy/Q-2397-2015; White, John/A-7940-2008 OI Canion, Andy/0000-0003-1604-7631; White, John/0000-0002-9967-013X FU School of Graduate Studies, Florida AM University; Department of Defense (DoD) [W911NF-10-1-0146, W911NF-10-R-0006] FX We acknowledge the financial support provided by the School of Graduate Studies, Florida A&M University, and by partial funding obtained from Department of Defense (DoD) grants W911NF-10-1-0146 and W911NF-10-R-0006. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 81 IS 20 BP 7143 EP 7158 DI 10.1128/AEM.02188-15 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CU3YC UT WOS:000363461300022 PM 26253672 ER PT J AU Solomos, S Amiridis, V Zanis, P Gerasopoulos, E Sofiou, FI Herekakis, T Brioude, J Stohl, A Kahn, RA Kontoes, C AF Solomos, S. Amiridis, V. Zanis, P. Gerasopoulos, E. Sofiou, F. I. Herekakis, T. Brioude, J. Stohl, A. Kahn, R. A. Kontoes, C. TI Smoke dispersion modeling over complex terrain using high resolution meteorological data and satellite observations - The Fire Hub platform SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire smoke; Injection height; Smoke dispersion modeling; FireHub ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; INJECTION HEIGHTS; EASTERN-EUROPE; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS AB A total number of 20,212 fire hot spots were recorded by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument over Greece during the period 2002-2013. The Fire Radiative Power (FRP) of these events ranged from 10 up to 6000 MW at 1 km resolution, and many of these fire episodes resulted in long-range transport of smoke over distances up to several hundred kilometers. Three different smoke episodes over Greece are analyzed here using real time hot-spot observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) satellite instrument as well as from MODIS hot-spots. Simulations of smoke dispersion are performed with the FLEXPART-WRF model and particulate matter emissions are calculated directly from the observed FRP. The modeled smoke plumes are compared with smoke stereo-heights from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument and the sensitivities to atmospheric and modeling parameters are examined. Driving the simulations with high resolution meteorology (4 x 4 km) and using geostationary satellite data to identify the hot spots allows the description of local scale features that govern smoke dispersion. The long-range transport of smoke is found to be favored over the complex coastline environment of Greece due to the abrupt changes between land and marine planetary boundary layers (PBL) and the decoupling of smoke layers from the surface. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solomos, S.; Amiridis, V.; Sofiou, F. I.; Herekakis, T.; Kontoes, C.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. [Zanis, P.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Geol, Dept Meteorol & Climatol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Gerasopoulos, E.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Brioude, J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Solomos, S (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Athens, Greece. EM stavros@noa.gr RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Amiridis, Vassilis/G-6769-2012; Solomos, Stavros/C-4889-2014; Zanis, Prodromos/B-5598-2015; KONTOES, Charalampos (Haris)/L-5514-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Amiridis, Vassilis/0000-0002-1544-7812; Solomos, Stavros/0000-0001-9125-3334; FU European Union Seventh Framework Programme, in the framework of the project BEYOND (BEYOND Building Capacity for a Centre of Excellence for EO-based monitoring of Natural Disasters) [FP7-REGPOT-2012-2013-1, 316210] FX The publication was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-REGPOT-2012-2013-1), in the framework of the project BEYOND, under Grant Agreement No. 316210 (BEYOND Building Capacity for a Centre of Excellence for EO-based monitoring of Natural Disasters, http://ocean.space.noa.gr/BEYONDsite). MISR plume-height data were obtained with the MINX code, with MISR data obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov). http://misrjpl.nasa.gov/getDatalaccessData/MisrMinxPlumes/index.cfm. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 119 BP 348 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.066 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT8PJ UT WOS:000363078200034 ER PT J AU Djalalova, I Delle Monache, L Wilczak, J AF Djalalova, Irma Delle Monache, Luca Wilczak, James TI PM2.5 analog forecast and Kalman filter post-processing for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (vol 108, pg 76, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Djalalova, Irma] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Delle Monache, Luca] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wilczak, James] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Djalalova, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM irina.v.djalalova@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 119 BP 430 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.058 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT8PJ UT WOS:000363078200041 ER PT J AU Djalalova, I Delle Monache, L Wilczak, J AF Djalalova, Irina Delle Monache, Luca Wilczak, James TI PM2.5 analog forecast and Kalman filter post-processing for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (vol 108, pg 76, 2015) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction DE Analog forecast; CMAQ; Kalman-filtering; PM2.5 ID BIAS-CORRECTION; PREDICTIONS; OZONE AB A new post-processing method for surface particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOM) developmental air quality forecasting system using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is described. It includes three main components: A real-time quality control procedure for surface PM2.5 observations; Model post-processing at each observational site using historical forecast analogs and Kalman filtering; Spreading the forecast corrections from the observation locations to the entire gridded domain. The methodology is tested using 12 months of CMAQ forecasts of hourly PM2.5, from December 01, 2009 through November 30, 2010. The model domain covers the contiguous USA, and model data are verified against U.S. Environmental Prediction Agency AIRNow PM2.5 observations measured at 716 stations over the CMAQ domain. The model bias is found to have a strong seasonal dependency, with a large positive bias in winter and a small bias in the summer months, and also to have a strong diurnal cycle. Five different post-processing techniques are compared, including a seven-day running mean subtraction, Kalman-filtering, analogs, and combinations of analogs and Kalman filtering. The most accurate PM2.5 forecasts have been found to be produced when applying the Kalman filter correction to the analog ensemble weighted mean, referred to as KFAN. The choice of analog predictors used in the analog search is also found to have a significant effect. A monthly error analysis is computed, in each case using the remaining 11 months of the data set for the analog searches. The improvement of KFAN errors over the raw CMAQ model errors ranges from 44 to 52% for MAE and 13-30% for the correlation coefficient. Since the post-processing analysis is only done at the locations where observations are available, the spreading of post-processing correction information over nearby model grid points is necessary to make forecast contour maps. This spreading of information is accomplished with an eight-pass Barnes-type iterative objective analysis scheme. The final corrected CMAQ forecast over the entire domain is composed of the sum of the original CMAQ forecasts and the KFAN bias information interpolated over the entire domain, and is applied on an hourly basis. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Djalalova, Irina] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Delle Monache, Luca] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wilczak, James] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Djalalova, I (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Irina.V.Djalalova@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 119 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.057 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT8PJ UT WOS:000363078200042 ER PT J AU Liang, YC Yu, JY Lo, MH Wang, CZ AF Liang, Yu-Chiao Yu, Jin-Yi Lo, Min-Hui Wang, Chunzai TI The changing influence of El Nino on the Great Plains low-level jet SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CP El Nino; EP El Nino; GPLLJ ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; ENSO; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; IMPACT AB This study finds that the El Nino influences on the summer Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) are different for the Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) types during their decaying phases. While the CP El Nino induces negative sea level pressure anomalies over the Gulf of Mexico to drive anomalous northerly winds weakening the GPLLJ, the EP El Nino intensifies the GPLLJ by inducing anomalous surface air temperature gradient between the northeastern and southwestern United States. The recent emerging CP El Nino can weaken the GPLLJ to lead to a drier environment in the central United States. C1 [Liang, Yu-Chiao; Yu, Jin-Yi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lo, Min-Hui] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Yu, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jyyu@uci.edu RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; LO, MIN-HUI/0000-0002-8653-143X FU NOAA's MAPP Program [A11OAR4310102]; NSF [AGS-1233542]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA/AOML; MOST [103-2111-M-002-006] FX This research was supported by NOAA's MAPP Program (grant A11OAR4310102), NSF (grant AGS-1233542), NOAA Climate Program Office, and the base funding of NOAA/AOML. Dr Min-Hui Lo is supported by the grant of MOST 103-2111-M-002-006. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1002/asl.590 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU0JU UT WOS:000363203100014 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Buvat, I Frey, EC Green, AJ Grosev, D Lassmann, M Ljungberg, M Poli, G AF Zimmerman, B. E. Buvat, I. Frey, E. C. Green, A. J. Grosev, D. Lassmann, M. Ljungberg, M. Poli, G. TI International Multicentre Evaluation of Absolute Quantification in Planar and SPECT Imaging SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine (EANM) CY OCT 10-14, 2015 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Buvat, I.] Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, Paris, France. [Frey, E. C.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Green, A. J.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Grosev, D.] Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. [Lassmann, M.] Univ Klin Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany. [Ljungberg, M.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Poli, G.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 EI 1619-7089 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD OCT PY 2015 VL 42 SU 1 MA OP387 BP S160 EP S161 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CT7RW UT WOS:000363013201281 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Price, AB Buckel, JA AF Rudershausen, P. J. Price, A. B. Buckel, J. A. TI Can bycatch in a flatfish gillnet fishery be reduced with rectangular mesh? SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estuary; Paralichthys lethostigma; red drum; southern flounder ID NET FISHERY; CATCH AB Gillnets fished in North Carolina, USA, estuaries have high rates of bycatch relative to the target catch of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert. This study tested whether rectangular-mesh gillnets would maintain catch rates of southern flounder and reduce fish bycatch relative to conventional diamond-mesh gillnets in two North Carolina estuaries. In the Neuse River estuary, catch rates of legal southern flounder were not different between the two mesh shapes, but the bycatch of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) and other fish species was reduced with rectangular-mesh net. In the Newport River estuary, southern flounder and red drum catches were reduced in rectangular-mesh net, but the decrease was greater for red drum. Catches of sublegal southern flounder were reduced in the rectangular-mesh net in both estuaries. Reduced catch rates of sublegal southern flounder and bycatch species suggest rectangular mesh may help manage stocks of estuarine fish species in areas where gillnets are used to target flatfishes. C1 [Rudershausen, P. J.; Buckel, J. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Ecol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Price, A. B.] NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Ecol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant FRG [09-FEG-02, 11-FEG-01] FX The idea of testing rectangular-shaped gill net mesh in a flounder fishery was conceived and carried out by D. Alan Doughtie of Newport, NC. This work was funded by North Carolina Sea Grant FRG Project Numbers 09-FEG-02 and 11-FEG-01. J. Gearhart conducted constructive reviews of previous versions of this manuscript. J.H. Merrell assisted with field work and page proofing. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 22 IS 5 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1111/fme.12141 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CT8GM UT WOS:000363053000008 ER PT J AU Weeden-Wright, SL King, MP Hooten, NC Bennett, WG Sierawski, BD Schrimpf, RD Weller, RA Reed, RA Mendenhall, MH Fleetwood, DM Alles, ML Baumann, RC AF Weeden-Wright, Stephanie L. King, Michael P. Hooten, Nicholas C. Bennett, William G. Sierawski, Brian D. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Weller, Robert A. Reed, Robert A. Mendenhall, Marcus H. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Alles, Michael L. Baumann, Robert C. TI Effects of Energy-Deposition Variability on Soft Error Rate Prediction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CREME96; emerging memory; energy deposition fluctuations; energy straggling; ion stopping; Monte Carlo simulation; radiation effects; single event rate prediction; soft error rate (SER) ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; ION ENERGY; HEAVY-IONS; SINGLE; IONIZATION; PARTICLES; CRITIQUE; GEANT4; UPSETS; IMPACT AB Variability in energy deposition caused by intrinsic statistical fluctuations is quantified for specific radiation environments. Differences in effective flux are observed for minimally ionizing particles, typically leading to a decrease in predicted soft error rate, the magnitude of which depends on the threshold LET. When compared to spectra accounting for energy-deposition fluctuations, predictions with traditional LET spectra in CREME96 are found to lead to conservative estimates in almost all situations. C1 [Weeden-Wright, Stephanie L.; Sierawski, Brian D.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Weller, Robert A.; Reed, Robert A.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Alles, Michael L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. [King, Michael P.; Hooten, Nicholas C.; Bennett, William G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baumann, Robert C.] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Weeden-Wright, SL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. EM stephanie.l.wright@vanderbilt.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency basic research program; Air Force HiREV program; NASA GFSC FX This work was sponsored in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency basic research program, the Air Force HiREV program, and NASA GFSC. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 62 IS 5 BP 2181 EP 2186 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2472296 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CU0XU UT WOS:000363243200008 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, J Majurski, M Peskin, A Breen, C Bajcsy, P Brady, M AF Chalfoun, J. Majurski, M. Peskin, A. Breen, C. Bajcsy, P. Brady, M. TI Empirical gradient threshold technique for automated segmentation across image modalities and cell lines SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE EGT; empirical model; open-source; robustness; scalability; segmentation ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; TEXTURE; CYCLE AB New microscopy technologies are enabling image acquisition of terabyte-sized data sets consisting of hundreds of thousands of images. In order to retrieve and analyze the biological information in these large data sets, segmentation is needed to detect the regions containing cells or cell colonies. Our work with hundreds of large images (each 21 000x21 000 pixels) requires a segmentation method that: (1) yields high segmentation accuracy, (2) is applicable to multiple cell lines with various densities of cells and cell colonies, and several imaging modalities, (3) can process large data sets in a timely manner, (4) has a low memory footprint and (5) has a small number of user-set parameters that do not require adjustment during the segmentation of large image sets. None of the currently available segmentation methods meet all these requirements. Segmentation based on image gradient thresholding is fast and has a low memory footprint. However, existing techniques that automate the selection of the gradient image threshold do not work across image modalities, multiple cell lines, and a wide range of foreground/background densities (requirement 2) and all failed the requirement for robust parameters that do not require re-adjustment with time (requirement 5). We present a novel and empirically derived image gradient threshold selection method for separating foreground and background pixels in an image that meets all the requirements listed above. We quantify the difference between our approach and existing ones in terms of accuracy, execution speed, memory usage and number of adjustable parameters on a reference data set. This reference data set consists of 501 validation images with manually determined segmentations and image sizes ranging from 0.36 Megapixels to 850 Megapixels. It includes four different cell lines and two image modalities: phase contrast and fluorescent. Our new technique, called Empirical Gradient Threshold (EGT), is derived from this reference data set with a 10-fold cross-validation method. EGT segments cells or colonies with resulting Dice accuracy index measurements above 0.92 for all cross-validation data sets. EGT results has also been visually verified on a much larger data set that includes bright field and Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) images, 16 cell lines and 61 time-sequence data sets, for a total of 17 479 images. This method is implemented as an open-source plugin to ImageJ as well as a standalone executable that can be downloaded from the following link: https://isg.nist.gov/. C1 [Chalfoun, J.; Majurski, M.; Peskin, A.; Bajcsy, P.; Brady, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Breen, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Chalfoun, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bureau Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.chalfoun@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 260 IS 1 BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1111/jmi.12269 PG 14 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CU4UB UT WOS:000363524700008 PM 26046924 ER PT J AU Rankin, S Oswald, JN Simonis, AE Barlow, J AF Rankin, Shannon Oswald, Julie N. Simonis, Anne E. Barlow, Jay TI Vocalizations of the rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis, in the Pacific Ocean SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; IDENTIFICATION; WHISTLES; SPINNER C1 [Rankin, Shannon; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Oswald, Julie N.] Biowaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Simonis, Anne E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Rankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM shannon.rankin@noaa.gov FU U.S. Navy; Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This research could not have been accomplished without the dedicated efforts of the officers and crews of the R/V McArthur, R/V McArthur II, and the R/V David Starr Jordan. Many thanks to field scientists who made this work possible. Thank you to Stephanie Grassia for her assistance with whistle data analysis and to Marc Lammers and Michael Oswald for their extensive contributions to the ROCCA Matlab code. Funding was provided by the U.S. Navy and Southwest Fisheries Science Center. This manuscript was improved by comments from Jennifer Keating and two anonymous reviewers. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1538 EP 1548 DI 10.1111/mms.12226 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900013 ER PT J AU Pussini, N Goebel, ME AF Pussini, Nicola Goebel, Michael E. TI A safer protocol for field immobilization of leopard seals (Hydrurgaleptonyx) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LEPTONYCHOTES-WEDDELLII; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; ICE SEALS; ANESTHESIA; MIDAZOLAM; COMBINATION; ISOFLURANE; XYLAZINE; KETAMINE C1 [Pussini, Nicola] Acquario Genova Costaedutainment Spa, Ponte Spinola, Area Porto Ant, I-16128 Genoa, Italy. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Goebel, ME (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mike.goebel@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1549 EP 1558 DI 10.1111/mms.12232 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900014 ER PT J AU Ovsyanikova, E Fedutin, I Belonovich, O Burdin, A Burkanov, V Dolgova, E Filatova, O Fomin, S Hoyt, E Mamaev, E Richard, G Savenko, O Sekiguchi, K Shpak, O Sidorenko, M Titova, O AF Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina Fedutin, Ivan Belonovich, Olga Burdin, Alexander Burkanov, Vladimir Dolgova, Evgenia Filatova, Olga Fomin, Sergey Hoyt, Erich Mamaev, Evgeny Richard, Gaetan Savenko, Oksana Sekiguchi, Keiko Shpak, Olga Sidorenko, Maksim Titova, Olga TI Opportunistic sightings of the endangered North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) in Russian waters in 2003-2014 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; SOVIET CATCHES; GLACIALIS; RATES C1 [Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina] Univ Canterbury, Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. [Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina; Dolgova, Evgenia; Shpak, Olga] Marine Mammal Council, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Fedutin, Ivan; Filatova, Olga] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow, Russia. [Fedutin, Ivan] Pacific Inst Geog DVO RAS, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Belonovich, Olga] Kamchatka Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Burdin, Alexander; Burkanov, Vladimir; Fomin, Sergey] Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hoyt, Erich] WDC, Far East Russia Orca Project, Russian Cetacean Habitat Project, Chippenham SN15 1LJ, Wilts, England. [Mamaev, Evgeny] SV Marakov Commander Isl Nat & Biosphere Reserve, Nikolskoye, Commander Islan, Russia. [Richard, Gaetan] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sci & Tech, Brest, France. [Savenko, Oksana] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Sekiguchi, Keiko] Int Christian Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818585, Japan. [Shpak, Olga] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Sidorenko, Maksim] VI Ilichev Pacific Oceanol Inst, Vladivostok, Russia. [Titova, Olga] Pacific Inst Geog RAS, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. RP Ovsyanikova, E (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Gateway Antarctica, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. EM katya.ovsyanikova@gmail.com RI Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina/C-9657-2014; OI Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina/0000-0002-6893-0955; Filatova, Olga/0000-0003-1533-4807 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1559 EP 1567 DI 10.1111/mms.12243 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900015 ER PT J AU Torres-Florez, JP Olson, PA Bedrinana-Romano, L Rosenbaum, HC Ruiz, J LeDuc, R Hucke-Gaete, R AF Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo Olson, Paula A. Bedrinana-Romano, Luis Rosenbaum, Howard C. Ruiz, Jorge LeDuc, Richard Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo TI First documented migratory destination for eastern South Pacific bluewhales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHILEAN BLUE WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BIOPSY SYSTEM; MOVEMENTS; POPULATION; HEMISPHERE; CORCOVADO; INSIGHTS; OCEAN C1 [Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Ambient & Evolut, Valdivia, Chile. [Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo; Bedrinana-Romano, Luis; Ruiz, Jorge; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo] Ctr Ballena Azul, Valdivia, Chile. [Olson, Paula A.; LeDuc, Richard] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bedrinana-Romano, Luis; Ruiz, Jorge; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Valdivia, Chile. [Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Torres-Florez, JP (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Lab Biodiversidade Mol & Conservacao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM jptorresflorez@gmail.com RI Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo/G-4528-2013 OI Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-7667-1981 FU CONICYT; DID-UACH; Wildlife Conservation Society; World Wildlife Fund; Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society; Fundacion AVINA; Oregon State University; Natural Resources Defense Council; Rufford Small Grants Foundation; Whitley Fund for Nature FX We thank the staff of CBA for the fieldwork over the years. We also want to thank colleagues from the Laboratorio de Ecologia Molecular y Genomica Evolutiva at UACh, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics AMNH and SWFSC for their valuable support in the lab. This work was partially funded by CONICYT and DID-UACH doctoral grants to JPT-F. This work was funded by grants to RHG from the Wildlife Conservation Society, DID-UACH, World Wildlife Fund, Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society, Fundacion AVINA, Oregon State University, Natural Resources Defense Council, Rufford Small Grants Foundation, Whitley Fund for Nature and a gift from David and Susan Rockefeller. Genetic analyses detailed in this paper were supported by several grants to HCR. Dr. Tim Gerrodette was the chief scientist for the 1998 SWFSC survey. We thank him, the field team, and Lisa Ballance of SWFSC. This study was conducted under CITES permit No. 09US774223/9. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1580 EP 1586 DI 10.1111/mms.12239 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900017 ER PT J AU Bannister, J Findlay, K Brownell, RL Butterworth, D Cawthorn, M Donovan, G Gambell, R Kato, H Mate, B Moore, M Ohsumi, S Perrin, W Reeb, D Reeves, R Rowntree, V Shaughnessy, P AF Bannister, John Findlay, Ken Brownell, Robert L. Butterworth, Doug Cawthorn, Martin Donovan, Greg Gambell, Ray Kato, Hidehiro Mate, Bruce Moore, Michael Ohsumi, Seiji Perrin, William Reeb, Desray Reeves, Randall Rowntree, Vicky Shaughnessy, Peter TI PETER B. BEST (1939-2015) Memories SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Bannister, John] Western Australian Museum, Welshpool Dc, WA 6986, Australia. [Findlay, Ken] Univ Pretoria, Whale Unit, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Brownell, Robert L.] NOAA, Granite Canyon Res Stn, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Butterworth, Doug] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Donovan, Greg] Int Whaling Commiss, Cambridge CB24 9NP, England. [Kato, Hidehiro] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Mate, Bruce] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Moore, Michael] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ohsumi, Seiji] Inst Cetacean Res, Chuou Ku, Tokyo 1040055, Japan. [Reeb, Desray] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Off Renewable Energy Programs, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. [Reeves, Randall] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ JOP 1HO, Canada. [Rowntree, Vicky] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Shaughnessy, Peter] South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Bannister, J (reprint author), Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool Dc, WA 6986, Australia. EM bannisj@bigpond.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1594 EP 1597 DI 10.1111/mms.12277 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA CU1MB UT WOS:000363284900019 ER PT J AU Squires, D Ballance, LT Deriso, R Ianelli, J Maunder, M Schaefer, K AF Squires, Dale Ballance, Lisa T. Deriso, Rick Ianelli, James Maunder, Mark Schaefer, Kurt TI Comment on 'Scope and compatibility of measures in international fisheries agreements' by Finus and Schneider SO OXFORD ECONOMIC PAPERS-NEW SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENTS; WHALES C1 [Squires, Dale; Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Deriso, Rick; Maunder, Mark; Schaefer, Kurt] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA USA. [Ianelli, James] NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA USA. [Ianelli, James] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Dale.Squires@noaa.gov; Lisa.Ballance@noaa.gov; rderiso@iattc.com; James.Ianelli@noaa.gov; mmaunder@iattc.com; kschaefer@iattc.com FU U.S. NOAA Fisheries; Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission FX Funding was provided by U.S. NOAA Fisheries and the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission through salaries. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0030-7653 EI 1464-3812 J9 OXFORD ECON PAP JI Oxf. Econ. Pap.-New Ser. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 67 IS 4 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.1093/oep/gpv041 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA CU0EC UT WOS:000363187800002 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Laws, W Lapidus, SH Kaduk, JA AF Wong-Ng, W. Laws, W. Lapidus, S. H. Kaduk, J. A. TI Phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the CaO-1/2Sm(2)O(3)-CoOz system at 885 degrees C in air SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Phase diagram of CaO-1/2Sm(2)O(3)-CoOz; Thermoelectric oxide system; Tie-line phase relationships; Structure for (Sm1-xCax)(2)O3-z, and (Sm1+xCa1-x)CoO4-z ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; O SYSTEM; CA3CO2O6; OXIDE; DIAGRAM; PR; SR; EU; GD; ND AB The CaO-1/2Sm(2)O(3)-CoOz system prepared at 885 degrees C in air consists of two calcium cobaltate compounds, namely, the 2D thermoelectric oxide solid solution, (Ca3-xSmx)Co4O9-z (0 <= x <= 0.5) which has a misfit layered structure, and the 1D Ca3Co2O6 which consists of chains of alternating CoO6 trigonal prisms and CoO6 octahedra. Ca3Co2O6 was found to be a point compound without the substitution of Sm on the Ca site. A solid solution region of distorted perovskite, (Sm1-xCax)CoO3-z (0 <= x <= 0.22, space group Pnma) was established. The reported Sm2CoO4 phase was not observed at 885 degrees C, but a ternary Ca-doped oxide, (Sm1+xCa1-x)CoO4-z (Bmab) where 0 < x <= 0.15 was found to be stable at this temperature. In the peripheral binary systems, Sm was not present in the Ca site of CaO, while a small solid solution region was identified for(Sm1-xCax)O(3-z)O(3-z)/2 (0 <= x <= 0.075). Ten solid solution tie-line regions and six three-phase regions were determined in the CaO-1/2Sm(2)O(3)-CoOz system in air. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laws, W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lapidus, S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ICDD is thanked for the partial support through the Grants-in-Aid program. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 48 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2015.06.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA CU2IS UT WOS:000363347800007 ER PT J AU Trainor, JE Nagele, D Philips, B Scott, B AF Trainor, Joseph E. Nagele, Danielle Philips, Brenda Scott, Brittany TI Tornadoes, Social Science, and the False Alarm Effect SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; North America; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Regression analysis; Statistics ID DECISION-MAKING; DISASTER; RISK; WARNINGS; BEHAVIOR; RESIDENTS; COMMUNITY AB Despite considerable interest in the weather enterprise, there is little focused research on the false alarm effect. Within the body of research that does exist, findings are mixed. Some studies suggest that the false alarm effect is overstated, while several recent efforts have provided evidence that FAR may be a significant determinate of behavior. This effort contributes to the understanding of FAR through a sociological analysis of public perceptions and behavioral responses to tornadoes. This analysis begins by addressing public definitions of FAR and then provides two statistical models, one focused on perception of FAR and one focused on behavioral response to tornado warnings. The authors' approach incorporates a number of sociological and other social science concepts as predictors in both of these models. Findings provide a number of important insights. Most notably, it is found that 1) there is a wide degree of variation in public definitions of false alarm, 2) actual county FAR rates do not predict perception of FAR, 3) actual county FAR rates do predict behavioral response, and 4) planning and family characteristics are also influential. Another major contribution is to illustrate the significant complexity associated with analysis of false alarms. Conclusions discuss the limits of this analysis and future direction for this type of research. C1 [Trainor, Joseph E.; Nagele, Danielle] Univ Delaware, Sch Publ Policy & Adm, Disaster Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nagele, Danielle] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Philips, Brenda] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Collaborat Adapt Sensing Atmosphere, Elect & Comp Engn, Resource Econ, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Scott, Brittany] Univ Delaware, Disaster Res Ctr, Dept Sociol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Trainor, JE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Publ Policy & Adm, 166 Graham Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jtrainor@udel.edu FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF [EEC-0313747] FX This work was supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award EEC-0313747. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSF. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 333 EP 352 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-14-00052.1 PG 20 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CU1RL UT WOS:000363298900004 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Lippa, KA AF Bedner, Mary Lippa, Katrice A. TI 25-Hydroxyvitamin D isomerizes to pre-25-hydroxyvitamin D in solution: considerations for calibration in clinical measurements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Pre-25-hydroxyvitamin D; LC-MS; LC-UV; NMR; Isomerization ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; HUMAN SERUM; HUMAN-SKIN; PREVITAMIN-D3; D-3 AB Reference standards for the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2, and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 were evaluated using liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and mass spectrometric (MS) detection to assess purity. The chromatograms for solutions of all three 25(OH)D compounds, obtained using a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) stationary phase, revealed peaks that increased in area over time and had MS spectra that were nearly identical to the parent compound, indicating isomers had formed in solution that were unrelated to the reference standard purity. However, when the purity evaluations were completed with a cyanopropyl stationary phase, the isomeric products coeluted with the parent compounds and were not observable. The rates of formation of the isomeric products were found to increase when heated and were confirmed to be pre-25-hydroxyvitamin D compounds using spectral information from both MS detection and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The rates of conversion of 25(OH)D-3 to pre-25(OH)D-3 was studied in solutions of ethanol and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The solutions prepared with BSA/PBS were found to form twice as much pre-25(OH)D-3 as the solutions in ethanol. The isomerization of 25(OH)D in solution has implications for calibration of 25(OH)D in clinical measurements, which are discussed. C1 [Bedner, Mary; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 407 IS 26 BP 8079 EP 8086 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8980-z PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CT0UM UT WOS:000362512800023 PM 26359234 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Bonet, A Kaufman, G Yang, Y Wong, C Jackson, A Huyang, G Bowen, R Sun, JR AF Gonzalez-Bonet, Andres Kaufman, Gili Yang, Yin Wong, Christopher Jackson, Abigail Huyang, George Bowen, Rafael Sun, Jirun TI Preparation of Dental Resins Resistant to Enzymatic and Hydrolytic Degradation in Oral Environments SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL ESTERASE; COMPOSITE RESINS; BOND STRENGTH; HUMAN SALIVA; BISPHENOL-A; BIODEGRADATION; PERFORMANCE; ADHESIVES; PRODUCTS; BACTERIA AB The short average service life of traditional dental composite restorative materials and increasing occurrence of secondary caries adjacent to composite restorations and sealants are necessitating the development of new, longer lasting compositions. Novel monomers and their polymers, reinforcing fillers, and adhesive components are needed. The goal of this research is to develop resin systems for use in restorations, sealants, and other dental services that are superior in properties and endurance to currently used bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA) and urethane-dimethacrylate products. Ether-based monomers and their polymers that were not susceptible to enzymatic or hydrolytic degradation were prepared and characterized. They showed no degradation under hydrolytic and enzymatic challenges, whereas the hydrolysis of ester links weakened contemporary resins within 16 days under these challenges. The success of the ether-based materials is promising in making durable systems that are subjected to long-term biochemical and hydrolytic challenges in oral environments. C1 [Gonzalez-Bonet, Andres; Kaufman, Gili; Yang, Yin; Wong, Christopher; Jackson, Abigail; Huyang, George; Bowen, Rafael; Sun, Jirun] NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01DE023752]; ADA Foundation FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE023752). Financial support was also provided through the ADA Foundation. The authors would like to thank Mr. Anthony Giuseppetti, Mr. George Quinn, and Dr. Joseph Antonucci for their technical recommendations. We would like to thank Drs. Kenneth Cole and Brian Lang at Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), for their help on HPLC. We also would like to thank the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their technical support. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 10 BP 3381 EP 3388 DI 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01069 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA CT5PW UT WOS:000362863500033 PM 26358180 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Peng, PT Collins, DC Jha, B AF Liu, Yunyun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Peng, Peitao Collins, Dan C. Jha, Bhaskar TI Tropospheric biennial oscillation of summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia and its association with ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO); Summer monsoon rainfall; East Asia; ENSO; Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; VERSION 2; PART I; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; SURFACE; SYSTEM; CHINA; PRECIPITATION; ANOMALIES AB Based on observations and a set of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations, the climatic characteristics and dominant spatial patterns of summer rainfall on tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) time scales over the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region were examined, and the association with sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and El Nio-Southern Oscillation were analyzed. It was noted that to some extent, the AMIP run successfully simulated the spatial distribution and amplitude of the observed TBO component. Furthermore, the AMIP ensemble mean increased the fraction of total variance of the TBO component, suggesting that SSTAs may have a rainfall response over the EASM region on TBO time scales. The analysis also indicated that a spatial pattern of rainfall on TBO time scales with opposite variations between northern and southern China showed a consistent and robust relationship with SSTAs in the tropical Pacific Ocean in both the AMIP simulations and observations. Statistically,when an El Nio (La Nia) develops, northern China favors dry (wet) conditions and southern China favors wet (dry) conditions at TBO time scales. C1 [Liu, Yunyun] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Peng, Peitao; Collins, Dan C.; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, 46 Zhong Guan Cun South Ave, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM liuyuny@cma.gov.cn RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU National Special Science Research Project [2012CB955203]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417205]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41005037]; China Meteorological Administration R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) [GYHY201306033, GYHY201306024]; National Innovation Team of Climate Prediction of China Meteorological Administration FX This work was supported jointly by the National Special Science Research Project (2012CB955203), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB417205), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41005037), and China Meteorological Administration R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) (GYHY201306033, GYHY201306024). The lead author (Y. Liu) also thanks the support of the National Innovation Team of Climate Prediction of China Meteorological Administration. Most of this work was conducted when Liu visited the NOAA/NCEP Climate Prediction Center. The authors appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from two reviewers, which significantly improved the quality of this paper. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2429-5 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2WV UT WOS:000362667100004 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JH Johnson, DS Lindberg, MS Adams, LG AF Schmidt, Joshua H. Johnson, Devin S. Lindberg, Mark S. Adams, Layne G. TI Estimating demographic parameters using a combination of known-fate and open N-mixture models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis lupus; detection probability; Gates of the Arctic National Park; Alaska; USA; integrated model; known-fate models; mark-resight data; N-mixture models; recruitment; survival; wolves ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; MARK-RECAPTURE; COUNT DATA; SURVIVAL; TELEMETRY; DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA; MORTALITY; INFERENCE AB Accurate estimates of demographic parameters are required to infer appropriate ecological relationships and inform management actions. Known-fate data from marked individuals are commonly used to estimate survival rates, whereas N-mixture models use count data from unmarked individuals to estimate multiple demographic parameters. However, a joint approach combining the strengths of both analytical tools has not been developed. Here we develop an integrated model combining known-fate and open N-mixture models, allowing the estimation of detection probability, recruitment, and the joint estimation of survival. We demonstrate our approach through both simulations and an applied example using four years of known-fate and pack count data for wolves (Canis lupus). Simulation results indicated that the integrated model reliably recovered parameters with no evidence of bias, and survival estimates were more precise under the joint model. Results from the applied example indicated that the marked sample of wolves was biased toward individuals with higher apparent survival rates than the unmarked pack mates, suggesting that joint estimates may be more representative of the overall population. Our integrated model is a practical approach for reducing bias while increasing precision and the amount of information gained from mark-resight data sets. We provide implementations in both the BUGS language and an R package. C1 [Schmidt, Joshua H.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Dept Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Adams, Layne G.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schmidt, JH (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Network, 4175 Geist Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM Joshua_Schmidt@nps.gov FU U.S. National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program through the Central Alaska Network FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. National Park Service's Inventory and Monitoring Program through the Central Alaska Network. The findings and conclusions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the funding agencies and institutions with which the authors are affiliated, except for the U.S. Geological Survey. This report was reviewed and approved by the U.S. Geological Survey under their Fundamental Science Practices policy (http://www.usgs.gov/fsp/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 2583 EP 2589 DI 10.1890/15-0385.1.sm PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT5MD UT WOS:000362853600002 PM 26649379 ER PT J AU Westley, PAH Dittman, AH Ward, EJ Quinn, TP AF Westley, Peter A. H. Dittman, Andrew H. Ward, Eric J. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Signals of climate, conspecific density, and watershed features in patterns of homing and dispersal by Pacific salmon SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE collective behavior; Columbia River; dispersal; homing; migration; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Pacific salmon; philopatry; reaction norms; straying ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ANIMAL GROUPS; RIVER; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION; HATCHERY; IMPACTS AB It is widely assumed that rates of dispersal in animal populations are plastic in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, yet the factors influencing this plasticity are rarely known. This knowledge gap is surprising given the important role of dispersal in facilitating range shifts that may allow populations to persist in a rapidly changing global climate. We used two decades of tagging and recapture data from 19 hatchery populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) in the Columbia River, USA, to quantify the effects of regional and local climate conditions, density dependence, watershed features such as area and position on the landscape, and direct anthropogenic influence on dispersal rates by adult salmon during the breeding season. We found that the probability of dispersal, termed "straying'' in salmon, is plastic in response to multiple factors and that populations showed varied responses that were largely idiosyncratic. A regional climate index (Pacific Decadal Oscillation), water temperatures in the mainstem Columbia River that was commonly experience by populations during migration, water temperatures in local subbasins unique to each population during the breeding season, migration distance, and density dependence had the strongest effects on dispersal. Patterns of dispersal plasticity in response to commonly experienced conditions were consistent with gene by environment interactions, though we are tentative about this interpretation given the domesticated history of these populations. Overall, our results warn against attempts to predict future range shifts of migratory species without considering population-specific dispersal plasticity, and also caution against the use of few populations to infer species-level patterns. Ultimately, our results provide evidence that analyses that examine the response of dispersal to single factors may be misleading. C1 [Westley, Peter A. H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Westley, PAH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwestley@alaska.edu FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; H. Mason Keeler Professorship at the University of Washington FX This project was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the H. Mason Keeler Professorship at the University of Washington, and made possible by the massive behind-scenes efforts by individuals and organizations involved in recovery, reading, and processing of coded-wire tag data. We are deeply indebted to D. Isaak, D. Horan, D. Nagel, and J. Verhoef for their help providing subbasin and confluence junction water temperatures. The manuscript was improved from the thoughtful and constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers. Finally, we thank D. Holecek for his instrumental role in the logistics and administration of this project. Author contributions: A. H. Dittman, T. P. Quinn, and P. A. H. Westley conceived the research; P. A. H. Westley compiled the data and conducted analyses with E. J. Ward; and all authors contributed to the writing. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 96 IS 10 BP 2823 EP 2833 DI 10.1890/14-1630.1.sm PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT5MD UT WOS:000362853600025 PM 26649402 ER PT J AU Bryan, DR Luo, JG Ault, JS McClellan, DB Smith, SG Snodgrass, D Larkin, MF AF Bryan, David R. Luo, Jiangang Ault, Jerald S. McClellan, David B. Smith, Steven G. Snodgrass, Derke Larkin, Michael F. TI Transport and connectivity modeling of larval permit from an observed spawning aggregation in the Dry Tortugas, Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Trachinotus falcatus; Larval transport and fate; Drift; Recruitment; Juvenile age and growth; Population dynamics; Fishery management ID CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEM; TRACHINOTUS-FALCATUS; MARINE POPULATIONS; ECOLOGICAL-RESERVE; PROTECTED AREAS; RECRUITMENT; KEYS; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Large aggregations of adult permit (Trachinotus falcatus) were consistently observed since 2004 by divers in a collaborative fishery-independent reef fish visual census survey during May and June on the western-most edge of the Dry Tortugas Bank, Florida, in coral reef habitat, indicating proximal spawning sites. We investigated the possible fate and connectivity of larvae spawned at this location in the Dry Tortugas and two other published aggregation sites through a drift analysis using the ocean circulation and transport dynamics simulator HYCOM (Hybrid Community Ocean Model). New age-length data facilitated the determination of larval durations and rates of juvenile growth. Modeled larval transport data from spawning sites in the Dry Tortugas, Belize and Cuba were evaluated and compared to a spatially-extensive empirical juvenile permit data set from Florida. Our study revealed that unique oceanographic processes provided pathways for both downstream larval transport and juvenile retention, to and from Florida waters. These simulation results indicated that the Dry Tortugas region is a key source of permit recruits to southeast Florida stretching from the Florida Keys and up Florida's east coast, and to a much lesser extent the west Florida shelf. Simulations from Belize and Cuba spawning sites revealed high local retention with low connectivity to Florida, emphasizing the importance of local resource management throughout the permit's range. C1 [Bryan, David R.; Luo, Jiangang; Ault, Jerald S.; Smith, Steven G.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [McClellan, David B.; Snodgrass, Derke] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Larkin, Michael F.] Southeast Reg Off, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bryan, DR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dbryan@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU Dry Tortugas National Park through CESU [H5000065040-J5299-06-1017]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Robertson Foundation; Tarpon & Bonefish Research Center at the University of Miami FX We thank Natalia Zurcher and Nick Farmer for their assistance with empirical field efforts; Tracy Ziegler, Dave Hallac and Dan Kimball of NPS for coordinating research in the Dry Tortugas; Bob McMichaels of FWC for directing the Florida Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program (FIM) Program; and the numerous biologists for their herculean statewide FIM beach seining efforts. Initial funding was provided by Dry Tortugas National Park through CESU Grant No. H5000065040-J5299-06-1017 as part of an integrated science program to study the efficacy of marine reserves in the region. Additional funding was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Robertson Foundation, and the Tarpon & Bonefish Research Center at the University of Miami. This research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Miami. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD OCT PY 2015 VL 98 IS 11 SI SI BP 2263 EP 2276 DI 10.1007/s10641-015-0445-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT2WK UT WOS:000362665500012 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Holloway, JS Katich, JM McKeen, S Kort, EA Smith, ML Ryerson, TB Sweeney, C Peischl, J AF Schwarz, Joshua P. Holloway, John S. Katich, Joseph M. McKeen, Stuart Kort, Eric A. Smith, Mackenzie L. Ryerson, Thomas B. Sweeney, Colm Peischl, Jeff TI Black Carbon Emissions from the Bakken Oil and Gas Development Region SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; AIR-QUALITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; CALIBRATION AB Black carbon (BC) emission rates from the Bakken oil-producing region of North Dakota have been quantified with a NOAA airborne single-particle soot photometer (SP2). Flights in May 2014 led to six measurements of the BC emission rate in the region. Oil and gas operations (associated flaring, diesel engines associated with pumping and drilling, and oil production-related transport), limited agricultural burning, and sparse urban/transport sector activity contribute to these emissions. The BC emission rate was 1400 +/- 360 t year(-1), implying that Bakken production activities are unlikely to contribute to large-scale biases in estimates of BC emissions. An upper limit on the BC emission factor from flaring based on these observations is 0.57 +/- 0.14 g/m(-3). Flaring BC was not associated with optically significant internally mixed non-BC material or with significant emissions of non-BC-containing primary aerosol. BC in the outflow from the region was also generally externally mixed. C1 [Schwarz, Joshua P.; Holloway, John S.; Katich, Joseph M.; McKeen, Stuart; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Peischl, Jeff] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Holloway, John S.; Katich, Joseph M.; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kort, Eric A.; Smith, Mackenzie L.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; FU NOAA's ESRL Chemical Sciences and Global Monitoring Divisions; NASA Radiation Sciences and Upper Atmosphere Research Programs FX We thank the pilots and crew of the NOAA Twin-Otter for their critical role in obtaining these measurements. This research was supported by NOAA's ESRL Chemical Sciences and Global Monitoring Divisions and by NASA Radiation Sciences and Upper Atmosphere Research Programs. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00225 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CT6NW UT WOS:000362930700005 ER PT J AU Cook, RF AF Cook, Robert F. TI Multi-Scale Effects in the Strength of Ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRACK-PROPAGATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FRACTURE; GROWTH; GLASS; RESISTANCE; TOUGHNESS AB Multiple length-scale effects are demonstrated in indentation-strength measurements of a range of ceramic materials under inert and reactive conditions. Meso-scale effects associated with flaw disruption by lateral cracking at large indentation loads are shown to increase strengths above the ideal indentation response. Micro-scale effects associated with toughening by microstructural restraints at small indentation loads are shown to decrease strengths below the ideal response. A combined meso-micro-scale analysis is developed that describes ceramic inert strength behaviors over the complete indentation flaw size range. Nano-scale effects associated with chemical equilibria and crack velocity thresholds are shown to lead to invariant minimum strengths at slow applied stressing rates under reactive conditions. A combined meso-micro-nano-scale analysis is developed that describes the full range of reactive and inert strength behaviors as a function of indentation load and applied stressing rate. Applications of the multi-scale analysis are demonstrated for materials design, materials selection, toughness determination, crack velocity determination, bond rupture parameter determination, and prediction of reactive strengths. The measurements and analysis provide strong support for the existence of sharp crack tips in ceramics such that the nano-scale mechanisms of discrete bond rupture are separate from the larger scale crack driving force mechanics characterized by continuum-based stress-intensity factors. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]; PHS HHS NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 98 IS 10 BP 2933 EP 2947 DI 10.1111/jace.13814 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CT1YK UT WOS:000362599000001 PM 27563150 ER PT J AU Chen, S Flatau, M Jensen, TG Shinoda, T Schmidt, J May, P Cummings, J Liu, M Ciesielski, PE Fairall, CW Lien, RC Baranowski, DB Chi, NH de Szoeke, S Edson, J AF Chen, Sue Flatau, Maria Jensen, Tommy G. Shinoda, Toshiaki Schmidt, Jerome May, Paul Cummings, James Liu, Ming Ciesielski, Paul E. Fairall, Christopher W. Lien, Ren-Chieh Baranowski, Dariusz B. Chi, Nan-Hsun de Szoeke, Simon Edson, James TI A Study of CINDY/DYNAMO MJO Suppressed Phase SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Diurnal effects; Madden-Julian oscillation; Oscillations; Coupled models; Model evaluation; performance ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; PREDICTION SYSTEM COAMPS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; MOISTURE MODES; INDIAN-OCEAN; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION AB The diurnal variability and the environmental conditions that support the moisture resurgence of MJO events observed during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY)/DYNAMO campaign in October-December 2011 are investigated using in situ observations and the cloud-resolving fully air-ocean-wave Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Spectral density and wavelet analysis of the total precipitable water (TPW) constructed from the DYNAMO soundings and TRMM satellite precipitation reveal a deep layer of vapor resurgence during the observed Wheeler and Hendon real-time multivariate MJO index phases 5-8 (MJO suppressed phase), which include diurnal, quasi-2-, quasi-3-4-, quasi-6-8-, and quasi-16-day oscillations. A similar oscillatory pattern is found in the DYNAMO moorings sea surface temperature analysis, suggesting a tightly coupled atmosphere and ocean system during these periods. COAMPS hindcast focused on the 12-16 November 2011 event suggests that both the diurnal sea surface temperature (SST) pumping and horizontal and vertical moisture transport associated with the westward propagating mixed Rossby-Gravity (MRG) waves play an essential role in the moisture resurgence during this period. Idealized COAMPS simulations of MRG waves are used to estimate the MRG and diurnal SST contributions to the overall moisture increase. These idealized MRG sensitivity experiments showed the TPW increase varies from 9% to 13% with the largest changes occurring in the simulations that included a diurnal SST variation of 2.5 degrees C as observed. C1 [Chen, Sue; Flatau, Maria; Schmidt, Jerome; Liu, Ming] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jensen, Tommy G.; Cummings, James] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Hancock County, MS USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [May, Paul] Comp Sci Corp, Monterey, CA USA. [Ciesielski, Paul E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lien, Ren-Chieh; Chi, Nan-Hsun] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baranowski, Dariusz B.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. [de Szoeke, Simon] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Edson, James] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research [601153N]; NOAA CPO ESS program FX We thank Scot Loehrer of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for assistance in acquiring the DYNAMO data. The sounding data was provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). We appreciate Prof. James Moum for providing the Revelle CTD data. Appreciation extends to Gilbert Compo for helpful discussions on the use of wavelet analysis. Thanks go to anonymous reviewers for helpful review of the manuscript. This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 601153N and partially supported by NOAA CPO ESS program. The computing resource used for the real-time CINDY2011/DYNAMO COAMPS forecast and subsequent COAMPS MJO studies are provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3755 EP 3779 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0348.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500002 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, Robert TI Formulas for Parcel Velocity and Vorticity in a Rotating Cartesian Coordinate System SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dynamics; Vortices; Differential equations ID SIMULATED SUPERCELL; HAMILTONS PRINCIPLE; PART II; FLOW; TORNADOGENESIS; HELICITY; FLUIDS AB Formulas in an Eulerian framework are presented for the absolute velocity and vorticity of individual parcels in inviscid isentropic flow. The analysis is performed in a rectangular Cartesian rotating coordinate system. The dependent variables are the Lagrangian coordinates, initial velocities, cumulative temperature, entropy, and a potential. The formulas are obtained in two different ways. The first method is based on finding a matrix integrating factor for the Euler equations of motion and a propagator for the vector vorticity equation. The second method is a variational one. Hamilton's principle of least action is used to minimize the fluid's absolute kinetic energy minus its internal energy and potential energy subject to the Lin constraints and constraints of mass and entropy conservation. In the first method, the friction and diabatic heating terms in the governing equations are carried along in integrands so that the generalized formulas lead to Eckart's circulation theorem. Using them to derive other circulation theorems, the helicity-conservation theorem, and Cauchy's formula for the barotropic vorticity checks the formulas further.The formulas are suitable for generating diagnostic fields of barotropic and baroclinic vorticity in models if some simple auxiliary equations are added to the model and integrated stably forward in time alongside the model equations. C1 [Davies-Jones, Robert] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), Doggetts Farm, New St, Eye IP21 5JG, Suffolk, England. EM bobdj1066@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3908 EP 3922 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0015.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500010 ER PT J AU Cotto, A Gonzalez, I Willoughby, HE AF Cotto, Amaryllis Gonzalez, Israel, III Willoughby, Hugh E. TI Synthesis of Vortex Rossby Waves. Part I: Episodically Forced Waves in the Inner Waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Rainbands; Rossby waves; Fourier analysis ID HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; TROPICAL CYCLONE; SPIRAL BANDS; VERTICAL SHEAR; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATED HURRICANE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SECONDARY EYEWALL; PLANETARY-WAVES; ELENA 1985 AB Spiral cloud bands dominate tropical cyclones' appearance in satellite and radar images. It is generally accepted that at least some of them are vortex Rossby waves that propagate on the radial gradient of mean-flow-relative vorticity. This study models these features in Fourier and time domains as linear, barotropic, nondivergent waves on a maintained mean vortex scaled to resemble tropical cyclones. This formulation is the simplest one imaginable that encompasses the essential rotational dynamics.The modeled waves are episodically forced by a rotating annular train of sinusoidal vorticity sources and sinks that crudely represents eyewall convection. Substantial quiescent time intervals separate forced intervals. The waves propagate wave energy predominantly outward and converge angular momentum inward. Waves' energy is absorbed as their perturbation vorticity becomes filamented near the outer critical radii where their Doppler-shifted frequencies and radial group velocities approach zero. The waves can propagate spatially only in narrow annular waveguides because of their slow tangential phase velocity and the restricted Rossby wave frequency domain. Although radial shear of the mean flow distorts their velocity field into tightly wound spirals, their streamfunction and geopotential fields assume the form of elliptical gyres or broad trailing spirals that do not resemble observed hurricane rainbands. C1 [Cotto, Amaryllis] Natl Weather Serv, WFO, San Juan, PR USA. [Gonzalez, Israel, III; Willoughby, Hugh E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Willoughby, HE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC 5 360, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM hugh.willoughby@fiu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0454501, AGS-1211172] FX This research was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0454501 and AGS-1211172 to Florida International University. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3940 EP 3957 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0004.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500012 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, I Cotto, A Willoughby, HE AF Gonzalez, Israel, III Cotto, Amaryllis Willoughby, Hugh E. TI Synthesis of Vortex Rossby Waves. Part II: Vortex Motion and Waves in the Outer Waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Rainbands; Rossby waves; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; WATER BAROTROPIC VORTEX; SHALLOW-WATER; LINEAR MOTION; INSTABILITY; FLOW AB Beta, the meridional gradient of planetary vorticity, causes tropical cyclones to propagate poleward and westward at approximately 2 m s(-1). In a previous shallow-water linear model, the simulated vortex accelerated without limit, ostensibly because beta forced a free linear mode. In the analogous nonlinear model, wave-wave interaction limited the propagation speed. Subsequent work based upon the asymmetric balance (AB) approximation was unable to replicate the linear result.The present barotropic nondivergent model replicates the linear beta gyres as a streamfunction dipole with a uniform southeasterly ventilation flow across the vortex. The simulated storm accelerates to unphysical, but finite, speeds that are limited by vorticity filamentation. In the analogous nonlinear model, nonlinearly forced wavenumber-1 gyres have opposite phase to the linear gyres so that their ventilation flow counteracts advection by the linear gyres to limit the overall vortex speed to approximately 3 m s(-1).A bounded mean vortex with zero circulation at large radius must contain an outer annulus of anticyclonic vorticity to satisfy the circulation theorem. The resulting positive mean vorticity gradient constitutes an outer waveguide that supports downstream-propagating, very-low-frequency vortex Rossby waves. It is confined between an inner critical radius where the waves are absorbed and an outer turning point where they are reflected. Vorticity filamentation at the critical radius limits the beta-drift acceleration. The original unlimited linear acceleration stemmed from too-weak dissipation caused by second-order diffusion applied to velocity components instead of vorticity. Fourth-order diffusion and no outer waveguide in the Rankine-like vortex of the AB simulations plausibly explain the different results. C1 [Gonzalez, Israel, III; Willoughby, Hugh E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cotto, Amaryllis] Natl Weather Serv, WFO, San Juan, PR USA. RP Willoughby, HE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC 5 360, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM hugh.willoughby@fiu.edu FU NSF [ATM-0454501, AGS-1211172] FX This research was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0454501 and AGS-1211172 to Florida International University. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3958 EP 3974 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0005.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500013 ER PT J AU Suzuki, K Stephens, G Bodas-Salcedo, A Wang, MH Golaz, JC Yokohata, T Koshiro, T AF Suzuki, Kentaroh Stephens, Graeme Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Wang, Minghuai Golaz, Jean-Christophe Yokohata, Tokuta Koshiro, Tsuyoshi TI Evaluation of the Warm Rain Formation Process in Global Models with Satellite Observations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cloud microphysics; Climate models; Cloud parameterizations; Model evaluation; performance; Single column models ID CLIMATE MODEL; PART II; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUDSAT; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; MULTISENSOR; SIMULATION; GROWTH; RADAR AB This study examines the warm rain formation process over the global ocean in global climate models. Methodologies developed to analyze CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations are employed to investigate the cloud-to-precipitation process of warm clouds and are applied to the model results to examine how the models represent the process for warm stratiform clouds. Despite a limitation of the present study that compares the statistics for stratiform clouds in climate models with those from satellite observations, including both stratiform and (shallow) convective clouds, the statistics constructed with the methodologies are compared between the models and satellite observations to expose their similarities and differences. A problem common to some models is that they tend to produce rain at a faster rate than is observed. These model characteristics are further examined in the context of cloud microphysics parameterizations using a simplified one-dimensional model of warm rain formation that isolates key microphysical processes from full interactions with other processes in global climate models. The one-dimensional model equivalent statistics reproduce key characteristics of the global model statistics when corresponding autoconversion schemes are assumed in the one-dimensional model. The global model characteristics depicted by the statistics are then interpreted as reflecting behaviors of the autoconversion parameterizations adopted in the models. Comparisons of the one-dimensional model with satellite observations hint at improvements to the formulation of the parameterization scheme, thus offering a novel way of constraining key parameters in autoconversion schemes of global models. C1 [Suzuki, Kentaroh] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Stephens, Graeme] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Wang, Minghuai] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Minghuai] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Minghuai] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Yokohata, Tokuta] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Koshiro, Tsuyoshi] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Suzuki, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. EM ksuzuki@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/O-7183-2016 OI Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-2971-7446 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNN13D455T]; JAXA/EarthCARE project; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Department of Energy Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [23310014, 23340137]; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [S-10] FX Part of this study was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Aspects of this study were supported by NASA Grant NNN13D455T and JAXA/EarthCARE project. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper. K. Suzuki and A. Bodas-Salcedo would like to thank Ian Boutle at the Met Office for his guidance on microphysical process representation in HadGEM2. A. Bodas-Salcedo was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). M. Wang was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program and the Climate and Earth System Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Yokohata was supported by the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change, Grant-in-Aid 23310014 and Grant-in-Aid 23340137 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. MIROC simulations were performed by Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC and NEC SX at NIES. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3996 EP 4014 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0265.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2MY UT WOS:000362637500015 ER PT J AU Newman, SJ Wakefield, CB Williams, AJ Nicol, SJ O'Malley, JM DeMartini, EE Humphreys, RL Andrews, AH Nichols, RS Halafihi, T Kaltavara, J Taylor, BM AF Newman, Stephen J. Wakefield, Corey B. Williams, Ashley J. Nicol, Simon J. O'Malley, Joseph M. DeMartini, Edward E. Humphreys, Robert L. Andrews, Allen H. Nichols, Ryan S. Halafihi, Tuikolongahau Kaltavara, Jeremie Taylor, Brett M. TI International workshop on methodological evolution to improve estimates of life history parameters and fisheries management of data-poor deep-water snappers and groupers SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Etelis; Pristipomoides; Hyporthodus; Epinephelus; Otolith; Reproduction; Ageing protocols ID NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ETELINE SNAPPERS; KIMBERLEY COAST; AGE VALIDATION; PILBARA COAST; MORTALITY; GROWTH AB Knowledge of both the life history characteristics and catch and effort statistics of exploited deep-water fishes such as snappers and groupers is typically limited. This contributes to increased uncertainty in stock assessments and, depending on the diligence in governance, is more likely to result in either highly conservative or unsustainable management arrangements. Developments, challenges and advances in the methods for obtaining life history data for these species were discussed at a workshop in May 2015. The key points raised included nascent methods for otolith sectioning and interpretation, the need for standardised international ageing protocols and the issues and challenges in characterising reproductive maturation, including during non-spawning months due to resource limitations. Strategic research directions are identified to address knowledge gaps and thus better inform fisheries management. C1 [Newman, Stephen J.; Wakefield, Corey B.] Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Newman, Stephen J.; Wakefield, Corey B.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Williams, Ashley J.; Nicol, Simon J.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [O'Malley, Joseph M.; DeMartini, Edward E.; Humphreys, Robert L.; Andrews, Allen H.; Nichols, Ryan S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Halafihi, Tuikolongahau] Minist Agr & Food Forests & Fisheries, Nukualofa, Tonga. [Kaltavara, Jeremie] Minist Agr Livestock Forestry Fisheries & Biosecu, Vanuatu Fisheries Dept, Port Vila, Vanuatu. [Taylor, Brett M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Newman, SJ (reprint author), Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. EM Stephen.Newman@fish.wa.gov.au RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016; Newman, Stephen/C-4507-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305; Newman, Stephen/0000-0002-5324-5568 FU New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Partnerships Fund [PF 2-349] FX The Deep-water Snapper and Grouper Life History Workshop was graciously hosted by the Life History Program, Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Logistical support for this workshop was provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, Hawaii, USA), the Oceanic Fisheries Programme and Coastal Fisheries Programme (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia), the Department of Fisheries (Government of Western Australia), Curtin University (Western Australia), the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Forests and Fisheries (Kingdom of Tonga), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Partnerships Fund Project PF 2-349 (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand) and the Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity (Vanuatu). The constructive comments and suggestions provided by Dr. David Fairclough on earlier versions of this manuscript are greatly appreciated. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 60 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.013.020 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CT1CB UT WOS:000362533800020 ER PT J AU Dell'Apa, A Fullerton, A Schwing, F Brady, MM AF Dell'Apa, Andrea Fullerton, Adam Schwing, Franklin Brady, Margaret M. TI The status of marine and coastal ecosystem-based management among the network of US federal programs SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem-based management; Social network analysis; Best management practices; Cross-sectoral collaboration; Federal planning ID IMPLEMENTATION; COLLABORATION; IMPACT; OCEAN AB In the United States, management of marine and coastal resources has moved towards ecosystem-based management (EBM), which is a more systematic and integrated approach than conventional (e.g., single sector or single species) approaches. This paper summarizes the status of EBM for federal programs under the agencies of the National Ocean Council that implement or support marine and coastal EBM activities. Using social network analysis techniques, including network visualization, cohesion measures, programs degree and betweenness centrality, similarities among programs in different topic areas (e.g., type of audience, partners, training, EBM best management practices and principles) were explored. Results highlight substantial differences in perceived and effective performances across programs, with Management programs showing a higher level of integration of EBM approaches than Non-Management programs. The use of EBM best management practices and principles among programs is unbalanced, with some key elements of EBM strategies less commonly employed in the management planning. This analysis identified gaps in the implementation of EBM strategies that can inform natural resource managers and other interested parties. This paper presents the results of the analysis and discusses the implications for the implementation of EBM approaches and strategies at the federal level. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Dell'Apa, Andrea; Fullerton, Adam; Schwing, Franklin; Brady, Margaret M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dell'Apa, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM andrea.dellapa@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX We are grateful to Jason Link, Rebecca Shuford, and one anonymous reviewer who provided valuable comments to earlier versions of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to all interviewees who took the time to fill out the questionnaire and who participated in the constructive discussion of this analysis of results. The first author (A.D. A.) was supported throughout this study by the NOAA Sea Grant as part of his Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 60 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.07.011 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CT1CB UT WOS:000362533800028 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Diluvian Clustering: A Fast, Effective Algorithm for Clustering Compositional and Other Data SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Region Workshop of the European-Microbeam-Analysis-Society (EMAS) CY SEP 21-24, 2014 CL Leoben, AUSTRIA SP European Microbeam Anal Soc DE data mining; clustering; composition; EPMA; particle analysis ID SPECTRUM; TOOL AB Diluvian Clustering is an unsupervised grid-based clustering algorithm well suited to interpreting large sets of noisy compositional data. The algorithm is notable for its ability to identify clusters that are either compact or diffuse and clusters that have either a large number or a small number of members. Diluvian Clustering is fundamentally different from most algorithms previously applied to cluster compositional data in that its implementation does not depend upon a metric. The algorithm reduces in two-dimensions to a case for which there is an intuitive, real-world parallel. Furthermore, the algorithm has few tunable parameters and these parameters have intuitive interpretations. By eliminating the dependence on an explicit metric, it is possible to derive reasonable clusters with disparate variances like those in real-world compositional data sets. The algorithm is computationally efficient. While the worst case scales as O(N-2) most cases are closer to O(N) where N is the number of discrete data points. On a mid-range 2014 vintage computer, a typical 20,000 particle, 30 element data set can be clustered in a fraction of a second. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1183 DI 10.1017/S1431927615014701 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CT6VK UT WOS:000362950300012 PM 26299780 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Quantitative Electron-Excited X-Ray Microanalysis of Borides, Carbides, Nitrides, Oxides, and Fluorides with Scanning Electron Microscopy/Silicon Drift Detector Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS) and NIST DTSA-II SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Region Workshop of the European-Microbeam-Analysis-Society (EMAS) CY SEP 21-24, 2014 CL Leoben, AUSTRIA SP European Microbeam Anal Soc DE energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry; scanning electron microscopy; quantitative X-ray microanalysis; low atomic number elements AB A scanning electron microscope with a silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/SDD-EDS) was used to analyze materials containing the low atomic number elements B, C, N, O, and F achieving a high degree of accuracy. Nearly all results fell well within an uncertainty envelope of +/- 5% relative (where relative uncertainty (%)=[(measured-ideal)/ideal]x100%). Quantification was performed with the standards-based k-ratio method with matrix corrections calculated based on the Pouchou and Pichoir expression for the ionization depth distribution function, as implemented in the NIST DTSA-II EDS software platform. The analytical strategy that was followed involved collection of high count (>2.5 million counts from 100 eV to the incident beam energy) spectra measured with a conservative input count rate that restricted the deadtime to similar to 10% to minimize coincidence effects. Standards employed included pure elements and simple compounds. A 10 keV beam was employed to excite the K- and L-shell X-rays of intermediate and high atomic number elements with excitation energies above 3 keV, e.g., the Fe K-family, while a 5 keV beam was used for analyses of elements with excitation energies below 3 keV, e.g., the Mo L-family. C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1340 DI 10.1017/S1431927615014993 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CT6VK UT WOS:000362950300027 PM 26365439 ER PT J AU Penzo, E Pama, M Wang, RS Cai, HG Zheng, M Wind, SJ AF Penzo, Erika Pama, Matteo Wang, Risheng Cai, Haogang Zheng, Ming Wind, Shalom J. TI Directed Assembly of End-Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Segments SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; directed assembly; DNA assembly; multivalent binding ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GROWTH; ARRAYS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; PARTITION AB A key impediment to the implementation of a nanoelectronics technology based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWENTs) is the inability to arrange them in a manner suitable for integration into complex circuits. As a step toward addressing this problem, we explore the binding of fixed-length, end-functionalized SWCNT segments to lithographically defined nanoscale anchors, such that individual SWCNTs can be placed with control over position and orientation. Both monovalent and bivalent bindings are explored using covalent and noncovalent binding chemistries. Placement efficiency is assessed in terms of overall yield of SWCNT binding, as well as binding specificity and the degree of nonspecific binding. Placement yields as high as 93% and 79% are achieved, respectively, for covalent binding and for binding through DNA hybridization. Orientational control of the SWCNT segments is achieved with 95% and 51% efficiency for monovalent and bivalent bindings, respectively. This represents a new approach that could pave the way toward complex SWCNT devices and circuits. C1 [Penzo, Erika; Pama, Matteo; Wind, Shalom J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Wang, Risheng] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cai, Haogang] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wind, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sw2128@columbia.edu RI Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011 OI Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1117] FX The authors thank Profs. C. Nuckolls, J. Hone and M. Sheetz for resource support, as well as the staff and facilities of the Columbia University CEPSR cleanroom, where much of the fabrication work was performed. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N00014-09-1-1117. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 6547 EP 6552 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02220 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT7NZ UT WOS:000363003100039 PM 26340414 ER PT J AU Edwards, DT Faulk, JK Sanders, AW Bull, MS Walder, R LeBlanc, MA Sousa, MC Perkins, TT AF Edwards, Devin T. Faulk, Jaevyn K. Sanders, Aric W. Bull, Matthew S. Walder, Robert LeBlanc, Marc-Andre Sousa, Marcelo C. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Optimizing 1-mu s-Resolution Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy on a Commercial Atomic Force Microscope SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AFM; atomic force microscopy; protein folding; single-molecule force spectroscopy; focused-ion-beam milling; cantilever dynamics; single-molecule biophysics ID TRANSITION PATH TIMES; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; CALMODULIN MOLECULES; ENERGY LANDSCAPES; PROTEIN; CANTILEVERS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FLUORESCENCE; RESOLUTION AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is widely used to mechanically measure the folding and unfolding of proteins. However, the temporal resolution of a standard commercial cantilever is 50-1000 mu s, masking rapid transitions and short-lived intermediates. Recently, SMFS with 0.7-mu s temporal resolution was achieved using an ultrashort (L = 9 mu m) cantilever on a custom-built, high-speed AFM. By micro-machining such cantilevers with a focused ion beam, we optimized them for SMFS rather than tapping-mode imaging. To enhance usability and throughput, we detected the modified cantilevers on a commercial AFM retrofitted with a detection laser system featuring a 3-mu m circular spot size. Moreover, individual cantilevers were reused over multiple days. The improved capabilities of the modified cantilevers for SMFS were showcased by unfolding a polyprotein, a popular biophysical assay. Specifically, these cantilevers maintained a 1-mu s response time while eliminating cantilever ringing (Q congruent to 0.5). We therefore expect such cantilevers, along with the instrumentational improvements to detect them on a commercial AFM, to accelerate high-precision AFM-based SMFS studies. C1 [Edwards, Devin T.; Faulk, Jaevyn K.; Bull, Matthew S.; Walder, Robert; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edwards, Devin T.; Faulk, Jaevyn K.; Bull, Matthew S.; Walder, Robert; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LeBlanc, Marc-Andre; Sousa, Marcelo C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu RI Walder, Robert/E-9502-2010 OI Walder, Robert/0000-0002-2904-4539 FU National Research Council; NIH biophysics training grant [T32 GM065103]; National Science Foundation [DBI-135398, Phys-1125844]; NIH [R01 AI080709]; Butcher Grant; NIST FX This work was supported by a fellowship from the National Research Council (D.T.E.), an NIH biophysics training grant (M.A.L., T32 GM065103), the National Science Foundation (DBI-135398 to T.T.P.; Phys-1125844), NIH (R01 AI080709 to M.C.S.), a Butcher Grant (to T.T.P.), and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 13 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 BP 7091 EP 7098 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03166 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT7NZ UT WOS:000363003100123 PM 26421945 ER PT J AU Zhu, YJ Luo, Y AF Zhu, Yuejian Luo, Yan TI Precipitation Calibration Based on the Frequency-Matching Method SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Bias; Kalman filters; Statistical techniques; Ensembles; Forecast verification; skill; Probability forecasts; models; distribution ID OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; ENSEMBLE FORECAST; PART II; PROBABILITY; SYSTEM; PERTURBATIONS; TRANSFORM; NCEP AB A postprocessing technique is employed to correct model bias for precipitation fields in real time based on a comparison of the frequency distributions of observed and forecast precipitation amounts. Essentially, a calibration is made by defining an adjustment to the forecast value in such a way that the adjusted cumulative forecast distribution over a moving time window dynamically matches the corresponding observed distribution accumulated over a domain of interest, for example, the entire conterminous United States (CONUS), or different River Forecast Center (RFC) regions in the cases examined herein. In particular, the Kalman filter method is used to catch the flow dependence and bias information. Calibration is done on a pointwise basis for a specified domain. Using this unique technique, the calibration of precipitation forecasts for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) was implemented in May 2004. To further satisfy various users, a recent upgrade to the May 2004 implementation has been made for higher resolution with better analyses. From this study, it was found that this method has a positive impact on the intensity-dominated errors but has some common limitations with extreme events and dry bias elimination like other precipitation calibration methods. Overall, the frequency-matching algorithm substantially improves NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) and GEFS systematic precipitation forecast errors (or biases) over a wide range of forecast amounts and produces more realistic precipitation patterns. Moreover, this approach improves the deterministic forecast skills measured by most verification scores through applying this method to GFS and GEFS ensemble means. C1 [Zhu, Yuejian; Luo, Yan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Luo, Yan] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, YJ (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yuejian.zhu@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1124 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00049.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700001 ER PT J AU Kingfield, DM LaDue, JG AF Kingfield, Darrel M. LaDue, James G. TI The Relationship between Automated Low-Level Velocity Calculations from the WSR-88D and Maximum Tornado Intensity Determined from Damage Surveys SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Tornadoes; Observational techniques and algorithms; Algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Forecasting; Operational forecasting; Applications; Damage assessment ID MESOCYCLONE DETECTION ALGORITHM; DOPPLER VELOCITIES; SINGLE-DOPPLER; PART I; RADAR; SIGNATURES; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION AB The relationship between automated low-level velocity derived from WSR-88D severe storm algorithms and two groups of tornado intensity were evaluated using a 4-yr climatology of 1975 tornado events spawned from 1655 supercells and 320 quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). A comparison of peak velocity from groups of detections from the Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm and Tornado Detection Algorithm for each tornado track found overlapping distributions when discriminating between weak [rated as category 0 or 1 on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF0 and EF1)] and strong (EF2-5) events for both rotational and delta velocities. Dataset thresholding by estimated affected population lowered the range of observed velocities, particularly for weak tornadoes while retaining a greater frequency of events for strong tornadoes. Heidke skill scores for strength discrimination were dependent on algorithm, velocity parameter, population threshold, and convective mode, and varied from 0.23 and 0.66. Bootstrapping the skill scores for each algorithm showed a wide range of low-level velocities (at least 7 m s(-1) in width) providing an equivalent optimal skill at discriminating between weak and strong tornadoes. This ultimately limits identification of a single threshold for optimal strength discrimination but the results match closely with larger prior manual studies of low-level velocities. C1 [Kingfield, Darrel M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kingfield, Darrel M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [LaDue, James G.] Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Div, Norman, OK USA. RP Kingfield, DM (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 3923, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM darrel.kingfield@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX We thank Bob Lee, Rich Murnan, Jessica Schultz, and Dave Zittel from the Radar Operations Center and Kimberly Elmore from NSSL for their feedback and contributions to this research. The authors also thank Don Burgess, Rich Thompson, and one anonymous reviewer for their feedback that greatly improved the content and structure of the paper. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the NOAA, NSSL, or CIMMS. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1125 EP 1139 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00096.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700002 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Nai, K AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Nai, Kang TI Analyzing Vortex Winds in Radar-Observed Tornadic Mesocyclones for Nowcast Applications SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Variational analysis; Wind effects ID MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; SPECTRAL FORMULATIONS; VELOCITY; DETECT AB A computationally efficient method is developed to analyze the vortex wind fields of radar-observed mesocyclones. The method has the following features. (i) The analysis is performed in a nested domain over the mesocyclone area on a selected tilt of radar low-elevation scan. (ii) The background error correlation function is formulated with a desired vortex-flow dependence in the cylindrical coordinates cocentered with the mesocyclone. (iii) The square root of the background error covariance matrix is derived analytically to precondition the cost function and thus enhance the computational efficiency. Using this method, the vortex wind analysis can be performed efficiently either in a stand-alone fashion or as an additional step of targeted finescale analysis in the existing radar wind analysis system developed for nowcast applications. The effectiveness and performance of the method are demonstrated by examples of analyzed wind fields for the tornadic mesocyclones observed by operational Doppler radars in Oklahoma on 24 May 2011 and 20 May 2013. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Wei, Li; Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141410281]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers, Vincent Wood, and Travis Smith of NSSL for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper. The research was supported by ONR Grant N000141410281 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided to CIMMS by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1157 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0046.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700003 ER PT J AU Pryor, KL AF Pryor, Kenneth L. TI Progress and Developments of Downburst Prediction Applications of GOES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Downbursts; Microbursts; Severe storms; Storm environments; Satellite observations; Mesoscale forecasting ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; MICROBURST ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; DOWNDRAFT; SOUNDINGS; EVOLUTION; PRODUCTS; MESONET; DRIVEN; STORM AB The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) has developed and evaluated a suite of products that assess convective storm-generated downburst potential derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13-15 (GOES-13-15). The existing suite of downburst prediction algorithms employs the GOES sounder to calculate risk based on conceptual models of favorable environmental thermodynamic profiles for downburst occurrence. A diagnostic nowcasting product, the Microburst Windspeed Potential Index (MWPI), is designed to identify attributes of a favorable downburst environment: 1) the presence of large CAPE and 2) the presence of a surface-based or elevated mixed layer with a large temperature lapse rate. This paper provides an updated assessment of the MWPI algorithm, presents case studies demonstrating effective operational use of the MWPI product, and presents validation results for the Great Plains and mid-Atlantic coastal region of the United States. MWPI data were collected for downburst events that occurred during the convective seasons of 2007-13 and were validated against surface observations of convective wind gusts as recorded by wind sensors in high quality mesonetworks over the southern Great Plains and the Chesapeake Bay region. Favorable validation results include a correlation greater than 0.6 and low mean error [<0.1 knot (kt; where 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1))] between MWPI values and measured confirmed downburst wind speeds over contrasting climate regions of the continental United States. Case studies over the mid-Atlantic region and northern Florida highlight the adaptability of the MWPI algorithm to severe convective storm forecasting and warning operations. C1 [Pryor, Kenneth L.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pryor, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Operat Prod Dev Branch, NESDIS E RA,NCWCP, Rm 2833,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ken.pryor@noaa.gov RI Pryor, Ken/F-5620-2010 OI Pryor, Ken/0000-0002-9766-2080 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1200 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00106.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700005 ER PT J AU Hwang, YS Clark, AJ Lakshmanan, V Koch, SE AF Hwang, Yunsung Clark, Adam J. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Koch, Steven E. TI Improved Nowcasts by Blending Extrapolation and Model Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Forecast verification; skill; Forecasting techniques; Nowcasting; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID CONTINENTAL RADAR IMAGES; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; PART II; VERIFICATION; PREDICTABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; CONVECTION; OROGRAPHY AB Planning and managing commercial airplane routes to avoid thunderstorms requires very skillful and frequently updated 0-8-h forecasts of convection. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is well suited for this purpose, being initialized hourly and providing explicit forecasts of convection out to 15 h. However, because of difficulties with depicting convection at the time of model initialization and shortly thereafter (i.e., during model spinup), relatively simple extrapolation techniques, on average, perform better than the HRRR at 0-2-h lead times. Thus, recently developed nowcasting techniques blend extrapolation-based forecasts with numerical weather prediction (NWP)-based forecasts, heavily weighting the extrapolation forecasts at 0-2-h lead times and transitioning emphasis to the NWP-based forecasts at the later lead times. In this study, a new approach to applying different weights to blend extrapolation and model forecasts based on intensities and forecast times is applied and tested. An image-processing method of morphing between extrapolation and model forecasts to create nowcasts is described and the skill is compared to extrapolation forecasts and forecasts from the HRRR. The new approach is called salient cross dissolve (Sal CD), which is compared to a commonly used method called linear cross dissolve (Lin CD). Examinations of forecasts and observations of the maximum altitude of echo-top heights 18 dBZ and measurement of forecast skill using neighborhood-based methods shows that Sal CD significantly improves upon Lin CD, as well as the HRRR at 2-5-h lead times. C1 [Hwang, Yunsung; Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hwang, Yunsung; Koch, Steven E.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Clark, Adam J.; Koch, Steven E.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Climate Corp, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hwang, YS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yunsung.hwang@ou.edu FU NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) weather program, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for the authors was provided by the NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) weather program to the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The techniques described in this paper have been implemented within the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II; Lakshmanan and Smith 2007) as the tool w2morphtrack. We thank Eric P. Jacobsen for help proofreading, Jason Levit and Mark Miller for useful suggestions on the tools developed herein, and Steven Lack at the NOAA Aviation Weather Center for information on aviation forecasting needs of the FAA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1217 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0057.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700006 ER PT J AU Galarneau, TJ Hamill, TM AF Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr. Hamill, Thomas M. TI Diagnosis of Track Forecast Errors for Tropical Cyclone Rita (2005) Using GEFS Reforecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Synoptic-scale processes; Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID HURRICANE IKE 2008; PREDICTION; GUIDANCE; MODEL; GFS AB Analysis and diagnosis of the track forecasts for Tropical Cyclone (TC) Rita (2005) from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) reforecast dataset is presented. The operational numerical weather prediction guidance and GEFS reforecasts initialized at 0000 UTC 20-22 September 2005, 2-4 days prior to landfall, were all characterized by a persistent left-of-track error. The numerical guidance indicated a significant threat of landfall for the Houston, Texas, region on 24 September. The largest mass evacuation in U.S. history was ordered, with the evacuation resulting in more fatalities than TC Rita itself. TC Rita made landfall along the Texas-Louisiana coastal zone on 24 September. This study utilizes forecasts from the GEFS reforecast and a high-resolution regional reforecast. The regional reforecast was generated using the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (AHW) with the GEFS reforecasts providing the initial and boundary conditions. The results show that TC Rita's track was sensitive to errors in both the synoptic-scale flow and TC intensity. Within the GEFS reforecast ensemble, the nonrecurving members were characterized by a midlevel subtropical anticyclone that extended too far south and west over the southern United States, and an upper-level cutoff low west and anticyclone east of TC Rita that were too weak. The AHW regional reforecast ensemble further highlighted the role of intensity and steering-layer depth in TC Rita's track. While the AHW forecast was initialized with a TC that was too weak, the ensemble members that were able to intensify TC Rita more rapidly produced a better track forecast because the TCs followed a deeper steering-layer flow. C1 [Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Galarneau, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tom.galarneau.jr@gmail.com FU NOAA HFIP Award [NA12NWS4680005] FX Research support was provided by NOAA HFIP Award NA12NWS4680005. We thank George Bryan (NCAR) for his valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank Gary Bates (NOAA/ESRL) for providing technical support and Mike Fiorino (NOAA/ESRL) for generating the GEFS TC forecast tracks. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1334 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0036.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700015 ER PT J AU Tallapragada, V Kieu, C Trahan, S Zhang, Z Liu, QF Wang, WG Tong, MJ Zhang, BL Strahl, B AF Tallapragada, Vijay Kieu, Chanh Trahan, Samuel Zhang, Zhan Liu, Qingfu Wang, Weiguo Tong, Mingjing Zhang, Banglin Strahl, Brian TI Forecasting Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Basin Using the NCEP Operational HWRF: Real-Time Implementation in 2012 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE North Pacific Ocean; Tropical cyclones; Hurricanes; typhoons; Forecast verification; skill; Operational forecasting; Model evaluation; performance ID VORTEX INTERACTIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; HURRICANE SEASON; PART I; MODEL; TRACK; INTENSITY; ERRORS; INITIALIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB This study documents the recent efforts of the hurricane modeling team at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) in implementing the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) for real-time tropical cyclone (TC) forecast guidance in the western North Pacific basin (WPAC) from May to December 2012 in support of the operational forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). Evaluation of model performance for the WPAC in 2012 reveals that the model has promising skill with the 3-, 4-, and 5-day track errors being 125, 220, and 290 nautical miles (n mi; 1 n mi = 1.852 km), respectively. Intensity forecasts also show good performance, with the most significant intensity error reduction achieved during the first 24 h. Stratification of the track and intensity forecast errors based on storm initial intensity reveals that HWRF tends to underestimate storm intensity for weak storms and overestimate storm intensity for strong storms. Further analysis of the horizontal distribution of track and intensity forecast errors over the WPAC suggests that HWRF possesses a systematic negative intensity bias, slower movement, and a rightward bias in the lower latitudes. At higher latitudes near the East China Sea, HWRF shows a positive intensity bias and faster storm movement. This appears to be related to underestimation of the dominant large-scale system associated with the western Pacific subtropical high, which renders weaker steering flows in this basin. C1 [Tallapragada, Vijay; Kieu, Chanh; Trahan, Samuel; Zhang, Zhan; Liu, Qingfu; Wang, Weiguo; Tong, Mingjing; Zhang, Banglin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kieu, Chanh; Trahan, Samuel; Zhang, Zhan; Wang, Weiguo; Tong, Mingjing; Zhang, Banglin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Strahl, Brian] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Tallapragada, V (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM vijay.tallapragada@noaa.gov FU Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA FX This work was supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of NOAA. The EMC HWRF team would like to acknowledge various sources of constructive feedback and suggestions from the JTWC during the 2012 real-time WPAC experiments, which helped improve the 2012 HWRF forecast capability. We thank Lauren Carter for her assistance in carefully proofreading this manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1373 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00138.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700016 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J Rozoff, CM DeMaria, M Sampson, CR Kossin, JP Velden, CS Cione, JJ Dunion, JP Knaff, JA Zhang, JA Dostalek, JF Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Solbrig, JE AF Kaplan, John Rozoff, Christopher M. DeMaria, Mark Sampson, Charles R. Kossin, James P. Velden, Christopher S. Cione, Joseph J. Dunion, Jason P. Knaff, John A. Zhang, Jun A. Dostalek, John F. Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Lee, Thomas F. Solbrig, Jeremy E. TI Evaluating Environmental Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Predictability Utilizing Statistical Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Statistical techniques; Forecasting techniques; Model evaluation; performance ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; HURRICANE-OPAL 1995; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTENSITY CHANGE; WARM-CORE; PART II; ATLANTIC; IMPROVEMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY AB New multi-lead-time versions of three statistical probabilistic tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) prediction models are developed for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins. These are the linear-discriminant analysis-based Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme Rapid Intensification Index (SHIPS-RII), logistic regression, and Bayesian statistical RI models. Consensus RI models derived by averaging the three individual RI model probability forecasts are also generated. A verification of the cross-validated forecasts of the above RI models conducted for the 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-h lead times indicates that these models generally exhibit skill relative to climatological forecasts, with the eastern Pacific models providing somewhat more skill than the Atlantic ones and the consensus versions providing more skill than the individual models. A verification of the deterministic RI model forecasts indicates that the operational intensity guidance exhibits some limited RI predictive skill, with the National Hurricane Center (NHC) official forecasts possessing the most skill within the first 24 h and the numerical models providing somewhat more skill at longer lead times. The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) generally provides the most skillful RI forecasts of any of the conventional intensity models while the new consensus RI model shows potential for providing increased skill over the existing operational intensity guidance. Finally, newly developed versions of the deterministic rapid intensification aid guidance that employ the new probabilistic consensus RI model forecasts along with the existing operational intensity model consensus produce lower mean errors and biases than the intensity consensus model alone. C1 [Kaplan, John; Cione, Joseph J.; Dunion, Jason P.; Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rozoff, Christopher M.; Velden, Christopher S.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles R.; Hawkins, Jeffrey D.; Lee, Thomas F.; Solbrig, Jeremy E.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Dunion, Jason P.; Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Dostalek, John F.] Cooperat Inst Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.kaplan@noaa.gov RI Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; CIONE, JOSEPH/B-2973-2014; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; CIONE, JOSEPH/0000-0002-2011-887X; Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 FU NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) U.S. Weather Research Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Project; NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Proving Ground Program; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This research was funded, in part, by grants from the NOAA/Office of Atmospheric Research (OAR) U.S. Weather Research Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Project and the NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R Proving Ground Program. Financial support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is also appreciated. Evan Kalina of the University of Colorado assisted with the computations of the new inner-core dry-air predictor, while Paul Leighton of NOAA/HRD provided programming assistance during the SHIPS-RII development and verification. We thank Drs. Frank Marks (NOAA/HRD) and Chris Landsea (NOAA/NHC) and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The helpful suggestions of the JHT Project points of contact Eric Blake, Stacy Stewart, and Chris Landsea of the NHC are also appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1396 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0032.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700017 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Knaff, JA AF Sampson, Charles R. Knaff, John A. TI A Consensus Forecast for Tropical Cyclone Gale Wind Radii SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Forecast verification; skill; Forecasting techniques; Operational forecasting; Statistical forecasting ID CLIMATOLOGY AB The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has been forecasting gale force wind radii for many years, and more recently (starting in 2004) began routine postanalysis or best tracking of the maximum radial extent of gale [34 knots (kt; 1 kt = 0.514 m s(-1))] force winds in compass quadrants surrounding the tropical cyclone (wind radii). At approximately the same time, a statistical wind radii forecast, based solely on climatology and persistence, was implemented so that wind radii forecasts could be evaluated for skill. If the best-track gale radii are used as ground truth (even accounting for random errors in the analyses), the skill of the NHC forecasts appears to be improving at 2- and 3-day lead times, suggesting that the guidance has also improved. In this paper several NWP models are evaluated for their skill, an equally weighted average or consensus of the model forecasts is constructed, and finally the consensus skill is evaluated. The results are similar to what is found with tropical cyclone track and intensity in that the consensus skill is comparable to or better than that of the individual models. Furthermore, the consensus skill is high enough to be of potential use as forecast guidance or as a proxy for official gale force wind radii forecasts at the longer lead times. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N]; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at the National Hurricane Center for their diligence in 10 years of best tracking the wind radii, and also Ann Schrader and Mike Frost for helping to make that process a bit easier. We thank Andrea Schumacher and Kate Musgrave for providing comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. We also acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for funding efforts to improve tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0009.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT5JA UT WOS:000362843700018 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Ha, HK Lee, SH Kim, HC Lee, HJ Hwang, B Park, JH AF Kim, Yong Hoon Ha, Ho Kyung Lee, Sang Heon Kim, Hae-Cheol Lee, Hyun Jung Hwang, Byongjun Park, Jae-Hun TI Entrainment induced by near-inertial drift of sea ice and its impact on under-ice biogeochemical processes in marginal ice zones SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Entrainment; Near-inertial drift; Sea ice; Marginal ice zone; Arctic Ocean ID OCEANIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; STABLY STRATIFIED FLUID; SURFACE MIXED-LAYER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; PACK ICE; CANADA BASIN; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY; TURBULENT HEAT; GREENLAND SEA; DYNAMICS AB Mooring observation of hydrography, hydrodynamics and suspended particles distribution under a drifting sea ice revealed the mixing and entrainment pattern in the upper mixed layer (ML) of the marginal ice zone. The ice floe where the mooring system was installed drifted as near-inertial motion with approximately 12-h cycle. The mixing pattern induced by this near-inertial drift can be divided into two distinct regimes. First, simple entrainment (upward) fluxes from the seasonal pycnocline to sea ice-water boundary are induced by shear across ML and seasonal pycnocline during the period when ice floes drift toward pack ice. The entrainment speed was in the range of 0.25-2 m h(-1), which matches well with thickening and thinning of the ML during a near-inertial period. Turbulent wakes on the boundary between sea ice and open water occurred behind the advancing edge of ice. In the second regime, when ice floes drift toward open ocean, the turbulent wakes at the advancing edge of ice are combined with the entrainment caused by near-inertial motion, which results in a complex mixing pattern of both upward and downward fluxes in the ML The echo intensity observed by the acoustic Doppler current profiler and beam attenuation from transmissometer revealed the elevated concentration of suspended particulate materials in the ML, which can be direct evidence visualizing the mixing pattern. Results suggest that the mixing and entrainment found in our study sustain particulate matters in suspension within upper ML for a few months. This may provide a potential mechanism to sustain abundant organic particulates in the ML and upper pycnocline for months after under-ice bloom. Under strong wind events like storms, the entrainment induced by near-inertial motion may also get enhanced, which causes elevated supply of nutrients from the deeper, permanent pycnocline to the ML (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Yong Hoon] RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI 02879 USA. [Ha, Ho Kyung] Inha Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Inchon 402751, South Korea. [Lee, Sang Heon] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Busan 609735, South Korea. [Kim, Hae-Cheol] NOAA, IMSG, EMC, NCEP,NWS, College Pk, MD USA. [Lee, Hyun Jung] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon 406840, South Korea. [Hwang, Byongjun] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Park, Jae-Hun] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan 426744, South Korea. RP Ha, HK (reprint author), Inha Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM hahk@inha.ac.kr OI Park, Jae-Hun/0000-0003-0442-695X FU MOF, Korea [PM13020]; Inha University [INHA-49278]; KOPRI Polar Academic Program [PD14010]; MOF, Korea through a Grant "Development of Satellite based Ocean Carbon Flux Model for Seas around Korea" FX The authors are grateful to the enthusiastic support of the captain and crews of IBRV Araon during the ARA02B cruise. This research was a part of the project titled "K-PORT (KOPRI, PM13020)", funded by the MOF, Korea. HKH was supported by Inha University Research Grant (INHA-49278) and KOPRI Polar Academic Program (PD14010), and YHK and JHP was supported by the MOF, Korea through a Grant "Development of Satellite based Ocean Carbon Flux Model for Seas around Korea". NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 SI SI BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.05.019 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CT2CX UT WOS:000362610700003 ER PT J AU Will, A Watanuki, Y Kikuchi, DM Sato, N Ito, M Callahan, M Wynne-Edwards, K Hatch, S Elliott, K Slater, L Takahashi, A Kitaysky, A AF Will, Alexis Watanuki, Yutaka Kikuchi, Dale M. Sato, Nobuhiko Ito, Motohiro Callahan, Matt Wynne-Edwards, Katherine Hatch, Scott Elliott, Kyle Slater, Leslie Takahashi, Akinori Kitaysky, Alexander TI Feather corticosterone reveals stress associated with dietary changes in a breeding seabird SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Diet composition; foraging behavior; junk-food hypothesis; nutritional stress; rhinoceros auklet ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; PLACE FORAGING SEABIRD; JUNK-FOOD HYPOTHESIS; RHINOCEROS AUKLET; LONG-TERM; PREY TYPE; CERORHINCA-MONOCERATA; DEVELOPMENTAL STRESS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION AB Changes in climate and anthropogenic pressures might affect the composition and abundance of forage fish in the world's oceans. The junk-food hypothesis posits that dietary shifts that affect the quality (e.g., energy content) of food available to marine predators may impact their physiological state and consequently affect their fitness. Previously, we experimentally validated that deposition of the adrenocortical hormone, corticosterone, in feathers is a sensitive measure of nutritional stress in seabirds. Here, we use this method to examine how changes in diet composition and prey quality affect the nutritional status of free-living rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata). Our study sites included the following: Teuri Is. Japan, Middleton Is. central Gulf of Alaska, and St. Lazaria Is. Southeast Alaska. In 2012 and 2013, we collected bill loads delivered by parents to feed their chicks (n=758) to document dietary changes. We deployed time-depth-temperature recorders on breeding adults (n=47) to evaluate whether changes in prey coincided with changes in foraging behavior. We measured concentrations of corticosterone in fledgling (n=71) and adult breeders' (n=82) feathers to determine how birds were affected by foraging conditions. We found that seasonal changes in diet composition occurred on each colony, adults dove deeper and engaged in longer foraging bouts when capturing larger prey and that chicks had higher concentrations of corticosterone in their feathers when adults brought back smaller and/or lower energy prey. Corticosterone levels in feathers of fledglings (grown during the breeding season) and those in feathers of adult breeders (grown during the postbreeding season) were positively correlated, indicating possible carryover effects. These results suggest that seabirds might experience increased levels of nutritional stress associated with moderate dietary changes and that physiological responses to changes in prey composition should be considered when evaluating the effect of prey quality on marine predators. C1 [Will, Alexis; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Watanuki, Yutaka] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Kikuchi, Dale M.; Sato, Nobuhiko; Takahashi, Akinori] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Ito, Motohiro; Takahashi, Akinori] SOKENDAI, Dept Polar Sci, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Callahan, Matt] NOAA, Ted Stevens Res Inst, Juneau, AK USA. [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine] Univ Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Hatch, Scott] Inst Seabird Res & Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. [Elliott, Kyle] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Slater, Leslie] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Will, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 311 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM awill4@alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [GOAIERP: F4181-2]; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks FX This project was made possible primarily by the North Pacific Research Board and also by the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. North Pacific Research Board, (Grant/Award Number: 'GOAIERP: F4181-2', 'Graduate Research Fellowship') Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (Grant/Award Number: 'Summer Research Grant'). NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 5 IS 19 BP 4221 EP 4232 DI 10.1002/ece3.1694 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CT0YF UT WOS:000362523300001 PM 26664674 ER PT J AU Metcalf, AJ Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Weiner, AM AF Metcalf, A. J. Quinlan, F. Fortier, T. M. Diddams, S. A. Weiner, A. M. TI Broadly tunable, low timing jitter, high repetition rate optoelectronic comb generator SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; NOISE; PHOTONICS AB The low timing jitter properties of a tunable single-pass optoelectronic frequency comb generator is investigated. The scheme is flexible in that both the repetition rate and centre frequency can be continuously tuned. When operated with 10 GHz comb spacing, the integrated residual pulse-to-pulse timing jitter is 11.35 fs (1 Hz-10 MHz) with no feedback stabilisation. The corresponding phase noise at 1 Hz offset from the photodetected 10 GHz carrier is -100 dBc/Hz. C1 [Metcalf, A. J.; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Quinlan, F.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Opt Frequency Measurments Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Metcalf, AJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northeastern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM metcalfa@purdue.edu RI Metcalf, Andrew/B-8780-2016 OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0001-5000-1018 FU NIST, the DARPA PULSE; Naval Postgraduate School under the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship program [N00244-09-1-0068] FX This work was supported by the NIST, the DARPA PULSE project, and by the Naval Postgraduate School under grant N00244-09-1-0068 under the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship program. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. The authors thank J. Campbell for use of the high-speed photodetector. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 20 BP 1596 EP 1597 DI 10.1049/el.2015.1367 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CS6VR UT WOS:000362221600021 PM 26865734 ER PT J AU Hasan, E Khan, SI Hong, Y AF Hasan, Emad Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim Hong, Yang TI Investigation of potential sea level rise impact on the Nile Delta, Egypt using digital elevation models SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE SRTM DEM; ASTER-GDEM; Sea level rise; Climate changes; And Nile Delta Egypt ID VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT; DEM; SRTM; ZONE AB In this study, the future impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the Nile Delta region in Egypt is assessed by evaluating the elevations of two freely available Digital Elevation Models (DEMs): the SRTM and the ASTER-GDEM-V2. The SLR is a significant worldwide dilemma that has been triggered by recent climatic changes. In Egypt, the Nile Delta is projected to face SLR of 1 m by the end of the 21th century. In order to provide a more accurate assessment of the future SLR impact on Nile Delta's land and population, this study corrected the DEM's elevations by using linear regression model with ground elevations from GPS survey. The information for the land cover types and future population numbers were derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover and the Gridded Population of the Worlds (GPWv3) datasets respectively. The DEM's vertical accuracies were assessed using GPS measurements and the uncertainty analysis revealed that the SRTM-DEM has positive bias of 2.5 m, while the ASTER-GDEM-V2 showed a positive bias of 0.8 m. The future inundated land cover areas and the affected population were illustrated based on two SLR scenarios of 0.5 m and 1 m. The SRTM DEM data indicated that 1 m SLR will affect about 3900 km(2) of cropland, 1280 km(2) of vegetation, 205 km(2) of wetland, 146 km(2) of urban areas and cause more than 6 million people to lose their houses. The overall vulnerability assessment using ASTER-GDEM-V2 indicated that the influence of SLR will be intense and confined along the coastal areas. For instance, the data indicated that 1 m SLR will inundate about 580 km(2) (6 %) of the total land cover areas and approximately 887 thousand people will be relocated. Accordingly, the uncertainty analysis of the DEM's elevations revealed that the ASTER-GDEM-V2 dataset product was considered the best to determine the future impact of SLR on the Nile Delta region. C1 [Hasan, Emad; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hasan, Emad; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hasan, Emad] Damietta Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci, New Damietta 34517, Egypt. [Hasan, Emad; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Hydrometrol & Remote Sensing Lab HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Hasan, E (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Hydrometrol & Remote Sensing Lab HyDROS Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4803, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM emad.hasan@ou.edu RI Hasan, Emad/C-7928-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hasan, Emad/0000-0002-8337-0423; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research; United States of America FX The first author acknowledges the Mission sector of the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research for providing the financial support to conduct this research in the United States of America through a PhD scholarship. The Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) group and the Hydrometrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (HyDROS) research group at the University of Oklahoma for provided the research facilities for this work. We would like to thank Kayla L. Brandt for the English correction and the Manuscript editing. Thanks goes to Ms. Jenny Bailey for the manuscript proof reading and her fruitful comments that added more value to this work. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 187 IS 10 AR 649 DI 10.1007/s10661-015-4868-9 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS7SD UT WOS:000362284700044 PM 26410824 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF List, S Chawla, JS Kline, RJ AF Sunday, Daniel F. List, Scott Chawla, Jasmeet S. Kline, R. Joseph TI Determining the shape and periodicity of nanostructures using small-angle X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle X-ray scattering; periodic nanostructures ID GRATINGS; METROLOGY; SURFACE; LITHOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; COPOLYMERS; COPLANAR; FILMS AB The semiconductor industry is exploring new metrology techniques capable of meeting the future requirement to characterize three-dimensional structure where the critical dimensions are less than 10 nm. X-ray scattering techniques are one candidate owing to the sub-angstrom wavelengths which are sensitive to internal changes in electron density. Critical-dimension small-angle X-ray scattering (CDSAXS) has been shown to be capable of determining the average shape of a line grating. Here it is used to study a set of line gratings patterned via a self-aligned multiple patterning process, which resulted in a set of mirrored lines, where the individual line shapes were asymmetric. The spacing between lines was systematically varied by sub-nm shifts. The model used to simulate the scattering was developed in stages of increasing complexity in order to justify the large number of parameters included. Comparisons between the models at different stages of development demonstrate that the measurement can determine differences in line shapes within the superlattice. The shape and spacing between lines within a given set were determined to sub-nm accuracy. This demonstrates the potential for CDSAXS as a high-resolution nanostructure metrology tool. C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [List, Scott; Chawla, Jasmeet S.] Intel Corp, Components Res Div, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM r.kline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU E. I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 22 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1355 EP 1363 DI 10.1107/S1600576715013369 PN 5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CT0QA UT WOS:000362500100002 ER PT J AU Myagkov, A Seifert, P Wandinger, U Bauer-Pfundstein, M Matrosov, SY AF Myagkov, Alexander Seifert, Patric Wandinger, Ulla Bauer-Pfundstein, Matthias Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Effects of Antenna Patterns on Cloud Radar Polarimetric Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; WINTER CLOUDS; 95 GHZ; PARTICLE-SIZE; BAND RADAR; PRECIPITATION; LIDAR; SIGNATURES; SYSTEM AB This paper presents an experimental analysis of the antenna system effects on polarimetric measurements conducted with cloud radars operating in the linear depolarization ratio (LDR) mode. Amplitude and phase of the copolar and cross-polar antenna patterns are presented and utilized. The patterns of two antennas of different quality were measured at the Hungriger Wolf airport near Hohenlockstedt, Germany, during the period from 28 January to 1 February 2014. For the measurements a test transmitter mounted on a tower and the scanning 35-GHz (Ka band) cloud radar MIRA-35, manufactured by METEK GmbH and operated in the receiving mode, were used. The integrated cross-polarization ratios (ICPR) are calculated for both antennas and compared with those measured in light rain. Correction algorithms for observed LDR and the co-cross-channel correlation coefficient are presented. These algorithms are aimed at removing/mitigating polarization cross-coupling effects that depend on the quality of radar hardware. Thus, corrected LDR and are primarily influenced by scatterer properties. The corrections are based on the decomposition of the coherency matrix of the received signals into fully polarized and nonpolarized components. The correction brings LDR values and the co-cross-channel correlation coefficients from two radars with different antenna systems to a close agreement, thus effectively removing hardware-dependent biases. Uncertainties of the correction are estimated as 3 dB for LDR in the range from -30 to -10 dB. In clouds, the correction of the co-cross-channel correlation coefficient results in near-zero values for both vertically pointed radars. C1 [Myagkov, Alexander; Seifert, Patric; Wandinger, Ulla] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, Leipzig, Germany. [Bauer-Pfundstein, Matthias] METEK GmbH, Elmshorn, Germany. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Myagkov, A (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, Remote Sensing Atmospher Proc, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM myagkov@tropos.de RI Seifert, Patric/D-2448-2014 OI Seifert, Patric/0000-0002-5626-3761 FU European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [289923] FX The research leading to these results has been performed in the framework of Initial Training for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (ITaRS) and has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Agreement 289923). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1813 EP 1828 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0045.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0UX UT WOS:000362514000007 ER PT J AU Melnikov, V Zrnic, DS Burgess, DW Mansell, ER AF Melnikov, Valery Zrnic, Dusan S. Burgess, Donald W. Mansell, Edward R. TI Vertical Extent of Thunderstorm Inflows Revealed by Polarimetric Radar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOPPLER; ECHOES; CONVECTION; INSECTS AB It is shown that the dual-polarization radar parameters can be used to estimate the vertical extent of inflow regions in thunderstorms. Atmospheric biota trapped by inflows allows identification of inflow regions. It is shown that weak echoes from biota can be observed at signal-to-noise ratios as low as -7 dB. The vertical extent of inflow reached 5.2 km in the analyzed tornadic thunderstorm and 6.7 km in a severe thunderstorm. C1 [Melnikov, Valery; Burgess, Donald W.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Melnikov, Valery; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Burgess, Donald W.; Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, & NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Melnikov, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 4949, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank Dr. T. Schuur for fruitful discussions. V. M. is grateful to the members of working groups 2 and 4 of the European Network for the Radar Surveillance of Animal Movement (ENRAM) for the discussions of the findings at the meeting in July 2014. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1860 EP 1865 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0096.1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0UX UT WOS:000362514000010 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Dai, Q Gupta, M Jaafar, WZW AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika Jaafar, Wan Zurina Wan TI Stratiform/convective rain delineation for TRMM microwave imager SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Stratiform/convective rain; Precipitation type classification; Passive microwave (PMW) sensor; Satellite measurements; Precipitation radar (PR); Brightness temperature; Machine learning algorithms ID STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; RADIOMETER OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; CLASSIFICATION METHODS; PROFILING ALGORITHM; WEATHER RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION AB This article investigates the potential for using machine learning algorithms to delineate stratiform/convective (S/C) rain regimes for passive microwave imager taking calibrated brightness temperatures as only spectral parameters. The algorithms have been implemented for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) microwave imager (TMI), and calibrated as well as validated taking the Precipitation Radar (PR) S/C information as the target class variables. Two different algorithms are particularly explored for the delineation. The first one is metaheuristic adaptive boosting algorithm that includes the real, gentle, and modest versions of the AdaBoost. The second one is the classical linear discriminant analysis that includes the Fisher's and penalized versions of the linear discriminant analysis. Furthermore, prior to the development of the delineation algorithms, a feature selection analysis has been conducted for a total of 85 features, which contains the combinations of brightness temperatures from 10 GHz to 85 GHz and some derived indexes, such as scattering index, polarization corrected temperature, and polarization difference with the help of mutual information aided minimal redundancy maximal relevance criterion (mRMR). It has been found that the polarization corrected temperature at 85 GHz and the features derived from the "addition" operator associated with the 85 GHz channels have good statistical dependency to the S/C target class variables. Further, it has been shown how the mRMR feature selection technique helps to reduce the number of features without deteriorating the results when applying through the machine learning algorithms. The proposed scheme is able to delineate the S/C rain regimes with reasonable accuracy. Based on the statistical validation experience from the validation period, the Matthews correlation coefficients are in the range of similar to 0.60-0.70. Since, the proposed method does not rely on any a priori information, this makes it very suitable for other microwave sensors having similar channels to the TMI. The method could possibly benefit the constellation sensors in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission era. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Jaafar, Wan Zurina Wan] Univ Malaya, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NASA Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci Sect 329B, M-S 183-518 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tanvir.islam@jpl.nasa.gov OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, University of Malaya [FRGS-FP039-2014B] FX The research described in this publication was carried out, in part, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The TRMM data used in this effort were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). Dr. Wan Zurina Wan Jaafar is supported through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Project no: FRGS-FP039-2014B), University of Malaya. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 133 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.07.009 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2CZ UT WOS:000362610900004 ER PT J AU Weygand, JM Kivelson, MG Frey, HU Rodriguez, JV Angelopoulos, V Redmon, R Barker-Ream, J Grocott, A Amm, O AF Weygand, J. M. Kivelson, M. G. Frey, H. U. Rodriguez, J. V. Angelopoulos, V. Redmon, R. Barker-Ream, J. Grocott, A. Amm, O. TI An interpretation of spacecraft and ground based observations of multiple omega band events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Omega bands; Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; Substorms; High speed plasma sheet flows ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT SYSTEMS; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOMETER ARRAY; AURORAL STRUCTURES; RECOVERY PHASE; SUBSTORM ONSET; MORNING-SECTOR AB The source of the auroral phenomenon known as omega bands is not yet known. We examine in detail five different intervals when omega bands were observed on March 9th, 2008 between 0400 UT and 1100 UT over central Canada using both ground and space-based instrumentation. The THEMIS all sky imagers show the development of some of the omega bands from north-south streamers. Spherical elementary currents derived from ground magnetometer data indicate that the omega bands lie near the interface between the region 1 and region 2 currents in the post-midnight sector. THEMIS spacecraft data from the pre-midnight sector display multiple high speed flows and dipolarization features associated with high levels of geomagnetic activity, whereas four GOES geosynchronous spacecraft show multiple injections and dipolarization features. Magnetic field line tracing suggests that the magnetospheric location of the omega bands is at or just beyond geosynchronous orbit. We discuss in detail two potential source mechanisms for the omega bands: plasma sheet velocity shears and high speed flows in the magnetotail and relate the available data to those mechanisms. Our data and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation support high speed flows in the magnetotail as the most likely generation mechanism, although the distribution of the magnetotail spacecraft does not provide unambiguous support for our interpretation of the source mechanism. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weygand, J. M.; Kivelson, M. G.; Angelopoulos, V.; Barker-Ream, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Weygand, J. M.; Kivelson, M. G.; Angelopoulos, V.; Barker-Ream, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Frey, H. U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.; Redmon, R.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Grocott, A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Amm, O.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. RP Weygand, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jweygand@igpp.ucla.edu OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Canadian Space Agency [9F007-071429, 9F007-070993]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0827903]; NASA THEMIS Grant at UCLA [NAS5-02099]; NASA [NAS5-02099]; NSF [AGS-1004736]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NASA from UCLA [NNX12AJ55G, 2090 G QA024] FX To our regret Prof. Olaf Amm passed away during the writing of this manuscript and is included as coauthors for his invaluable help and discussion on the spherical elementary current system method and discussion related to his previous work on omega bands. The authors thank I.R. Mann, D.K. Milling and the rest of the CARISMA team for data. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The Canadian Space Agency contract numbers were 9F007-071429 and 9F007-070993. The Canadian Magnetic Observatory Network (CANMON) is maintained and operated by the Geological Survey of Canada-http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag. The Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies (MACCS) array is supported by US National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0827903 to Augsburg College. We would like to thank the following: Jurgen Matzka for calibrating the DTU magnetometers; M. J. Engebretson, D. Murr, and E.S. Steinmetz at Augsburg College; and the MACCS team. The Solar and Terrestrial Physics (STEP) magnetometer file storage is at Department of Earth and Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo and maintained by Dr. Kanji Hayashi (hayashi@grl.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp). This study was made possible by NASA THEMIS Grant NAS5-02099 at UCLA. We also acknowledge NASA Contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission. Specifically: NSF for support of GIMNAST through Grant AGS-1004736. We thank E. Donovan for use of the ASI data, and the CSA for logistical support in fielding and data retrieval from the GBO stations. The Alaska and Greenland portions of the GBO network are also supported by NSF through grant AGS-1004736. Dr. R. Redmon is supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Dr. J.V. Rodriguez is supported by NASA Grant NNX12AJ55G via Subaward 2090 G QA024 from UCLA to CIRES. We would also like to thank Dr. K.K. Khurana, Dr. R.L. McPherron, Dr. R. J. Strangeway, Dr. Emma Spanswck, Mr. E. Grimes, and Dr. R. J. Walker for their invaluable input. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 133 BP 185 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.08.014 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2CZ UT WOS:000362610900020 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Huang, BH Kumar, A Kinter, JL AF Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Kumar, Arun Kinter, James L., III TI Seasonality in Prediction Skill and Predictable Pattern of Tropical Indian Ocean SST SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Indian Ocean; Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Sea surface temperature; Forecasting; Seasonal forecasting; Tropical variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO PREDICTION; VERSION 2; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; PACIFIC CLIMATE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Seasonality of sea surface temperature (SST) predictions in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) was investigated using hindcasts (1982-2009) made with the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). CFSv2 produced useful predictions of the TIO SST with lead times up to several months. A substantial component of this skill was attributable to signals other than the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The prediction skill of the IOD index, defined as the difference between the SST anomaly (SSTA) averaged over 10 degrees S-0 degrees, 90 degrees-110 degrees E and 10 degrees S-10 degrees N, 50 degrees-70 degrees E, had strong seasonality, with high scores in the boreal autumn. In spite of skill in predicting its two poles with longer leads, CFSv2 did not have skill significantly better than persistence in predicting IOD. This was partly because the seasonal nature of IOD intrinsically limits its predictability. The seasonality of the predictable patterns of the TIO SST was further explored by applying the maximum signal-to-noise (MSN) empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method to the predicted SSTA in March and October, respectively. The most predictable pattern in spring was the TIO basin warming, which is closely associated with El Nino. The basin mode, including its associated atmospheric anomalies, can be predicted at least 9 months ahead, even though some biases were evident. On the other hand, the most predictable pattern in fall was characterized by the IOD mode. This mode and its associated atmospheric variations can be skillfully predicted only 1-2 seasons ahead. Statistically, the predictable IOD mode coexists with El Nino; however, the 1994 event in a non-ENSO year (at least not a canonical ENSO year) can also be predicted at least 3 months ahead by CFSv2. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jieshun.zhu@noaa.gov OI Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Funding for this study is provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 20 BP 7962 EP 7984 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0067.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2VF UT WOS:000362661800004 ER PT J AU Baxter, S Nigam, S AF Baxter, Stephen Nigam, Sumant TI Key Role of the North Pacific Oscillation-West Pacific Pattern in Generating the Extreme 2013/14 North American Winter SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; ENSO; Teleconnections; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Principal components analysis; Variability; Climate variability; North Atlantic Oscillation; North Pacific Oscillation ID HEMISPHERE WINTER; TELECONNECTIONS; CLIMATE AB The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013-February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnectiontogether, the NPO-WPexhibited extreme and persistent amplitude in this winter. Reconstruction of the 850-hPa temperature, 200-hPa geopotential height, and precipitation reveals that the NPO-WP was the leading contributor to the winter climate anomaly over large swaths of North America. This analysis, furthermore, indicates that NPO-WP variability explains the most variance of monthly winter temperature over central-eastern North America since, at least, 1979. Analysis of the NPO-WP related thermal advection provides physical insight on the generation of the cold temperature anomalies over North America. Although NPO-WP's origin and development remain to be elucidated, its concurrent links to tropical SSTs are tenuous. These findings suggest that notable winter climate anomalies in the Pacific-North American sector need not originate, directly, from the tropics. More broadly, the attribution of the severe 2013/14 winter to the flexing of an extratropical variability pattern is cautionary given the propensity to implicate the tropics, following several decades of focus on El Nino-Southern Oscillation and its regional and far-field impacts. C1 [Baxter, Stephen] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Nigam, Sumant] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nigam, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 3419 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nigam@umd.edu FU NSF [AGS1439940] FX This analysis was undertaken during doctoral studies of the first author, who thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for supporting his doctoral pursuit. Sumant Nigam gratefully acknowledges support of NSF Grant AGS1439940. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 20 BP 8109 EP 8117 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00726.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2VF UT WOS:000362661800013 ER PT J AU Klibansky, N Scharf, FS AF Klibansky, N. Scharf, F. S. TI Success and failure assessing gonad maturity in sequentially hermaphroditic fishes: comparisons between macroscopic and microscopic methods SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centropristis striata; histology; Pagrus pagrus; protogynous; reproduction; staging ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BLACK-SEA BASS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PAGRUS-PAGRUS; LIFE-HISTORY; RED PORGY; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS AB For two protogynous hermaphrodite fish species, the performance of visual gonad analysis techniques was evaluated to determine when the use of macroscopic methods was sufficient and when microscopic techniques were necessary. Simple macroscopic gonad analysis was found to be a powerful tool for distinguishing sex and whether or not females were spawning capable or ripe for black sea bass Centropristis striata (n=1443) and red porgy Pagrus pagrus (n=980), often producing results that were in close agreement with more complex and expensive microscopic techniques. Estimates of key reproductive variables, such as size-dependent sex-change ogives, spawning season duration, spawning fraction and batch number, were also very similar or equal between methods. Apparent seasonal spawning activity was also predicted similarly by each method and the patterns were highly correlated with seasonal patterns in gonado-somatic indices. In contrast, distinguishing between immature females and those that were mature, but inactive, proved difficult when using macroscopic methods and, in these cases, predictions often differed from those produced microscopically. In turn, maturity ogives differed significantly between methods for C. striata (maturity ogives could not be generated for P. pagrus as nearly all fish encountered were mature). Agreement rates among male phases were also very low. Macroscopic methods were able to identify signs of sex transition in very advanced specimens, but early signs were only evident microscopically. While much more detail is visible microscopically, here several population-scale parameters important for fisheries management were estimated equally well with the unaided eye for C. striata and P. pagrus. For comprehensive, fishery-independent surveys and long-term research programmes in particular, determining when microscopic techniques are and are not necessary can greatly improve efficiency and reduce costs without compromising data quality. C1 [Klibansky, N.; Scharf, F. S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Klibansky, N (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM nikolaifish@gmail.com FU NOAA Cooperative Research Programme; Partnership for Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Science; Got-Em-On Live Bait Club; UNCW FX The authors would like to thank S. Baker, S. Borrett, M. McCartney, K. Shertzer and D. Wyanski for helping develop this project; A. Ash, T. Burgess and K. Fex for facilitating field work; J. Facendola, L. Klibansky, Scharf Lab volunteers and especially J. Vanderfleet for assistance with field and laboratory work; K. Kolmos, B. Roumillat, D. Wyanski and the staff of SCDNR for production of high quality slides and expert guidance with histology, the JFB editorial staff and four anonymous reviewers who helped to clarify the presentation of ideas. This research was supported by the NOAA Cooperative Research Programme, the Partnership for Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Science, a fellowship from the Got-Em-On Live Bait Club (to N.K.), and UNCW. NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 87 IS 4 BP 930 EP 957 DI 10.1111/jfb.12765 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CT0AA UT WOS:000362454800008 PM 26358239 ER PT J AU Walsh, ML Fairchild, EA Rennels, N Howell, WH Mercaldo-Allen, R Kuropat, C AF Walsh, Michelle L. Fairchild, Elizabeth A. Rennels, Nathan Howell, W. Huntting Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Kuropat, Catherine TI The Effects of Live and Artificial Diets on Feeding Performance of Cultured Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, in the Wild: Survival, Feeding, Growth, and Nucleic Acid Analyses SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REARED JAPANESE FLOUNDER; ASSESS HABITAT QUALITY; TAUTOG TAUTOGA-ONITIS; RNA-DNA RATIO; PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; JUVENILES; HATCHERY; WALBAUM; LARVAE AB This research, which is part of a larger study designed to assess the feasibility of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, stock enhancement in New Hampshire, identifies hatchery feeds that optimize feeding-related performance of fish once released in the wild. Fish reared on post-nauplii of brine shrimp, Artemia sp., white worms, Enchytraeus albidus, common burrower amphipods, Leptocheirus plumulosus, and formulated pellets were evaluated post-release from in situ cages using survival, growth rate, feeding onset and incidence, stomach fullness, diet composition, and nucleic acid-based condition as indicators of hatchery diet suitability. Amphipod-reared fish had the highest mean stomach content index of all feed types, including wild fish. Wild and worm-reared fish exhibited the most similar survival, overall stomach fullness, and diet composition profiles over time. Amphipod-reared fish ranked highest in overall performance; however, if wild fish performance is viewed as the ideal for a stocked fish, worm-reared fish performed optimally. This study describes hatchery feeding strategies that may ease the transition of flatfish released into the wild for stock enhancement. C1 [Walsh, Michelle L.; Fairchild, Elizabeth A.; Rennels, Nathan; Howell, W. Huntting] Univ New Hampshire, Spaulding Life Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Kuropat, Catherine] NOAA, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Walsh, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Spaulding Life Sci, Dept Biol Sci, 38 Acad Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM michelle.lynn.walsh@gmail.com OI Walsh, Michelle/0000-0001-6641-2225 FU Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment [NA09NMF4720417, NA04NMF4720434]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Milford Laboratory; Zoology Program; Marine Program; College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of UNH FX This project was primarily funded by the Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (awards NA09NMF4720417 and NA04NMF4720434) sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Additional funding was provided by the NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory, and the Zoology Program, Marine Program, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, and the Graduate School of UNH. We are ever grateful for the assistance of professors, students, and staff at UNH including C. Brooks, W. Bubley, S. Farina, T. Ford, K. Garabedian, G. Howarth, B. Legare, K. Robertson, L. Siceloff, M. Walsh, and the laboratories and equipment of J. Haney and L. Harris. Additional field assistance from J. Boston, N. Skitch, and C. Strait and sample transport by R. Goldberg were greatly appreciated. S. Sinitski, N. Sinitski, and M. Rosenqvist at Aquatic Research Organism, Inc. provided invaluable mentorship and advice on culturing live feeds. Thanks to Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System Wide Monitoring Program and the UNH DataSonde Program for supplying water quality data of Portsmouth Harbor. Manuscript comments and suggestions from R. C. Chambers, W. Watson, Y. Yamashita, and two anonymous reviewers were vital to the quality of this work. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-8849 EI 1749-7345 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 46 IS 5 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1111/jwas.12210 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA CS9TR UT WOS:000362435500001 ER PT J AU Ceriani, SA Roth, JD Tucker, AD Evans, DR Addison, DS Sasso, CR Ehrhart, LM Weishampel, JF AF Ceriani, Simona A. Roth, James D. Tucker, Anton D. Evans, Daniel R. Addison, David S. Sasso, Christopher R. Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. Weishampel, John F. TI Carry-over effects and foraging ground dynamics of a major loggerhead breeding aggregation SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE TRACKING; MELBOURNE BEACH; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; POPULATION; FLORIDA; DICHOTOMY AB Migratory animals spend different periods of their lives in widely separated and ecologically different locations; their experiences from one activity/period/site (e.g., foraging) can dramatically affect their success during another (e.g., breeding). Carry-over effects reflect the influence of foraging quality on reproductive behaviors of migratory species, such as nesting loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), which vary greatly in body size and reproductive parameters. We investigated carry-over effects on 330 loggerheads nesting at the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (Melbourne Beach, Florida), one of the largest aggregations in the Western Hemisphere, using telemetry, stable isotope analysis and reproductive parameters. We assigned foraging locations used during the non-breeding period with discriminant function analysis and determined the relative contributions to different foraging regions from 2007 to 2012. Foraging regions significantly influenced female body size and fecundity. Loggerheads foraging southeast of the nesting beach in the vicinity of the Bahamas and Florida Keys laid larger clutches and had a shorter breeding frequency. On average, 47 % (+/- 3 % SE) of the females foraged year-round in this area, while 33 % (+/- 4 % SE) resided on the Southwest Florida continental shelf south of Tampa Bay and 18 % (+/- 2 % SE) undertook seasonal migrations and foraged north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Relative contributions to the foraging areas did not change over the 6-year period. The northern foraging area consistently contributed the fewest females despite being the most productive oceanographic region suggesting a trade-off between foraging area productivity and distance to the nesting beach. We reaffirm that the isotopic approach can be used to interpret trends in abundance at nesting beaches and demographic parameters affecting those trends. Understanding geospatial linkages and relative importance of foraging areas is critical to fostering appropriate management and conservation strategies for migratory species. C1 [Ceriani, Simona A.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.; Weishampel, John F.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Roth, James D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Evans, Daniel R.] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Sasso, Christopher R.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ceriani, SA (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Simona.Ceriani@myfwc.com RI Roth, James/N-4178-2016 FU Sea Turtle Grants Program [09-055R, 10-020R, 10-023R, 11-021R]; Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX We thank B. Sharma, R. Woods, A. Hays, A. Sterner, C. Sanchez, C. Long, F. Gusmao, R. Chabot, C. Amato, K. Cope, T. Williamson, D. Bagley and forty undergraduate students for their help with sample collection at the ACNWR and assistance with laboratory work. We thank A. Savage, the staff and volunteers of the Sea Turtle Conservancy, the Brevard County Barrier Island Center, the Disney's Vero Beach Resort, the Conservancy of Southwest Florida staff, the Mote Marine Laboratory staff, C. Johnson and K. Martin for assistance with satellite deployment and sampling on nesting beaches. We thank G. Worthy and the PEBL laboratory for providing laboratory access and advice, P.F. Quintana-Ascencio, L. Walters, E. Valdes, J. Fauth, A. Foley, A. Chester, J. Bohnsack, B. Wallace and two anonymous reviewers for advice and suggestions that significantly improved this manuscript. We thank the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge Managers and in particular K. Kneifl for supporting our research. SAC thanks B. Shamblin for sharing samples, E. Goddard for assistance with stable isotope analysis, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for allowing the work to be completed at the Institute and B. Brost. The animal use protocol for this research was reviewed and approved by the University of Central Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC protocols #09-22W and #12-22W). Procedures were approved under the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (Marine Turtle Permit #025). This work was supported by several grants awarded from the Sea Turtle Grants Program (09-055R, 10-020R, 10-023R, 11-021R). The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate. Learn more at www.helping-seaturtles.org. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP 1955 EP 1968 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2721-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8FS UT WOS:000362322200003 ER PT J AU Wedemeyer-Strombel, KR Balazs, GH Johnson, JB Peterson, TD Wicksten, MK Plotkin, PT AF Wedemeyer-Strombel, Kathryn R. Balazs, George H. Johnson, James B. Peterson, Taylor D. Wicksten, Mary K. Plotkin, Pamela T. TI High frequency of occurrence of anthropogenic debris ingestion by sea turtles in the North Pacific Ocean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; MARINE DEBRIS; CARETTA-CARETTA; PLASTIC DEBRIS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; PELAGIC HABITAT AB Ingestion of anthropogenic debris can have deleterious effects on sea turtles. To study diet content of sea turtles, four species were opportunistically collected as deceased bycatch over 18 years (1993-2011) from pelagic longline fisheries based in American Samoa and Hawaii (North Pacific between 140A degrees-170A degrees W and 20A degrees S-50A degrees N). Diet contents were analyzed from 71 sea turtles: 45 olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea), 22 greens (Chelonia mydas), 2 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), and 2 leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea). This study reports some of the highest frequencies of anthropogenic debris ingestion documented for sea turtles, with 83 % of all the sea turtles sampled ingesting anthropogenic debris. Within species, 91 % of greens and 82 % of olive ridleys ingested anthropogenic debris. This is the first published report of anthropogenic debris ingestion by olive ridleys outside of the Atlantic Ocean. Neither of the leatherbacks ingested anthropogenic debris. The average dry weight of anthropogenic debris ingested by individual olive ridleys and individual greens was 4 and 7 g, respectively. The total dry weights of anthropogenic debris ingested by the two loggerheads were 9 and 120 g. Plastics were the most prominent anthropogenic debris ingested, making up 95 % (405 g dry weight) of the total 427 g ingested. Increased ingestion of anthropogenic debris was found in olive ridleys collected during the winter, which corresponds with the wintertime increase in anthropogenic debris accumulated in the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. This study highlights the need to better understand the factors affecting anthropogenic debris ingestion and its sublethal effects. C1 [Wedemeyer-Strombel, Kathryn R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Johnson, James B.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Peterson, Taylor D.; Plotkin, Pamela T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog & Marine Biol, Grad Interdisciplinary Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wicksten, Mary K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Wedemeyer-Strombel, KR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 214C Heep Lab Bldg,TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM krwedemeyer@gmail.com FU Texas A&M University Marine Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program; Texas A&M University Department of Biology; National Science Foundation [DGE-1252521] FX We thank the Texas A&M University Marine Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program and the Texas A&M University Department of Biology for financial support for this research. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1252521. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Special thanks to Jeffrey Seminoff, Tarla Rai Peterson, Sarah Flanagan, Laura Edelstein, and Rachael Fajardo for guidance during the writing process, and Brittany Schwartzkopf, Charlayna Cammarata, and Samantha Trent for helpful comments on early versions of the manuscript. Thomas DeWitt and Gil Rosenthal provided usage of a drying oven, and Joseph Bernardo allowed access to dissection equipment. Thank you to Bryan Wallace, Barbara Santer, and our three reviewers, M. Frick, J. Senko and J. Tomas, for constructive comments on this manuscript, especially in reference to reexamining seasonality. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 67 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP 2079 EP 2091 DI 10.1007/s00227-015-2738-1 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS8FS UT WOS:000362322200013 ER PT J AU Gerberding, O Cervantes, FG Melcher, J Pratt, JR Taylor, JM AF Gerberding, O. Cervantes, F. Guzman Melcher, J. Pratt, J. R. Taylor, J. M. TI Optomechanical reference accelerometer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; optomechanics; interferometry; inertial sensing ID CAVITY DIODE-LASER; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; SENSOR; INTERFEROMETER; CALIBRATIONS; VIBRATION; BEAM AB We present an optomechanical accelerometer with high dynamic range, high bandwidth and readout noise levels below 7.8 x 10(-5) m s(-2)/root Hz. The straightforward assembly and low cost of our device makes it a prime candidate for on-site reference calibrations and autonomous navigation. We present experimental data taken with a vacuum sealed, portable prototype and deduce the achieved bias stability and the accuracy of the sensitivity. Additionally, we present a comprehensive model of the device physics that we use to analyze the fundamental noise sources and accuracy limitations of such devices. C1 [Gerberding, O.; Cervantes, F. Guzman; Melcher, J.; Pratt, J. R.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerberding, O.; Cervantes, F. Guzman; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gerberding, O (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM felipe.guzman@nist.gov; jmtaylor@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 FU DARPA; ARO [W911NF-14-1-0681] FX The authors would like to thank A Kirchhoff for his help with the device assembly and vacuum sealing. We would also like to thank J Gorman, T LeBrun, and R Lutwak for useful discussion. This work was supported by DARPA and ARO under grant W911NF-14-1-0681. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 654 EP 665 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/654 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400023 ER PT J AU Yao, J Skakun, I Jiang, ZH Levine, J AF Yao, Jian Skakun, Ivan Jiang, Zhiheng Levine, Judah TI A detailed comparison of two continuous GPS carrier-phase time transfer techniques SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE GPS; Carrrier-phase time transfer; boundary discontinuity; revised RINEX-shift; phase integer common-view; two-way satellite time and frequency transfer; two-way optical-fiber time and frequency transfer ID FREQUENCY; LINK; PPP; STABILITY AB Global positioning system (GPS) carrier-phase time transfer, as a widely accepted high-precision time transfer method, frequently shows a data-batch boundary discontinuity of up to 1 ns, because of the inconsistency of the phase ambiguities between two consecutive data batches. To eliminate the data-batch boundary discontinuity, several techniques have been proposed in recent years. The question is how much the solutions of these techniques differ from each other and how well the solutions are faithful to clocks. To answer these questions, this paper chooses two techniques to study: revised RINEX-shift (RRS) technique [1, 2], and phase integer common-view (Phase-CV) technique [3]. This paper shows that the time deviation of the difference between the two techniques is below 100 ps, for an averaging time of less than 10 d. Especially, for an averaging time of less than 1 d, the time deviation is less than 30 ps. We also find that both RRS and Phase-CV match TWSTFT (two-way satellite time and frequency transfer) and TWOTFT (two-way optical-fiber time and frequency transfer) quite well. Especially, the difference between RRS/Phase-CV and TWOTFT is less than +/- 0.25 ns for more than 20 d, for a baseline of 268 km. These results show that both RRS and Phase-CV agree very well, and they are both faithful to clocks. However, this is based on the assumption that there is no obvious change in the GPS receiver reference time. When there is a sudden change in the reference time, Phase-CV cannot follow the time change. In contrast, RRS still follows the time change and represents the clock well. C1 [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Skakun, Ivan] Cent Res Inst Machine Bldg, PNT Informat & Anal Ctr, Korolyov City, Russia. [Jiang, Zhiheng] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jian.yao@nist.gov NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 666 EP 676 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/666 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400024 ER PT J AU Mendenhall, MH Windover, D Henins, A Cline, JP AF Mendenhall, Marcus H. Windover, Donald Henins, Albert Cline, James P. TI An algorithm for the compensation of short-period errors in optical encoders SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE optical encoder; compensation; interpolation AB We present a simple way to collect data from an optical position-or-angle encoder with a readout that interpolates values between the optical features, and to process these data to determine the short-range errors that arise from an interpolation process. This is commonly known as generating the compensation function for such an encoder. This process allows the user of data from an encoder to make this correction without relying on undocumented internal algorithms which may be provided by the encoder manufacturer. It can also be used to test built-in algorithms by measuring the residual error when internal algorithms are used. We apply the algorithm to a commercial angular encoder, installed in a goniometer, as an example. The determination of this function on an encoder is critical to provable angle or position metrology efforts. C1 [Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Windover, Donald; Henins, Albert; Cline, James P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mendenhall, MH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcus.mendenhall@nist.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 685 EP 693 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/685 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400026 ER PT J AU Feng, XJ Lin, H Gillis, KA Moldover, MR Zhang, JT AF Feng, X. J. Lin, H. Gillis, K. A. Moldover, M. R. Zhang, J. T. TI Test of a virtual cylindrical acoustic resonator for determining the Boltzmann constant SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann constant; acoustic gas thermometer; acoustic resonator; speed of sound; virtual resonator ID GAS-CONSTANT; SOUND MEASUREMENTS; CAVITY; SINGLE; SPEED AB We report progress toward determining the Boltzmann constant k(B) using the concept of a virtual acoustic resonator, a hypothetical resonator that is mathematically equivalent to a cylindrical cavity with periodic boundary conditions. We derived the virtual resonator by combining the measured frequencies of the longitudinal acoustic modes of two argon-filled, cylindrical cavity resonators in such a way to minimize the effects of the cavities' ends, including transducers and ducts attached to the ends. The cavities had lengths of 80 mm and 160 mm and were operated in their longitudinal (l,0,0) modes. We explored virtual resonators that combine modes of the two resonators that have nearly the same frequencies. The virtual resonator formed from the (2,0,0) mode of the 80 mm resonator combined with the (4,0,0) mode of the 160 mm resonator yielded a value for k(B) that is, fractionally, only (0.2 +/- 1.5) x 10(-6) larger than the 2010 CODATA-recommended value of k(B). (The estimated uncertainty is one standard uncertainty corresponding to a 68% confidence level.) The same virtual resonator yielded values of the pressure derivatives of the speed of sound c in argon, (partial derivative c(2)/partial derivative p)(T) and (partial derivative c(2)/partial derivative p(2))(T), that differed from literature values by 1% and 2%, respectively. By comparison, when each cavity was considered separately, the values of k(B), (partial derivative c(2)/partial derivative p)(T), and (partial derivative c(2)/partial derivative p(2))(T) differed from literature values by up to 7 ppm, 10%, and 5%, respectively. However, combining the results from the (3,0,0) or (4,0,0) modes of shorter resonator with the results from the (6,0,0) or (8,0,0) modes of the longer resonator yielded incorrect values of k(B) that varied from run-to-run. We speculate that these puzzling results originated in an unmodeled coupling, either between the two cavities (that resonated at nearly identical resonance frequencies in the same pressure vessel) or between the cavities and modes of the pressure vessel. C1 [Feng, X. J.; Lin, H.; Zhang, J. T.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, XJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. EM zhangjint@nim.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51476153, 51276175, 51106143] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51476153, 51276175, and 51106143). NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP S343 EP S352 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/S343 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400013 ER PT J AU Moldover, MR Gavioso, RM Newell, DB AF Moldover, M. R. Gavioso, R. M. Newell, D. B. TI Correlations among acoustic measurements of the Boltzmann constant SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann constant; universal gas constant; acoustic thermometry; fundamental constants; thermometry ID QUASISPHERICAL RESONATOR; SPHERICAL RESONATOR; SOUND MEASUREMENTS; GAS-CONSTANT; SPEED; HELIUM; ARGON; REDETERMINATION; TEMPERATURES; EIGENVALUES AB We review correlated uncertainties among the accurate determinations of the Boltzmann constant k(B) that used the techniques of primary acoustic gas thermometry (AGT). We find correlated uncertainty contributions from four sources: (1) the uncertain chemical and isotopic compositions of the test gases that lead to an uncertain average molar mass, (2) measurements of the temperature, (3) measurements of the shape and dimensions of the cavity resonators, and (4) fitting acoustic resonance frequencies as a function of the pressure. Molar-massdependent uncertainties are correlated among those measurements that used argon with isotopic abundances determined using an isotopic standard prepared at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in 2006. Correlated, cavity-dependent uncertainties result from using the same cavity for more than one measurement. Small, correlated uncertainties propagate into all the AGT determinations of k(B) when acoustic resonance frequencies are fit for k(B) using uncertain literature data for the Avogadro constant and for the thermal conductivity and the higher acoustic virial coefficients of helium or argon. C1 [Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gavioso, R. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Thermodynam Div, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Newell, D. B.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moldover, MR (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.moldover@nist.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP S376 EP S384 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/S376 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400016 ER PT J AU Qu, JF Benz, SP Pollarolo, A Rogalla, H Tew, WL White, R Zhou, KL AF Qu, Jifeng Benz, Samuel P. Pollarolo, Alessio Rogalla, Horst Tew, Weston L. White, Rod Zhou, Kunli TI Improved electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann constant; Johnson noise; quantum voltage; noise thermometry ID THERMAL AGITATION; GAS THERMOMETRY; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTORS; JOSEPHSON; ELECTRICITY; CALIBRATION; SINGLE AB The unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin, will be redefined in 2018 by fixing the value of the Boltzmann constant, k. The present CODATA recommended value of k is determined predominantly by acoustic gas-thermometry results. To provide a value of k based on different physical principles, purely electronic measurements of k were performed by using a Johnson noise thermometer to compare the thermal noise power of a 200 Omega sensing resistor immersed in a triple-point-of-water cell to the noise power of a quantum-accurate pseudo-random noise waveform of nominally equal noise power. Measurements integrated over a bandwidth of 575 kHz and a total integration time of about 33 d gave a measured value of k = 1.3806513(53) x 10(-23) J K-1, for which the relative standard uncertainty is 3.9 x 10(-6) and the relative offset from the CODATA 2010 value is + 1.8 x 10(-6). C1 [Qu, Jifeng; Zhou, Kunli] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Benz, Samuel P.; Pollarolo, Alessio; Rogalla, Horst] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rogalla, Horst] Univ Colorado, ECEE Dept, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Tew, Weston L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [White, Rod] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Qu, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM qujf@nim.ac.cn FU NSFC [61372041, 61001034]; public welfare scientific research project [201010008] FX The research team at NIM are deeply indebted to NIST for their support. The project was made possible with critical hardware, the QVNS chip fabricated by NIST, software, and the opportunity for team members to enjoy guest researcher positions at NIST, Boulder. The authors wish to acknowledge Kevin Coakley of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for providing a model uncertainty analysis, and Jianping Sun, Xiaoke Yan, and Zhengkun Li of NIM for helping with the TPW temperature and resistance calibration. The work at NIM is supported by NSFC (61372041 and 61001034) and the public welfare scientific research project (201010008). NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP S242 EP S256 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/S242 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400006 ER PT J AU Yang, I Pitre, L Moldover, MR Zhang, JT Feng, XJ Kim, JS AF Yang, Inseok Pitre, Laurent Moldover, Michael R. Zhang, Jintao Feng, Xiaojuan Kim, Jin Seog TI Improving acoustic determinations of the Boltzmann constant with mass spectrometer measurements of the molar mass of argon SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann constant; molar mass of argon; mass spectrometer; argon isotope; acoustic gas thermometer ID RESONATOR AB We determined accurate values of ratios among the average molar masses M-Ar of 9 argon samples using two completely-independent techniques: (1) mass spectrometry and (2) measured ratios of acoustic resonance frequencies. The two techniques yielded mutually consistent ratios (RMS deviation of 0.16 x 10(-6) M-Ar from the expected correlation) for the 9 samples of highly-purified, commercially-purchased argon with values of M-Ar spanning a range of 2 x 10(-6) M-Ar. Among the 9 argon samples, two were traceable to recent, accurate, argon-based measurements of the Boltzmann constant k(B) using primary acoustic gas thermometers (AGT). Additionally we determined our absolute values of M-Ar traceable to two, completely-independent, isotopic-reference standards; one standard was prepared gravimetrically at KRISS in 2006; the other standard was isotopically-enriched Ar-40 that was used during NIST's 1988 measurement of kB and was sent to NIM for this research. The absolute values of M-Ar determined using the KRISS standard have the relative standard uncertainty u(r)(M-Ar) = 0.70 x 10(-6) (Uncertainties here are one standard uncertainty.); they agree with values of M-Ar determined at NIM using an AGT within the uncertainty of the comparison u(r)(M-Ar) = 0.93 x 10(-6). If our measurements of M-Ar are accepted, the difference between two, recent, argon-based, AGT measurements of k(B) decreases from (2.77 +/- 1.43) x 10(-6) k(B) to (0.16 +/- 1.28) x 10(-6) k(B). This decrease enables the calculation of a meaningful, weighted average value of k(B) with a uncertainty u(r)(k(B)) approximate to 0.6 x 10(-6). C1 [Yang, Inseok; Kim, Jin Seog] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 34113, South Korea. [Pitre, Laurent] Lab Commun Metrol LNE Cnam, F-93210 La Plaine, France. [Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Jintao; Feng, Xiaojuan] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Yang, I (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 34113, South Korea. EM iyang@kriss.re.kr OI pitre, laurent/0000-0001-9885-7544 FU Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science [14011034] FX The authors thank Deulae Min for the measurement of the argon isotope reference at KRISS and Michael de Podesta for providing argon samples and helpful discussion on the isotope analysis. The work at KRISS was supported by Grant 14011034 from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science under the project 'Establishment of National Physical Measurement Standards and Improvements of Calibration/Measurement Capability.' NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP S394 EP S409 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/52/5/S394 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT0MZ UT WOS:000362491400018 ER PT J AU Lei, LL Whitaker, JS AF Lei, Lili Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Model Space Localization Is Not Always Better Than Observation Space Localization for Assimilation of Satellite Radiances SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Kalman filters; Data assimilation ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; REAL OBSERVATIONS; ERROR COVARIANCE; SYSTEM; SCHEME; LETKF; ECMWF; AIRS AB Covariance localization is an essential component of ensemble-based data assimilation systems for large geophysical applications with limited ensemble sizes. For integral observations like the satellite radiances, where the concepts of location or vertical distance are not well defined, vertical localization in observation space is not as straightforward as in model space. The detailed differences between model space and observation space localizations are examined using a real radiance observation. Counterintuitive analysis increments can be obtained with model space localization; the magnitude of the increment can increase and the increment can change sign when the localization scale decreases. This occurs when there are negative background-error covariances and a predominately positive forward operator. Too narrow model space localization can neglect the negative background-error covariances and result in the counterintuitive analysis increments. An idealized 1D model with integral observations and known true error covariance is then used to compare errors resulting from model space and observation space localizations. Although previous studies have suggested that observation space localization is inferior to model space localization for satellite radiances, the results from the 1D model reveal that observation space localization can have advantages over model space localization when there are negative background-error covariances. Differences between model space and observation space localizations disappear as ensemble size, observation error variance, and localization scale increase. Thus, large ensemble sizes and vertical localization length scales may be needed to more effectively assimilate radiance observations. C1 [Lei, Lili] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lei, Lili; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lei, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lili.lei@noaa.gov FU NOAA High-Impact Weather Prediction Project (HIWPP) [NA14OAR4830123] FX Thanks to Thomas Hamill and Haidao Lin for helpful discussions, and thanks to three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. This work is sponsored by the NOAA High-Impact Weather Prediction Project (HIWPP) under Award NA14OAR4830123. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 143 IS 10 BP 3948 EP 3955 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00413.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VK UT WOS:000362220800007 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Marks, FD AF Zhang, Jun A. Marks, Frank D. TI Effects of Horizontal Diffusion on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change and Structure in Idealized Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Dynamics; Mixing; Turbulence; Hurricanes; typhoons; Parameterization ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART II; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; HURRICANE CORE; WIND STRUCTURE; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB This study examines the effects of horizontal diffusion on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change and structure using idealized simulations of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF). A series of sensitivity experiments were conducted with varying horizontal mixing lengths (L-h), but kept the vertical diffusion coefficient and other physical parameterizations unchanged. The results show that both simulated maximum intensity and intensity change are sensitive to the L-h used in the parameterization of the horizontal turbulent flux, in particular, for L-h less than the model's horizontal resolution. The results also show that simulated storm structures such as storm size, kinematic boundary layer height, and eyewall slope are sensitive to L-h as well. However, L-h has little impact on the magnitude of the surface inflow angle and thermodynamic mixed layer height. Angular momentum budget analyses indicate that the effect of L-h is to mainly spin down a TC vortex. Both mean and eddy advection terms in the angular momentum budget are affected by the magnitude of L-h. For smaller L-h, the convergence of angular momentum is larger in the boundary layer, which leads to a faster spinup of the vortex. The resolved eddy advection of angular momentum plays an important role in the spinup of the low-level vortex inward from the radius of the maximum wind speed when L-h is small. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Marks, Frank D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div,CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); NOAA [NA14NWS4680028]; NASA [NNX14AM69G] FX This work was mainly supported through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP). Jun Zhang was partially supported by NOAA Grant NA14NWS4680028 and NASA Grant NNX14AM69G. We thank Sim Aberson, Eric Uhlhorn, and David Nolan for providing valuable comments and suggestions on an early version of the paper. We thank Ms. Gail Derr for offering editorial support. We also thank HWRF developers from EMC, HRD, and ESRL, especially Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan and Jian-Wen Bao, for developing the idealized system of HWRF. We are very grateful to our editor, George Bryan, and to three reviewers for their comments and suggestions that substantially improved our paper. Jun Zhang is also grateful to Paul Reasor for helpful discussions on the angular momentum budget analysis. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 143 IS 10 BP 3981 EP 3995 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00341.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VK UT WOS:000362220800009 ER PT J AU Dorsi, SW Shupe, MD Persson, POG Kingsmill, DE Avallone, LM AF Dorsi, S. W. Shupe, M. D. Persson, P. O. G. Kingsmill, D. E. Avallone, L. M. TI Phase-Specific Characteristics of Wintertime Clouds across a Midlatitude Mountain Range SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Winter; cool season; Cloud microphysics; Cloud water; phase; Orographic effects; Aircraft observations; In situ atmospheric observations ID ICE WATER-CONTENT; ROSEMOUNT ICING DETECTOR; MIXED-PHASE; LIQUID WATER; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; NORTHERN COLORADO; LASER HYGROMETER; SIERRA-NEVADA AB Observations from a series of frontal and postfrontal storms during the Colorado Airborne Multiphase Cloud Study (CAMPS) are combined to show transitions in cloud dynamics and microphysical statistics over a mountain range. During 10 flights in 2010 and 2011, along-wind, across-ridge transects over the Colorado Park Range are performed to statistically characterize air motion and microphysical conditions and their variability. Composite transect statistics show median vertical winds to be mostly upward windward of the ridge axis, and that cloud water concentration (CWC) and ice-particle number concentration are greatest near the ridge. Mixed-phase clouds were found throughout the study area, but increase in frequency by 70% relative to other cloud types in the vicinity of the range. Compared to ice-only clouds, mixed-phase clouds are associated with greater near-ridge increases in CWC and preferentially occur in regions with greater vertical wind variability or updrafts. Strong leeside reductions in CWC, the abundance of mixed-phase clouds, and number concentration of ice particles reflect the dominance of precipitation and particle mass loss processes, rather than cloud growth processes, downwind from the topographic barrier. On days in which the air column stability does not support lee subsidence, this spatial configuration is markedly different, with both ice- and liquid-water-bearing clouds appearing near the ridgeline and extending downwind. A case study from 9 January 2011 highlights mixed-phase regions in trapped lee waves, and in a near-ridgetop layer with evidence of low-altitude ice particle growth. C1 [Dorsi, S. W.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.; Kingsmill, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dorsi, S. W.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.; Kingsmill, D. E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Avallone, L. M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dorsi, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM samuel.dorsi@colorado.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-0964238]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0011918] FX The Colorado Airborne Multiphase Cloud Study (CAMPS) was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant AGS-0964238. M. S. was additionally supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program Grant DE-SC0011918. The authors thank the StormVEx and CAMPS science teams for planning and directing these projects, and are deeply grateful to the staff and crew of the University of Wyoming King Air for conducting the airborne observations and to Zhien Wang for providing support with aircraft remote sensor measurements. Radiosonde data were provided by the U.S. DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. This manuscript was written while the first author was a visiting research fellow at the Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 143 IS 10 BP 4181 EP 4197 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0135.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VK UT WOS:000362220800019 ER PT J AU Meng, S Greenlee, LF Shen, YR Wang, EG AF Meng, Sheng Greenlee, Lauren F. Shen, Yuen Ron Wang, Enge TI Basic science of water: Challenges and current status towards a molecular picture SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE water; molecular structure; surface water; water treatment; nanotechnology; water properties ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; REVERSE-OSMOSIS DESALINATION; GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOSHEETS; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MEMBRANES; ALKALI-METAL IONS; DRINKING-WATER; LIQUID WATER AB Rapid developments in both fundamental science and modern technology that target water-related problems, including the physical nature of our planet and environment, the origin of life, energy production via water splitting, and water purification, all call for a molecular-level understanding of water. This invokes relentless efforts to further our understanding of the basic science of water. Current challenges to achieve a molecular picture of the peculiar properties and behavior of water are discussed herein, with a particular focus on the structure and dynamics of bulk and surface water, the molecular mechanisms of water wetting and splitting, application-oriented research on water decontamination and desalination, and the development of complementary techniques for probing water at the nanoscale. C1 [Meng, Sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Greenlee, Lauren F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shen, Yuen Ron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Enge] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Meng, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM smeng@iphy.ac.cn; lauren.greenlee@nist.gov RI Meng, Sheng/A-7171-2010; OI Meng, Sheng/0000-0002-1553-1432; Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533 FU NIST; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB921403]; National Natural Science Foundationof China [11474328, 11290164, 11222431]; CAS FX We thank discussion and help from Chongqin Zhu and Dr. Hui Li, Dr. Z. X. Cao, and Dr. Y. Luo during manuscript preparation. Financial support from NIST, the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB921403) and the National Natural Science Foundationof China (Nos. 11474328, 11290164, and 11222431) and CAS are gratefully acknowledged. NR 264 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 37 U2 166 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 8 IS 10 BP 3085 EP 3110 DI 10.1007/s12274-015-0822-y PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT1US UT WOS:000362588100001 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Schweizer, D Cisneros, R Procter, T Ruminski, M Tarnay, L AF Preisler, Haiganoush K. Schweizer, Donald Cisneros, Ricardo Procter, Trent Ruminski, Mark Tarnay, Leland TI A statistical model for determining impact of wildland fires on Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Central California aided by satellite imagery of smoke SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Air pollution standards; Autoregressive model; Exceptional events; NOAA Hazard Mapping System ID SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; FORECASTING SYSTEM; FOREST-FIRES; VERIFICATION; WILDFIRES; INCREASE; LAND; AREA AB As the climate in California warms and wildfires become larger and more severe, satellite-based observational tools are frequently used for studying impact of those fires on air quality. However little objective work has been done to quantify the skill these satellite observations of smoke plumes have in predicting impacts to PM2.5 concentrations at ground level monitors, especially those monitors used to determine attainment values for air quality under the Clean Air Act. Using PM2.5 monitoring data from a suite of monitors throughout the Central California area, we found a significant, but weak relationship between satellite-observed smoke plumes and PM2.5 concentrations measured at the surface. However, when combined with an autoregressive statistical model that uses weather and seasonal factors to identify thresholds for flagging unusual events at these sites, we found that the presence of smoke plumes could reliably identify periods of wildfire influence with 95% accuracy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Preisler, Haiganoush K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, WAB, Albany, CA 94706 USA. [Schweizer, Donald] Univ Calif Merced, Environm Syst Grad Grp, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Cisneros, Ricardo] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Social Sci Humanities & Arts, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Procter, Trent] US Forest Serv, USDA, Porterville, CA 93257 USA. [Ruminski, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Anal Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tarnay, Leland] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Truckee, CA 96161 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, WAB, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94706 USA. EM hpreisler@fs.fed.us; dschweizer@ucmerced.edu; rcisneros@ucmerced.edu; tprocter@fs.fed.us; mark.ruminski@noaa.gov; ltarnay@nps.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 205 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.018 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS8AM UT WOS:000362308100039 PM 26123723 ER PT J AU Allan, JD Smith, SDP McIntyre, PB Joseph, CA Dickinson, CE Marino, AL Biel, RG Olson, JC Doran, PJ Rutherford, ES Adkins, JE Adeyemo, AO AF Allan, J. David Smith, Sigrid D. P. McIntyre, Peter B. Joseph, Christine A. Dickinson, Caitlin E. Marino, Adrienne L. Biel, Reuben G. Olson, James C. Doran, Patrick J. Rutherford, Edward S. Adkins, Jeffrey E. Adeyemo, Adesola O. TI Using cultural ecosystem services to inform restoration priorities in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; SPACE AB Ecological restoration programs often attempt to maintain or enhance ecosystem services (ES), but fine-scale maps of multiple ES are rarely available to support prioritization among potential projects. Here we use agency reports, citizen science, and social media as data sources to quantify the spatial distribution of five recreational elements of cultural ES (CES) - sport fishing, recreational boating, birding, beach use, and park visitation across North America's Laurentian Great Lakes, where current restoration investments exceed US$1.5 billion. These recreational CES are widely yet unevenly distributed, and spatial correlations among all except park visitation indicate that many locations support multiple CES benefits. Collectively, these five service metrics cor-relate with tourism gross domestic product, indicating that local economies benefit from ecosystem conditions that support CES. However, locations of high recreational CES delivery are often severely affected by environmental stressors, suggesting that either ecosystem condition or human enjoyment of these recreational CES is resilient even to substantial levels of stress. Our analyses show that spatial assessments of recreational CES are an informative complement to ecosystem stress assessments for guiding large-scale restoration efforts. C1 [Allan, J. David; Smith, Sigrid D. P.; Joseph, Christine A.; Dickinson, Caitlin E.; Marino, Adrienne L.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Biel, Reuben G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, James C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Doran, Patrick J.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Adkins, Jeffrey E.; Adeyemo, Adesola O.] NOAA, Off Coastal Management, Charleston, SC USA. [Adkins, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, Program Planning & Integrat, Charleston, SC USA. RP Allan, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dallan@umich.edu FU Fred A and Barbara M Erb Family Foundation; University of Michigan Water Center; US National Science Foundation [DEB-1115025]; Packard Foundation (PBM) FX We thank fisheries managers throughout the GL region for providing data on angler effort for sport fishers; S Wood for assistance with analyzing photographs in Flickr for beach visitation data; C Wood and the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology for providing eBird data; and B Cardinale, M Moore, and P Wiley for comments on an earlier draft. This project was funded by the Fred A and Barbara M Erb Family Foundation and the University of Michigan Water Center, with supplemental support from The Nature Conservancy (PJD) and grants from the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1115025) and Packard Foundation (PBM). This is GLERL contribution number 1748. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 70 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 8 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1890/140328 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CS6YF UT WOS:000362229100015 ER PT J AU Klotzbach, PJ Landsea, CW AF Klotzbach, Philip J. Landsea, Christopher W. TI Extremely Intense Hurricanes: Revisiting Webster et al. (2005) after 10 Years SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Tropics; Hurricanes; Climate change; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical variability ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; OSCILLATION; MODELS AB Ten years ago, Webster et al. documented a large and significant increase in both the number as well as the percentage of category 4 and 5 hurricanes for all global basins from 1970 to 2004, and this manuscript examines whether those trends have continued when including 10 additional years of data. In contrast to that study, as shown here, the global frequency of category 4 and 5 hurricanes has shown a small, insignificant downward trend while the percentage of category 4 and 5 hurricanes has shown a small, insignificant upward trend between 1990 and 2014. Accumulated cyclone energy globally has experienced a large and significant downward trend during the same period. The primary reason for the increase in category 4 and 5 hurricanes noted in observational datasets from 1970 to 2004 by Webster et al. is concluded to be due to observational improvements at the various global tropical cyclone warning centers, primarily in the first two decades of that study. C1 [Klotzbach, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Landsea, Christopher W.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Klotzbach, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, West LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM philk@atmos.colostate.edu FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX Ken Knapp and Jim Kossin provided valuable comments that helped improve the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge instructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript from Mark DeMaria, Todd Kimberlain, and Craig Mattocks. The first author would like to thank the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation for financial support that helped fund this research. The second author would like to acknowledge support from the NOAA Climate Program Office for the hurricane database reanalysis project. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 19 BP 7621 EP 7629 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0188.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS2HX UT WOS:000361891300011 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Delworth, TL AF Zhang, Liping Delworth, Thomas L. TI Analysis of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in a Suite of Coupled Models from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Variability; Decadal variability ID INTERDECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; SST ANOMALIES; SYSTEM MODEL; PART I; OCEAN; AMERICA; PERSPECTIVE; SIMULATION; EXTENSION AB North Pacific decadal oceanic and atmospheric variability is examined in a suite of coupled climate models developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The models have ocean horizontal resolutions ranging from 1 degrees to 0.1 degrees and atmospheric horizontal resolutions ranging from 200 to 50 km. In all simulations the dominant pattern of decadal-scale sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Pacific is similar to the observed Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Simulated SST anomalies in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region exhibit a significant spectral peak at approximately 20 yr.Sensitivity experiments are used to show that (i) the simulated PDO mechanism involves extratropical air-sea interaction and oceanic Rossby wave propagation; (ii) the oscillation can exist independent of interactions with the tropics, but such interactions can enhance the PDO; and (iii) ocean-atmosphere feedback in the extratropics is critical for establishing the approximately 20-yr time scale of the PDO. The spatial pattern of the PDO can be generated from atmospheric variability that occurs independently of ocean-atmosphere feedback, but the existence of a spectral peak depends on active air-sea coupling. The specific interdecadal time scale is strongly influenced by the propagation speed of oceanic Rossby waves in the subtropical and subpolar gyres, as they provide a delayed feedback to the atmosphere. The simulated PDO has a realistic association with precipitation variations over North America, with a warm phase of the PDO generally associated with positive precipitation anomalies over regions of the western United States. The seasonal dependence of this relationship is also reproduced by the model. C1 [Zhang, Liping] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Liping; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM liping.zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 19 BP 7678 EP 7701 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00647.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS2HX UT WOS:000361891300015 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, MB Wu, YH Ford, T Quiring, SM AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael B. Wu, Yihua Ford, Trent Quiring, Steven M. TI Comparison of NLDAS-2 Simulated and NASMD Observed Daily Soil Moisture. Part I: Comparison and Analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Hydrometeorology; Soil moisture; Land surface model; Model evaluation; performance ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; FORECAST SYSTEM; NEAR-SURFACE; REAL-TIME; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT AB Soil moisture observations from seven observational networks (spanning portions of seven states) with different biome and climate conditions were used in this study to evaluate multimodel simulated soil moisture products. The four land surface models, including Noah, Mosaic, Sacramento soil moisture accounting (SAC), and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC), were run within phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2), with a ?degrees spatial resolution and hourly temporal resolution. Hundreds of sites in Alabama, Colorado, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma, West Texas, and Utah were used to evaluate simulated soil moisture in the 0-10-, 10-40-, and 40-100-cm soil layers. Soil moisture was spatially averaged in each state to reduce noise. In general, the four models captured broad features (e.g., seasonal variation) of soil moisture variations in all three soil layers in seven states, except for the 10-40-cm soil layer in West Texas and the 40-100-cm soil layer in Alabama, where the anomaly correlations are weak. Overall, Mosaic, SAC, and the ensemble mean have the highest simulation skill and VIC has the lowest simulation skill. The results show that Noah and VIC are wetter than the observations while Mosaic and SAC are drier than the observations, mostly likely because of systematic errors in model evapotranspiration. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Wu, Yihua] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Wu, Yihua] NCEP, EMC, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Ford, Trent; Quiring, Steven M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NCEP, EMC,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analyses, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-1056796] FX The authors thank Prof. Ken Hubbard from University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Dr. Jeff Andersen from Michigan State University, who gave us measurement error estimates and suggested we not use measured soil moisture in the cold season. Y.X. was sponsored by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analyses, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program. S.Q. and T.F. were funded by the National Science Foundation (Award AGS-1056796). The authors also thank Roshan Shrestha and Binbin Zhou at EMC and three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1962 EP 1980 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0096.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VZ UT WOS:000362222500003 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, MB Wu, YH Ford, T Quiring, SM AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael B. Wu, Yihua Ford, Trent Quiring, Steven M. TI Comparison of NLDAS-2 Simulated and NASMD Observed Daily Soil Moisture. Part II: Impact of Soil Texture Classification and Vegetation Type Mismatches SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Runoff; Evapotranspiration; Hydrometeorology; Soil moisture; Land surface model; Model evaluation; performance ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; OPTIMAL PARAMETER; NOAH LSM; WATER; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; IMPLEMENTATION AB In this second part of a two-part paper, the impacts of soil texture and vegetation type misclassification and their combined effect on soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and total runoff simulation are investigated using the Noah model. The results show that these impacts are significant for most regions and soil layers, although they vary depending on soil texture classification, vegetation type, and season. The use of site-observed soil texture classification and vegetation type in the model does not necessarily improve anomaly correlations and reduce mean absolute error for soil moisture simulations. Instead, results are mixed when examining all regions and soil layers. This is attributed to the compensation effects (e.g., effect of ill-calibrated model parameters), as Noah has been more or less calibrated with model-specified soil texture classification and vegetation type. The site-based analysis shows that Noah can reasonably simulate the variation of daily evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and total runoff when soil texture classification (vegetation type) is corrected from loam (forest) to clay (grasslands) or vice versa. This suggests that the performance of Noah can be further improved by tuning model parameters when site-observed soil texture and vegetation type are used. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Wu, Yihua] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Wu, Yihua] NCEP, EMC, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Ford, Trent; Quiring, Steven M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NCEP, EMC,Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analyses, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-1056796] FX The authors thank Prof. Ken Hubbard from University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Dr. Jeff Andersen from Michigan State University, who gave us measurement error estimates and suggested that we not use measured soil moisture during the cold season. Y.X. was sponsored by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analyses, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program. S.Q. and T.F. were funded by the National Science Foundation (Award AGS-1056796). Y.X. also thanks Jesse Meng and Helin Wei for the helpful discussions and Jongil Han and Yan Luo from EMC for the beneficial comments. We thank all three reviewers for their comments and edits. They greatly improved the quality and readability of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1981 EP 2000 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0097.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VZ UT WOS:000362222500004 ER PT J AU Boodoo, S Hudak, D Ryzhkov, A Zhang, PF Donaldson, N Sills, D Reid, J AF Boodoo, Sudesh Hudak, David Ryzhkov, Alexander Zhang, Pengfei Donaldson, Norman Sills, David Reid, Janti TI Quantitative Precipitation Estimation from a C-Band Dual-Polarized Radar for the 8 July 2013 Flood in Toronto, Canada SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrometeorology; Algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Flood events; Urban meteorology ID RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; PARTIAL BEAM BLOCKAGE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; FUZZY-LOGIC; PART I; ATTENUATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D AB A heavy rainfall event over a 2-h period on 8 July 2013 caused significant flash flooding in the city of Toronto and produced 126 mm of rain accumulation at a gauge located near the Toronto Pearson International Airport. This paper evaluates the quantitative precipitation estimates from the nearby King City C-band dual-polarized radar (WKR). Horizontal reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity Z(DR) were corrected for attenuation using a modified ZPHI rain profiling algorithm, and rain rates R were calculated from R(Z) and R(Z, Z(DR)) algorithms. Specific differential phase K-DP was used to compute rain rates from three R(K-DP) algorithms, one modified to use positive and negative K-DP, and an R(K-DP, Z(DR)) algorithm. Additionally, specific attenuation at horizontal polarization A was used to calculate rates from the R(A) algorithm. High-temporal-resolution rain gauge data at 44 locations measured the surface rainfall every 5 min and produced total rainfall accumulations over the affected area. The nearby NEXRAD S-band dual-polarized radar at Buffalo, New York, provided rain-rate and storm accumulation estimates from R(Z) and S-band dual-polarimetric algorithm. These two datasets were used as references to evaluate the C-band estimates. Significant radome attenuation at WKR overshadowed the attenuation correction techniques and resulted in poor rainfall estimates from the R(Z) and R(Z, Z(DR)) algorithms. Rainfall estimation from the Brandes et al. R(K-DP) and R(A) algorithms were superior to the other methods, and the derived storm total accumulation gave biases of 2.1 and -6.1 mm, respectively, with correlations of 0.94. The C-band estimates from the Brandes et al. R(K-DP) and R(A) algorithms were comparable to the NEXRAD S-band estimates. C1 [Boodoo, Sudesh; Hudak, David; Donaldson, Norman; Sills, David; Reid, Janti] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei] Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Boodoo, S (reprint author), Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, 14780 Jane St, King City, ON L7B 1A3, Canada. EM sudesh.boodoo@ec.gc.ca NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 2027 EP 2044 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0003.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VZ UT WOS:000362222500007 ER PT J AU Frei, A Kunkel, KE Matonse, A AF Frei, Allan Kunkel, Kenneth E. Matonse, Adao TI The Seasonal Nature of Extreme Hydrological Events in the Northeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Hydrology; Hydrometeorology; Water budget; Multidecadal variability ID NEW-ENGLAND; FLOOD RISK; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; DROUGHT; TRENDS; USA; 20TH-CENTURY AB Recent analyses of extreme hydrological events across the United States, including those summarized in the recent U.S. Third National Climate Assessment (May 2014), show that extremely large (extreme) precipitation and streamflow events are increasing over much of the country, with particularly steep trends over the northeastern United States. The authors demonstrate that the increase in extreme hydrological events over the northeastern United States is primarily a warm season phenomenon and is caused more by an increase in frequency than magnitude. The frequency of extreme warm season events peaked during the 2000s; a secondary peak occurred during the 1970s; and the calmest decade was the 1960s. Cold season trends during the last 30-50 yr are weaker. Since extreme precipitation events in this region tend to be larger during the warm season than during the cold season, trend analyses based on annual precipitation values are influenced more by warm season than by cold season trends. In contrast, the magnitude of extreme streamflow events at stations used for climatological analyses tends to be larger during the cold season: therefore, extreme event analyses based on annual streamflow values are overwhelmingly influenced by cold season, and therefore weaker, trends. These results help to explain an apparent discrepancy in the literature, whereby increasing trends in extreme precipitation events appear to be significant and ubiquitous across the region, while trends in streamflow appear less dramatic and less spatially coherent. C1 [Frei, Allan] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Frei, Allan] CUNY, Inst Sustainable Cities, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Matonse, Adao] New York City Dept Environm Protect, Bur Water Supply, Grahamsville, NY USA. RP Frei, A (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM afrei@hunter.cuny.edu RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; New York City Department of Environmental Protection Climate Change Integrated Modeling Project FX K.E.K. was partially supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. A.F. and A.M. were partially supported by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection Climate Change Integrated Modeling Project. We thank Nachiketa Acharya for helpful discussions on statistical techniques and Amy Jeu for technical support. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that strengthened this manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 2065 EP 2085 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0237.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VZ UT WOS:000362222500009 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Zhang, J Chang, PL Cao, Q AF Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jian Chang, Pao-Liang Cao, Qing TI Radar Vertical Profile of Reflectivity Correction with TRMM Observations Using a Neural Network Approach SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Data processing; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; PRECIPITATION RADAR; BRIGHT BAND; MELTING LAYER; RAINFALL; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; TERRAIN AB Complex terrain poses challenges to the ground-based radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) because of partial or total blockages of radar beams in the lower tilts. Reflectivities from higher tilts are often used in the QPE under these circumstances and biases are then introduced due to vertical variations of reflectivity. The spaceborne Precipitation Radar (PR) on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite can provide good measurements of the vertical structure of reflectivity even in complex terrain, but the poor temporal resolution of TRMM PR data limits their usefulness in real-time QPE. This study proposes a novel vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction approach to enhance ground radar-based QPEs in complex terrain by integrating the spaceborne radar observations. In the current study, climatological relationships between VPRs from an S-band Doppler weather radar located on the east coast of Taiwan and the TRMM PR are developed using an artificial neural network (ANN). When a lower tilt of the ground radar is blocked, higher-tilt reflectivity data are corrected with the trained ANN and then applied in the rainfall estimation. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with three typhoon precipitation events, and its preliminary performance was evaluated and analyzed. C1 [Wang, Yadong] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wang, Yadong; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Chang, Pao-Liang] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Enterprise, AL USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yadong.wang@noaa.gov FU Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA110AR4320072] FX This research is supported by funding from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China, and was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA110AR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Authors would like to thank Dr. Lin Tang for providing many helpful comments and that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 16 IS 5 BP 2230 EP 2247 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0136.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS6VZ UT WOS:000362222500018 ER PT J AU Komoroske, LM Connon, RE Jeffries, KM Fangue, NA AF Komoroske, Lisa M. Connon, Richard E. Jeffries, Ken M. Fangue, Nann A. TI Linking transcriptional responses to organismal tolerancereveals mechanisms of thermal sensitivity inamesothermal endangered fish SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellular stress response; climate change; fish; phenotypic plasticity; thermal stress; transcriptomics ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; GILLICHTHYS-MIRABILIS COOPER; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DELTA SMELT; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; STRESS-RESPONSE; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; TREMATOMUS-BERNACCHII; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE AB Forecasting species' responses to climate change requires understanding the underlying mechanisms governing environmental stress tolerance, including acclimation capacity and acute stress responses. Current knowledge of these physiological processes in aquatic ectotherms is largely drawn from eurythermal or extreme stenothermal species. Yet many species of conservation concern exhibit tolerance windows and acclimation capacities in between these extremes. We linked transcriptome profiles to organismal tolerance in a mesothermal endangered fish, the delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), to quantify the cellular processes, sublethal thresholds and effects of thermal acclimation on acute stress responses. Delta smelt initiated rapid molecular changes in line with expectations of theoretical thermal limitation models, but also exhibited diminished capacity to modify the expression of some genes and cellular mechanisms key to coping with acute thermal stress found in eurytherms. Sublethal critical thresholds occurred 4-6 degrees C below their upper tolerance limits, and thermal acclimation shifted the onset of acute thermal stress and tolerance as predicted. However, we found evidence that delta smelt's limited thermal plasticity may be partially due to an inability of individuals to effectively make physiological adjustments to truly achieve new homoeostasis under heightened temperatures, resulting in chronic thermal stress. These findings provide insight into the physiological basis of the diverse patterns of thermal tolerances observed in nature. Moreover, understanding how underlying molecular mechanisms shape thermal acclimation capacity, acute stress responses and ultimately differential phenotypes contributes to a predictive framework to deduce species' responses insitu to changes in selective pressures due to climate change. C1 [Komoroske, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Jeffries, Ken M.; Fangue, Nann A.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Connon, Richard E.; Jeffries, Ken M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fangue, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nafangue@ucdavis.edu FU University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [2098-H]; United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [R12AP20018]; State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [201301957]; California Delta Stewardship Council [201015533]; National Science Foundation Graduate-12 Fellowship Program under DGE [0841297]; California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral Fellowship; California Sea Grant Delta Science Post-Doctoral Fellowship FX We thank FCCL staff, in particular J. Lindberg, L. Ellison and G. Tigan for extensive assistance facilitating experiments and providing experimental fish, as well as invaluable knowledge on delta smelt culture and handling. We are grateful to D. Cocherell, R. Kaufman, P. Lutes and E. Hallen for providing experimental facilities and fish husbandry expertise; B. Decourten, M. Hasenbein, J. Dexter, J. Truong, I. Huang, R. McPherson and R. Chiong for their assistance with experiments and laboratory analyses; and T. Bowles, B. Cheng, M. Britton and M. Whalen for statistical analysis consultation. We would also like to thank G. N. Somero, A. E. Todgham and three anonymous reviewers and editor M. Hansen whose constructive comments enhanced the quality of this manuscript. This work was supported by the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [grant number 2098-H to N.A.F.], the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation [contract number R12AP20018 to R.E.C. and N.A.F.], the State and Federal Contractors Water Agency [grant number 201301957 to R.E.C.] and the California Delta Stewardship Council [contract number 201015533 to R.E.C. and N.A.F.]. Funding was provided to L.M.K. by the National Science Foundation Graduate-12 Fellowship Program [under DGE grant number 0841297 to S. L. Williams and B. Ludaescher] and to both L.M.K. and K.M.J. by California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Fellowships, respectively. NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 24 IS 19 BP 4960 EP 4981 DI 10.1111/mec.13373 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA CS6NA UT WOS:000362194900011 PM 26339983 ER PT J AU Xie, SP Deser, C Vecchi, GA Collins, M Delworth, TL Hall, A Hawkins, E Johnson, NC Cassou, C Giannini, A Watanabe, M AF Xie, Shang-Ping Deser, Clara Vecchi, Gabriel A. Collins, Matthew Delworth, Thomas L. Hall, Alex Hawkins, Ed Johnson, Nathaniel C. Cassou, Christophe Giannini, Alessandra Watanabe, Masahiro TI Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SUBTROPICAL PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CHANGE PROJECTIONS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CONVERGENCE ZONE AB Regional information on climate change is urgently needed but often deemed unreliable. To achieve credible regional climate projections, it is essential to understand underlying physical processes, reduce model biases and evaluate their impact on projections, and adequately account for internal variability. In the tropics, where atmospheric internal variability is small compared with the forced change, advancing our understanding of the coupling between long-term changes in upper-ocean temperature and the atmospheric circulation will help most to narrow the uncertainty. In the extratropics, relatively large internal variability introduces substantial uncertainty, while exacerbating risks associated with extreme events. Large ensemble simulations are essential to estimate the probabilistic distribution of climate change on regional scales. Regional models inherit atmospheric circulation uncertainty from global models and do not automatically solve the problem of regional climate change. We conclude that the current priority is to understand and reduce uncertainties on scales greater than 100 km to aid assessments at finer scales. C1 [Xie, Shang-Ping; Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Collins, Matthew] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hawkins, Ed] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cassou, Christophe] CNRS CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Giannini, Alessandra] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Xie, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sxie@ucsd.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014; Giannini, Alessandra/F-7163-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Giannini, Alessandra/0000-0001-5425-4995 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NERC [NE/I022841/1]; NSF FX S.M. Long drew Figures 2 and 3. S.P.X. is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); and M.C. by NERC NE/I022841/1. NCAR is supported by the NSF. NR 100 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2689 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS1PX UT WOS:000361840600012 ER PT J AU Nembach, HT Shaw, JM Weiler, M Jue, E Silva, TJ AF Nembach, Hans T. Shaw, Justin M. Weiler, Mathias Jue, Emilie Silva, Thomas J. TI Linear relation between Heisenberg exchange and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in metal films SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC DOMAIN-WALLS; ANISOTROPIC SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN-TORQUE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; DRIVEN AB Proposals for novel spin-orbitronic logic(1) and memory devices(2) are often predicated on assumptions as to how materials with large spin-orbit coupling interact with ferromagnets when in contact. Such interactions give rise to a host of novel phenomena, such as spin-orbit torques(3,4), chiral spin structures(5,6) and chiral spin torques(7,8). These chiral properties are related to the antisymmetric exchange, also referred to as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI; refs 9,10). For numerous phenomena, the relative strengths of the symmetric Heisenberg exchange and the DMI are of great importance. Here, we use optical spin-wave spectroscopy (Brillouin light scattering) to directly determine the volume-averaged DMI vector D for a series of Ni80Fe20/Pt thin films, and then compare the nearest-neighbour DMI coupling energy with an independently measured value of the Heisenberg exchange for each sample. We show that the dependence on Ni80Fe20 thickness of both the microscopic symmetric and antisymmetric exchange are nearly identical, consistent with the notion that the fundamentals of the DMI and Heisenberg exchange essentially share the same underlying physics, albeit with different symmetries, as was originally proposed by Moriya(11) for superexchange in magnetic oxides, and by Fert and Levy(12) for RKKY coupling in metallic spin glasses. Indeed, our result demonstrates the generality of the original DMI theory, insofar as the proportionality of the symmetric and antisymmetric exchange is robust with regard to the details of spin coupling for the material system in question. Although of significant fundamental importance, this result also leads us to a deeper understanding of DMI and how it could be optimized for spin-orbitronic applications. C1 [Nembach, Hans T.; Shaw, Justin M.; Weiler, Mathias; Jue, Emilie; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nembach, HT (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hans.nembach@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; FU German academic exchange service (DAAD) FX The authors are grateful to Ward Johnson for his support of our BLS measurements, and thank M. Stiles and R. McMichael for stimulating discussions. M.W. acknowledges a stipend by the German academic exchange service (DAAD). NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 11 IS 10 BP 825 EP U139 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3418 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CS6KX UT WOS:000362188600016 ER PT J AU Jansen, MF Held, IM Adcroft, A Hallberg, R AF Jansen, Malte F. Held, Isaac M. Adcroft, Alistair Hallberg, Robert TI Energy budget-based backscatter in an eddy permitting primitive equation model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Backscatter; Eddy parameterization; Mesoscale; Eddy-permitting; Energy budget; Negative viscosity ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; STOCHASTIC BACKSCATTER; MEAN FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION; EDDIES; VISCOSITY; TRACER; TRANSPORTS AB Increasing computational resources are starting to allow global ocean simulations at so-called "eddy-permitting" resolutions, at which the largest mesoscale eddies can be resolved explicitly. However, an adequate parameterization of the interactions with the unresolved part of the eddy energy spectrum remains crucial. Hyperviscous closures, which are commonly applied in eddy-permitting ocean models, cause spurious energy dissipation at these resolutions, leading to low levels of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and weak eddy induced transports. It has recently been proposed to counteract the spurious energy dissipation of hyperviscous closures by an additional forcing term, which represents "backscatter" of energy from the un-resolved scales to the resolved scales. This study proposes a parameterization of energy backscatter based on an explicit sub-grid EKE budget. Energy dissipated by hyperviscosity acting on the resolved flow is added to the sub-grid EKE, while a backscatter term transfers energy back from the sub-grid EKE to the resolved flow. The backscatter term is formulated deterministically via a negative viscosity, which returns energy at somewhat larger scales than the hyperviscous dissipation, thus ensuring dissipation of enstrophy. The parameterization is tested in an idealized configuration of a primitive equation ocean model, and is shown to significantly improve the solutions of simulations at typical eddy-permitting resolutions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jansen, Malte F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jansen, Malte F.; Held, Isaac M.; Adcroft, Alistair; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Jansen, Malte F.; Held, Isaac M.; Adcroft, Alistair; Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Jansen, MF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mfj@uchicago.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752, NA14OAR4320106] FX We would like to thank Stephen Griffies, Tony Rosati, Pablo Zurita-Gotor, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. M.F.J. acknowledges funding from a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. A.J.A. was supported under awards NA08OAR4320752 and NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 94 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.015 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CS4AF UT WOS:000362016400002 ER PT J AU Downes, SM Farneti, R Uotila, P Griffies, SM Marsland, SJ Bailey, D Behrens, E Bentsen, M Bi, DH Biastoch, A Boning, C Bozec, A Canuto, VM Chassignet, E Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Diansky, N Drange, H Fogli, PG Gusev, A Howard, A Ilicak, M Jung, T Kelley, M Large, WG Leboissetier, A Long, M Lu, JH Masina, S Mishra, A Navarra, A Nurser, AJG Patara, L Samuels, BL Sidorenko, D Spence, P Tsujino, H Wang, Q Yeager, SG AF Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Uotila, Petteri Griffies, Stephen M. Marsland, Simon J. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Boening, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Gusev, Anatoly Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Long, Matthew Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Mishra, Akhilesh Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A. J. George Patara, Lavinia Samuels, Bonita L. Sidorenko, Dmitry Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Wang, Qiang Yeager, Stephen G. TI An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988-2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; CORE-II experiments; Water masses; Sea ice; Ocean model intercomparison ID SUB-ANTARCTIC MODE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; MIXED-LAYER DEPTHS; ANNULAR MODE; WEDDELL POLYNYA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; TRANSFORMATION; VARIABILITY AB We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988-2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the interannual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available. The CORE-II models exhibit several biases relative to Southern Ocean observations, including an underestimation of the model mean mixed layer depths of mode and intermediate water masses in March (associated with greater ocean surface heat gain), and an overestimation in September (associated with greater high latitude ocean heat loss and a more northward winter sea-ice extent). In addition, the models have cold and fresh/warm and salty water column biases centred near 50 degrees S. Over the 1933-2007 period, the CORE-II models consistently simulate spatially variable trends in sea-ice concentration, surface freshwater fluxes, mixed layer depths, and 200-700 in ocean heat content. In particular, sea-ice coverage around most of the Antarctic continental shelf is reduced, leading to a cooling and freshening of the near surface waters. The shoaling of the mixed layer is associated with increased surface buoyancy gain, except in the Pacific where sea ice is also influential. The models are in disagreement, despite the common CORE-II atmospheric state, in their spatial pattern of the 20-year trends in the mixed layer depth and sea-ice. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Acton, Australia. [Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Acton, Australia. [Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Uotila, Petteri; Marsland, Simon J.; Bi, Daohua] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Uotila, Petteri] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bailey, David; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Large, William G.; Long, Matthew; Yeager, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Behrens, Erik; Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Patara, Lavinia] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Behrens, Erik] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Bentsen, Mats; Ilicak, Mehmet] Uni Res AS, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Bentsen, Mats; Drange, Helge; Ilicak, Mehmet] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua; Mishra, Akhilesh] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Canuto, Vittorio M.; Howard, Armando; Kelley, Maxwell; Leboissetier, Anthony] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies GISS, New York, NY USA. [Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Wang, Qiang] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Diansky, Nikolay; Gusev, Anatoly] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Leboissetier, Anthony] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY USA. [Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Nurser, A. J. George] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, 20 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RI Gusev, Anatoly/A-8528-2014; Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Long, Matthew/H-4632-2016; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016 OI Gusev, Anatoly/0000-0002-6463-3179; Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; ILICAK, Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Long, Matthew/0000-0003-1273-2957; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; FU international CLIVAR project office; U.S. CLIVAR project office; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; Australian Government Department of the Environment; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme; Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change); Helmholtz Association of German research centers (HGF) [REKLIM-2009-07-16]; Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean'; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office [NA09OAR4310163] FX The CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organising the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices, particularly Anna Pirani. We are grateful for the efforts of modellers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE 11 experiments. S. M. Downes was supported by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (grant CE110001028). The ACCESS model is supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. A.W.I. is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. Q. Wang and D. Sidorenko are funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change), a joint research project of the Helmholtz Association of German research centers (HGF) under grant: REKLIM-2009-07-16. The GEOMAR model integrations were built on developments in the DRAKKAR collaboration, were performed at the North German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN), and were supported by the Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean', The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). S. G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program grant NA09OAR4310163. We thank Carolina Dufour and Adele Morrison for their useful comments on earlier drafts, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, all of which helped improve the paper. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 94 BP 67 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CS4AF UT WOS:000362016400006 ER PT J AU Usher, TM Levin, I Daniels, JE Jones, JL AF Usher, Tedi-Marie Levin, Igor Daniels, John E. Jones, Jacob L. TI Electric-field-induced local and mesoscale structural changes in polycrystalline dielectrics and ferroelectrics SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; METALLIC GLASSES; DEFORMATION; ANISOTROPY; DETECTOR AB The atomic-scale response of dielectrics/ferroelectrics to electric fields is central to their functionality. Here we introduce an in situ characterization method that reveals changes in the local atomic structure in polycrystalline materials under fields. The method employs atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs), determined from X-ray total scattering that depends on orientation relative to the applied field, to probe structural changes over length scales from sub angstrom to several nanometres. The PDF is sensitive to local ionic displacements and their short-range order, a key uniqueness relative to other techniques. The method is applied to representative ferroelectrics, BaTiO3 and Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3, and dielectric SrTiO3. For Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3, the results reveal an abrupt field-induced monoclinic to rhombohedral phase transition, accompanied by ordering of the local Bi displacements and reorientation of the nanoscale ferroelectric domains. For BaTiO3 and SrTiO3, the local/nanoscale structural changes observed in the PDFs are dominated by piezoelectric lattice strain and ionic polarizability, respectively. C1 [Usher, Tedi-Marie; Jones, Jacob L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Daniels, John E.] UNSW Australia, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jacobjones@ncsu.edu RI Daniels, John/C-7497-2011; Usher, Tedi-Marie/G-5226-2016 OI Usher, Tedi-Marie/0000-0001-8265-5972 FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB13H197]; U.S. Department of the Army [W911NF-09-1-0435]; IMI Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR 0843934]; AINSE research fellowship; Australian Research Council [DP120103968]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX T.-M.U. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce under award number 70NANB13H197 and J.L.J. acknowledges support the U.S. Department of the Army under W911NF-09-1-0435. Support by the IMI Program of the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR 0843934 allowed T.-M.U. and J.E.D. to collaborate on this work. J.E.D. acknowledges financial support from an AINSE research fellowship and Australian Research Council project DP120103968. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors acknowledge Kevin Beyer and Karena Chapman at 11-ID-B for their assistance with the experiments and Victor Krayzman at NIST for the spherical harmonics calculations. T.-M.U. gratefully thanks Elena Aksel for preparation of the Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3 sample and Jennifer S. Forrester for technical discussions. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 14678 DI 10.1038/srep14678 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CS5AM UT WOS:000362087700001 PM 26424360 ER PT J AU Malick, MJ Cox, SP Peterman, RM Wainwright, TC Peterson, WT AF Malick, Michael J. Cox, Sean P. Peterman, Randall M. Wainwright, Thomas C. Peterson, William T. TI Accounting for multiple pathways in the connections among climate variability, ocean processes, and coho salmon recruitment in the Northern California Current SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARLY MARINE GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; UPWELLING SYSTEMS AB Pathways linking climate to population dynamics of higher-trophic-level fish species such as Pacific salmon often involve a hierarchy in which regional-scale physical and biological processes mediate the effects of large-scale climate variability. We used probabilistic networks to investigate 17 potential ecological pathways linking climate to Oregon coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) recruitment. We found that pathways originating with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation were the most influential on recruitment, with the net effect being two to four times greater than for pathways originating with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation or the Oceanic Nifio Index. Among all environmental variables, sea surface temperature and an index of juvenile salmon prey biomass had the greatest effects on recruitment, with a 76% chance of recruitment being equal to or below average given that ocean temperatures were above average and a 34% chance of recruitment being below average given that prey biomass was above average. Our results provide evidence that shifts in climate patterns could strongly influence recruitment simultaneously through multiple ecological pathways and highlight the importance of quantifying cumulative effects of these pathways on higher-trophic-level species. C1 [Malick, Michael J.; Cox, Sean P.; Peterman, Randall M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Wainwright, Thomas C.; Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Newport Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Malick, MJ (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM mmalick@sfu.ca RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010 OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X FU Simon Fraser University; Canada Research Chairs Program FX We thank the numerous people who collected and compiled the physical and biological oceanographic data over the past decades. In particular, we thank Jay Peterson, Leah Feinberg, Tracy Shaw, Jennifer Menkel, and Jennifer Fisher. Funding for this research was provided by Simon Fraser University and a grant from the Canada Research Chairs Program to R.M. Peterman. We also thank Franz Mueter and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and discussions. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1552 EP 1564 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0509 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CS1LZ UT WOS:000361828400011 ER PT J AU Zhou, KL Qu, JF Benz, SP AF Zhou, Kunli Qu, Jifeng Benz, Samuel P. TI Zero-Compensation Method and Reduced Inductive Voltage Error for the AC Josephson Voltage Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconducting integrated circuits; voltage measurement ID WAVE-FORM SYNTHESIS; SYNTHESIZER AB In the pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard, the low frequency (LF) component of a drive signal increases the system complexity and induces unwanted voltages through on-chip inductances. A novel zero compensation (ZC) method for pulse-driven ac waveform synthesis is presented in this paper. A pulse train is obtained through a two-level Delta-Sigma modulation and then reconstructed by replacing each pulse with three pulses of a negative-positive-negative pattern. The amplitudes of the reconstructed pulse train are carefully adjusted so that the positive pulses drive the Josephson junctions to the first quantum state, whereas the negative pulses keep the junctions on the zero quantum state and cancel the contribution of the positive pulses to the LF inductive voltage component. This new method eliminates the need for LF signal reinjection required by the conventional bias method and eliminates the need for a direct-current bias required by the recently proposed ZC method. An 8-kHz sinusoidal waveform with an amplitude of 1 mV rms is synthesized to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. We also demonstrate that the inductive voltage error is significantly reduced for waveforms synthesized with the new method. C1 [Zhou, Kunli] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Kunli; Qu, Jifeng] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhou, KL (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM qujf@nim.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61372041, 61001034] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61372041 and Grant 61001034. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor O. Mukhanov. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 25 IS 5 AR 1400806 DI 10.1109/TASC.2015.2470684 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CR9LV UT WOS:000361678100001 ER PT J AU Sun, LT Deser, C Tomas, RA AF Sun, Lantao Deser, Clara Tomas, Robert A. TI Mechanisms of Stratospheric and Tropospheric Circulation Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Sea ice; Atmospheric circulation; Stratosphere-troposphere coupling; Stratosphere; Climate models ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; POLAR VORTEX; WEATHER REGIMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CMIP5 MODELS; VARIABILITY; AMPLIFICATION; ANOMALIES; EVENTS AB The impact of projected Arctic sea ice loss on the atmospheric circulation is investigated using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a model with a well-resolved stratosphere. Two 160-yr simulations are conducted: one with surface boundary conditions fixed at late twentieth-century values and the other with identical conditions except for Arctic sea ice, which is prescribed at late twenty-first-century values. Their difference isolates the impact of future Arctic sea ice loss upon the atmosphere. The tropospheric circulation response to the imposed ice loss resembles the negative phase of the northern annular mode, with the largest amplitude in winter, while the less well-known stratospheric response transitions from a slight weakening of the polar vortex in winter to a strengthening of the vortex in spring. The lack of a significant winter stratospheric circulation response is shown to be a consequence of largely cancelling effects from sea ice loss in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors, which drive opposite-signed changes in upward wave propagation from the troposphere to the stratosphere. Identical experiments conducted with Community Atmosphere Model, version 4, WACCM's low-top counterpart, show a weaker tropospheric response and a different stratospheric response compared to WACCM. An additional WACCM experiment in which the imposed ice loss is limited to August-November reveals that autumn ice loss weakens the stratospheric polar vortex in January, followed by a small but significant tropospheric response in late winter and early spring that resembles the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, with attendant surface climate impacts. C1 [Sun, Lantao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, Lantao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sun, LT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lantao.sun@noaa.gov RI Sun, Lantao/D-9948-2015 OI Sun, Lantao/0000-0001-8578-9175 FU Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers and Editor John Walsh for the constructive comments and suggestions, and we appreciated valuable discussions with Dr. Lorenzo Polvani during the early stages of this work. This project was supported by a grant from the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 19 BP 7824 EP 7845 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0169.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS2HW UT WOS:000361891200006 ER PT J AU Muller, OV Berbery, EH Alcaraz-Segura, D Ek, MB AF Mueller, Omar V. Berbery, Ernesto Hugo Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo Ek, Michael B. TI Regional model simulations of the 2008 drought in southern South America using a consistent set of land surface properties (vol 27, pg 6754, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 [Mueller, Omar V.] Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidr, CEVARCAM, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Mueller, Omar V.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Berbery, Ernesto Hugo] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo] Univ Granada, Dept Bot, Granada, Spain. [Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Muller, OV (reprint author), Univ Nacl Litoral, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Hidr, CEVARCAM, Santa Fe, Argentina. RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010 OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 19 BP 7914 EP 7915 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0571.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS2HW UT WOS:000361891200011 ER PT J AU Aspnes, J Diamadi, Z Yampolskiy, A Gjosteen, K Peralta, R AF Aspnes, James Diamadi, Zoe Yampolskiy, Aleksandr Gjosteen, Kristian Peralta, Rene TI Spreading Alerts Quietly and the Subgroup Escape Problem SO JOURNAL OF CRYPTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blind coupon mechanism; AND-homomorphic bit commitment; Subgroup escape problem; Elliptic curves over composite moduli; Anonymous communication; Intrusion detection ID PUBLIC-KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMS; ELLIPTIC-CURVES; ENCRYPTION; KNOWLEDGE; SCHEMES; PROOFS; MIX AB We introduce a new cryptographic primitive called a blind coupon mechanism (BCM). In effect, a BCM is an authenticated bit commitment scheme, which is AND-homomorphic. We show that a BCM has natural and important applications. In particular, we use it to construct a mechanism for transmitting alerts undetectably in a message-passing system of nodes. Our algorithms allow an alert to quickly propagate to all nodes without its source or existence being detected by an adversary, who controls all message traffic. Our proofs of security are based on a new subgroup escape problem, which seems hard on certain groups with bilinear pairings and on elliptic curves over the ring Z(n). C1 [Aspnes, James] Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Diamadi, Zoe] LinkedIn Corp, Mountain View, CA USA. [Yampolskiy, Aleksandr] Security Scorecard Inc, New York, NY USA. [Gjosteen, Kristian] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math Sci, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Peralta, Rene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aspnes, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 2158, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM aspnes@cs.yale.edu; zdiamadi@linkedin.com; alex@securityscorecard.io; kristian.gjosteen@math.ntnu.no; peralta@nist.gov FU NSF [CCR-0098078, CNS-0305258, CNS-0435201, ANI-0207399]; Norwegian Research Council project NTNU Research Programme in Information Security [158597] FX Supported in part by NSF grants CCR-0098078, CNS-0305258, and CNS-0435201.; Supported by NSF grants CCR-0098078, ANI-0207399, CNS-0305258, and CNS-0435201.; Supported in part by the Norwegian Research Council project 158597 NTNU Research Programme in Information Security. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0933-2790 EI 1432-1378 J9 J CRYPTOL JI J. Cryptology PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 4 BP 796 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s00145-014-9181-1 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA CS1JO UT WOS:000361820500003 ER PT J AU Lovas, FJ Sprague, MK AF Lovas, F. J. Sprague, M. K. TI Microwave rotational spectral study of SO2-CO SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Carbon monoxide; Dimer; Microwave spectrum; Rotational spectrum; Structure; Sulfur dioxide ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE-MOMENT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; COMPLEX; MOLECULES; CONSTANTS; VAN; OCS; CO AB The microwave spectrum of the molecular complex of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with carbon monoxide (CO) has been studied with a pulsed-beam Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer (FTMW) from a pair of gas samples of 1% by volume of SO2 and CO in Ar, and introduced via separate capillary inputs to the flow nozzle. The frequency coverage was about 7-16 GHz for various isotopomers. The molecular structure was determined with the aid of spectral studies of isotopically substituted monomers containing C-13, O-18 and S-34. The rotational analyses provide the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for all of the isotopomers analyzed. The structure determination is compared to detailed ab initio structural calculations. The electric dipole moment components along the a- and c-axis were determined from Stark effect measurements. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lovas, F. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sprague, M. K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lovas, FJ (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lovas@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 316 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2015.07.005 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CR8ZY UT WOS:000361644200007 PM 27239070 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pantoli, E Hutchinson, TC Restrepo, JI Wood, RL Hoehler, MS Grzesik, P Sesma, FH AF Wang, X. Pantoli, E. Hutchinson, T. C. Restrepo, J. I. Wood, R. L. Hoehler, M. S. Grzesik, P. Sesma, F. H. TI Seismic Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Wall Systems in a Full-Scale Building SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nonstructural components and systems; Cold-formed steel; Partition walls; Balloon framing; Shake table tests; Damage states; Seismic performance; Seismic effects ID NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS; PARTITION WALLS; EARTHQUAKE; PANELS AB This paper presents the seismic performance of two types of cold-formed steel wall systems as characterized during a full-scale five-story building shake table test program: (1) an exterior architectural facade, which spanned the lower three levels of the building, and (2) interior partition wall systems distributed at all levels of the building. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions of increasing intensity, first while the building was isolated at its base, and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. This paper presents the observed physical and measured responses for the two cold-formed steel wall systems and in particular associates physical damage states with measured drift demands in the building. The tests illustrate damage mechanisms for cold-formed steel wall systems when used in architectural facades and highlights areas that should be given particular consideration during seismic design. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wang, X.; Pantoli, E.; Hutchinson, T. C.; Restrepo, J. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Wood, R. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Hoehler, M. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Res Struct Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grzesik, P.] Hilti AG, Direct Fastening Syst, Segment Manager Tech Mkt, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein. [Sesma, F. H.] Calif Expanded Met Prod Co CEMCO, Director Tech Serv, City Of Industry, CA 91744 USA. RP Hutchinson, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM tara@ucsd.edu RI Wang, Xiang/R-4616-2016 FU NSF-NEESR [CMMI-0936505]; California Expanded Metal Products Co. (CEMCO); CSI Commercial Scaffolding; Hilti Corporation; Regal Industries, Inc.; Southwest Regional Council of Carpenters; Sure-Board; USG Corporation FX This project is a collaboration between four academic institutions (University of California, San Diego, San Diego State University, Howard University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute), four government or other granting agencies (the National Science Foundation, the Englekirk Advisory Board, the Charles Pankow Foundation, and the California Seismic Safety Commission), over 40 industry partners, and two oversight committees. Through the NSF-NEESR program, partial funding is provided by grant number CMMI-0936505. Support is also provided by NEES@UCSD and NEES@UCLA staff, Robert Bachman, Dr. Robert Englekirk, Mahmoud Faghihi, Prof. Claudia Marin, and Prof. Ken Walsh. This work would not be possible without the many hours of dedicated graduate student contributions, in particular, Consuelo Aranda, Rodrigo Astroza, Michelle Chen, Hamed Ebrahimian, Elias Espino, Giovanni De Francesco, Jin-Kyung Kim, Steven Mintz (deceased), Hae-Jun Park, and Francesco Selva. Specific to the cold-formed steel wall systems discussed in this paper, support is provided by California Expanded Metal Products Co. (CEMCO), CSI Commercial Scaffolding, Hilti Corporation, Regal Industries, Inc., Southwest Regional Council of Carpenters, Sure-Board, and USG Corporation. The above continuous support is gratefully acknowledged. Opinions and findings of this study are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 10 AR 04015014 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001245 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CR7TO UT WOS:000361554200022 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Gross, JL McAllister, TP Li, GQ AF Zhang, Chao Gross, John L. McAllister, Therese P. Li, Guo-Qiang TI Behavior of Unrestrained and Restrained Bare Steel Columns Subjected to Localized Fire SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel columns; Localized fires; Local and global buckling; Temperature gradient; Axial and rotational restraints; Sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical simulation; Analysis and Computation ID RESISTANCE; DESIGN; TEMPERATURES; MEMBERS; MODEL AB Real fires start from localized burning and will not develop to flashover in an open space or in large open-plan compartments. Temperatures of gas and exposed steel columns in localized fires are not uniform. Current structural fire design methods are based on uniform heating and, therefore, do not account for temperature gradients in real fires. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the behavior of bare steel columns subjected to a localized fire. The buckling behaviors of steel columns surrounded by and adjacent to a localized fire are investigated. Simple approaches are provided to calculate the temperatures of steel columns surrounded by and adjacent to a localized fire. Sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical simulations were conducted. Unrestrained, axially restrained, and rotationally restrained steel columns of various load ratios and dimensions subjected to different heating conditions were considered. The study found that the behavior of steel columns subjected to a localized fire may be completely different from that of columns subjected to a standard International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 834 fire. The steel columns surrounded by a localized fire fail by local buckling, while the same columns subjected to a standard ISO 834 fire fail by global buckling. The temperatures at which steel columns buckled (buckling temperature) when surrounded by a localized fire are higher than those of columns subjected to both a standard ISO 834 fire and an assumed uniform steel temperature condition. However, the buckling temperature of steel columns adjacent to a localized fire may be much lower than that of the columns subjected to both a standard ISO 834 fire and an assumed uniform steel temperature condition. The location of the localized fire relative to the column has a significant effect on the temperature and buckling behavior of steel columns. Structural fire design for steel columns based on a standard ISO 834 fire or a uniform steel temperature may be conservative if the potential real fires are localized fires surrounding the columns and may not be conservative if the potential real fires are localized fires adjacent to the columns. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Gross, John L.; McAllister, Therese P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Guo-Qiang] Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov; john.gross@nist.gov; therese.mcallister@nist.gov; gqli@tongji.edu.cn NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 141 IS 10 AR 04014239 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001225 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CR7TO UT WOS:000361554200009 ER PT J AU Zhao, LL Xu, JJ Powell, AM Jiang, ZH AF Zhao, Lilong Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Jiang, Zhihong TI Uncertainties of the global-to-regional temperature and precipitation simulations in CMIP5 models for past and future 100 years SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; UPDATE AB Global-to-regional surface temperature and precipitation trends are examined based on the CMIP5 model 100 years of historical simulations and another future 100 years following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) emission scenario projection. Different from the ensemble mean approach in the previous studies, the probabilistic multimodal ensemble prediction with Gaussian fitting is used to generate probabilistic simulations. The results show that the averaged precipitation increases slightly with global warming, but the response is not globally uniform. Both historical model simulations and the RCP emission scenario projections suffer from large uncertainties in the selected models and the geographic distribution. The spatial distribution of spreads among the multimodal scenario projections is similar to that in the historical simulations, except the magnitude of spread sharply increases and the region expands equatorward and poleward in surface temperature and precipitation, respectively. C1 [Zhao, Lilong; Jiang, Zhihong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Lilong; Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230528, 41305039]; priority Academic program development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX The surface temperature data for HadCRUT4 is created by the Met Office Hadley Centre and the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia and the new GISS analysis dataset is developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS). The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) collected and archived the model data. In addition, the first author was partially supported by a key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41230528, 41305039) and the priority Academic program development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education. The authors would like to thank these agencies for providing the data and funding support.; This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s00704-014-1293-x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CS0EU UT WOS:000361731600020 ER PT J AU Jenkins, GS Robjhon, ML Reyes, A Valentine, A Neves, L AF Jenkins, Gregory S. Robjhon, Miliaritiana L. Reyes, Ashford Valentine, Adriel Neves, Luis TI Elevated middle and upper troposphere ozone observed downstream of Atlantic tropical cyclones SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Ozone; Lightning; Tropical Atlantic ID CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY; EASTERLY WAVES; WEST-AFRICA; MAXIMUM; AIRCRAFT; PARADOX; SUMMER; OCEAN; PART AB During the peak period of hurricane activity in the summer of 2010, vertical profiles of ozone using ozonesondes were taken downstream of tropical cyclones in the Western and Eastern Atlantic Ocean basin at Barbados and Cape Verde. Measurements are taken for tropical cyclones Danielle, Earl, Fiona, Gaston, Julia and Igor. The measurements show an increase in ozone mixing ratios with air originating from the tropical cyclones at 5-10 km altitude. We suggest that observed lightning activity associated tropical cyclones and the subsequent production of NOx followed by upper level outflow and subsidence ahead of the tropical cyclones and aged continental outflow from West Africa thunderstorms produced observed increases in ozone mixing ratios. Hurricane Danielle showed the largest changes in ozone mixing ratio with values increasing from 25 ppb to 70 ppb between 22 and 25 August in the middle troposphere, near 450 hPa; warming and drying in the middle and lower troposphere. Measurements of ozone mixing ratios in Cape Verde show higher ozone mixing ratios prior to the passage of tropical storm Julia but low ozone mixing ratios and high relative humidity up to 300 hPa when the storm was in close proximity. This is due most likely the vertically transported from the marine boundary layer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, Gregory S.; Reyes, Ashford] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Robjhon, Miliaritiana L.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Reyes, Ashford; Valentine, Adriel] Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Neves, Luis] Inst Nacl Meteorol & Geofis, Praia, Cape Verde. RP Jenkins, GS (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM gjenkins@howard.edu FU National Science Foundation [1013179] FX We thank the Caribbean Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology in Barbados and the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory in Sao Vicente Cape Verde for providing facilities for the research. This work was funded by National Science Foundation under the Grant number AGS# 1013179. Ozonesonde data for Barbados will be made available upon request to the corresponding author, while ozonesonde data for Cape Verde can be found at the center for environmental data archival (Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/capeverde/). NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 118 BP 70 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.025 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5UM UT WOS:000361409900007 ER PT J AU Ciancio, JE Rossi, CR Pascual, M Anderson, E Garza, JC AF Ciancio, Javier E. Riva Rossi, Carla Pascual, Miguel Anderson, Eric Garza, John Carlos TI The invasion of an Atlantic Ocean river basin in Patagonia by Chinook salmon: new insights from SNPs SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Anadromous salmonid; Patagonia; Interbasin colonization; Single nucleotide polymorphism ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY; COLUMBIA RIVER; BROWN TROUT; NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Chinook salmon spawning was first reported in the 1980s in the Caterina River tributary of the Santa Cruz River basin of Patagonia, which drains into the Atlantic Ocean. A naturalized population now persists and its source has been debated. Chinook salmon from California populations was directly released into the Santa Cruz River in the early twentieth century, but ocean ranching experiments on the Pacific coast of Patagonia (Chile) also released Chinook salmon of lower Columbia River origin (University of Washington hatchery stock) in the late twentieth century. We used genetic stock identification with single nucleotide polymorphisms to explore the origin of this Chinook salmon population. The genotypes of salmon that invaded the Santa Cruz River were compared with those derived from 69 known populations from the Northern Hemisphere. Chinook Salmon of the Santa Cruz River were found to be most similar to those from the lower Columbia River. This supports the hypothesis that the Santa Cruz River population was founded from the ocean ranching in southern Chile and the river was invaded by fish straying from Pacific coast basins. Moreover, we find that the life history of these naturalized fish, as inferred from scale analysis, was similar to that of the progenitor stock. We suggest that the successful invasion of the Caterina River in Patagonia by Chinook salmon was aided by pre-adaptations of some of the stocks used in the ocean ranching experiments to conditions in the new environment, rather than a post-colonization adaptation. C1 [Ciancio, Javier E.] Inst Biol Organismos Marinos IBIOMAR CENPAT, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Riva Rossi, Carla] Inst Div & Evoluc Austral IDEA CENPAT, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Pascual, Miguel] Inst Patagon El Estudio Ecosistemas Continentales, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Anderson, Eric; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ciancio, JE (reprint author), Inst Biol Organismos Marinos IBIOMAR CENPAT, Blvd Brown 2915, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. EM ciancio@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar FU Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica PICT; US National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank J. Lancelotti, M. Garcia-Asorey, G. Pess, A. Liberoff, T. Quinn, S. Carlson, M. Unwin, and P. Roni for their help with sample collection, and E. Crandall, V. Apkenas, A. Clemento, A. Abadia-Cardoso, and E. Gilbert-Horvath for help with laboratory and data analyses. Comments from T. Quinn greatly improved an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was funded by Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica PICT and the US National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2015 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2989 EP 2998 DI 10.1007/s10530-015-0928-x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR6MB UT WOS:000361460300015 ER PT J AU Huang, M Huang, B Gu, LJ Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Huang, Melin Huang, Bormin Gu, Lingjia Huang, H. -L. Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Parallel GPU architecture framework for the WRF Single Moment 6-class microphysics scheme SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA); Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF); WRF Single Moment 6-class (WSM6) scheme ID MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; ORGANIZATION; ALGORITHM; MESOSCALE; CYCLONES; MODEL AB An Earth-observing remote sensing instrument is used to collect information about the physical environment within its instantaneous-field-of-view and is often placed aboard a suborbital or satellite platform for maximal spatial coverage. Remote sensing inversion techniques can extract valuable meteorological parameters that are subsequently passed through weather models for research and forecasting. One of the several microphysics packages for clouds and precipitation in weather models is WRF Single Moment 6-class (WSM6) scheme, and it is now widely used. With the advancement in Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), implementation of a fast and parallel WSM6 scheme is achievable. This paper describes a massively parallel GPU design of the WSM6 scheme. The performance is compared to a CPU implementation running on Intel Xeon E5-2603 at 1.8 GHz. Our implementation shows a speedup of 216 x using a single NVIDIA K40 GPU as compared to its CPU counterpart running on one CPU core, whereas the speedup for one CPU socket (4 cores) with respect to one CPU core is only 3.7 x. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Melin; Huang, Bormin; Gu, Lingjia; Huang, H. -L. Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, JPSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant no. NA10NES4400013. The authors would like to thank Dr. James E. Davies of Space Science and Engineering Center at University of Wisconsin-Madison for professional editing of this manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 83 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2015.06.014 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CR5RF UT WOS:000361400900002 ER PT J AU Hoffmayer, ER Hendon, JM Parsons, GR Driggers, WB Campbell, MD AF Hoffmayer, Eric R. Hendon, Jill M. Parsons, Glenn R. Driggers, William B., III Campbell, Matthew D. TI A comparison of single and multiple stressor protocols to assess acute stress in a coastal shark species, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carcharhinidae; Glucose; Lactate; Osmolality; Hematocrit; Stress response ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; GILL-NET CAPTURE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; ACID-BASE; HANDLING STRESS; ION BALANCE; FISH; ELASMOBRANCH; MORTALITY AB Elasmobranch stress responses are traditionally measured in the field by either singly or serially sampling an animal after a physiologically stressful event. Although capture and handling techniques are effective at inducing a stress response, differences in protocols could affect the degree of stress experienced by an individual, making meaningful comparisons between the protocols difficult, if not impossible. This study acutely stressed Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, by standardized capture (rod and reel) and handling methods and implemented either a single or serial blood sampling protocol to monitor four indicators of the secondary stress response. Single-sampled sharks were hooked and allowed to swim around the boat until retrieved for a blood sample at either 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 min post-hooking. Serially sampled sharks were retrieved, phlebotomized, released while still hooked, and subsequently resampled at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min intervals post-hooking. Blood was analyzed for hematocrit, and plasma glucose, lactate, and osmolality levels. Although both single and serial sampling protocols resulted in an increase in glucose, no significant difference in glucose level was found between protocols. Serially sampled sharks exhibited cumulatively heightened levels for lactate and osmolality at all time intervals when compared to single-sampled animals at the same time. Maximal concentration differences of 217.5, 9.8, and 41.6 % were reported for lactate, osmolality, and glucose levels, respectively. Hematocrit increased significantly over time for the single sampling protocol but did not change significantly during the serial sampling protocol. The differences in resultant blood chemistry levels between implemented stress protocols and durations are significant and need to be considered when assessing stress in elasmobranchs. C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Parsons, Glenn R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Driggers, William B., III; Campbell, Matthew D.] Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Hendon, Jill M.] Univ So Mississippi, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service (MARFIN) [NA77FF0548] FX Financial support for this project was partially provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (MARFIN # NA77FF0548) to G. Parsons. Sampling protocols were approved by the University of Mississippi's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (# 99-006). This project would not have been possible without the help of many volunteers. We would like to thank J. Bartlett, J. Horton, K. Larsen, G. Gray, R. Hoffmayer, A. Lee, D. Drury, R. McCall, G. Zapfe, and W. Dempster for their assistance in the field. We also thank M.S. Peterson, J.S. Franks, and G. Pellegrin for their critical review and advice on this manuscript. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1260 DI 10.1007/s10695-015-0083-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA CR7OC UT WOS:000361539100013 PM 26026297 ER PT J AU Overland, J Francis, JA Hall, R Hanna, E Kim, SJ Vihma, T AF Overland, James Francis, Jennifer A. Hall, Richard Hanna, Edward Kim, Seong-Joong Vihma, Timo TI The Melting Arctic and Midlatitude Weather Patterns: Are They Connected? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Arctic Oscillation; Atmospheric circulation; Blocking; Teleconnections; Climate variability ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; JET-STREAM; INTRASEASONAL AMPLIFICATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BARENTS SEA; EAST-ASIA AB The potential of recent Arctic changes to influence hemispheric weather is a complex and controversial topic with considerable uncertainty, as time series of potential linkages are short (<10 yr) and understanding involves the relative contribution of direct forcing by Arctic changes on a chaotic climatic system. A way forward is through further investigation of atmospheric dynamic mechanisms. During several exceptionally warm Arctic winters since 2007, sea ice loss in the Barents and Kara Seas initiated eastward-propagating wave trains of high and low pressure. Anomalous high pressure east of the Ural Mountains advected Arctic air over central and eastern Asia, resulting in persistent cold spells. Blocking near Greenland related to low-level temperature anomalies led to northerly flow into eastern North America, inducing persistent cold periods. Potential Arctic connections in Europe are less clear. Variability in the North Pacific can reinforce downstream Arctic changes, and Arctic amplification can accentuate the impact of Pacific variability. The authors emphasize multiple linkage mechanisms that are regional, episodic, and based on amplification of existing jet stream wave patterns, which are the result of a combination of internal variability, lower-tropospheric temperature anomalies, and midlatitude teleconnections. The quantitative impact of Arctic change on midlatitude weather may not be resolved within the foreseeable future, yet new studies of the changing Arctic and subarctic low-frequency dynamics, together with additional Arctic observations, can contribute to improved skill in extended-range forecasts, as planned by the WMO Polar Prediction Project (PPP). C1 [Overland, James] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Francis, Jennifer A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Hall, Richard; Hanna, Edward] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Kim, Seong-Joong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Vihma, Timo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Overland, J (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Hanna, Edward/H-2219-2016 OI Hanna, Edward/0000-0002-8683-182X FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; Office of Naval Research; NSF/ARCSS [1304097]; University of Sheffield's Project Sunshine; Korea Polar Research Institute [PE15010]; Academy of Finland [259537] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This manuscript is a contribution to the Third International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP III), prepared with support from the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and WMO Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). Fig. 7 was generated using the Web-based Reanalysis Intercomparison Tool (WRIT). JEO is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office and by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322. JAF is supported by NSF/ARCSS Grant 1304097. RH and EH acknowledge support from the University of Sheffield's Project Sunshine. S-JK was supported by the project of Korea Polar Research Institute (PE15010), and TV was supported by the Academy of Finland (Contract 259537). S-JK appreciates Dr. Sung-Ho Woo in POSTECH for providing cold surge data. We appreciate discussions with many colleagues on these issues and the support of international organizations for hosting productive workshops: IASC, CliC, WMO PPP, NOAA, and NAS Polar Research Board. NR 87 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 20 BP 7917 EP 7932 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00822.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2VF UT WOS:000362661800001 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Xie, SP Wu, LX Kosaka, Y Lau, NC Vecchi, GA AF Yang, Yun Xie, Shang-Ping Wu, Lixin Kosaka, Yu Lau, Ngar-Cheung Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Seasonality and Predictability of the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode: ENSO Forcing and Internal Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; ENSO; Interannual variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COUPLED GCM; PART I; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; ZONAL MODE; ATMOSPHERE AB This study evaluates the relative contributions to the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode of interannual variability from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing and ocean-atmosphere feedbacks internal to the Indian Ocean. The ENSO forcing and internal variability is extracted by conducting a 10-member coupled simulation for 1950-2012 where sea surface temperature (SST) is restored to the observed anomalies over the tropical Pacific but interactive with the atmosphere over the rest of the World Ocean. In these experiments, the ensemble mean is due to ENSO forcing and the intermember difference arises from internal variability of the climate system independent of ENSO. These elements contribute one-third and two-thirds of the total IOD variance, respectively. Both types of IOD variability develop into an east-west dipole pattern because of Bjerknes feedback and peak in September-November. The ENSO forced and internal IOD modes differ in several important ways. The forced IOD mode develops in August with a broad meridional pattern and eventually evolves into the Indian Ocean basin mode, while the internal IOD mode grows earlier in June, is more confined to the equator, and decays rapidly after October. The internal IOD mode is more skewed than the ENSO forced response. The destructive interference of ENSO forcing and internal variability can explain early terminating IOD events, referred to as IOD-like perturbations that fail to grow during boreal summer. The results have implications for predictability. Internal variability, as represented by preseason sea surface height anomalies off Sumatra, contributes to predictability considerably. Including this indicator of internal variability, together with ENSO, improves the predictability of IOD. C1 [Yang, Yun; Xie, Shang-Ping; Wu, Lixin] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Yang, Yun; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Yang, Yun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yang, Yun] Joint Ctr Global Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kosaka, Yu] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Inst Environm Energy & Sustainabil, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog & Resource Management, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Xie, SP (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 206, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sxie@ucsd.edu RI Kosaka, Yu/C-2792-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955600]; China National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) Key Project [41130859]; NSFC Creative Group Project [40921004]; U.S. National Science Foundation; Chinese Scholarship Council [201306330025]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [15H05466] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955600), the China National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) Key Project (41130859), NSFC Creative Group Project (40921004), the U.S. National Science Foundation, a scholarship from the Chinese Scholarship Council to Yun Yang (201306330025), and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan through Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists to Yu Kosaka (15H05466). NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 28 IS 20 BP 8021 EP 8036 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0078.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2VF UT WOS:000362661800007 ER PT J AU East, AE Pess, GR Bountry, JA Magirl, CS Ritchie, AC Logan, JB Randle, TJ Mastin, MC Minear, JT Duda, JJ Liermann, MC McHenry, ML Beechie, TJ Shafroth, PB AF East, Amy E. Pess, George R. Bountry, Jennifer A. Magirl, Christopher S. Ritchie, Andrew C. Logan, Joshua B. Randle, Timothy J. Mastin, Mark C. Minear, Justin T. Duda, Jeffrey J. Liermann, Martin C. McHenry, Michael L. Beechie, Timothy J. Shafroth, Patrick B. TI Reprint of: Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: River channel and floodplain geomorphic change SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fluvial geomorphology; Dams; Dam removal; Channel evolution; Floodplain; Sediment wave ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETRY; FINE-SEDIMENT; LAND-USE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; GRAIN-SIZE; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SPAWNING GRAVELS; NUMERICAL-MODEL AB A substantial increase in fluvial sediment supply relative to transport capacity causes complex, large-magnitude changes in river and floodplain morphology downstream. Although sedimentary and geomorphic responses to sediment pulses are a fundamental part of landscape evolution, few opportunities exist to quantify those processes over field scales. We investigated the downstream effects of sediment released during the largest dam removal in history, on the Elwha River, Washington, USA, by measuring changes in riverbed elevation and topography, bed sediment grain size, and channel planform as two dams were removed in stages over two years. As 10.5 million t (7.1 million m(3)) of sediment was released from two former reservoirs, downstream dispersion of a sediment wave caused widespread bed aggradation of similar to 1 m (greater where pools filled), changed the river from pool-riffle to braided morphology, and decreased the slope of the lowermost river. The newly deposited sediment, which was finer than most of the pre-dam-removal bed, formed new bars (largely pebble, granule, and sand material), prompting aggradational channel avulsion that increased the channel braiding index by almost 50%. As a result of mainstem bed aggradation, floodplain channels received flow and accumulated new sediment even during low to moderate flow conditions. The river system showed a two- to tenfold greater geomorphic response to dam removal (in terms of bed elevation change magnitude) than it had to a 40-year flood event four years before dam removal. Two years after dam removal began, as the river had started to incise through deposits of the initial sediment wave, similar to 1.2 million t of new sediment (similar to 10% of the amount released from the two reservoirs) was stored along 18 river km of the mainstem channel and 25 km of floodplain channels. The Elwha River thus was able to transport most of the released sediment to the river mouth. The geomorphic alterations and changing bed sediment grain size along the Elwha River have important ecological implications, affecting aquatic habitat structure, benthic fauna, salmonid fish spawning and rearing potential, and riparian vegetation. The response of the river to dam removal represents a unique opportunity to observe and quantify fundamental geomorphic processes associated with a massive sediment influx, and also provides important lessons for future river-restoration endeavors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [East, Amy E.; Logan, Joshua B.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pess, George R.; Liermann, Martin C.; Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bountry, Jennifer A.; Randle, Timothy J.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Magirl, Christopher S.; Mastin, Mark C.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Ritchie, Andrew C.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Minear, Justin T.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP East, AE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM aeast@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549; Mastin, Mark/0000-0003-4018-7861 FU National Park Service; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Geological Survey; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was funded by the National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We acknowledge also valuable discussions among colleagues through the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group on dam removal (2013-2015). The use of trade and company names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. We thank A. Geffre, H. Hugunin, S. Kimbrel, J.T. Minear, K. Wille, and numerous volunteers for their contributions to fieldwork on the Elwha River and related data analysis. A. Tan processed sediment samples in the USGS sediment laboratory, Santa Cruz, CA. J.J. Major, L. Harrison, J.A. Warrick, G.R. Gelfenbaum, B. Free, J.E. O'Connor, J.W. Lauer, and V. Leung are thanked for discussions and comments on this manuscript. T.E. Lisle, MA Collins, one anonymous reviewer, and editor RA Marston provided thorough, constructive comments that improved the paper. NR 175 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 19 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 246 BP 687 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.04.027 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ8PA UT WOS:000360869400053 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Bountry, JA East, AE Magirl, CS Randle, TJ Gelfenbaum, G Ritchie, AC Pess, GR Leung, V Duda, JJ AF Warrick, Jonathan A. Bountry, Jennifer A. East, Amy E. Magirl, Christopher S. Randle, Timothy J. Gelfenbaum, Guy Ritchie, Andrew C. Pess, George R. Leung, Vivian Duda, Jeffrey J. TI Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dam removal; Sediment budget; River restoration; Elwha River; Sediment wave ID CHANGJIANG YANGTZE-RIVER; 3 GORGES DAM; CHANNEL RESPONSE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; DOWNSTREAM; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; EROSION; WAVE; RETENTION AB Understanding landscape responses to sediment supply changes constitutes a fundamental part of many problems in geomorphology, but opportunities to study such processes at field scales are rare. The phased removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington, exposed 21 +/- 3 million m(3), or similar to 30 million tonnes (t), of sediment that had been deposited in the two former reservoirs, allowing a comprehensive investigation of watershed and coastal responses to a substantial increase in sediment supply. Here we provide a source-to-sink sediment budget of this sediment release during the first two years of the project (September 2011-September 2013) and synthesize the geomorphic changes that occurred to downstream fluvial and coastal landforms. Owing to the phased removal of each dam, the release of sediment to the river was a function of the amount of dam structure removed, the progradation of reservoir delta sediments, exposure of more cohesive lakebed sediment, and the hydrologic conditions of the river. The greatest downstream geomorphic effects were observed after water bodies of both reservoirs were fully drained and fine (silt and clay) and coarse (sand and gravel) sediments were spilling past the former dam sites. After both dams were spilling fine and coarse sediments, river suspended-sediment concentrations were commonly several thousand mg/L with similar to 50% sand during moderate and high river flow. At the same time, a sand and gravel sediment wave dispersed down the river channel, filling channel pools and floodplain channels, aggrading much of the river channel by similar to 1 m, reducing river channel sediment grain sizes by similar to 16-fold, and depositing similar to 2.2 million m(3) of sand and gravel on the seafloor offshore of the river mouth. The total sediment budget during the first two years revealed that the vast majority (similar to 90%) of the sediment released from the former reservoirs to the river passed through the fluvial system and was discharged to the coastal waters, where slightly less than half of the sediment was deposited in the river-mouth delta. Although most of the measured fluvial and coastal deposition was sand-sized and coarser (>0.063 mm), significant mud deposition was observed in and around the mainstem river channel and on the seafloor. Woody debris, ranging from millimeter-size particles to old-growth trees and stumps, was also introduced to fluvial and coastal landforms during the dam removals. At the end of our two-year study, Elwha Dam was completely removed, Glines Canyon Dam had been 75% removed (full removal was completed 2014), and similar to 65% of the combined reservoir sediment masses including similar to 8 Mt of fine-grained and similar to 12 Mt of coarse-grained sediment remained within the former reservoirs. Reservoir sediment will continue to be released to the Elwha River following our two-year study owing to a similar to 16 m base level drop during the final removal of Glines Canyon Dam and to erosion from floods with larger magnitudes than occurred during our study. Comparisons with a geomorphic synthesis of small dam removals suggest that the rate of sediment erosion as a percent of storage was greater in the Elwha River during the first two years of the project than in the other systems. Comparisons with other Pacific Northwest dam removals suggest that these steep, high-energy rivers have enough stream power to export volumes of sediment deposited over several decades in only months to a few years. These results should assist with predicting and characterizing landscape responses to future dam removals and other perturbations to fluvial and coastal sediment budgets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Warrick, Jonathan A.; East, Amy E.; Gelfenbaum, Guy] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bountry, Jennifer A.; Randle, Timothy J.] US Bur Reclamat, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Magirl, Christopher S.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Ritchie, Andrew C.] Natl Pk Serv, Port Angeles, WA USA. [Pess, George R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Leung, Vivian] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jwarrick@usgs.gov RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009; OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634; East, Amy/0000-0002-9567-9460; Magirl, Christopher/0000-0002-9922-6549 FU USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program; USGS Ecosystems Mission Area; National Park Service; Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Puget Sound Partnership; NSF GRFP [DGE-0718124, DGE-1256082]; University of Washington of Earth and Space Sciences; Quaternary Research Center; Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe FX This paper was derived from four companion papers, and many of the co-authors of these papers are thanked for assistance: T.J. Beechie, CA. Curran, M. Domanski, E. Eidam, J. R. Foreman, R.C. Hilldale, M.C. Liermann, J.B. Logan, M.C. Mastin, M.L. McHenry, I.M. Miller, AS. Ogston, A.W. Stevens, T. D. Straub, and KB. Witte. Special thanks are given to I.M. Miller, M. Beirne, and G. Clinton for providing data, analyses, and assistance. This work was supported by grants and assistance from: USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program, USGS Ecosystems Mission Area, National Park Service, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Puget Sound Partnership, NSF GRFP (DGE-0718124 and DGE-1256082), University of Washington of Earth and Space Sciences, Quaternary Research Center, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. We also acknowledge the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group on dam removal for contributing to the ideas behind this work. Four anonymous reviewers helped revise the presentation and discussion of data. NR 110 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 246 BP 729 EP 750 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CQ8PA UT WOS:000360869400055 ER PT J AU DiBattista, JD Waldrop, E Rocha, LA Craig, MT Berumen, ML Bowen, BW AF DiBattista, Joseph D. Waldrop, Ellen Rocha, Luiz A. Craig, Matthew T. Berumen, Michael L. Bowen, Brian W. TI Blinded by the bright: a lack of congruence between colour morphs, phylogeography and taxonomy for a cosmopolitan Indo-Pacific butterflyfish, Chaetodon auriga SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef fish; marine biogeography; microsatellite; mitochondrial DNA; population expansion time; subspecies ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; RED-SEA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SPECIES COMPLEX; GENUS-CHAETODON; CONNECTIVITY; PATTERNS AB AimWe assess genetic differentiation among biogeographical provinces and colour morphs of the threadfin butterflyfish, Chaetodon auriga. This species is among the most broadly distributed butterflyfishes in the world, occurring on reefs from the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean to French Polynesia and Hawai'i. The Red Sea form lacks a conspicuous eye-spot' on the dorsal fin, which may indicate an evolutionary distinction. LocationRed Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. MethodsSpecimens were obtained at 17 locations (n=358) spanning the entire range of this species. The genetic data included 669 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b and allele frequencies at six microsatellite loci. Analysis of molecular variance, structure plots, haplotype networks and estimates of population expansion time were used to assess phylogeographical patterns. ResultsPopulation structure was low overall, but significant and concordant between molecular markers (mtDNA: (ST)=0.027, P<0.001; microsatellites: F-ST=0.023, P<0.001). Significant population-level partitions were only detected at peripheral locations including the Red Sea and Hawai'i. Population expansion events in the Red Sea and Socotra are older (111,940-223,881years) relative to all other sites (16,343-87,910years). Main conclusionsWe find little genetic evidence to support an evolutionary partition of a previously proposed Red Sea subspecies. The oldest estimate of population expansion in the Red Sea and adjacent Gulf of Aden indicates a putative refuge in this region during Pleistocene glacial cycles. The finding of population separations at the limits of the range, in the Red Sea and Hawai'i, is consistent with peripheral speciation. C1 [DiBattista, Joseph D.; Berumen, Michael L.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [DiBattista, Joseph D.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Waldrop, Ellen; Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Rocha, Luiz A.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP DiBattista, JD (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, POB U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM josephdibattista@gmail.com RI Berumen, Michael/F-7745-2011 OI Berumen, Michael/0000-0003-2463-2742 FU NSF [OCE-0929031]; NOAA MOA [2005-008/66882]; HIMB-NWHI NMSP MOA [2005-008/6682]; KAUST Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF) [CRG-1-2012-BER-002]; baseline research funds; National Geographic Society Grant [9024-11]; NSERC postgraduate fellowship FX This research was supported by NSF grant OCE-0929031 to B.W.B., NOAA MOA No. 2005-008/66882 to R. Toonen, HIMB-NWHI NMSP MOA 2005-008/6682 to M.T.C., the KAUST Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF) under Award No. CRG-1-2012-BER-002 and baseline research funds to M.L.B., a National Geographic Society Grant 9024-11 to J.D.D. and by an NSERC postgraduate fellowship to J.D.D. For specimen collections we thank A. Alexander, T. Alpermann, K. Andersen, P. Barber, C. Braun, R. Coleman, G. Concepcion, A. Connell, T. Daly-Engel, J. Drew, J. Earle, J. Eble, K. Flanagan, M. Gaither, B. Greene, M. Iacchei, S. Jones, S. Karl, R. Kosaki, C. Meyer, G. Nanninga, Y. Papastamatiou, D. Pence, M. Priest, J. Puritz, R. Pyle, J. Reece, D. Robertson, P. Saenz-Agudelo, D. Smith, Z. Szabo, T. Sinclair-Taylor, K. Tenggardjaja, B. Walsh, D. Wegner, I. Willliams, J. Zamzow, the crew of the RV Hi'ialakai and members of the Reef Ecology Lab at KAUST. We thank Sue Taei at Conservation International, Graham Wragg of the RV Bounty Bay, the Government of Kiribati, including Tukabu Teroroko and the Phoenix Island Protected Area. For support in Socotra, we thank the Ministry of Water and Environment of Yemen, staff at the EPA Socotra, and especially Salah Saeed Ahmed, Fouad Naseeb, and Thabet Abdullah Khamis, as well as Ahmed Issa Ali Affrar for handling general logistics. We thank Frederic Ramahatratra and le Ministere de la Peche et des Resources Halieutiques for providing samples from Madagascar. For logistic support elsewhere, we thank Eric Mason at Dream Divers, David Pence, Robert Toonen, Serges Planes, Ben Victor, the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, the Coral Reef Research Foundation and the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, the Nature Conservancy in Palmyra, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, members of the ToBo lab, the Administration of the British Indian Ocean Territory and Charles Sheppard and the KAUST Coastal and Marine Resources Core Lab along with Amr Gusti. We also thank P. Saenz-Agudelo and S. Montanari for their assistance with DAPC analysis, T. Sinclair-Taylor for his assistance with figures, and the Center for Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics at the University of Hawai'i (Manoa Campus). Thanks to the editor Gustav Paulay and two anonymous referees for comments that improved the manuscript. This is contribution no. 1627 from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology and no. 9437 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1919 EP 1929 DI 10.1111/jbi.12572 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA CR2SX UT WOS:000361181900011 ER PT J AU Holland, DS da Silva, PP Kitts, AW AF Holland, Daniel S. da Silva, Patricia Pinto Kitts, Andrew W. TI Evolution of Social Capital and Economic Performance in New England Harvest Cooperatives SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Social capital; cooperatives; co-management; fishery ID FISHERIES; RESOURCES AB In 2010 a new management system based on harvest cooperatives called "sectors" was implemented in the US Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Fishery. We hypothesize that success of individual sectors might depend on their social capital. Sector members were surveyed prior to the implementation of the policy to develop baseline measures of social capital for each sector and again after the sectors had been operating for three years. We construct indices of bonding, bridging and linking social capital, information sharing, and trust and explore how these indicators of social capital have changed since the implementation of the sector program. We also evaluate the relationship between these social capital indicators and various measures of economic performance of sectors. The result suggests that the relationship between social capital and economic performance has strengthened over time. Profitability is associated with broader community and fishery-wide connections as well as bonding social capital within sectors. C1 [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [da Silva, Patricia Pinto; Kitts, Andrew W.] NOAA, Social Sci Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dan.holland@noaa.gov; patricia.pinto.da.silva@noaa.gov; andrew.kitts@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 371 EP 392 DI 10.1086/682153 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA CQ9HD UT WOS:000360923400002 ER PT J AU Li, D Katul, G Bou-Zeid, E AF Li, Dan Katul, Gabriel G. Bou-Zeid, Elie TI Turbulent Energy Spectra and Cospectra of Momentum and Heat Fluxes in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cospectra; Energy spectra; Flux Richardson number; Gradient Richardson number; Kolmogorov's theory; Stable atmospheric surface layer; Turbulent Prandtl number ID STRATIFIED GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS; CRITICAL RICHARDSON-NUMBER; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMIC SUBLAYER; CANOPY SUBLAYER; PRANDTL NUMBER; CLOSURE-MODEL; SCALING LAWS; SIMILARITY AB The turbulent energy spectra and cospectra of momentum and sensible heat fluxes are examined theoretically and experimentally with increasing flux Richardson number () in the stable atmospheric surface layer. A cospectral budget model, previously used to explain the bulk relation between the turbulent Prandtl number () and the gradient Richardson number () as well as the relation between and , is employed to interpret field measurements over a lake and a glacier. The shapes of the vertical velocity and temperature spectra, needed for closing the cospectral budget model, are first examined with increasing . In addition, the wavenumber-dependent relaxation time scales for momentum and heat fluxes are inferred from the cospectral budgets and investigated. Using experimental data and proposed extensions to the cospectral budget model, the existence of a '' power-law scaling in the temperature spectra but its absence from the vertical velocity spectra is shown to reduce the magnitude of the maximum flux Richardson number (), which is commonly inferred from the Rf-Ri relation when becomes very large (idealized with ). Moreover, dissimilarity in relaxation time scales between momentum and heat fluxes, also affected by the existence of the '' power-law scaling in the temperature spectra, leads to under near-neutral conditions. It is further shown that the production rate of turbulent kinetic energy decreases more rapidly than that of turbulent potential energy as , which explains the observed disappearance of the inertial subrange in the vertical velocity spectra at a smaller as compared to its counterpart in the temperature spectra. These results further demonstrate novel linkages between the scale-wise turbulent kinetic energy and potential energy distributions and macroscopic relations such as stability correction functions to the mean flow and the -Ri relation. C1 [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Katul, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Katul, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693 FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP; National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR-1344703, NSF-AGS-1102227]; United States Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30222]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program [DE-SC0006967, DE-SC0011461]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4374-11C]; NSF's Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program [AGS-1026636] FX DL acknowledges support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) Grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce or BP. GK acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-1344703, NSF-AGS-1102227), the United States Department of Agriculture (2011-67003-30222), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program (DE-SC0006967 and DE-SC0011461), and the Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund (IS-4374-11C). EBZ acknowledges support from NSF's Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program under AGS-1026636. The experimental data were collected by the Environmental Fluid Mechanics and Hydrology Laboratory of Professor Marc Parlange at L'Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 157 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s10546-015-0048-2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ5TP UT WOS:000360668900001 ER PT J AU Sun, K Li, D Tao, L Zhao, ZK Zondlo, MA AF Sun, Kang Li, Dan Tao, Lei Zhao, Zhongkuo Zondlo, Mark A. TI Quantifying the Influence of Random Errors in Turbulence Measurements on Scalar Similarity in the Atmospheric Surface Layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy-covariance fluxes; Flux-variance relationship; Monin-Obukhov similarity; Random errors; Scalar similarity ID FLUX-VARIANCE METHOD; TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY CORRELATION; WATER-VAPOR; PINE FOREST; OPEN-PATH; TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY; NONUNIFORM TERRAIN; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT AB The influence of random errors in turbulence measurements on scalar similarity for temperature, water vapour, , and is investigated using two eddy-covariance datasets collected over a lake and a cattle feedlot. Three measures of scalar similarity, namely, the similarity constant in the flux-variance relationship, the correlation coefficient between two scalars and the relative transport efficiency, are examined. The uncertainty in the similarity constant in the flux-variance relationship resulting from random errors in turbulence measurements is quantified based on error propagation analyses and a Monte-Carlo sampling method, which yields a distribution instead of a single value for . For different scalars, the distributions of are found to significantly overlap, implying that scalars are transported similarly under strongly unstable conditions. The random errors in the correlation coefficients between scalars and the relative transport efficiencies are also quantified through error propagation analyses, and they increase as the atmosphere departs from neutral conditions. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between three scalars (water vapour, , and ) are statistically different from unity while the relative transport efficiencies are not, which highlights the difference between these two measures of scalar similarity. The results suggest that uncertainties in these measures of scalar similarity need to be quantified when using them to diagnose the existence of dissimilarity among different scalars. C1 [Sun, Kang; Tao, Lei; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sun, Kang; Tao, Lei; Zondlo, Mark A.] NSF ERC, Ctr Midinfrared Technol Hlth & Environm, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhao, Zhongkuo] China Meteorol Adm, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Reg Numer Weather Predict, Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Zhongkuo] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 FU Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environment (MIRTHE) under National Science Foundation [EEC-0540832]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NN12AN64H]; NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - British Petroleum; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010403] FX The authors acknowledge the research group of Azer Yalin at Colorado State University for providing laboratory space and Jay Ham, Kira Shonkwiler, Christina Nash for the set-up and operation of the tower at the feedlot site. The feedlot work was supported by the Center for Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environment (MIRTHE) under National Science Foundation Grant No. EEC-0540832. Kang Sun acknowledges support by a NASA Eart