FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cui, YJ Li, B He, HJ Zhou, W Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Cui, Yuanjing Li, Bin He, Huajun Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platforms for Functional Materials SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; HIGH METHANE STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SMALL MOLECULES; EFFICIENT; CAPTURE; DYE; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE AB Discoveries of novel functional materials have played very important roles to the development of science and technologies and thus to benefit our daily life. Among the diverse materials, metal organic framework (MOF) materials are rapidly emerging as a unique type of porous and organic/inorganic hybrid materials which can be simply self-assembled from their corresponding inorganic metal ions/clusters with organic linkers, and can be straightforwardly characterized by various analytical methods. In terms of porosity, they are superior to other well-known porous materials such as zeolites and carbon materials; exhibiting extremely high porosity with surface area up to 7000 m(2)/g, tunable pore sizes, and metrics through the interplay of both organic and inorganic components with the pore sizes ranging from 3 to 100 A, and lowest framework density down to 0.13 g/cm(3). Such unique features have enabled metal organic frameworks to exhibit great potentials for a broad range of applications in gas storage, gas separations, enantioselective separations, heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensing and drug delivery. On the other hand, metal organic frameworks can be also considered as organic/inorganic self-assembled hybrid materials, we can take advantages of the physical and chemical properties of both organic and inorganic components to develop their functional optical, photonic, and magnetic materials. Furthermore, the pores within MOFs can also be utilized to encapsulate a large number of different species of diverse functions, so a variety of functional MOF/composite materials can be readily synthesized. In this Account, we describe our recent research progress on pore and function engineering to develop functional MOF materials. We have been able to tune and optimize pore spaces, immobilize specific functional groups, and introduce chiral pore environments to target MOF materials for methane storage, light hydrocarbon separations, enantioselective recognitions, carbon dioxide capture, and separations. The intrinsic optical and photonic properties of metal ions and organic ligands, and guest molecules and/or ions can be collaboratively assembled and/or encapsulated into their frameworks, so we have realized a series of novel MOF materials as ratiometric luminescent thermometers, O-2 sensors, white-light-emitting materials, nonlinear optical materials, two-photon pumped lasing materials, and two-photon responsive materials for 3D patterning and data storage. Thanks to the interplay of the dual functionalities of metal-organic frameworks (the inherent porosity, and the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of inorganic and organic building blocks and encapsulated guest species), our research efforts have led to the development of functional MOF materials beyond our initial imaginations. C1 [Cui, Yuanjing; He, Huajun; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Bin; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, BL; Qian, GD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Cui, Yuanjing/D-3816-2011; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51272229, 51272231, 51229201, 51472217, 51432001]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR13E020001, LZ15E020001]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1407443] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51272229, 51272231, 51229201, 51472217, and 51432001), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. LR13E020001 and LZ15E020001), Welch Foundation (AX-1730), and National Science Foundation (ECCS-1407443). NR 50 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 455 U2 895 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 EI 1520-4898 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 49 IS 3 BP 483 EP 493 DI 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00530 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG9GV UT WOS:000372391700014 PM 26878085 ER PT J AU Mondal, T Ashkar, R Butler, P Bhowmick, AK Krishnamoorti, R AF Mondal, Titash Ashkar, Rana Butler, Paul Bhowmick, Anil K. Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Graphene Nanocomposites with High Molecular Weight Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Grafts: Controlled Synthesis and Accelerated Crystallization SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER; OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGIES; NANOSHEETS; GRAPHITE; KINETICS AB Grafting of high molecular weight polymers to graphitic nanoplatelets is a critical step toward the development of high performance graphene nanocomposites. However, designing such a grafting route has remained a major impediment. Herein, we report a "grafting to" synthetic pathway by which high molecular weight polymer, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), is tethered, at high grafting density, to highly anisotropic graphitic nanoplatelets. The efficacy of this tethering route and the resultant structural arrangements within the composite are confirmed by neutron and X-ray scattering measurements in the melt and solution phase. In the semicrystalline state, Xray analysis indicates that chain tethering onto the graphitic nanoplatelets results in conformational changes of the polymer chains, which enhance the nucleation process and aid formation of PCL crystallites. This is corroborated by the superior thermal properties of the composite, manifested in accelerated crystallization kinetics and a significant increase in the thermal degradation temperature. In principle, this synthesis route can be extended to a variety of high molecular weight polymers, which can open new avenues to solution-based processing of graphitic nanomaterials and the fabrication of complex 3D patterned graphitic nanocomposites. C1 [Mondal, Titash] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Patna 800013, Bihar, India. [Mondal, Titash; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Mondal, Titash; Bhowmick, Anil K.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Rubber Technol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.; Bhowmick, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Rubber Technol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. EM anilkb@rtc.iitkgp.ernet.in; ramanan@uh.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X; FU U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF; from Fundamentals to Applications of Nanoparticle Assemblies) [32-2012/2013-14]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge the help of Dr. Viktor Hadjiev (Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston) in the Raman spectroscopy measurements. The authors also thank Dr. David Mildner and Dr. Markus Bleuel for their help with the USANS experiments. T.M., A.K.B., and R.K. gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Indo U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF; from Fundamentals to Applications of Nanoparticle Assemblies//32-2012/2013-14). T.M. and A.K.B also acknowledge the partial support of Central Research, Bridgestone Corporation, Japan. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0944772. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 5 IS 3 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5600930 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DG9IL UT WOS:000372395900004 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TM Pettibone, JM Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Nguyen, Thao M. Pettibone, John M. Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI In situ monitoring, separation, and characterization of gold nanorod transformation during seed-mediated synthesis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Field flow fractionation; Gold nanorod; Nanomanufacturing; Nanomaterial; Seed-mediated growth; Separation; Transformation ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; UV-VIS DETECTION; NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; MECHANISM; SHAPE; SIZE; PARTICLES AB The control of gold nanorod (GNR) solution-based syntheses has been hindered in part by the inability to examine and control the conversion of precursor seed populations to anisotropic materials, which have resulted in low yields of desired products and limited their commercial viability. The advantages offered by tandem separation and characterization methods utilizing asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) are principally achieved as a result of their non-disruptive nature (minimizing artefacts), fast throughput, and in-situ analysis. With hyphenated A4F methods, resolved populations of seeds and secondary products, up to long aspect ratio rods, have been achieved and exemplify progress towards elucidating mechanistic aspects of formation and thus rational design. While there have been previously reported studies on A4F separation of GNRs, to our knowledge, this is the first published investigation of in situ GNR growth, separation, and characterization based on A4F, where its utilization in this capacity goes beyond traditional separation analysis. By using hydroquinone as the reducing agent, the conversion of the initial seed population to a distribution of products, including the GNRs, could be monitored in real time using A4F hyphenated with a diode array detector. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the number of peaks observed during fractionation corresponds with size and shape dispersity. This proof-of-principle study introduces A4F as a technique that establishes a foundation for future mechanistic studies on the growth of GNRs from gold seeds, including conversion of the seed population to initial products, a topic highly relevant to advancing progress in nanomanufacturing. C1 [Nguyen, Thao M.; Pettibone, John M.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, Thao M.] ANSER, 5727 Leesburg Pike N-5000, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. [Gigault, Julien] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Phys & Tox Chim Environm, 351 Cours Liberat, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov FU NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program FX Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and funded in part by the NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 408 IS 9 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9366-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DH2FC UT WOS:000372598600002 PM 26873210 ER PT J AU Hsu, CM AF Hsu, Chengmin TI Development of a Framework for Predicting Incident Probabilities of All Terrain Vehicle Use Across a Semi-Arid Landscape SO APPLIED SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE All-terrain vehicle; Trail detection; GIS structured query language; Object-based remote sensing; Logistic regression analysis ID HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; RANGELAND; MODELS; SCALE; MANAGEMENT; TRAILS AB Recreational All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) activities can fulfill people's needs in physical, mental, and spiritual well-being, as well as provide significant economic contributions to local jurisdictions. Nevertheless, ATV use creates multiple environmental issues ranging from air and water pollution to soil erosion. Accurately forecasting the incidence locations of ATV activities helps to form the foundation for robust environmental management and conservation intervention. However, drivers' behavioral patterns have rarely been investigated within a geospatial context to enhance forecasting ability. This paper presents a novel process for estimating occurrence probability of ATV activities in a landscape near Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA, based on a 5 m-resolution web that unifies information extracted from the applications of remote sensing and GIS technologies. The model is composed of three major aspects: object-based classification and validation for the generation of the trail inventory, parameterization, and logistic regression analysis. Rider behavioral patterns were parameterized by quantifying the relationship embedded in the interactions between riders and the terrain. The model outcomes were then analyzed to portray riding patterns in responding to landscape features. The analyses demonstrated that the involvement of riding patterns, such as tailing of ridge branches and previous disturbances, generated significant results. The application of the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUROC) validation technique results in an accuracy value greater than 0.8. Accurately foreseeing the spatial distribution of possible newly formed places for ATV activities will facilitate the inauguration of sound recreational policies, which in turn reduces ATV impacts on environments and retains welfare of non-motorized tourists. C1 [Hsu, Chengmin] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hsu, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab,Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chengmin.hsu@noaa.gov FU University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus; Wyss Foundation FX We thank University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus and the Wyss Foundation for their support of this work. We thank Jessica Hernandez for creating two geomorphologic variables and Daryoosh Ardalan for composing the map of the study site. We also greatly appreciate the constructive suggestions of the two anonymous reviewers. Finally, special thanks go to Dr. Brian Muller, who provided valuable advice on the research direction. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-463X EI 1874-4621 J9 APPL SPAT ANAL POLIC JI Appl. Spat. Anal. Policy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 55 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s12061-014-9129-8 PG 21 WC Geography SC Geography GA DG8IL UT WOS:000372327000004 ER PT J AU Dols, WS Emmerich, SJ Polidoro, BJ AF Dols, W. Stuart Emmerich, Steven J. Polidoro, Brian J. TI Using coupled energy, airflow and indoor air quality software (TRNSYS/CONTAM) to evaluate building ventilation strategies SO BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Airflow modeling; CONTAM; contaminant transport; coupled models; energy modeling; multizone modeling; TRNSYS ID NATURAL VENTILATION AB Building energy analysis tools are available in many forms that provide the ability to address a broad spectrum of energy-related issues in various combinations. Often these tools operate in isolation from one another, making it difficult to evaluate the interactions between related phenomena and interacting systems, forcing oversimplified assumptions to be made about various phenomena that could otherwise be addressed directly with another tool. One example of such interdependence is the interaction between heat transfer, inter-zone airflow, and indoor contaminant transport. To better address these interdependencies, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed an updated version of the multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling tool, CONTAM, along with a set of utilities to enable coupling of the full CONTAM model with the TRNSYS simulation tool in a more seamless manner and with additional capabilities that were previously not available. This article provides an overview of these new capabilities and applies them to simulating a medium-size office building. These simulations address the interaction between whole-building energy, airflow, and contaminant transport in evaluating various ventilation strategies including natural and demand-controlled ventilation. Practical application: CONTAM has been in practical use for many years allowing building designers, as well as indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation system analysts, to simulate the complex interactions between building physical layout and HVAC system configuration in determining building airflow and contaminant transport. It has been widely used to design and analyze smoke management systems and evaluate building performance in response to chemical, biological, and radiological events. While CONTAM has been used to address design and performance of buildings implementing energy conserving ventilation systems, e.g. natural and hybrid, this new coupled simulation capability will enable users to apply the tool to couple CONTAM with existing energy analysis software to address the interaction between IAQ considerations and energy conservation measures in building design and analysis. This article presents two practical case studies using the coupled modeling tool to evaluate IAQ performance of a CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation system under different levels of building envelope air tightness and the design and analysis of a natural ventilation system. C1 [Dols, W. Stuart; Emmerich, Steven J.; Polidoro, Brian J.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dols, WS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.dols@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0143-6244 EI 1477-0849 J9 BUILD SERV ENG RES T JI Build Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 2 SI SI BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1177/0143624415619464 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA DH1BV UT WOS:000372520300005 PM 27099405 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composition of the C-6+ Fraction of Natural Gas by Multiple Porous Layer Open Tubular Capillaries Maintained at Low Temperatures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA PLOT COLUMN; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; CRYOADSORPTION; BASIN; WATER; FIELD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORIGIN AB As the sources of natural gas become more diverse, the trace constituents of the C-6+ fraction are of increasing interest. Analysis of fuel gas (including natural gas) for compounds with more than six carbon atoms (the C-6+ fraction) has historically been complex and expensive. Hence, this is a procedure that is used most often in troubleshooting rather than for day-to-day operations. The C-6+ fraction affects gas quality issues and safety considerations, such as anomalies associated with odorization. Recent advances in dynamic headspace vapor collection can be applied to this analysis and provide a faster, less complex alternative for compositional determination of the C-6+ fraction of natural gas. Porous layer open tubular capillaries maintained at low temperatures (PLOT-cryo) form the basis of a dynamic headspace sampling method that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initially for explosives in 2009. This method has been recently advanced by the combining of multiple PLOT capillary traps into one "bundle" or wafer, resulting in a device that allows for the rapid trapping of relatively large amounts of analyte. In this study, natural gas analytes were collected by flowing natural gas from the laboratory (gas out of the wall) or a prepared surrogate gas flowing through a chilled wafer. The analytes were then removed from the PLOT-cryo wafer by thermal desorption and subsequent flushing of the wafer with helium. Gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) was then used to identify the analytes. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) FX Jessica L. Burger acknowledges Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) support for research performed at NIST Boulder for this work. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 3 BP 2119 EP 2126 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00043 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DH1RO UT WOS:000372562800066 ER PT J AU Curtis, CD Yeary, M Lake, JL AF Curtis, Christopher D. Yeary, Mark Lake, John L. TI Adaptive Nullforming to Mitigate Ground Clutter on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Array signal processing; meteorological radar; phased arrays; radar clutter AB With the decreasing cost of phased array antennas, their use for weather surveillance is becoming more practical. A significant advantage of phased arrays that can be applied to weather surveillance is spatial filtering. Using adaptive nullforming to spatially filter clutter is a novel approach to clutter mitigation, which is not possible with conventional parabolic reflector antennas. Moreover, spatial filtering is also applicable to phased-array-specific techniques such as beam multiplexing and adaptive scanning when only a few pulses are available for processing; this situation is particularly challenging for conventional ground clutter filters. The National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (NWRT PAR) provides an opportunity to test some of these new capabilities. In this paper, a linearly constrained minimum power algorithm with an additional quadratic constraint is applied to weather data collected using the NWRT PAR and its multichannel receiver. Both the original algorithm and a recursive least squares version are utilized to show reflectivity and velocity data where both weather and ground clutter are present. Doppler spectra from selected range gates are examined to illustrate the performance of adaptive nullforming. Issues such as the number of samples needed to estimate the covariance matrix are explored. As far as we know, this is the first time that these types of techniques have been used to mitigate ground clutter contamination on a weather surveillance radar. C1 [Curtis, Christopher D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Curtis, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Lake, John L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Lake, John L.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Curtis, CD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Curtis, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Yeary, M; Lake, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Yeary, M; Lake, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Chris.Curtis@noaa.gov; yeary@ou.edu; john.lannie.lake@gmail.com FU NOAA NSSL; Tri-Agencies' (Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Transportation) Radar Operations Center; U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research; Lockheed Martin Corporation; University of Oklahoma's Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; University of Oklahoma's School of Meteorology; Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; Federal Aviation Administration's William J. Hughes Technical Center; Basic Commerce and Industries, Inc. FX The NWRT PAR is a collaborative government-university-industry venture supported by the following participants: NOAA NSSL; the Tri-Agencies' (Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Transportation) Radar Operations Center; the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research; Lockheed Martin Corporation; The University of Oklahoma's Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and School of Meteorology; the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; the Federal Aviation Administration's William J. Hughes Technical Center; and Basic Commerce and Industries, Inc. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1282 EP 1291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2477300 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DG8YL UT WOS:000372369400004 ER PT J AU Chen, M Weng, FZ AF Chen, Ming Weng, Fuzhong TI Modeling Land Surface Roughness Effect on Soil Microwave Emission in Community Surface Emissivity Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperbolic tangent (tanh)-based model; microwave remote sensing; rough surface scattering; roughness reflectivity; sigmoid function ID SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; L-BAND; BARE FIELD; SCATTERING; MOISTURE; PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATIONS; EVOLUTION; GHZ AB Soil surface roughness is a crucial factor affecting the land surface microwave emissivity. Presented in this paper is a semiempirical model that analytically accounts for both roughness attenuation and cross-polarization-mixing effects in the frequency range of 1-100 GHz. The model is based on the finite linear superposition of hyperbolic tangent (tanh) functions over the normalized surface roughness and radiative parameter space, which proves to be very flexible and efficient in handling the distinct asymptotic features of roughness effects at the low-frequency end and high-frequency end and the nonlinear structure in between. The model performance was analyzed with the ground-based reflectivity measurements collected from different sources. In comparison with the existing semiempirical models in the literature, the new tanh-based roughness model demonstrated higher accuracy and consistent performance in the frequency range of 1.4-100 GHz and 0 degrees similar to 60 degrees incident angles. C1 [Chen, Ming; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv,Joint Ctr Satellite Data Ass, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv,Joint Ctr Satellite Data Ass, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ming.Chen@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1716 EP 1726 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2487885 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DG8YL UT WOS:000372369400037 ER PT J AU Zhu, BH Rasmussen, JC Litorja, M Sevick-Muraca, EM AF Zhu, Banghe Rasmussen, John C. Litorja, Maritoni Sevick-Muraca, Eva M. TI Determining the Performance of Fluorescence Molecular Imaging Devices Using Traceable Working Standards With SI Units of Radiance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Molecular and cellular imaging; optical imaging; evaluation and performance; system design; validation ID INDOCYANINE GREEN; SURGERY; CONTRAST AB To date, no emerging preclinical or clinical near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging devices for noninvasive and/or surgical guidance have their performances validated on working standards with SI units of radiance that enable comparison or quantitative quality assurance. In this work, we developed and deployed a methodology to calibrate a stable, solid phantom for emission radiance with International System of Units (SI) units of for use in characterizing the measurement sensitivity of ICCD and IsCMOS detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast. In addition, at calibrated radiances, we assess transverse and lateral resolution of ICCD and IsCMOS camera systems. The methodology allowed demonstration of superior SNR of the ICCD over the IsCMOS technology and superior resolution of the IsCMOS over the ICCD approach. Contrast depended upon the camera settings (binning and integration time) and gain of intensifier. Finally, because the architecture of CMOS and CCD camera systems results in vastly different performance, we comment on the utility of these technologies for small animal imaging as well as clinical applications for noninvasive and surgical guidance. C1 [Zhu, Banghe; Rasmussen, John C.; Sevick-Muraca, Eva M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Brown Fdn, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Litorja, Maritoni] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sevick-Muraca, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Brown Fdn, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM banghe.zhu@uth.tmc.edu; john.rasmussen@uth.tmc.edu; maritoni.litorja@nist.gov; eva.sevick@uth.tmc.edu RI Sevick-Muraca, Eva/A-4152-2017 OI Sevick-Muraca, Eva/0000-0002-8152-4847 FU National Institutes of Health [U54 (CA136404)] FX This work has been supported in part by the National Institutes of Health U54 (CA136404). It should be noted that the identification of commercial equipment is for information purposes only. It does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 3 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1109/TMI.2015.2496898 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DG8YO UT WOS:000372369700008 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Howe, David A. TI Oscillator PM Noise Reduction From Correlated AM Noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Amplitude modulation (AM) noise; correlation; oscillator; phase modulation (PM) noise; vibration sensitivity ID PHASE NOISE; CRYSTAL-OSCILLATORS; TRANSISTOR; ACCELERATION; AMPLIFIERS; FEEDBACK; RF AB We demonstrate a novel technique for reducing the phase modulation (PM) noise of an oscillator in a steady-state condition as well as under vibration. It utilizes correlation between PM noise and amplitude modulation (AM) noise that can originate from the oscillator's loop components. A control voltage proportional to the correlated AM noise is generated and utilized in a feedforward architecture to correct for the steady state as well as the vibration-induced PM noise. An improvement of almost 10-15 dB in PM noise is observed over one decade of offset frequencies for a 635-MHz quartz-MEMS oscillator. This corresponds to more than a factor of five reductions in vibration sensitivity. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita.hati@nist.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 3 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2521614 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DH3AS UT WOS:000372660000010 PM 26829788 ER PT J AU Peng, G Shi, L Stegall, ST Matthews, JL Fairall, CW AF Peng, Ge Shi, Lei Stegall, Steve T. Matthews, Jessica L. Fairall, Christopher W. TI An Evaluation of HIRS Near-Surface Air Temperature Product in the Arctic with SHEBA Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ship observations; Arctic; Observational techniques and algorithms; Geographic location/entity; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Sea/ocean surface; Surface temperature; Satellite observations ID OCEAN; CLIMATE; BUDGET; BIASES AB The accuracy of cloud-screened 2-m air temperatures derived from the intersatellite-calibrated brightness temperatures based on the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) measurements on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series is evaluated by comparing HIRS air temperatures to 1-yr quality-controlled measurements collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project (October 1997-September 1998). The mean error between collocated HIRS and SHEBA 2-m air temperature is found to be on the order of 1 degrees C, with a slight sensitivity to spatial and temporal radii for collocation. The HIRS temperatures capture well the temporal variability of SHEBA temperatures, with cross-correlation coefficients higher than 0.93, all significant at the 99.9% confidence level. More than 87% of SHEBA temperature variance can be explained by linear regression of collocated HIRS temperatures. The analysis found a strong dependency of mean temperature errors on cloud conditions observed during SHEBA, indicating that availability of an accurate cloud mask in the region is essential to further improve the quality of HIRS near-surface air temperature products. This evaluation establishes a baseline of accuracy of HIRS temperature retrievals, providing users with information on uncertainty sources and estimates. It is a first step toward development of a new long-term 2-m air temperature product in the Arctic that utilizes intersatellite-calibrated remote sensing data from the HIRS instrument. C1 [Peng, Ge; Stegall, Steve T.; Matthews, Jessica L.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Peng, Ge; Shi, Lei; Stegall, Steve T.; Matthews, Jessica L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), CICS NC NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ge.peng@noaa.gov OI Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record program; NOAA [NA14NES432003] FX This work is supported by NOAA's Climate Data Record program. G. Peng, S. Stegall, and J. Matthews are supported by NOAA under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. We thank Ola Persson for information on the SHEBA composite data observations. Discussions with Ken Knapp, Robert Evans, Boyin Huang, and Huai-min Zhang are beneficial. Suggestions from Jay Lawrimore, Tom Maycock, and the JTECH reviewers have improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0217.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4XF UT WOS:000372788200001 ER PT J AU Williams, CR AF Williams, Christopher R. TI Reflectivity and Liquid Water Content Vertical Decomposition Diagrams to Diagnose Vertical Evolution of Raindrop Size Distributions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Observational techniques and algorithms; Drop size distribution; Precipitation; Profilers, atmospheric; Radars/Radar observations; Wind profilers; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID DOPPLER RADAR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; VIDEO DISDROMETER; WIND PROFILER; PRECIPITATION; SPECTRA; AIR; PARAMETERS; CLOUD; MICROPHYSICS AB This study consists of two parts. The first part describes the way in which vertical air motions and raindrop size distributions (DSDs) were retrieved from 449-MHz and 2.835-GHz (UHF and S band) vertically pointing radars (VPRs) deployed side by side during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) held in northern Oklahoma. The 449-MHz VPR can measure both vertical air motion and raindrop motion. The S-band VPR can measure only raindrop motion. These differences in VPR sensitivities facilitates the identification of two peaks in 449-MHz VPR reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity spectra and the retrieval of vertical air motion and DSD parameters from near the surface to just below the melting layer. The second part of this study used the retrieved DSD parameters to decompose reflectivity and liquid water content (LWC) into two terms, one representing number concentration and the other representing DSD shape. Reflectivity and LWC vertical decomposition diagrams (Z-VDDs and LWC-VDDs, respectively) are introduced to highlight interactions between raindrop number and DSD shape in the vertical column. Analysis of Z-VDDs provides indirect measure of microphysical processes through radar reflectivity. Analysis of LWC-VDDs provides direct investigation of microphysical processes in the vertical column, including net raindrop evaporation or accretion and net raindrop breakup or coalescence. During a stratiform rain event (20 May 2011), LWC-VDDs exhibited signatures of net evaporation and net raindrop coalescence as the raindrops fell a distance of 2 km under a well-defined radar bright band. The LWC-VDD is a tool to characterize rain microphysics with quantities related to number-controlled and size-controlled processes. C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM); NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [NNX13AF86G]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0014294]; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility FX Support for this work was provided by Ramesh Kakar under the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) and NASA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Grant NNX13AF86G and from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program under Grant DE-SC0014294 and as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 579 EP 595 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0208.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4XL UT WOS:000372788800002 ER PT J AU Domingo, A Coelho, R Cortes, E Garcia-Cortes, B Mas, F Mejuto, J Miller, P Ramos-Cartelle, A Santos, MN Yokawa, K AF Domingo, A. Coelho, R. Cortes, E. Garcia-Cortes, B. Mas, F. Mejuto, J. Miller, P. Ramos-Cartelle, A. Santos, M. N. Yokawa, K. TI Is the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier a coastal species? Expanding its distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean using at-sea observer data SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE by-catch; distribution; high seas; longline fisheries; onboard monitoring ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; ELASMOBRANCHS CAUGHT; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CONTROL PROGRAMS; MOVEMENTS; PREDATOR; AUSTRALIA; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; AFRICA AB The occurrence of tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier in the Atlantic Ocean was assessed using at-sea observer data from multiple pelagic longline fisheries. Geographic positions of 2764 G. cuvier recorded between 1992 and 2013 and covering a wide area of the Atlantic Ocean were compared with the currently accepted distribution ranges of the species. Most records fell outside those ranges in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, which strongly suggests that the distribution range of G. cuvier in the open ocean is considerably larger than previously described C1 [Domingo, A.; Mas, F.; Miller, P.] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Lab Recursos Pelag LaRPe, Constituyente, Montevideo 1497, Uruguay. [Coelho, R.; Santos, M. N.] Portuguese Inst Ocean & Atmosphere IPMA, IP, Ave 5 Outubro S-N, P-8700305 Olhao, Portugal. [Cortes, E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Garcia-Cortes, B.; Mejuto, J.; Ramos-Cartelle, A.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, POB 130, La Coruna 15080, Spain. [Mas, F.; Miller, P.] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina CICMA, Av Giannattasio Km 30, El Pinar, Uruguay. [Yokawa, K.] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, 5-7-1 Orido, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. RP Domingo, A (reprint author), Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Lab Recursos Pelag LaRPe, Constituyente, Montevideo 1497, Uruguay. EM adomingo@dinara.gub.uy FU EU; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/93936/2013]; Society for Conservation GIS; ESRI Conservation Programme FX This work was carried out as part of a cooperative study conducted by the ICCAT Shark Species group. The authors are grateful to all the fishery observers and longline skippers from the several nations involved in providing data for this study. Special thanks to S. Fowler and M. Dando for providing a digital version of their map. Data collection from the Portuguese fishery was funded within the scope of the EU Data Collection Framework and as part of the research projects SELECT-PAL and LL-SHARKs. R.C. was supported by a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Ref. SFRH/BPD/93936/2013). P.M. thanks the Society for Conservation GIS and the ESRI Conservation Programme for their support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1111/jfb.12887 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG8CT UT WOS:000372310700014 PM 26817438 ER PT J AU Feng, P Miao, CW Bullard, JW AF Feng, Pan Miao, Changwen Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Factors Influencing the Stability of AFm and AFt in the Ca-Al-S-O-H System at 25 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; SULFATE ATTACK; SOLID-SOLUTION; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; EQUILIBRIA; LIMESTONE; CAO-AL2O3-CASO4-H2O; TEMPERATURE; ETTRINGITE AB The stabilities of Al2O3-Fe2O3-mono (AFm) and -tri (AFt) phases in the Ca-Al-S-O-H system at 25 degrees C are examined using Gibbs energy minimization as implemented by GEM-Selektor software coupled with the Nagra/PSI thermodynamic database. Equilibrium phase diagrams are constructed and compared to those reported in previous studies. The sensitivity of the calculations to the assumed solid solubility products, highlighted by the example of hydrogarnet, is likely the reason that some studies, including this one, predict a stable SO4-rich AFm phase while others do not. The majority of the effort is given for calculating the influences on AFm and AFt stability of alkali and carbonate components, both of which are typically present in cementitious binders. Higher alkali content shifts the equilibria of both AFt and AFm to lower Ca but higher Al and S concentrations in solution. More importantly, higher alkali content significantly expands the range of solution compositions in equilibrium with AFm. The introduction of carbonates alters not only the stable AFm solid solution compositions, as expected, but also influences the range of solution pH over which SO4-rich and OH-rich AFm phases are dominant. Some experimental tests are suggested that could provide validation of these calculations, which are all the more important because of the implications for resistance of portland cement binders to external sulfate attack. C1 [Feng, Pan; Miao, Changwen] SE Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Construct Mat, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Feng, Pan; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Changwen] Jiangsu Res Inst Bldg Sci Co Ltd, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Feng, P (reprint author), SE Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Construct Mat, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Feng, P (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM panda0325@163.com FU Chinese Scholarship Council; NIST Engineering Laboratory FX All research reported in this article was performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Pan Feng gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Chinese Scholarship Council and from the NIST Engineering Laboratory. Ken Snyder and an anonymous reviewer are both warmly thanked for providing valuable reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1041 DI 10.1111/jace.13971 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DG6JB UT WOS:000372189300042 PM 27335503 ER PT J AU Williams, R Moore, JE Gomez-Salazar, C Trujillo, F Burt, L AF Williams, Rob Moore, Jeffrey E. Gomez-Salazar, Catalina Trujillo, Fernando Burt, Louise TI Searching for trends in river dolphin abundance: Designing surveys for looming threats, and evidence for opposing trends of two species in the Colombian Amazon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Cryptic; Habitat loss; River dolphin; Inia; Sotalia; Amazon; Bayesian methods; Monitoring ID TUCUXI SOTALIA-FLUVIATILIS; YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE; BOTOS INIA-GEOFFRENSIS; FRESH-WATER CETACEAN; MARINE MAMMALS; CONSERVATION CHALLENGES; POPULATION DECLINE; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION AB Rivers worldwide, particularly in tropical regions, support multiple human uses that can threaten water security and cause species decline. Some tropical rivers are home to obligate freshwater cetaceans (river dolphins) that are vulnerable to exploitation and to upstream and downstream habitat degradation due to limited dispersal opportunities. Assessing vulnerability is complicated by difficulty in reliably estimating abundance, due to the animals' cryptic nature and complex, dynamic habitat. We compared density estimates from surveys conducted in 1993, 2002 and 2007. Surveys were not part of a coordinated monitoring plan and thus were conducted using slightly different methods in different months, which complicated statistical inference. We used information from the most recent survey to account for bias and uncertainty in earlier estimates and used bootstrap and Bayesian approaches to estimate trends, conditional on a plausible range of process variance associated with seasonal movements. For Inia, probability of decline was >0.75, even under the highest seasonal movement levels considered. For Sotalia, there was a >0.75 probability of population increase. There are 151 proposals pending in the Amazon for large (>2 MW) hydroelectric developments that would fragment habitat, and reports suggest that Inia is experiencing illegal killing for fish bait. In this context, our population trend estimates are cause for concern, but improved monitoring is needed to more reliably assess population status. Based on lessons learned from our analysis, future surveys will be standardized in terms of timing (conducted during the transitional water season) and methodology (using our most recent field protocols) to minimize confounding factors and provide more robust inference about population trends. We provide recommendations for ways to distinguish seasonal movements from annual population trends to guide Amazon river dolphin conservation. Until then, two interpretations exist: either Inia is declining, or existing information cannot detect declines unambiguously without additional surveys. Neither explanation bodes well, given the myriad anthropogenic stressors Amazon river dolphins face. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Williams, Rob] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Williams, Rob] Oceans Initiat, Box 193, Alert Bay, BC V0N 1A0, Canada. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gomez-Salazar, Catalina; Trujillo, Fernando] Fdn Omacha, Calle 86A 23-38, Bogota, Colombia. [Burt, Louise] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Williams, R (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM rmcw@st-andrews.ac.uk FU Sculpt the Future Foundation; European Community [253407] FX We thank Sharon Hedley and Fernanda Marques for help with the 2002 survey design and data collection, and V. Mars for financial assistance. The 2002 data analyses were supported by a grant from the Sculpt the Future Foundation to RW during the University of St Andrews' 600th anniversary celebrations. RW was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal no. 253407 (call reference: FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF). We thank Alana Phillips for assistance with editing the final manuscript and appendices, and members of the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee's subcommittee on Small Cetaceans, for helpful discussions in 2012 in Panama. We thank Falk Huettinann and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 195 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.037 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3AQ UT WOS:000371942300017 ER PT J AU Bellur, K Medici, EF Kulshreshtha, M Konduru, V Tyrewala, D Tamilarasan, A McQuillen, J Leao, JB Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Scherschligt, J Hermanson, JC Choi, CK Allen, JS AF Bellur, K. Medici, E. F. Kulshreshtha, M. Konduru, V. Tyrewala, D. Tamilarasan, A. McQuillen, J. Leao, J. B. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Scherschligt, J. Hermanson, J. C. Choi, C. K. Allen, J. S. TI A new experiment for investigating evaporation and condensation of cryogenic propellants SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Space Cryogenics Workshop CY JUN 24-26, 2015 CL NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Phoenix, AZ SP Cryogen Soc Amer HO NASA Glenn Res Ctr DE Evaporation; Condensation; Liquid hydrogen; Neutron imaging; Contact angle ID THIN-FILM; MASS-TRANSPORT; CAPILLARY-TUBE; HEAT-TRANSFER; MENISCUS; MODEL; PRESSURE; REGION; TANKS; FLOW AB Passive and active technologies have been used to control propellant boil-off, but the current state of understanding of cryogenic evaporation and condensation in microgravity is insufficient for designing large cryogenic depots critical to the long-term space exploration missions. One of the key factors limiting the ability to design such systems is the uncertainty in the accommodation coefficients (evaporation and condensation), which are inputs for kinetic modeling of phase change. A novel, combined experimental and computational approach is being used to determine the accommodation coefficients for liquid hydrogen and liquid methane. The experimental effort utilizes the Neutron Imaging Facility located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland to image evaporation and condensation of hydrogenated propellants inside of metallic containers. The computational effort includes numerical solution of a model for phase change in the contact line and thin film regions as well as an CFD effort for determining the appropriate thermal boundary conditions for the numerical solution of the evaporating and condensing liquid. Using all three methods, there is the possibility of extracting the accommodation coefficients from the experimental observations. The experiments are the first known observation of a liquid hydrogen menisci condensing and evaporating inside aluminum and stainless steel cylinders. The experimental technique, complimentary computational thermal model and meniscus shape determination are reported. The computational thermal model has been shown to accurately track the transient thermal response of the test cells. The meniscus shape determination suggests the presence of a finite contact angle, albeit very small, between liquid hydrogen and aluminum oxide. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bellur, K.; Medici, E. F.; Kulshreshtha, M.; Konduru, V.; Tyrewala, D.; Choi, C. K.; Allen, J. S.] Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Tamilarasan, A.; Hermanson, J. C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McQuillen, J.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH USA. [Leao, J. B.; Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Scherschligt, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jstallen@mtu.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 74 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.016 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA DG3BB UT WOS:000371943400018 PM 28154426 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Goldberg, R Clark, P Kuropat, C Meseck, SL Rose, JM AF Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Goldberg, Ronald Clark, Paul Kuropat, Catherine Meseck, Shannon L. Rose, Julie M. TI Benthic Ecology of Northern Quahog Beds with Different Hydraulic Dredging Histories in Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; shellfish beds; aquaculture; seabed harvesting; total organic matter ID MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; COMMUNITIES; MARINE; DISTURBANCE; RECOLONIZATION; SCALE AB This paper evaluates benthic community composition of four shellfish beds in Long Island Sound near Milford, Connecticut, where northern quahog or hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758), were harvested by hydraulic dredge. These leased beds reflect a variety of dredging histories; 0 year (dredged just before sampling began), 1 year postharvest, 2 years postharvest, and an inactive clam bed left fallow for at least 10 years. Benthic sediment was sampled at 1-to 2-week intervals from June to October 2011 using a Smith-McIntyre grab. Benthic community composition was significantly influenced by dredging history and sampling month. Abundance of benthic organisms (number of individuals and biovolume) and total organic matter concentrations were significantly greater at the 0-year site than at the 1-, 2-, and 10+-year sites, and significantly greater at the 1-and 2-year sites than at the 10+-site. Newly settled bivalves, primarily Nucula spp. and Yoldia limulata, were significantly more prevalent on the recently harvested 0-, 1-, and 2-year sites vs. the 10+-year site and highest at the 0-year site. A significantly greater number of species was observed on the 1-and 2-year sites vs. the 0-and 10+-year locations. Species richness at the 0-year site was significantly lower than at the 1-, 2-, and 10+-year sites, whereas diversity and evenness at the 0-year site was significantly lower than at the 10+-year site. This study observed successional changes in community structure of inshore clam beds related to the length of time elapsed after harvest dredging. C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald; Clark, Paul; Kuropat, Catherine; Meseck, Shannon L.; Rose, Julie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM renee.mercaldo-allen@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00055.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA DG4JK UT WOS:000372038300017 ER PT J AU Hoque, YM Tripathi, S Hantush, MM Govindaraju, RS AF Hoque, Yamen M. Tripathi, Shivam Hantush, Mohamed M. Govindaraju, Rao S. TI Aggregate Measures of Watershed Health from Reconstructed Water Quality Data with Uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT MODEL; RESILIENCE; RELIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; REDUNDANCY; DIVERSITY AB Risk-based measures such as reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (R-R-V) have the potential to serve as watershed health assessment tools. Recent research has demonstrated the applicability of such indices for water quality (WQ) constituents such as total suspended solids and nutrients on an individual basis. However, the calculations can become tedious when time-series data for several WQ constituents have to be evaluated individually. Also, comparisons between locations with different sets of constituent data can prove difficult. In this study, data reconstruction using a relevance vector machine algorithm was combined with dimensionality reduction via variational Bayesian noisy principal component analysis to reconstruct and condense sparse multidimensional WQ data sets into a single time series. The methodology allows incorporation of uncertainty in both the reconstruction and dimensionality-reduction steps. The R-R-V values were calculated using the aggregate time series at multiple locations within two Indiana watersheds. Results showed that uncertainty present in the reconstructed WQ data set propagates to the aggregate time series and subsequently to the aggregate R-R-V values as well. This data-driven approach to calculating aggregate R-R-V values was found to be useful for providing a composite picture of watershed health. Aggregate R-R-V values also enabled comparison between locations with different types of WQ data. C1 [Hoque, Yamen M.; Govindaraju, Rao S.] Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tripathi, Shivam] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Hantush, Mohamed M.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hoque, Yamen M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. RP Hoque, YM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Hoque, YM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. EM yamen.hoque@noaa.gov FU USEPA through its Office of Research and Development [EP-C-11-006] FX The USEPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under USEPA Contract no. EP-C-11-006. It has not been subjected to agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 45 IS 2 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.2134/jeq2015.10.0508 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG1AR UT WOS:000371797900035 PM 27065419 ER PT J AU Ferrucci, M Doiron, TD Thompson, RM Jones, JP Freeman, AJ Neiman, JA AF Ferrucci, Massimiliano Doiron, Theodore D. Thompson, Robert M. Jones, John P., II Freeman, Adam J. Neiman, Janice A. TI Dimensional Review of Scales for Forensic Photography SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; photography; scales; quality; odontology; bitemark AB Scales for photography provide a geometrical reference in the photographic documentation of a crime scene, pattern, or item of evidence. The ABFO No. 2 Standard Reference Scale (1) is used by the forensic science community as an accurate reference scale. We investigated the overall accuracy of the major centimeter graduations, internal/ external diameters of the circles, error in placement of the circle centers, and leg perpendicularity. Four vendors were selected for the scales, and the features were measured on a vision-based coordinate measurement system. The scales were well within the specified tolerance for the length graduations. After 4 years, the same scales were measured to determine what change could be measured. The scales demonstrated acceptable stability in the scale length and center-to-center measurements; however, the perpendicularity exhibited change. The study results indicate that scale quality checks using certified metal rulers are good practice. C1 [Ferrucci, Massimiliano; Doiron, Theodore D.] NIST, Dimens Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thompson, Robert M.; Jones, John P., II] NIST, Special Programs Off, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freeman, Adam J.] Westport Dent Associates, 22 Imperial Ave, Westport, CT USA. [Neiman, Janice A.] Massachusetts Off Commissioner Probat, Massachusetts Trial Court,1 Ashburton Pl,405, Boston, MA USA. RP Thompson, RM (reprint author), NIST, Special Programs Off, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.m.thompson@nist.gov OI Ferrucci, Massimiliano/0000-0002-8811-8681 FU NIJ; NIST by NCJRS [2010-DN-R-7121] FX NIJ co-sponsored the work with NIST through funding provided by NCJRS Award Number: 2010-DN-R-7121. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12976 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DG4TX UT WOS:000372066800031 PM 27404626 ER PT J AU Etienne, E Devineni, N Khanbilvardi, R Lall, U AF Etienne, Elius Devineni, Naresh Khanbilvardi, Reza Lall, Upmanu TI Development of a Demand Sensitive Drought Index and its application for agriculture over the conterminous United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought index; Drought attributes; Demand induced stress; Resiliency; Climate variability; Agriculture ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; WATER RISK; CLIMATE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PHYSICS AB A new drought index is introduced that explicitly considers both water supply and demand. It can be applied to aggregate demand over a geographical region, or for disaggregated demand related to a specific crop or use. Consequently, it is more directly related than existing indices, to potential drought impacts on different segments of society, and is also suitable to use as an index for drought insurance programs targeted at farmers growing specific crops. An application of the index is presented for the drought characterization at the county level for the aggregate demand of eight major field crops in the conterminous United States. Two resiliency metrics are developed and applied with the drought index time series. In addition, a clustering algorithm is applied to the onset times and severity of the worst historical droughts in each county, to identify the spatial structure of drought, relative to the cropping patterns in each county. The geographic relationship of drought severity, drought recovery relative to duration, and resilience to drought is identified, and related to attributes of precipitation and also cropping intensity, thus distinguishing the relative importance of water supply and demand in determining potential drought outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Etienne, Elius; Devineni, Naresh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Columbia Water Ctr, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, 500 Mudd,W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Etienne, E; Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM eetienn02@citymail.cuny.edu; ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu; ula2@columbia.edu OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU NOAA-CREST [NA11SEC4810004]; NSF [1360446]; PSC-CUNY award [67832-00 45]; CUNY-CIRG award [80209-13 21] FX This research was supported by:; (a) NOAA-CREST - Cooperative agreement NA11SEC4810004.; (b) NSF Grant 1360446 (Water Sustainability and Climate, Category 3).; (c) PSC-CUNY award 67832-00 45.; (d) CUNY-CIRG award 80209-13 21. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 534 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.060 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DG3AC UT WOS:000371940900019 ER PT J AU Filliben, J Inn, KGW Waldren, S AF Filliben, James Inn, Kenneth G. W. Waldren, Simon TI Are they the same? Retrofitting 1 g sample data to certified 10 g sample characterization SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Sample size; t Test; F Test; Standard reference material; Ocean sediment; Plutonium AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 4357 (ocean sediment) was certified for anthropogenic radionuclides at a parts per thousand yen10 g sample size. However, the Aldermaston Weapons Establishment used a 1 g sample size that resulted in a highly skewed Pu-239 + Pu-240 alpha spectrometry measurement distribution that was outside the certified tolerance range for 10 g samples. This study evaluates the equivalence of 1 g sample results and those from 10 g samples used for certification. By re-batching the AWE 1 g results into simulated 10 g results, it was found that the AWE results were consistent with the certified plutonium activity for SRM 4357. C1 [Filliben, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Innovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Waldren, Simon] Aldermaston Weap Estab, Ret NIST, Aldermaston, Berks, England. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Innovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM keinn@verizon.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2289 EP 2293 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4609-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900113 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Hutchinson, JMR Kelly, WR Greenberg, R Norris, A Krey, P Feiner, MS Fisenne, E Popplewell, DS Gladney, E Beasley, T Huh, CA Percival, DR AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. Hutchinson, J. M. Robin Kelly, William R. Greenberg, Robert Norris, A. Krey, Phillip Feiner, Melvin S. Fisenne, E. Popplewell, Donald S. Gladney, Ernest Beasley, Thomas Huh, C. A. Percival, Donald R. TI Analysis of U and Th in soils and sediments B-Why do we sometimes get the WRONG RESULT? SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Uranium; Discrepancy; Standard reference material; Acid-resistant minerals; Certified value ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; BONE ASH STANDARD; ACTINIDES; URANIUM AB In 1978, the National Bureau of Standards began a program to develop environmental-level natural matrix radionuclide Standard Reference Materials for the evaluation of analytical methods. A customer reported a -15 % difference between their value and the certified uranium massic concentration in SRM 4353 (Rocky Flats Soil B I). This report prompted an investigation using several independent methods to confirm the certified uranium value. Investigation indicated the discrepancy to be due to a highly insoluble minor mineral fraction that contained high concentrations of uranium. The suspect mineral, zircon, is widespread in soils and sediments and represents an analytical complication. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Inn Ovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Hutchinson, J. M. Robin; Kelly, William R.; Greenberg, Robert; Norris, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krey, Phillip; Feiner, Melvin S.; Fisenne, E.] US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. [Popplewell, Donald S.] Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. [Gladney, Ernest] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Beasley, Thomas; Huh, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallas, OR USA. [Percival, Donald R.] Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Inn Ovat, 91-1329 Kuanoo St, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM kgenwahinn@gmail.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2513 EP 2520 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4566-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900146 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R Inn, KGW Horgan, C AF Fitzgerald, Ryan Inn, Kenneth G. W. Horgan, Christopher TI How old is it?-Pu-241/Am-241 nuclear forensic chronology reference materials SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Nuclear forensics; Radiochronometer; Pu-241; Am-241; Standard reference material 4340; Alpha-gamma anticoincidence counting AB One material attribute for nuclear forensics is material age. Pu-241 is almost always present in uranium- and plutonium-based nuclear weapons, which pose the greatest threat to our security. The in-growth of Am-241 due to the decay of Pu-241 provides an excellent chronometer of the material. A well-characterized Pu-241/Am-241 standard is needed to validate measurement capability, as a basis for between-laboratory comparability, and as material for verifying laboratory performance. This effort verifies the certification of a 38 year old Pu-241 Standard Reference Material (SRM4340) through alpha-gamma anticoincidence counting, and also establishes the separation date to 2 weeks of the documented date. C1 [Fitzgerald, Ryan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Inn Ovat, Ewa Beach, HI USA. [Horgan, Christopher] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Inn Ovat, Ewa Beach, HI USA. EM keinn@verizon.net RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2521 EP 2528 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4565-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900147 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW LaMont, S Jerome, S Essex, R Johnson, CM Morrison, J Frechou, C Branger, T Dion, H AF Inn, Kenneth G. W. LaMont, Stephen Jerome, Simon Essex, Richard Johnson, Charles M., Jr. Morrison, Jeffrey Frechou, Carole Branger, Thierry Dion, Heather TI Roadmap for radioanalytical reference and performance evaluation materials for current and emerging issues SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry (MARC) CY APR 12-17, 2015 CL Kailua Kona, HI DE Certified reference materials; Performance evaluation materials; Natural-matrix; Radionuclide; Blueprint; Roadmap AB Reference materials are fundamental tools for radiochemistry measurements laboratories to establish and evaluate analytical methods, test measurement capabilities, quantify radionuclides, compare analytical results, and establish legal confidence defensibility in measurement results. Over the past decades the focus of low-level environmental reference material producers have adapted to evolving national and international priorities and needs. This document provides a Roadmap of high priority current and future low-level radionuclide Certified Reference and Performance Evaluation Materials that subject-matter experts have identified at NIST and other public workshops (Blueprints) as crucial to metrologists and program directors to address national and international issues. C1 [Inn, Kenneth G. W.] K&E Innovat, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [LaMont, Stephen; Dion, Heather] Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. [LaMont, Stephen; Dion, Heather] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Jerome, Simon] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England. [Essex, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, Charles M., Jr.] Dept Def, Huntsville, AL USA. [Morrison, Jeffrey] Dept Homeland Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Frechou, Carole; Branger, Thierry] Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), K&E Innovat, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM keinn@verizon.net NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 307 IS 3 BP 2529 EP 2538 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4694-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG1ER UT WOS:000371808900148 ER PT J AU Schock, TB Strickland, S Steele, EJ Bearden, DW AF Schock, Tracey B. Strickland, Sheri Steele, Edna J. Bearden, Daniel W. TI Effects of heat-treatment on the stability and composition of metabolomic extracts from the earthworm Eisenia fetida SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Earthworm; Eisenia fetida; Heat stabilization; NMR; Metabolomics; Stability; Tissue extraction ID NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; SOIL; PHENANTHRENE; ENDOSULFAN; H-1-NMR AB Environmental metabolomics studies employing earthworms as sentinels for soil contamination are numerous, but the instability of the metabolite extracts from these organisms has been minimally addressed. This study evaluated the efficacy of adding a heat-treatment step in two commonly used extraction protocols (Bligh and Dyer and D2O phosphate buffer) as a pre-analytical stabilization method. The resulting metabolic profiles of Eisenia fetida were assessed using principal component analysis and NMR spectral evaluations. The heated Bligh and Dyer extractions produced stabilized profiles with minimal variation of the extracted metabolomic profiles over time, providing a more suitable method for metabolomic analysis of earthworm extracts. C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Strickland, Sheri; Steele, Edna J.] Converse Coll, Dept Biol Chem & Phys, Spartanburg, SC 29302 USA. RP Schock, TB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM tracey.schock@nist.gov FU South Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (SCICU) Student/Faculty Research Program FX We are grateful to Dr. Rick Krueger (Univsersity of South Carolina (USC) Upstate University) for his invaluable training and assistance with lyophilization and to Converse College students Margaret (Maurie) Prince and Kiranpreet Kaur for their assistance with animal husbandry. Funding for this project was provided by the South Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (SCICU) Student/Faculty Research Program. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 AR 47 DI 10.1007/s11306-016-0967-z PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DG5XY UT WOS:000372156000008 ER PT J AU Bromley, SL Zhu, B Bishof, M Zhang, X Bothwell, T Schachenmayer, J Nicholson, TL Kaiser, R Yelin, SF Lukin, MD Rey, AM Ye, J AF Bromley, S. L. Zhu, B. Bishof, M. Zhang, X. Bothwell, T. Schachenmayer, J. Nicholson, T. L. Kaiser, R. Yelin, S. F. Lukin, M. D. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. TI Collective atomic scattering and motional effects in a dense coherent medium SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COLD ATOMS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; COOPERATIVE SCATTERING; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; INTERACTING ATOMS; CLASSICAL WAVES; LIGHT INTENSITY; RYDBERG ATOMS; SUPERRADIANCE AB We investigate collective emission from coherently driven ultracold Sr-88 atoms. We perform two sets of experiments using a strong and weak transition that are insensitive and sensitive, respectively, to atomic motion at 1 mu K. We observe highly directional forward emission with a peak intensity that is enhanced, for the strong transition, by >10(3) compared with that in the transverse direction. This is accompanied by substantial broadening of spectral lines. For the weak transition, the forward enhancement is substantially reduced due to motion. Meanwhile, a density-dependent frequency shift of the weak transition (similar to 10% of the natural linewidth) is observed. In contrast, this shift is suppressed to <1% of the natural linewidth for the strong transition. Along the transverse direction, we observe strong polarization dependences of the fluorescence intensity and line broadening for both transitions. The measurements are reproduced with a theoretical model treating the atoms as coherent, interacting radiating dipoles. C1 [Bromley, S. L.; Zhu, B.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Bothwell, T.; Schachenmayer, J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bromley, S. L.; Zhu, B.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Bothwell, T.; Schachenmayer, J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaiser, R.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inst Nonlineaire Nice, UMR 7335, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yelin, S. F.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bishof, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, X.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Nicholson, T. L.] MIT, Ctr Ultracold Atoms, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; kaiser, robin/J-3641-2014; OI kaiser, robin/0000-0001-5194-3680; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms at Harvard-MIT; ITAMP; [ANR-14-CE26-0032] FX We are grateful to Paul Julienne, Chris Greene, John Cooper and Murray Holland for their important insights and stimulating discussions. This research is supported by NIST, NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA, AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, ARO, DARPA QuASAR, NSF Center for Ultracold Atoms at Harvard-MIT, ITAMP and ANR-14-CE26-0032. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11039 DI 10.1038/ncomms11039 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG6WZ UT WOS:000372228100001 PM 26984643 ER PT J AU Gilbert, DA Olamit, J Dumas, RK Kirby, BJ Grutter, AJ Maranville, BB Arenholz, E Borchers, JA Liu, K AF Gilbert, Dustin A. Olamit, Justin Dumas, Randy K. Kirby, B. J. Grutter, Alexander J. Maranville, Brian B. Arenholz, Elke Borchers, Julie A. Liu, Kai TI Controllable positive exchange bias via redox-driven oxygen migration SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY; STATE; TB; GD AB Ionic transport in metal/oxide heterostructures offers a highly effective means to tailor material properties via modification of the interfacial characteristics. However, direct observation of ionic motion under buried interfaces and demonstration of its correlation with physical properties has been challenging. Using the strong oxygen affinity of gadolinium, we design a model system of GdxFe1-x/NiCoO bilayer films, where the oxygen migration is observed and manifested in a controlled positive exchange bias over a relatively small cooling field range. The exchange bias characteristics are shown to be the result of an interfacial layer of elemental nickel and cobalt, a few nanometres in thickness, whose moments are larger than expected from uncompensated NiCoO moments. This interface layer is attributed to a redox-driven oxygen migration from NiCoO to the gadolinium, during growth or soon after. These results demonstrate an effective path to tailoring the interfacial characteristics and interlayer exchange coupling in metal/oxide heterostructures. C1 [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Olamit, Justin; Dumas, Randy K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Kirby, B. J.; Grutter, Alexander J.; Maranville, Brian B.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dumas, Randy K.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Arenholz, Elke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Dumas, Randy/E-3077-2010; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Dumas, Randy/0000-0001-5505-2172; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883; Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [DMR-1008791, ECCS-1232275, DMR-1543582]; NRC Research Associateship programme; Swedish Research Council (VR) FX This work has been supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791, ECCS-1232275 and DMR-1543582). D.A.G. and A.J.G. acknowledges the support of the NRC Research Associateship programme. R.K.D. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR). The work at the Advanced Light Source was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DEAC02-05CH11231). NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 22 U2 56 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11050 DI 10.1038/ncomms11050 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0UN UT WOS:000372499700001 PM 26996674 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Ilicak, M Gerdes, R Drange, H Aksenov, Y Bailey, DA Bentsen, M Biastoch, A Bozec, A Boning, C Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Curry, B Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Iovino, D Jahn, A Jung, T Large, WG Lee, C Lique, C Lu, JH Masina, S Nurser, AJG Rabe, B Roth, C Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Spence, P Tsujino, H Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, XZ Yeager, SG AF Wang, Qiang Ilicak, Mehmet Gerdes, Ruediger Drange, Helge Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David A. Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Boening, Claus Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Nurser, A. J. George Rabe, Benjamin Roth, Christina Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. TI An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part II: Liquid freshwater SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Freshwater; Sea ice; CORE II atmospheric forcing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SIMULATIONS; BERING STRAIT; SEA-ICE; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; BEAUFORT GYRE; FRAM STRAIT; HEAT FLUXES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; STORAGE AB The Arctic Ocean simulated in 14 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II) is analyzed in this study. The focus is on the Arctic liquid freshwater (FW) sources and freshwater content (FWC). The models agree on the interannual variability of liquid FW transport at the gateways where the ocean volume transport determines the FW transport variability. The variation of liquid FWC is induced by both the surface FW flux (associated with sea ice production) and lateral liquid FW transport, which are in phase when averaged on decadal time scales. The liquid FWC shows an increase starting from the mid-1990s, caused by the reduction of both sea ice formation and liquid FW export, with the former being more significant in most of the models. The mean state of the FW budget is less consistently simulated than the temporal variability. The model ensemble means of liquid FW transport through the Arctic gateways compare well with observations. On average, the models have too high mean FWC, weaker upward trends of FWC in the recent decade than the observation, and low consistency in the temporal variation of FWC spatial distribution, which needs to be further explored for the purpose of model development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiang; Gerdes, Ruediger; Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Rabe, Benjamin; Wang, Xuezhu] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ilicak, Mehmet; Bentsen, Mats] Uni Res Ltd, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Aksenov, Yevgeny; Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bailey, David A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Jahn, Alexandra; Large, William G.; Yeager, Steve G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Roth, Christina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Fernandez, Elodie] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe] Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Unite Rech Associee 1875, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, URA1875,CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Curry, Beth; Lee, Craig] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Iovino, Doroteaciro; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lique, Camille] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Lique, Camille] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Masina, Simona] INGV, Bologna, Italy. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Qiang.Wang@awi.de RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016 OI Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; FU Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project; Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; Australian Research Council [DE150100223]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR43101.38]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme; UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project [NE/I028947] FX The WCRP/CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organizing the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from the international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices. We are grateful for the efforts of modelers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE-II experiments. We thank Igor Polyakov for providing us with the FWC observational data. Comments by two reviewers and Claudia Wekerle, Richard Greatbatch and Tor Eldevik helped to improve the manuscript. Q. Wang is funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project. C. Roth was supported by the Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03F0651B. The work of P. Spence was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DE150100223. The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. NCAR is sponsored by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF). S.G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163 and NA13OAR43101.38 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR. Y. Aksenov, N.G. Nurser, and A.C. Coward were partly funded from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme. Y. Aksenov was also partly supported by the UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project (NE/I028947/). The NOC-ORCA simulations were performed using the NOC local computing facilities and the cluster MOBIL'S. The AWI-FESOM and Kiel-ORCA05 experiments were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 86 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.009 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800007 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Ilicak, M Gerdes, R Drange, H Aksenov, Y Bailey, DA Bentsen, M Biastoch, A Bozec, A Boning, C Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Curry, B Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Iovino, D Jahn, A Jung, T Large, WG Lee, C Lique, C Lu, JH Masina, S Nurser, AJG Rabe, B Roth, C Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Spence, P Tsujino, H Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, XZ Yeager, SG AF Wang, Qiang Ilicak, Mehmet Gerdes, Ruediger Drange, Helge Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David A. Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Boening, Claus Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Nurser, A. J. George Rabe, Benjamin Roth, Christina Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. TI An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Sea ice; Freshwater; CORE II atmospheric forcing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SIMULATIONS; FRAM STRAIT; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; THICKNESS; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY AB The Arctic Ocean simulated in fourteen global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase 11 (CORE 11) is analyzed. The focus is on the Arctic sea ice extent, the solid freshwater (FW) sources and solid freshwater content (FWC). Available observations are used for model evaluation. The variability of sea ice extent and solid FW budget is more consistently reproduced than their mean state in the models. The descending trend of September sea ice extent is well simulated in terms of the model ensemble mean. Models overestimating sea ice thickness tend to underestimate the descending trend of September sea ice extent. The models underestimate the observed sea ice thinning trend by a factor of two. When averaged on decadal time scales, the variation of Arctic solid FWC is contributed by those of both sea ice production and sea ice transport, which are out of phase in time. The solid FWC decreased in the recent decades, caused mainly by the reduction in sea ice thickness. The models did not simulate the acceleration of sea ice thickness decline, leading to an underestimation of solid FWC trend after 2000. The common model behavior, including the tendency to underestimate the trend of sea ice thickness and March sea ice extent, remains to be improved. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qiang; Gerdes, Ruediger; Danilov, Sergey; Rabe, Benjamin; Wang, Xuezhu] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ilicak, Mehmet; Bentsen, Mats] Uni Res Ltd, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Aksenov, Yevgeny; Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bailey, David A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Jahn, Alexandra; Large, William G.; Yeager, Steve G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Roth, Christina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe; Fernandez, Elodie; Valcke, Sophie] CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Curry, Beth; Lee, Craig] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Iovino, Doroteaciro; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterrarteo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lique, Camille] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Lique, Camille] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Masina, Simona] INGV, Bologna, Italy. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM Qiang.Wang@awi.de RI Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016; OI Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390 FU Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project; Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; Research Council of Norway through the Earth-Clim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; U. S.National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR4310138]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme; UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project [NE/I028947] FX 2The WCRP/CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organizing the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from the international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices. We are grateful for the efforts of modelers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE-II experiments. We thank Randi Ingvaldsen for providing us with the ocean transport data at the Barents Sea Opening. Comments by two reviewers and Claudia Wekerle, Richard Great batch and Tor Eldevik helped to improve the manuscript. AWL is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Q. Wang is funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project. C. Roth was supported by the Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03F0651B. The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the Earth-Clim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. NCAR is sponsored by the U. S.National Science Foundation (NSF). S.G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163 and NA13OAR4310138 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR. Y. Aksenov, A.J.G. Nurser, and A.C. Coward were partly funded from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme. Y. Aksenov was also partly supported by the UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project (NE/I028947/). The NOC-ORCA simulations were performed using the NOC local computing facilities and the cluster MOBILIS. The AWI-FESOM and Kiel-ORCA05 experiments were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 110 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800008 ER PT J AU Neveu, E Moore, AM Edwards, CA Fiechter, J Drake, P Crawford, WJ Jacox, MG Nuss, E AF Neveu, Emilie Moore, Andrew M. Edwards, Christopher A. Fiechter, Jerome Drake, Patrick Crawford, William J. Jacox, Michael G. Nuss, Emma TI An historical analysis of the California Current circulation using ROMS 4D-Var: System configuration and diagnostics SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE California Current; Data assimilation; 4D-Var ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; OCEAN MODELING SYSTEM; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; OBSERVATION-SPACE; MESOSCALE EDDIES; QUALITY-CONTROL; PART I; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; SEA AB The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation tool has been used to compute two sequences of circulation analyses for the U.S. west coast. One sequence of analyses spans the period 1980-2010 and is subject to surface forcing derived from relatively low resolution atmospheric products from the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform wind product (CCMP) and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis project. The second sequence spans the shorter period 1999-2012 and is subject to forcing derived from a high resolution product from the Naval Research Laboratory Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The two analysis periods are divided into eight day windows, and all available satellite observations of sea surface temperature and sea surface height, as well as in situ hydrographic profiles are assimilated into ROMS using 4D-Var. The performance of the system is monitored in terms of the cost function and the statistics of the innovations, and the impact of data assimilated on the circulation is assessed by comparing the posterior circulation estimates with the prior circulation and the circulation from a run of the model without data assimilation, with particular emphasis on eddy kinetic energy. This is part I of a two part series, and the circulation variability of the 4D-Var analyses will be documented in part II. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Neveu, Emilie] Rhone Alpes Res Ctr, INRIA, Grenoble, France. [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Christopher A.; Fiechter, Jerome; Drake, Patrick; Crawford, William J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. [Jacox, Michael G.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Nuss, Emma] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Moore, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95067 USA. EM ammoore@ucsc.edu OI Neveu, Emilie/0000-0002-2835-1502; Crawford, William/0000-0003-1252-1148 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1061434]; CNES FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (OCE 1061434). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/). We are also grateful to the three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript content. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.201.5.11.012 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DG0YT UT WOS:000371792800009 ER PT J AU Stailey, JE Hondl, KD AF Stailey, Judson E. Hondl, Kurt D. TI Multifunction Phased Array Radar for Aircraft and Weather Surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Aircraft surveillance; cylindrical array; dual polarization; multifunction phased array radar (MPAR); polarimetric; slot-dipole; weather radar AB Multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) is a multiagency initiative to investigate the feasibility of replacing the aircraft surveillance and weather radar fleets in the US with a network of phased array radars based on a single, scalable architecture. The Federal Aviation Administration and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration have been collaborating on MPAR risk reduction, which focuses on reducing cost, ensuring that the technology could accomplish all the missions within radar timelines, and developing dual polarization (dual pol) capability. The agencies have completed siting, cost, spectrum, dual pol, and back end studies, among others; have developed three dual pol architectures; and are building operational arrays to demonstrate that the technology can meet the basic needs of the agencies. C1 [Stailey, Judson E.] NOAA, Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hondl, Kurt D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Stailey, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Hondl, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM judson.stailey@noaa.gov; kurt.hondl@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2491179 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DG3ZX UT WOS:000372010800014 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Adams, R Curtis, CD Forren, E Forsyth, DE Ivic, IR Priegnitz, D Thompson, J Warde, DA AF Torres, Sebastian M. Adams, Richard Curtis, Christopher D. Forren, Eddie Forsyth, Douglas E. Ivic, Igor R. Priegnitz, David Thompson, John Warde, David A. TI Adaptive-Weather-Surveillance and Multifunction Capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Meteorological radar; multifunction radar; phased arrays AB The National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) is maintained and operated by NOAA's National Severe Storm Laboratory in Norman, OK, USA. It is a phased array radar (PAR) that was established to evaluate the potential to perform aircraft and weather surveillance with a single, multi-function radar. The NWRT PAR is also being used to demonstrate advanced weather-surveillance concepts that are well suited to the unique capabilities offered by phased arrays. This paper provides an overview of the adaptive-weather-surveillance and multifunction capabilities of this system. C1 [Torres, Sebastian M.; Adams, Richard; Curtis, Christopher D.; Forren, Eddie; Forsyth, Douglas E.; Ivic, Igor R.; Priegnitz, David; Thompson, John; Warde, David A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.; Adams, Richard; Curtis, Christopher D.; Forren, Eddie; Forsyth, Douglas E.; Ivic, Igor R.; Priegnitz, David; Thompson, John; Warde, David A.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, OAR, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, OAR, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Sebastian.Torres@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 3 BP 660 EP 672 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2484288 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DG3ZX UT WOS:000372010800015 ER PT J AU Myers, GA Michaels, CA Cook, RF AF Myers, Grant A. Michaels, Chris A. Cook, Robert F. TI Quantitative mapping of stress heterogeneity in polycrystalline alumina using hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Stress and strain; Alumina (alpha-Al2O3); Mapping; Image analysis ID TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA-ALUMINA; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; CHROMIUM-DOPED SAPPHIRE; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; IN-SITU; OPTICAL FLUORESCENCE; AL2O3/SIC NANOCOMPOSITES; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BRIDGING STRESSES; PIEZOSPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION AB The microstructurally-induced heterogeneous stress fields arising in a series of Cr-doped polycrystalline alumina materials are mapped with sub-micrometer sub-grain size resolution using fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of the hyperspectral data sets generated during imaging enabled both the amplitude and position of the characteristic Cr R1 fluorescence peak to be determined at every pixel in an image. The peak amplitude information was used to segment the images into individual grains and grain boundary regions. The peak position information, in conjunction with measurements on single-crystal controls, was used to quantify overall stress distributions in the materials and provide stress scales for maps. The combined information enabled spatial variations in the stress fields in crystallographic axes to be mapped and compared directly with microstructural features such as grains and grain boundaries. The mean c-axis stresses in these materials were approximately 200 MPa with stress distribution widths of about 70 MPa, both increasing with average grain size. Greatest variations in stress were observed at grain junctions; no trend in the stress for individual grains with grain size was observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Myers, Grant A.; Michaels, Chris A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myers, Grant A.] WellDog, Gas Sensing Technol Corp, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brombyers@gmail.com; Chris.michaels@nist.gov; robert.cook@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]; PHS HHS NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 106 BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.020 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DF8ZP UT WOS:000371650300028 PM 27563278 ER PT J AU Axson, JL Shen, HR Bondy, AL Landry, CC Welz, J Creamean, JM Ault, AP AF Axson, Jessica L. Shen, Hongru Bondy, Amy L. Landry, Christopher C. Welz, Jason Creamean, Jessie M. Ault, Andrew P. TI Transported Mineral Dust Deposition Case Study at a Hydrologically Sensitive Mountain Site: Size and Composition Shifts in Ambient Aerosol and Snowpack SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Mineral dust; Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric chemistry; Climate change; Long-range transport; Radiative effects ID ICE NUCLEATION; PARTICLES; PRECIPITATION; COMBINATION; MICROSCOPY; ALBEDO; RAMAN; IRON; EDX AB Transported mineral dust deposition to remote mountain snow decreases snow albedo and increases absorption of solar radiation, which accelerates snowpack melt and alters water supply. Mineralogy and chemical composition determine dust particle optical properties, which vary by source region. While impacts of dust deposition at remote mountain sites have been established, few studies have connected the chemical composition of ambient particles during deposition events with the properties of those deposited on the snowpack. Ambient particles and surface snow were sampled in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, which frequently experiences dust deposition in the spring and has evidence of dust-enhanced snow melt. Individual particles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in the top level of snow were determined with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). During a minor dust event (April 2-3, 2015), the fraction of absorbing iron-enriched dust in the ambient aerosol, the number concentration, and size of insoluble residues in snow all increased. This can be traced to shifts in mineral dust source region within the Colorado Plateau, during which, there were higher wind speeds leading to increased transport. The shift in chemical composition and mineralogy of the transported dust has the potential to impact snowpack radiative forcing during dry deposition. In addition, it can also modify the snowpack through scavenging of particles during wet deposition, as well as alter the properties of clouds and orographic precipitation. Understanding these impacts is crucial to understanding the hydrological cycle at remote mountain sites. C1 [Axson, Jessica L.; Shen, Hongru; Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bondy, Amy L.; Ault, Andrew P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landry, Christopher C.; Welz, Jason] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Creamean, Jessie M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ault, AP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Ault, AP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Creamean, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov; aulta@umich.edu RI Ault, Andrew/E-4594-2011; OI Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559; Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 20 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0346 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900008 ER PT J AU Sharma, NCP Barnes, JE AF Sharma, Nimmi C. P. Barnes, John E. TI Boundary Layer Characteristics over a High Altitude Station, Mauna Loa Observatory SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Boundary layer; Aerosol; Lidar; CLidar; High altitude station ID CAMERA LIDAR; AEROSOL; INSTRUMENT; WIND AB The unique boundary layer at Mauna Loa Observatory (3396 meters) is examined with a combination of radiosondes launched from the observatory and a novel aerosol profiling technique called CLidar or camera lidar. This boundary layer is influenced by a combination of radiation winds, due to the heating and cooling of the surrounding lava, and off-island winds. Typically an upslope surface wind forms after sunrise as the ground heats up. The reverse occurs after sunset as the ground cools and a temperature inversion, tens of meters thick forms. Aerosol increases for the first 90 to 160 meters and then decreases to free tropospheric levels. The 90 to 160 m aerosol peak indicates the vicinity of the upslope/downslope interface in the air flow. An upper transition is seen in the aerosol gradient at about 600 meters above the observatory (4000 m Above Sea Level). This transition is also seen in radiosonde potential temperature data. The sondes indicate that the air above the nighttime downslope surface region usually has an upslope component. Some of this counter-flowing air can be entrained in the downslope air, possibly influencing the sampling of aerosols and trace gases at the observatory. C1 [Sharma, Nimmi C. P.] Cent Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Britain, CT 06050 USA. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. EM John.E.Barnes@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 729 EP 737 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0347 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900022 ER PT J AU Hallar, AG Petersen, R McCubbin, IB Lowenthal, D Lee, S Andrews, E Yu, FQ AF Hallar, A. Gannet Petersen, Ross McCubbin, Ian B. Lowenthal, Doug Lee, Shanhu Andrews, Elisabeth Yu, Fangqun TI Climatology of New Particle Formation and Corresponding Precursors at Storm Peak Laboratory SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE New particle formation; Mountain site; Sulfur dioxide measurements ID CONTINENTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-ALTITUDE SITE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEATION EVENTS; LONG-TERM; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; AEROSOL FORMATION; AIR-QUALITY AB Thirteen years of measurements of ultrafine (3-10 nm diameter) aerosols are presented from a remote high elevation (3210 m a.s.l.) site in Colorado, Storm Peak Laboratory. Previous work has shown that frequent new particle formation (NPF) occurs regularly at the site (52% of days). This long-term climatology of ultrafine aerosols clearly shows a seasonal dependence on new particle formation at Storm Peak Laboratory, reaching a maximum during the spring season and a minimum in summer. Recent sulfur dioxide data indicates a strong source region west of Storm Peak Laboratory, and this wind direction corresponds to the predominant wind direction observed during NPF events. C1 [Hallar, A. Gannet; Petersen, Ross; McCubbin, Ian B.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Lowenthal, Doug] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Lee, Shanhu] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, Fangqun] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hallar, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. EM gannet.hallar@dri.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 816 EP 826 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0341 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900028 ER PT J AU Sheridan, P Andrews, E Schmeisser, L Vasel, B Ogren, J AF Sheridan, Patrick Andrews, Elisabeth Schmeisser, Lauren Vasel, Brian Ogren, John TI Aerosol Measurements at South Pole: Climatology and Impact of Local Contamination SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Aerosol monitoring; Clean Air Sector; Wind sector screening ID CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTERS; BLACK CARBON MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; DECADAL TRENDS; SURFACE; CALIBRATION; VARIABILITY; ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERE; STATIONS AB The Atmospheric Research Observatory (ARO), part of the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, is located at one of the cleanest and most remote sites on earth. NOAA has been making atmospheric baseline measurements at South Pole since the mid-1970's. The pristine conditions and high elevation make the South Pole a desirable location for many types of research projects and since the early 2000's there have been multiple construction projects to accommodate both a major station renovation and additional research activities and their personnel. The larger population and increased human activity at the station, located in such close proximity to the global baseline measurements conducted at the ARO, calls into question the potential effects of local contamination of the long-term background measurements. In this work, the long-term wind and aerosol climatologies were updated and analyzed for trends. Winds blow toward the ARO from the Clean Air Sector similar to 88% of the time and while there is some year-to-year variability in this number, the long-term wind speed and direction measurements at South Pole have not changed appreciably in the last 35 years. Several human activity markers including station population, aircraft flights and fuel usage were used as surrogates for local aerosol emissions; peak human activity (and thus likely local emissions) occurred in the 2006 and 2007 austral summer seasons. The long-term aerosol measurements at ARO do not peak during these seasons, suggesting that the quality control procedures in place to identify and exclude continuous sources of local contamination are working and that the NSF's sector management plan for the Clean Air Sector is effective. No significant trends over time were observed in particle number concentration, aerosol light scattering coefficient, or any aerosol parameter except scattering Angstrom exponent, which showed a drop of similar to 0.02 yr(-1) over the 36-year record. The effect of discrete local contamination events in the Clean Air Sector is discussed using one well-documented example. C1 [Sheridan, Patrick; Andrews, Elisabeth; Schmeisser, Lauren; Vasel, Brian; Ogren, John] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andrews, Elisabeth; Schmeisser, Lauren] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sheridan, P (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov OI andrews, elisabeth/0000-0002-9394-024X NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 855 EP 872 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0358 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900031 ER PT J AU Chambers, SD Williams, AG Conen, F Griffiths, AD Reimann, S Steinbacher, M Krummel, PB Steele, LP van der Schoot, MV Galbally, IE Molloy, SB Barnes, JE AF Chambers, Scott D. Williams, Alastair G. Conen, Franz Griffiths, Alan D. Reimann, Stefan Steinbacher, Martin Krummel, Paul B. Steele, L. Paul van der Schoot, Marcel V. Galbally, Ian E. Molloy, Suzie B. Barnes, John E. TI Towards a Universal "Baseline" Characterisation of Air Masses for High- and Low-Altitude Observing Stations Using Radon-222 SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO DE Rn-222; Clean air; Mountain site; Terrestrial influence; Greenhouse gases ID ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; MAUNA-LOA; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; NORTH PACIFIC; RADON 222; TRANSPORT AB We demonstrate the ability of atmospheric radon concentrations to reliably and unambiguously identify local and remote terrestrial influences on an air mass, and thereby the potential for alteration of trace gas composition by anthropogenic and biogenic processes. Based on high accuracy (lower limit of detection 10-40 mBq m(-3)), high temporal resolution (hourly) measurements of atmospheric radon concentration we describe, apply and evaluate a simple two-step method for identifying and characterising constituent mole fractions in baseline air. The technique involves selecting a radon-based threshold concentration to identify the "cleanest" (least terrestrially influenced) air masses, and then performing an outlier removal step based on the distribution of constituent mole fractions in the identified clean air masses. The efficacy of this baseline selection technique is tested at three contrasting WMO GAW stations: Cape Grim (a coastal low-altitude site), Mauna Loa (a remote high-altitude island site), and Jungfraujoch (a continental high-altitude site). At Cape Grim and Mauna Loa the two-step method is at least as effective as more complicated methods employed to characterise baseline conditions, some involving up to nine steps. While it is demonstrated that Jungfraujoch air masses rarely meet the baseline criteria of the more remote sites, a selection method based on a variable monthly radon threshold is shown to produce credible "near baseline" characteristics. The seasonal peak-to-peak amplitude of recent monthly baseline CO2 mole fraction deviations from the long-term trend at Cape Grim, Mauna Loa and Jungfraujoch are estimated to be 1.1, 6.0 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. C1 [Chambers, Scott D.; Williams, Alastair G.; Griffiths, Alan D.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Conen, Franz] Univ Basel, Environm Geosci, Bernoullistr 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Reimann, Stefan; Steinbacher, Martin] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol Empa, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Krummel, Paul B.; Steele, L. Paul; van der Schoot, Marcel V.; Galbally, Ian E.; Molloy, Suzie B.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Chambers, SD (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM szc@ansto.gov.au RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Galbally, Ian/E-5852-2011; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Galbally, Ian/0000-0003-2383-1360; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.06.0391 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF6WQ UT WOS:000371498900033 ER PT J AU de Jongh, PE Blanchard, D Matsuo, M Udovic, TJ Orimo, S AF de Jongh, P. E. Blanchard, D. Matsuo, M. Udovic, T. J. Orimo, S. TI Complex hydrides as room-temperature solid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPERIONIC CONDUCTOR; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; NANOCONFINED LIBH4; STATE BATTERY; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; CONVERSION AB A central goal in current battery research is to increase the safety and energy density of Li-ion batteries. Electrolytes nowadays typically consist of lithium salts dissolved in organic solvents. Solid electrolytes could facilitate safer batteries with higher capacities, as they are compatible with Li-metal anodes, prevent Li dendrite formation, and eliminate risks associated with flammable organic solvents. Less than 10 years ago, LiBH4 was proposed as a solid-state electrolyte. It showed a high ionic conductivity, but only at elevated temperatures. Since then a range of other complex metal hydrides has been reported to show similar characteristics. Strategies have been developed to extend the high ionic conductivity of LiBH4 down to room temperature by partial anion substitution or nanoconfinement. The present paper reviews the recent developments in complex metal hydrides as solid electrolytes, discussing in detail LiBH4, strategies towards for fast room-temperature ionic conductors, alternative compounds, and first explorations of implementation of these electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. C1 [de Jongh, P. E.] Univ Utrecht, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Blanchard, D.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers & Storage, Roskilde, Denmark. [Matsuo, M.; Orimo, S.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Udovic, T. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orimo, S.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP de Jongh, PE (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Debye Inst Nanomat Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM P.E.deJongh@uu.nl RI Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Blanchard, Didier/G-9006-2012; de Jongh, Petra/A-4761-2009 OI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; Blanchard, Didier/0000-0001-7777-2891; de Jongh, Petra/0000-0002-2216-2620 NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 32 U2 110 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 251 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9807-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DG2GK UT WOS:000371884700015 ER PT J AU Turkovic, V Engmann, S Tsierkezos, N Hoppe, H Madsen, M Rubahn, HG Ritter, U Gobsch, G AF Turkovic, Vida Engmann, Sebastian Tsierkezos, Nikos Hoppe, Harald Madsen, Morten Rubahn, Horst-Gunter Ritter, Uwe Gobsch, Gerhard TI Long-term stabilization of organic solar cells using hydroperoxide decomposers as additives SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTION; POLYMERS; POLYPROPYLENE; AIR; STABILITY AB Stability of organic solar cells (OPV) remains a big problem on the way to their commercialization. Different approaches are being investigated: development of intrinsically more photochemically stable materials, optimization of encapsulation, and implementation of getter and UV blocking layers. In this study, we investigate stabilization of OPV devices using hydroperoxide decomposers as stabilizing additives. A set of five commercially available additives of organophosphorus, organosulfur, Ni chelate, and blocked thiol type are compared, ternary blended into the active layer, under exposure to aging under ISOS-3 degradation conditions. Improvements in long-term performance of OPV devices were observed upon stabilization with Advapak NEO-1120, lifetime was prolonged by a factor of 1.7, and accumulated power generation increased by a factor of 1.4. The stabilizing mechanisms are discussed using spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. C1 [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Madsen, Morten; Rubahn, Horst-Gunter] Univ Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Inst, DK-6400 Sonderborg, Denmark. [Engmann, Sebastian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turkovic, V (reprint author), Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. EM engmann@mci.sdu.dk RI Hoppe, Harald/P-5293-2014; Madsen, Morten/K-8597-2012 FU Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03X3516F]; Det Frie Forskningsrad; Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N FX The authors would like to thank Katrin Risch for recording the FTIR spectra and Doreen Schneider for additional CV measurements. We thankfully acknowledge Dr. Solon Economopoulos for valuable discussion on cyclic voltammetry, and Christiane Orset from Rohm and Haas Europe for material samples. Financial support from the Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding of research projects EOS (Grant Number 03X3516F), from Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N. for funding project eMotion, and Det Frie Forskningsrad for funding project StabilO is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 255 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9758-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DG2GK UT WOS:000371884700019 ER PT J AU Welch, H Pressey, RL Heron, SF Ceccarelli, DM Hobday, AJ AF Welch, Heather Pressey, Robert L. Heron, Scott F. Ceccarelli, Daniela M. Hobday, Alistair J. TI Regimes of chlorophyll-a in the Coral Sea: implications for evaluating adequacy of marine protected areas SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; CARETTA-CARETTA; RESERVE DESIGN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONSERVATION; OCEAN; AUSTRALIA; BIODIVERSITY AB Spatial management of the highly dynamic pelagic realm, and the highly mobile species it supports, requires dynamic processes to be incorporated into reserve design. To achieve this, planners need information on how these processes vary across space and time, and how this variation relates to species of conservation interest. This study presents a new method of quantifying variability that captures both between- and within-year changes in variables of interest. We applied this method to remotely-sensed chlorophyll-a in the Coral Sea to find five distinct regimes of variation that serve as surrogates for assemblages of species of conservation interest. We performed a gap analysis to determine protection of the regimes both internationally and nationally within Australia's network of marine reserves in the Coral Sea. We also identified key areas for protection within each regime, in terms of chlorophyll-a variability and species associations, and examined their protection status. Depending on conservation objectives, reserve systems that span multiple national jurisdictions and a rezoning of Australian national waters might be necessary to meet protection requirements for the regimes and for key areas within them. The current suspension and review of the Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve management plans and the recent proclamation of New Caledonia's as yet unzoned Coral Sea Nature Park offer planners an opportunity to incorporate dynamic processes into conservation planning for the Coral Sea. The method we present can be applied at other locations for time-series of any variable/s of interest, aiding the spatial management of dynamic features in both marine and terrestrial contexts. C1 [Welch, Heather] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pressey, Robert L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 675 Ross River Rd, Townsville, Qld 4817, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ceccarelli, Daniela M.] POB 215, Magnetic Isl, Qld 4819, Australia. [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Welch, H (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM heather.welch@my.jcu.edu.au RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU Australian Research Council; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The authors thank Rhondda Jones for her statistical advice. RLP acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council. SFH acknowledges support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1111/ecog.01450 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF7HN UT WOS:000371528800005 ER PT J AU Velasquez-Tibata, J Graham, CH Munch, SB AF Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge Graham, Catherine H. Munch, Stephan B. TI Using measurement error models to account for georeferencing error in species distribution models SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LOCALITY DESCRIPTIONS; REGRESSION-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; CONSERVATION; ECOLOGY; MAXENT AB Georeferencing error is prevalent in datasets used to model species distributions, inducing uncertainty in covariate values associated with species occurrences that result in biased probability of occurrence estimates. Traditionally, this error has been dealt with at the data-level by using only records with an acceptable level of error (filtering) or by summarizing covariates at sampling units by using measures of central tendency (averaging). Here we compare those previous approaches to a novel implementation of a Bayesian logistic regression with measurement error (ME), a seldom used method in species distribution modeling. We show that the ME model outperforms data-level approaches on 1) specialist species and 2) when either sample sizes are small, the georeferencing error is large or when all georeferenced occurrences have a fixed level of error. Thus, for certain types of species and datasets the ME model is an effective method to reduce biases in probability of occurrence estimates and account for the uncertainty generated by georeferencing error. Our approach may be expanded for its use with presence-only data as well as to include other sources of uncertainty in species distribution models. C1 [Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge; Graham, Catherine H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Velasquez-Tibata, Jorge] Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Velasquez-Tibata, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Velasquez-Tibata, J (reprint author), Inst Invest Recursos Biol Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. EM jivelasquezt@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX08AU26H] FX Financial support for this study was provided by NASA grant NNX08AU26H to CHG and JVT. We thank Ben Weinstein for assistance with parallel programming in R. Luis M. Renjifo, Resit Akcakaya, and Carolina Bello provided valuable comments to various versions of this manuscript. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1111/ecog.01205 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF7HN UT WOS:000371528800006 ER PT J AU Thomas, S Lu, Y Garboczi, EJ AF Thomas, Stephen Lu, Yang Garboczi, E. J. TI Improved Model for Three-Dimensional Virtual Concrete: Anm Model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Concrete and mortar; Spherical harmonics; Contact function; Uniform-thickness shell; Parallel processing; Composites; Interfacial transition zone ID INTERFACIAL TRANSITION ZONE; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; AGGREGATE PARTICLES; SIMULATION-MODEL; SHAPE; PACKING; CONDUCTIVITY; TOMOGRAPHY; SURFACES; LAYERS AB Construction aggregate particles, fine or coarse, can be scanned by X-ray computed tomography and mathematically characterized using spherical harmonic series, and can then be used to simulate random parking of irregular aggregates to form a virtual mortar or concrete using the Anm model. Any other similar composite system of irregular (star-shaped) particles in a matrix can also be simulated. This paper integrates two new algorithms into the Anm model. The first new algorithm is the extent overlap box (EOB) method that detects interparticle contact, and the second is the capability of adding a uniform-thickness shell to each particle. Parameter analysis has shown that the EOB method leads to a more accurate detection of interparticle contact with a smaller computational cost than the previously used Newton-Raphson method. The uniform-thickness shell provides a customizable tool to control the minimum intersurface distance of particles during the parking process, as well as to simulate processes and microstructure that are dependent on the Euclidean distance from a particle surface. For mortar and concrete, the uniform-thickness shell can represent the observed interfacial transition zone (ITZ) structure. A parallel processing application programming interface (API) was integrated into the Anm model to accelerate the particle placement process by parallel optimization, which results in significant improvements in the packing efficiency on multicore processor systems. This significant speedup as well the improved contact function and new uniform-thickness shell algorithm greatly extend the range, size, and type of particle systems that can be studied. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Thomas, Stephen] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Lu, Yang] Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Garboczi, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM stephenthomas1@u.boisestate.edu; yanglufrank@boisestate.edu; edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU Boise State University's New Faculty Start-up Fund; National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology; Micron Technology; Boise State University FX The support of Boise State University's New Faculty Start-up Fund is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science-Shape Metrology for partial support of this work. The authors also want to extend their thanks to Micron Technology's fellowship program, and acknowledge the support of the Boise State University's R1 supercomputing facilities in performing the numerical tests and simulations. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 AR 04015027 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000494 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DF9OJ UT WOS:000371690400023 ER PT J AU Nearing, GS Mocko, DM Peters-Lidard, CD Kumar, SV Xia, YL AF Nearing, Grey S. Mocko, David M. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Kumar, Sujay V. Xia, Youlong TI Benchmarking NLDAS-2 Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration to Separate Uncertainty Contributions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land surface model; Model evaluation/performance; Models and modeling ID LAND-SURFACE MODELS; INFORMATION; ASSIMILATION; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; FLUXNET; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; FUTURE; ENERGY AB Model benchmarking allows us to separate uncertainty in model predictions caused by model inputs from uncertainty due to model structural error. This method is extended with a "large sample" approach (using data from multiple field sites) to measure prediction uncertainty caused by errors in 1) forcing data, 2) model parameters, and 3) model structure, and use it to compare the efficiency of soil moisture state and evapotranspiration flux predictions made by the four land surface models in phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2). Parameters dominated uncertainty in soil moisture estimates and forcing data dominated uncertainty in evapotranspiration estimates; however, the models themselves used only a fraction of the information available to them. This means that there is significant potential to improve all three components of NLDAS-2. In particular, continued work toward refining the parameter maps and lookup tables, the forcing data measurement and processing, and also the land surface models themselves, has potential to result in improved estimates of surface mass and energy balances. C1 [Nearing, Grey S.; Mocko, David M.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Kumar, Sujay V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 617,Bldg 33,Rm G205, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nearing, Grey S.; Mocko, David M.; Kumar, Sujay V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Xia, Youlong] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nearing, GS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 617,Bldg 33,Rm G205, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM grey.s.nearing@nasa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; NASA's Earth-Sun System Division FX Thank you to Martyn Clark (NCAR) for his help with organizing the presentation. The NLDAS-2 data used in this study were acquired as part of NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). Funding for AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0063.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NN UT WOS:000371472600002 ER PT J AU Wen, YX Kirstetter, P Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Cao, Q Zhang, J Flamig, Z Xue, XW AF Wen, Yixin Kirstetter, Pierre Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Cao, Qing Zhang, Jian Flamig, Zac Xue, Xianwu TI Evaluation of a Method to Enhance Real-Time, Ground Radar-Based Rainfall Estimates Using Climatological Profiles of Reflectivity from Space SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Precipitation; Satellite observations; Radars/Radar observations ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; IDENTIFICATION; QPE; PRODUCT; SYSTEM; RANGE; BAND AB Over mountainous terrain, ground weather radars face limitations in monitoring surface precipitation as they are affected by radar beam blockages along with the range-dependent biases due to beam broadening and increase in altitude with range. These issues are compounded by precipitation structures that are relatively shallow and experience growth at low levels due to orographic enhancement. To improve surface precipitation estimation, researchers at the University of Oklahoma have demonstrated the benefits of integrating the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) products into the ground-based NEXRAD rainfall estimation system using a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) identification and enhancement (VPR-IE) approach. However, the temporal resolution of TRMM limits the application of VPR-IE method operationally. To implement the VPR-IE concept into the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor QPE (NMQ) system in real time, climatological VPRs from 11 years of TRMM PR observations have been characterized for different stratiform/convective rain types, seasons, and surface rain intensities. Then, these representative profiles are used to adjust ground radar-based precipitation estimates in the NMQ system based on different precipitation structures. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the newly developed climatological VPR-IE (CVPR-IE) method on winter events (January, February, and December) in 2011. The statistical analysis reveals that the CVPR-IE method provides a clear improvement over the original radar QPE in the NMQ system for the study region. Compared to physically based VPRs from real-time PR measurements, climatological VPRs have limitations in representing precipitation structure for individual events. A hybrid correction scheme incorporating both climatological and real-time VPR information is desired for better skill in the future. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Kirstetter, Pierre; Hong, Yang; Flamig, Zac; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang; Xue, Xianwu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat, Enterprise, AL USA. [Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission Program; NASA GPM Ground Validation Program; NASA Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Program; Southern-Central Climate Science Center; NSSL; University of Oklahoma FX This research was funded by NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission Program, NASA GPM Ground Validation Program, and NASA Short-Term Prediction Research and Transition Program. Partial support for this research is from Southern-Central Climate Science Center. We also would like to thank the support from NSSL and University of Oklahoma personnel who maintain and operate the MRMS system. Constructive reviews provided by three anonymous reviewers improved the readability of this manuscript. Their time is appreciated. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 761 EP 775 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0062.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NP UT WOS:000371472800001 ER PT J AU Cocks, SB Martinaitis, SM Kaney, B Zhang, J Howard, K AF Cocks, Stephen B. Martinaitis, Steven M. Kaney, Brian Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth TI MRMS QPE Performance during the 2013/14 Cool Season SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Radars/Radar observations; Snowfall; Rainfall; Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PRECIPITATION DATA; BEAM BLOCKAGE; RADAR; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB A recently implemented operational quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product, the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) radar-only QPE (Q3RAD), mosaicked dual-polarization QPE, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stage II QPE were evaluated for nine cool season precipitation events east of the Rockies. These automated, radar-only products were compared with the forecaster quality-controlled NCEP stage IV product, which was considered as the benchmark for QPE. Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) 24-h accumulation data were used to evaluate product performance while hourly automated gauge data (quality controlled) were used for spatial and time series analysis. Statistical analysis indicated all three radar-only products had a distinct underestimate bias, likely due to the radar beam partially or completely overshooting the predominantly shallow winter precipitation systems. While the forecaster quality-controlled NCEP stage IV estimates had the best overall performance, Q3RAD had the next best performance, which was significant as Q3RAD is available in real time whereas NCEP stage IV estimates are not. Stage II estimates exhibited a distinct tendency to underestimate gauge totals while dual-polarization estimates exhibited significant errors related to melting layer challenges. C1 [Cocks, Stephen B.; Martinaitis, Steven M.; Kaney, Brian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cocks, Stephen B.; Martinaitis, Steven M.; Kaney, Brian; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Cocks, SB (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stephen.cocks@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Radar Operations Center technical transfer memorandum of agreement FX We thank Alexander Ryzhkov and Dusan Zrnic and the anonymous reviewers for providing many useful comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, as well as the Radar Operations Center technical transfer memorandum of agreement. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 791 EP 810 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0095.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6NR UT WOS:000371473000002 ER PT J AU Rudnick, PA Markey, SP Roth, J Mirokhin, Y Yan, XJ Tchekhovskoi, DV Edwards, NJ Thangudu, RR Ketchum, KA Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Rodriguez, H Stein, SE AF Rudnick, Paul A. Markey, Sanford P. Roth, Jeri Mirokhin, Yuri Yan, Xinjian Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V. Edwards, Nathan J. Thangudu, Ratna R. Ketchum, Karen A. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Rodriguez, Henry Stein, Stephen E. TI A Description of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) Common Data Analysis Pipeline SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics data resource; bioinformatics; cancer; CPTAC; data analysis pipeline ID PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEARCH; CANCER AB The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has produced large proteomics data sets from the mass spectrometric interrogation of tumor samples previously analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. The availability of the genomic and proteomic data is enabling proteogenomic study for both reference (i.e., contained in major sequence databases) and nonreference markers of cancer. The CPTAC laboratories have focused on colon, breast, and ovarian tissues in the first round of analyses; spectra from these data sets were produced from 2D liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses and represent deep coverage. To reduce the variability introduced by disparate data analysis platforms (e.g., software packages, versions, parameters, sequence databases, etc.), the CPTAC Common Data Analysis Platform (CDAP) was created. The CDAP produces both peptide-spectrum-match (PSM) reports and gene-level reports. The pipeline processes raw mass spectrometry data according to the following: (1) peak-picking and quantitative data extraction, (2) database searching, (3) gene based protein parsimony, and (4) false-discovery rate-based filtering. The pipeline also produces localization scores for the phosphopeptide enrichment studies using the PhosphoRS program. Quantitative information for each of the data sets is specific to the sample processing, with PSM and protein reports containing the spectrum-level or gene-level ("rolled-up") precursor peak areas and spectral counts for label-free or reporter ion log-ratios for 4plex iTRAQ The reports are available in simple tab delimited formats and, for the PSM-reports, in mzIdentML. The goal of the CDAP is to provide standard, uniform reports for all of the CPTAC data to enable comparisons between different samples and cancer types as well as across the major omics fields. C1 [Rudnick, Paul A.] Spectragen Informat, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.; Markey, Sanford P.; Roth, Jeri; Mirokhin, Yuri; Yan, Xinjian; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Edwards, Nathan J.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Thangudu, Ratna R.; Ketchum, Karen A.] ESAC Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Off Canc Clin Prote Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rudnick, PA (reprint author), Spectragen Informat, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA.; Rudnick, PA (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.rudnick@spectragen-informatics.com FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E] FX The authors thank all of the contributing CPTAC laboratories for their work generating these large datasets and for valuable feedback during the design and testing phases of the pipeline. In particular, the authors would like to thank Karl Clauser and Philip Mertins (Broad Institute); Sam Payne, Matt Monroe, and Tao Liu (PNNL); David Fenyo (NYU); Rob Slebos, Bing Zhang, and David Tabb (Vanderbilt University Medical Center); Bai Zhang (JHU); and Alexey Nesvizhskii (UMich). We are also grateful to Nuno Bandeira and June Snedecor for their help with assessing phosphosite assignment algorithms. NCI CPTAC 2 NIST/NCI IAA ACO13004 ("Proteomics Measurement Quality Assurance Program"). This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; in addition, mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Certain commercial instruments are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; in addition, it does not imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01091 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DG0KQ UT WOS:000371754100035 PM 26860878 ER PT J AU Slivinski, L Snyder, C AF Slivinski, Laura Snyder, Chris TI Exploring Practical Estimates of the Ensemble Size Necessary for Particle Filters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Statistical techniques; Nonlinear models; Ensembles; Data assimilation; Models and modeling; Mathematical and statistical techniques ID SEQUENTIAL MONTE-CARLO; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; SAMPLING METHODS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Particle filtering methods for data assimilation may suffer from the "curse of dimensionality," where the required ensemble size grows rapidly as the dimension increases. It would, therefore, be useful to know a priori whether a particle filter is feasible to implement in a given system. Previous work provides an asymptotic relation between the necessary ensemble size and an exponential function of [GRAPHICS] , a statistic that depends on observation-space quantities and that is related to the system dimension when the number of observations is large; for linear, Gaussian systems, the statistic [GRAPHICS] can be computed from eigenvalues of an appropriately normalized covariance matrix. Tests with a low-dimensional system show that these asymptotic results remain useful when the system is nonlinear, with either the standard or optimal proposal implementation of the particle filter. This study explores approximations to the covariance matrices that facilitate computation in high-dimensional systems, as well as different methods to estimate the accumulated system noise covariance for the optimal proposal. Since [GRAPHICS] may be approximated using an ensemble from a simpler data assimilation scheme, such as the ensemble Kalman filter, the asymptotic relations thus allow an estimate of the ensemble size required for a particle filter before its implementation. Finally, the improved performance of particle filters with the optimal proposal, relative to those using the standard proposal, in the same low-dimensional system is demonstrated. C1 [Slivinski, Laura] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Slivinski, Laura] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Slivinski, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Slivinski, L (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.slivinski@noaa.gov FU NSF [DMS-0907904, DMS-1148284]; ONR through DOD (MURI) [N000141110087]; NCAR's Advanced Study Program FX Slivinski was supported by the NSF through Grants DMS-0907904 and DMS-1148284, by ONR through DOD (MURI) Grant N000141110087, and by NCAR's Advanced Study Program during a collaborative visit to NCAR. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00303.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PL UT WOS:000371477600002 ER PT J AU Duell, RS Van Den Broeke, MS AF Duell, Rebecca S. Van Den Broeke, Matthew S. TI Climatology, Synoptic Conditions, and Misanalyses of Mississippi River Valley Drylines SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale forecasting; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Forecasting; Mesoscale processes; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Drylines; Operational forecasting ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; 3-4 APRIL 1974; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; SUPER OUTBREAK; LEE TROUGH; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; REANALYSIS AB The dryline is an important focal point for convection initiation. Although drylines most commonly occur on the southern Great Plains, dryline passages and subsequent severe weather outbreaks have been documented in the Mississippi River valley. This study presents a 15-yr (1999-2013) climatology of these Mississippi River valley drylines and associated severe weather. Additionally, synoptic patterns are identified that may result in drylines moving atypically far eastward into the Mississippi River valley. In total, 39 Mississippi River valley drylines (hereafter referred to as MRV drylines) were identified from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset through the study period. Mean and anomaly synoptic composites were created for these drylines. MRV dryline events typically occur under synoptically active conditions with an amplified upper-air pattern, a 500-hPa shortwave trough to the west or northwest of the dryline, and a strong surface cyclone to the north. These boundaries are often misanalyzed or inconsistently analyzed as cold fronts, stationary fronts, or trough axes on surface maps; of the 33 cases of identified MRV drylines for which the Weather Prediction Center archived analyses were available, only 6 were correctly analyzed as drylines. Drylines moving into the Mississippi River valley often result in severe weather outbreaks in the Mississippi River valley, the Midwest, and the southeastern United States. C1 [Duell, Rebecca S.; Van Den Broeke, Matthew S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Duell, RS (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage Forecast Off, 6930 Sand Lake Rd, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. EM rebecca.duell@noaa.gov FU research assistantship at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX The lead author was supported by a research assistantship at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the coauthor was supported by an academic appointment. Drs. Adam Houston and Mark Anderson provided helpful guidance and insight throughout the project. Dr. David Schultz, Phil Bergmaier, and an anonymous reviewer provided reviews that substantially strengthened the manuscript. The Air Resources Lab (www.arl.noaa.gov) is acknowledged for providing HYSPLIT trajectories. The University of Wyoming provided archived upper-air observations (http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html). WeatherScope software from the Oklahoma Climatological Survey (https://www.mesonet.org/index.php/weather/weatherscope) was used to generate plots of historic surface data (Figs. 8-10). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 927 EP 943 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0108.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PP UT WOS:000371478100001 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Moore, BJ White, AB Wick, GA Aikins, J Jackson, DL Spackman, JR Ralph, FM AF Neiman, Paul J. Moore, Benjamin J. White, Allen B. Wick, Gary A. Aikins, Joshua Jackson, Darren L. Spackman, J. Ryan Ralph, F. Martin TI An Airborne and Ground-Based Study of a Long-Lived and Intense Atmospheric River with Mesoscale Frontal Waves Impacting California during CalWater-2014 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale processes; Precipitation; Orographic effects; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Dropsondes; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Coastal meteorology; Radars/Radar observations; Observational techniques and algorithms; Circulation/ Dynamics ID TROPICAL MOISTURE EXPORTS; LANDFALLING WINTER STORM; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WEST-COAST; PRECIPITATION IMPACTS; MELTING LAYER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BARRIER JETS; CALJET AB The wettest period during the CalWater-2014 winter field campaign occurred with a long-lived, intense atmospheric river (AR) that impacted California on 7-10 February. The AR was maintained in conjunction with the development and propagation of three successive mesoscale frontal waves. Based on Lagrangian trajectory analysis, moist air of tropical origin was tapped by the AR and was subsequently transported into California. Widespread heavy precipitation (200-400 mm) fell across the coastal mountain ranges northwest of San Francisco and across the northern Sierra Nevada, although only modest flooding ensued due to anomalously dry antecedent conditions. A NOAA G-IV aircraft flew through two of the frontal waves in the AR environment offshore during a ~24-h period. Parallel dropsonde curtains documented key three-dimensional thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics across the AR and the frontal waves prior to landfall. The AR characteristics varied, depending on the location of the cross section through the frontal waves. A newly implemented tail-mounted Doppler radar on the G-IV simultaneously captured coherent precipitation features. Along the coast, a 449-MHz wind profiler and collocated global positioning system (GPS) receiver documented prolonged AR conditions linked to the propagation of the three frontal waves and highlighted the orographic character of the coastal-mountain rainfall with the waves' landfall. A vertically pointing S-PROF radar in the coastal mountains provided detailed information on the bulk microphysical characteristics of the rainfall. Farther inland, a pair of 915-MHz wind profilers and GPS receivers quantified the orographic precipitation forcing as the AR ascended the Sierra Nevada, and as the terrain-induced Sierra barrier jet ascended the northern terminus of California's Central Valley. C1 [Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Aikins, Joshua; Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aikins, Joshua; Jackson, Darren L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] NOAA, Sci & Technol Corp, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.j.neiman@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1144 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0319.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PY UT WOS:000371479200005 ER PT J AU Shin, HH Dudhia, J AF Shin, Hyeyum Hailey Dudhia, Jimy TI Evaluation of PBL Parameterizations in WRF at Subkilometer Grid Spacings: Turbulence Statistics in the Dry Convective Boundary Layer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Subgrid-scale processes; Subgrid-scale processes; Boundary layer; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Parameterization; Circulation/ Dynamics; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Forecasting; Turbulence ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; GRAY-ZONE RESOLUTIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TERRA-INCOGNITA; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; MIXED LAYERS; REPRESENTATION; SENSITIVITY; SCHEMES AB Planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in mesoscale models have been developed for horizontal resolutions that cannot resolve any turbulence in the PBL, and evaluation of these parameterizations has been focused on profiles of mean and parameterized flux. Meanwhile, the recent increase in computing power has been allowing numerical weather prediction (NWP) at horizontal grid spacings finer than 1 km, at which kilometer-scale large eddies in the convective PBL are partly resolvable. This study evaluates the performance of convective PBL parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at subkilometer grid spacings. The evaluation focuses on resolved turbulence statistics, considering expectations for improvement in the resolved fields by using the fine meshes. The parameterizations include four nonlocal schemes-Yonsei University (YSU), asymmetric convective model 2 (ACM2), eddy diffusivity mass flux (EDMF), and total energy mass flux (TEMF)-and one local scheme, the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) level-2.5 model. Key findings are as follows: 1) None of the PBL schemes is scale-aware. Instead, each has its own best performing resolution in parameterizing subgrid-scale (SGS) vertical transport and resolving eddies, and the resolution appears to be different between heat and momentum. 2) All the selected schemes reproduce total vertical heat transport well, as resolved transport compensates differences of the parameterized SGS transport from the reference SGS transport. This interaction between the resolved and SGS parts is not found in momentum. 3) Those schemes that more accurately reproduce one feature (e.g., thermodynamic transport, momentum transport, energy spectrum, or probability density function of resolved vertical velocity) do not necessarily perform well for other aspects. C1 [Shin, Hyeyum Hailey; Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Shin, HH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hyeyum.shin@noaa.gov RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Advanced Study Program (ASP) at NCAR FX We gratefully acknowledge Peggy LeMone at NCAR whose thorough review greatly improved the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for providing careful and valuable comments and giving us advice on model sensitivity tests. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL), sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The first author also thanks the Advanced Study Program (ASP) at NCAR for postdoctoral support. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1161 EP 1177 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0208.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6PY UT WOS:000371479200007 ER PT J AU Bittle, EG Basham, JI Jackson, TN Jurchescu, OD Gundlach, DJ AF Bittle, Emily G. Basham, James I. Jackson, Thomas N. Jurchescu, Oana D. Gundlach, David J. TI Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; PERFORMANCE; CHARGE; COPOLYMERS; INTERFACE AB Parameters used to describe the electrical properties of organic field-effect transistors, such as mobility and threshold voltage, are commonly extracted from measured current-voltage characteristics and interpreted by using the classical metal oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor model. However, in recent reports of devices with ultra-high mobility (> 40 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)), the device characteristics deviate from this idealized model and show an abrupt turn-on in the drain current when measured as a function of gate voltage. In order to investigate this phenomenon, here we report on single crystal rubrene transistors intentionally fabricated to exhibit an abrupt turn-on. We disentangle the channel properties from the contact resistance by using impedance spectroscopy and show that the current in such devices is governed by a gate bias dependence of the contact resistance. As a result, extracted mobility values from d.c. current-voltage characterization are overestimated by one order of magnitude or more. C1 [Bittle, Emily G.; Basham, James I.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bittle, Emily G.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Basham, James I.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 121 Elect Engn East, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. RP Bittle, EG; Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bittle, EG (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM emily.bittle@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 35 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10908 DI 10.1038/ncomms10908 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG0EQ UT WOS:000371737200001 PM 26961271 ER PT J AU Dong, WH Lin, YL Wright, JS Ming, Y Xie, YY Wang, B Luo, Y Huang, WY Huang, JB Wang, L Tian, LD Peng, YR Xu, FH AF Dong, Wenhao Lin, Yanluan Wright, Jonathon S. Ming, Yi Xie, Yuanyu Wang, Bin Luo, Yong Huang, Wenyu Huang, Jianbin Wang, Lei Tian, Lide Peng, Yiran Xu, Fanghua TI Summer rainfall over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau controlled by deep convection over the Indian subcontinent SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; WATER; MODEL; REANALYSIS; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN AB Despite the importance of precipitation and moisture transport over the Tibetan Plateau for glacier mass balance, river runoff and local ecology, changes in these quantities remain highly uncertain and poorly understood. Here we use observational data and model simulations to explore the close relationship between summer rainfall variability over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) and that over central-eastern India (CEI), which exists despite the separation of these two regions by the Himalayas. We show that this relationship is maintained primarily by 'up-and-over' moisture transport, in which hydrometeors and moisture are lifted by convective storms over CEI and the Himalayan foothills and then swept over the SWTP by the mid-tropospheric circulation, rather than by upslope flow over the Himalayas. Sensitivity simulations confirm the importance of up-and-over transport at event scales, and an objective storm classification indicates that this pathway accounts for approximately half of total summer rainfall over the SWTP. C1 [Dong, Wenhao; Lin, Yanluan; Wright, Jonathon S.; Xie, Yuanyu; Wang, Bin; Luo, Yong; Huang, Wenyu; Huang, Jianbin; Peng, Yiran; Xu, Fanghua] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Dong, Wenhao; Lin, Yanluan; Wright, Jonathon S.; Xie, Yuanyu; Wang, Bin; Luo, Yong; Huang, Wenyu; Huang, Jianbin; Peng, Yiran; Xu, Fanghua] Tsinghua Univ, Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wang, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lei; Tian, Lide] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lei; Tian, Lide] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Lin, YL (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Room S813,MengMinwei Sci Bldg,Qinghuayuan 1, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yanluan@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Huang, Wenyu/M-7584-2014; OI Huang, Wenyu/0000-0001-9722-5502; Wright, Jonathon/0000-0001-6551-7017 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013CBA01805, 2014CB441303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41322001, 41530748]; Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge the APHRODITE, TRMM, GPCP, CMAP, CLAUS, AIRS and ERA-Interim projects for preparing the precipitation, brightness temperature and other atmospheric data, and the associated data repositories (listed in Supplementary Table 2) for providing public access to these data. We further thank the climate modelling groups for producing the model output and making it available. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant 2013CBA01805 and 2014CB441303). L.W. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41322001) and the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. L.T. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41530748). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10925 DI 10.1038/ncomms10925 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF9ZG UT WOS:000371720600001 PM 26948491 ER PT J AU Krasting, JP Dunne, JP Stouffer, RJ Hallberg, RW AF Krasting, J. P. Dunne, J. P. Stouffer, R. J. Hallberg, R. W. TI Enhanced Atlantic sea-level rise relative to the Pacific under high carbon emission rates SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE RESPONSE; PART I; OCEAN; HEAT; FORMULATION; SENSITIVITY; DIOXIDE; MODEL AB Thermal expansion of the ocean in response to warming is an important component of historical sea-level rise(1). Observational studies show that the Atlantic and Southern oceans are warming faster than the Pacific Ocean(2-5). Here we present simulations using a numerical atmospheric-ocean general circulation model with an interactive carbon cycle to evaluate the impact of carbon emission rates, ranging from 2 to 25 GtC yr(-1), on basin-scale ocean heat uptake and sea level. For simulations with emission rates greater than 5 GtC yr(-1), sea-level rise is larger in the Atlantic than Pacific Ocean on centennial timescales. This basin-scale asymmetry is related to the shorter flushing timescales and weakening of the overturning circulation in the Atlantic. These factors lead to warmer Atlantic interior waters and greater thermal expansion. In contrast, low emission rates of 2 and 3 GtC yr(-1) will cause relatively larger sea-level rise in the Pacific on millennial timescales. For a given level of cumulative emissions, sea-level rise is largest at low emission rates. We conclude that Atlantic coastal areas may be particularly vulnerable to near-future sea-level rise from present-day high greenhouse gas emission rates. C1 [Krasting, J. P.; Dunne, J. P.; Stouffer, R. J.; Hallberg, R. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Krasting, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.krasting@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 210 EP U135 DI 10.1038/NGEO2641 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DF5XX UT WOS:000371427400011 ER PT J AU Plumb, KW Hwang, K Qiu, Y Harriger, LW Granroth, GE Kolesnikov, AI Shu, GJ Chou, FC Ruegg, C Kim, YB Kim, YJ AF Plumb, K. W. Hwang, Kyusung Qiu, Y. Harriger, Leland W. Granroth, G. E. Kolesnikov, Alexander I. Shu, G. J. Chou, F. C. Rueegg, Ch. Kim, Yong Baek Kim, Young-June TI Quasiparticle-continuum level repulsion in a quantum magnet SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTION; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SPIN LIQUID; SYSTEMS AB When the energy eigenvalues of two coupled quantum states approach each other in a certain parameter space, their energy levels repel each other and level crossing is avoided(1). Such level repulsion, or avoided level crossing, is commonly used to describe the dispersion relation of quasiparticles in solids(2). However, little is known about the level repulsion when more than two quasiparticles are present; for example, in a strongly interacting quantum system where a quasiparticle can spontaneously decay into a many-particle continuum(3-5). Here we show that even in this case level repulsion exists between a long-lived quasiparticle state and a continuum. In our fine-resolution neutron spectroscopy study of magnetic quasiparticles in the frustrated quantum magnet BiCu2PO6, we observe a renormalization of the quasiparticle dispersion relation due to the presence of the continuum of multi-quasiparticle states. C1 [Plumb, K. W.; Hwang, Kyusung; Kim, Yong Baek; Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Plumb, K. W.; Hwang, Kyusung; Kim, Yong Baek; Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Mat, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Harriger, Leland W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granroth, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolesnikov, Alexander I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shu, G. J.; Chou, F. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Rueegg, Ch.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering & Imaging, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Rueegg, Ch.] Univ Geneva, Dept Quantum Matter Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Kim, Yong Baek] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Quantum Mat Program, Toronto, ON MSG 1Z8, Canada. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.; Kim, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Mat, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM yjkim@physics.utoronto.ca RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778 FU NSERC of Canada; Canada Foundation for innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program; Centre for Quantum Materials at the University of Toronto; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We would also like to thank G. Uhrig, O. Tchernyshyov and S. K. Kim for helpful discussions. This research was supported by NSERC of Canada, Canada Foundation for innovation, Canada Research Chairs Program, and Centre for Quantum Materials at the University of Toronto. Work at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy (DOE). Work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 224 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHYS3566 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DF6YT UT WOS:000371505200013 ER PT J AU Samonte, GPB Eisma-Osorio, RL Amolo, R White, A AF Samonte, Giselle P. B. Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza Amolo, Rizaller White, Alan TI Economic value of a large marine ecosystem: Danajon double barrier reef, Philippines SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Economic valuation; Inter-governmental cooperation; Marine protected area ID RESOURCES; BOHOL C1 [Samonte, Giselle P. B.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza; Amolo, Rizaller] Coastal Conservat & Educ Fdn Inc, Cebu, Philippines. [White, Alan] Nature Conservancy, 923 Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Samonte, GPB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, ERT Inc, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM samonte_g@yahoo.com OI Eisma-Osorio, Rose-Liza/0000-0002-2719-4883 FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission to the Philippines [AID-492-A-11-00002] FX The authors express gratitude to financial assistance provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission to the Philippines under Cooperative Agreement No. AID-492-A-11-00002. The views expressed and opinions contained in this publication are those of the authors and are not intended as statements of policy of USAID or the authors' parent organization. The authors also thank all local government and community participants in the Danajon Bank area who participated in the survey used to gather the information essential for this study. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.01.001 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DF7RU UT WOS:000371556100002 ER PT J AU Le Henaff, M Kourafalou, V AF Le Henaff, Matthieu Kourafalou, Vassiliki H. TI Mississippi waters reaching South Florida reefs under no flood conditions: synthesis of observing and modeling system findings SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi River; Florida Straits; Connectivity; Data assimilation ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; LOW-SALINITY WATERS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; SHELF CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; RIVER FLOOD; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS AB In August 2014, in situ measurements revealed an intense salinity drop impacting South Florida coral reefs, between Pulley Ridge (Southwest Florida Shelf) and the Florida Keys. The low salinity waters had a surface signal of 32 (down from 35.2) and extended over a 15-20-m deep lens. Satellite observations showed that this abrupt drop in salinity was due to a southeastward export of Mississippi River waters from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), revealing strong interaction between coastal and oceanic flows. Unlike previous events of marked long-distance Mississippi water export, this episode is not associated with Mississippi flooding conditions, which makes it a unique study case. We have developed a high-resolution (similar to 2 km) comprehensive hydrodynamic numerical model of the GoM to study the conditions that controlled the 2014 Mississippi River water export episode. It is based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and assimilates remotely sensed altimetry and sea surface temperature observations, to ensure that the simulated upper-ocean is realistic. This regional model has a detailed representation of coastal physics (especially river plume dynamics) and employs high-frequency river discharge and atmospheric forcing. The combined use of the simulation and observations reveals a unique pathway that brought Mississippi waters first eastward along the Northern GoM continental shelf, under prevailing winds and the presence of an anticyclonic Loop Current eddy, then southward along the edge of the West Florida Shelf, before reaching the deep GoM. Unlike usually observed, the offshore advection of Mississippi River waters thus took place far from the Delta area, which is another specificity of the 2014 episode. Finally, in the Florida Straits, Mississippi waters were advected from the deep ocean to the continental shelf under the influence of both deep sea (particularly a cyclonic Loop Current frontal eddy) and shelf flows (wind-induced Ekman transport). The simulation, in tandem with data, thus helped analyze processes that are likely to affect the connectivity between reefs in the southern Florida region (Florida Keys, Dry Tortugas, Pulley Ridge) and remote areas (Mississippi Delta), as well as the local connectivity between neighboring reefs. C1 [Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Le Henaff, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Le Henaff, M (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mlehenaff@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11NOS4780045, NA10OAR4320143, NA12OAR4310073]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (awards NA11NOS4780045, NA10OAR4320143, and NA12OAR4310073). M. Le Henaff received partial support for this work from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The MODIS/Aqua satellite images of chlorophyll-a were provided by the Optical Oceanography Lab of USF/CMS (University of South Florida/College of Marine Science). The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/), with support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). MDT_CNES-CLS13 was produced by the Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) Space Oceanography Division and distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/), with support from CNES. The SMOS L4 data were obtained from the Ocean Salinity Expertise Center (CECOS) of the CNES-IFREMER Centre Aval de Traitemenent des Donnees SMOS (CATDS), at IFREMER, Plouzane (France). The authors would like to thank the crew and scientists on board the R/V Walton Smith during the Pulley Ridge project cruise (August 13-28, 2014), for collecting and providing in situ data; in particular, the water column salinity vertical profiles using DPI were provided by R. K. Cowen (Oregon State University). The bathymetry used in the 1/50 degrees GoM-HYCOM reanalysis simulation was derived by P. Velissariou (COAPS, Florida State University). Finally, the authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 66 IS 3 BP 435 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-0932-4 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF8UR UT WOS:000371635900009 ER PT J AU Oxtoby, LE Mathis, JT Juranek, LW Wooller, MJ AF Oxtoby, L. E. Mathis, J. T. Juranek, L. W. Wooller, M. J. TI Estimating stable carbon isotope values of microphytobenthos in the Arctic for application to food web studies SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); Microphytobenthos; Stable carbon isotope fractionation; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi Sea ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; CHUKCHI SEA; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; BEAUFORT SEA; FATTY-ACID; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; DELTA-N-15 ANALYSIS; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MARINE DIATOM AB Most studies on Arctic food webs have neglected microphytobenthos as a potential food source because we currently lack robust measurements of delta C-13 values for microphytobenthos from this environment. As a result, the role of microphytobenthos in high latitude marine food webs is not well understood. We combined field measurements of the concentration of aqueous carbon dioxide and the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13(DIC)) from bottom water in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas with a set of stable carbon isotopic fractionation factors reflecting differences in algal taxonomy and physiology to estimate the stable carbon isotope composition of microphytobenthos-derived total organic carbon (delta C-13(p)). The delta C-13(p) for Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a pennate diatom likely to be a dominant microphytobenthos taxon, was estimated to be -23.9 +/- A 0.4 aEuro degrees as compared to a centric diatom (Porosira glacialis, delta C-13(p) = -20.0 +/- A 1.6 aEuro degrees) and a marine haptophyte (Emiliana huxleyi, delta C-13(p) = -22.7 +/- A 0.5 aEuro degrees) at a growth rate (A mu) of 0.1 divisions per day (d(-1)). delta C-13(p) values increased by similar to 2.5 aEuro degrees when A mu increased from 0.1 to a maximum growth rate of 1.4 d(-1). We compared our estimates of delta C-13(p) values for microphytobenthos with published measurements for other carbon sources in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. We found that microphytobenthos values overlapped with pelagic sources, yet differed from riverine and ice-derived carbon sources. These model results provide valuable insight into the range of possible isotopic values for microphytobenthos from this region, but we remain cautious in regard to the conclusiveness of these findings given the paucity of field measurements currently available for model validation. C1 [Oxtoby, L. E.; Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Oxtoby, L. E.; Wooller, M. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Juranek, L. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Oxtoby, LE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Oxtoby, LE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Stable Isotope Facil, 306 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM leoxtoby@alaska.edu OI Wooller, Matthew/0000-0002-5065-4235 FU "An interdisciplinary monitoring mooring in the western Arctic boundary current: Climatic forcing and ecosystem response" (Arctic Observing Network NSF Award) [0856244]; NSF [ARC-0902177] FX This research was funded as part of "An interdisciplinary monitoring mooring in the western Arctic boundary current: Climatic forcing and ecosystem response" (Arctic Observing Network NSF Award #0856244) and NSF Award # ARC-0902177. This paper comprises part of Laura Oxtoby's PhD thesis research. We are indebted to the crew of the US Coast Guard Cutter Healy for assistance with sample collection. We thank Jessica Cross, Claudine Hauri, and Stacey Reisdorph for field measurements of carbon parameters. We also thank Andrew Ross, Oregon State University Stable Isotope Laboratory, for conducting sample analysis. Katrin Iken, Shiway Wang, Kyungcheol Choy, and Benjamin Gaglioti provided thoughtful commentary on the manuscript prior to submission. We are grateful to the editor (Dr. Piepenburg) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on our original manuscript. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1800-2 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF8WD UT WOS:000371640300005 ER PT J AU Riginella, E Mazzoldi, C Ashford, J Jones, CD Morgan, C La Mesa, M AF Riginella, Emilio Mazzoldi, Carlotta Ashford, Julian Jones, Christopher D. Morgan, Christina La Mesa, Mario TI Life history strategies of the Scotia Sea icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, along the Southern Scotia Ridge SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reproduction; Age structure; Chaenocephalus aceratus; Channichthyidae; Connectivity; Source-sink populations ID TERRA-NOVA BAY; SHETLAND ISLANDS; FISH STOCKS; ROSS SEA; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; AGE-DETERMINATION; ELEPHANT ISLAND; ARC REGION; OCEAN AB Reproductive capacity can influence distribution and abundance over large spatial scales through larval dispersal, even when adult stages remain isolated following settlement. We examined size distribution, reproductive traits and age structure in Scotia Sea icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, an abundant benthic species with a long larval pelagic phase found on continental shelves along the Southern Scotia Ridge. In particular, we compared life history strategies between fish caught during surveys undertaken off the South Orkney Islands (SOI) and South Shetland Islands (SSI). Results corroborated regional separation after settlement and suggested distinct life history strategies, in which fish from SOI invested much less in reproduction, and somewhat more in somatic growth earlier in their life history. Compared to SSI, body weight increased faster with length and absolute fecundity was 46 % lower and increased more slowly with size for SOI population. In addition, the proportion of spawning cohorts and L (a) was lower and k higher for SOI. The differences appeared to be a phenotypic response to environmental conditions related to regional hydrography. Lower reproductive capacity around the SOI, and strong eastward flow in the large-scale circulation, suggests that the SSI may be more important in influencing distributions and abundance of icefish along the Southern Scotia Ridge. C1 [Riginella, Emilio; Mazzoldi, Carlotta] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, Padua, Italy. [Riginella, Emilio; La Mesa, Mario] UOS Ancona, CNR, Inst Marine Sci, Ancona, Italy. [Ashford, Julian; Morgan, Christina] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA USA. [Jones, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), UOS Ancona, CNR, Inst Marine Sci, Ancona, Italy. EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it FU Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA); MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca); United States National Science Foundation [NSF-OPP-0338294]; NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program FX We thank the Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polar-und Meeresforschung that provided us the opportunity to collect samples during ANT-XXVIII/4 2012 Polarstern cruise. A special thank goes to C. Papetti for helping in the gonad and otolith collection of the Scotia Sea icefish. We thank all the scientific staff, crew members and personnel aboard the RV Polarstern, for their essential support in sampling activities. We thank the crew and scientific team aboard the Yuzhmorgeologiya. Finally, we are grateful to two anonymous referees and to Karl-Hermann Kock, whose suggestions greatly improved the early draft of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA) to MLM and MIUR (Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca) to CM; by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF-OPP-0338294) and NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program to JRA. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00300-015-1802-0 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF8WD UT WOS:000371640300007 ER PT J AU Collie, JS Botsford, LW Hastings, A Kaplan, IC Largier, JL Livingston, PA Plaganyi, E Rose, KA Wells, BK Werner, FE AF Collie, Jeremy S. Botsford, Louis W. Hastings, Alan Kaplan, Isaac C. Largier, John L. Livingston, Patricia A. Plaganyi, Eva Rose, Kenneth A. Wells, Brian K. Werner, Francisco E. TI Ecosystem models for fisheries management: finding the sweet spot SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; fisheries; marine; model complexity; trade-off ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; AT-AGE MODEL; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC SARDINE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB The advent of an ecosystem-based approach dramatically expanded the scope of fisheries management, creating a critical need for new kinds of data and quantitative approaches that could be integrated into the management system. Ecosystem models are needed to codify the relationships among drivers, pressures and resulting states, and to quantify the trade-offs between conflicting objectives. Incorporating ecosystem considerations requires moving from the single-species models used in stock assessments, to more complex models that include species interactions, environmental drivers and human consequences. With this increasing model complexity, model fit can improve, but parameter uncertainty increases. At intermediate levels of complexity, there is a sweet spot' at which the uncertainty in policy indicators is at a minimum. Finding the sweet spot in models requires compromises: for example, to include additional component species, the models of each species have in some cases been simplified from age-structured to logistic or bioenergetic models. In this paper, we illuminate the characteristics, capabilities and short-comings of the various modelling approaches being proposed for ecosystem-based fisheries management. We identify key ecosystem needs in fisheries management and indicate which types of models can meet these needs. Ecosystem models have been playing strategic roles by providing an ecosystem context for single-species management decisions. However, conventional stock assessments are being increasingly challenged by changing natural mortality rates and environmentally driven changes in productivity that are observed in many fish stocks. Thus, there is a need for more tactical ecosystem models that can respond dynamically to changing ecological and environmental conditions. C1 [Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hastings, Alan] Univ Calif Davis, Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Livingston, Patricia A.] NOAA, Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Plaganyi, Eva] CSIRO, Wealth Oceans Flagship, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wells, Brian K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Werner, Francisco E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Collie, JS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jcollie@mail.uri.edu RI Plaganyi, Eva/C-5130-2011 OI Plaganyi, Eva/0000-0002-4740-4200 FU GLOBEC FX This article resulted from a workshop on Quantitative Approaches to Ecosystem Assessment, hosted by the Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute at UC Davis. The workshop was funded by GLOBEC and held at Bodega Bay, CA on 2-4 May 2012. It also benefited from discussions with members of the Ecosystem Science and Management Working Group and participants in an 'Ecosystem Outputs' workshop in Woods Hole on 30-31 July 2013. Tessa Francis and Iris Gray assisted with the figures. We thank Michael Fogarty, Marie-Joelle Rochet and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. US GLOBEC Contribution Number 748. NR 149 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 18 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.1111/faf.12093 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF3JU UT WOS:000371240900005 ER PT J AU Melnychuk, MC Essington, TE Branch, TA Heppell, SS Jensen, OP Link, JS Martell, SJD Parma, AM Smith, ADM AF Melnychuk, Michael C. Essington, Timothy E. Branch, Trevor A. Heppell, Selina S. Jensen, Olaf P. Link, Jason S. Martell, Steven J. D. Parma, Ana M. Smith, Anthony D. M. TI Which design elements of individual quota fisheries help to achieve management objectives? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; ITQ; marine conservation; maximum sustainable yield; property rights; random forests ID TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MARINE FISHERIES; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; RANDOM FORESTS; CATCH SHARES; ITQS; INCENTIVES; POLICY; EXPERIENCE; SYSTEMS AB Individual quota (IQ) management systems in commercial marine fisheries are highly diverse, differing in the security, durability and exclusivity of the harvesting privilege and the transferability of quota units. This diversity in the degree of harvest rights may influence the effectiveness of IQ fisheries to meet management objectives. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 167 stocks managed under IQs to test whether the strength of harvest rights impacts the conservation status of stocks in terms of catch, exploitation rate and biomass relative to management targets. We used non-parametric methods to assess non-linear relationships and linear regression models to explicitly consider interactions among predictors. Most IQ fisheries consistently met fleet-wide quota limits (94% of stocks had recent catches below or within 10% of quotas), but only 2/3 of IQ fisheries adhered to sustainable management targets for biomass and exploitation rate (68% of stocks had exploitation rates below or within 10% of targets and 63% of stocks had biomass above or within 10% of biomass targets). Strikingly, when exclusivity of the harvesting privilege was low, exploitation rates depended on whether IQ implementation was industry-driven (exploitation below targets) or government-mandated (exploitation above targets). At high levels of exclusivity, exploitation rates converged to just below management targets. Transferability of quota units was associated with stock biomass closer to and slightly above target levels than stocks with non-transferable quota. However, regional differences had the strongest effect on biomass, suggesting that other management or biological attributes of regional fishery systems have greater influence on marine populations. C1 [Melnychuk, Michael C.; Essington, Timothy E.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Martell, Steven J. D.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 300-2320 W Commodore Way, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Smith, Anthony D. M.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Melnychuk, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mmel@uw.edu FU Lenfest Oceans Program; NSF/NOAA CAMEO grant; NSERC Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The following individuals graciously contributed IQ attribute information and/or time-series data for our analyses: U.S. - Alaska/west coast: John DeVore (PFMC), Jane DiCosimo, Diana Stram, Jeannie Heltzel, Mark Fina (NPFMC), Jim Ianelli, Ian Stewart (NOAA), Steven Hare (IPHC) and Dan Waldeck; U.S. - north-east/mid-Atlantic coast: Dvora Hart (NOAA), Deirdre Boelke, Jessica Melgey (NEFMC) and Tom Hoff (MAFMC); Canada - west coast: Adam Keizer, Barry Ackerman, Wan Li Ou, Tameezan Karim, Rob Tadey, Pauline Ridings, Juanita Rogers, Jake Schweigert, Erin Wylie, John Davidson, Greg Workman, Jackie King, Andy Edwards, Rob Kronlund, Lynne Yamanaka, Robyn Forrest, Nathan Taylor (DFO), Michelle James (UHA) and Bruce Turris (PFM); Canada - east coast: Paul Cahill, Verna Docherty, Jorgen Hansen, David Coffin, Monique Baker, Don Ball, Heather Bishop, Jennifer Buie, Steve Campana, Ghislain Chouinard, Janet Conlin, Pierre Couillard, Alain Frechet, Julien Gaudette, Chris Hendry, Peter Koeller, Marc LeCouffre, Luc Legere, Dario Lemelin, Brian Lester, Claire MacDonald, Bernard Morin, Mikio Moriyasu, Douglas Pezzack, Dale Roddick, Annette Rumbolt, Tim Siferd, Jim Simon, Stephen Smith, Greg Stevens, Heath Stone, Christa Waters (DFO) and Ricardo Federizon (NAFO); Europe: Johann Sigurjonsson (MRI), Gerald van Balsfoort (PFA), Joe Horwood (CEFAS), Barrie Deas (NFF), Antoinne LeGarrec (EURONOR), Christian Olesen (DPP), Michael Anderson (DFA), Marc Welvaert (DLV), Peter Breckling (DFV) and Neil Holdsworth (ICES); Australia: Cathy Dichmont, Neil Klaer, Geoff Tuck, Sally Wayte (CSIRO), Steve Auld, Shane Gaddes, Sharon Koh, Sally Weekes (AFMA), Bruce Taylor (DPI-Victoria), Kelly Crosthwaite, Tim Ward (PIRSA) and Caleb Gardner (U. Tasmania); New Zealand: David Foster (MFish), Daryl Sykes (NZR-LIC) and George Clement; Argentina: Jorge Hansen, Analia Giussi and Marta Renzi (INIDEP); and South Africa: Anabela Brandao, Doug Butterworth, Susan Halloway, Susan Johnston, Carryn de Moor, Rebecca Rademeyer (U. Cape Town), Genevieve Maharaj (MCM), Roy Bross (Hake Deep Sea Trawling) and Awie Badenhorst (SAPFIA). We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments as well as Carl Walters and Doug Butterworth for helpful discussions. Funding was provided by the Lenfest Oceans Program, a NSF/NOAA CAMEO grant and a NSERC Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship. We also thank John Pope for his participation throughout the project. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 126 EP 142 DI 10.1111/faf.12094 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF3JU UT WOS:000371240900006 ER PT J AU Cheruvathur, S Lass, EA Campbell, CE AF Cheruvathur, Sudha Lass, Eric A. Campbell, Carelyn E. TI Additive Manufacturing of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Post-processing Heat Treatment to Achieve Uniform Reproducible Microstructure SO JOM LA English DT Article ID MELTED TOOL STEELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RETAINED AUSTENITE; BEHAVIOR AB 17-4 precipitation hardenable (PH) stainless steel is a useful material when a combination of high strength and good corrosion resistance up to about 315A degrees C is required. In the wrought form, this steel has a fully martensitic structure that can be strengthened by precipitation of fine Cu-rich face-centered cubic phase upon aging. When fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM), specifically laser powder-bed fusion, 17-4 PH steel exhibits a dendritic structure containing a substantial fraction of nearly 50% of retained austenite along with body centered cubic/martensite and fine niobium carbides preferentially aligned along interdendritic boundaries. The effect of post-build thermal processing on the material microstructure is studied in comparison to that of conventionally produced wrought 17-4 PH with the intention of creating a more uniform, fully martensitic microstructure. The recommended stress relief heat treatment currently employed in industry for post-processing of AM 17-4 PH steel is found to have little effect on the as-built dendritic microstructure. It is found that, by implementing the recommended homogenization heat treatment regimen of Aerospace Materials Specification 5355 for CB7Cu-1, a casting alloy analog to 17-4 PH, the dendritic solidification structure is eliminated, resulting in a microstructure containing about 90% martensite with 10% retained austenite. C1 [Cheruvathur, Sudha; Lass, Eric A.; Campbell, Carelyn E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2016 VL 68 IS 3 BP 930 EP 942 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1754-4 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DF4BK UT WOS:000371292100028 ER PT J AU Idell, Y Levine, LE Allen, AJ Zhang, F Campbell, CE Olson, GB Gong, J Snyder, DR Deutchman, HZ AF Idell, Y. Levine, L. E. Allen, A. J. Zhang, F. Campbell, C. E. Olson, G. B. Gong, J. Snyder, D. R. Deutchman, H. Z. TI Unexpected delta-Phase Formation in Additive-Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; PRECIPITATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; INCONEL-718; INSTRUMENT; COPPER AB An as-built and solutionized Ni-based superalloy built by additive manufacturing through a direct metal laser sintering technique is characterized to understand the microstructural differences as compared to the as-wrought alloy. Initially, each layer undergoes rapid solidification as it is melted by the laser; however, as the part is built, the underlying layers experience a variety of heating and cooling cycles that produce significant microsegregation of niobium which allows for the formation of the deleterious delta-phase. The as-built microstructure was characterized through Vickers hardness, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattering diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and synchrotron x-ray microLaue diffraction. The isothermal formation and growth of the delta-phase were characterized using synchrotron-based in situ small angle and wide angle x-ray scattering experiments. These experimental results are compared with multicomponent diffusion simulations that predict the phase fraction and composition. The high residual stresses and unexpected formation of the delta-phase will require further annealing treatments to be designed so as to remove these deficiencies and obtain an optimized microstructure. C1 [Idell, Y.; Levine, L. E.; Allen, A. J.; Zhang, F.; Campbell, C. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olson, G. B.; Gong, J.; Snyder, D. R.] QuesTek Innovat LLC, Evanston, IL USA. [Deutchman, H. Z.] Honeywell Int, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Idell, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathan.idell@nist.gov OI Idell, Yaakov/0000-0002-4557-8653 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CG11357]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [HROO 11-12-C-0037] FX The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CG11357. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. This material is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract No. HROO 11-12-C-0037. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 21 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2016 VL 68 IS 3 BP 950 EP 959 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1772-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA DF4BK UT WOS:000371292100030 ER PT J AU Solman, SA Orlanski, I AF Solman, Silvina A. Orlanski, Isidoro TI Climate Change over the Extratropical Southern Hemisphere: The Tale from an Ensemble of Reanalysis Datasets SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Variability; Models and modeling; Extratropical cyclones; Circulation/ Dynamics; Precipitation; Large-scale motions; Reanalysis data; Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Trends; Databases ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; TRENDS; CYCLE AB In this study, a set of five reanalysis datasets [ERA-Interim, NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R2), MERRA, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR), and the CFS Reanalysis (CFSR)] is used to provide a robust estimation of precipitation change in the middle-to-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the last three decades. Based on several metrics accounting for the eddy activity and moisture availability, an attempt is also made to identify the dynamical mechanisms triggering these changes during extended summer and winter seasons. To that aim, a weighted reanalysis ensemble is built using the inverse of the variance as weighting factors for each variable. Results showed that the weighted reanalysis ensemble reproduced the observed precipitation changes at high and middle latitudes during the two seasons, as depicted by the GPCP dataset. For the extended summer season, precipitation changes were dynamically consistent with changes in the eddy activity, attributed mostly to ozone depletion. For the extended winter season, the eddy activity and moisture availability both contributed to the precipitation changes, with the increased concentration of greenhouse gases being the main driver of the climate change signal. In addition, output from a five-member ensemble of the high-resolution GFDL CM2.5 for the period 1979-2010 was used in order to explore the capability of the model in reproducing both the observed precipitation change and the underlying dynamical mechanisms. The model was able to capture the rainfall change signal. However, the increased availability of moisture from the lower levels controls the precipitation change during both summer and winter. C1 [Solman, Silvina A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Solman, Silvina A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Orlanski, Isidoro] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Solman, SA (reprint author), CIMA CONICET UBA, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 2,2do Piso,C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM solman@cima.fcen.uba.ar FU CONICET [PIP 112-201101-00189]; Raices Programme from MINCYT; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce; [FONCyT-PICT-2012-1972]; [UBACYT2014 20020130200233BA] FX The authors are grateful to Ronald Stouffer for insightful comments on the manuscript and Fanrong Zeng for providing data from GFDL models. This work has been supported by the grants FONCyT-PICT-2012-1972, CONICET PIP 112-201101-00189, and UBACYT2014 20020130200233BA, Raices Programme from MINCYT, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors acknowledge downloading the following datasets: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis, GPCP, and CMAP data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/). The authors also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their very useful comments and suggestions, which greatly contributed to improve the manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1687 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0588.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF4ET UT WOS:000371301300002 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Dong, SF Lee, SK Goni, G AF Lopez, Hosmay Dong, Shenfu Lee, Sang-Ki Goni, Gustavo TI Decadal Modulations of Interhemispheric Global Atmospheric Circulations and Monsoons by the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Decadal variability; Variability; Hadley circulation; Meridional overturning circulation; General circulation models; Models and modeling; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; DELAYED OSCILLATOR; TROPICAL RESPONSE; CLIMATE SYSTEM AB This study presents a physical mechanism on how low-frequency variability of the South Atlantic meridional heat transport (SAMHT) may influence decadal variability of atmospheric circulation. A multicentury simulation of a coupled general circulation model is used as basis for the analysis. The highlight of the findings herein is that multidecadal variability of SAMHT plays a key role in modulating global atmospheric circulation via its influence on interhemispheric redistributions of momentum, heat, and moisture. Weaker SAMHT at 30 degrees S produces anomalous ocean heat divergence over the South Atlantic, resulting in negative ocean heat content anomalies about 15-20 years later. This forces a thermally direct anomalous interhemispheric Hadley circulation, transporting anomalous atmospheric heat from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and moisture from the SH to the NH, thereby modulating global monsoons. Further analysis shows that anomalous atmospheric eddies transport heat northward in both hemispheres, producing eddy heat flux convergence (divergence) in the NH (SH) around 15 degrees-30 degrees, reinforcing the anomalous Hadley circulation. The effect of eddies on the NH (SH) poleward of 30 degrees depicts heat flux divergence (convergence), which must be balanced by sinking (rising) motion, consistent with a poleward (equatorward) displacement of the jet stream. This study illustrates that decadal variations of SAMHT could modulate the strength of global monsoons with 15-20 years of lead time, suggesting that SAMHT is a potential predictor of global monsoon variability. A similar mechanistic link exists between the North Atlantic meridional heat transport (NAMHT) at 30 degrees N and global monsoons. C1 [Lopez, Hosmay; Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lopez, Hosmay; Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki; Goni, Gustavo] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lopez, H (reprint author), UM CIMAS RSMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Lopez, H (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Lopez, Hosmay/M-3278-2015; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170 FU Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies; cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA/Climate Program Office FX We would like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. This work was supported by NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and funded by Climate Observations Division of the NOAA/Climate Program Office. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1851 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0491.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF4EW UT WOS:000371301600009 ER PT J AU Giglio, D Johnson, GC AF Giglio, Donata Johnson, Gregory C. TI Subantarctic and Polar Fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean Heat and Freshwater Content Variability: A View from Argo*(,+) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Fronts; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Circulation/ Dynamics; Freshwater; Ocean circulation; Variability; Ekman pumping; Oceanic variability; Interannual variability ID ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA-LEVEL RISE; DRAKE PASSAGE; INTERMEDIATE WATER; INDIAN-OCEAN; GLOBAL OCEAN; PROFILING FLOATS; WEST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOTTOM WATER AB Argo profiling floats initiated a revolution in observational physical oceanography by providing numerous, high-quality, global, year-round, in situ (0-2000 dbar) temperature and salinity observations. This study uses Argo's unprecedented sampling of the Southern Ocean during 2006-13 to describe the position of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current's Subantarctic and Polar Fronts, comparing and contrasting two different methods for locating fronts using the same dataset. The first method locates three fronts along dynamic height contours, each corresponding to a local maximum in vertically integrated shear. The second approach locates the fronts using specific features in the potential temperature field, following Orsi et al. Results from the analysis of Argo data are compared to those from Orsi et al. and other more recent studies. Argo spatial resolution is not adequate to resolve annual and interannual movements of the fronts on a circumpolar scale since they are on the order of 1 degrees latitude (Kim and Orsi), which is smaller than the resolution of the gridded product analyzed. Argo's four-dimensional coverage of the Southern Ocean equatorward of ~60 degrees S is used to quantify variations in heat and freshwater content there with respect to the time-mean front locations. These variations are described during 2006-13, considering both pressure and potential density ranges (within different water masses) and relations to wind forcing (Ekman upwelling and downwelling). C1 [Giglio, Donata] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Giglio, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dgiglio@uw.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA15OAR4320063]; NOAA Research; NOAA Climate Observations Division FX The Argo data used here were collected and are made freely available by the International Argo Program and by the national programs that contribute to it. The efforts of many international partners in planning and implementing the Argo array are gratefully acknowledged. ECMWF ERA-Interim momentum flux at the ocean-atmosphere interface and SST reanalysis fields used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF data server. The objectively mapped Argo data were provided by John Gilson. DG was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063. GCJ is supported by NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Observations Division. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. Thanks to David Ferreira (U. Reading) and Matthew R. Mazloff (SIO) for the discussion about this work. Thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 3 BP 749 EP 768 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0131.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF6ON UT WOS:000371475200001 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A Norris, RW AF Stoltzfus, Arlin Norris, Ryan W. TI On the Causes of Evolutionary Transition: Transversion Bias SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mutation; transition bias; replacement; substitution bias; mutation bias ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; FITNESS LANDSCAPE; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; MAMMALIAN GENOMES; MUTATION-RATE; RNA VIRUS; GENES; PATTERNS; SPECTRUM; CONSEQUENCES AB A pattern in which nucleotide transitions are favored several fold over transversions is common in molecular evolution. When this pattern occurs among amino acid replacements, explanations often invoke an effect of selection, on the grounds that transitions are more conservative in their effects on proteins. However, the underlying hypothesis of conservative transitions has never been tested directly. Here we assess support for this hypothesis using direct evidence: the fitness effects of mutations in actual proteins measured via individual or paired growth experiments. We assembled data from 8 published studies, ranging in size from 24 to 757 single-nucleotide mutations that change an amino acid. Every study has the statistical power to reveal significant effects of amino acid exchangeability, and most studies have the power to discern a binary conservative-vs-radical distinction. However, only one study suggests that transitions are significantly more conservative than transversions. In the combined set of 1,239 replacements (544 transitions, 695 transversions), the chance that a transition is more conservative than a transversion is 53% (95% confidence interval 50 to 56) compared with the null expectation of 50%. We show that this effect is not large compared with that of most biochemical factors, and is not large enough to explain the several-fold bias observed in evolution. In short, the available data have the power to verify the "conservative transitions" hypothesis if true, but suggest instead that selection on proteins plays at best a minor role in the observed bias. C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Norris, Ryan W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA.; Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arlin.stoltzfus@nist.gov OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1093/molbev/msv274 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DF3BU UT WOS:000371219500001 PM 26609078 ER PT J AU Mittal, S Ganeshan, S Fan, JY Vaezi, A Hafezi, M AF Mittal, Sunil Ganeshan, Sriram Fan, Jingyun Vaezi, Abolhassan Hafezi, Mohammad TI Measurement of topological invariants in a 2D photonic system SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID EDGE STATES; CHERN NUMBER; LIGHT; INSULATORS; PHASE AB A hallmark feature of topological physics is the presence of one-way propagating chiral modes at the system boundary(1,2). The chirality of edge modes is a consequence of the topological character of the bulk. For example, in a non-interacting quantum Hall model, edge modes manifest as mid-gap states between two topologically distinct bulk bands. The bulkboundary correspondence dictates that the number of chiral edge modes, a topological invariant called the winding number, is completely determined by the bulk topological invariant, the Chern number(3). Here, for the first time, we measure the winding number in a 2D photonic system. By inserting a unit flux quantum at the edge, we show that the edge spectrum resonances shift by the winding number. This experiment provides a new approach for unambiguous measurement of topological invariants, independent of the microscopic details, and could possibly be extended to probe strongly correlated topological orders. C1 [Mittal, Sunil; Ganeshan, Sriram; Fan, Jingyun; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, Sunil; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittal, Sunil; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ganeshan, Sriram] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vaezi, Abolhassan] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0267]; Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research; Bethe postdoctoral fellowship; National Science Foundation Career grant; Laboratory for Physical Sciences-Condensed Matter Theory Center; Microsoft; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant no. FA9550-14-1-0267, Army Research Office, Office of Naval Research, Bethe postdoctoral fellowship, National Science Foundation Career grant, Laboratory for Physical Sciences-Condensed Matter Theory Center, Microsoft and the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. We thank M. Levin, A. G. Abanov, A. Lobos, A. Migdall and J. Taylor for fruitful discussions and E. Barnes, M. Davanco and E. Goldschmidt for useful comments on the manuscript. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 180 EP + DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.10 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DF3BO UT WOS:000371218900019 ER PT J AU Barnes, M Kalberg, K Pan, ML Leung, PS AF Barnes, Michele Kalberg, Kolter Pan, Minling Leung, PingSun TI When is brokerage negatively associated with economic benefits? Ethnic diversity, competition, and common-pool resources SO SOCIAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Brokerage; Social capital; Economic benefits; Ethnic diversity; Natural resource management; Common-pool resources ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; INFORMATION EXCHANGE; TRADE-OFF; PERFORMANCE; KNOWLEDGE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; EMBEDDEDNESS; DYNAMICS; STRENGTH AB There is a growing body of literature positively linking dimensions of social capital to economic benefits. Yet recent research also points to a potential "dark side" of social capital, where over-embeddedness in networks and the pressures associated with brokerage are hypothesized to constrain actors, having a negative effect on economic outcomes. This dichotomy suggests that context is important, yet the overwhelming majority of existing empirical evidence stems from socially homogenous populations in corporate and organizational settings, limiting a broader understanding of when and how context matters. We advance this discourse to a socially fragmented, ethnically diverse common-pool resource system where information is highly valuable and competition is fierce. Merging several unique datasets from Hawaii's pelagic tuna fishery, we find that network prominence, i.e., being well connected locally, has a significant, positive effect on economic productivity. In contrast, we find that brokerage, defined here as ties that bridge either structurally distinct or ethnically distinct groups, has a significant, negative effect. Taken together, our results provide empirical support to widespread claims of the value of information access in common-pool resource systems, yet suggest that in ethnically diverse, competitive environments, brokers may be penalized for sharing information across social divides. Our results thus contribute to an emerging theory on the fragile nature of brokerage that recognizes its potential perils and the importance of context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Michele; Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele; Kalberg, Kolter] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Barnes, Michele] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Pan, Minling] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Barnes, M (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM barnesm@hawaii.edu; kolter.kalberg@noaa.gov; minling.pan@noaa.gov; psleung@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [NA11NMF4320128]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization FX We thank our interpreters, all of the fishers who participated in this project, the National Marine Fisheries Service observer program and Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources for providing data access, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. MB also thanks the SOCNET community for their response to her inquiry regarding the dark side of brokerage, and Joey Lecky for the development of Fig. 2. This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA11NMF4320128 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). MB also received funding from the University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-8733 EI 1879-2111 J9 SOC NETWORKS JI Soc. Networks PD MAR PY 2016 VL 45 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.socnet.2015.11.004 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA DF4ZW UT WOS:000371362600005 ER PT J AU Kolmakovl, A Gregoratti, L Kiskinova, M Gunther, S AF Kolmakovl, Andrei Gregoratti, Luca Kiskinova, Maya Guenther, Sebastian TI Recent Approaches for Bridging the Pressure Gap in Photoelectron Microspectroscopy SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ambient pressure XPS; Graphene membranes; Environmental cell; Microscopy ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHENE; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; EMISSION MICROSCOPY; COPPER FOILS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; GASEOUS SAMPLES AB Ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) and microscopy are at the frontier of modern chemical analysis at liquid-gas, solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces, bridging science and engineering of functional materials. Complementing the current state-of-the art of the instruments using differentially pumped analyzers, we survey in this short review several alternative APPES approaches, developed recently in the scanning photoelectron microscope (SPEM) at the Elettra laboratory. The reported set-ups allow for performing dynamic near-ambient pressure experiments without introducing additional differential pumping stages. They include implementation of pulsed-gas injection in the vicinity of samples or placing the sample inside reaction cells with very small apertures. The major part of the review is dedicated to construction and performance of novel environmental cells, where ultrathin electron-transparent but molecularly impermeable membranes are used to isolate the gas or liquid ambient from the electron detector operated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). We demonstrate that two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and derivatives, are mechanically robust to withstand atmospheric-UHV pressure differences and are sufficiently transparent for the photoelectrons emitted from samples immersed in liquid or gaseous media. Representative results illustrate the performance of reported APPES approaches using tunable synchrotron X-rays, combined with the sub-micrometer lateral resolution of SPEM. They demonstrate the unique opportunities for addressing the chemical composition and electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces under realistic operation conditions with unprecedented lateral and spectral resolution. C1 [Kolmakovl, Andrei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gregoratti, Luca; Kiskinova, Maya] Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Area Sci Pk, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. [Guenther, Sebastian] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kolmakovl, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Gunther, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM andrei.kolmakov@nist.gov; sebastian.guenther@tum.de FU ELETTRA; German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1459] FX The authors acknowledge the invaluable contributions of A. Yulaev (NIST/UMD), J. Kraus (TUM), I. Vlassiouk (ORNL), M. Amati (Eletttra), M. Abyaneh (now at Diamond SR source), B. Bozzini and I. Sgura (both at U. del Salento) who actively participated in developing and testing the reviewed set-ups. The financial support of SPEM experiments by ELETTRA is greatly acknowledged. S. Guenther acknowledges financial support within the framework of the priority program Graphene SPP 1459 of the German Science Foundation (DFG). The critical reading of the manuscript by C. Powell, N. Zhitenev and J. Unguris (all at NIST) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 102 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 25 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 59 IS 5-7 BP 448 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s11244-015-0519-1 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DF5WZ UT WOS:000371424800005 ER PT J AU Williams, P Sowards, J Simonds, B AF Williams, Paul Sowards, Jeffrey Simonds, Brian TI Measuring Laser Beam Welding Power Using the Force of Light SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Williams, Paul; Sowards, Jeffrey; Simonds, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.williams@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 95 IS 3 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DF2TP UT WOS:000371197100011 ER PT J AU Broom, DP Webb, CJ Hurst, KE Parilla, PA Gennett, T Brown, CM Zacharia, R Tylianakis, E Klontzas, E Froudakis, GE Steriotis, TA Trikalitis, PN Anton, DL Hardy, B Tamburello, D Corgnale, C van Hassel, BA Cossement, D Chahine, R Hirscher, M AF Broom, D. P. Webb, C. J. Hurst, K. E. Parilla, P. A. Gennett, T. Brown, C. M. Zacharia, R. Tylianakis, E. Klontzas, E. Froudakis, G. E. Steriotis, Th. A. Trikalitis, P. N. Anton, D. L. Hardy, B. Tamburello, D. Corgnale, C. van Hassel, B. A. Cossement, D. Chahine, R. Hirscher, M. TI Outlook and challenges for hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; SURFACE ENERGETICAL HETEROGENEITY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; GAS-ADSORPTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; FORCE-FIELD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Considerable progress has been made recently in the use of nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage. In this article, the current status of the field and future challenges are discussed, ranging from important open fundamental questions, such as the density and volume of the adsorbed phase and its relationship to overall storage capacity, to the development of new functional materials and complete storage system design. With regard to fundamentals, the use of neutron scattering to study adsorbed H-2, suitable adsorption isotherm equations, and the accurate computational modelling and simulation of H2 adsorption are discussed. The new materials covered include flexible metal-organic frameworks, core-shell materials, and porous organic cage compounds. The article concludes with a discussion of the experimental investigation of real adsorptive hydrogen storage tanks, the improvement in the thermal conductivity of storage beds, and new storage system concepts and designs. C1 [Broom, D. P.] Hiden Isochema Ltd, 422 Europa Blvd, Warrington WA5 7TS, Cheshire, England. [Webb, C. J.] Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Hurst, K. E.; Parilla, P. A.; Gennett, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zacharia, R.; Cossement, D.; Chahine, R.] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Inst Rech Hydrogene, POB 500, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Zacharia, R.] Qatar Univ, Gas Proc Ctr, Coll Engn, POB 2713, Doha, Qatar. [Tylianakis, E.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Klontzas, E.; Froudakis, G. E.; Trikalitis, P. N.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 2208, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Steriotis, Th. A.] NCSR DEMOKRITOS, Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol, Athens 15310, Greece. [Anton, D. L.; Hardy, B.; Tamburello, D.; Corgnale, C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [van Hassel, B. A.] United Technol Res Ctr, 411 Silver Lane, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Hirscher, M.] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Broom, DP (reprint author), Hiden Isochema Ltd, 422 Europa Blvd, Warrington WA5 7TS, Cheshire, England.; Hirscher, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM dbroom@hidenisochema.com; hirscher@is.mpg.de RI Hirscher, Michael/J-8030-2015; Van Hassel, Bart/F-2676-2016; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Griffith University, QMNC/I-5498-2013; Trikalitis, Pantelis/E-5696-2011; OI Van Hassel, Bart/0000-0001-6551-7025; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Klontzas, Emmanuel/0000-0002-1974-5198; Broom, Darren/0000-0002-1328-7376 FU Max-PlanckInstitut fur Intelligente Systeme; European Union (European Social Fund-ESF); Greek national funds through Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning'' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research; U.S. Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) [DE-FC36-09GO19006] FX Open access funding provided by Max-PlanckInstitut fur Intelligente Systeme. The authors acknowledge the contribution of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (HIA) from which this paper results, specifically the activities of Task 32: Hydrogen-based energy storage. Part of this research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning'' of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: THALES. Part of the paper is also based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) under Award Number DE-FC36-09GO19006. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 196 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 151 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9651-4 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DF0PQ UT WOS:000371041700010 ER PT J AU Sarker, S Chandra, D Hirscher, M Dolan, M Isheim, D Wermer, J Viano, D Baricco, M Udovic, TJ Grant, D Palumbo, O Paolone, A Cantelli, R AF Sarker, S. Chandra, D. Hirscher, M. Dolan, M. Isheim, D. Wermer, J. Viano, D. Baricco, M. Udovic, T. J. Grant, D. Palumbo, O. Paolone, A. Cantelli, R. TI Developments in the Ni-Nb-Zr amorphous alloy membranes SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Review ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION PROPERTIES; H GLASSY ALLOYS; THERMAL-STABILITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; SEPARATION MEMBRANES; METAL MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; PD; PHASE AB Most of the global H-2 production is derived from hydrocarbon-based fuels, and efficient H-2/CO2 separation is necessary to deliver a high-purity H-2 product. Hydrogen-selective alloy membranes are emerging as a viable alternative to traditional pressure swing adsorption processes as a means for H-2/CO2 separation. These membranes can be formed from a wide range of alloys, and those based on Pd are the closest to commercial deployment. The high cost of Pd (USD similar to 31,000 kg(-1)) is driving the development of less-expensive alternatives, including inexpensive amorphous (Ni60Nb40) 100-Zr-x(x) alloys. Amorphous alloy membranes can be fabricated directly from the molten state into continuous ribbons via melt spinning and depending on the composition can exhibit relatively high hydrogen permeability between 473 and 673 K. Here we review recent developments in these low-cost membrane materials, especially with respect to permeation behavior, electrical transport properties, and understanding of local atomic order. To further understand the nature of these solids, atom probe tomography has been performed, revealing amorphous Nb-rich and Zr-rich clusters embedded in majority Ni matrix whose compositions deviated from the nominal overall composition of the membrane. C1 [Sarker, S.; Chandra, D.] Univ Nevada, Mat Sci & Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Hirscher, M.] Max Planck Inst Intelligente Syst, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Dolan, M.; Viano, D.] CSIRO, QCAT, Energy, 1 Technol Court, Pullenvale, Qld 4069, Australia. [Isheim, D.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wermer, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Baricco, M.] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Via P Giura 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Baricco, M.] Univ Turin, NIS, Via P Giura 9, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Udovic, T. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, D.] Univ Nottingham, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Palumbo, O.; Paolone, A.] CNR ISC, UOS La Sapienza, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cantelli, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Mat Sci & Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu RI Hirscher, Michael/J-8030-2015; Baricco, Marcello/B-4075-2013; OI Baricco, Marcello/0000-0002-2856-9894; Chandra, Dhanesh/0000-0001-9478-2928 FU US DOE-NNSA Grant [US DE-NA0002004] FX This research is supported by US DOE-NNSA Grant (US DE-NA0002004). NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 3 AR 168 DI 10.1007/s00339-016-9650-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DF0PQ UT WOS:000371041700027 ER PT J AU Chen, WT Shao, M Wang, M Lu, SH Liu, Y Yuan, B Yang, YD Zeng, LM Chen, ZM Chang, CC Zhang, Q Hu, M AF Chen, Wentai Shao, Min Wang, Ming Lu, Sihua Liu, Ying Yuan, Bin Yang, Yudong Zeng, Limin Chen, Zhongming Chang, Chih-Chung Zhang, Qian Hu, Min TI Variation of ambient carbonyl levels in urban Beijing between 2005 and 2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbonyls; Trend analysis; Emission ratio; Photochemistry ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBONYLS; EMISSION RATIOS; OLYMPIC GAMES; AIR-QUALITY; CHINA; FORMALDEHYDE; SUMMERTIME; IDENTIFICATION AB Carbonyl compounds are important precursors of secondary air pollutants. With the rapid economic development and the implementation of stricter control measures in Beijing, the sources of carbonyls possibly changed. Based on measurement data obtained at an urban site in Beijing between 2005 and 2012, we investigated annual variations in carbonyl levels and sources during these years. In summer, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels decreased significantly at a rate of 9.1%/year and 7.2%/year, respectively, while acetone levels increased at a rate of 4.3%/year. In winter, formaldehyde levels increased and acetaldehyde levels decreased. We also investigated the factors driving the variation in carbonyls levels during summer by determination of emission ratios for carbonyls and their precursors, and calculation of photochemical formation of carbonyls. The relative declines for primary formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels were larger than those for secondary formation. This is possibly due to the increasing usage of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas which could result in the rise of carbonyl precursor emission ratios. The increase in acetone levels might be related to the rising solvent usage in Beijing during these years. The influences of these sources should be paid more attention in future research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Wentai; Shao, Min; Wang, Ming; Lu, Sihua; Liu, Ying; Yuan, Bin; Yang, Yudong; Zeng, Limin; Chen, Zhongming; Zhang, Qian; Hu, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ying] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chang, Chih-Chung] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Change, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Wang, Ming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring Pol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mshao@pku.edu.cn RI Chen, Zhongming/G-5925-2011; Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012 OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars [41125018]; Natural Science Foundation key project [41330635] FX This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars (Grant No. 41125018) and the Natural Science Foundation key project (Grant No. 41330635). Special thanks are due to William C. Kuster and Paul Goldan for their help with VOCs measurements in 2005, and we also thank Purnendu K. Dasgupta and Yang Li for their assistance with formaldehyde measurements in 2008. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 129 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.062 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8KX UT WOS:000370886000013 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD Hicks, BB AF Saylor, Rick D. Hicks, Bruce B. TI New directions: Time for a new approach to modeling surface-atmosphere exchanges in air quality models? SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; RESOLVED PARTICLE FLUXES; BIDIRECTIONAL EXCHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; AMMONIA EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE; TRACE GASES; DEPOSITION; CANOPY; ACETALDEHYDE C1 [Saylor, Rick D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM rick.saylor@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 129 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.032 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8KX UT WOS:000370886000026 ER PT J AU Templeton, DW Wolfrum, EJ Yen, JH Sharpless, KE AF Templeton, David W. Wolfrum, Edward J. Yen, James H. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Compositional Analysis of Biomass Reference Materials: Results from an Interlaboratory Study SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass reference material; Compositional analysis; Sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum spp. hybrid) NIST RM 8491; Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) NIST RM 8492; Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) NIST RM 8493; Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum var. Thunderbird) NIST RM 8494 ID PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; BIOFUELS; VARIABILITY AB Biomass compositional methods are used to compare different lignocellulosic feedstocks, to measure component balances around unit operations and to determine process yields and therefore the economic viability of biomass-to-biofuel processes. Four biomass reference materials (RMs NIST 8491-8494) were prepared and characterized, via an interlaboratory comparison exercise in the early 1990s to evaluate biomass summative compositional methods, analysts, and laboratories. Having common, uniform, and stable biomass reference materials gives the opportunity to assess compositional data compared to other analysts, to other labs, and to a known compositional value. The expiration date for the original characterization of these RMs was reached and an effort to assess their stability and recharacterize the reference values for the remaining material using more current methods of analysis was initiated. We sent samples of the four biomass RMs to 11 academic, industrial, and government laboratories, familiar with sulfuric acid compositional methods, for recharacterization of the component reference values. In this work, we have used an expanded suite of analytical methods that are more appropriate for herbaceous feedstocks, to recharacterize the RMs' compositions. We report the median values and the expanded uncertainty values for the four RMs on a dry-mass, whole-biomass basis. The original characterization data has been recalculated using median statistics to facilitate comparisons with this data. We found improved total component closures for three out of the four RMs compared to the original characterization, and the total component closures were near 100 %, which suggests that most components were accurately measured and little double counting occurred. The major components were not statistically different in the recharacterization which suggests that the biomass materials are stable during storage and that additional components, not seen in the original characterization, were quantified here. C1 [Templeton, David W.; Wolfrum, Edward J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy,MS 3512, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy,MS 3512, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM David.Templeton@nrel.gov OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 FU US Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program FX We acknowledge the following for developing the data used here: Y.Y. Lee and L. Kang, Auburn University, Auburn, AL; L.R. Madsen II and C. Verret, Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, St. Gabriel, LA; J. Saddler, R. Chandra, and P. Chung, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; C. Wyman, T. Zhang, J. DeMartini, and M. Ebrik, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA; F. Matt, J.Y. Zhu, J. Ahn, and S.R. Kim, Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Lab, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI; G. Gresham, M. Cortez, J. Eaton, S. Morgan, and M. Weston, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID; M. Quinn, E. Boyd, and J. Fletcher, Microbac Laboratories, Hauser Division, Boulder, CO; I. Ibarra, P. Lopez, and K. Shaffer, Monsanto, Ankeny, IA; D.W. Templeton, R. Ness, and E. Fisk, NREL, Golden, CO; M. Penner, J. Goby, and T. Junyusen, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and S. Taylor, B. Dien, and P. O'Bryan, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL. We thank Dan Schell, Chris Scarlata, and Kathy Cisar for reviewing this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s12155-015-9675-1 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE7KV UT WOS:000370816300027 PM 27019676 ER PT J AU Qian, WH Yu, TT Du, J AF Qian, Weihong Yu, Tiantian Du, Jun TI A unified approach to trace surface heat and cold events by using height anomaly SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Height anomaly; Heat wave; Cold event; Early signal; Weather extreme ID WAVES; CHINA; FORECAST; PREDICTION; EUROPE; MODELS; VORTEX AB After decomposing an atmospheric field into climatic and anomalous components, a maximum height anomaly (MHA) in upper troposphere is found to be closely associated with surface anomalous temperature episodes. Thus, a unified method has been proposed to trace both heat and cold events as well as surface temperature anomalies through the following four aspects of this study. (1) First, a global daily MHA database from 1980 to 2010 is derived and its long-term variation is analyzed. (2) The general relationship between surface air temperature anomaly (SATA) and MHA is then studied. Following the hydrostatic balance, positive (negative) MHA center often corresponds well to positive (negative) SATA or heat (cold) event. (3) Potential capability of using MHA signal to extend predictability of SATA events is further examined. It is found that signals in MHA are stronger and appear earlier than that in temperature field. Positive or negative MHA centers can often be traced 9 days ahead on average for many SATA events. The earliest MHA signal to indicate a heat (cold) event can be traced 20 (26) days back in an upstream region. (4) Some challenges in applying MHA to early warning SATA events are discussed, mainly from the irregularity of MHA tracks, the location uncertainty of downward extension of upper air temperature anomaly including missing and false alarm issue, and the inability in quantifying intensity. Therefore, the forecast capability of MHA signal will strongly depend on the quality of an operational model forecasts. C1 [Qian, Weihong; Yu, Tiantian] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yu, Tiantian] Shanghai Cent Meteorol Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, Environmetal Modeling Ctr, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yu, TT (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Yu, TT (reprint author), Shanghai Cent Meteorol Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM yutian4ever@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375073]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [201306032, XDA0509400] FX The authors wish to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions which greatly improved our revised manuscript. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375073) and the Key Technologies R&D Program (201306032) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0509400). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 1647 EP 1664 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2666-2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF1AD UT WOS:000371069900016 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua TI Spatial distribution and the interdecadal change of leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer in the tropical Pacific and the association with ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Spatial distribution; Leading modes of heat budget of the mixed-layer; The tropical Pacific; The association with ENSO; Interdecadal change; Global Ocean Data Assimilation System ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; NCEP GODAS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE AB Using heat budget diagnosis of ocean mixed layer from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System, the spatial distribution of the leading modes of the heat budget was examined. The analysis was for the tropical Pacific in 1979-2013 and was based on combined empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis. The interdecadal changes of the leading modes and their associations with El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were also analyzed. The first leading CEOF mode (CEOF1) corresponds to the ENSO mature phase. The contribution from the zonal advection was relatively small along the equator, except the region near the Pacific coast of Central America. The vertical entrainment and diffusion (surface heat flux) had pronounced maxima with positive (negative) values along the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. The meridional advection displayed a different spatial pattern with large positive values on both sides of the equator and smaller values along the equator. The total meridional advection anomaly was mainly determined by advection of anomalous temperature by climatological current responsible for broadening of the ENSO SSTA pattern meridionally. The zonal advection varied almost simultaneously with the tendency of ocean temperature anomaly in the mixed layer. The second leading CEOF mode (CEOF2) included contribution to SSTA tendency during the ENSO developing phase. The distribution pattern and amplitude of the zonal advection in the eastern Pacific in CEOF2 was similar to but with opposite sign to that in CEOF1. The amplitudes of the other dynamical and thermodynamical terms were smaller than that in CEOF1 and spatial distributions displayed an opposite variation between the Pacific coast of Central America and central and eastern tropical Pacific in CEOF2. A comparison of two periods (1979-1999 and 2000-2013) suggested that coupling in the tropical Pacific weakened at ENSO time scales and shifted to a relatively higher frequency regime (from 2 to 4 years averaged in 1979-1999 to 1.5-3 years) after 2000. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 270 Res Hall,Mail Stop 6C5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX We appreciated the insight comments and suggestions from two reviewers, which significantly improve the paper. We discussed with Prof. Fei-Fei Jin during early stage of this work. Bohua Huang is supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). The procedure of the heat budget calculation used in this work was developed by Dr. Boyin Huang and is maintained by Dr. C. Wen. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 1753 EP 1768 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2672-4 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF1AD UT WOS:000371069900022 ER PT J AU Etnoyer, PJ Wickes, LN Silva, M Dubick, JD Balthis, L Salgado, E MacDonald, IR AF Etnoyer, Peter J. Wickes, Leslie N. Silva, Mauricio Dubick, J. D. Balthis, Len Salgado, Enrique MacDonald, Ian R. TI Decline in condition of gorgonian octocorals on mesophotic reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico: before and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Octocoral; Gorgonian; Gulf of Mexico; Mesophotic zone; Oil spill; Health assessment ID CRUDE-OIL; HETEROXENIA-FUSCESCENS; PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; CORALS PRIMNOA; CNIDARIA; COMMUNITIES; ATLANTIC; CURRENTS AB Hard-bottom 'mesophotic' reefs along the '40-fathom' (73 m) shelf edge in the northern Gulf of Mexico were investigated for potential effects of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill from the Macondo well in April 2010. Alabama Alps Reef, Roughtongue Reef, and Yellowtail Reef were near the well, situated 60-88 m below floating oil discharged during the DWH spill for several weeks and subject to dispersant applications. In contrast, Coral Trees Reef and Madison Swanson South Reef were far from the DWH spill site and below the slick for less than a week or not at all, respectively. The reefs were surveyed by ROV in 2010, 2011, and 2014 and compared to similar surveys conducted one and two decades earlier. Large gorgonian octocorals were present at all sites in moderate abundance including Swiftia exserta, Hypnogorgia pendula, Thesea spp., and Placogorgia spp. The gorgonians were assessed for health and condition in a before-after-control-impact (BACI) research design using still images captured from ROV video transects. Injury was modeled as a categorical response to proximity and time using logistic regression. Condition of gorgonians at sites near Macondo well declined significantly post-spill. Before the spill, injury was observed for 4-9 % of large gorgonians. After the spill, injury was observed in 38-50 % of large gorgonians. Odds of injury for sites near Macondo were 10.8 times higher post-spill, but unchanged at far sites. The majority of marked injured colonies in 2011 declined further in condition by 2014. Marked healthy colonies generally remained healthy. Background stresses to corals, including fishing activity, fishing debris, and coral predation, were noted during surveys, but do not appear to account for the decline in condition at study sites near Macondo well. C1 [Etnoyer, Peter J.; Balthis, Len] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wickes, Leslie N.; Dubick, J. D.; Salgado, Enrique] JHT Inc, 2710 Discovery Dr,Suite 100, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Silva, Mauricio; MacDonald, Ian R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Etnoyer, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM peter.etnoyer@noaa.gov FU DWH NRDA FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the DWH NRDA since 2010. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of USGS since 1997 under the leadership of Dr. Ken Sulak. The captain and crews of NOAA ship Nancy Foster, RV Holiday Chouest, and RV Walton Smith were indispensable, as were the efforts of ROV teams from Deep Sea Systems International and Schilling Robotics. We appreciate A. Shuler, M. Rittinghouse, E. Couch, J. Frometa, and G. Hanna for their significant contributions. A. Shuler prepared the species identification guide in ESM. Special thanks to SD Cairns for help with species identification. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1363-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE9KE UT WOS:000370955100007 ER PT J AU Hurley, KKC Timmers, MA Godwin, LS Copus, JM Skillings, DJ Toonen, RJ AF Hurley, Kaleonani K. C. Timmers, Molly A. Godwin, L. Scott Copus, Joshua M. Skillings, Derek J. Toonen, Robert J. TI An assessment of shallow and mesophotic reef brachyuran crab assemblages on the south shore of O'ahu, Hawai'i SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; Depth gradient; Cryptic fauna; Autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) ID SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATORS; DEEP CORAL-REEFS; JOHNSTON ATOLL; CARIBBEAN SEA; PUERTO-RICO; BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GENUS; CONSERVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Shallow coral reefs are extensively studied but, although scleractinian corals have been recorded to 165 m, little is known about other mesophotic coral reef ecosystem (MCE) inhabitants. Brachyuran crabs fill many ecological and trophic niches on reefs, making them ideal candidates for evaluating species composition among depths to ask whether MCEs host the same communities as shallower reef communities that have been well studied. Here we deployed autonomous reef monitoring structures for 2 yr on the south shore of O'ahu along a depth gradient (12, 30, 60, and 90 m) to sample and assess brachyuran crab communities. A total of 663 brachyuran crabs representing 69 morphospecies (16 families) were found. Community composition was not significantly different within depths, but was highly stratified by depth. Each depth was distinct, but the 30 and 60 m depths were least dissimilar from one another. We show that deeper reefs host significantly different brachyuran communities, and at much lower total abundance, than shallow reefs in Hawai'i, with 4-27 unique morphospecies per depth and only 3 of 69 morphospecies (similar to 4 %) occurring across the entire depth range sampled. C1 [Hurley, Kaleonani K. C.; Timmers, Molly A.; Copus, Joshua M.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Timmers, Molly A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timmers, Molly A.] NOAA, Ecosyst Sci Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Godwin, L. Scott] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Skillings, Derek J.] CUNY Brooklyn Coll, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Hurley, KKC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM hurleyk@hawaii.edu OI Hurley, Kaleonani/0000-0001-7566-0394; Copus, Joshua/0000-0002-9018-7010 FU Jessie D. Kay Fellowship; Seaver Institute; UH Manoa Arts and Humanities Grant; Carol Ann & Myron K. Hayashida Scholarship; [NSF OCE 12-60169]; [NSF GRFP DGE-1329626] FX This work was funded through a combination of grants including NSF OCE 12-60169, NSF GRFP DGE-1329626, the Jessie D. Kay Fellowship, the Seaver Institute, a UH Manoa Arts and Humanities Grant, and the Carol Ann & Myron K. Hayashida Scholarship. We thank NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division and K. Reardon for generous assistance with the shallow ARMS sites and crab identifications and the UH Manoa Dive Safety Office, D. Pence, K. Stender, J. Jones, and C.J. Bradley for installation and retrieval of the mesophotic ARMS. We thank the ToBo laboratory members, particularly M. Iacchei, C. Ka'apu-Lyons, and Z. Hee, for discussion, support, and their efforts in the disassembly and sorting of ARMS samples on retrieval. We also thank M. Donahue, R. Coleman, and I. Knapp for their assistance with the analyses and writing. Special thanks are due to B. Bowen & M. Donahue for their service as committee members and their valuable feedback on the manuscript. This is HIMB Contribution #1640 and SOEST #9545. NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00338-015-1382-z PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE9KE UT WOS:000370955100009 ER PT J AU Wang, ZZ Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zhengzhi Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Correlation between polymerization shrinkage stress and C-factor depends upon cavity compliance SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental restorative materials; Photopolymerization; Polymerization shrinkage stress; C-factor; Compliance of constraint ID LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; CLASS-I CAVITIES; CONTRACTION STRESS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; INSTRUMENT COMPLIANCE; SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS; FILLING TECHNIQUE; TESTING SYSTEM; BOND STRENGTH AB Objectives. The literature reports inconsistent results regarding using configuration factor (C-factor) as an indicator to reflect the generation of polymerization shrinkage stress (PS) from dental restorative composites due to the constraint of cavity configuration. The current study aimed at unraveling the complex effects of C-factor on PS based on analytical and experimental approaches together, such that the reported inconsistency can be explained and a significance of C-factor in clinic can be comprehensively provided. Methods. Analytical models based on linear elasticity were established to predict PS measured in instruments (testing systems) with different compliances, and complex effects of C-factor on PS were derived. The analyses were validated by experiments using a cantilever beam-based instrument and systematic variation of instrumental compliance. Results. For a general trend, PS decreased with increasing C-factor when measured by instruments with high compliance. However, this trend gradually diminished and eventually reversed (PS became increased with increasing C-factor) by decreasing the system compliance. Significance. Our study indicates that the correlation between PS and C-factor are highly dependent on the compliance of testing instrument for PS measurement. This suggests that the current concept on the role of C-factor in the stress development and transmission to tooth structures, higher C-factor produces higher PS due to reduced flow capacity of more confined materials, can be misleading. Thus, the compliance of the prepared tooth (cavity) structure should also be considered in the effect of C-factor on PS. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Wang, Zhengzhi; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Zhengzhi] Wuhan Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). We thank Dr. Swarnavo Sarkar for his helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.003 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000005 PM 26778403 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Watson, SS Allsopp, DA Stanley, D Skrtic, D AF Sun, Jirun Watson, Stephanie S. Allsopp, David A. Stanley, Debbie Skrtic, Drago TI Tuning photo-catalytic activities of TiO2 nanoparticles using dimethacrylate resins SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Titanium dioxide nanoparticles; Free radical; Photo-catalytic activities; Dental resins; Nano-composites; Dimethacrylates; Wettability ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; IMPLANT SURFACES; DENTAL RESINS; NANOCOMPOSITES; HYDROPHILICITY; PHOTOCATALYSIS; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIOXIDANTS; COMPOSITES AB Objective. The unique photo-catalytic activities (PCAs) of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) made them attractive in many potential applications in medical devices. The objective of this study is to optimize the benefits of PCAs of TiO2 NPs through varying chemical structures of dimethacrylate resins. Methods. TiO2 NPs were functionalized to improve the PCAs and bonding to the resins. The PCAs of TiO2 NPs were evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy to determine the amount of the radicals generated and the energy required for their production, respectively. The beneficial effects of the radicals were assessed through: (1) the improvement of degree of vinyl conversion (DC) and (2) modification of resin hydrophilicity. One-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the significant differences between the experimental groups. Results. EPR and UV-vis results clearly showed that the functionalization of TiO2 NPs enhanced PCAs in terms of generating radicals under visible light irradiation. The presence of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functionalities played an important role in DC enhancement and hydrophilicity modification. The DC could be increased up to 22% by adding only 0.1 wt% TiO2 NPs. Viscosity of the resins had minimal or no role in DC improvement through TiO2 NPs. In resins with abundant hydroxyl groups, radicals were more effective in making the resin more hydrophilic. Significance. Knowledge learned from this study will help formulating nano-composites with optimized use of TiO2 PCAs as co-initiators for photo-polymerization, additives for making super-hydrophilic materials and/or antibacterial agents. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Jirun; Allsopp, David A.; Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Stephanie S.; Stanley, Debbie] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01DE023752]; ADA Foundation FX This work is partially funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE023752). Financial support was also provided through ADA Foundation. The authors would like to thank Mr. Anthony Giuseppetti and Dr. Joseph Antonucci for their technical recommendations. We also would like to thank Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their technical support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.021 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000007 PM 26792622 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mai, ZS Barani, A Bush, M Lawn, B AF Zhang, Yu Mai, Zhisong Barani, Amir Bush, Mark Lawn, Brian TI Fracture-resistant monolithic dental crowns SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Monolithic crowns; Zirconia; Lithium disilicate; Dental composite; Splitting; Fracture resistance ID ALL-CERAMIC CROWNS; SIMPLIFIED CEMENTATION PROCESS; LITHIUM-DISILICATE CROWNS; CAD/CAM COMPLETE CROWNS; FATIGUE RESISTANCE; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES; SINGLE CROWNS; TOOTH ENAMEL; WEAR RATES; FAILURE AB Objective. To quantify the splitting resistance of monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate and nanoparticle-composite dental crowns. Methods. Fracture experiments were conducted on anatomically-correct monolithic crown structures cemented to standard dental composite dies, by axial loading of a hard sphere placed between the cusps. The structures were observed in situ during fracture testing, and critical loads to split the structures were measured. Extended finite element modeling (XFEM), with provision for step-by-step extension of embedded cracks, was employed to simulate full failure evolution. Results. Experimental measurements and XFEM predictions were self-consistent within data scatter. In conjunction with a fracture mechanics equation for critical splitting load, the data were used to predict load-sustaining capacity for crowns on actual dentin substrates and for loading with a sphere of different size. Stages of crack propagation within the crown and support substrate were quantified. Zirconia crowns showed the highest fracture loads, lithium disilicate intermediate, and dental nanocomposite lowest. Dental nanocomposite crowns have comparable fracture resistance to natural enamel. Significance. The results confirm that monolithic crowns are able to sustain high bite forces. The analysis indicates what material and geometrical properties are important in optimizing crown performance and longevity. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Mai, Zhisong] NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 433 First Ave,Room 810, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Barani, Amir; Bush, Mark] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Lawn, Brian] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, 433 First Ave,Room 810, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM yz21@nyu.edu FU United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health [2R01 DE017925]; Australian Research Council [DP130101472]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting) FX Funding was provided by the United States National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (Grant 2R01 DE017925), the Australian Research Council (DP130101472), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (via Dakota Consulting). NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.010 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7IJ UT WOS:000370809000015 PM 26792623 ER PT J AU James, KC Lewison, RL Dillingham, PW Curtis, KA Moore, JE AF James, Kelsey C. Lewison, Rebecca L. Dillingham, Peter W. Curtis, K. Alexandra Moore, Jeffrey E. TI Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; fisheries; retention rate; ray; shark; skate ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; SHARK FISHERIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SKATES RAJIDAE; BY-CATCH; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; RAYS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION AB To address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species. C1 [James, Kelsey C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [James, Kelsey C.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, 33 Westwood Ave, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP James, KC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.; James, KC (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kelsey.c.james@gmail.com RI Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014; OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Lenfest Ocean Programme [2008-00648-009] FX We thank Dr David Ebert for expertise on taxonomic groupings and Dovi Kacev and Sara McDonald for constructive edits. Funding was provided by Lenfest Ocean Programme, grant reference number: 2008-00648-009. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 43 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1017/S0376892915000168 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE8BD UT WOS:000370859900002 ER PT J AU Dolan, TE Lynch, PD Karazsia, JL Serafy, JE AF Dolan, T. E. Lynch, P. D. Karazsia, J. L. Serafy, J. E. TI Statistical power to detect change in a mangrove shoreline fish community adjacent to a nuclear power plant SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Power analysis; Fish assemblages; Monitoring; Impact assessment; Nuclear power plant ID INDEXES AB An expansion is underway of a nuclear power plant on the shoreline of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. While the precise effects of its construction and operation are unknown, impacts on surrounding marine habitats and biota are considered by experts to be likely. The objective of the present study was to determine the adequacy of an ongoing monitoring survey of fish communities associated with mangrove habitats directly adjacent to the power plant to detect fish community changes, should they occur, at three spatial scales. Using seasonally resolved data recorded during 532 fish surveys over an 8-year period, power analyses were performed for four mangrove fish metrics (fish diversity, fish density, and the occurrence of two ecologically important fish species: gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and goldspotted killifish (Floridichthys carpio). Results indicated that the monitoring program at current sampling intensity allows for detection of <33 % changes in fish density and diversity metrics in both the wet and the dry season in the two larger study areas. Sampling effort was found to be insufficient in either season to detect changes at this level (<33 %) in species-specific occurrence metrics for the two fish species examined. The option of supplementing ongoing, biological monitoring programs for improved, focused change detection deserves consideration from both ecological and costbenefit perspectives. C1 [Dolan, T. E.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL USA. [Dolan, T. E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lynch, P. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Karazsia, J. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 400 N Congress Ave,Suite 110, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dolan, TE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tara.dolan@stonybrook.edu; patrick.lynch@noaa.gov; jocelyn.karazsia@noaa.gov; joe.serafy@noaa.gov OI Dolan, Tara/0000-0003-0937-0342 FU Restoration Coordination and Verification funds from the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan FX This work was conducted under Special Activity License 07SR-1015. Financial support was provided through Restoration Coordination and Verification funds from the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan provided to J. Serafy. We appreciate the constructive feedback provided by anonymous reviewers. P.B. Teare predominantly conducted field sampling, with support from numerous student volunteers for whom we have deep gratitude. This study is dedicated to the memory of M. South. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 188 IS 3 AR 184 DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5177-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF0ZG UT WOS:000371067600036 PM 26903208 ER PT J AU Gettings, KB Kiesler, KM Faith, SA Montano, E Baker, CH Young, BA Guerrieri, RA Vallone, PM AF Gettings, Katherine Butler Kiesler, Kevin M. Faith, Seth A. Montano, Elizabeth Baker, Christine H. Young, Brian A. Guerrieri, Richard A. Vallone, Peter M. TI Sequence variation of 22 autosomal STR loci detected by next generation sequencing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE STR; Next generation sequencing; Population genetics ID VARIANT ALLELES; REPEAT; MUTATIONS; PLATFORM; D12S391; SYSTEM; D21S11; TOOL AB Sequencing short tandem repeat (STR) loci allows for determination of repeat motif variations within the STR (or entire PCR amplicon) which cannot be ascertained by size-based PCR fragment analysis. Sanger sequencing has been used in research laboratories to further characterize STR loci, but is impractical for routine forensic use due to the laborious nature of the procedure in general and additional steps required to separate heterozygous alleles. Recent advances in library preparation methods enable high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) and technological improvements in sequencing chemistries now offer sufficient read lengths to encompass STR alleles. Herein, we present sequencing results from 183 DNA samples, including African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic individuals, at 22 autosomal forensic STR loci using an assay designed for NGS. The resulting dataset has been used to perform population genetic analyses of allelic diversity by length compared to sequence, and exemplifies which loci are likely to achieve the greatest gains in discrimination via sequencing. Within this data set, six loci demonstrate greater than double the number of alleles obtained by sequence compared to the number of alleles obtained by length: D12S391, D2S1338, D21S11, D8S1179, vWA, and D3S1358. As expected, repeat region sequences which had not previously been reported in forensic literature were identified. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gettings, Katherine Butler; Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faith, Seth A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Faith, Seth A.] N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Montano, Elizabeth; Baker, Christine H.; Young, Brian A.; Guerrieri, Richard A.] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Gettings, KB (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.gettings@nist.gov; kevin.kiesler@nist.gov; safaith@ncsu.edu; montanoe@battelle.org; bakerc@battelle.org; youngb@battelle.org; guerrierir@battelle.org; peter.vallone@nist.gov OI Young, Brian/0000-0001-5665-7990 FU Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) [DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080] FX This work was funded in part by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) interagency agreement DJF-13-0100-PR-0000080: "DNA as a Biometric". Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Departments of Commerce or Justice. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.005 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800009 PM 26701720 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Bright, JA Buckleton, J AF Taylor, Duncan Bright, Jo-Anne Buckleton, John TI Using probabilistic theory to develop interpretation guidelines for Y-STR profiles SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Y-STR; Profile; Interpretation; Thresholds; Probabilistic interpretation; Guidelines ID DNA PROFILES; STUTTER AB Y-STR profiling makes up a small but important proportion of forensic DNA casework. Often Y-STR profiles are used when autosomal profiling has failed to yield an informative result. Consequently Y-STR profiles are often from the most challenging samples. In addition to these points, Y-STR loci are linked, meaning that evaluation of haplotype probabilities are either based on overly simplified counting methods or computationally costly genetic models, neither of which extend well to the evaluation of mixed Y-STR data. For all of these reasons Y-STR data analysis has not seen the same advances as autosomal STR data. We present here a probabilistic model for the interpretation of Y-STR data. Due to the fact that probabilistic systems for Y-STR data are still some way from reaching active casework, we also describe how data can be analysed in a continuous way to generate interpretational thresholds and guidelines. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Buckleton, John] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980 & 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU US National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.11.010 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800010 PM 26706152 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Buckleton, J Bright, JA AF Taylor, Duncan Buckleton, John Bright, Jo-Anne TI Factors affecting peak height variability for short tandem repeat data SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Peak height variability; Stochastic effects; STRmix; STR ID FORENSIC DNA PROFILES AB In forensic DNA analysis a DNA extract is amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), separated using capillary electrophoresis and the resulting DNA products are detected using fluorescence. Sampling variation occurs when the DNA molecules are aliquotted during the PCR setup stage and this translates to variability in peak heights in the resultant electropherogram or between electropherograms generated from a DNA extract. Beyond the variability caused by sampling variation it has been observed that there are factors in generating the DNA profile that can contribute to the magnitude of variability observed, most notably the number of PCR cycles. In this study we investigate a number of factors in the generation of a DNA profile to determine which contribute to levels of peak height variability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Buckleton, John; Bright, Jo-Anne] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980 & 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.12.009 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800022 PM 26774098 ER PT J AU Ensenberger, MG Lenz, KA Matthies, LK Hadinoto, GM Schienman, JE Przech, AJ Morganti, MW Renstrom, DT Baker, VM Gawrys, KM Hoogendoorn, M Steffen, CR Martin, P Alonso, A Olson, HR Sprecher, CJ Storts, DR AF Ensenberger, Martin G. Lenz, Kristy A. Matthies, Learden K. Hadinoto, Gregory M. Schienman, John E. Przech, Angela J. Morganti, Michael W. Renstrom, Daniel T. Baker, Victoria M. Gawrys, Kori M. Hoogendoorn, Marlijn Steffen, Carolyn R. Martin, Pablo Alonso, Antonio Olson, Hope R. Sprecher, Cynthia J. Storts, Douglas R. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PowerPlex (R); Fusion 6C; Validation; Short tandem repeat; STR; Forensic science; DNA typing; CODIS ID SHORT TANDEM REPEAT; LOCI; DNA; MULTIPLEX; CASEWORK; SAMPLES AB The PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System is a 27-locus, six-dye, multiplex that includes all markers in the expanded CODIS core loci and increases overlap with STR database standards throughout the world. Additionally, it contains two, rapidly mutating, Y-STRs and is capable of both casework and database workflows, including direct amplification. A multi-laboratory developmental validation study was performed on the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System. Here, we report the results of that study which followed SWGDAM guidelines and includes data for: species specificity, sensitivity, stability, precision, reproducibility and repeatability, case-type samples, concordance, stutter, DNA mixtures, and PCR-based procedures. Where appropriate we report data from both extracted DNA samples and direct amplification samples from various substrates and collection devices. Samples from all studies were separated on both Applied Biosystems 3500 series and 6-dye capable 3130 series Genetic Analyzers and data is reported for each. Together, the data validate the design and demonstrate the performance of the PowerPlex (R) Fusion 6C System. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ensenberger, Martin G.; Lenz, Kristy A.; Sprecher, Cynthia J.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Matthies, Learden K.; Hadinoto, Gregory M.] Los Angeles Cty Sheriffs Dept Crime Lab, 1800 Paseo Racho Castilla, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Schienman, John E.; Przech, Angela J.; Morganti, Michael W.; Renstrom, Daniel T.; Baker, Victoria M.] Connecticut Dept Emergency Serv & Publ Protect, Div Sci Serv, DNA Unit, 278 Colony St, Meriden, CT 06451 USA. [Gawrys, Kori M.] Erie Cty NY Cent Police Serv Forens Lab, 45 Elm St,417E, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Hoogendoorn, Marlijn] Minnesota Bur Criminal Apprehens, 1430 Maryland Ave East, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. [Steffen, Carolyn R.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Pablo; Alonso, Antonio] Natl Inst Toxicol & Forens Sci, Madrid Dept, Biol Serv, Jose Echegaray 4, Madrid 28232, Spain. [Olson, Hope R.] North Dakota Off Attorney Gen, Crime Lab Div, 2641 East Main Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Ensenberger, MG (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM martin.ensenberger@promega.com NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 21 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.12.011 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DE7KB UT WOS:000370813800023 PM 26774099 ER PT J AU Reznik, D Parshall, D Park, SR Lynn, JW Wolf, T AF Reznik, D. Parshall, D. Park, S. R. Lynn, J. W. Wolf, Th. TI Absence of Magnetic Field Dependence of the Anomalous Bond-Stretching Phonon in YBa2Cu3O6.6 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Cuprates; Phonons; Superconductivity; CDW; Pseudogap AB Superlattice diffraction peaks have been recently observed in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6. They have been interpreted to originate from a charge density wave (CDW) formation. It is believed that strong phonon anomalies previously observed near the same wavevectors are related to the CDW. Competition with superconductivity is a salient feature of the CDW peaks. We investigated if the same is true of anomalous bond-stretching phonons around 60 meV by measuring the spectrum of this phonon at 10 K with and without an applied magnetic field of 10 T. Applying the field had no effect on the phonon within the experimental uncertainty. C1 [Reznik, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Parshall, D.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, S. R.] Incheon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 406772, South Korea. [Wolf, Th.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Reznik, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dmitry.Reznik@Colorado.edu FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939] FX D. R. was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-SC0006939. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 EI 1557-1947 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1007/s10948-015-3293-1 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DF1HE UT WOS:000371089500020 ER PT J AU Kim, KW Lee, HW AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan Lee, Hyun-Woo TI SPINTRONICS Chiral damping SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; DOMAIN-WALLS; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Lee, HW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea. EM kyoungwhan.kim@nist.gov; hwl@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1038/nmat4565 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DE9OM UT WOS:000370967400003 PM 26906956 ER PT J AU Jue, E Safeer, CK Drouard, M Lopez, A Balint, P Buda-Prejbeanu, L Boulle, O Auffret, S Schuhl, A Manchon, A Miron, IM Gaudin, G AF Jue, Emilie Safeer, C. K. Drouard, Marc Lopez, Alexandre Balint, Paul Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana Boulle, Olivier Auffret, Stephane Schuhl, Alain Manchon, Aurelien Miron, Ioan Mihai Gaudin, Gilles TI Chiral damping of magnetic domain walls SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TORQUE; DRIVEN; DYNAMICS; MOTION; MEMORY; FILMS; LAYER AB Structural symmetry breaking in magnetic materials is responsible for the existence of multiferroics(1), current-induced spinorbit torques(2-7) and some topological magnetic structures(8-12). In this Letter we report that the structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) gives rise to a chiral damping mechanism, which is evidenced by measuring the field-driven domain-wall (DW) motion in perpendicularly magnetized asymmetric Pt/Co/Pt trilayers. The DW dynamics associated with the chiral damping and those with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) exhibit identical spatial symmetry(13-19). However, both scenarios are differentiated by their time reversal properties: whereas DMI is a conservative effect that can be modelled by an effective field, the chiral damping is purely dissipative and has no influence on the equilibrium magnetic texture. When the DW motion is modulated by an in-plane magnetic field, it reveals the structure of the internal fields experienced by the DWs, allowing one to distinguish the physical mechanism. The chiral damping enriches the spectrum of physical phenomena engendered by the SIA, and is essential for conceiving DW and skyrmion devices owing to its coexistence with DMI (ref. 20). C1 [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] Univ Grenoble Alpes INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CNRS INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Jue, Emilie; Safeer, C. K.; Drouard, Marc; Lopez, Alexandre; Balint, Paul; Buda-Prejbeanu, Liliana; Boulle, Olivier; Auffret, Stephane; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Gaudin, Gilles] CEA INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Schuhl, Alain] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Manchon, Aurelien] KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Jue, Emilie] NIST Boulder, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miron, IM (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CNRS INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Miron, IM (reprint author), CEA INAC SPINTEC, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM mihai.miron@cea.fr RI Manchon, Aurelien/A-9355-2010; OI Manchon, Aurelien/0000-0002-4768-293X; Jue, Emilie/0000-0002-8815-6610 FU ANR project [11 BS10 008]; European Commission [GA 318144, GA-2012-322369]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology FX We thank H. W. Lee, K.-J. Lee and T. Giamarchi for helpful discussions, as well as A. Thiaville, S. Pizzini and J. Vogel for critically reading the manuscript and discussing the results. This work was partially supported by the ANR (11 BS10 008, ESPERADO) project and European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (GA 318144, SPOT) and (GA-2012-322369, Sport for Memory). A.M. has been supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 27 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 BP 272 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4518 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA DE9OM UT WOS:000370967400010 PM 26689141 ER PT J AU Fenichel, EP Abbott, JK Bayham, J Boone, W Haacker, EMK Pfeiffer, L AF Fenichel, Eli P. Abbott, Joshua K. Bayham, Jude Boone, Whitney Haacker, Erin M. K. Pfeiffer, Lisa TI Measuring the value of groundwater and other forms of natural capital SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE groundwater; sustainability; inclusive wealth; comprehensive wealth; genuine investment ID HIGH-PLAINS AQUIFER; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; GENUINE SAVINGS; WEALTH; EXTRACTION; ECOLOGY; RATES; WATER AB Valuing natural capital is fundamental to measuring sustainability. The United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank, and other agencies have called for inclusion of the value of natural capital in sustainability metrics, such as inclusive wealth. Much has been written about the importance of natural capital, but consistent, rigorous valuation approaches compatible with the pricing of traditional forms of capital have remained elusive. We present a guiding quantitative framework enabling natural capital valuation that is fully consistent with capital theory, accounts for biophysical and economic feedbacks, and can guide interdisciplinary efforts to measure sustainability. We illustrate this framework with an application to groundwater in the Kansas High Plains Aquifer, a rapidly depleting asset supporting significant food production. We develop a 10-y time series (1996-2005) of natural capital asset prices that accounts for technological, institutional, and physical changes. Kansas lost approximately $110 million per year (2005 US dollars) of capital value through groundwater withdrawal and changes in aquifer management during the decade spanning 1996-2005. This annual loss in wealth is approximately equal to the state's 2005 budget surplus, and is substantially more than investments in schools over this period. Furthermore, real investment in agricultural capital also declined over this period. Although Kansas' depletion of water wealth is substantial, it may be tractably managed through careful groundwater management and compensating investments in other natural and traditional assets. Measurement of natural capital value is required to inform management and ongoing investments in natural assets. C1 [Fenichel, Eli P.; Bayham, Jude; Boone, Whitney] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06460 USA. [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bayham, Jude] Calif State Univ Chico, Coll Agr, Chico, CA 95929 USA. [Haacker, Erin M. K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fenichel, EP (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06460 USA. EM Eli.Fenichel@yale.edu FU Knobloch Family Foundation; National Science Foundation [WSC 1039180] FX D. Skelly and S. Yun provided helpful comments. K. Krause assisted with graphic design of Fig 1. E. Addicott provided research assistance. R. Llewlyn helped us access historic crop budgets. The Knobloch Family Foundation supported this research. E.M.K.H. was supported by National Science Foundation WSC 1039180. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 9 BP 2382 EP 2387 DI 10.1073/pnas.1513779113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF2WG UT WOS:000371204500040 PM 26858431 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Balijepalli, AK Ettedgui, J Forstater, JH Wang, HY Zhang, HS Robertson, JWF AF Kasianowicz, John J. Balijepalli, Arvind K. Ettedgui, Jessica Forstater, Jacob H. Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Huisheng Robertson, Joseph W. F. TI Analytical applications for pore-forming proteins SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE Nanopore; Hemolysin; Pore forming toxin; DNA sequencing; Force spectroscopy; Temperature-jump spectroscopy ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN NANOPORE; ION-CHANNEL RECORDINGS; SYMMETRICAL TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM IONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER MEMBRANES; HEPTAMERIC TRANSMEMBRANE PORE; DRIVEN POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE RESOLUTION; DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Proteinaceous nanometer-scale pores are ubiquitous in biology. The canonical ionic channels (e.g., those that transport Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- across cell membranes) play key roles in many cellular processes, including nerve and muscle activity. Another class of channels includes bacterial pore-forming toxins, which disrupt cell function, and can lead to cell death. We describe here the recent development of these toxins for a wide range of biological sensing applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kasianowicz, John J.; Balijepalli, Arvind K.; Ettedgui, Jessica; Forstater, Jacob H.; Wang, Haiyan; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Huisheng] Shenzhen Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Guangdong Key Lab Biomed Measurements & Ultrasoun, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov OI Forstater, Jacob/0000-0003-0268-1009 FU NIH NHGRI [R01HG007415]; European Molecular Biology Organization post-doctoral fellowship; Shenzhen Dedicated Funding of Strategic Emerging Industry Development Program [JCYJ20130408173226864]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2014M560670] FX We are grateful for grant support from the NIH NHGRI (R01HG007415), a European Molecular Biology Organization post-doctoral fellowship (to JE), Shenzhen Dedicated Funding of Strategic Emerging Industry Development Program (JCYJ20130408173226864), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2014M560670). NR 211 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 1858 IS 3 SI SI BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.09.023 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA DE0IG UT WOS:000370307700014 PM 26431785 ER PT J AU Fleming, AH Clark, CT Calambokidis, J Barlow, J AF Fleming, Alyson H. Clark, Casey T. Calambokidis, John Barlow, Jay TI Humpback whale diets respond to variance in ocean climate and ecosystem conditions in the California Current SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean foraging; climate change; ecosystem shifts; euphausiids; forage fish; North Pacific Gyre Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; upwelling ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; STABLE-ISOTOPE; NORTH PACIFIC; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; TROPHIC AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHANGING CLIMATE; FEEDING GROUNDS; FOOD-WEB AB Large, migratory predators are often cited as sentinel species for ecosystem processes and climate-related changes, but their utility as indicators is dependent upon an understanding of their response to environmental variability. Documentation of the links between climate variability, ecosystem change and predator dynamics is absent for most top predators. Identifying species that may be useful indicators and elucidating these mechanistic links provides insight into current ecological dynamics and may inform predictions of future ecosystem responses to climatic change. We examine humpback whale response to environmental variability through stable isotope analysis of diet over a dynamic 20-year period (1993-2012) in the California Current System (CCS). Humpback whale diets captured two major shifts in oceanographic and ecological conditions in the CCS. Isotopic signatures reflect a diet dominated by krill during periods characterized by positive phases of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), cool sea surface temperature (SST), strong upwelling and high krill biomass. In contrast, humpback whale diets are dominated by schooling fish when the NPGO is negative, SST is warmer, seasonal upwelling is delayed and anchovy and sardine populations display increased biomass and range expansion. These findings demonstrate that humpback whales trophically respond to ecosystem shifts, and as a result, their foraging behavior is a synoptic indicator of oceanographic and ecological conditions across the CCS. Multi-decadal examination of these sentinel species thus provides insight into biological consequences of interannual climate fluctuations, fundamental to advancing ecosystem predictions related to global climate change. C1 [Fleming, Alyson H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fleming, Alyson H.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Clark, Casey T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Fleming, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Alyson.fleming@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Research Traineeship FX The authors thank the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Frozen Tissue Archive for the use of humpback whale biopsy samples and Gaby Serra-Valente, Vicki Pease and Kelly Robertson of the SWFSC for providing sample access. We are grateful to Garrett Lemmons and Jeff Seminoff for their guidance regarding stable isotope analysis. All samples were collected under NMFS Scientific Research Permits No. 1026-689424, 774-1437, 774-1714, 14097, 15271 and 540-1811. This manuscript benefitted from edits from Elizabeth T. Vu, Till J.W. Wagner, Rosa Runcie, Lisa A. Levin and Dave M. Checkley. Primary funding for this study was provided by National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education and Research Traineeship. The authors declare no conflicts of interest in submitting or publishing this paper in GCB. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 17 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1111/gcb.13171 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE2XN UT WOS:000370491400021 PM 26599719 ER PT J AU Thol, M Lemmon, EW AF Thol, Monika Lemmon, Eric W. TI Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene [R-1234ze(E)] SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equation of state; Helmholtz energy; R-1234ze(E); Thermodynamic properties; trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ID DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; HEAT-CAPACITY; GASEOUS-PHASE; HFO-1234ZE(E); R1234ZE(E); PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; REGION; MPA AB An equation of state for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of the hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant R-1234ze(E) is presented. The equation of state (EOS) is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density. The formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties through the use of derivatives of the Helmholtz energy. Comparisons to experimental data are given to establish the uncertainty of the EOS. The equation of state is valid from the triple point (169K) to 420 K, with pressures to 100 MPa. The uncertainty in density in the liquid and vapor phases is 0.1% from 200K to 420K at all pressures. The uncertainty increases outside of this temperature region and in the critical region. In the gaseous phase, speeds of sound can be calculated with an uncertainty of 0.05%. In the liquid phase, the uncertainty in speed of sound increases to 0.1%. The estimated uncertainty for liquid heat capacities is 5%. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is 0.1%. C1 [Thol, Monika] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Thermodynam, Univ Str 150, Bochum, Germany. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 AR UNSP 28 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2040-6 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DE0UJ UT WOS:000370340100004 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Lemmon, EW AF Zhou, Yong Lemmon, Eric W. TI Equation of State for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane (R-245ca) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equation of state; Helmholtz energy; R-245ca; Thermodynamic properties; 1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane ID ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS; FLUORINATED PROPANE; BUTANE DERIVATIVES AB An equation of state for the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245ca), which is a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, is presented. The equation of state (EOS) is expressed in terms of the Helmholtz energy as a function of temperature and density, and can calculate all thermodynamic properties through the use of derivatives of the Helmholtz energy. The equation is valid for all liquid, vapor, and supercritical states of the fluid, and is valid from the triple point to 450 K, with pressures up to 10 MPa. Comparisons to experimental data are given to verify the stated uncertainties in the EOS. The estimated uncertainty for density is 0.1 % in the liquid phase between 243 K and 373 K with pressures up to 6.5 MPa; the uncertainties increase outside this range, and are unknown. The uncertainty in vaporphase speed of sound is 0.1 %. The uncertainty in vapor pressure is 0.2 % between 270 K and 393 K. The uncertainties in other regions and properties are unknown due to a lack of experimental data. C1 [Zhou, Yong] Honeywell Integrated Technol China Co Ltd, 430 Li Bing Rd,Zhangjiang Hitech Pk, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM yong.zhou2@honeywell.com; Eric.Lemmon@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 AR 27 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2039-z PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DE0UJ UT WOS:000370340100003 ER PT J AU Weigand, JM Berman, JW AF Weigand, Jonathan M. Berman, Jeffrey W. TI Integrity of Bolted Angle Connections Subjected to Simulated Column Removal SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel; Connections; Structural integrity; Robustness; Disproportionate collapse; Bolted angle; Gravity framing; Metal and composite structures ID TESTS; SHEAR AB Large-scale tests of steel gravity framing systems (SGFSs) have shown that the connections are critical to the system integrity when a column suffers damage that compromises its ability to carry gravity loads. When supporting columns were removed, the SGFSs redistributed gravity loads through the development of an alternate load path in a sustained tensile configuration resulting from large vertical deflections. The ability of the system to sustain such an alternate load path depends on the capacity of the gravity connections to remain intact after undergoing large rotation and axial extension demands for which they were not designed. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of steel bolted angle connections subjected to loading consistent with interior column removal. The characteristic connection behaviors are described and the performance of multiple connection configurations are compared in terms of their peak resistances and deformation capacities. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Weigand, Jonathan M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berman, Jeffrey W.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Weigand, JM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jweigand.weigand@nist.gov; jwberman@uw.edu FU American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); National Science Foundation [CMMI-1000926] FX This research was supported by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1000926. The steel wide flange sections used in the experiments were donated by AISC. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 3 AR 04015165 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001429 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DE1XX UT WOS:000370421300007 ER PT J AU Braccini, M Aires-da-Silva, A Taylor, I AF Braccini, Matias Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre Taylor, Ian TI Incorporating movement in the modelling of shark and ray population dynamics: approaches and management implications SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Elasmobranchs; Integrated assessment; Tagging; Conservation ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH MOVEMENT; TAG RECOVERIES; WHITE SHARKS; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; EXPLOITATION RATES; CARCHARIAS-TAURUS; LIFE-HISTORY; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB The explicit incorporation of movement in the modelling of population dynamics can allow improved management of highly mobile species. Large-scale movements are increasingly being reported for sharks and rays. Hence, in this review we summarise the current understanding of long-scale movement patterns of sharks and rays and then present the different methods used in fisheries science for modelling population movement with an emphasis on sharks and rays. The use of movement data for informing population modelling and deriving management advice remains rare for sharks and rays. In the few cases where population movement was modelled explicitly, movement information has been solely derived from conventional tagging. Though shark and ray movement has been increasingly studied through a range of approaches these different sources of information have not been used in population models. Integrating these multiple sources of movement information could advance our understanding of shark and ray dynamics. This, in turn, would allow the use of more adequate models for assessing stocks and advising management and conservation effort. C1 [Braccini, Matias] Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Aires-da-Silva, Alexandre] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Taylor, Ian] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Braccini, M (reprint author), Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. EM Matias.Braccini@fish.wa.gov.au FU Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Grant [FRDC 2010/003] FX We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was supported by an Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Grant (FRDC 2010/003). NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11160-015-9406-x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE0VK UT WOS:000370343100002 ER PT J AU Kaduk, JA Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Chakraborty, B Lapidus, SH Ribaud, L Brewer, G AF Kaduk, J. A. Wong-Ng, W. Cook, L. P. Chakraborty, B. Lapidus, S. H. Ribaud, L. Brewer, G. TI Synchrotron X-ray investigation of alpha-Chlorohemin, C34H32ClFeN4O4, an Fe-porphyrin SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alpha-Chlorohemin; C34H32ClFeN4O4; Crystal structure; Synchrotron powder diffraction; MOFs; Rietveld refinements; DFT calculations ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; POWDER DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO; METALLOPORPHYRIN FRAMEWORK; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL; CO2; MOFS; REFINEMENT AB X-ray data of a powder sample of alpha-chlorohemin (a member of the porphyrin family), C34H32ClFeN4O4, was collected using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS, Argonne National Laboratory). Rietveld Refinement and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed for obtaining the structure including positions of hydrogen atoms. The structure was found to be P (1) over bar, Z = 2; at 100K the lattice parameters are a = 11.22468(6) angstrom, b = 13.93930(8) angstrom, c = 10.79818(9) angstrom, alpha = 99.6672(6)degrees, beta = 108.4124(8)degrees, gamma = 106.7175(6)degrees, and V = 1471.713(19) angstrom(3), and at 295K, a = 11.43217(7) angstrom, b = 14.06412(10) angstrom, c = 10.85390(9) angstrom, alpha = 98.6655(7)degrees, beta = 108.6294(8)degrees, gamma = 107.5025(7)degrees, and V = 1517.21(2)angstrom(3), Dx = 1.427 g/cm(3). Experimental reference X-ray patterns have also been determined, which will be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cook, L. P.; Chakraborty, B.; Brewer, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lapidus, S. H.; Ribaud, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ICDD is thanked for the partial support through the Grants-in-Aid program. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 53 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.01.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA DE4NB UT WOS:000370605400009 ER PT J AU Vorburger, TV Song, J Petraco, N AF Vorburger, T. V. Song, J. Petraco, N. TI Topography measurements and applications in ballistics and tool mark identifications SO SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Review DE ballistics; breech face; bullet; cartridge case; firearm; surface; standards ID STANDARD BULLETS; SURFACE; SYSTEM; TECHNOLOGY; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; ROUGHNESS; PROJECT AB The application of surface topography measurement methods to the field of firearm and toolmark analysis is fairly new. The field has been boosted by the development of a number of competing optical methods, which has improved the speed and accuracy of surface topography acquisitions. We describe here some of these measurement methods as well as several analytical methods for assessing similarities and differences among pairs of surfaces. We also provide a few examples of research results to identify cartridge cases originating from the same firearm or tool marks produced by the same tool. Physical standards and issues of traceability are also discussed. C1 [Vorburger, T. V.; Song, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petraco, N.] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Petraco, N.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10019 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tvtv@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2051-672X J9 SURF TOPOGR-METROL JI Surf. Topogr.-Metrol. Prop. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 AR 013002 DI 10.1088/2051-672X/4/1/013002 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA DD8MO UT WOS:000370181200003 PM 27182440 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Wang, F Sun, DZ AF Sun, Yan Wang, Fan Sun, De-Zheng TI Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air-Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ENSO asymmetry; nonlinearity; air-sea interaction; cold tongue; CMIP5; deep convection ID EL-NINO EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; COLD-TONGUE; MEAN STATE; WARM POOL AB State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities. Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air-sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air-sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air-sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate-the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Nino events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Nino events, especially the extreme El Nino events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure (especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection) is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced. C1 [Sun, Yan; Wang, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sun, Yan; Wang, Fan] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean Dynam & Climate, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.; Wang, F (reprint author), Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Ocean Dynam & Climate, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM fwang@qdio.ac.cn RI Wang, Fan/J-5119-2012; Sun, Yan/Q-5051-2016 OI Wang, Fan/0000-0001-5932-7567; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417401]; Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05110302]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M521378]; Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS 0553111, AGS 0852329]; Office of Global Programs of NOAA FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under the project "Structures, Variability and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and the Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean" (Grant No. 2012CB417401), the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110302), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2012M521378), the Large-scale and Climate Dynamics Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS 0553111 and AGS 0852329) and the Office of Global Programs of NOAA. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5018-6 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6JK UT WOS:000370030300008 ER PT J AU Saunders, F Nelson, BC AF Saunders, Fenella Nelson, Bryant C. TI First Person: Bryant C. Nelson SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 EI 1545-2786 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 2 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD7PS UT WOS:000370117200006 ER PT J AU Johnson, A Okoro, MH AF Johnson, Ashanti Okoro, Melanie Harrison TI How to Recruit and Retain Underrepresented Minorities SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 [Johnson, Ashanti] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX USA. [Johnson, Ashanti] Univ Texas Arlington, Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Okoro, Melanie Harrison] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Okoro, Melanie Harrison] NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Okoro, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Okoro, MH (reprint author), NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM melanie.okoro@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 EI 1545-2786 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 104 IS 2 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD7PS UT WOS:000370117200007 ER PT J AU Carle, MV Sasser, CE AF Carle, Melissa Vernon Sasser, Charles E. TI Productivity and Resilience: Long-Term Trends and Storm-Driven Fluctuations in the Plant Community of the Accreting Wax Lake Delta SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE River deltas; Wetland vegetation; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Hurricane disturbance; Coastal wetlands; Primary production ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA; VEGETATION INDEXES; HURRICANE-KATRINA; ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; SALT-MARSH; LAND LOSS; LOUISIANA; BIOMASS; REFLECTANCE; WETLAND AB River deltas are dynamic geologic features where the plant community engages in critical feedbacks with geomorphology, and plant community development is impacted by both riverine and coastal drivers. A vegetation index (NDVI) calculated from a time series of 54 peak growing season Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images was used to assess the long-term trends and storm event-driven changes in the vegetation community associated with the Wax Lake Delta, an actively accreting subdelta of the Mississippi River. Multiple regression models were developed to explain variation in the vegetated area of the delta and mean delta NDVI from 1984 to 2011 as a function of date, hydrology, and seasonality. The models indicate that both vegetated area and mean NDVI increased over time from 1984 to 2011. Productivity measures following Hurricanes Lili (2002), Rita (2005), and Ike (2008) represented statistical outliers; significant decreases in NDVI following these storms suggest that hurricanes passing directly over or to the west of the delta result in short-term disturbance to the plant community, most likely related to saltwater intrusion associated with storm surge. However, in each case, both vegetated area and mean NDVI recovered to the long-term trend by the following growing season. These results demonstrate that the freshwater marshes within this mineral-rich, accreting delta are increasing in productivity as the delta matures and are extremely resilient to coastal storm disturbance. C1 [Carle, Melissa Vernon; Sasser, Charles E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Carle, Melissa Vernon] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Carle, MV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.; Carle, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM melissa.carle@noaa.gov FU Louisiana Board of Regents FX Funding for this Project was provided by a Louisiana Board of Regents Fellowship to Melissa Vernon Carle. The authors would like to thank Robert Twilley, Harry Roberts, Lei Wang, the associate editor, and one anonymous review for helpful comments that improved the overall quality of this work and its presentation. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 406 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0005-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC9GA UT WOS:000369527900008 ER PT J AU Goertler, PAL Simenstad, CA Bottom, DL Hinton, S Stamatiou, L AF Goertler, Pascale A. L. Simenstad, Charles A. Bottom, Daniel L. Hinton, Susan Stamatiou, Lia TI Estuarine Habitat and Demographic Factors Affect Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Growth Variability in a Large Freshwater Tidal Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Freshwater tidal estuary; Juvenile Chinook salmon; Growth; Diet; Genetic stock of origin ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOOD WEBS; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; LIFE-HISTORY; PUGET-SOUND; SALMON; FISH; POPULATION AB Estuarine rearing has been shown to enhance within watershed biocomplexity and support growth and survival for juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.). However, less is known about how growth varies across different types of wetland habitats and what explains this variability in growth. We focused on the estuarine habitat use of Columbia River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), which are listed under the Endangered Species Act. We employed a generalized linear model (GLM) to test three hypotheses: (1) juvenile Chinook growth was best explained by temporal factors, (2) habitat, or (3) demographic characteristics, such as stock of origin. This study examined estuarine growth rate, incorporating otolith microstructure, individual assignment to stock of origin, GIS habitat mapping, and diet composition along similar to 130 km of the upper Columbia River estuary. Juvenile Chinook grew on average 0.23 mm/day in the freshwater tidal estuary. When compared to other studies in the basin our growth estimates from the freshwater tidal estuary were similar to estimates in the brackish estuary, but similar to 4 times slower than those in the plume and upstream reservoirs. However, previous survival studies elucidated a possible tradeoff between growth and survival in the Columbia River basin. Our GLM analysis found that variation in growth was best explained by habitat and an interaction between fork length and month of capture. Juvenile Chinook salmon captured in backwater channel habitats and later in the summer (mid-summer and late summer/fall subyearlings) grew faster than salmon from other habitats and time periods. These findings present a unique example of the complexity of understanding the influences of the many processes that generate variation in growth rate for juvenile anadromous fish inhabiting estuaries. C1 [Goertler, Pascale A. L.; Simenstad, Charles A.; Stamatiou, Lia] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.; Hinton, Susan] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. RP Goertler, PAL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pascale.goertler@gmail.com FU US Army Corps of Engineers [EST-P-10-1, W66QKZ20272260]; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery and Sciences (SAFS); Anchor QEA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank our funding sources, the US Army Corps of Engineers (Administrative Code EST-P-10-1, MIPR number W66QKZ20272260), University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery and Sciences (SAFS), Anchor QEA, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would also like to thank the members of the Columbia River estuary project: Antonio Baptista, Mojgan Rostaminia, Rich Zabel, Mark Scheuerell, Curtis Roegner, Paul Chittaro, Tom Cooney, Kurt Fresh, David Teel, Lance Campbell, George McCabe, Regan McNatt, and Mary Rameriez. We are also appreciative of the many volunteers who have participated in field sampling: Jessica Randall, Meegan Coran, Katria Van Raay, Sterling Hines-Elzinga, and Michael Beakes. We would also like to thank Daniel Schindler, Kerry Naish, and Tim Essington for their time and intellectual contributions, and Jeffery Cordell and Beth Armbrust for their assistance with Table 3. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 542 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-0002-z PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC9GA UT WOS:000369527900017 ER PT J AU Hassrick, JL Henderson, MJ Huff, DD Sydeman, WJ Sabal, MC Harding, JA Ammann, AJ Crandall, ED Bjorkstedt, EP Garza, JC Hayes, SA AF Hassrick, Jason L. Henderson, Mark J. Huff, David D. Sydeman, William J. Sabal, Megan C. Harding, Jeffrey A. Ammann, Arnold J. Crandall, Eric D. Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Garza, John Carlos Hayes, Sean A. TI Early ocean distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in an upwelling ecosystem SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; Chinook salmon; juvenile; migration; Pacific Ocean; upwelling ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; PACIFIC SALMON; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ANTARCTIC KRILL; TSHAWYTSCHA; WASHINGTON AB Extreme variability in abundance of California salmon populations is often ascribed to ocean conditions, yet relatively little is known about their marine life history. To investigate which ocean conditions influence their distribution and abundance, we surveyed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the California Current (central California [37 degrees 30N) to Newport, Oregon (44 degrees 00N]) for a 2-week period over three summers (2010-2012). At each station, we measured chlorophyll-a as an indicator of primary productivity, acoustic-based metrics of zooplankton density as an indicator of potential prey availability and physical characteristics such as bottom depth, temperature and salinity. We also measured fork lengths and collected genetic samples from each salmon that was caught. Genetic stock identification revealed that the majority of juvenile salmon were from the Central Valley and the Klamath Basin (91-98%). We constructed generalized logistic-linear negative binomial hurdle models and chose the best model(s) using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to determine which covariates influenced the salmon presence and, at locations where salmon were present, determined the variables that influenced their abundance. The probability of salmon presence was highest in shallower waters with a high chlorophyll-a concentration and close to an individual's natal river. Catch abundance was primarily influenced by year, mean fork length and proximity to natal rivers. At the scale of sampling stations, presence and abundance were not related to acoustic indices of zooplankton density. In the weeks to months after ocean entry, California's juvenile Chinook salmon population appears to be primarily constrained to coastal waters near natal river outlets. C1 [Hassrick, Jason L.] ICF Int, 101 Lucas Valley Rd,Suite 260, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA. [Hassrick, Jason L.; Henderson, Mark J.; Sabal, Megan C.; Crandall, Eric D.; Garza, John Carlos; Hayes, Sean A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Harding, Jeffrey A.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Bjorkstedt, Eric P.; Garza, John Carlos; Hayes, Sean A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA, Estuarine & Ocean Ecol, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Hassrick, Jason L.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Hassrick, JL (reprint author), ICF Int, 101 Lucas Valley Rd,Suite 260, San Rafael, CA 94903 USA.; Hassrick, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Hassrick, JL (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jason.hassrick@icfi.com OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU Delta Stewardship Council; California Sea Grant; Marisla Foundation FX We thank the salmon Ocean Ecology, Integrated Ecosystem Assessment and Molecular Ecology teams at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center for their contributions to this study. In addition to insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers, Brian Wells, Brian Burke and Will Satterthwaite provided reviews that improved the quality of the manuscript. J.L.H. was partially funded by a fellowship from the Delta Stewardship Council with California Sea Grant and support from the Marisla Foundation. We thank Brian Wells for insightful suggestions on experimental design, and Vanessa Apkenas and Cassondra Columbus for laboratory assistance. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1111/fog.12141 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA DD6PM UT WOS:000370046100003 ER PT J AU Larson, WA McKinney, GJ Limborg, MT Everett, MV Seeb, LW Seeb, JE AF Larson, Wesley A. McKinney, Garrett J. Limborg, Morten T. Everett, Meredith V. Seeb, Lisa W. Seeb, James E. TI Identification of Multiple QTL Hotspots in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing and a Dense Linkage Map SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE condition factor; genotyping by sequencing; linkage map; quantitative trait loci; RAD; sockeye salmon; size; thermotolerance ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME DUPLICATION EVENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; POPULATION GENOMICS; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; BODY-WEIGHT; RAD MARKERS; REVEALS; SALAR; CONSERVATION AB Understanding the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits can provide important information about the mechanisms and genomic regions involved in local adaptation and speciation. Here, we used genotyping-by-sequencing and a combination of previously published and newly generated data to construct sex-specific linkage maps for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). We then used the denser female linkage map to conduct quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for 4 phenotypic traits in 3 families. The female linkage map consisted of 6322 loci distributed across 29 linkage groups and was 4082 cM long, and the male map contained 2179 loci found on 28 linkage groups and was 2291 cM long. We found 26 QTL: 6 for thermotolerance, 5 for length, 9 for weight, and 6 for condition factor. QTL were distributed nonrandomly across the genome and were often found in hotspots containing multiple QTL for a variety of phenotypic traits. These hotspots may represent adaptively important regions and are excellent candidates for future research. Comparing our results with studies in other salmonids revealed several regions with overlapping QTL for the same phenotypic trait, indicating these regions may be adaptively important across multiple species. Altogether, our study demonstrates the utility of genomic data for investigating the genetic basis of important phenotypic traits. Additionally, the linkage map created here will enable future research on the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in salmon. C1 [Larson, Wesley A.; McKinney, Garrett J.; Limborg, Morten T.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Seeb, James E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Limborg, Morten T.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Everett, Meredith V.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Larson, WA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wlarson1@uw.edu OI Limborg, Morten T./0000-0002-7718-6531 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Development Association; H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence; US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0718124]; Danish Council for Independent Research's career program Sapere Aude [12-126687] FX Funding was provided by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Bristol Bay Regional Seafood Development Association. W.A.L. was supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence and a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant # DGE-0718124). M.T.L. was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research's career program Sapere Aude (Grant # 12-126687). NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 107 IS 2 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1093/jhered/esv099 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DD6VY UT WOS:000370063900004 PM 26712859 ER PT J AU Dick, RA Barros, M Jin, DN Losche, M Vogt, VM AF Dick, Robert A. Barros, Marilia Jin, Danni Loesche, Mathias Vogt, Volker M. TI Membrane Binding of the Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag Protein Is Cooperative and Dependent on the Spacer Peptide Assembly Domain SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; TYPE-1 GAG; HIV-1 GAG; IN-VITRO; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MATRIX DOMAIN; P10 DOMAIN; RETROVIRAL MATRIX; MODEL MEMBRANES; NUCLEAR EXPORT AB The principles underlying membrane binding and assembly of retroviral Gag proteins into a lattice are understood. However, little is known about how these processes are related. Using purified Rous sarcoma virus Gag and Gag truncations, we studied the interrelation of Gag-Gag interaction and Gag-membrane interaction. Both by liposome binding and by surface plasmon resonance on a supported bilayer, Gag bound to membranes much more tightly than did matrix (MA), the isolated membrane binding domain. In principle, this difference could be explained either by protein-protein interactions leading to cooperativity in membrane binding or by the simultaneous interaction of the N-terminal MA and the C-terminal nucleocapsid (NC) of Gag with the bilayer, since both are highly basic. However, we found that NC was not required for strong membrane binding. Instead, the spacer peptide assembly domain (SPA), a putative 24-residue helical sequence comprising the 12-residue SP segment of Gag and overlapping the capsid (CA) C terminus and the NC N terminus, was required. SPA is known to be critical for proper assembly of the immature Gag lattice. A single amino acid mutation in SPA that abrogates assembly in vitro dramatically reduced binding of Gag to liposomes. In vivo, plasma membrane localization was dependent on SPA. Disulfide cross-linking based on ectopic Cys residues showed that the contacts between Gag proteins on the membrane are similar to the known contacts in virus-like particles. Taken together, we interpret these results to mean that Gag membrane interaction is cooperative in that it depends on the ability of Gag to multimerize. IMPORTANCE The retroviral structural protein Gag has three major domains. The N-terminal MA domain interacts directly with the plasma membrane (PM) of cells. The central CA domain, together with immediately adjoining sequences, facilitates the assembly of thousands of Gag molecules into a lattice. The C-terminal NC domain interacts with the genome, resulting in packaging of viral RNA. For assembly in vitro with purified Gag, in the absence of membranes, binding of NC to nucleic acid somehow facilitates further Gag-Gag interactions that lead to formation of the Gag lattice. The contributions of MA-mediated membrane binding to virus particle assembly are not well understood. Here, we report that in the absence of nucleic acid, membranes provide a platform that facilitates Gag-Gag interactions. This study demonstrates that the binding of Gag, but not of MA, to membranes is cooperative and identifies SPA as a major factor that controls this cooperativity. C1 [Dick, Robert A.; Jin, Danni; Vogt, Volker M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Barros, Marilia; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dick, RA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. EM rad82@cornell.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU HHS \ NIH \ National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [R01GM107013, R01GM101647] FX HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) provided funding to Robert A. Dick, Danni Jin, and Volker M. Vogt under grant number R01GM107013. HHS vertical bar NIH vertical bar National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) provided funding to Marilia Barros and Mathias Losche under grant number R01GM101647. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 90 IS 5 BP 2473 EP 2485 DI 10.1128/JVI.02733-15 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA DD6AF UT WOS:000370005400026 PM 26676779 ER PT J AU Crona, BI Basurto, X Squires, D Gelcich, S Daw, TM Khan, A Havice, E Chomo, V Troell, M Buchary, EA Allison, EH AF Crona, Beatrice I. Basurto, Xavier Squires, Dale Gelcich, Stefan Daw, Tim M. Khan, Ahmed Havice, Elizabeth Chomo, Victoria Troell, Max Buchary, Eny A. Allison, Edward H. TI Towards a typology of interactions between small-scale fisheries and global seafood trade SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Seafood; Trade; Typology; Dynamics; Small-scale fisheries; Interactions ID LAND-USE; FOOD SECURITY; FISH; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; ACCESS; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; AQUACULTURE; PACIFIC AB Fish and fish-related products are among the most highly traded commodities globally and the proportion of globally harvested fish that is internationally traded has steadily risen over time. Views on the benefits of international seafood trade diverge, partly as a result from adopting either an aggregate national focus or a focus on local market actors. However, both views generally assume that the trade in question is characterized by export of fisheries resources to international markets. This is potentially misleading as empirical evidence suggests that import of seafood can also have impacts on local SSF dynamics. A systematic analysis of the different ways in which local production systems connect to international seafood markets can therefore help shed more light on why small-scale fisheries exhibit such differences in outcomes as they engage in an increasingly global seafood trade. This paper conducts a synthesis across 24 cases from around the world and develops a typology of small-scale fisheries and how they connect to and interact with international seafood trade. The analysis is based on key features drawn from trade theory regarding how trade interacts with local production. The implications of the findings for social and ecological sustainability of small-scale fisheries are discussed with the aim of identifying further research topics which deserve attention to better inform trade policy for more sustainable fisheries and more just wealth distribution from their trade. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crona, Beatrice I.; Buchary, Eny A.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Global Econ Dynam & Biosphere, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Crona, Beatrice I.; Daw, Tim M.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Basurto, Xavier] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Squires, Dale] US NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Appl Ecol & Sustainabil CAPES, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. [Gelcich, Stefan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ecol, Ctr Conservac Marina, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile. [Khan, Ahmed] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, UNEP IEMP, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Havice, Elizabeth] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall,CB 3220, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA. [Chomo, Victoria] FAO, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Viale Terme Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Troell, Max] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst Ecol Econ, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Allison, Edward H.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, 1492 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Crona, BI (reprint author), Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Global Econ Dynam & Biosphere, Box 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. EM beatrice.crona@kva.se OI Troell, Max/0000-0002-7509-8140 FU MISTRA; Erling-Persson Foundation; Global Environmental Dynamics; Biosphere program at the Royal Swedish Academy of Science; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Conicyt FB; Milenio Initiative NC [120086]; Young International Scientist Fellowship under UNEP-IEMP [2012 YlZA0010] FX Funding for this paper was provided through a core grant by MISTRA to the Stockholm Resilience Center. The lead author (and EAB) were also funded by the Erling-Persson Foundation, through the Global Environmental Dynamics and the Biosphere program at the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. Input by remaining authors were supported by David and Lucile Packard Foundation (XB), Conicyt FB 0002 and Milenio Initiative NC 120086 (SG), and the Young International Scientist Fellowship Grant no. 2012 YlZA0010 under UNEP-IEMP (AK). Any opinions, findings or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of U.S. NOAA Fisheries or the other funding agencies. Finally, thank you to Mark Sanctuary for pointing us in the direction of relevant aspects of trade theory during early stages of this work. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.11.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200001 ER PT J AU Huang, HW Swimmer, Y Bigelow, K Gutierrez, A Foster, DG AF Huang, Hsiang-Wen Swimmer, Yonat Bigelow, Keith Gutierrez, Alexis Foster, Daniel G. TI Influence of hook type on catch of commercial and bycatch species in an Atlantic tuna fishery SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Circle hook; Tuna; Sea turtle bycatch; Deep set longline; Regional fisheries management; organization ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SEA-TURTLE BYCATCH; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCLE HOOKS; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; RELEASE FISHERIES; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; OCEAN; RATES AB Experimental sets were conducted on a Taiwanese deep set longline fishing vessel operating in the tropical Atlantic Ocean to evaluate the effects of relatively wide circle hooks vs. Japanese tuna hooks with respect to catch rates of both target and incidental species. On circle hooks there were significantly higher catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as compared to tuna hooks. Significantly higher rates of albacore (T. alalunga) and longbill spearfish (Tetrapterus pfluegeri) were caught on Japanese tuna hooks as compared to circle hooks. Overall, 55 sea turtles were incidentally captured, most (n=47) of which were leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), and capture rates were similar between hook type. Immediate survival rates (percentage alive) when landed were statistically similar for all major target fish species and sea turtles independent of hook type. Most (64%) sea turtles were hooked on the first and second branchlines closest to the float, which are the shallowest hooks deployed on a longline. Lengths of six retained species were compared between hook types. Of these, swordfish was the only species to show a significant difference in length by hook type, which were significantly larger on circle hooks compared to tuna hooks. Additional incentives to use circle hooks would be the increased catch rate in targeted bigeye tuna over traditional Japanese tuna hooks. This international collaboration was initiated in direct response to regional fisheries management organization recommendations that encourage member countries to conduct experiments aimed to identify means to reduce bycatch in longline fishing gear. Information presented may be useful for managers in developing international fisheries policies that aim to balance increases in commercial fishery revenue and endangered species protection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, Hsiang-Wen] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Ctr Excellence Oceans, Inst Marine Affairs & Resource Management, Keelung, Taiwan. [Swimmer, Yonat; Bigelow, Keith] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gutierrez, Alexis] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Foster, Daniel G.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Swimmer, Y (reprint author), 501 W Ocean Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM yonat.swimmer@noaa.gov FU United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [NFFR7400-12-03329] FX This project was funded by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (Grant No. NFFR7400-12-03329) through a monetary arrangement with the International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). The experiment was conducted and implemented by the Taiwan Fisheries Agency with technical expertize provided by NMFS. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Tsai, the fisheries observer, for his efforts on board the fishing vessel to collect this valuable information, the Fisheries Agency for providing the relevant bycatch database, and to the Taiwan Tuna Association and Yuan-Hung Company for their assistance. Additional gratitude is extended to Kim Dietrich who provided the observer training and to Daniel Curran of NMFS PIFSC who assisted with gear configurations as well as valuable editorial contributions. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200008 ER PT J AU Wylie, L Sutton-Grier, AE Moore, A AF Wylie, Lindsay Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Moore, Amber TI Keys to successful blue carbon projects: Lessons learned from global case studies SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves; Soil carbon; Carbon sequestration and storage; UNFCCC; Voluntary carbon market ID ECOSYSTEMS; STOCK AB Ecosystem services such as protection from storms and erosion, tourism benefits, and climate adaptation and mitigation have been increasingly recognized as important considerations for environmental policymalcing. Recent research has shown that coastal ecosystems such as seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves provide climate mitigation services because they are particularly effective at sequestering and storing carbon dioxide, referred to as "coastal blue carbon". Unfortunately, degradation of blue carbon ecosystems due to anthropogenic impacts contributes to anthropogenic carbon emissions from land use impacts and prevents these ecosystems from continuing to sequester and store carbon. Given the impressive carbon sequestration and storage in coastal ecosystems, many countries with blue carbon resources are beginning to implement blue carbon restoration projects using carbon financing mechanisms. This study analyzed four case studies of projects in Kenya, India, Vietnam, and Madagascar, evaluating the individual carbon financing mechanisms, the project outcomes, and the policy implications of each. Strengths and challenges of implementing blue carbon projects are discussed and considerations that all projects should address are examined in order to develop long-term sustainable climate mitigation or adaptation policies. This analysis can help to inform future project design considerations as well as policy opportunities. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wylie, Lindsay] Amer Univ, Sch Int Serv, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Amber] NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Amber] Puget Sound Partnership, 326 East D St, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. RP Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariana.suttongrier@gmail.com OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003]; Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program FX We would like to thank many people who helped provide information for this manuscript including: Jonathan Lambert, Yunziyi Land, Yuanrong Zhou, and Yixing Zhu from Columbia University for getting this project started; and Dr. Mark Huxham, Stephen Crooks, Ajanta Dey, Leah Glass, Richard McNally, and Terese Goransson for their communication and assistance. The Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship program provided funding and support for L. Wylie to undertake this research. A. Sutton-Grier was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.020 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DD7IF UT WOS:000370096200009 ER PT J AU Ripple, DC Hu, ZS AF Ripple, Dean C. Hu, Zhishang TI Correcting the Relative Bias of Light Obscuration and Flow Imaging Particle Counters SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow imaging; flow microscopy; light obscuration; particle; protein aggregate ID SILICONE OIL DROPLETS; SUBVISIBLE PARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PROTEIN PARTICLES; PHASE RETRIEVAL; SCATTERING; FORMULATIONS; IMMUNOGENICITY; PERSPECTIVE; MICROSCOPY AB Industry and regulatory bodies desire more accurate methods for counting and characterizing particles. Measurements of proteinaceous-particle concentrations by light obscuration and flow imaging can differ by factors of ten or more. We propose methods to correct the diameters reported by light obscuration and flow imaging instruments. For light obscuration, diameters were rescaled based on characterization of the refractive index of typical particles and a light scattering model for the extinction efficiency factor. The light obscuration models are applicable for either homogeneous materials (e.g., silicone oil) or for chemically homogeneous, but spatially non-uniform aggregates (e.g., protein aggregates). For flow imaging, the method relied on calibration of the instrument with silica beads suspended in water-glycerol mixtures. These methods were applied to a silicone-oil droplet suspension and four particle suspensions containing particles produced from heat stressed and agitated human serum albumin, agitated polyclonal immunoglobulin, and abraded ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymer. All suspensions were measured by two flow imaging and one light obscuration apparatus. Prior to correction, results from the three instruments disagreed by a factor ranging from 3.1 to 48 in particle concentration over the size range from 2 to 20 mu m. Bias corrections reduced the disagreement from an average factor of 14 down to an average factor of 1.5. The methods presented show promise in reducing the relative bias between light obscuration and flow imaging. C1 [Ripple, Dean C.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Zhishang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Ctr Computat & Syst Biol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Ripple, DC (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.ripple@nist.gov NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 EI 1573-904X J9 PHARM RES-DORDR JI Pharm. Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 653 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s11095-015-1817-9 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DD5EV UT WOS:000369946400010 PM 26555667 ER PT J AU Orji, NG Itoh, H Wang, C Dixson, RG Walecki, PS Schmid, SW Irmer, B AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Itoh, Hiroshi Wang, Chumei Dixson, Ronald G. Walecki, Peter S. Schmid, Sebastian W. Irmer, Bernd TI Tip characterization method using multi-feature characterizer for CD-AFM SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Critical dimension atomic force microscope; Tip characterizer; Tip dilation ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGE SIMULATION; SHAPE AB In atomic force microscopy (AFM) metrology, the tip is a key source of uncertainty. Images taken with an AFM show a change in feature width and shape that depends on tip geometry. This geometric dilation is more pronounced when measuring features with high aspect ratios, and makes it difficult to obtain absolute dimensions. In order to accurately measure nanoscale features using an AFM, the tip dimensions should be known with a high degree of precision. We evaluate a new AFM tip characterizer, and apply it to critical dimension AFM (CD-AFM) tips used for high aspect ratio features. The characterizer is made up of comb-shaped lines and spaces, and includes a series of gratings that could be used as an integrated nanoscale length reference. We also demonstrate a simulation method that could be used to specify what range of tip sizes and shapes the characterizer can measure. Our experiments show that for non reentrant features, the results obtained with this characterizer are consistent to 1 nm with the results obtained by using widely accepted but slower methods that are common practice in CD-AFM metrology. A validation of the integrated length standard using displacement interferometry indicates a uniformity of better than 0.75%, suggesting that the sample could be used as highly accurate and SI traceable lateral scale for the whole evaluation process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Walecki, Peter S.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Itoh, Hiroshi; Wang, Chumei] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba Cent Res Inst Instrumentat Frontier, Nanoscale Microspect Anal Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Walecki, Peter S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Schmid, Sebastian W.; Irmer, Bernd] Nanotools GmbH, Reichenbachstr 33, D-80469 Munich, Germany. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Nanostruct Metrol Grp, Engn Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ndubuisi.orji@nist.gov FU Engineering Physics Division at NIST, USA; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Japan FX This work is partially funded by the Engineering Physics Division at NIST, USA and partially supported by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Japan. We thank Prem Kavuri of NIST for help with SEM images, John Dagata and Gordie Shaw of NIST for valuable comments and discussions. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 162 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.003 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA DD0NC UT WOS:000369615700005 PM 26720439 ER PT J AU Johnston-Peck, AC Winterstein, JP Roberts, AD DuChene, JS Qian, K Sweeny, BC Wei, WD Sharma, R Stach, EA Herzing, AA AF Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Winterstein, Jonathan P. Roberts, Alab D. DuChene, Joseph S. Qian, Kun Sweeny, Brendan C. Wei, Wei David Sharma, Renu Stach, Eric A. Herzing, Andrew A. TI Oxidation-state sensitive imaging of cerium dioxide by atomic-resolution low-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Point defects; Cerium dioxide ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; CEO2; STEM; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; CONTRAST; SRTIO3; IMAGES AB Low-angle annular dark field (LAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging is presented as a method that is sensitive to the oxidation state of cerium ions in CeO2 nanoparticles. This relationship was validated through electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), in situ measurements, as well as multislice image simulations. Static displacements caused by the increased ionic radius of Ce3+ influence the electron channeling process and increase electron scattering to low angles while reducing scatter to high angles. This process manifests itself by reducing the high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) signal intensity while increasing the LAADF signal intensity in close proximity to Ce3+ ions. This technique can supplement STEM-EELS and in so doing, relax the experimental challenges associated with acquiring oxidation state information at high spatial resolutions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roberts, Alab D.; DuChene, Joseph S.; Qian, Kun; Sweeny, Brendan C.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Roberts, Alab D.; DuChene, Joseph S.; Qian, Kun; Sweeny, Brendan C.; Wei, Wei David] Univ Florida, Ctr Nanostruct Elect Mat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stach, Eric A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Johnston-Peck, AC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.johnston-peck@nist.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 FU NSF [DMR-1352328-CAREER, CHE-1308644]; CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials [CHE-1038015]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX A portion of this research was performed while A.C.J.-P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. W.D.W., A.D.R., J. S.D., K.Q., and B.C.S. thank the NSF for support under Grant DMR-1352328-CAREER, CHE-1308644, and the CCI Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials (CHE-1038015). A.D.R. specifically acknowledges the University of Florida Howard Hughes Medical Institute Intramural Award. A portion of the work was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY) through User Proposal BNL-CFN-31913 and BNL-CFN-33789, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-SC0012704. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 162 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.004 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA DD0NC UT WOS:000369615700008 PM 26744830 ER PT J AU Nilsen, FM Parrott, BB Bowden, JA Kassim, BL Somerville, SE Bryan, TA Bryan, CE Lange, TR Delaney, JP Brunell, AM Long, SE Guillette, LJ AF Nilsen, Frances M. Parrott, Benjamin B. Bowden, John A. Kassim, Brittany L. Somerville, Stephen E. Bryan, Teresa A. Bryan, Colleen E. Lange, Ted R. Delaney, J. Patrick Brunell, Arnold M. Long, Stephen E. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Global DNA methylation loss associated with mercury contamination and aging in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE DNA methylation; Mercury; American alligator; Environmental contaminants; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Deoxyribonucleoside ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; BISPHENOL-A; BLOOD; EXPOSURE; EPIGENETICS; RIVER; HYPOMETHYLATION AB Mercury is a widespread environmental contaminant with exposures eliciting a well-documented catalog of adverse effects. Yet, knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms by which mercury exposures are translated into biological effects remains incomplete. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is sensitive to environmental cues, and alterations in DNA methylation at the global level are associated with a variety of diseases. Using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS/MS) approach, global DNA methylation levels were measured in red blood cells of 144 wild American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from 6 sites with variable levels of mercury contamination across Florida's north-south axis. Variation in mercury concentrations measured in whole blood was highly associated with location, allowing the comparison of global DNA methylation levels across different "treatments" of mercury. Global DNA methylation in alligators across all locations was weakly associated with increased mercury exposure. However, a much more robust relationship was observed in those animals sampled from locations more highly contaminated with mercury. Also, similar to other vertebrates, global DNA methylation appears to decline with age in alligators. The relationship between age-associated loss of global DNA methylation and varying mercury exposures was examined to reveal a potential interaction. These findings demonstrate that global DNA methylation levels are associated with mercury exposure, and give insights into interactions between contaminants, aging, and epigenetics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nilsen, Frances M.; Bowden, John A.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Long, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. [Nilsen, Frances M.; Parrott, Benjamin B.; Bowden, John A.; Kassim, Brittany L.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Bryan, Teresa A.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Long, Stephen E.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lange, Ted R.; Brunell, Arnold M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 601 W Woodward Ave, Eustis, FL 32726 USA. [Delaney, J. Patrick] Deseret Ranches, 13754 Deseret Lane, St Cloud, FL 34773 USA. RP Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Nilsen, FM (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM frances.nilsen@noaa.gov FU CoEE Center for Marine Genomics; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST) [60NANB12D225] FX This work was supported in part by the CoEE Center for Marine Genomics and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST Grant #60NANB12D225). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 545 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.059 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8TQ UT WOS:000369493000040 PM 26748003 ER PT J AU Koner, PK Harris, A Maturi, E AF Koner, Prabhat K. Harris, Andrew Maturi, Eileen TI Hybrid cloud and error masking to improve the quality of deterministic satellite sea surface temperature retrieval and data coverage SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cloud detection; Spectral differences method; Radiative transfer model; Bayesian cloud detection; Modified total least squares; Sea surface temperature; GOES-13 imager ID CLEAR-SKY; AVHRR DATA; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; THRESHOLDS; MODIS AB In the infrared region, the quality of sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals critically depends on the cloud detection scheme. More than 5 million matchups, where the surface and top of atmosphere measurements are available, have been carefully analyzed to understand clouds related errors and to develop the advanced cloud detection scheme for improvement of satellite SST quality. The effectiveness of a Bayesian cloud detection (BCD) scheme, operationally implemented at the NOAA Office of Satellite Product Operations (OSPO) for the GOES-Imager, has been examined using an experimental filter and it is found that this scheme is not optimal. Thus, a new algorithm for cloud and error masking (CEM) scheme is proposed for physical SST retrievals. This is based on a quasi-deterministic approach combined with an approximated radiative transfer model and the functional spectral differences at pixel level. Although, traditionally the validation of cloud detection algorithms have often been reported qualitatively using visual inspection of imagery, we have made a quantitative validation of the cloud algorithm for its intended purpose by determining the quality of satellite SST retrievals against in situ data. Results show that CEM can reduce the root mean square error in SST by an average of 22% while increasing the data coverage by an average of 38% compared to the operationally implemented BCD at OSPO, as assessed over a period of fifty months. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew; Maturi, Eileen] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Koner, PK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Prabhat.Koner@noaa.gov RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Koner, Prabhat/C-3407-2012 FU NESDIS Product Systems Developement and implementation program through NOAA [NA09ES4400006] FX This study was Supported by the NESDIS Product Systems Developement and implementation program through NOAA grant NA09ES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. We thank all the reviewers for their suggestions to improve the readbility of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings, contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 174 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.015 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DB8DI UT WOS:000368746800021 ER PT J AU Banerjee, D Nguyen, T Chuang, TJ AF Banerjee, Dilip Nguyen, Tinh Chuang, Tze-Jer TI Mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites with varied interphase's modulus and thickness: A finite element analysis study SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Finite element; Modeling; Polymer; Multiscale; Interphase; CNT; Composite ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; EPOXY COMPOSITES; LOAD-TRANSFER; NANOCOMPOSITES; STRENGTH; INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR; SCIENCE AB The role of the interphase on mechanical performance of glassy polymer/single-walled carbon nanotube composites has been investigated by finite element (FE) method. The matrix and the interphase are modeled using continuum elements and the nanotube is analyzed by Timoshenko beam elements. Stress distribution and mechanical property of the nanocomposites are quantified as a function of the interphase's modulus and thickness. For composites that include an interphase, the predicted moduli are comparable to the values calculated by the rule of mixtures, but are much lower than those of an interphase-free composite. For composites consisting of only the CNT and the matrix, the predicted modulus values are in good agreement with those computed by the rule of mixtures and with theoretical data reported in the literature, although the predicted values are considerably higher than those of real polymer/CNT composites. Using Griffin's fracture analysis for dissimilar materials, we have proved that fracture stress of the weak boundary layer in the CNT/polymer interphase is lower than that of the CNT/polymer interface or of the matrix. The weak boundary layer, which is always existing in a CNT/polymer's three dimensional interphase, is proposed as the main reason for the large discrepancy between Young's moduli predicted by the model observed in this study and reported in the literature and those measured experimentally from real-world polymer/SWCNT composites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Banerjee, Dilip; Nguyen, Tinh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chuang, Tze-Jer] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 114 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.12.026 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DB6IR UT WOS:000368618800028 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Kristensen, K AF Thorson, James T. Kristensen, Kasper TI Implementing a generic method for bias correction in statistical models using random effects, with spatial and population dynamics examples SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Random effects; Mixed-effects model; Template Model Builder (TMB); Stock assessment; Epsilon estimator; Bias correction ID STOCK-REDUCTION ANALYSIS; RECRUITMENT; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; SELECTIVITY; VARIANCES; DENSITY AB Statistical models play an important role in fisheries science when reconciling ecological theory with available data for wild populations or experimental studies. Ecological models increasingly include both fixed and random effects, and are often estimated using maximum likelihood techniques. Quantities of biological or management interest ("derived quantities") are then often calculated as nonlinear functions of fixed and random effect estimates. However, the conventional "plug-in" estimator for a derived quantity in a maximum likelihood mixed-effects model will be biased whenever the estimator is calculated as a nonlinear function of random effects. We therefore describe and evaluate a new "epsilon" estimator as a generic bias-correction estimator for derived quantities. We use simulated data to compare the epsilon-method with an existing bias-correction algorithm for estimating recruitment in four configurations of an age-structured population dynamics model. This simulation experiment shows that the epsilon-method and the existing bias-correction method perform equally well in data-rich contexts, but the epsilon-method is slightly less biased in data-poor contexts. We then apply the epsilon-method to a spatial regression model when estimating an index of population abundance, and compare results with an alternative bias-correction algorithm that involves Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling. This example shows that the epsilon-method leads to a biologically significant difference in estimates of average abundance relative to the conventional plug-in estimator, and also gives essentially identical estimates to a sample-based bias-correction estimator. The epsilon-method has been implemented by us as a generic option in the open-source Template Model Builder software, and could be adapted within other mixedeffects modeling tools such as Automatic Differentiation Model Builder for random effects. It therefore has potential to improve estimation performance for mixed-effects models throughout fisheries science. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kristensen, Kasper] Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 175 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.11.016 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DB0RV UT WOS:000368216100008 ER PT J AU Ruhrig, J Bauerle, T Julienne, PS Tiesinga, E Pfau, T AF Ruehrig, Jahn Baeuerle, Tobias Julienne, Paul S. Tiesinga, Eite Pfau, Tilman TI Photoassociation of spin-polarized chromium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE LIFETIME; SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; SCATTERING; LITHIUM; STATE; GAS AB We report the homonuclear photoassociation (PA) of ultracold Cr-52 atoms in an optical dipole trap. This constitutes the measurement of PA in an element with total electron spin (S) over tilde > 1. Although Cr, with its S-7(3) ground and P-7(4,3,2) excited states, is expected to have a complicated PA spectrum we show that a spin-polarized cloud exhibits a remarkably simple PA spectrum when circularly polarized light is applied. Over a scan range of 20 GHz below the P-7(3) asymptote we observe two distinct vibrational series each following a LeRoy-Bernstein law for a C-3/R-3 potential with excellent agreement. We determine the C-3 coefficients of the Hund's case (c) relativistic adiabatic potentials to be -1.83 +/- 0.02 and -1.46 +/- 0.01 a.u.. Theoretical nonrotating Movre-Pichler calculations enable a first assignment of the series to Omega = 6(u) and 5(g) potential energy curves. In a different set of experiments we disturb the selection rules by a transverse magnetic field which leads to additional PA series. C1 [Ruehrig, Jahn; Baeuerle, Tobias; Pfau, Tilman] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ruehrig, Jahn; Baeuerle, Tobias; Pfau, Tilman] Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Julienne, Paul S.; Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.; Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruhrig, J (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.; Ruhrig, J (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Ctr Integrated Quantum Sci & Technol, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Pfau, Tilman/G-1774-2011; OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU DFG [PF381/11-1] FX We thank A. Griesmaier for his contributions in the earlier stages of the experiment. This work was supported by the DFG under Contract No. PF381/11-1. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 29 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.021406 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DF5JX UT WOS:000371389100002 ER PT J AU Hausfather, Z Cowtan, K Menne, MJ Williams, CN AF Hausfather, Zeke Cowtan, Kevin Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. TI Evaluating the impact of US Historical Climatology Network homogenization using the US Climate Reference Network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; URBANIZATION; RECORDS; TIME AB Numerous inhomogeneities including station moves, instrument changes, and time of observation changes in the U.S. Historical Climatological Network (USHCN) complicate the assessment of long-term temperature trends. Detection and correction of inhomogeneities in raw temperature records have been undertaken by NOAA and other groups using automated pairwise neighbor comparison approaches, but these have proven controversial due to the large trend impact of homogenization in the United States. The new U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) provides a homogenous set of surface temperature observations that can serve as an effective empirical test of adjustments to raw USHCN stations. By comparing nearby pairs of USHCN and USCRN stations, we find that adjustments make both trends and monthly anomalies from USHCN stations much more similar to those of neighboring USCRN stations for the period from 2004 to 2015 when the networks overlap. These results improve our confidence in the reliability of homogenized surface temperature records. C1 [Hausfather, Zeke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hausfather, Zeke] Berkeley Earth, Berkeley, CA USA. [Cowtan, Kevin] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Menne, Matthew J.; Williams, Claude N., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hausfather, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Hausfather, Z (reprint author), Berkeley Earth, Berkeley, CA USA. EM hausfath@berkeley.edu OI Hausfather, Zeke/0000-0002-2926-0581 FU Berkeley Earth; NOAA FX The USHCN data are available from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ushcn/v2.5/ The USCRN data are available from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/uscrn/products/monthly01/. Computer code is available from http://www-users.york.ac.uk/similar to kdc3/papers/crn2016/. Z. H. is funded by Berkeley Earth. M. M. and C. W. are funded by NOAA. No specific funding or grants supported this project. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1695 EP 1701 DI 10.1002/2015GL067640 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IF UT WOS:000373109000037 ER PT J AU Swales, D Alexander, M Hughes, M AF Swales, Dustin Alexander, Mike Hughes, Mimi TI Examining moisture pathways and extreme precipitation in the US Intermountain West using self-organizing maps SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INLAND PENETRATION; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; UNITED-STATES; LANDFALL; EVENTS AB Self-organizing maps (SOMs) were used to explore relationships between large-scale synoptic conditions, especially vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT), and extreme precipitation events in the U.S. Intermountain West (IMW). By examining spatial patterns in the IVT, pathways are identified where moisture can penetrate into the IMW. A substantial number of extreme precipitation events in the IMW are associated with infrequently occurring synoptic patterns. The transition frequency between each of the SOM nodes, which indicate temporal relationships between the patterns, identified two synoptic settings associated with extreme precipitation in the IMW: (1) a landfalling, zonally propagating trough that results in a concentrated IVT band that moves southward as the system moves inland and (2) a southwesterly storm track associated with strong ridging over the coast that results in persistent IVT transport into the Pacific Northwest that can last for several days. C1 [Swales, Dustin; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swales, Dustin; Alexander, Mike; Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Swales, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Swales, D (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM dustin.swales@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Bureau of Reclamation FX The authors would like to thank the Bureau of Reclamation for their financial support for this work and in particular Kathleen Holman for her feedback and constructive comments along the way, Nathaniel Johnson at GFDL for providing guidance in the early stages of this work, and also James Scott and Kelly Mahoney at the University of Colorado/CIRES for their helpful suggestions. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1727 EP 1735 DI 10.1002/2015GL067478 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IF UT WOS:000373109000041 ER PT J AU Castaneda, CA Chaturvedi, A Camara, CM Curtis, JE Krueger, S Fushman, D AF Castaneda, Carlos A. Chaturvedi, Apurva Camara, Christina M. Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan Fushman, David TI Linkage-specific conformational ensembles of non-canonical polyubiquitin chains SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION TENSOR; UBIQUITIN CHAINS; DI-UBIQUITIN; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; N-15 RELAXATION; NMR RELAXATION; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; DYNAMICS; REVEALS AB Polyubiquitination is a critical protein post-translational modification involved in a variety of processes in eukaryotic cells. The molecular basis for selective recognition of the polyubiquitin signals by cellular receptors is determined by the conformations polyubiquitin chains adopt; this has been demonstrated for K48- and K63-linked chains. Recent studies of the so-called non-canonical chains (linked via K6, K11, K27, K29, or K33) suggest they play important regulatory roles in growth, development, and immune system pathways, but biophysical studies are needed to elucidate the physical/structural basis of their interactions with receptors. A first step towards this goat is characterization of the conformations these chains adopt in solution. We assembled diubiquitins (Ub(2)) comprised of every lysine linkage. Using solution NMR measurements, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and in silico ensemble generation, we determined population-weighted conformational ensembles that shed light on the structure and dynamics of the non-canonical polyubiquitin chains. We found that polyubiquitin is conformationally heterogeneous, and each chain type exhibits unique conformational ensembles. For example, K6-Ub(2) and K11-Ub(2) (at physiological salt concentration) are in dynamic equilibrium between at least two conformers, where one exhibits a unique Ub/Ub interface, distinct from that observed in K48-Ub(2) but similar to crystal structures of these chains. Conformers for K29-Ub(2) and K33-Ub(2) resemble recent crystal structures in the ligand-bound state. Remarkably, a number of diubiquitins adopt conformers similar to K48-Ub(2) or K63-Ub(2), suggesting potential overlap of biological function among different lysine linkages. These studies highlight the potential power of determining function from elucidation of conformational states. C1 [Castaneda, Carlos A.; Chaturvedi, Apurva; Camara, Christina M.; Fushman, David] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Castaneda, CA; Fushman, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM cacastan@syr.edu; fushman@umd.edu FU NIH [GM065334]; NSF [DMR-0944772, CHE-1265821]; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1] FX This work was supported in part by a NSF postdoctoral award to C.A.C. and NIH R01 grant GM065334 to D.F., utilized neutron scattering facilities supported by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772, and benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. We thank Emma Dixon for assistance in assembly and purification of some Ub2 proteins, and Konstantin Berlin for helpful discussions regarding SES. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 8 BP 5771 EP 5788 DI 10.1039/c5cp04601g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DG3ET UT WOS:000371953000010 PM 26422168 ER PT J AU Johnson-Wilke, RL Wilke, RHT Yeager, CB Tinberg, DS Reaney, IM Levin, I Fong, DD Trolier-McKinstry, S AF Johnson-Wilke, R. L. Wilke, R. H. T. Yeager, C. B. Tinberg, D. S. Reaney, I. M. Levin, I. Fong, D. D. Trolier-McKinstry, S. TI Phase transitions and octahedral rotations in epitaxial Ag(TaxNb1-x)O-3 thin films under tensile strain (vol 117, 085309, 2015) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Wilke, R. H. T.; Yeager, C. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson-Wilke, R. L.; Wilke, R. H. T.; Yeager, C. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sir Robert Hadfield Bldg,Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fong, D. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson-Wilke, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Johnson-Wilke, RL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 8 AR 089901 DI 10.1063/1.4942820 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DF8IT UT WOS:000371601800064 ER PT J AU Hu, WW Hu, M Hu, W Jimenez, JL Yuan, B Chen, WT Wang, M Wu, YS Chen, C Wang, ZB Peng, JF Zeng, LM Shao, M AF Hu, Weiwei Hu, Min Hu, Wei Jimenez, Jose L. Yuan, Bin Chen, Wentai Wang, Ming Wu, Yusheng Chen, Chen Wang, Zhibin Peng, Jianfei Zeng, Limin Shao, Min TI Chemical composition, sources, and aging process of submicron aerosols in Beijing: Contrast between summer and winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE PM1 concentration; Beijing winter; summer; aerosol composition; secondary; primary OA; source apportionment ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; BIOMASS BURNING CONTRIBUTION; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; COAL COMBUSTION AB To investigate the seasonal characteristics of submicron aerosol (PM1) in Beijing urban areas, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol-mass-spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was utilized at an urban site in summer (August to September 2011) and winter (November to December 2010), coupled with multiple state of the art online instruments. The average mass concentrations of PM1 (60-84 mu gm(-3)) and its chemical compositions in different campaigns of Beijing were relatively consistent in recent years. In summer, the daily variations of PM1 mass concentrations were stable and repeatable. Eighty-two percent of the PM1 mass concentration on average was composed of secondary species, where 62% is secondary inorganic aerosol and 20% secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In winter, PM1 mass concentrations changed dramatically because of the different meteorological conditions. The high average fraction (58%) of primary species in PM1 including primary organic aerosol (POA), black carbon, and chloride indicates primary emissions usually played a more important role in the winter. However, aqueous chemistry resulting in efficient secondary formation during occasional periods with high relative humidity may also contribute substantially to haze in winter. Results of past OA source apportionment studies in Beijing show 45-67% of OA in summer and 22-50% of OA in winter can be composed of SOA. Based on the source apportionment results, we found 45% POA in winter and 61% POA in summer are from nonfossil sources, contributed by cooking OA in both seasons and biomass burning OA (BBOA) in winter. Cooking OA, accounting for 13-24% of OA, is an important nonfossil carbon source in all years of Beijing and should not be neglected. The fossil sources of POA include hydrocarbon-like OA from vehicle emissions in both seasons and coal combustion OA (CCOA) in winter. The CCOA and BBOA were the two main contributors (57% of OA) for the highest OA concentrations (>100 mu gm(-3)) in winter. The POA/CO ratios in winter and summer are 11 and 16 mu gm(-3)ppm(-1), respectively, similar to ratios from western cities. Higher OOA/O-x (=NO2+O-3) ratio (0.49 mu gm(-3)ppb(-1)) in winter study than these ratios from western cities (0.03-0.16 mu gm(-3)ppb(-1)) was observed, which may be due to the aqueous reaction or extra SOA formation contributed by semivolatile organic compounds from various primary sources (e.g., BBOA or CCOA) in Beijing. The evolution of oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) with photochemical age allows to estimate an equivalent rate constant for chemical aging of OA in summer as k(OH)similar to 4.1x10(-12)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1), which is of the same order as obtained in other anthropogenic influenced areas and may be useful for OA modeling. C1 [Hu, Weiwei; Hu, Min; Hu, Wei; Yuan, Bin; Chen, Wentai; Wang, Ming; Wu, Yusheng; Chen, Chen; Wang, Zhibin; Peng, Jianfei; Zeng, Limin; Shao, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Hu, Weiwei; Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Bin] Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Zhibin] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany. RP Hu, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM minhu@pku.edu.cn RI Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Peng, Jianfei/F-1438-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Wang, Zhibin/K-7365-2013; OI Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Hu, Wei/0000-0002-0416-1130 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05010500]; China Ministry of Science and Technology [2013CB228503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21190052, 91544214]; China Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Welfare [20130916]; NSF [AGS-1360834] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB05010500), National Basic Research Program, China Ministry of Science and Technology (2013CB228503), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21190052; 91544214), and the China Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Welfare (20130916). J.L.J. was supported by NSF AGS-1360834. The data presented in this study are available from the authors upon request (minhu@pku.edu.cn). NR 117 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 46 U2 84 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1955 EP 1977 DI 10.1002/2015JD024020 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7MK UT WOS:000372977900037 ER PT J AU Pollack, IB Homeyer, CR Ryerson, TB Aikin, KC Peischl, J Apel, EC Campos, T Flocke, F Hornbrook, RS Knapp, DJ Montzka, DD Weinheimer, AJ Riemer, D Diskin, G Sachse, G Mikoviny, T Wisthaler, A Bruning, E MacGorman, D Cummings, KA Pickering, KE Huntrieser, H Lichtenstern, M Schlager, H Barth, MC AF Pollack, I. B. Homeyer, C. R. Ryerson, T. B. Aikin, K. C. Peischl, J. Apel, E. C. Campos, T. Flocke, F. Hornbrook, R. S. Knapp, D. J. Montzka, D. D. Weinheimer, A. J. Riemer, D. Diskin, G. Sachse, G. Mikoviny, T. Wisthaler, A. Bruning, E. MacGorman, D. Cummings, K. A. Pickering, K. E. Huntrieser, H. Lichtenstern, M. Schlager, H. Barth, M. C. TI Airborne quantification of upper tropospheric NOx production from lightning in deep convective storms over the United States Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Lightning; nitrogen oxides; NOx production per flash; Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment; upper tropospheric chemistry ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TRANSPORT MODELS; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NEW-MEXICO; JULY 10; THUNDERSTORMS; SYSTEM; OZONE AB The reported range for global production of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) by lightning remains large (e.g., 32 to 664mol NOx flash(-1)), despite incorporating results from over 30 individual laboratory, theoretical, and field studies since the 1970s. Airborne and ground-based observations from the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment in May and June 2012 provide a new data set for calculating moles of NOx produced per lightning flash, P(NOx), in thunderstorms over the United States Great Plains. This analysis utilizes a combination of in situ observations of storm inflow and outflow from three instrumented aircraft, three-dimensional spatial information from ground-based radars and satellite observations, and spatial and temporal information for intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes from ground-based lightning mapping arrays. Evaluation of two analysis methods (e.g., a volume-based approach and a flux-based approach) for converting enhancements in lightning-produced NOx from volume-based mixing ratios to moles NOx flash(-1) suggests that both methods equally approximate P(NOx) for storms with elongated anvils, while the volume-based approach better approximates P(NOx) for storms with circular-shaped anvils. Results from the more robust volume-based approach for three storms sampled over Oklahoma and Colorado during DC3 suggest a range of 142 to 291 (average of 194) moles NOx flash(-1) (or 117-332mol NOx flash(-1) including uncertainties). Although not vastly different from the previously reported range for storms occurring in the Great Plains (e.g., 21-465mol NOx flash(-1)), results from this analysis of DC3 storms offer more constrained upper and lower limits for P(NOx) in this geographical region. C1 [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Homeyer, C. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryerson, T. B.; Aikin, K. C.; Peischl, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Aikin, K. C.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Apel, E. C.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Knapp, D. J.; Montzka, D. D.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Riemer, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Diskin, G.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sachse, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, A.] Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Bruning, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [MacGorman, D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cummings, K. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, K. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huntrieser, H.; Lichtenstern, M.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Pollack, IB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ipollack@rams.colostate.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); NASA [NNH12AT30I] FX The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). Archived field data can be accessed from http://data.eol.ucar.edu/ or http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs. NLDN data are collected by Vaisala, Inc. and archived at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center for NASA-related Earth Science research. Data provided by NCAR/EOL are supported by the National Science Foundation. Support for NOAA chemiluminescence-based measurements of O3, NO, NO2, and NOy aboard the NASA DC-8 during DC3 comes from NASA grant NNH12AT30I. Acetone/propanal measurements aboard the DC-8 during DC3 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation, and Technology (BMVIT) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). The authors acknowledge R.C. Cohen and B. Nault (University of California, Berkeley) for TD-LIF NO2 measurements aboard the DC-8 aircraft, O. Cooper (NOAA) for digested images from the GOES satellite, SPEC Inc. for cloud probe measurements aboard the DC-8, K. Froyd (NOAA) and M. Markovic (Environment Canada) for providing a visual-based cloud indicator for DC-8 flights, A. Minikin and D. Fuetterer (DLR) for providing cloud probe data from the Falcon aircraft, and J. Jensen and J. Stith (NCAR/EOL) for cloud data products from the G-V. The authors appreciate discussions with S.A. Rutledge, B. Fuchs, and B. Basarab (Colorado State University) and helpful comments on the manuscript from B.A. Ridley (NCAR-emeritus) and M. Trainer (NOAA). NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2002 EP 2028 DI 10.1002/2015JD023941 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7MK UT WOS:000372977900039 ER PT J AU Wolf, F Wan, Y Heip, JC Gebert, F Shi, CY Schmidt, PO AF Wolf, Fabian Wan, Yong Heip, Jan C. Gebert, Florian Shi, Chunyan Schmidt, Piet O. TI Non-destructive state detection for quantum logic spectroscopy of molecular ions SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COLD TRAPPED IONS; GROUND-STATE; GATE AB Precision laser spectroscopy(1) of cold and trapped molecular ions is a powerful tool in fundamental physics-used, for example, in determining fundamental constants(2), testing for their possible variation in the laboratory(3,4), and searching for a possible electric dipole moment of the electron(5). However, the absence of cycling transitions in molecules poses a challenge for direct laser cooling of the ions(6), and for controlling(7-11) and detecting their quantum states. Previously used state-detection techniques based on photodissociation(12) or chemical reactions(13) are destructive and therefore inefficient, restricting the achievable resolution in laser spectroscopy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate non-destructive detection of the quantum state of a single trapped molecular ion through its strong Coulomb coupling to a well controlled, co-trapped atomic ion. An algorithm based on a state-dependent optical dipole force(14) changes the internal state of the atom according to the internal state of the molecule. We show that individual quantum states in the molecular ion can be distinguished by the strength of their coupling to the optical dipole force. We also observe quantum jumps (induced by black-body radiation) between rotational states of a single molecular ion. Using the detuning dependence of the state-detection signal, we implement a variant of quantum logic spectroscopy(15,16) of a molecular resonance. Our state-detection technique is relevant to a wide range of molecular ions, and could be applied to state-controlled quantum chemistry(17) and to spectroscopic investigations of molecules that serve as probes for interstellar clouds(18,19). C1 [Wolf, Fabian; Wan, Yong; Heip, Jan C.; Gebert, Florian; Shi, Chunyan; Schmidt, Piet O.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Schmidt, Piet O.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Wan, Yong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.; Schmidt, PO (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM piet.schmidt@quantummetrology.de RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through QUEST; State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany; Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology; [SCHM2678/3-1] FX We acknowledge the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through QUEST and grant SCHM2678/3-1. This work was financially supported by the State of Lower-Saxony, Hannover, Germany. Y.W. acknowledges support from the Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology. We thank E. Tiemann, H. Knockel, O. Dulieu and I.D. Leroux for discussions; M. Drewsen and O. Dulieu for the transition-matrix elements for 24MgH+; and E. Tiemann, B. Hemmerling, and I.D. Leroux for reading the manuscript. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7591 BP 457 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16513 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5RW UT WOS:000370690800030 PM 26855427 ER PT J AU McKinley, GA Pilcher, DJ Fay, AR Lindsay, K Long, MC Lovenduski, NS AF McKinley, Galen A. Pilcher, Darren J. Fay, Amanda R. Lindsay, Keith Long, Matthew C. Lovenduski, Nicole S. TI Timescales for detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NATURAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; DIOXIDE; FLUXES; CMIP5; ATLANTIC; LEARN AB The ocean has absorbed 41 per cent of all anthropogenic carbon emitted as a result of fossil fuel burning and cement manufacture(1,2). The magnitude and the large-scale distribution of the ocean carbon sink is well quantified for recent decades(3,4). In contrast, temporal changes in the oceanic carbon sink remain poorly understood(5-7). It has proved difficult to distinguish between air-to-sea carbon flux trends that are due to anthropogenic climate change and those due to internal climate variability(5,6,8-13). Here we use a modelling approach that allows for this separation(14), revealing how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this century in different oceanic regions. Our findings suggest that, owing to large internal climate variability, it is unlikely that changes in the rate of anthropogenic carbon uptake can be directly observed in most oceanic regions at present, but that this may become possible between 2020 and 2050 in some regions. C1 [McKinley, Galen A.; Pilcher, Darren J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [McKinley, Galen A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [McKinley, Galen A.; Fay, Amanda R.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Pilcher, Darren J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lindsay, Keith; Long, Matthew C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lovenduski, Nicole S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lovenduski, Nicole S.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.; McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA.; McKinley, GA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. EM gamckinley@wisc.edu RI Lovenduski, Nicole/A-6226-2011; Long, Matthew/H-4632-2016 OI Lovenduski, Nicole/0000-0001-5893-1009; Long, Matthew/0000-0003-1273-2957 FU National Science Foundation; NSF; NCAR's Advanced Study Program; NASA [NNX11AF53G, NNX13AC53G]; NSF [OCE-1155240]; NOAA [NA12OAR4310058] FX The National Science Foundation sponsors National Center for Atmospheric Research, where the Community Earth System Model is developed. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the NSF and other agencies. NCAR's Advanced Study Program sponsored D.J.P., K.L., M.C.L. and G.A.M. to initiate this analysis. We also thank NASA for funding (grants NNX11AF53G and NNX13AC53G to G.A.M., D.J.P., A.R.F. and N.S.L.). N.S.L. also thanks the NSF (grant OCE-1155240) and NOAA (grant NA12OAR4310058). NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 18 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7591 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1038/nature16958 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5RW UT WOS:000370690800033 PM 26911782 ER PT J AU McJimpsey, EL AF McJimpsey, Erica L. TI Molecular Form Differences Between Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Standards Create Quantitative Discordances in PSA ELISA Measurements SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CANCER DETECTION; ASSAYS; SERUM; ESTABLISHMENT; PURIFICATION; HYPERPLASIA; CALIBRATION; PROTEINS; COMPLEX; NG/ML AB The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assays currently employed for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) lack the specificity needed to differentiate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and have high false positive rates. The PSA calibrants used to create calibration curves in these assays are typically purified from seminal plasma and contain many molecular forms (intact PSA and cleaved subforms). The purpose of this study was to determine if the composition of the PSA molecular forms found in these PSA standards contribute to the lack of PSA test reliability. To this end, seminal plasma purified PSA standards from different commercial sources were investigated by western blot (WB) and in multiple research grade PSA ELISAs. The WB results revealed that all of the PSA standards contained different mass concentrations of intact and cleaved molecular forms. Increased mass concentrations of intact PSA yielded higher immunoassay absorbance values, even between lots from the same manufacturer. Standardization of seminal plasma derived PSA calibrant molecular form mass concentrations and purification methods will assist in closing the gaps in PCa testing measurements that require the use of PSA values, such as the % free PSA and Prostate Health Index by increasing the accuracy of the calibration curves. C1 [McJimpsey, Erica L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [McJimpsey, Erica L.] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. RP McJimpsey, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.; McJimpsey, EL (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. EM EL-McJimpsey@wiu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The author gratefully acknowledges funding and support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 22050 DI 10.1038/srep22050 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE7FA UT WOS:000370799500001 PM 26911983 ER PT J AU Mirri, F Orloff, ND Forster, AM Ashkar, R Headrick, RJ Bengio, EA Long, CJ Choi, A Luo, YM Walker, ARH Butler, P Migler, KB Pasquali, M AF Mirri, Francesca Orloff, Nathan D. Forster, Aaron M. Ashkar, Rana Headrick, Robert J. Bengio, E. Amram Long, Christian J. Choi, April Luo, Yimin Walker, Angela R. Hight Butler, Paul Migler, Kalman B. Pasquali, Matteo TI Lightweight, Flexible, High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Cables Made by Scalable Flow Coating SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; coaxial cables; dip-coating; attenuation; rheology ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FILMS; NETWORKS; SHEAR; CALIBRATION; CONDUCTORS; RHEOLOGY; LIQUID AB Coaxial cables for data transmission are ubiquitous in telecommunications, aerospace, automotive, and robotics industries. Yet, the metals used to make commercial cables are unsuitably heavy and stiff. These undesirable traits are particularly problematic in aerospace applications, where weight is at a premium and flexibility is necessary to conform with the distributed layout of electronic components in satellites and aircraft. The cable outer conductor (OC) is usually the heaviest component of modern data cables; therefore, exchanging the conventional metallic OC for lower weight materials with comparable transmission characteristics is highly desirable. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been proposed to replace the metal components in coaxial cables; however, signal attenuation was too high in prototypes produced so far. Here, we fabricate the OC of coaxial data cables by directly coating a solution of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) onto the cable inner dielectric. This coating has an electrical conductivity that is approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best CNT OC reported in the literature to date. This high conductivity makes CNT coaxial cables an attractive alternative to commercial cables with a metal (tin-coated copper) OC, providing comparable cable attenuation and mechanical durability with a 97% lower component mass. C1 [Mirri, Francesca; Bengio, E. Amram; Choi, April; Luo, Yimin; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Mirri, Francesca; Headrick, Robert J.; Bengio, E. Amram; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana; Butler, Paul] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Headrick, Robert J.; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Long, Christian J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Pasquali, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM mp@rice.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Ashkar, Rana/0000-0003-4075-2330 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0035, FA9550-09-01-0370]; Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) [FA8650-07-2-5061]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1668]; Rice University [70NANB12H188]; NIST [70NANB12H188, 70NANB10H193]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Service Life of Nanoenabled Structural Polymer Composites [7314003.000]; NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship [NSTRF14, NNX14AL71H]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We acknowledge discussions pertaining to high-frequency measurement and modeling with J. C. Booth and R. McMichael at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We thank J. Obrzut for providing the network analyzer, G. Cheng for helpful discussions on Raman spectroscopy, and A. L. Forster for helping in performing the cable mechanical tests. Research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grants FA9550-12-1-0035, FA9550-09-01-0370, Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) agreement FA8650-07-2-5061, the Robert A. Welch Foundation (C-1668) (for F.M., M.P., A.C., Y.L., E.A.B.); a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the Rice University and NIST grant 70NANB12H188 (for N.D.O., F.M. K.M., A.R.H.W.), a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and NIST grant 70NANB10H193 (for C.J.L.). The mechanical testing of the cable was funded through the Service Life of Nanoenabled Structural Polymer Composites (#7314003.000) (for A.M.F). R.J.H. was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship (NSTRF14), grant number NNX14AL71H. Some of the measurements were conducted at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, a user facility at NIST. This work utilized NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0944772 (for R.A. and P.B.). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 24 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 7 BP 4903 EP 4910 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11600 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF1NF UT WOS:000371105800073 PM 26791337 ER PT J AU Gygi, D Bloch, ED Mason, JA Hudson, MR Gonzalez, MI Siegelman, RL Darwish, TA Queen, WL Brown, CM Long, JR AF Gygi, David Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Hudson, Matthew R. Gonzalez, Miguel I. Siegelman, Rebecca L. Darwish, Tamim A. Queen, Wendy L. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen Storage in the Expanded Pore Metal-Organic Frameworks M-2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; HYDROCARBON SEPARATIONS; GAS-ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; BINDING; MOF-5; CAPACITY AB The hydrogen storage properties of a new family of isostructural metal organic frameworks are reported. The frameworks M-2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) are analogous to the widely studied M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) family of materials, featuring the same weak-field oxo-based ligand environment for the M2+ metal centers, but with a larger pore volume resulting from the extended length of the dobpdc(4-) linker. Hydrogen gas adsorption isotherms measured at 77 and 87 K indicate strong H-2 binding at low pressures, corresponding to the adsorption of one molecule per M2+ site. Isosteric heats of adsorption indicate adsorption enthalpies ranging from -8.8 to -12.0 kJ/mol, with the trend Zn < Mn < Fe < Mg < Co < Ni. Room-temperature high-pressure adsorption isotherms indicate enhanced gravimetric uptakes compared to the M-2(dobdc) analogues, a result of the higher surface areas and pore volumes of the expanded frameworks. Indeed, powder neutron diffraction experiments performed on Fe-2(dobpdc) reveal two additional secondary H2 adsorption sites not observed for the nonexpanded framework. While displaying higher gravimetric capacities than their nonexpanded counterparts, the larger pore volumes result in lower volumetric capacities. Upon comparison with other promising frameworks for hydrogen storage, it becomes evident that in order to design future materials for on-board hydrogen storage, care must be placed in achieving both a high surface area and a high volumetric density of exposed metal cation sites in order to maximize gravimetric and volumetric capacities simultaneously. C1 [Gygi, David; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Siegelman, Rebecca L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gygi, David; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Siegelman, Rebecca L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Darwish, Tamim A.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Natl Deuterat Facil, Lucas Heights, Australia. [Queen, Wendy L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Valais Wallis EPFL, Dept Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office; DoE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Arkema; NIST/NRC Fellowship program; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research at Berkeley and NIST was supported through the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were performed at beamline 11.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source, a DoE Office of Science User Facility operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Deuteration procedures were performed at the National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Inelastic Neutron Scattering experiments were performed at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council. We thank Gerald K. Branch and Arkema for fellowship support of E.D.B., the NIST/NRC Fellowship program for support of M.R.H., the National Science Foundation for fellowship support of J.A.M. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 61 U2 194 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1138 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b0453B PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DE9VK UT WOS:000370987300017 ER PT J AU Gopman, DB Lau, JW Mohanchandra, KP Wetzlar, K Carman, GP AF Gopman, D. B. Lau, J. W. Mohanchandra, K. P. Wetzlar, K. Carman, G. P. TI Determination of the exchange constant of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITED TBDYFE FILMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD CONTROL; SPIN-WAVE RESONANCE; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; TERFENOL-D; ANISOTROPY; STRESS AB We present measurements of the exchange stiffness D and the exchange constant A of a sputtered 80 nm Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 film. Using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance setup in a wide frequency range from 10 to 50 GHz, multiple perpendicular standing spin-wave resonances were observed with the external static magnetic field applied in-plane. The field corresponding to the strongest resonance peak at each frequency is used to determine the effective magnetization, the g factor, and the Gilbert damping. Furthermore, the dependence of spin-wave mode on field position is observed for several frequencies. The analysis of spin-wave resonance spectra at multiple frequencies allows precise determination of the exchange stiffness D = (2.79 +/- 0.02) x 10(-17) Tm-2 for an 80 nm thick film. From this value, we calculated the exchange constant A = (9.1 +/- 0.1) pJ m(-1). C1 [Gopman, D. B.; Lau, J. W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohanchandra, K. P.; Wetzlar, K.; Carman, G. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gopman, DB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.gopman@nist.gov FU UCLA by the NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems (TANMS) [EEC-1160504]; FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - DARPA FX This research was supported at UCLA by the NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems (TANMS) Cooperative Agreement (Award No. EEC-1160504) and FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. Additionally, we acknowledge the support of the California Nano-Systems Institute for the utilization of their Molecular Instrumentation Center and Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 064425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.064425 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DE7DC UT WOS:000370793400004 ER PT J AU Grutter, AJ Gilbert, DA Alaan, US Arenholz, E Maranville, BB Borchers, JA Suzuki, Y Liu, K Kirby, BJ AF Grutter, A. J. Gilbert, D. A. Alaan, U. S. Arenholz, E. Maranville, B. B. Borchers, J. A. Suzuki, Y. Liu, Kai Kirby, B. J. TI Reversible control of magnetism in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 through chemically-induced oxygen migration SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALENCE; OXIDES; STATES; STOICHIOMETRY; MN AB We demonstrate reversible control of magnetization and anisotropy in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films through interfacial oxygen migration. Gd metal capping layers deposited onto La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 leach oxygen from the film through a solid-state redox reaction to form porous Gd2O3. X-ray absorption and polarized neutron reflectometry measurements show Mn valence alterations consistent with high oxygen vacancy concentrations, resulting in suppressed magnetization and increased coercive fields. Effects of the oxygen migration are observed both at the interface and also throughout the majority of a 40 nm thick film, suggesting extensive diffusion of oxygen vacancies. After Gd-capped La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 is exposed to atmospheric oxygen for a prolonged period of time, oxygen diffuses through the Gd2O3 layer and the magnetization of the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 returns to the uncapped value. These findings showcase perovskite heterostructures as ideal candidates for developing functional interfaces through chemically-induced oxygen migration. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Grutter, A. J.; Gilbert, D. A.; Maranville, B. B.; Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alaan, U. S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Alaan, U. S.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Grutter, AJ; Gilbert, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.grutter@nist.gov; dustin.gilbert@nist.gov RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883; Maranville, Brian/0000-0002-6105-8789; Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399 FU NRC Research Associateship Program; Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0611]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1402685, DMR-1543582]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX A.J.G and D.A.G. acknowledge support from the NRC Research Associateship Program. U.S.A. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0611). Y.S. and K.L. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1402685 and DMR-1543582, respectively). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 26 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 8 AR 082405 DI 10.1063/1.4942645 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PO UT WOS:000373057000029 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Simonds, B Nomoto, K Veettil, BP Lin, ZY Wurfl, IP Conibeer, G AF Zhang, Tian Simonds, Brian Nomoto, Keita Veettil, Binesh Puthen Lin, Ziyun Wurfl, Ivan Perez Conibeer, Gavin TI Pulsed KrF excimer laser dopant activation in nanocrystal silicon in a silicon dioxide matrix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; PHOSPHORUS; BORON; SIO2 AB We demonstrate that a pulsed KrF excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm, tau = 22 ns) can be used as a post-furnace annealing method to greatly increase the electrically active doping concentration in nanocrystal silicon (ncSi) embedded in SiO2. The application of a single laser pulse of 202 mJ/cm(2) improves the electrically active doping concentration by more than one order of magnitude while also improving the conductivity. It is confirmed that there is no film ablation or significant change in ncSi structure by atomic force microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We propose that the increase in free-carrier concentration is the result of interstitial P/B dopant activation, which are initially inside the Si crystallites. Evidence of mobility limited carrier transport and degenerate doping in the ncSi are measured with temperature-dependent conductivity. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhang, Tian; Nomoto, Keita; Veettil, Binesh Puthen; Lin, Ziyun; Wurfl, Ivan Perez; Conibeer, Gavin] UNSW Australia, Australian Ctr Adv Photovolta, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. [Simonds, Brian] NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), UNSW Australia, Australian Ctr Adv Photovolta, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.; Simonds, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tianz@student.unsw.edu.au; brian.simonds@nist.gov OI Zhang, Tian/0000-0001-5310-0919 FU Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) FX This Program has been supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). Responsibility for the views, information or advice expressed herein is not accepted by the Australian Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 8 AR 083103 DI 10.1063/1.4942466 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PO UT WOS:000373057000039 ER PT J AU Kleisner, KM Fogarty, MJ McGee, S Barnette, A Fratantoni, P Greene, J Hare, JA Luceyl, SM McGuire, C Odell, J Saba, VS Smith, L Weaver, KJ Pinsky, ML AF Kleisner, Kristin M. Fogarty, Michael J. McGee, Sally Barnette, Analie Fratantoni, Paula Greene, Jennifer Hare, Jonathan A. Luceyl, Sean M. McGuire, Christopher Odell, Jay Saba, Vincent S. Smith, Laurel Weaver, Katherine J. Pinsky, Malin L. TI The Effects of Sub-Regional Climate Velocity on the Distribution and Spatial Extent of Marine Species Assemblages SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RANGE SHIFTS; PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE; CLUSTER VALIDATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TEMPERATURE; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Many studies illustrate variable patterns in individual species distribution shifts in response to changing temperature. However, an assemblage, a group of species that shares a common environmental niche, will likely exhibit similar responses to climate changes, and these community-level responses may have significant implications for ecosystem function. Therefore, we examine the relationship between observed shifts of species in assemblages and regional climate velocity (i.e., the rate and direction of change of temperature isotherms). The assemblages are defined in two sub-regions of the U.S. Northeast Shelf that have heterogeneous oceanography and bathymetry using four decades of bottom trawl survey data and we explore temporal changes in distribution, spatial range extent, thermal habitat area, and biomass, within assemblages. These sub-regional analyses allow the dissection of the relative roles of regional climate velocity and local physiography in shaping observed distribution shifts. We find that assemblages of species associated with shallower, warmer waters tend to shift west-southwest and to shallower waters over time, possibly towards cooler temperatures in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine, while species assemblages associated with relatively cooler and deeper waters shift deeper, but with little latitudinal change. Conversely, species assemblages associated with warmer and shallower water on the broad, shallow continental shelf from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank shift strongly northeast along latitudinal gradients with little change in depth. Shifts in depth among the southern species associated with deeper and cooler waters are more variable, although predominantly shifts are toward deeper waters. In addition, spatial expansion and contraction of species assemblages in each region corresponds to the area of suitable thermal habitat, but is inversely related to assemblage biomass. This suggests that assemblage distribution shifts in conjunction with expansion or contraction of thermal habitat acts to compress or stretch marine species assemblages, which may respectively amplify or dilute species interactions to an extent that is rarely considered. Overall, regional differences in climate change effects on the movement and extent of species assemblages hold important implications for management, mitigation, and adaptation on the U.S. Northeast Shelf. C1 [Kleisner, Kristin M.; Fogarty, Michael J.; Fratantoni, Paula; Luceyl, Sean M.; Smith, Laurel] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [McGee, Sally; Barnette, Analie; Greene, Jennifer; McGuire, Christopher; Odell, Jay; Weaver, Katherine J.] Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pinsky, Malin L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Kleisner, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM kristin.kleisner@noaa.gov OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX Funding for this joint partnership project between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northeast Fisheries Science Center and The Nature Conservancy comes from a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (https://www.moore.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0149220 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0149220 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF3VL UT WOS:000371276100047 PM 26901435 ER PT J AU Serrano, XM Baums, IB Smith, TB Jones, RJ Shearer, TL Baker, AC AF Serrano, Xaymara M. Baums, Iliana B. Smith, Tyler B. Jones, Ross J. Shearer, Tonya L. Baker, Andrew C. TI Long distance dispersal and vertical gene flow in the Caribbean brooding coral Porites astreoides SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALGAL SYMBIOSIS; REEF CORALS; INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS; DIVERSITY; SYMBIODINIUM; CONNECTIVITY; PROGRAM; ECOLOGY; PACIFIC AB To date, most assessments of coral connectivity have emphasized long-distance horizontal dispersal of propagules from one shallow reef to another. The extent of vertical connectivity, however, remains largely understudied. Here, we used newly-developed and existing DNA microsatellite loci for the brooding coral Porites astreoides to assess patterns of horizontal and vertical connectivity in 590 colonies collected from three depth zones (<= 10 m, 15-20 m and >= 25 m) at sites in Florida, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). We also tested whether maternal transmission of algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) might limit effective vertical connectivity. Overall, shallow P. astreoides exhibited high gene flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flow between these locations and Bermuda. In contrast, there was significant genetic differentiation by depth in Florida (Upper Keys, Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas), but not in Bermuda or USVI, despite strong patterns of depth zonation in algal symbionts at two of these locations. Together, these findings suggest that P. astreoides is effective at dispersing both horizontally and vertically despite its brooding reproductive mode and maternal transmission of algal symbionts. In addition, these findings might help explain the ecological success reported for P. astreoides in the Caribbean in recent decades. C1 [Serrano, Xaymara M.; Baker, Andrew C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Ecol, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smith, Tyler B.] Univ Virgin Islands, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Jones, Ross J.] UWA Oceans Inst, Australian Inst Marine Sci, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Shearer, Tonya L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, 310 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Serrano, Xaymara M.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serrano, XM (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xserrano@rsmas.miami.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; Serrano, Xaymara/A-4660-2017; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; Serrano, Xaymara/0000-0002-8789-9818; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149 FU MOTE; NOAA's Center [NA11NOS4780045]; McKnight Doctoral Fellowship; BIOS; Alumni Award; RSMAS; NOAA's LMRCSC FX The authors thank M. Durante, N. Polato, D. Ruiz and C. Vera for help with the 454 sequencing data and K. Felheim for early assistance with the microsatellite loci development. M. Moon, N. Kurata, H. Wirshing, P. Jones, R. Cunning, R. Silverstein, R. Winter and A. Palacio helped in the laboratory. Field assistance was provided by R. Gomez, D. Lirman, T. Thyberg, S. Manley, S. Grey, J. Calnan and the crew at BIOS (C. Eddy, T. Noyes and A. Chequer). Sampling in the Lower Keys and Dry Tortugas was completed with the help of D. Swanson and the International SeaKeepers Society (D. Klevan, B. Stockman, J. Jacoby and the crew of Miss Phebe II). Finally, the authors would like to thank PSU's Genomics Core Facility for the 454 sequencing, and UM's Molecular Core Facility and Cornell's Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center for the genotyping and sequencing. Samples from the Florida Keys were collected under research permits FKNMS-2002-011, FKNMS-2010-030A1, FKNMS-2011-087, SAL-11-1182-SRP, and DRTO-2012-SCI-0009. Samples from the USVI were collected under permits F/SER28:BT and STT-021-10. Samples from Bermuda were collected and exported under permits SP09060 and CITES 09BM0021. This research was supported with funds from MOTE (Protect Our Reefs grants 2009-2012) and NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award NA11NOS4780045 to the University of Miami. X. Serrano was supported by a McKnight Doctoral Fellowship, a BIOS Grant in Aid (2009), an Alumni Award and small boat funding from RSMAS, and funding from NOAA's LMRCSC. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21619 DI 10.1038/srep21619 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE3CX UT WOS:000370505500001 PM 26899614 ER PT J AU Audus, DJ Starr, FW Douglas, JF AF Audus, Debra J. Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. TI Coupling of isotropic and directional interactions and its effect on phase separation and self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT-NEIGHBOR MODEL; CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; LONG-RANGE FORCES; THERMOREVERSIBLE GELATION; LATTICE MODEL; EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ATTRACTIVE FORCES; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS AB The interactions of molecules and particles in solution often involve an interplay between isotropic and highly directional interactions that lead to a mutual coupling of phase separation and self-assembly. This situation arises, for example, in proteins interacting through hydrophobic and charged patch regions on their surface and in nanoparticles with grafted polymer chains, such as DNA. As a minimal model of complex fluids exhibiting this interaction coupling, we investigate spherical particles having an isotropic interaction and a constellation of five attractive patches on the particle's surface. Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field calculations of the phase boundaries of this model depend strongly on the relative strength of the isotropic and patch potentials, where we surprisingly find that analytic mean-field predictions become increasingly accurate as the directional interactions become increasingly predominant. We quantitatively account for this effect by noting that the effective interaction range increases with increasing relative directional to isotropic interaction strength. We also identify thermodynamic transition lines associated with self-assembly, extract the entropy and energy of association, and characterize the resulting cluster properties obtained from simulations using percolation scaling theory and Flory-Stockmayer mean-field theory. We find that the fractal dimension and cluster size distribution are consistent with those of lattice animals, i.e., randomly branched polymers swollen by excluded volume interactions. We also identify a universal functional form for the average molecular weight and a nearly universal functional form for a scaling parameter characterizing the cluster size distribution. Since the formation of branched clusters at equilibrium is a common phenomenon in nature, we detail how our analysis can be used in experimental characterization of such associating fluids. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Audus, Debra J.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Audus, DJ; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM debra.audus@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU NRC; NIST [70NANB15H282] FX D.J.A. thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for their generous support, and F.W.S. acknowledges support from NIST Award No. 70NANB15H282. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 7 AR 074901 DI 10.1063/1.4941454 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL7CM UT WOS:000375797200028 PM 26896996 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Agarwal, J Allen, WD Nesbitt, DJ AF Chang, Chih-Hsuan Agarwal, Jay Allen, Wesley D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy and formation dynamics of triacetylene in a slit supersonic expansion SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR GAS REACTIONS; MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL-STATES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; BAND INTENSITIES; HAZE FORMATION; CM(-1) REGION AB Infrared spectroscopy and formation dynamics of triacetylene are investigated in a slit jet supersonic discharge and probed with sub-Doppler resolution (approximate to 60 MHz) on the fundamental antisymmetric CH stretch mode (nu(5)). The triacetylene is generated in the throat of the discharge by sequential attack of ethynyl radical with acetyelene and diacetylene: (i) HCCH -> HCC + H, (ii) HCC + HCCH -> HCCCCH + H, (iii) HCC + HCCCCH -> HCCCCCCH + H, cooled rapidly in the slit expansion to 15 K, and probed by near shot-noise-limited absorption sensitivity with a tunable difference-frequency infrared laser. The combination of jet cooled temperatures (T-rot = 15 K) and low spectral congestion permits (i) analysis of rotationally avoided crossings in the nu(5) band ascribed to Coriolis interactions, as well as (ii) first detection of nu(5) Pi-Pi hot band progressions built on the nu(12) sym CC bend and definitively assigned via state-of-the-art ab initio vibration-rotation interaction parameters (alpha(i)), which make for interesting comparison with recent spectroscopic studies of Doney et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 316, 54 (2015)]. The combined data provide direct evidence for significantly non-equilibrium populations in the CC bending manifold, dynamically consistent with a strongly bent radical intermediate and transition states for forming triacetylene product. The presence of intense triacetylene signals under cold, low density slit jet conditions provides support for (i) barrierless addition of HCC with HCCCCH and (ii) a high quantum yield for HCCCCCCH formation. Complete basis set calculations for energetics [CCSD(T)-f12/VnZ-f12, n = 2,3] and frequencies [ CCSD(T)-f12/VdZ-f12] are presented for both radical intermediate and transition state species, predicting collision stabilization in the slit jet expansion to be competitive with unimolecular decomposition with increasing polyyne chain length. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chang, Chih-Hsuan] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agarwal, Jay; Allen, Wesley D.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Allen, Wesley/C-9867-2010; Agarwal, Jay/D-2366-2014 OI Allen, Wesley/0000-0002-4288-2297; FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; National Science Foundation [CHE1266416, PHYS1125844] FX This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial funds for construction of the slit-jet laser spectrometer provided by the National Science Foundation (Nos. CHE1266416 and PHYS1125844). The high level ab initio computations by J.A. and W.D.A. at the University of Georgia of vibration-rotation interaction parameters for triacetylene were supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-FG02-97-ER14748). D.J.N. wishes to acknowledge the generous intellectual assistance of Professor Kirk Peterson in implementing the CCSD(T)-f12 calculations. We would also like to acknowledge valuable interactions with the Linnartz group in developing a more comprehensive understanding of the jet cooled polyyne spectroscopy. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 7 AR 074301 DI 10.1063/1.4940905 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL7CM UT WOS:000375797200012 PM 26896980 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Getchis, TL Chadwick, CB Rose, C Rose, JM AF Bricker, Suzanne B. Getchis, Tessa L. Chadwick, Cary B. Rose, Corim. Rose, Julie M. TI Integration of ecosystem-based models into an existing interactive web-based tool for improved aquaculture decision-making SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Shellfish; Aquaculture; GIS; Decision support tool ID DATA-POOR ENVIRONMENTS; SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE; CARRYING-CAPACITY; SITE SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; CULTURE; ESTUARY; GIS; INDICATORS; SOUND AB Proper site selection is critical to the development and expansion of marine aquaculture. Major considerations for site selection include: potential for competing uses, environmental interactions, and animal productivity. Two types of existing site selection tools, mapping and modeling, have proven useful independently, and in some recent studies have proven useful when used together. GIS-based mapping tools have become important in the decision-making process. These tools provide access to marine and coastal datasets allowing farmers and extension agents to gather information on availability of cultivation sites. They are also used by resource managers to assess potential use conflicts (e.g. existence of commercial fishing, mooring areas, fixed fishing gear) and possible environmental interactions (e.g. presence of seagrasses, contaminants, threatened or endangered species). Models have been used separately to predict animal growth, farm productivity, and farm-related effects on the surrounding water and sediment quality. The integration of the Farm Aquaculture Resource Management (FARM) model (http://www.farmscale.org) into the U.S. state of Connecticut's Aquaculture Mapping Atlas (http://seagrant.uconn.edu/whatwedo/aquaculture/shellmap.php) was tested in three geographically distinct waterbodies within Connecticut (CT) waters of Long Island Sound. Nearshore waters within the towns of Mystic, Milford, and Westport were selected as pilot locations to determine usability and capability of the combined tools. Data from two long-term offshore sampling stations adjacent to existing shellfish leases were used to test spatial and temporal sampling variability impacts on model results. Partnerships with local monitoring programs and growers were important for acquisition of water quality data, oyster measurement data, and information about local culture practices. All sites were deemed suitable for oyster aquaculture based on model results that predicted Moderate to High growth based on estimated time to reach harvest size from one in (2.54 cm) seed oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Time to harvest varied from 282 days (High growth) to 645 days (Moderate growth) among the 22 stations in the three nearshore sites, and 724-956 days (Moderate growth) at the two offshore sites. Results from the two long-term offshore stations indicate that data from the same year must be used when comparing production-based suitability of sites. Addition of potential production estimates improved the ability to select between suitable mapping-based sites. This mapping and modeling combination should be encouraged to provide a strong basis for successful siting and expansion of aquaculture while minimizing user conflict and adverse environmental interactions. This approach may be particularly useful in waterbodies where shellfish aquaculture is possible but is not well established. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bricker, Suzanne B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Getchis, Tessa L.] Univ Connecticut, UConn Extens, Connecticut Sea Grant, Groton, CT USA. [Chadwick, Cary B.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Land Use Educ & Res, Haddam, CT USA. [Rose, Corim.] US Army, Corps Engnineers, Concord, MA USA. [Rose, Julie M.] NOAA, Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr Milford Lab, Milford, CT USA. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Sci, 1305 East West Highway,Floor 9, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquaculture Program Call for Internal Proposals [NS-COAST-001-Bricker] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Aquaculture Program 2012 Call for Internal Proposals for funding this research under Project NS-COAST-001-Bricker. We wish to thank: Sally Cogan and Claire Gavin of Clean Up Sound and Harbors (CUSH) for the samples from Mystic River stations, Dick Harris, Nikki Cantatore, and Josh Cooper with HarborWatch for the Westport/Mill Pond samples, Bob Alix and Werner Schreiner for the help in collecting the Milford samples, Karen Rivara, Aeros Cultured Oyster Co., for measuring and weighing seed oysters, S. Plant, CT Cultured Oysters, for providing oysters for additional measurement/weight determinations, and Kristen DeRosia Banick, Connecticut Bureau of Aquaculture, for the information about typical oyster aquaculture practices. We also thank Ramon Filgueira and three anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews, comments, and suggestions which have vastly improved our manuscript. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 20 PY 2016 VL 453 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.036 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CZ0OC UT WOS:000366803800018 ER PT J AU Alagic, G Jarret, M Jordan, SP AF Alagic, Gorjan Jarret, Michael Jordan, Stephen P. TI Yang-Baxter operators need quantum entanglement to distinguish knots SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article DE link invariants; quantum entanglement; knot theory ID EQUATION; INVARIANTS; LINKS AB Any solution to the Yang-Baxter equation yields a family of representations of braid groups. Under certain conditions, identified by (Turaev 1988 Inventiones Math. 92 527-53), the appropriately normalized trace of these representations yields a link invariant. Any Yang-Baxter solution can be interpreted as a two-qudit quantum gate. Here we show that if this gate is non-entangling, then the resulting invariant of knots is trivial. We thus obtain a connection between topological entanglement and quantum entanglement. C1 [Alagic, Gorjan] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Math Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jarret, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jarret, Michael; Jordan, Stephen P.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.jordan@nist.gov OI Alagic, Gorjan/0000-0002-0107-6037; Jarret, Michael/0000-0003-4061-3509 FU Sapere Aude grant of the Danish Council for Independent Research; ERC Starting Grant 'QMULT'; CHIST-ERA project 'CQC'; Booz Allen Hamilton quantum information graduate fellowship FX Gorjan Alagic was supported by a Sapere Aude grant of the Danish Council for Independent Research, the ERC Starting Grant 'QMULT' and the CHIST-ERA project 'CQC'. Michael Janet was supported in part by the Booz Allen Hamilton quantum information graduate fellowship. Portions of this paper are a contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and are not subject to US copyright. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD FEB 19 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 7 AR 075203 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/49/7/075203 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DB9SH UT WOS:000368856600004 ER PT J AU Hofer, SG Lehnert, KW Hammerer, K AF Hofer, Sebastian G. Lehnert, Konrad W. Hammerer, Klemens TI Proposal to Test Bell's Inequality in Electromechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; SINGLE-PHOTON; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MICROWAVE FIELDS; NONLOCALITY; MOTION; ELIMINATION; RESONATOR; SYSTEMS; NOISE AB Optomechanical and electromechanical systems offer an effective platform to test quantum theory and its predictions at macroscopic scales. To date, all experiments presuppose the validity of quantum mechanics, but could in principle be described by a hypothetical local statistical theory. Here we suggest a Bell test using the electromechanical Einstein-Podolski-Rosen entangled state recently generated by Palomaki et al., Science 342, 710 (2013), which would rule out any local and realistic explanation of the measured data without assuming the validity of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales. It additionally provides a device-independent way to verify electromechanical entanglement. The parameter regime required for our scheme has been demonstrated or is within reach of current experiments. C1 [Hofer, Sebastian G.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Hofer, Sebastian G.; Hammerer, Klemens] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Albert Einstein Inst, Inst Gravitat Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hofer, SG (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.; Hofer, SG (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Albert Einstein Inst, Inst Gravitat Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Hammerer, Klemens/C-3538-2008 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Hammerer, Klemens/0000-0002-7179-0666 FU European Commission; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [F40, W1210]; Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [ICT12049]; Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX S. G. H. thanks Joshua A. Slater for useful comments on the manuscript and Marissa Giustina for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support by the European Commission (SIQS, iQOEMS, ITN cQOM), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project No. [F40] (SFB FOQUS), the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) under Project No. ICT12049, the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. S. G. H. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project No. [W1210] (CoQuS). NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 7 AR 070406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.070406 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DE4ST UT WOS:000370621200004 PM 26943516 ER PT J AU Ellis, JL Hickstein, DD Xiong, W Dollar, F Palm, BB Keister, KE Dorney, KM Ding, CY Fan, TT Wilker, MB Schnitzenbaumer, KJ Dukovic, G Jimenez, JL Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Ellis, Jennifer L. Hickstein, Daniel D. Xiong, Wei Dollar, Franklin Palm, Brett B. Keister, K. Ellen Dorney, Kevin M. Ding, Chengyuan Fan, Tingting Wilker, Molly B. Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J. Dukovic, Gordana Jimenez, Jose L. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Materials Properties and Solvated Electron Dynamics of Isolated Nanoparticles and Nanodroplets Probed with Ultrafast Extreme Ultraviolet Beams SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BINDING-ENERGIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LIQUID-AMMONIA; HIGH HARMONICS; QUANTUM DOTS; GENERATION; WATER AB We present ultrafast photoemission measurements of isolated nano particles in vacuum using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light produced through high harmonic generation. Surface-selective static EUV photoemission measurements were performed on nanoparticles with a wide array of compositions, ranging from ionic crystals to nanodroplets of organic material. We find that the total photoelectron yield varies greatly with nanoparticle composition and provides insight into material properties such as the electron mean free path and effective mass. Additionally, we conduct time-resolved photoelectron yield measurements of isolated oleylamine nanodroplets, observing that EUV photons can create solvated electrons in liquid nanodroplets. Using photoemission from a time-delayed 790 nm pulse, we observe that a solvated electron is produced in an excited state and subsequently relaxes to its ground state with a lifetime of 151 +/- 31 fs. This work demonstrates that femotosecond EUV photoemission is a versatile surface sensitive probe of the properties and ultrafast dynamics of isolated nanoparticles. C1 [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Xiong, Wei; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ding, Chengyuan; Fan, Tingting; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ellis, Jennifer L.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Dorney, Kevin M.; Ding, Chengyuan; Fan, Tingting; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xiong, Wei] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Wilker, Molly B.; Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.; Dukovic, Gordana; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dollar, Franklin] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Keister, K. Ellen] Earlham Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan] Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Wilker, Molly B.] Luther Coll, Dept Chem, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. [Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.] Transylvania Univ, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40508 USA. RP Ellis, JL; Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ellis, JL; Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jennifer.ellis@colorado.edu; danhickstein@gmail.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program) [DE-FG02-99ER14982]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144083]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship [FP-91761701-0]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0137] FX The authors thank Dr. Eleanor Campbell for many substantive and helpful discussions. This work was completed at JILA. J.E., D.H., W.X., F.D., K.D., C.D., T.F., H.K., and M.M. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program, DE-FG02-99ER14982). J.E. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144083). B.P. and J.J. were supported by DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105. B.P. acknowledges support from a U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (FP-91761701-0). M.W., KS., and G.D. acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR award No. FA9550-12-1-0137. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02772 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DE6TE UT WOS:000370765700003 PM 26807653 ER PT J AU Riddick, F Wallace, E Davis, J AF Riddick, Frank Wallace, Evan Davis, Jim TI Managing Risks Due to Ingredient Variability in Food Production SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food production; material variability; risk mitigation; smart manufacturing AB Managing the design of products and the efficient execution of the manufacturing processes needed to produce them is an endeavor fraught with all manner of risks for manufacturing enterprises large and small. In certain industries, such as the food manufacturing industry, the problems and risks can be even greater. This is because the processes necessary for a food product's manufacture must be designed not only to meet quality, cost, and efficiency targets, but also to have an innate flexibility to cope with the unavoidable variability in the characteristics of the ingredients used to produce the desired product. In the food manufacturing industry and in related industries such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, the problem of identifying vendor sources for ingredients that have acceptable characteristics, managing the acquisition of those ingredients, and then modifying the manufacturing process to cope with the inherent variability in ingredients acquired at different times is an ongoing concern that can expose a company to severe risks. In this paper, a case study will be presented that illustrates how smart manufacturing (SM) approaches can be applied to reduce the risks due to ingredient variability to, and increase the efficiency of, a food production network. Smart manufacturing integrates best-of-breed solutions from manufacturing and non-manufacturing arenas to solve manufacturing problems and offers great hope for manufacturers. The SM solution described in this paper is built upon what is called the Smart Manufacturing Platform, a software and services platform being developed by the Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition. C1 [Riddick, Frank; Wallace, Evan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jim] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Riddick, F; Wallace, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Davis, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM frank.riddick@nist.gov; evan.wallace@nist.gov; jdavis@oit.ucla.edu FU NIST [70NANAB12H219]; UCLA [70NANAB12H219] FX This work was funded in part by Cooperative Agreement #70NANAB12H219 between NIST and UCLA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.6028/jres.121.002 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DE7BR UT WOS:000370789500001 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Garcia, C Jaron-Becker, A Hickstein, DD Becker, A Durfee, CG AF Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka Hickstein, Daniel D. Becker, Andreas Durfee, Charles G. TI High-order-harmonic generation driven by pulses with angular spatial chirp SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; ATTOSECOND PULSES; IONIZATION; PHYSICS; REGIME AB We present and analyze a technique to drive high-order harmonics by laser pulses with an angular spatial chirp. Results of our numerical simulations show that each harmonic is emitted with an angular chirp which scales inversely with the harmonic order and leads to additional control of the spatial and temporal resolution of the spectrum. In particular, the use of angular chirp leads to separation of the harmonics in two dimensions where (i) high spectral resolution can be achieved and (ii) the temporal periodicity of the harmonic pulse trains can be controlled. We show that this technique does not require carrier-envelope-phase stabilization when using few-cycle laser pulses. C1 [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Becker, Andreas; Durfee, Charles G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Becker, Andreas; Durfee, Charles G.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos] Univ Salamanca, Grp Invest Aplicac Laser & Foton, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka; Becker, Andreas] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Durfee, Charles G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Garcia, C (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Grp Invest Aplicac Laser & Foton, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. EM carloshergar@usal.es RI Becker, Andreas/K-4402-2013; Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/G-3681-2011; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/C-1227-2014 OI Hernandez-Garcia, Carlos/0000-0002-6153-2647; Jaron-Becker, Agnieszka/0000-0003-2339-8544 FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, under REA Grant [328334]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [SA116U13, UIC016]; MINECO [FIS2013-44174-P, FIS2015-71933-REDT]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-0561]; NSF EUV ERC; Department of Energy BES Award [DE-FG02-99ER14982]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX The authors thank Profs. Margaret Murnane and Henry Kapteyn for stimulating discussions and support. C.H.-G. acknowledges support from the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007-2013), under REA Grant Agreement No. 328334, and from Junta de Castilla y Leon (Project SA116U13, UIC016) and MINECO (FIS2013-44174-P, FIS2015-71933-REDT). A.J.-B., A.B., and C.D. acknowledge support from AFOSR FA9550-10-0561. C.D. acknowledges support from NSF EUV ERC. D.H. gratefully acknowledges supports from the Department of Energy BES Award DE-FG02-99ER14982. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 023825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023825 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DE2VD UT WOS:000370484400010 ER PT J AU Patla, BR AF Patla, B. R. TI Reduction of magnetic perturbation for SR-POEM SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article DE weak equivalence principle; magnetic fields; tests of general relativity ID ACCURACY EVALUATION; COMPENSATION; SHIELDS; FIELD AB SR-POEM is a Galilean test of the weak equivalence principle that aims to measure the fractional acceleration difference. with a mission uncertainty sigma(eta) = 1 x 10(-17) for a pair of test substances. It is to be conducted during the low-drag free fall portion of a sounding rocket flight. The interaction of the magnetic field gradient with tiny remanent magnetic moments of the test masses will produce a spurious acceleration that is not sufficiently reduced by a single Mu-metal shield. In this paper, we study configurations with two and three shields. Approximate analytic formulae are used to study the shielding factor as a function of geometry. We use finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the magnetic field and gradient for certain cases that satisfy the mission requirements. FEA results are compared with analytic expressions wherever appropriate. Several configurations reduce both axial and transverse magnetic field within the shielding volume by at least the required factor of 4 x 10(5). C1 [Patla, B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patla, B. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Patla, BR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Patla, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bijunath.patla@nist.gov FU NASA [NNX08AO04G]; NASA, Division of Planetary Science [NNH12AT81I] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX08AO04G. We thank Robert Reasenberg and James Phillips for their help in getting this work started and for their guidance and suggestions as the manuscript evolved. We also thank Neil Ashby, Stephan Barlow, Jens Gundlach, Tom Heavner, Mauro Hueller, Steven Jefferts, John Mester, Riley Newman, Vishal Shah and Tim Sumner for useful discussions. We would like to extend our thanks to two anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions that have helped improve this paper. This work was also supported in part by NASA, Division of Planetary Science, under grant NNH12AT81I. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD FEB 18 PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4 AR 045006 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/33/4/045006 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DC2NP UT WOS:000369053700007 ER PT J AU Safavi-Naini, A Capogrosso-Sansone, B Kuklov, A Penna, V AF Safavi-Naini, Arghavan Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara Kuklov, Anatoly Penna, Vittorio TI Quasi-molecular bosonic complexes-a pathway to SQUID with controlled sensitivity SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultracold dipolar gases; quantum phase transitions; atomtronics; SQUID; multilayer geometry; bosonization; quantum Monte Carlo ID POLAR-MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; GAS; CIRCUIT AB Recent experimental advances in realizing degenerate quantum dipolar gases in optical lattices and the flexibility of experimental setups in attaining various geometries offer the opportunity to explore exotic quantum many-body phases stabilized by anisotropic, long-range dipolar interaction. Moreover, the unprecedented control over the various physical properties of these systems, ranging from the quantum statistics of the particles, to the inter-particle interactions, allow one to engineer novel devices. In this paper, we consider dipolar bosons trapped in a stack of one-dimensional optical lattice layers, previously studied in (Safavi-Naini et al 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 043604). Building on our prior results, we provide a description of the quantum phases stabilized in this system which include composite superfluids (CSFs), solids, and supercounterfluids, most of which are found to be threshold-less with respect to the dipolar interaction strength. We also demonstrate the effect of enhanced sensitivity to rotations of a SQUID-type device made of two CSF trapped in a ring-shaped optical lattice layer with weak links. C1 [Safavi-Naini, Arghavan] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Safavi-Naini, Arghavan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capogrosso-Sansone, Barbara] Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Kuklov, Anatoly] CSI, Dept Engn Phys, New York, NY USA. [Kuklov, Anatoly] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Penna, Vittorio] Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Penna, Vittorio] Politecn Torino, Udr CNISM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Capogrosso-Sansone, B (reprint author), Clark Univ, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01610 USA.; Penna, V (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy.; Penna, V (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Udr CNISM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM bcapogrosso@clarku.edu; vittorio.penna@polito.it FU NSF [PHY1552978, PHY1314469, CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379, ACI-1126113]; MIUR [PRIN 2010LLKJBX] FX This work was supported by the NSF grants PHY1552978, PHY1314469 and MIUR (PRIN 2010LLKJBX). The computation for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU) as well as at the CUNY HPCC supported by NSF Grants CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379 and ACI-1126113. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025017 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025017 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0JQ UT WOS:000372470900001 ER PT J AU Burgess, SA Kassie, A Baranowski, SA Fritzsching, KJ Schmidt-Rohr, K Brown, CM Wade, CR AF Burgess, Samantha A. Kassie, Abebu Baranowski, Sarah A. Fritzsching, Keith J. Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus Brown, Craig M. Wade, Casey R. TI Improved Catalytic Activity and Stability of a Palladium Pincer Complex by Incorporation into a Metal-Organic Framework SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; BOND ACTIVATION; PHOSPHINE; LIGAND; OXIDATION; CO2; TRANSFORMATIONS AB A porous metal-organic framework Zr6O4(OH)(4)(L-PdX)(3) (1-X) has been constructed from Pd diphosphinite pincer complexes ([L-PdX](4-) = [(2,6-(OPAr2)(2)C6H3)PdX](4-), Ar = p-C6H4CO2-, X = Cl, I). Reaction of 1-X with PhI(O2CCF3)(2) facilitates I-/CF3CO2- ligand exchange to generate 1-TFA and I-2 as a soluble byproduct. 1-TFA is an active and recyclable catalyst for transfer hydrogenation of benzaldehydes using formic acid as a hydrogen source. In contrast, the homogeneous analogue Bu-t(L-PdTFA) is an ineffective catalyst owing to decomposition under the catalytic conditions, highlighting the beneficial effects of immobilization. C1 [Burgess, Samantha A.; Kassie, Abebu; Baranowski, Sarah A.; Fritzsching, Keith J.; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus; Wade, Casey R.] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, 415 South St MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DC 19716 USA. RP Wade, CR (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, 415 South St MS 015, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM cwade@brandeis.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Fritzsching, Keith/0000-0001-5486-614X; Wade, Casey/0000-0002-7044-9749 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [55281-DNI-3]; Schlumberger Faculty for Future Fellowship; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (55281-DNI-3) for support of this research. A.K. is supported by a Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship. We thank Prof. Marion Emmert and Dr. Kathleen Field for assistance with ICP-OES analysis. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 21 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b12366 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DE4EV UT WOS:000370582900010 PM 26813149 ER PT J AU Polzik, ES Ye, J AF Polzik, Eugene S. Ye, Jun TI Entanglement and spin squeezing in a network of distant optical lattice clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; ATOMIC CLOCK; NOISE; LIGHT; TIME AB We propose an approach for the collective enhancement of precision for remote optical lattice clocks and a way of generating the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state of remote clocks. In the first scenario, a distributed spin-squeezed state (SSS) of M clocks is generated by a collective optical quantum nondemolition measurement on clocks with parallel Bloch vectors. Surprisingly, optical losses, which usually present the main limitation to SSS, can be overcome by an optimal network design which provides close to Heisenberg scaling of the time precision with the number of clocks M. We provide an optimal network solution for distant clocks as well as for clocks positioned within close proximity of each other. In the second scenario, we employ collective dissipation to drive two clocks with oppositely oriented Bloch vectors into a steady-state entanglement. The corresponding EPR state provides secret time sharing beyond the projection noise limit between the two quantum synchronized clocks protected from eavesdropping. An important application of the EPR-entangled clock pair is the remote sensing of, for example, gravitational effects and other disturbances to which clock synchronization is sensitive. C1 [Polzik, Eugene S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Polzik, ES (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU European Research Council grant INTERFACE; NIST; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-11-0235]; NSF-JILA PFC FX We thank A. Sorensen, M. Bishof, X. Zhang, S. Bromley, and M. Barrett for discussions. We are grateful to Prof. H. J. Kimble of Caltech for many inspirational discussions and scientific challenges. We acknowledge funding from European Research Council grant INTERFACE, NIST, the U.S. Army Research Office Grant No. W911NF-11-0235, and NSF-JILA PFC. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.021404 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DD9KK UT WOS:000370243900003 ER PT J AU Mehta, B Benkstein, KD Semancik, S Zaghloul, ME AF Mehta, Bhaven Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve Zaghloul, Mona E. TI Gas Sensing with Bare and Graphene-covered Optical Nano-Antenna Structures SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; MOLECULES AB The motivation behind this work is to study the gas phase chemical sensing characteristics of optical (plasmonic) nano-antennas (ONA) and graphene/graphene oxide-covered versions of these structures. ONA are devices that have their resonating frequency in the visible range. The basic principle governing the detection mechanism for ONA is refractive index sensing. The change in the concentration of the analyte results in a differing amount of adsorbate and correlated shifts in the resonance wavelength of the device. In this work, bare and graphene or graphene oxide covered ONA have been evaluated for gas sensing performance. Four different analytes (ethanol, acetone, nitrogen dioxide and toluene) were used in testing. ONA response behavior to different analytes was modified by adsorption within the graphene and graphene oxide overlayers. This work is a preliminary study to understand resonance wavelength shift caused by different analytes. Results imply that the combination of well-structured ONA functionalized by graphene-based adsorbers can give sensitive and selective sensors but baseline drift effects identified in this work must be addressed for applied measurements. C1 [Mehta, Bhaven; Zaghloul, Mona E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mehta, B (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM bhavenm@gwmail.gwu.edu FU George Washington University FX The authors would like to thank The George Washington University for internal funding for this project. The authors would also like to thank Bill Mitchell at The Nanofabrication Facility of the University of California at Santa Barbara for the fabrication of the ONA structures. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 17 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21287 DI 10.1038/srep21287 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD9GD UT WOS:000370232800001 PM 26883289 ER PT J AU Jacobs, D Hoogerheide, DP Rovini, A Gurnev, PA Bezrukov, SM Rostovtseva, TK AF Jacobs, Daniel Hoogerheide, David P. Rovini, Amandine Gurnev, Philip A. Bezrukov, Sergey M. Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. TI Membrane Lipid Composition Regulates Alpha-Synuclein Blockage of and Translocation through the Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Jacobs, Daniel; Rovini, Amandine; Gurnev, Philip A.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.] NICHD, SMT, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 109-Plat BP 19A EP 20A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GP UT WOS:000375093500104 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Butler, P AF Cleveland, Thomas E. Butler, Paul TI Sans Studies of Bacteriorhodopsin Incorporation and Crystallization in Cubic Phase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Cleveland, Thomas E.; Butler, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 319-Pos BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GP UT WOS:000375093500314 ER PT J AU France, D Johnson, W Cordell, W Walls, F AF France, Danielle Johnson, Ward Cordell, William Walls, Fred TI Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing through Phase Noise Measurements of Cellular Biophysics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [France, Danielle; Johnson, Ward; Cordell, William] NIST, MML, ACMD, Boulder, CO USA. [Walls, Fred] Total Frequency, Lafayette, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 998-Plat BP 200A EP 200A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7GS UT WOS:000375093800486 ER PT J AU Siewny, MGW Yu, H Edwards, DT Sanders, AW Perkins, TT AF Siewny, Matthew G. W. Yu, Hao Edwards, Devin T. Sanders, Aric W. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Complex Folding Pathways of Bacteriorhodopsin Revealed by 1-mu s-Resolution Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Yu, Hao; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Yu, Hao; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1136-Pos BP 228A EP 228A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7XZ UT WOS:000375141600114 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Ashkar, R Kellery, E Bradbury, R Butler, P AF Nagao, Michihiro Ashkar, Rana Kellery, Elizabeth Bradbury, Robert Butler, Paul TI Understanding Lipid Bilayer Dynamics: Relating Bending and Thickness Fluctuations to Membrane Elasticity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Nagao, Michihiro; Kellery, Elizabeth; Bradbury, Robert; Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Ashkar, Rana] ORNL, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1206-Pos BP 242A EP 243A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7XZ UT WOS:000375141600184 ER PT J AU Balijepalli, A Kasianowicz, J Ettedgui, J AF Balijepalli, Arvind Kasianowicz, John Ettedgui, Jessica TI Single Molecule Measurements of Small Molecule Interactions with Metallic Nanoclusters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John; Ettedgui, Jessica] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1643-Pos BP 333A EP 334A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200110 ER PT J AU Forstater, J Ettedgui, J Chen, MC Kumar, S Kalachikov, S Russo, J Ju, JY Kasianowicz, J AF Forstater, Jacob Ettedgui, Jessica Chen, Minchien Kumar, Shiv Kalachikov, Sergey Russo, James Ju, Jingyue Kasianowicz, John TI Critical Test of Nanopore-Based Sequencing-by-Synthesis: Capture of Nucleic Acid Tags SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Forstater, Jacob; Ettedgui, Jessica; Kasianowicz, John] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Minchien; Kumar, Shiv; Kalachikov, Sergey; Russo, James; Ju, Jingyue] Columbia Univ, Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1645-Pos BP 334A EP 334A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200112 ER PT J AU Perkins, TT AF Perkins, Thomas T. TI Probing Single Individual Proteins Unfold and Refold with 1-mu s Resolution: Improved AFM-Based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] CU Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1848-Wkshp BP 375A EP 375A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200316 ER PT J AU Ma, J Zhao, HY Sandmaier, J Liddle, JA Schuck, P AF Ma, Jia Zhao, Huaying Sandmaier, Julia Liddle, J. Alexander Schuck, Peter TI Gravitational Sweep Sedimentation Velocity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Ma, Jia; Zhao, Huaying; Schuck, Peter] NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sandmaier, Julia; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 1897-Pos BP 384A EP 384A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YE UT WOS:000375142200365 ER PT J AU Kelley, EG Nagao, M Bradbury, RD Butler, PD AF Kelley, Elizabeth G. Nagao, Michihiro Bradbury, Robert D. Butler, Paul D. TI Influence of Charge on the Elastic Properties of Lipid Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Kelley, Elizabeth G.; Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert D.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro; Bradbury, Robert D.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2046-Pos BP 413A EP 413A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700016 ER PT J AU Gurnev, P Hoogerheide, D Rostovtseva, T Bezrukov, S AF Gurnev, Philip Hoogerheide, David Rostovtseva, Tatiana Bezrukov, Sergey TI Membrane-Binding Peptide Inhibits Blockage of Mitochondrial VDAC by Alpha-Synuclein: In Search of A-Synuclein Toxicity Prevention SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Gurnev, Philip; Hoogerheide, David; Rostovtseva, Tatiana; Bezrukov, Sergey] NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gurnev, Philip] Univ Massachusetts, Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hoogerheide, David] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2320-Pos BP 471A EP 471A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700289 ER PT J AU Meuse, CW AF Meuse, Curtis W. TI Measuring Structural Changes as a Function of Protein Concentration using Infrared Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2416-Pos BP 490A EP 490A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700385 ER PT J AU Walder, R Van Patten, WJ Adhikari, A LeBlanc, MA Okoniewski, SR Sullan, RMA Sousa, MC Perkins, TT AF Walder, Robert Van Patten, William J. Adhikari, Ayush LeBlanc, Marc-Andre Okoniewski, Stephen R. Sullan, Ruby May A. Sousa, Marcelo C. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Enhanced Site-Specific Anchoring of Biomolecules for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Walder, Robert; Van Patten, William J.; Adhikari, Ayush; Okoniewski, Stephen R.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Walder, Robert; Van Patten, William J.; Adhikari, Ayush; Okoniewski, Stephen R.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Van Patten, William J.; Okoniewski, Stephen R.] Univ Colorado, Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adhikari, Ayush; LeBlanc, Marc-Andre; Sousa, Marcelo C.] Univ Colorado, Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sullan, Ruby May A.] Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, Mechanobiochem Res Grp, Potsdam, Germany. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2463-Pos BP 499A EP 500A PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YI UT WOS:000375142700432 ER PT J AU Yu, H Siewny, MGW Edwards, DT Sanders, AW Perkins, TT AF Yu, Hao Siewny, Matthew G. W. Edwards, Devin T. Sanders, Aric W. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Equilibrium Folding of an Individual Bacteriorhodopsin into and out of its Native Lipid Bilayer Resolves Energy Landscapes and Hidden Dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2551-Plat BP 517A EP 518A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000015 ER PT J AU Liao, HS Stark, C Yao, JB Garimella, H Smith, PD Meuse, CW Jin, AJ AF Liao, Hsien-Shun Stark, Catherine Yao, James B. Garimella, Havisha Smith, Paul D. Meuse, Curtis W. Jin, Albert J. TI Assembly Mechanism and Nanomechanics of A beta in Alzheimer's Disease SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Liao, Hsien-Shun; Stark, Catherine; Yao, James B.; Garimella, Havisha; Smith, Paul D.; Jin, Albert J.] NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Stark, Catherine] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2634-Pos BP 534A EP 534A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000098 ER PT J AU Paul, BD Kelley, E Ashkar, R Bradbury, R Woodka, A Nagao, M AF Paul, Butler D. Kelley, Elizabeth Ashkar, Rana Bradbury, Robert Woodka, Andrea Nagao, Michihiro TI Controlling Membrane Dynamics by Tuning the Hydrophobic Mismatch and Lipid Compostion SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Paul, Butler D.; Kelley, Elizabeth; Bradbury, Robert; Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paul, Butler D.] Univ Delaware, Chem & Biomolecularl Engn Dept, Newark, DE USA. [Ashkar, Rana] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bradbury, Robert; Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Woodka, Andrea] West Point Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2801-Pos BP 567A EP 567A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000265 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, DP Noskov, S Rostovtseva, TK Bezrukov, SM Nanda, H AF Hoogerheide, David P. Noskov, Sergei Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. Bezrukov, Sergey M. Nanda, Hirsh TI Orientation of Dimeric Tubulin on Lipid Membranes Studied using Neutron Reflectometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Hoogerheide, David P.; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Noskov, Sergei] Univ Calgary, Dept Biochem, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2841-Pos BP 575A EP 575A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000305 ER PT J AU Barros, M Vennemann, T Heinrich, F Nelson, D Losche, M AF Barros, Marilia Vennemann, Tarek Heinrich, Frank Nelson, Daniel Losche, Mathias TI Endolysin PlyC Binding to Model Membranes Reveals its Entry Point on Mammalian Cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Barros, Marilia; Vennemann, Tarek; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nelson, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2848-Pos BP 576A EP 577A PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000312 ER PT J AU Barros, M Heinrich, F Datta, SAK Rein, A Losche, M AF Barros, Marilia Heinrich, Frank Datta, Siddartha A. K. Rein, Alan Losche, Mathias TI Membrane Binding of HIV-1 Matrix Protein: Dependence on Bilayer Composition and Protein Lipidation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2016 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barros, Marilia; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Datta, Siddartha A. K.; Rein, Alan] NIH, HIV Dynam & Replicat Program, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 110 IS 3 SU 1 MA 2849-Pos BP 577A EP 577A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA DK7YL UT WOS:000375143000313 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Reeves, GD Cunningham, GS Redmon, RJ Henderson, MG AF Chen, Yue Reeves, Geoffrey D. Cunningham, Gregory S. Redmon, Robert J. Henderson, Michael G. TI Forecasting and remote sensing outer belt relativistic electrons from low Earth orbit SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiation belts; forecast and nowcast; relativistic electrons; hundreds of keV precipitating electrons; LEO observations; wave particle interactions ID VAN ALLEN PROBES; RADIATION-BELT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; CHORUS; ACCELERATION; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; SCATTERING AB This study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of using observations from low Earth orbit (LEO) to forecast and nowcast relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We first report a high cross-energy, cross-pitch-angle coherence discovered between the trapped MeV electrons and precipitating approximately hundreds (similar to 100s) of keV electronsobserved by satellites with very different altitudeswith correlation coefficients as high as 0.85. Based upon the coherence, we then tested the feasibility of applying linear prediction filters to LEO data to predict the arrival of new MeV electrons during geomagnetic storms, as well as their evolving distributions afterward. Reliability of these predictive filters is quantified by the performance efficiency with values as high as 0.74 when driven merely by LEO observations (or up to 0.94 with the inclusion of in situ MeV electron measurements). Finally, a hypothesis based upon the wave-particle resonance theory is proposed to explain the coherence, and a first-principle electron tracing model yields supporting evidence. C1 [Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Cunningham, Gregory S.; Henderson, Michael G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.; Chen, Y (reprint author), New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM cheny@lanl.gov RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU U.S. Department of Energy through LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program [20130297ER]; LANL Center of Space and Earth Science (CSES) [2015-007]; NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigators program [14-GIVABR14_2-0028]; UCOP Lab Fees Program [12-LF-235337]; Van Allen Probes RBSP-ECT under NASA [NAS5-01072]; RBSP [NNG13PJ05I] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program (20130297ER), the LANL Center of Space and Earth Science (CSES, formerly named IGPPS) program (special large project 2015-007), the NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigators program (14-GIVABR14_2-0028), the UCOP Lab Fees Program (12-LF-235337), the Van Allen Probes RBSP-ECT funding under NASA's Prime contract NAS5-01072, RBSP funding contract NNG13PJ05I, and the NSEC/NMC and University of New Hampshire collaboration project on analysis of Van Allen Probes satellite data. We want to acknowledge the PIs and instrument teams of NOAA POES SEM-2, and RBSP EMFISIS and MagEIS for providing measurements and allowing us to use their data. Thanks to Weichao Tu for providing DREAM simulation results for study and CDAWeb for providing OMNI data. We are grateful for the use of IRBEM-LIB codes for calculating magnetic coordinates. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1002/2015GL067481 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QI UT WOS:000372056600012 ER PT J AU Melgar, D Allen, RM Riquelme, S Geng, JH Bravo, F Baez, JC Parra, H Barrientos, S Fang, P Bock, Y Bevis, M Caccamise, DJ Vigny, C Moreno, M Smalley, R AF Melgar, Diego Allen, Richard M. Riquelme, Sebastian Geng, Jianghui Bravo, Francisco Baez, Juan Carlos Parra, Hector Barrientos, Sergio Fang, Peng Bock, Yehuda Bevis, Michael Caccamise, Dana J., II Vigny, Christophe Moreno, Marcos Smalley, Robert, Jr. TI Local tsunami warnings: Perspectives from recent large events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tsunami warning ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; NEAR-FIELD; GPS; INVERSION; MODELS; RUNUP AB We demonstrate a flexible strategy for local tsunami warning that relies on regional geodetic and seismic stations. Through retrospective analysis of four recent tsunamigenic events in Japan and Chile, we show that rapid earthquake source information, provided by methodologies developed for earthquake early warning, can be used to generate timely estimates of maximum expected tsunami amplitude with enough accuracy for tsunami warning. We validate the technique by comparing to detailed models of earthquake source and tsunami propagation as well as field surveys of tsunami inundation. Our approach does not require deployment of new geodetic and seismic instrumentation in many subduction zones and could be implemented rapidly by national monitoring and warning agencies. We illustrate the potential impact of our method with a detailed comparison to the actual timeline of events during the recent 2015 M(w)8.3 Illapel, Chile, earthquake and tsunami that prompted the evacuation of 1 million people. C1 [Melgar, Diego; Allen, Richard M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riquelme, Sebastian; Baez, Juan Carlos; Barrientos, Sergio] Univ Chile, Ctr Sismol Nacl, Santiago, Chile. [Geng, Jianghui; Fang, Peng; Bock, Yehuda] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Cecil H & Ida M Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Ph, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Geng, Jianghui] Wuhan Univ, GNSS Ctr, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Bravo, Francisco] Univ Chile, Dept Geofis, Santiago, Chile. [Parra, Hector] Inst Geog Militar, Santiago, Chile. [Bevis, Michael; Caccamise, Dana J., II] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Caccamise, Dana J., II] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Vigny, Christophe] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris, France. [Moreno, Marcos] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr, Potsdam, Germany. [Smalley, Robert, Jr.] Univ Memphis, CERI, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Melgar, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmelgar@berkeley.edu OI Moreno, Marcos/0000-0002-6023-7283 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF3024]; NASA [NNX12AH55G, NNX13AI45A-001]; NSF [EAR-1252186, EAR-1252187]; French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2011-BS56-017, ANR-2012-BS06-004] FX This research was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant GBMF3024 to UC Berkeley. Participation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography was funded by NASA grants NNX12AH55G and NNX13AI45A-001 and NSF grants EAR-1252186 (EarthScope) and EAR-1252187. This work received partial support from grants ANR-2011-BS56-017 and ANR-2012-BS06-004 of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). We thank Barry Hirshorn and Lt. Nicolas Guzman for helpful discussions on the timeline of warnings for the Illapel event. We also thank Randy LeVeque and Kyle Mandli for helpful discussions on the Geoclaw software. We also thank the Franco-Chilean international laboratory Montessus deBallore (LIA-MdB) for providing some of the Chilean high-rate GPS data. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 24 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1117 DI 10.1002/2015GL067100 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DG4QI UT WOS:000372056600021 ER PT J AU Akmaev, RA Forbes, JM Lubken, FJ Murphy, DJ Hoffner, J AF Akmaev, R. A. Forbes, J. M. Luebken, F. -J. Murphy, D. J. Hoeffner, J. TI Tides in the mesopause region over Antarctica: Comparison of whole atmosphere model simulations with ground-based observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nonmigrating tides; mesopause; migrating tides; Antarctica ID NONMIGRATING SEMIDIURNAL TIDES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEMI-DIURNAL TIDE; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; SOUTH-POLE; OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION; 12-HOUR OSCILLATION; METEOR RADAR; THERMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE AB Almost a quarter century ago first optical and radar observations from the South Pole revealed rich dynamics unexpected from classical tidal theory. A strong semidiurnal wind oscillation was detected near the mesopause implying substantial deviations from the classical view that the semidiurnal variation is dominated by the migrating tide. Subsequent systematic observations exhibited large seasonal variations of both the diurnal and semidiurnal tide with dramatic reduction in amplitude from summer to winter. First numerical simulations with a realistic general circulation model extending into the lower thermosphere indicated the presence of nonmigrating tides with substantial amplitudes in the polar regions. However, direct model-data comparisons have been limited to idealized linear models. Here whole atmosphere model (WAM) simulations for January and July are compared with available wind climatologies based on multiyear radar observations at different locations in Antarctica as well as with first summertime lidar measurements of temperature. The diurnal tide simulation agrees well with most of the independent radar and satellite wind observations in both seasons. The strong semidiurnal tide comprised of migrating and nonmigrating components is well reproduced in summer, while in winter the model tends to overestimate the amplitudes over the continental edge. Besides model validation, a self-consistent numerical solution also enables cross validation of observations made with different instruments at different locales. C1 [Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Forbes, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luebken, F. -J.; Hoeffner, J.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Murphy, D. J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia. RP Akmaev, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM Rashid.Akmaev@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX12AJ58G]; NSF [OPP-0839084]; Australian Antarctic Program [674] FX J.M.F. acknowledges support under NASA award NNX12AJ58G as part of the Heliophysics Guest Investigator Program. The MF radar at Rothera is a joint project between the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and GATS Inc. operated by BAS. Support through NSF grant OPP-0839084 is acknowledged along with the assistance of David Fritts. The Scott Base MF radar is operated by Adrian McDonald and colleagues at the University of Canterbury through Antarctica New Zealand. Syowa MF radar operation has been carried out by Masaki Tsutsumi, National Institute of Polar Research under the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JAREs). The Davis and Mawson MF radars are supported through the Australian Antarctic Program through grant 674, and the assistance of Robert Vincent is acknowledged. The IDI radar at Halley was owned and operated by BAS and the assistance of Andrew Kavanagh and his colleagues is acknowledged. Computational resources were provided by the NOAA R&D high performance computing system. The tidal analysis results presented here are stored on this system and are available upon request (Rashid.Akmaev@noaa.gov). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1156 EP 1169 DI 10.1002/2015JD023673 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6QW UT WOS:000371481700008 ER PT J AU Kim, SW McDonald, BC Baidar, S Brown, SS Dube, B Ferrare, RA Frost, GJ Harley, RA Holloway, JS Lee, HJ McKeen, SA Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Oetjen, H Ortega, I Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Scarino, AJ Senff, CJ Thalman, R Trainer, M Volkamer, R Wagner, N Washenfelder, RA Waxman, E Young, CJ AF Kim, S. -W. McDonald, B. C. Baidar, S. Brown, S. S. Dube, B. Ferrare, R. A. Frost, G. J. Harley, R. A. Holloway, J. S. Lee, H. -J. McKeen, S. A. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Oetjen, H. Ortega, I. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Scarino, A. J. Senff, C. J. Thalman, R. Trainer, M. Volkamer, R. Wagner, N. Washenfelder, R. A. Waxman, E. Young, C. J. TI Modeling the weekly cycle of NOx and CO emissions and their impacts on O-3 in the Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin during the CalNex 2010 field campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Los Angeles; CalNex; weekly cycle; emissions of NOx and CO; O-3 ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-TERM CHANGES; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; DOAS INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AB We developed a new nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission inventory for the Los Angeles-South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) expanding the Fuel-based Inventory for motor-Vehicle Emissions and applied it in regional chemical transport modeling focused on the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 field campaign. The weekday NOx emission over the SoCAB in 2010 is 620td(-1), while the weekend emission is 410td(-1). The NOx emission decrease on weekends is caused by reduced diesel truck activities. Weekday and weekend CO emissions over this region are similar: 2340 and 2180td(-1), respectively. Previous studies reported large discrepancies between the airborne observations of NOx and CO mixing ratios and the model simulations for CalNex based on the available bottom-up emission inventories. Utilizing the newly developed emission inventory in this study, the simulated NOx and CO mixing ratios agree with the observations from the airborne and the ground-based in situ and remote sensing instruments during the field study. The simulations also reproduce the weekly cycles of these chemical species. Both the observations and the model simulations indicate that decreased NOx on weekends leads to enhanced photochemistry and increase of O-3 and O-x (=O-3+NO2) in the basin. The emission inventory developed in this study can be extended to different years and other urban regions in the U.S. to study the long-term trends in O-3 and its precursors with regional chemical transport models. C1 [Kim, S. -W.; McDonald, B. C.; Brown, S. S.; Dube, B.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Lee, H. -J.; McKeen, S. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Wagner, N.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, S. -W.; McDonald, B. C.; Baidar, S.; Dube, B.; Holloway, J. S.; Lee, H. -J.; McKeen, S. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Pollack, I. B.; Senff, C. J.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.; Wagner, N.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Waxman, E.; Young, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [McDonald, B. C.; Harley, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baidar, S.; Oetjen, H.; Ortega, I.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.; Waxman, E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ferrare, R. A.; Scarino, A. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Nowak, J. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Young, C. J.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Oetjen, Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807 FU NSF-CAREER [ATM-847793]; California Air Resources Board [ARB 09-317]; CIRES-ESRL graduate fellowship; NOAA Health of Atmosphere program; NASA ROSES ACMAP [NNH14AX01I]; NASA [NNH13AW31I] FX The first author thanks Jerome Brioude, Yuyan Cui, Ravan Ahmadov, Sang-Hyun Lee, Wayne Angevine, Eric Williams, Jim Kelly, Chenxia Cai, Ajith Kaduwela, and Andreas Richter for the discussions and assistance. R. Volkamer acknowledges funding from NSF-CAREER award ATM-847793, and California Air Resources Board contract ARB 09-317. S. Baidar is a recipient of the CIRES-ESRL graduate fellowship. The NOAA Health of Atmosphere program, the NASA ROSES ACMAP (NNH14AX01I), and NASA GEO-CAPE Mission Pre-formulation Study (NNH13AW31I) supported this research. The WRF-Chem model version 3.4.1 used in this study is available at http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_source.html. We acknowledge the use of MOZART-4 global model output available at http://www.acom.ucar.edu/wrf-chem/mozart.shtml. The CalNex field campaign data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/calnex/. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1340 EP 1360 DI 10.1002/2015JD024292 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6QW UT WOS:000371481700019 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Romsos, EL Duewer, DL AF Kline, Margaret C. Romsos, Erica L. Duewer, David L. TI Evaluating Digital PCR for the Quantification of Human Genomic DNA: Accessible Amplifiable Targets SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplexed assays perform best when the input quantity of template DNA is controlled to within about a factor of root 2. To help ensure that PCR assays yield consistent results over time and place, results from methods used to determine DNA quantity need to be metrologically traceable to a common reference. Many DNA quantitation systems can be accurately calibrated with solutions of DNA in aqueous buffer. Since they do not require external calibration, end-point limiting dilution technologies, collectively termed "digital PCR (dPCR)", have been proposed as suitable for value assigning such DNA calibrants. The performance characteristics of several commercially available dPCR systems have recently been documented using plasmid, viral, or fragmented genomic DNA; dPCR performance with more complex materials, such as human genomic DNA, has been less studied. With the goal of providing a human genomic reference material traceably certified for mass concentration, we are investigating the measurement characteristics of several dPCR systems. We here report results of measurements from multiple PCR assays, on four human genomic DNAs treated with four endonuclease restriction enzymes using both chamber and droplet dPCR platforms. We conclude that dPCR does not estimate the absolute number of PCR targets in a given volume but rather the number of accessible and amplifiable targets. While enzymatic restriction of human genomic DNA increases accessibility for some assays, in well-optimized PCR assays it can reduce the number of amplifiable targets and increase assay variability relative to uncut sample. C1 [Kline, Margaret C.; Romsos, Erica L.; Duewer, David L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@NIST.gov FU NIST Special Programs Office FX This work was supported in part through the NIST Special Programs Office. We thank Katherine Sharpless for her assistance in preparing this document and the anonymous reviewers of an earlier version of this report who requested detailed comparisons between cdPCR and ddPCR systems. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 4 BP 2132 EP 2139 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03692 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DE2JQ UT WOS:000370454000025 PM 26751276 ER PT J AU Harley, JR Bammler, TK Farin, FM Beyer, RP Kavanagh, TJ Dunlap, KL Knott, KK Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Harley, John R. Bammler, Theo K. Farin, Federico M. Beyer, Richard P. Kavanagh, Terrance J. Dunlap, Kriya L. Knott, Katrina K. Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Using Domestic and Free-Ranging Arctic Canid Models for Environmental Molecular Toxicology Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; CAPTIVE SLEDGE DOGS; FOX ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN HEALTH; POLAR BEARS; HUMAN BLOOD; GREENLAND AB The use of sentinel species for population and ecosystem health assessments has been advocated as part of a One Health perspective. The Arctic is experiencing rapid change, including climate and environmental shifts, as well as increased resource development, which will alter exposure of biota to environmental agents of disease. Arctic canid species have wide geographic ranges and feeding ecologies and are often exposed to high concentrations of both terrestrial and marine based contaminants. The domestic dog (Canis lupus farniliaris) has been used in biomedical research for a number of years and has been advocated as a sentinel for human health due to its proximity to humans and, in some instances, similar diet. Exploiting the potential of molecular tools for describing the toxicogenomics of Arctic canids is critical for their development as biomedical models as well as environmental sentinels. Here, we present three approaches analyzing toxicogenomics of Arctic contaminants in both domestic and free-ranging canids (Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus). We describe a number of confounding variables that must be addressed when conducting toxicogenomics studies in canid and other mammalian models. The ability for canids to act as models for Arctic molecular toxicology research is unique and significant for advancing our understanding and expanding the tool box for assessing the changing landscape of environmental agents of disease in the Arctic. C1 [Harley, John R.; Dunlap, Kriya L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Room 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bammler, Theo K.; Farin, Federico M.; Beyer, Richard P.; Kavanagh, Terrance J.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Ctr Ecogenet & Environm Hlth, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Knott, Katrina K.] Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Pl, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Fisheries & Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Vet Med, 901 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Harley, JR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Room 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM john.harley@alaska.edu OI Harley, John/0000-0001-9244-1724 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [5P20RR016466]; NIEHS funded UW Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health [P30ES007033] FX The authors thank J. Castellini and C. Lieske for their assistance with field sampling and data collection and Daryle Boyd, Ron Pearce, and Jennie Bolton from the NMFS's Northwest Fisheries Science Center for assistance in PCB analyses of blood. We also thank Karsten Hueffer for his assistance with carrying out experiments as well as critical review of this manuscript. Funding for these studies was provided by grant number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and in part by the NIEHS funded UW Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (P30ES007033). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1990 EP 1999 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04396 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE2JS UT WOS:000370454200042 PM 26730740 ER PT J AU Flambaum, VV Porsev, SG Safronova, MS AF Flambaum, V. V. Porsev, S. G. Safronova, M. S. TI Energy shift due to anisotropic blackbody radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; DARK-MATTER AB In many applications a source of the blackbody radiation (BBR) can be highly anisotropic. This leads to the BBR shift that depends on tensor polarizability and on the projection of the total angular momentum of ions and atoms in a trap. We derived a formula for the anisotropic BBR shift and performed numerical calculations of this effect for Ca+ and Yb+ transitions of experimental interest. These ions were used for a design of high-precision atomic clocks, fundamental physics tests such as the search for the Lorentz invariance violation and space-time variation of the fundamental constants, and quantum information. Anisotropic BBR shift may be one of the major systematic effects in these experiments. C1 [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Flambaum, VV (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. FU Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW; NSF [PHY-1404156, PHY-1212442, PHY-1520993]; Australian Research Council FX M.S.S. thanks the School of Physics at University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia for hospitality and acknowledges support from the Gordon Godfrey Fellowship program, UNSW. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1404156, No. PHY-1212442, and No. PHY-1520993 and the Australian Research Council. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.022508 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DD9KJ UT WOS:000370243800010 ER PT J AU Suess, K Snow, M Viereck, R Machol, J AF Suess, Katherine Snow, Martin Viereck, Rodney Machol, Janet TI Solar Spectral Proxy Irradiance from GOES (SSPRING): a model for solar EUV irradiance SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Solar irradiance; EUV flux; Space weather ID MGII INDEX; VARIABILITY; MISSION; SORCE AB Several currently operating instruments are able to measure the full EUV spectrum at sufficient wavelength resolution for use in upper-atmosphere modeling, the effects of space weather, and modeling satellite drag. However, no missions are planned at present to succeed the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) missions, which currently provide these data sources. To develop a suitable replacement for these measurements, we use two broadband EUV channels on the NOAA GOES satellites, the magnesium core-to-wing ratio (Mg II index) from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) as well as EUV and Mg II time averages to model the EUV spectrum from 0.1 to 105 nm at 5-nm spectral resolution and daily time resolution. A Levenberg-Marquardt least squares fitting algorithm is used to determine a coefficient matrix that best reproduces a reference data set when multiplied by input data. The coefficient matrix is then applied to model data outside of the fitting interval. Three different fitting intervals are tested, with a variable fitting interval utilizing all days of data before the prediction date producing the best results. The correlation between the model results and the observed spectrum is found to be above 95% for the 0.1-50 nm range, and between 74% and 95% for the 50-105 nm range. We also find a favorable comparison between our results and the Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM). These results provide a promising potential source for an empirical EUV spectral model after direct EUV measurements are no longer available, and utilize a similar EUV modeling technique as the upcoming GOES-R satellites. C1 [Suess, Katherine; Snow, Martin] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Machol, Janet] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Machol, Janet] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Snow, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Marty.Snow@lasp.colorado.edu RI Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 FU NASA Grant at University of Colorado Boulder [NNX13AI25A S03]; NSF Grant at University of Colorado Boulder [AGS-1157020] FX We would like to thank the referees and editors for their help in improving this manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX13AI25A S03 (MUSSIC) and NSF Grant AGS-1157020 (REU), both at the University of Colorado Boulder. We also thank Tom Woods and the instrument teams at LASP for the TIMED/SEE, SDO/EVE, and SORCE/SOLSTICE data used in this investigation. The FISM data used in this study was retrieved from LISIRD, and we thank LASP for making this web service available to the community. The GOES EUV data is from http://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html and is the work of many people at NOAA. The editor thanks two anonymous referees for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR A10 DI 10.1051/swsc/2016003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD7QI UT WOS:000370118800001 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, KB Cohen, AL Gove, JM AF Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Cohen, Anne L. Gove, Jamison M. TI Mitigation of Coral Reef Warming Across the Central Pacific by the Equatorial Undercurrent: A Past and Future Divide SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; CLIMATE AB Global climate models (GCMs) predict enhanced warming and nutrient decline across the central tropical Pacific as trade winds weaken with global warming. Concurrent changes in circulation, however, have potential to mitigate these effects for equatorial islands. The implications for densely populated island nations, whose livelihoods depend on ecosystem services, are significant. A unique suite of in situ measurements coupled with state-of-the-art GCM simulations enables us to quantify the mitigation potential of the projected circulation change for three coral reef ecosystems under two future scenarios. Estimated historical trends indicate that over 100% of the large-scale warming to date has been offset locally by changes in circulation, while future simulations predict a warming mitigation effect of only 5-10% depending on the island. The pace and extent to which GCM projections overwhelm historical trends will play a key role in defining the fate of marine ecosystems and island communities across the tropical Pacific. C1 [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Anne L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristopher.karnauskas@colorado.edu FU NSF [OCE-1031971, OCE-1233282]; DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute Moltz Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Support provided by NSF OCE-1031971 (ALC and KBK). KBK also acknowledges support from NSF OCE-1233282, the DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), the WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute Moltz Fellowship, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Funding for the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA Ships Hi'ialakai and Oscar Elton Sette for logistic support and field assistance. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 21213 DI 10.1038/srep21213 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD9DG UT WOS:000370225300001 PM 26880042 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Hu, CM Feng, L Swayze, GA Holmes, J Graettinger, G MacDonald, I Garcia, O Leifer, I AF Sun, Shaojie Hu, Chuanmin Feng, Lian Swayze, Gregg A. Holmes, Jamie Graettinger, George MacDonald, Ian Garcia, Oscar Leifer, Ira TI Oil slick morphology derived from AVIRIS measurements of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Implications-for spatial resolution requirements of remote sensors SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Remote sensing; AVIRIS; Landsat; MERIS; Morphology ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; M. FINGAS; C. BROWN; SATELLITE; TETRACORDER; THICKNESS; IMAGERY; SIGNAL AB Using fine spatial resolution (similar to 7.6 m) hyperspectral AVIRIS data collected over the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, we statistically estimated slick lengths, widths and length/width ratios to characterize oil slick morphology for different thickness classes. For all AVIRIS-detected oil slicks (N = 52,100 continuous features) binned into four thickness classes (<= 50 mu m but thicker than sheen, 50-200 mu m, 200-1000 mu m, and >1000 mu m), the median lengths, widths, and length/width ratios of these classes ranged between 22 and 38 m, 7-11 m, and 2.5-3.3, respectively. The AVIRIS data were further aggregated to 30-m (Landsat resolution) and 300-m (MERIS resolution) spatial bins to determine the fractional oil coverage in each bin. Overall, if 50% fractional pixel coverage were to be required to detect oil with thickness greater than sheen for most oil containing pixels, a 30-m resolution sensor would be needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Shaojie; Hu, Chuanmin; Feng, Lian] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Swayze, Gregg A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Holmes, Jamie] ABT Associates Inc, 1881 Ninth St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Graettinger, George] NOAA, Ocean Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [MacDonald, Ian; Garcia, Oscar] Florida State Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Dept, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Leifer, Ira] BRI, 5910 Matthews St, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Sun, SJ; Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 Seventh Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM huc@ust.edu OI Sun, Shaojie/0000-0002-4802-295X; Leifer, Ira/0000-0002-4674-5775 FU NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program [NNX13AD08G]; BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE [SA 15-16]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M12PC00003] FX This work was supported by the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program (Grant NNX13AD08G), the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through C-IMAGE [SA 15-16], and support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM, contract M12PC00003). We thank the European Space Agency and NASA for providing MERIS and MODIS data, and thank the NASA JPL and U.S. Geological Survey for providing AVIRIS and Landsat data. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 276 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DJ4RQ UT WOS:000374195800042 PM 26725867 ER PT J AU Berweger, S Blanchard, PT Brubaker, MD Coakley, KJ Sanford, NA Wallis, TM Bertness, KA Kabos, P AF Berweger, Samuel Blanchard, Paul T. Brubaker, Matt D. Coakley, Kevin J. Sanford, Norman A. Wallis, Thomas M. Bertness, Kris A. Kabos, Pavel TI Near-field control and imaging of free charge carrier variations in GaN nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING MICROWAVE MICROSCOPY; SI NANOWIRES; ELECTRONICS; SCALE; CELLS AB Despite their uniform crystallinity, the shape and faceting of semiconducting nanowires (NWs) can give rise to variations in structure and associated electronic properties. Here, we develop a hybrid scanning probe-based methodology to investigate local variations in electronic structure across individual n-doped GaN NWs integrated into a transistor device. We perform scanning microwave microscopy (SMM), which we combine with scanning gate microscopy to determine the freecarrier SMM signal contribution and image local charge carrier density variations. In particular, we find significant variations in free carriers across NWs, with a higher carrier density at the wire facets. By increasing the local carrier density through tip-gating, we find that the tip injects current into the NW with strongly localized current when positioned over the wire vertices. These results suggest that the strong variations in electronic properties observed within NWs have significant implications for device design and may lead to new paths to optimization. C1 [Berweger, Samuel; Blanchard, Paul T.; Brubaker, Matt D.; Coakley, Kevin J.; Sanford, Norman A.; Wallis, Thomas M.; Bertness, Kris A.; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Berweger, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073101 DI 10.1063/1.4942107 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PK UT WOS:000373056400034 ER PT J AU Medina, L Gilat, R Ilic, BR Krylov, S AF Medina, Lior Gilat, Rivka Ilic, B. Robert Krylov, Slava TI Experimental dynamic trapping of electrostatically actuated bistable micro-beams SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate a dynamic snap-through from a primary to a secondary statically inaccessible stable configuration in single crystal silicon, curved, doubly clamped micromechanical beam structures. The nanoscale motion of the fabricated bistable micromechanical devices was transduced using a high speed camera. Our experimental and theoretical results collectively show that the transition between the two stable states was solely achieved by a tailored time dependent electrostatic actuation. Fast imaging of the micromechanical motion allowed for direct visualization of dynamic trapping at the statically inaccessible state. These results further suggest that our direct dynamic actuation transcends prevalent limitations in controlling geometrically non-linear microstructures, and may have applications extending to multi-stable, topologically optimized micromechanical logic and non-volatile memory architectures. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Medina, Lior] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Gilat, Rivka] Ariel Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, IL-44837 Ariel, Israel. [Ilic, B. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylov, Slava] Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Medina, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Sch Mech Engn, IL-6997801 Ramat Aviv, Israel. EM liormedi@post.tau.ac.il FU Broadcom Foundation; Tel Aviv University Authentication Initiative; Ariel University; Israel Ministry of Science, Technology and Space FX The authors would like to thank Erez Benjamin, Stella Lulinski and Yoav Linzon for their help with experiments and the staff at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility for their generous aid in fabrication. The research was supported by the Broadcom Foundation, Tel Aviv University Authentication Initiative, Ariel University and Israel Ministry of Science, Technology and Space. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 7 AR 073503 DI 10.1063/1.4941731 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PK UT WOS:000373056400045 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, W AF MacCrehan, William TI GREGORY C. TURK SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [MacCrehan, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 EI 1520-605X J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 7 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DE1PA UT WOS:000370397700064 ER PT J AU Attota, R AF Attota, Ravikiran TI Noise analysis for through-focus scanning optical microscopy SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSPECTION AB A systematic noise-analysis study for optimizing data collection and data processing parameters for through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is presented. TSOM is a three-dimensional shape metrology method that can achieve sub-nanometer measurement sensitivity by analyzing sets of images acquired through focus using a conventional optical microscope. We show that the best balance between signal-to-noise performance and acquisition time can be achieved by judicious spatial averaging. Correct background-signal subtraction of the imaging system inhomogeneities is also critical, as well as careful alignment of the constituent images in the case of differential TSOM analysis. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Attota, Ravikiran] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 4 BP 745 EP 748 DI 10.1364/OL.41.000745 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DD5DN UT WOS:000369942900023 PM 26872178 ER PT J AU Grubbs, RD Carlson, JK Romine, JG Curtis, TH McElroy, WD McCandless, CT Cotton, CF Musick, JA AF Grubbs, R. Dean Carlson, John K. Romine, Jason G. Curtis, Tobey H. McElroy, W. David McCandless, Camilla T. Cotton, Charles F. Musick, John A. TI Critical assessment and ramifications of a purported marine trophic cascade SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS-CONCENTRICUS; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RHINOPTERA-BONASUS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; COWNOSE RAY; FOOD-HABITS; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB When identifying potential trophic cascades, it is important to clearly establish the trophic linkages between predators and prey with respect to temporal abundance, demographics, distribution, and diet. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, the depletion of large coastal sharks was thought to trigger a trophic cascade whereby predation release resulted in increased cownose ray abundance, which then caused increased predation on and subsequent collapse of commercial bivalve stocks. These claims were used to justify the development of a predator-control fishery for cownose rays, the "Save the Bay, Eat a Ray" fishery, to reduce predation on commercial bivalves. A reexamination of data suggests declines in large coastal sharks did not coincide with purported rapid increases in cownose ray abundance. Likewise, the increase in cownose ray abundance did not coincide with declines in commercial bivalves. The lack of temporal correlations coupled with published diet data suggest the purported trophic cascade is lacking the empirical linkages required of a trophic cascade. Furthermore, the life history parameters of cownose rays suggest they have low reproductive potential and their populations are incapable of rapid increases. Hypothesized trophic cascades should be closely scrutinized as spurious conclusions may negatively influence conservation and management decisions. C1 [Grubbs, R. Dean; Cotton, Charles F.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Romine, Jason G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Curtis, Tobey H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [McElroy, W. David] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McCandless, Camilla T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 32062 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 99 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 20970 DI 10.1038/srep20970 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD6SX UT WOS:000370055800001 PM 26876514 ER PT J AU Tyra, M Brearley, A Guan, YB AF Tyra, Mark Brearley, Adrian Guan, Yunbin TI Episodic carbonate precipitation in the CM chondrite ALH 84049: An ion microprobe analysis of O and C isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; BODY AQUEOUS ALTERATION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; PARENT BODIES; HYDROUS ASTEROIDS; MODAL MINERALOGY; EVOLUTION; DOLOMITE; FRACTIONATION; ORIGIN AB We have determined the O and C isotope compositions of dolomite grains and the C isotope compositions of calcite grains in the highly altered CM1 chondrite, ALH 84049, using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Chemically-zoned dolomite constitutes 0.8 volume percent (vol%) of the sample and calcite 0.9 vol%. Thirteen separate dolomite grains have delta C-13 values that range from 37 to 60 (+2) %, delta O-18 values from 25 to 32 (+3) %, and delta O-17 values from 10 to 16 (+3) % (VSMOW). Intragrain delta C-13 values in dolomite vary up to 10%. The delta C-13 values of three calcite grains are distinct from those of dolomite and range from 10 to 13 (+/- 2) % (PDB). Calcite and dolomite appear to record different precipitation episodes. Carbon isotope values of both dolomite and calcite in this single sample encompass much of the reported range for CM chondrites; our results imply that bulk carbonate C and O isotope analyses may oversimplify the history of carbonate precipitation. Multiple generations of carbonates with variable isotope compositions exist in ALH 84049 and, perhaps, in many CM chondrites. This work shows that one should exercise caution when using a clumped isotope approach to determine the original temperature and the isotopic compositions of water for CM chondrite carbonates. Less altered CM meteorites with more-homogeneous C isotope compositions, however, may be suitable for bulk-carbonate analyses, but detailed carbonate petrologic and isotopic characterization of individual samples is advised. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tyra, Mark; Brearley, Adrian] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Guan, Yunbin] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tyra, Mark] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tyra, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.; Tyra, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matyra@unm.edu FU NASA [NNG06GG37G, NNX11AK51G]; NSF; N.M. Space Grant; Meteoritical Society FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNG06GG37G and NNX11AK51G to A.J. Brearley (PI), the N.M. Space Grant (M.A. Tyra), and a 2010 Meteoritical Society student travel award (M.A. Tyra). I am grateful for discussions with Scott Jasechko, Maarten de Moor, and Rena Ford. Electron microscopy and electron microprobe analyses were carried out in the Electron Microbeam Analysis Facility, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, a facility supported by the State of New Mexico. We are particularly grateful to Mike Spilde for his assistance with the SEM and electron microprobe. US Antarctic meteorite samples are recovered by the Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) program which has been funded by NSF and NASA, and characterized and curated by the Department of Mineral Sciences of the Smithsonian Institution and Astromaterials Curation Office at NASA Johnson Space Center. Finally, we acknowledge the hard work of Conel Alexander, Monica Grady, Chris Herd (AE) and an anonymous reviewer whose work extensively improved the manuscript. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 175 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.034 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DC2TR UT WOS:000369070000013 ER PT J AU Shull, RD Kabanov, YP Gornakov, VS Chen, PJ Nikitenko, VI AF Shull, R. D. Kabanov, Yu. P. Gornakov, V. S. Chen, P. J. Nikitenko, V. I. TI Shape critical properties of patterned Permalloy thin films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Magnetism CY JUL 05-10, 2015 CL Span Soc Magnetism, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Barcelo Congress, Palau Congress Catalunya, Spanish Royal Soc Phys, Int Union Pure Appl Phys HO Span Soc Magnetism DE Domain structure; Magnetic microstructure; Magneto optical imaging; Patterned thin film; Spin vortex ID MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; ANISOTROPY; ELEMENT; EDGE; CO AB The effects of shape and edges in magnetic elements with reduced dimensions on the magnetization reversal of cross- and framed cross- shaped Ni79Fe21 (30 nm) films were studied. Remagnetization details in the strips of the patterned structures, which had 3 to 30 mu m widths and similar to 100 mu m lengths, were visualized by the magneto-optical indicator film technique. The magneto-optic images revealed three different types of the domain structure formation and evolution in the samples during their magnetization reversal: (i) spin rotation with growth and annihilation of a cross-tie structure in the strips perpendicular to the applied field, (ii) nucleation and fast motion of special boundaries, which consist of a number of coupled vortices located along both edges of the strips parallel to the applied field, and (iii) switching by ripple structure formation with macrodomain nucleation and domain wall motion in the large unpatterned part of the films. It was experimentally revealed that there exists a dependence of the critical field for nucleation and motion of domain walls in the parallel-to-field strips on their width and frame width. In particular, an inverse proportionality between this nucleation field and strip width was found in these strips having micrometer sized widths. Both experimental and simulation results show that, in cases (i) and (ii), the magnetostatic fields, which are formed on the edges of the strips and at their intersections, play a crucial role in the formation of spin inhomogeneities and switching of the samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shull, R. D.; Chen, P. J.; Nikitenko, V. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabanov, Yu. P.; Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] RAS, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shull@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 400 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jmm.2015.07.109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY1HP UT WOS:000366157600042 PM 26955208 ER PT J AU Gui, H Chen, HT Khripin, CY Liu, BL Fagan, JA Zhou, CW Zheng, M AF Gui, Hui Chen, Haitian Khripin, Constantine Y. Liu, Bilu Fagan, Jeffrey A. Zhou, Chongwu Zheng, Ming TI A facile and low-cost length sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by precipitation and applications for thin-film transistors SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS 2-PHASE EXTRACTION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; FRACTIONATION; PERFORMANCE; CHIRALITY; PARTITION; SYSTEMS AB Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with long lengths are highly desirable for many applications such as thin-film transistors and circuits. Previously reported length sorting techniques usually require sophisticated instrumentation and are hard to scale up. In this paper, we report for the first time a general phenomenon of a length-dependent precipitation of surfactant-dispersed carbon nanotubes by polymers, salts, and their combinations. Polyelectrolytes such as polymethacrylate (PMAA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are found to be especially effective on cholate and deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs. By adding PMAA to these nanotube dispersions in a stepwise fashion, we have achieved nanotube precipitation in a length-dependent order: first nanotubes with an average length of 650 nm, and then successively of 450 nm, 350 nm, and 250 nm. A similar effect of nanotube length sorting has also been observed for PSS. To demonstrate the utility of the length fractionation, the 650 nm-long nanotube fraction was subjected to an aqueous two-phase separation to obtain semiconducting enriched nanotubes. Thin-film transistors fabricated with the resulting semiconducting SWCNTs showed a carrier mobility up to 18 cm(2) (V s)(-1) and an on/off ratio up to 10(7). Our result sheds new light on the phase behavior of aqueous nanotube dispersions under high concentrations of polymers and salts, and offers a facile, low-cost, and scalable method to produce length sorted semiconducting nanotubes for macroelectronics applications. C1 [Gui, Hui] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Chen, Haitian; Liu, Bilu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM chongwuz@usc.edu; ming.zheng@nist.gov RI Liu, Bilu/B-2287-2010; Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU AFOSR; Joint King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)/California Center of Excellence FX We acknowledge financial support from AFOSR and Joint King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)/California Center of Excellence. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD FEB 14 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 6 BP 3467 EP 3473 DI 10.1039/c5nr07329d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DD4QY UT WOS:000369908900036 PM 26796507 ER PT J AU Allcock, DTC Harty, TP Sepiol, MA Janacek, HA Ballance, CJ Steane, AM Lucas, DM Stacey, DN AF Allcock, D. T. C. Harty, T. P. Sepiol, M. A. Janacek, H. A. Ballance, C. J. Steane, A. M. Lucas, D. M. Stacey, D. N. TI Dark-resonance Doppler cooling and high fluorescence in trapped Ca-43 ions at intermediate magnetic field SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser cooling; ion trap; hyperfine qubit; Doppler cooling; sideband cooling; calcium 43; optical Bloch equations AB We demonstrate simple and robust methods for Doppler cooling and obtaining high fluorescence from trapped Ca-43(+) ions at a magnetic field of 146 Gauss. This field gives access to a magnetic-field-independent 'atomic clock' qubit transition within the ground level hyperfine structure of the ion, but also causes the complex internal structure of the 64 states relevant to Doppler cooling to be spread over many times the atomic transition line-width. Using a time-dependent optical Bloch equation simulation of the system we develop a simple scheme to Doppler-cool the ion on a two-photon dark resonance, which is robust to typical experimental variations in laser intensities, detunings and polarizations. We experimentally demonstrate cooling to a temperature of 0.3 mK, slightly below the Doppler limit for the corresponding two-level system, and then use Raman sideband laser cooling to cool further to the ground states of the ion's radial motional modes. These methods will enable two-qubit entangling gates with this ion, which is one of the most promising qubits so far developed. C1 [Allcock, D. T. C.; Harty, T. P.; Sepiol, M. A.; Janacek, H. A.; Ballance, C. J.; Steane, A. M.; Lucas, D. M.; Stacey, D. N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Allcock, D. T. C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lucas, DM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM d.lucas@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Allcock, David/C-7582-2013 OI Allcock, David/0000-0002-7317-5560 FU St John's College, Oxford; EPSRC Science & Innovation award; Network Quantum Information Technology Hub FX The authors thank L Guidoni for assistance in setting up the experiment, N M Linke for producing figure 5 and DJ Szwer for assisting with preliminary simulations. TPH gratefully acknowledges support from St John's College, Oxford. This work was supported by an EPSRC Science & Innovation award and the Network Quantum Information Technology Hub. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 12 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 023043 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023043 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0FB UT WOS:000372456800002 ER PT J AU Phillips, DG Snow, WM Babul, K Banerjee, S Baxter, DV Berezhiani, Z Bergevin, M Bhattacharya, S Brooijmans, G Castellanos, L Chen, MC Coppola, CE Cowsik, R Crabtree, JA Das, P Dees, EB Dolgov, A Ferguson, PD Frost, M Gabrie, T Gal, A Gallmeier, F Ganezer, K Golubeva, E Greene, G Hartfiel, B Hawari, A Heilbronn, L Johnson, C Kamyshkov, Y Kerbikov, B Kitaguchi, M Kopeliovich, BZ Kopeliovich, VB Kuzmin, VA Liu, CY McGaughey, P Mocko, M Mohapatra, R Mokhov, N Muhrer, G Mumm, HP Okun, L Pattie, RW Quigg, C Ramberg, E Ray, A Roy, A Ruggles, A Sarkar, U Saunders, A Serebrov, AP Shimizu, HM Shrock, R Sikdar, AK Sjue, S Striganov, S Townsend, LW Tschirhart, R Vainshtein, A Van Kooten, R Wang, Z Young, AR AF Phillips, D. G., II Snow, W. M. Babul, K. Banerjee, S. Baxter, D. V. Berezhiani, Z. Bergevin, M. Bhattacharya, S. Brooijmans, G. Castellanos, L. Chen, M. -C. Coppola, C. E. Cowsik, R. Crabtree, J. A. Das, P. Dees, E. B. Dolgov, A. Ferguson, P. D. Frost, M. Gabrie, T. Gal, A. Gallmeier, F. Ganezer, K. Golubeva, E. Greene, G. Hartfiel, B. Hawari, A. Heilbronn, L. Johnson, C. Kamyshkov, Y. Kerbikov, B. Kitaguchi, M. Kopeliovich, B. Z. Kopeliovich, V. B. Kuzmin, V. A. Liu, C. -Y. McGaughey, P. Mocko, M. Mohapatra, R. Mokhov, N. Muhrer, G. Mumm, H. P. Okun, L. Pattie, R. W., Jr. Quigg, C. Ramberg, E. Ray, A. Roy, A. Ruggles, A. Sarkar, U. Saunders, A. Serebrov, A. P. Shimizu, H. M. Shrock, R. Sikdar, A. K. Sjue, S. Striganov, S. Townsend, L. W. Tschirhart, R. Vainshtein, A. Van Kooten, R. Wang, Z. Young, A. R. TI Neutron-antineutron oscillations: Theoretical status and experimental prospects SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Neutron-antineutron oscillation; Baryon number violation; Spallation; Cold neutron source; Quasi-free condition ID SMALL-SIGNAL ANALYSIS; HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS; LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; N-NBAR-OSCILLATION; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETERS; ANTIPROTON ANNIHILATION; STOPPED ANTIPROTONS; EXPERIMENTAL SEARCH; BAYESIAN-APPROACH AB The observation of neutrons turning into antineutrons would constitute a discovery of fundamental importance for particle physics and cosmology. Observing the n-(n) over bar transition would show that baryon number (B) is violated by two units and that matter containing neutrons is unstable. It would provide a clue to how the matter in our universe might have evolved from the B = 0 early universe. If seen at rates observable in foreseeable next-generation experiments, it might well help us understand the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. A demonstration of the violation of B-L by 2 units would have a profound impact on our understanding of phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Slow neutrons have kinetic energies of a few meV. By exploiting new slow neutron sources and optics technology developed for materials research, an optimized search for oscillations using free neutrons from a slow neutron moderator could improve existing limits on the free oscillation probability by at least three orders of magnitude. Such an experiment would deliver a slow neutron beam through a magnetically-shielded vacuum chamber to a thin annihilation target surrounded by a low-background antineutron annihilation detector. Antineutron annihilation in a target downstream of a free neutron beam is such a spectacular experimental signature that an essentially background-free search is possible. An authentic positive signal can be extinguished by a very small change in the ambient magnetic field in such an experiment. It is also possible to improve the sensitivity of neutron oscillation searches in nuclei using large underground detectors built mainly to search for proton decay and detect neutrinos. This paper summarizes the relevant theoretical developments, outlines some ideas to improve experimental searches for free neutron oscillations, and suggests avenues both for theoretical investigation and for future improvement in the experimental sensitivity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Castellanos, L.; Ganezer, K.; Hartfiel, B.; Shimizu, H. M.] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, 1000 E Victoria St,NSMB 202, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Baxter, D. V.; Liu, C. -Y.] Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Brooijmans, G.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 West 120th St,704 Pupin Hall,MC 5255, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mokhov, N.; Quigg, C.; Ramberg, E.; Striganov, S.; Tschirhart, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Snow, W. M.; Baxter, D. V.; Johnson, C.; Liu, C. -Y.; Van Kooten, R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 727 EThird St,Swain Hall West,Room 117, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Castellanos, L.; Golubeva, E.; Kopeliovich, V. B.; Kuzmin, V. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt 60 Letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Dolgov, A.; Kerbikov, B.; Okun, L.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya Ul 25, Moscow 113259, Russia. [Roy, A.] Interuniv Accelerator Ctr, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg,Vasantkunj Sect B, New Delhi 110067, DL, India. [Berezhiani, Z.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, 18,Str Statale 17 Bis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [McGaughey, P.; Mocko, M.; Muhrer, G.; Saunders, A.; Sjue, S.; Wang, Z.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kerbikov, B.; Kopeliovich, V. B.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, 9 Inst Per, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. [Kitaguchi, M.] Nagoya Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hawari, A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Burlington Engn Labs 3140, 2500 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Phillips, D. G., II; Dees, E. B.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 Stinson Dr,Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dolgov, A.] Novosibirsk State Univ, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Crabtree, J. A.; Ferguson, P. D.; Gallmeier, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Bear Creek Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Babul, K.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, 145 Phys Sci Bldg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sarkar, U.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Gal, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Banerjee, S.; Bhattacharya, S.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Block AF,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Serebrov, A. P.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Shrock, R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Phillips, D. G., II; Dees, E. B.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, POB 90308, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Berezhiani, Z.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Bergevin, M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chen, M. -C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Dolgov, A.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Polo Sci & Tecnol Edificio C,Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Mohapatra, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, 1117 John S Toll Bldg 082, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vainshtein, A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kopeliovich, B. Z.] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Ctr Estudios Subatom, Ave Espafia 1680,Casilla 110, Valparaiso, Chile. [Kopeliovich, B. Z.] Ctr Cient Tecnol Valparaiso, Ave Espafia 1680,Casilla 110, Valparaiso, Chile. [Heilbronn, L.; Ruggles, A.; Townsend, L. W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, 315 Pasqua Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Coppola, C. E.; Frost, M.; Gabrie, T.; Greene, G.; Kamyshkov, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, 401 Nielsen Phys Bldg,1408 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Das, P.; Ray, A.; Sikdar, A. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Block AF,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Cowsik, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, One Brookings Dr,Campus Box 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 727 EThird St,Swain Hall West,Room 117, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu RI Baxter, David /D-3769-2013; Berezhiani, Zurab/H-7221-2016; Kerbikov, Boris/E-1931-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014; OI Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904; Berezhiani, Zurab/0000-0002-4156-1686; Kerbikov, Boris/0000-0003-1866-5695; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X; Frost, Matthew/0000-0001-6821-170X; Mocko, Michael/0000-0003-0447-4687 FU Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; ORU Funding Program of the Office of Research of the University of Tennessee; United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX The work of W.M. Snow, C-Y. Liu, and R. Van Kooten was supported in part by the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. The University of Tennessee group was supported in part by the ORU Funding Program of the Office of Research of the University of Tennessee. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy Office of High Energy Physics. NR 215 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 612 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2015.11.001 PG 45 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DE2KB UT WOS:000370455100001 ER PT J AU Mao, L Hu, MJ Pan, BC Xie, YC Petersen, EJ AF Mao, Liang Hu, Maojie Pan, Bingcai Xie, Yongchao Petersen, Elijah J. TI Biodistribution and toxicity of radio-labeled few layer graphene in mice after intratracheal instillation SO PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Few layer graphene; Biodistribution; Toxicity; Mice; Intratracheal instillation; Occupational risk ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; IN-VIVO; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; PULMONARY TOXICITY; BLOOD-CIRCULATION; PRISTINE GRAPHENE; OXIDE AB Background: The potential human health risks from graphene inhalation exposure have attracted substantial scientific interest as a result of the numerous exciting potential commercial applications of graphene. However, the long-term distribution of graphene in organisms after inhalation is unknown, largely as a result of challenges associated with accurate graphene quantification. Methods: Carbon-14 labeled FLG was used to quantify the in vivo distribution of FLG in mice after oral gavage or intratracheal instillation for up to 3 or 28 days after exposure, respectively. Results: Intratracheally instilled FLG was mainly retained in the lung with 47 % remaining after 4 weeks. Exposure to non-labeled FLG resulted in dose-dependent acute lung injury and pulmonary edema, but these effects were alleviated with time despite the continued presence of FLG in the lungs. One percent and 0.18 % of the intratracheally instilled FLG was present in the liver and spleen, respectively, after 14 days by passing through the air-blood barrier, a finding supported by the results of oral gavage experiments which did not show detectable absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, 46.2 % of the intratracheally instilled FLG was excreted through the feces 28 d after exposure. Conclusions: Quantitative measurements revealed the elimination mechanism for FLG and its biodistribution for two exposure pathways. Graphene persistence in the lung only caused transient pulmonary effects. The in vivo distribution, elimination, and toxicity results provided here measured using a robust quantitative method support the human health risk assessment of graphene. C1 [Mao, Liang; Hu, Maojie; Pan, Bingcai; Xie, Yongchao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pan, BC (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn; bcpan@nju.edu.cn RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21237001]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201355] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049 and 21237001), and a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (201355). We thank Prof. Peng Wang for his experimental assistance on TEM. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 46 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-8977 J9 PART FIBRE TOXICOL JI Part. Fibre Toxicol. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 13 AR 7 DI 10.1186/s12989-016-0120-1 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DD6FU UT WOS:000370020900001 PM 26864058 ER PT J AU Shlosman, I Choi, JH Begelman, MC Nagamine, K AF Shlosman, Isaac Choi, Jun-Hwan Begelman, Mitchell C. Nagamine, Kentaro TI Supermassive black hole seed formation at high redshifts: long-term evolution of the direct collapse SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: numerical; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: theory; dark ages, reionization, first stars ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; ATOMIC COOLING HALOES; SINK PARTICLES; STAR-FORMATION; 1ST STARS; COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GALAXY MERGERS; GAS; ACCRETION AB We use cosmological adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO zoom-in simulations to study the long-term evolution of the collapsing gas within dark matter haloes at z. This direct collapse process is a leading candidate for rapid formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds. To circumvent the Courant condition at small radii, we apply the sink particle method, focusing on evolution on scales similar to 0.01-10 pc. The collapse proceeds in two stages, with the secondary runaway happening within the central 10 pc. The sink particles form when the collapsing gas requires additional refinement of the grid size at the highest refinement level. Their growth is negligible with the sole exception of the central seed which grows dramatically to M-seed similar to 2 x 10(6) M-circle dot in similar to 2 Myr, confirming the feasibility of this path to the SMBH. The variability of angular momentum in the accreted gas results in the formation of two misaligned discs. Both discs lie within the Roche limit of the central seed. While the inner disc is geometrically thin and weakly asymmetric, the outer disc flares due to turbulent motions as a result of the massive inflow along a pair of penetrating filaments. The filamentary inflow determines the dominant Fourier modes in this disc - these modes have a non-self-gravitational origin. We do not confirm that m = 1 is a dominant mode that drives the inflow in the presence of a central massive object. The overall configuration appears to be generic, and is expected to form when the central seed becomes sufficiently massive. C1 [Shlosman, Isaac] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac; Nagamine, Kentaro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Theoret Astrophys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Choi, Jun-Hwan] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nagamine, Kentaro] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Shlosman, I (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM shlosman@pa.uky.edu FU NSF [AST-0807760, AST-1009799, AST-1411879]; HST/STScI [AR-12639.01-A]; International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University; NASA ATP [NNX11AE09G]; Caltech/JPL SURP through the UT Austin [1515294]; JSPS KAKENHI [26247022]; NASA through STScI [HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX We thank Takashi Hosokawa for interesting and insightful discussions, and thank the ENZO and YT support team. All analysis has been conducted using YT (Turk et al. 2011, http://yt-project.org/). IS acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0807760 and from HST/STScI grant AR-12639.01-A. IS and KN are grateful for support from International Joint Research Promotion Program at Osaka University. JHC acknowledges support from NASA ATP NNX11AE09G, NSF AST-1009799, and Caltech/JPL SURP Project No. 1515294 through the UT Austin (P.I. Paul Shapiro). MCB acknowledges support from the NSF under AST-1411879. KN acknowledges the partial support by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26247022. Support for HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the STScI, which is operated by the AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2016 VL 456 IS 1 BP 500 EP 511 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2700 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7UN UT WOS:000368010000071 ER PT J AU Schlenker, LS Latour, RJ Brill, RW Graves, JE AF Schlenker, Lela S. Latour, Robert J. Brill, Richard W. Graves, John E. TI Physiological stress and post-release mortality of white marlin (Kajikia albida) caught in the United States recreational fishery SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air exposure; catch and release; handling practices; post-release mortality; stress physiology; white marlin ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; BONEFISH ALBULA-VULPES; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; BRIEF AIR EXPOSURE; BLUE MARLIN; TETRAPTURUS-ALBIDUS; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY AB White marlin, a highly migratory pelagic marine fish, support important commercial and recreational fisheries throughout their range in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. More than 10 000 individuals can be caught annually in the United States recreational fishery, of which the vast majority are captured on circle hooks and released alive. The probability of post-release mortality of white marlin released from circle hooks has been documented to be <0.02, but the associated physiological stress resulting from capture and handling techniques has not been characterized despite its importance for understanding the health of released fish. We examined the physiological response of 68 white marlin caught on circle hooks in the recreational fishery and followed the fate of 22 of these fish with pop-up satellite archival tags programmed to release after 30 days. Measures of plasma sodium, chloride, glucose and lactate concentrations taken from fish that were briefly and consistently (mean = 120 s, standard deviation = 40 s) removed from the water increased with angling time, but post-release mortality was inversely related to angling time. The probability of post-release mortality was predicted by elevated plasma potassium concentrations and was more than 10 times greater than has been previously reported for white marlin caught on circle hooks that were not removed from the water. This disparity in estimates of post-release mortality suggests that removal of fish from the water for physiological sampling greatly heightens stress, disrupts homeostasis and thus increases the probability of post-release mortality. Our results demonstrate that elevated concentrations of plasma potassium predict mortality in white marlin and that the probability of post-release mortality is highly dependent on post-capture handling procedures. C1 [Schlenker, Lela S.; Latour, Robert J.; Graves, John E.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Schlenker, LS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lschlenker@rsmas.miami.edu FU Offield Family Foundation; National Science Foundation GK-12 [DGE - 0840804] FX This work was supported by the Offield Family Foundation and the National Science Foundation GK-12 (DGE - 0840804 to L.S.S.). NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PD FEB 10 PY 2016 VL 4 AR cov066 DI 10.1093/conphys/cov066 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA DK8UW UT WOS:000375204800001 PM 27293745 ER PT J AU Khac, BCT Jeon, KJ Choi, ST Kim, YS DelRio, FW Chung, KH AF Bien Cuong Tran Khac Jeon, Ki-Joon Choi, Seung Tae Kim, Yong Soo DelRio, Frank W. Chung, Koo-Hyun TI Laser-Induced Particle Adsorption on Atomically Thin MoS2 SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE adsorbates; friction force microscopy; laser power; Raman spectroscopy; thermal conductivity ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; MONOLAYER MOS2; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GRAPHENE; FRICTION; SCATTERING AB Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows great potential for use in nanodevices because of its remarkable electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties. These material properties are often dependent on the thickness or the number of layers, and hence Raman spectroscopy is widely used to characterize the thickness of atomically thin MoS2 due to the sensitivity of the vibrational spectrum to thickness. However, the lasers used in Raman spectroscopy can increase the local surface temperature and eventually damage the upper layers of the MoS2, thereby changing the aforementioned material properties. In this work, the effects of lasers on the topography and material properties of atomically thin MoS2 were systematically investigated using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. In detail, friction force microscopy was used to study the friction characteristics of atomically thin MoS2 as a function of laser powers from 0.5 to 20 mW and number of layers from 1 to 3. It was found that particles formed on the top surface of the atomically thin MoS2 due to laser-induced thermal effects. The degree of particle formation increased as the laser power increased, prior to the thinning of the atomically thin MoS2. In addition, the degree of particle formation increased as the number of MoS2 layers increased, which suggests that the thermal behavior of the supported MoS2 may differ depending on the number of layers. The particles likely originated from the atmosphere due to laser-induced heating, but could be eliminated via appropriate laser powers and exposure times, which were determined experimentally. The outcomes of this work indicate that thermal management is crucial in the design of reliable nanoscale devices based on atomically thin MoS2. C1 [Bien Cuong Tran Khac; Choi, Seung Tae; Chung, Koo-Hyun] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [Jeon, Ki-Joon] Inha Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Inchon 22212, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Soo] Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [Kim, Yong Soo] Univ Ulsan, Energy Harvest Storage Res Ctr, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. [DelRio, Frank W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Choi, Seung Tae] Chung Ang Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 06974, South Korea. RP Chung, KH (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. EM khchung@ulsan.ac.kr RI Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2014R1A1A2058201] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A2058201). Specific commercial equipment, instruments, and materials that are identified in this report are listed in order to adequately describe the experimental procedure and are not intended to imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 10 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2974 EP 2984 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b09382 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DD8XY UT WOS:000370211400012 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Alix, JH Swiney, KM Long, WC Wikfors, GH Foy, RJ AF Meseck, Shannon L. Alix, Jennifer H. Swiney, Katherine M. Long, W. Christopher Wikfors, Gary H. Foy, Robert J. TI Ocean Acidification Affects Hemocyte Physiology in the Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; INTRACELLULAR PH MEASUREMENT; SHRIMP CRANGON-CRANGON; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE-CRAB; SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CARCINUS-MAENAS; UCA-PUGILATOR AB We used flow cytometry to determine if there would be a difference in hematology, selected immune functions, and hemocyte pH (pH(i)), under two different, future ocean acidification scenarios (pH = 7.50, 7.80) compared to current conditions (pH = 8.09) for Chionoecetes bairdi, Tanner crab. Hemocytes were analyzed after adult Tanner crabs were held for two years under continuous exposure to acidified ocean water. Total counts of hemocytes did not vary among control and experimental treatments; however, there were significantly greater number of dead, circulating hemocytes in crabs held at the lowest pH treatment. Phagocytosis of fluorescent microbeads by hemocytes was greatest at the lowest pH treatment. These results suggest that hemocytes were dying, likely by apoptosis, at a rate faster than upregulated phagocytosis was able to remove moribund cells from circulation at the lowest pH. Crab hemolymph pH (pH(e)) averaged 8.09 and did not vary among pH treatments. There was no significant difference in internal pH (pHi) within hyalinocytes among pH treatments and the mean pHi (7.26) was lower than the mean pHe. In contrast, there were significant differences among treatments in pHi of the semi-granular+granular cells. Control crabs had the highest mean semi-granular+granular pHi compared to the lowest pH treatment. As physiological hemocyte functions changed from ambient conditions, interactions with the number of eggs in the second clutch, percentage of viable eggs, and calcium concentration in the adult crab shell was observed. This suggested that the energetic costs of responding to ocean acidification and maintaining defense mechanisms in Tanner crab may divert energy from other physiological processes, such as reproduction. C1 [Meseck, Shannon L.; Alix, Jennifer H.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeaster Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeaster Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT USA. EM Shannon.Meseck@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program [AFSC001] FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program for funding project AFSC001. NR 119 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0148477 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0148477 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD6MN UT WOS:000370038400047 PM 26859148 ER PT J AU Lee, BH Mohr, C Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Lutz, A Hallquist, M Lee, L Romer, P Cohen, RC Iyer, S Kurten, T Hu, WW Day, DA Campuzano-Jost, P Jimenez, JL Xu, L Ng, NL Guo, HY Weber, RJ Wild, RJ Brown, SS Koss, A de Gouw, J Olson, K Goldstein, AH Seco, R Kim, S McAvey, K Shepson, PB Starn, T Baumann, K Edgerton, ES Liu, JM Shilling, JE Miller, DO Brune, W Schobesberger, S D'Ambro, EL Thornton, JA AF Lee, Ben H. Mohr, Claudia Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Lutz, Anna Hallquist, Mattias Lee, Lance Romer, Paul Cohen, Ronald C. Iyer, Siddharth Kurten, Theo Hu, Weiwei Day, Douglas A. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Jimenez, Jose L. Xu, Lu Ng, Nga Lee Guo, Hongyu Weber, Rodney J. Wild, Robert J. Brown, Steven S. Koss, Abigail de Gouw, Joost Olson, Kevin Goldstein, Allen H. Seco, Roger Kim, Saewung McAvey, Kevin Shepson, Paul B. Starn, Tim Baumann, Karsten Edgerton, Eric S. Liu, Jiumeng Shilling, John E. Miller, David O. Brune, William Schobesberger, Siegfried D'Ambro, Emma L. Thornton, Joel A. TI Highly functionalized organic nitrates in the southeast United States: Contribution to secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen budgets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE particulate organic nitrates; online measurement; lifetime calculation; high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer; biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation ID ALPHA-PINENE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; PHASE HYDROLYSIS; SOA FORMATION; ISOPRENE; GAS; NOX; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS AB Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization MS during June and July of 2013 in rural Alabama as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. A large fraction of pONs is highly functionalized, possessing between six and eight oxygen atoms within each carbon number group, and is not the common first generation alkyl nitrates previously reported. Using calibrations for isoprene hydroxynitrates and the measured molecular compositions, we estimate that pONs account for 3% and 8% of total submicrometer organic aerosol mass, on average, during the day and night, respectively. Each of the isoprene-and monoterpenes-derived groups exhibited a strong diel trend consistent with the emission patterns of likely biogenic hydrocarbon precursors. An observationally constrained diel box model can replicate the observed pON assuming that pONs (i) are produced in the gas phase and rapidly establish gas-particle equilibrium and (ii) have a short particle-phase lifetime (similar to 2-4 h). Such dynamic behavior has significant implications for the production and phase partitioning of pONs, organic aerosol mass, and reactive nitrogen speciation in a forested environment. C1 [Lee, Ben H.; Mohr, Claudia; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lutz, Anna; Hallquist, Mattias] Univ Gothenburg, Atmospher Sci, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lee, Lance; Romer, Paul; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Iyer, Siddharth; Kurten, Theo] Univ Helsinki, Phys Chem Lab, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.; Wild, Robert J.; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xu, Lu; Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga Lee; Guo, Hongyu; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wild, Robert J.; Brown, Steven S.; Koss, Abigail; de Gouw, Joost; McAvey, Kevin] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olson, Kevin; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seco, Roger; Kim, Saewung] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McAvey, Kevin; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Starn, Tim] W Chester Univ, Dept Chem, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Baumann, Karsten; Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Liu, Jiumeng; Shilling, John E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Miller, David O.; Brune, William] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [D'Ambro, Emma L.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mohr, Claudia] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Lee, Lance] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olson, Kevin] Chevron Prod Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI Schobesberger, Siegfried/L-4454-2014; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Iyer, Siddharth/C-8283-2017; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Hu, Weiwei/C-7892-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011; Kurten, Theo/G-2120-2012; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Lee, Ben/G-7007-2014; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Hallquist, Mattias/D-2602-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Schobesberger, Siegfried/0000-0002-5777-4897; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Iyer, Siddharth/0000-0001-5989-609X; D'Ambro, Emma/0000-0002-3041-9027; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Kurten, Theo/0000-0002-6416-4931; Lee, Ben/0000-0002-5057-2168; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Hallquist, Mattias/0000-0001-5691-1231; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 FU US Department of Energy Small Business Innovation and Research Program [DE-SC0004577]; Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0006867, DE-SC0011791]; National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award [ATM-0846183]; Swedish Research Council Formas Grant [214-2010-1756]; Academy of Finland; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate (NOAA); Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NSF [AGS-1120076, AGS-1352972, 1242258, 1243354, AGS 1228496, AGS-1250569]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Grants [RD-83540301, R835410]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; US EPA STAR Research Program [R835400]; US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program; EPA STAR Grant [835407]; Southern Company; Electric Power Research Institute FX We thank all of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) team members, in particular Annmarie G. Carlton (Rutgers University) and Steve B. Bertman (Western Michigan University). We thank Paul O. Wennberg (California Institute of Technology) for helpful suggestions on analysis. We also thank Matthieu Riva and Jason Surratt (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) for allowing us access to their sulfated ON dataset. The FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS was developed with funding from the US Department of Energy Small Business Innovation and Research Program Grant DE-SC0004577 (to J.A.T.) and Atmospheric System Research Program Grants DE-SC0006867 (to J.A.T.) and DE-SC0011791 (to J.A.T.). Its deployment at the SOAS campaign was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award ATM-0846183 (to J.A.T.). The University of Gothenburg group was supported by Swedish Research Council Formas Grant 214-2010-1756. The University of Helsinki group was supported by the Academy of Finland. Funding for B.H.L. was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate (NOAA) and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grants AGS-1120076 (to R.C.C.) and AGS-1352972 (to R.C.C.). The Georgia Institute of Technology group was supported by NSF Grant 1242258 (to R. J. Weber) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Grants RD-83540301 (early career; to N.L.N.) and R835410 (to N.L.N.). The University of Colorado Boulder group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1243354 (to J.L.J.) and NOAA Grant NA13OAR4310063 (to J.L.J.). The University of California, Irvine group was supported by US EPA STAR Research Program R835400 (S.K.). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory group was supported by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program (J.E.S.). The Purdue University group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1228496 (to P.B.S.). The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1250569 (to A.H.G.) and EPA STAR Grant 835407 (to A.H.G.). Funding for the SOAS ground site was provided by Southern Company and the Electric Power Research Institute. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 29 U2 94 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1073/pnas.1508108113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9WG UT WOS:000369571700034 PM 26811465 ER PT J AU Queiroz, N Humphries, NE Mucientes, G Hammerschlag, N Lima, FP Scales, KL Miller, PI Sousa, LL Seabra, R Sims, DW AF Queiroz, Nuno Humphries, Nicolas E. Mucientes, Gonzalo Hammerschlag, Neil Lima, Fernando P. Scales, Kylie L. Miller, Peter I. Sousa, Lara L. Seabra, Rui Sims, David W. TI Ocean-wide tracking of pelagic sharks reveals extent of overlap with longline fishing hotspots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE animal telemetry; distribution; conservation; fisheries; predator-prey ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; POPULATIONS; MOVEMENTS; BYCATCH; TAGS AB Overfishing is arguably the greatest ecological threat facing the oceans, yet catches of many highly migratory fishes including oceanic sharks remain largely unregulated with poor monitoring and data reporting. Oceanic shark conservation is hampered by basic knowledge gaps about where sharks aggregate across population ranges and precisely where they overlap with fishers. Using satellite tracking data from six shark species across the North Atlantic, we show that pelagic sharks occupy predictable habitat hotspots of high space use. Movement modeling showed sharks preferred habitats characterized by strong sea surface-temperature gradients (fronts) over other available habitats. However, simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of the entire Spanish and Portuguese longline-vessel fishing fleets show an 80% overlap of fished areas with hotspots, potentially increasing shark susceptibility to fishing exploitation. Regions of high overlap between oceanic tagged sharks and longliners included the North Atlantic Current/Labrador Current convergence zone and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge southwest of the Azores. In these main regions, and subareas within them, shark/vessel co-occurrence was spatially and temporally persistent between years, highlighting how broadly the fishing exploitation efficiently "tracks" oceanic sharks within their space-use hotspots year-round. Given this intense focus of longliners on shark hotspots, our study argues the need for international catch limits for pelagic sharks and identifies a future role of combining fine-scale fish and vessel telemetry to inform the ocean-scale management of fisheries. C1 [Queiroz, Nuno; Humphries, Nicolas E.; Sousa, Lara L.; Sims, David W.] The Laboratory, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Queiroz, Nuno; Mucientes, Gonzalo; Lima, Fernando P.; Sousa, Lara L.; Seabra, Rui] Univ Porto, Res Network Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Campus Agr Vairao, P-4485668 Vairao, Portugal. [Mucientes, Gonzalo] Ctr Tecnol Mar, Vigo 36208, Spain. [Hammerschlag, Neil] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.; Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Sousa, Lara L.; Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Seabra, Rui] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Sims, David W.] Univ Southampton, Ctr Biol Sci, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Sims, DW (reprint author), The Laboratory, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.; Sims, DW (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.; Sims, DW (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Ctr Biol Sci, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM dws@mba.ac.uk RI Mucientes Sandoval, Gonzalo/A-1057-2009; Lima, Fernando/C-1398-2008; Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; OI Mucientes Sandoval, Gonzalo/0000-0001-6650-3020; Lima, Fernando/0000-0001-9575-9834; Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; L. Sousa, Lara/0000-0002-4392-3572; Scales, Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans Strategic Research Programme; Save Our Seas Foundation; Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship; European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) via the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (COMPETE); National Funds via Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) [PTDC/MAR/100345/2008, COMPETE FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010580]; Project Biodiversity, Ecology and Global Change; North Portugal Regional Operational Programme under the National Strategic Reference Framework via the European Regional Development Fund [ON.2-O Novo Norte]; FCT [IF/01611/2013, IF/00043/2012, SFRH/BD/68717/2010, SFRH/BD/68521/2010]; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Batchelor Foundation; West Coast Inland Navigation District in Florida FX Funding was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Oceans 2025 Strategic Research Programme (D.W.S.), the Save Our Seas Foundation (D.W.S.), a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship (D.W.S.), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) via the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (COMPETE), National Funds via Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/MAR/100345/2008 and COMPETE FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010580 (to N.Q. and D.W.S.), Project Biodiversity, Ecology and Global Change cofinanced by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme 2007/2013 (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework via the European Regional Development Fund (N.Q.), FCT Investigator Fellowships IF/01611/2013 (to N.Q.) and IF/00043/2012 (to F.P.L.), FCT Doctoral Fellowships SFRH/BD/68717/2010 (to L.L.S.) and SFRH/BD/68521/2010 (to R.S.) and by the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Batchelor Foundation, and West Coast Inland Navigation District in Florida (N.H.). This research was part of the European Tracking of Predators in the Atlantic initiative. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our colleague P. Alexandrino, who supported the initial work. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 19 U2 66 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 9 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1587 DI 10.1073/pnas.1510090113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9WG UT WOS:000369571700045 PM 26811467 ER PT J AU Pozo, R AF Pozo, Roldan TI Q-matrix: An Algebraic Formulation for the Analysis and Visual Characterization of Network Graphs SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE network measure; network science; resilience classification AB Given an undirected network, we describe a two-dimensional graphical measure based on the connected component distribution of its degree-limited subgraphs. This process yields an unambiguous visual portrait, which reveals important network properties. It can be used as a classification tool, as graphs from related application areas have striking similarities. It can also be used as an efficient algorithm to demonstrate graph non-isomorphism for large graphs with identical degree distributions. Finally, it can be used as an analysis tool to help distinguish real-world networks from their synthetic counterparts. C1 [Pozo, Roldan] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pozo, R (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roldan.pozo@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD FEB 8 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.6028/jres.121.001 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DE7BM UT WOS:000370789000001 ER PT J AU Peterson, RW Purdy, TP Kampel, NS Andrews, RW Yu, PL Lehnert, KW Regal, CA AF Peterson, R. W. Purdy, T. P. Kampel, N. S. Andrews, R. W. Yu, P. -L. Lehnert, K. W. Regal, C. A. TI Laser Cooling of a Micromechanical Membrane to the Quantum Backaction Limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; GROUND-STATE; OSCILLATOR; RESONATOR; MICROWAVE; MOTION; NOISE; LIGHT AB The radiation pressure of light can act to damp and cool the vibrational motion of a mechanical resonator, but even if the light field has no thermal component, shot noise still sets a limit on the minimum phonon occupation. In optomechanical sideband cooling in a cavity, the finite off-resonant Stokes scattering defined by the cavity linewidth combined with shot noise fluctuations dictates a quantum backaction limit, analogous to the Doppler limit of atomic laser cooling. In our work, we sideband cool a micromechanical membrane resonator to the quantum backaction limit. Monitoring the optical sidebands allows us to directly observe the mechanical object come to thermal equilibrium with the optical bath. This level of optomechanical coupling that overwhelms the intrinsic thermal decoherence was not reached in previous ground-state cooling demonstrations. C1 [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Kampel, N. S.; Andrews, R. W.; Yu, P. -L.; Lehnert, K. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Purdy, T. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, P. -L.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Regal, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Regal, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708 FU DURIP; DARPA QuASAR program; AFOSR-MURI; AFOSR PECASE; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; Taiwan Ministry of Education FX This work was supported by DURIP, the DARPA QuASAR program, AFOSR-MURI, AFOSR PECASE, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. C. A. R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. P.-L. Y. thanks the Taiwan Ministry of Education for support. We thank Antoinne Heidmann and Aurelien Kuhn for design information about free-space optical cryostats. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 6 AR 063601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.063601 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DD2EU UT WOS:000369736200003 PM 26918990 ER PT J AU Williamson, I Her, LJY Su, XL Yan, YG Wong-Ng, W Li, L AF Williamson, Izaak Her, Logan Ju-Yee Su, Xianli Yan, Yonggao Wong-Ng, Winnie Li, Lan TI Improved thermoelectric performance of (Fe,Co)Sb-3-type skutterudites from first-principles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COSB3 AB Skutterudite materials have been considered as promising thermoelectric candidates due to intrinsically good electrical conductivity and tailorable thermal conductivity. Options for improving thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency include identifying novel materials, adding filler atoms, and substitutional dopants. Incorporating filler or substitutional dopant atoms in the skutterudite compounds can enhance phonon scattering, resulting in reduction of thermal conductivity, as well as improving electrical conductivity. The structures, electronic properties, and thermal properties of double-filled Ca0.5Ce0.5Fe4Sb12 and Co4Sb12-2xTexGex compounds (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6) have been studied using density functional theory-based calculations. Both Ca/Ce filler atoms in FeSb3 and Te/Ge substitution in CoSb3 cause a decrease in lattice constant for the compounds. As Te/Ge substitution concentration increases, lattice constant decreases and structural distortion of pnictogen rings in the compounds occurs. This indicates a break in cubic symmetry of the structure. The presence of fillers and substitutions cause an increase in electrical conductivity and a gradual decrease in electronic band gap. A transition from direct to indirect band-gap semiconducting behavior is found at x = 3. Phonon density of states for both compounds indicate phonon band broadening by the incorporation of fillers and substitutional atoms. Both systems are also assumed to have acoustic-modedominated lattice thermal conductivity. For the Co4Sb12-2xTexGex compounds, x = 3 has the lowest phonon dispersion gradient and lattice thermal conductivity, agreeing well with experimental measurements. Our results exhibit the improvement of thermoelectric properties of skutterudite compounds through fillers and substitutional doping. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Williamson, Izaak; Li, Lan] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Her, Logan Ju-Yee] Cosumnes River Coll, Dept Sci Math & Engn, Sacramento, CA 95823 USA. [Su, Xianli; Yan, Yonggao] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Lan] Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Williamson, I (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI Su, Xianli/A-9685-2012 FU NSF EAPSI Fellowship [1414593] FX This work was partially supported by the NSF EAPSI Fellowship Grant No. 1414593. Computing facilities were provided by Boise State University's R1 cluster, and Idaho National Laboratory's high performance computing (HPC) center. The authors thank Dr. Jin Zhao at the University of Science and Technology of China for helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 5 AR 055101 DI 10.1063/1.4940952 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DD4NU UT WOS:000369900600021 ER PT J AU Caliga, SC Straatsma, CJE Anderson, DZ AF Caliga, Seth C. Straatsma, Cameron J. E. Anderson, Dana Z. TI Transport dynamics of ultracold atoms in a triple-well transistor-like potential SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronics; transistor; transport dynamics; finite temperature ID CIRCUIT AB The transport of atoms is experimentally studied in a transistor-like triple-well potential consisting of a narrow gate well surrounded by source and drain wells. Atoms are initially loaded into the source well with pre-determined temperature and chemical potential. Energetic atoms flow from the source, across the gate, and into the drain where they are removed using a resonant light beam. The manifestation of atom-atom interactions and dissipation is evidenced by a rapid population growth in the initially vacant gate well. The transport dynamics are shown to depend strongly on a feedback parameter determined by the relative heights of the two barriers forming the gate region. For a range of feedback parameter values, experiments establish that the gate atoms develop a larger chemical potential and lower temperature than those in the source. C1 [Caliga, Seth C.; Straatsma, Cameron J. E.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caliga, Seth C.; Anderson, Dana Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Straatsma, Cameron J. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0327]; National Science Foundation [PHY1125844]; Charles Stark Draper Laboratories [SC001-0000000759] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-14-1-0327), the National Science Foundation (PHY1125844), and by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratories (SC001-0000000759). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025010 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025010 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0HE UT WOS:000372463100004 ER PT J AU Flower, H Rains, M Lewis, D Zhang, JZ Price, R AF Flower, Hilary Rains, Mark Lewis, David Zhang, Jia-Zhong Price, Rene TI Control of phosphorus concentration through adsorption and desorption in shallow groundwater of subtropical carbonate estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bicarbonates; Mangroves; Sediment dynamics; Abiotic factors; Phosphates; USA; Florida; Everglades; Taylor Slough ID FLORIDA BAY; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN EVERGLADES; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MANGROVE FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER AB The changes in the proportion of fresh and marine water sources in coastal mixing zones can affect phosphorus (P) availability, one of the important drivers of primary productivity. This study focuses on an abiotic portion of the P cycle in the mangrove ecotone of Taylor Slough, coastal Everglades, Florida. We investigated the P sorption properties of sediment with three distinct water sources in this region: 1) fresh groundwater from the inland Everglades, 2) bicarbonate enriched groundwater from the mangrove ecotone, and 3) surface saltwater from Florida Bay. Soluble reactive P (SPR) in ecotone groundwater exhibit markedly low sorption efficiency (K-d = 0.2 L g(-1)) onto the sediment compared to fresh groundwater and Florida Bay water (11.3 L g(-1) and 3.4 L g(-1), respectively). The low SRP buffering capacity of the sediment in ecotone groundwater would maintain a higher ambient water SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than in the other two waters. The relative sorption efficiency is consistent with the measured zero equilibrium SRP concentration being highest in ecotone groundwater (0.094 +/- 0.003 mu M) and lower in fresh groundwater and Florida Bay surface water (0.075 +/- 0.005 mu M and 0.058 +/- 0.004 mu M, respectively). The temporal variability of SRP concentration in groundwater at the ecotone field station is greater than the range of zero equilibrium SRP concentration for all three waters, so very low SRP concentration in the ambient water would induce desorption of P from the sediment. Such desorption processes would result in a higher ambient SRP concentration in ecotone groundwater than the other two water types. Our results suggest that ecotone groundwater, due to its higher bicarbonate content, would release more SRP from mangrove sediments compared to the upstream and downstream waters, as evidenced by both its lower P sorption efficiency and its higher zero equilibrium SRP concentration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flower, Hilary; Rains, Mark] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lewis, David] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Flower, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hflower@mail.usf.edu; mrains@usf.edu; davidlewis@usf.edu; jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov; pricer@fiu.edu RI Lewis, David/B-6313-2009; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; OI Lewis, David/0000-0002-8094-1577; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Flower, Hilary/0000-0002-1499-8321 FU National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreement [DEB-1237517, DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514] FX Laboratory and field assistance was provide by David Lagomasino, Rafael Travieso, Viviana Penuela Useche, Edward Linden, Tracess Smalley, and Nora Jade Flower. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for his or her valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DEB-1237517, #DBI-0620409, and #DEB-9910514. This is contribution number 750 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 169 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.10.024 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DE8KJ UT WOS:000370884600024 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Grant, IP Gaigalas, G Rynkun, P AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Grant, Ian P. Gaigalas, Gediminas Rynkun, Pavel TI Lifetimes of some 2s(2)2p P-2(3/2) states from variational theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; DIPOLE TRANSITION RATES; B-LIKE; IONS; M1 AB A measured lifetime of exceptional accuracy has been reported for the 2p P-2(3/2) state of Ar13+ that is in good agreement with theory, neglecting the effect of the anomalous magnetic moment. When perturbation theory is used to estimate the effect of the latter, the discrepancy increases. In this paper, results from a fully relativistic variational calculation are presented. By using the Gordon transformation, an expression is derived for the transition matrix element. Lifetimes without and with the effect of the anomalous magnetic moment are reported, both in excellent agreement with perturbation theory. C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, Ian P.] Univ Oxford, Math Inst, Andrew Wiles Bldg,Woodstock Rd, Oxford OX2 6GG, England. [Grant, Ian P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Gaigalas, Gediminas; Rynkun, Pavel] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, A Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Charlotte.Fischer@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 022505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.022505 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC6ZI UT WOS:000369367700002 ER PT J AU Sambur, JB Chen, TY Choudhary, E Chen, GQ Nissen, EJ Thomas, EM Zou, NM Chen, P AF Sambur, Justin B. Chen, Tai-Yen Choudhary, Eric Chen, Guanqun Nissen, Erin J. Thomas, Elayne M. Zou, Ningmu Chen, Peng TI Sub-particle reaction and photocurrent mapping to optimize catalyst-modified photoanodes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING CATALYST; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL WATER OXIDATION; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-NANOPARTICLE CATALYSIS; SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES; SURFACE-STATES; TIO2; PARTICLES; PHOTOELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROCATALYSIS AB The splitting of water photoelectrochemically into hydrogen and oxygen represents a promising technology for converting solar energy to fuel(1,2). The main challenge is to ensure that photogenerated holes efficiently oxidize water, which generally requires modification of the photoanode with an oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) to increase the photocurrent and reduce the onset potential(3). However, because excess OEC material can hinder light absorption and decrease photoanode performance(4), its deposition needs to be carefully controlled-yet it is unclear which semiconductor surface sites give optimal improvement if targeted for OEC deposition, and whether sites catalysing water oxidation also contribute to competing charge-carrier recombination with photogenerated electrons(5). Surface heterogeneity(6) exacerbates these uncertainties, especially for nanostructured photoanodes benefiting from small charge-carrier transport distances(1,7,8). Here we use super-resolution imaging(9-13), operated in a charge-carrier-selective manner and with a spatiotemporal resolution of approximately 30 nanometres and 15 milliseconds, to map both the electron-and hole-driven photoelectrocatalytic activities on single titanium oxide nanorods. We then map, with sub-particle resolution (about 390 nanometres), the photocurrent associated with water oxidation, and find that the most active sites for water oxidation are also the most important sites for charge-carrier recombination. Site-selective deposition of an OEC, guided by the activity maps, improves the overall performance of a given nanorod-even though more improvement in photocurrent efficiency correlates with less reduction in onset potential (and vice versa) at the sub-particle level. Moreover, the optimal catalyst deposition sites for photocurrent enhancement are the lower-activity sites, and for onset potential reduction the optimal sites are the sites with more positive onset potential, contrary to what is obtainable under typical deposition conditions. These findings allow us to suggest an activity-based strategy for rationally engineering catalyst-improved photoelectrodes, which should be widely applicable because our measurements can be performed for many different semiconductor and catalyst materials. C1 [Sambur, Justin B.; Chen, Tai-Yen; Choudhary, Eric; Chen, Guanqun; Zou, Ningmu; Chen, Peng] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nissen, Erin J.] Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Chem, Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA. [Thomas, Elayne M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Choudhary, Eric] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM pc252@cornell.edu RI Sambur, Justin/Q-2982-2016 OI Sambur, Justin/0000-0002-8457-4946 FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science [DE-FG02-10ER16199]; Army Research Office [63767-CH, 65814-CH]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1263736, CHE-1137217]; REU programme [DMR-1063059]; Petroleum Research Foundation [54289-ND7]; NSF MRSEC programme [DMR-1120296]; NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network [ECCS-15420819] FX The research is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science (grant number DE-FG02-10ER16199), and in part by Army Research Office (grant numbers 63767-CH and 65814-CH), National Science Foundation (grant numbers CBET-1263736 and CHE-1137217 (to J.B.S.), and REU programme DMR-1063059 (to E.J.N. and E.M.T.)), and the Petroleum Research Foundation (grant number 54289-ND7). This work used the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, an NSF MRSEC programme (grant number DMR-1120296), and the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the NSF National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (grant number ECCS-15420819). We thank D. Hill of the Cahoon Group at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for the finite-difference frequency-domain simulations presented in Supplementary Fig. 24. We also thank J. McKone, S. Maldonado, B. A. Parkinson, H. D. Abruna and A. J. Nozik for discussions, J. Colson and W. Dichtel for X-ray diffraction measurements, J. Grazul for electron microscopy and H. D. Abruna for electrochemical instrumentation. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 71 U2 246 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 4 PY 2016 VL 530 IS 7588 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16534 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC6BK UT WOS:000369304500035 PM 26842056 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Moore, ME Jeffries, SJ AF Berejikian, B. A. Moore, M. E. Jeffries, S. J. TI Predator-prey interactions between harbor seals and migrating steelhead trout smolts revealed by acoustic telemetry SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Top-down; Ecosystem shift; Salmonid survival; Pinniped; Migration behavior ID PUGET-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AVIAN PREDATION; SURVIVAL; RIVER; FISH; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS AB Changes in the Puget Sound ecosystem over the past 3 decades include increases in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) abundance and declines in many of their preferred prey species. Harbor seals were outfitted with acoustic telemetry receivers and GPS tags to investigate spatial and temporal interactions with steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss smolts implanted with acoustic transmitters. A total of 6846 tag detections from 44 different steelhead trout smolts (from an initial group of 246 smolts released into 2 rivers) were recorded by the 11 recovered sealmounted receivers. Central Puget Sound seal receivers detected a greater proportion of smolts surviving to the vicinity of the haul-out locations (29 of 51; 58%) than Admiralty Inlet seal receivers (7 of 50; 14%; p < 0.001). Detection data suggest that none of the tagged smolts were consumed by the 11 monitored seals. Nine smolts were likely consumed by non-tagged harbor seals based partly on detections of stationary tags at the seal capture haul-outs, although tag deposition by other predators cannot be ruled out. Smolts implanted with continuously pinging tags and smolts implanted with tags that were silent for the first 10 d after release were detected in similar proportions leaving Puget Sound (95% CI for the difference between proportions: -0.105 to 0.077) and stationary at harbor seal haul-outs (95% CI: -0.073 to 0.080). This study suggests that harbor seals contribute to mortality of migrating steelhead smolts, and we hypothesize that documented changes in the Puget Sound ecosystem may currently put steelhead smolts at greater risk of predation by harbor seals and possibly other predators. C1 [Berejikian, B. A.; Moore, M. E.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Jeffries, S. J.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov FU Washington State; NOAA Fisheries FX We greatly appreciate the efforts of Chris Frazier, Devin West, Lars Swartling, Justin Miller, Matt Pollack, Bob Green, Pete Topping, Joe Anderson and Matt Klungle (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), Shaun Hildebrant and Curtis Nelson (Muckleshoot Tribe) in coordinating and executing the collection of steelhead smolts from the Green and Nisqually Rivers. We thank Dyanna Lambourn, Bryan Murphie, Josh Oliver, Erin D'Agnese, Nina Hall and Jeff Harris (WDFW) for assisting with seal captures and application and recovery of instrument packs. Rob Endicott (NOAA) configured receivers and constructed fish holding facilities. Sean Hayes (NOAA) and John Payne provided VMT receivers and valuable input in preparation for the study. Scott Pearson and Illai Keren, Joe Anderson, Matt Klungle from WDFW, and Tom Flagg (NOAA) provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Kintama Research (Nanaimo, BC) deployed the NAR, CPS and ADM VR3 receivers. This is Publication Number 3 from the Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: an international, collaborative research effort designed to determine the primary factors affecting the survival of juvenile chinook salmon, coho salmon and steelhead in the combined marine waters of Puget Sound and Strait of Georgia (marinesurvivalproject.com). Funding was provided by Washington State, NOAA Fisheries, and other in-kind contributions. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 543 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.3354/meps11579 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD8LN UT WOS:000370178100002 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Bell, I Limpus, CJ Hamann, M Ambar, S Whap, T David, C FitzSimmons, NN AF Jensen, Michael P. Bell, Ian Limpus, Colin J. Hamann, Mark Ambar, Stephen Whap, Terrence David, Charles FitzSimmons, Nancy N. TI Spatial and temporal genetic variation among size classes of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) provides information on oceanic dispersal and population dynamics SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mixed stock analysis; Migration; Management; Mitochondrial DNA; Genetics ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL SEA; MIXED STOCKS; GROWTH; AUSTRALIA; PACIFIC AB Migratory marine species present challenges for conservation because of complex threats within their pelagic dispersal zones, including coastal foraging areas and extensive migration pathways, or at breeding grounds. To better understand the connectivity between green turtle rookeries and foraging populations, we sequenced the mtDNA control region of 987 turtles from 6 major foraging grounds on a similar to 2300 km longitudinal transect off eastern Australia, and used mixed stock analysis (MSA) to estimate their natal origins. We investigated variation in natal origins within different size classes and over spatial and temporal scales and compared this to approximately 30 yr of mark-recapture data. For adult turtles, we found that the northern Great Barrier Reef (nGBR) genetic stock dominated in the northern feeding grounds while the southern Great Barrier Reef (sGBR) and Coral Sea stocks dominated in the south, with a changeover of dominating stock occurring between 14 degrees and 20 degrees S. However, at the 3 most northern feeding grounds, we found an unexpected decrease (17-30%) in the proportion of nGBR turtles among small immature turtles relative to large immatures and adults. Four possible hypotheses were explored, with the 2 most plausible being that (1) small immature turtles from the sGBR and other rookeries first settle in nGBR feeding grounds, but later shift to other feeding grounds as they mature, or (2) a reduced hatching success for decades from the main nGBR rookery at Raine Island has resulted in reduced recruitment into the nGBR feeding ground from this stock. These results may indicate an alarming reduction in hatching success at the largest known green turtle rookery in the world. C1 [Jensen, Michael P.; FitzSimmons, Nancy N.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Fac Sci Appl, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bell, Ian] Queensland Dept Environm & Heritage Protect, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Limpus, Colin J.] Dept Environm & Heritage Protect, Threatened Species Unit, POB 2454, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Hamann, Mark] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ambar, Stephen] Hammond Isl Commun, Torres Strait, Qld 4801, Australia. [Whap, Terrence] Mabuiag Isl, Torres Strait, Qld 4575, Australia. [David, Charles] Iama Isl, Torres Strait, Qld 4875, Australia. [Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [FitzSimmons, Nancy N.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Fac Sci Appl, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.; Jensen, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM michael.jensen@noaa.gov OI Hamann, Mark/0000-0003-4588-7955 FU Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility; Torres Strait Regional Authority Turtle and Dugong Project; Australian Research Council; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; DERM; Queensland Turtle Research Project [G03/9866.1] FX The Torres Strait samples were collected as part of a project funded by the Australian Government's Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility and the Torres Strait Regional Authority Turtle and Dugong Project. We thank the community councils of Hammond and Iama Islands, the Mabuiag Ranger group and the Kaurareg Aboriginal Council. In addition, turtle and dugong officers from several Torres Strait islands assisted in the data collection. Staff, particularly Duncan Limpus, and numerous volunteers of the DERM Queensland Turtle Conservation Project provided assistance in the capture and genetic sampling of turtles within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Moreton Bay Marine Park. We also thank Erin LaCasella and Tomoharu Eguchi for valuable comments on the manuscript. These feeding ground studies were funded in part by grants from the Australian Research Council, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and by DERM. Samples were collected under Queensland Turtle Research Project permit number G03/9866.1. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 16 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 543 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.3354/meps11521 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD8LN UT WOS:000370178100017 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Morrison, WE Nelson, MW Stachura, MM Teeters, EJ Griffis, RB Alexander, MA Scott, JD Alade, L Bell, RJ Chute, AS Curti, KL Curtis, TH Kircheis, D Kocik, JF Lucey, SM McCandless, CT Milke, LM Richardson, DE Robillard, E Walsh, HJ McManus, MC Marancik, KE Griswold, CA AF Hare, Jonathan A. Morrison, Wendy E. Nelson, Mark W. Stachura, Megan M. Teeters, Eric J. Griffis, Roger B. Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. Alade, Larry Bell, Richard J. Chute, Antonie S. Curti, Kiersten L. Curtis, Tobey H. Kircheis, Daniel Kocik, John F. Lucey, Sean M. McCandless, Camilla T. Milke, Lisa M. Richardson, David E. Robillard, Eric Walsh, Harvey J. McManus, M. Conor Marancik, Katrin E. Griswold, Carolyn A. TI A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast US Continental Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; MARINE FISH; THERMAL TOLERANCE; AMERICAN SHAD; RANGE SHIFTS; EAST-COAST; FISHERIES; ATLANTIC AB Climate change and decadal variability are impacting marine fish and invertebrate species worldwide and these impacts will continue for the foreseeable future. Quantitative approaches have been developed to examine climate impacts on productivity, abundance, and distribution of various marine fish and invertebrate species. However, it is difficult to apply these approaches to large numbers of species owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding sufficient for quantitative analyses, as well as the lack of scientific infrastructure to support these more detailed studies. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species with existing information. These methods combine the exposure of a species to a stressor (climate change and decadal variability) and the sensitivity of species to the stressor. These two components are then combined to estimate an overall vulnerability. Quantitative data are used when available, but qualitative information and expert opinion are used when quantitative data is lacking. Here we conduct a climate vulnerability assessment on 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast U.S. Shelf including exploited, forage, and protected species. We define climate vulnerability as the extent to which abundance or productivity of a species in the region could be impacted by climate change and decadal variability. We find that the overall climate vulnerability is high to very high for approximately half the species assessed; diadromous and benthic invertebrate species exhibit the greatest vulnerability. In addition, the majority of species included in the assessment have a high potential for a change in distribution in response to projected changes in climate. Negative effects of climate change are expected for approximately half of the species assessed, but some species are expected to be positively affected (e.g., increase in productivity or move into the region). These results will inform research and management activities related to understanding and adapting marine fisheries management and conservation to climate change and decadal variability. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.; Bell, Richard J.; McCandless, Camilla T.; Richardson, David E.; Walsh, Harvey J.; Griswold, Carolyn A.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Morrison, Wendy E.; Nelson, Mark W.; Teeters, Eric J.] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NMFS, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stachura, Megan M.] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Griffis, Roger B.] NOAA, NMFS, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alade, Larry; Chute, Antonie S.; Curti, Kiersten L.; Lucey, Sean M.; Robillard, Eric] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Curtis, Tobey H.] NOAA, NMFS, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, 55 Great Republic Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Kircheis, Daniel; Kocik, John F.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [McManus, M. Conor; Marancik, Katrin E.] NOAA, Integrated Stat, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. [Stachura, Megan M.] NOAA, ECS Fed Inc, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bell, Richard J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Nat Conservancy, Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [McManus, M. Conor] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02818 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NMFS Office of Science and Technology; NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries; NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory; NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office; NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NMFS Office of Science and Technology, NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries, NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory, NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA NMFS Office of Science and Technology, NOAA NMFS Office of Sustainable Fisheries, NOAA OAR Earth System Laboratory, NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. We thank Antonietta Capotondi, Vince Saba, and Charles Stock for contributing to the description of projected changes in ocean currents in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. We thank Mike Johnson for contributing to the description of projected sea level rise in the region. We thank Richard Balouskus, Diane Borggaard, Edith Carson, Sarah Laporte, Lynn Lankshear, Jessica Pruden, Rory Saunders, and Tara Trinko Lake for completing species profiles in preparation for the assessment. We thank Kim Hare for formatting references here and in the Supplemental Material and we thank Kris Gamble for help with the figures. Finally, we thank Diane Borggaard and Kimberly Damon-Randall for the encouragement and support throughout the project (before the beginning to the end). We also thank Ken Drinkwater, Jeff Hutchings, and Nick Caputi for their thoughtful and constructive advice during a Council of Independent Experts review of the Climate Vulnerability Assessment Methodology and this Northeast fisheries climate vulnerability assessment. Acknowledgment of the above individuals does not imply their endorsement of this work; the authors have sole responsibility for the content of this contribution. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR e0146756 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0146756 PG 30 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC9OF UT WOS:000369550200013 PM 26839967 ER PT J AU Gaudet, J Ross, KA Kermarrec, E Butch, NP Ehlers, G Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Gaudet, J. Ross, K. A. Kermarrec, E. Butch, N. P. Ehlers, G. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Gapless quantum excitations from an icelike splayed ferromagnetic ground state in stoichiometric Yb2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EARTH TITANATE PYROCHLORES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VISUALIZATION; TRANSITION AB The ground state of the quantum spin ice candidate magnet Yb2Ti2O7 is known to be sensitive to weak disorder at the similar to 1% level which occurs in single crystals grown from the melt. Powders produced by solid state synthesis tend to be stoichiometric and display large and sharp heat capacity anomalies at relatively high temperatures, T-C similar to 0.26 K. We have carried out neutron elastic and inelastic measurements on well characterized and equilibrated stoichiometric powder samples of Yb2Ti2O7 which show resolution-limited Bragg peaks to appear at low temperatures, but whose onset correlates with temperatures much higher than T-C. The corresponding magnetic structure is best described as an icelike splayed ferromagnet. The spin dynamics in Yb2Ti2O7 are shown to be gapless on an energy scale <0.09 meV at all temperatures and organized into a continuum of scattering with vestiges of highly overdamped ferromagnetic spin waves present. These excitations differ greatly from conventional spin waves predicted for Yb2Ti2O7's mean field ordered state, but appear robust to weak disorder as they are largely consistent with those displayed by nonstoichiometric crushed single crystals and single crystals, as well as by powder samples of Yb2Ti2O7's sister quantum magnet Yb2Sn2O7. C1 [Gaudet, J.; Kermarrec, E.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Mat Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Ross, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gaudet, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Kermarrec, Edwin/0000-0002-3467-5482 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-094472]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We wish to thank Jan Kycia for collaborations and discussion related to heat capacity measurements. We thank C. Wiebe and H. Zhou formaking their data available to this work. The neutron scattering data were reduced using Mantid [38] and analyzed using DAVE software package [39]. Research using ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The NIST Center for Neutron Research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-094472. Work at McMaster University was supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 064406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.064406 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DC7KB UT WOS:000369397600004 ER PT J AU Zou, A Chanana, A Agrawal, A Wayner, PC Maroo, SC AF Zou, An Chanana, Ashish Agrawal, Amit Wayner, Peter C., Jr. Maroo, Shalabh C. TI Steady State Vapor Bubble in Pool Boiling SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RECEDING CONTACT ANGLES; HEAT-TRANSFER; INFRARED THERMOMETRY; EVAPORATING MENISCUS; SOLID-SURFACES; NUCLEATE; MICROLAYER; MODEL; GROWTH; WATER AB Boiling, a dynamic and multiscale process, has been studied for several decades; however, a comprehensive understanding of the process is still lacking. The bubble ebullition cycle, which occurs over millisecond time-span, makes it extremely challenging to study near-surface interfacial characteristics of a single bubble. Here, we create a steady-state vapor bubble that can remain stable for hours in a pool of sub-cooled water using a femtosecond laser source. The stability of the bubble allows us to measure the contact-angle and perform in-situ imaging of the contact-line region and the microlayer, on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and in both degassed and regular (with dissolved air) water. The early growth stage of vapor bubble in degassed water shows a completely wetted bubble base with the microlayer, and the bubble does not depart from the surface due to reduced liquid pressure in the microlayer. Using experimental data and numerical simulations, we obtain permissible range of maximum heat transfer coefficient possible in nucleate boiling and the width of the evaporating layer in the contact-line region. This technique of creating and measuring fundamental characteristics of a stable vapor bubble will facilitate rational design of nanostructures for boiling enhancement and advance thermal management in electronics. C1 [Zou, An; Maroo, Shalabh C.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Chanana, Ashish] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wayner, Peter C., Jr.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Maroo, SC (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM scmaroo@syr.edu OI Zou, An/0000-0003-3780-411X FU National Science Foundation [1445946, ECCS-15420819]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1445946. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECCS-15420819). A. A. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award#70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 20240 DI 10.1038/srep20240 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DD2WO UT WOS:000369783100001 PM 26837464 ER PT J AU You, L Ahn, JJ Obeng, YS Kopanski, JJ AF You, Lin Ahn, Jung-Joon Obeng, Yaw S. Kopanski, Joseph J. TI Subsurface imaging of metal lines embedded in a dielectric with a scanning microwave microscope SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; sub-surface imaging; scanning microwave microscopy; atomic force microscopy; interface/surface; non-destructive; back end of line ID RESOLUTION; RELIABILITY AB We demonstrate the ability of the scanning microwave microscope (SMM) to detect subsurface metal lines embedded in a dielectric film with sub-micrometer resolution. The SMM was used to image 1.2 mu m-wide Al-Si-Cu metal lines encapsulated with either 800 nm or 2300 nm of plasma deposited silicon dioxide. Both the reflected microwave (S-11) amplitude and phase shifted near resonance frequency while the tip scanned across these buried lines. The shallower line edge could be resolved within 900 nm +/- 70 nm, while the deeper line was resolved within 1200 nm +/- 260 nm. The spatial resolution obtained in this work is substantially better that the 50 mu m previously reported in the literature. Our observations agree very well with the calculated change in peak frequency and phase using a simple lumped element model for an SMM with a resonant transmission line. By conducting experiments at various eigenmodes, different contrast levels and signal-to-noise ratios have been compared. With detailed sensitivity studies, centered around 9.3 GHz, it has been revealed that the highest amplitude contrast is obtained when the probe microwave frequency matches the exact resonance frequency of the experimental setup. By RLC equivalent circuit modeling of the tip-sample system, two competing effects have been identified to account for the positive and negative S-11 amplitude and phase contrasts, which can be leveraged to further improve the contrast and resolution. C1 [You, Lin; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Obeng, Yaw S.; Kopanski, Joseph J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP You, L (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lin.you@nist.gov; joseph.kopanski@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 3 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/4/045502 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DA8ZT UT WOS:000368096500032 ER PT J AU Murphy, TA Wade, RA Carcione, BC AF Murphy, Todd A. Wade, Ryan A. Carcione, Brian C. TI Observations and Operational Considerations of the 4 June 2013 Chaff Event in Northern Alabama SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED MOMENT ESTIMATION; DOPPLER SPECTRA; RADAR AB On 4 June 2013, a military chaff release occurred near Huntsville, Alabama, within the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) mesoscale network. This event was unusual because the chaff remained in the atmosphere-maintaining a radar echo on nearby weather radars-for nearly 10 h after the initial release. This paper examines the radar evolution of the chaff event, supplemented by environmental observations using the UAH profiling equipment. Additionally, unique operational considerations faced by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Huntsville are addressed. C1 [Murphy, Todd A.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, 700 Univ Ave, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. [Wade, Ryan A.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Carcione, Brian C.] Natl Weather Serv, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Murphy, TA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Monroe, 700 Univ Ave, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM murphy@ulm.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 BP 34 EP 45 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MO UT WOS:000372905000001 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Edmunds, RC Redig, MG Mudrock, EM Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Edmunds, Richard C. Redig, Maria G. Mudrock, Emma M. Davis, Jay W. Incardona, John P. Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Confirmation of Stormwater Bioretention Treatment Effectiveness Using Molecular Indicators of Cardiovascular Toxicity in Developing Fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN; CRUDE-OIL; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; SOIL BIORETENTION; DEVELOPING HEARTS; CARDIAC TOXICITY; EXXON-VALDEZ; ZEBRAFISH AB Urban stormwater runoff is a globally significant threat to the ecological integrity of aquatic habitats. Green stormwater infrastructure methods such as bioretention are increasingly used to improve water quality by filtering chemical contaminants that may be harmful to fish and other species. Ubiquitous examples of toxics in runoff from highways and other impervious surfaces include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Certain PAHs are known to cause functional and structural defects in developing fish hearts. Therefore, abnormal heart development in fish can be a sensitive measure of clean water technology effectiveness. Here we use the zebrafish experimental model to assess the effects of untreated runoff on the expression of genes that are classically responsive to contaminant exposures, as well as heart -related genes that may underpin the familiar cardiotoxicity phenotype. Further, we assess the effectiveness of soil bioretention for treating runoff, as measured by prevention of both visible cardiac toxicity and corresponding gene regulation. We find that contaminants in the dissolved phase of runoff (e.g., PAHs) are cardiotoxic and that soil bioretention protects against these harmful effects. Molecular markers were more sensitive than visible toxicity indicators, and several cardiac -related genes show promise as, novel tools for evaluating the effectiveness of evolving stormwater mitigation strategies. C1 [McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Mudrock, Emma M.; Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 West Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Associateship Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Redig, Maria G.] Evergreen State Coll, 2700 Pkwy NW, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 West Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 [DW-14-95791701-1]; Washington Sea Grant (NOAA) [NA14OAR4170078]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program) FX This project was funded with grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 (DW-14-95791701-1) and Washington Sea Grant (NOAA Award No. NA14OAR4170078), with additional support from the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program). Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04786 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8LO UT WOS:000369471300056 PM 26727247 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Edmunds, RC Anulacion, BF Davis, JW Incardona, JP Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Edmunds, Richard C. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Davis, Jay W. Incardona, John P. Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Severe Coal Tar Sealcoat Runoff Toxicity to Fish Is Prevented by Bioretention Filtration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CELL-LINE; SOIL BIORETENTION; DEVELOPING HEARTS; CARDIAC TOXICITY; IN-VIVO; PAHS; OIL AB Coal tar sealcoats applied to asphalt surfaces in North America, east of the Continental Divide, are enriched in petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The release of PAHs and other chemicals from sealcoat has the potential to contaminate nearby water bodies, reducing the resiliency of aquatic communities. Despite this, relatively little is known about the aquatic toxicology of sealcoat-derived contaminants. We assessed the impacts of stormwater runoff from sealcoated asphalt on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). We furthermore evaluated the effectiveness of bioretention as a green stormwater method to remove PAHs and reduce lethal and sublethal toxicity in both species. We applied a coal tar sealcoat to conventional asphalt and collected runoff from simulated rainfall events up to 7 months postapplication. Whereas sealcoat runoff was more acutely lethal to salmon, a spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities was consistently evident in early life stage zebrafish. Soil bioretention effectively reduced PAH concentrations by an order of magnitude, prevented mortality in juvenile salmon, and significantly reduced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. Our findings show that inexpensive bioretention methods can markedly improve stormwater quality and protect fish health. C1 [McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Council Associates Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 [DW-14-95791701-1]; Washington Sea Grant (NOAA) [NA14OAR4170078]; National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program) FX This project was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 (DW-14-95791701-1) and Washington Sea Grant (NOAA Award No. NA14OAR4170078), with additional support from the National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Environmental Contaminants Program). The findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring agencies. Peter Van Metre and Barbara Mahler (USGS) provided helpful suggestions during project planning. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1570 EP 1578 DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b04928 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8LO UT WOS:000369471300057 PM 26654684 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Thompson, James K. TI Strong coupling on a forbidden transition in strontium and nondestructive atom counting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS; STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; BACK-ACTION; CAVITY; PHOTON; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; LINEWIDTH; METROLOGY; LOGIC AB We observe strong collective coupling between an optical cavity and the forbidden spin singlet to triplet optical transition S-1(0) to P-3(1) in an ensemble of Sr-88. Despite the transition being 1000 times weaker than a typical dipole transition, we observe a well-resolved vacuum Rabi splitting. We use the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to make nondestructive measurements of atomic population with the equivalent of projection-noise limited sensitivity between subsequent measurements and with minimal heating [< 0.01 (photon recoils)/atom]. This technique may be used to enhance the performance of optical lattice clocks by generating entangled states and reducing dead time. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors acknowledge Karl H. Mayer and Matthew N. Winchester for contributions to the experimental apparatus, as well as Jun Ye, Travis Nicholson, and Sara Campbell for strontium advice, and Wei Zhang for providing reference light. All authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 2 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 023804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023804 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC6YB UT WOS:000369364400009 ER PT J AU Drexler, ES McColskey, JD Dvorak, M Rustagi, N Lauria, DS Slifka, AJ AF Drexler, E. S. McColskey, J. D. Dvorak, M. Rustagi, N. Lauria, D. S. Slifka, A. J. TI Apparatus for Accelerating Measurements of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth at Low Frequency SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Multi-specimen apparatus; Fatigue; Low frequency ID STEEL AB Testing the fatigue crack growth of materials at low frequencies and realistic stress intensity factors has historically demanded a large investment in time. Running a test at a frequency less than 1 Hz can take weeks, and if meaningful statistics are needed, 2-3 months might be necessary to provide one set of data on the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). A means of reducing that time frame by testing as many as 10 specimens simultaneously is presented. With this innovative design, compact tension specimens are run in series and according to ASTM Standard E647. Furthermore, there is no need to interrupt the fatigue testing of the linked specimens should one or more finish before the others. Specimens tested in this fashion generate consistent data of FCGR. C1 [Drexler, E. S.; McColskey, J. D.; Dvorak, M.; Rustagi, N.; Lauria, D. S.; Slifka, A. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM drexler@boulder.nist.gov FU US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [DTPH56-09-T-00005] FX The authors acknowledge the US Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Contract Number: DTPH56-09-T-00005, for their financial support. We thank James Merritt of the DOT/PHMSA for his advice and support. The authors also thank K.R. Eason, P.G. Keefe, A.E. Stevenson, R.T. Condon, and D. Greer for their contributions to this work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0732-8818 EI 1747-1567 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 40 IS 1 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s40799-016-0045-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DX9YE UT WOS:000384752200043 ER PT J AU Goshima, H Forney-Stevens, KM Liu, M Qian, KK Tyagi, M Cicerone, MT Pikal, MJ AF Goshima, Hiroshika Forney-Stevens, Kelly M. Liu, Ming Qian, Ken K. Tyagi, Madhusudan Cicerone, Marcus T. Pikal, Michael J. TI Addition of Monovalent Electrolytes to Improve Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE protein formulation; stability; freeze drying; lyophilization; glass dynamics; mobility; free volume; PALS; mean square displacement; neutron scattering ID ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE; POSITRON LIFETIME; AMORPHOUS PHARMACEUTICALS; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; CHEMICAL-STABILITY; THERMAL-TREATMENT; PVT EXPERIMENTS; SUCROSE LEVEL AB This study investigates the effect of low levels of electrolytes on storage stability in freeze-dried sucrose-based protein formulations. Both bovine serum albumin and recombinant human serum albumin were freeze dried with sucrose and alkali halides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) at selected low levels. All formulations were stored at 50 degrees C and 65 degrees C up to 2 months and then assayed for protein aggregation. The data demonstrate that low levels of LiCl and NaCl enhance stability. No obvious correlations with either protein secondary structure or global dynamics (structural relaxation time) were found. However, good correlations were found between stability and both free-volume hole size via positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and fast dynamics by neutron scattering. Volume changes on mixing and the partial molal volume of salt were also studied in an effort to detect decreases in free volume. These data did not support the hypothesis that reduction in free volume was the primary mechanism for salt-induced stabilization. Finally, a positive effect of postlyophilization annealing on stability was demonstrated. In summary, we find that small amounts of LiCl and NaCl significantly stabilize these proteins, which is a result at variance with conventional formulation wisdom. (C) 2016 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goshima, Hiroshika; Forney-Stevens, Kelly M.; Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Liu, Ming] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Qian, Ken K.; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM michael.pikal@uconn.edu FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge partial support from NIH/NIBIB under grant R01 EB006398-01A1. The authors are grateful to Dr. Jack Gromek at the Institute of Materials Science (IMS) at University of Connecticut for using PXRD and also would like to express appreciation to Dr. Norman Chieng and Dr. Puneet Sharma for discussions. This work used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Certain trade names and company products are identified in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or does it imply that the instruments, materials, or suppliers identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3549 EI 1520-6017 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 105 IS 2 BP 530 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA DT8TQ UT WOS:000381768500017 PM 26869416 ER PT J AU Wiebe, PH Harris, R Gislason, A Margonski, P Skjoldal, HR Benfield, M Hay, S O'Brien, T Valdes, L AF Wiebe, Peter H. Harris, Roger Gislason, Astthor Margonski, Piotr Skjoldal, Hein Rune Benfield, Mark Hay, Steve O'Brien, Todd Valdes, Luis TI The ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology: Accomplishments of the first 25 years SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID MARINE ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; CALANUS; GROWTH; OPC AB The ICES Study Group on Zooplankton Ecology was created in 1991 to address issues of current and future concern within the field of zooplankton ecology. Within three years it became the ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology (ICES WGZE) and this unique group in the worlds oceanographic community has now been active for 25 years. This article reviews and synthesizes the products, and major accomplishments of the group. Achievements of the group, including the Zooplankton Methodology Manual, the Zooplankton Status Reports, and the International Zooplankton Symposia, have had an important impact on the wider field. Among the future issues that remain to be addressed by the group are the assessment of exploratory fisheries on zooplankton and micronekton species; further development of the zooplankton time-series; compilation and integration of allometric relationships for zooplankton species, and evaluation of new methodologies for the study of zooplankton distribution, abundance, physiology, and genetics. Marine science is an increasingly global undertaking and groups such as the ICES WGZE will continue to be essential to the advancement of understanding of zooplankton community structure and population dynamics in the worlds oceans. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiebe, Peter H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harris, Roger] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Gislason, Astthor] Marine Res Inst, POB 1390,Sklugata 4, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Margonski, Piotr] Natl Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Dept Fisheries Oceanog & Marine Ecol, Ul Kollataja 91, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland. [Skjoldal, Hein Rune] Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5017 Bergen, Norway. [Benfield, Mark] Louisiana State Univ, Coll Coast &Environment, 2271 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hay, Steve] Marine Scotland Sci, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [O'Brien, Todd] NOAA, NMFS Sci & Technol, Marine Ecosyst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Valdes, Luis] UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Head Ocean Sci Sect, 1 Rue Miollis, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Wiebe, PH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM pwiebe@whoi.edu OI Margonski, Piotr/0000-0002-8767-1880 FU ICES FX We thank ICES for supporting the group's existence during the past 25 years and for providing support for symposia, and symposium volumes. We thank the ICES Delegates for funding the travel for the ICES members they appointed to attend the meetings. We thank all of the individuals who have attended the WGZE meetings over the years (a full list of attendees is provided in Appendix B) and provided important input both at the meetings and by their intersessional contributions. Finally, we thank the five reviewers who provided valuable suggestions and editorial advice for improving this manuscript. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 141 BP 179 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.009 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO9IZ UT WOS:000378101200013 ER PT J AU Hobday, AJ Alexander, LV Perkins, SE Smale, DA Straub, SC Oliver, ECJ Benthuysen, JA Burrows, MT Donat, MG Peng, M Holbrook, NJ Moore, PJ Scannell, HA Sen Gupta, A Wernberg, T AF Hobday, Alistair J. Alexander, Lisa V. Perkins, Sarah E. Smale, Dan A. Straub, Sandra C. Oliver, Eric C. J. Benthuysen, Jessica A. Burrows, Michael T. Donat, Markus G. Peng, Ming Holbrook, Neil J. Moore, Pippa J. Scannell, Hillary A. Sen Gupta, Alex Wernberg, Thomas TI A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL BLEACHING EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEAT WAVES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; MANAGEMENT; EXTREMES; IMPACTS; OCEAN AB Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been observed around the world and are expected to increase in intensity and frequency under anthropogenic climate change. A variety of impacts have been associated with these anomalous events, including shifts in species ranges, local extinctions and economic impacts on seafood industries through declines in important fishery species and impacts on aquaculture. Extreme temperatures are increasingly seen as important influences on biological systems, yet a consistent definition of MHWs does not exist. A clear definition will facilitate retrospective comparisons between MHWs, enabling the synthesis and a mechanistic understanding of the role of MHWs in marine ecosystems. Building on research into atmospheric heatwaves, we propose both a general and specific definition for MHWs, based on a hierarchy of metrics that allow for different data sets to be used in identifying MHWs. We generally define a MHW as a prolonged discrete anomalously warm water event that can be described by its duration, intensity, rate of evolution, and spatial extent. Specifically, we consider an anomalously warm event to be a MHW if it lasts for five or more days, with temperatures warmer than the 90th percentile based on a 30-year historical baseline period. This structure provides flexibility with regard to the description of MHWs and transparency in communicating MHWs to a general audience. The use of these metrics is illustrated for three 21st century MHWs; the northern Mediterranean event in 2003, the Western Australia Ningaloo Nino in 2011, and the northwest Atlantic event in 2012. We recommend a specific quantitative definition for MHWs to facilitate global comparisons and to advance our understanding of these phenomena. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Perkins, Sarah E.; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Donat, Markus G.; Holbrook, Neil J.; Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Perkins, Sarah E.; Donat, Markus G.; Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Smale, Dan A.] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Smale, Dan A.; Straub, Sandra C.; Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Smale, Dan A.; Straub, Sandra C.; Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Oliver, Eric C. J.; Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Benthuysen, Jessica A.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Peng, Ming] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Perth, WA, Australia. [Moore, Pippa J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Scannell, Hillary A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scannell, Hillary A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hobday, AJ (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RI Wernberg, Thomas/B-4172-2010; Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010; OI Wernberg, Thomas/0000-0003-1185-9745; Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092; Oliver, Eric/0000-0002-4006-2826; Moore, Pippa/0000-0002-9889-2216 FU University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Award; UWA School of Plant Biology synthesis grant; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS); ARC [DE140100952, DE150100456, CE110001028, FT110100174, FS110200029]; NERC [IRF NE/K008439/1, NE/J024082/1]; Marie Curie CIG [PCIG10-GA-2011-303685] FX This contribution is an outcome from the working group 'Marine Heatwaves - physical drivers and properties' hosted at the UWA Oceans Institute by TW, DAS, NJH and ECJO. The working group received support from a University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Award, a UWA School of Plant Biology synthesis grant, and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCSS). This work contributes to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Grand Challenge on Extremes. The workshop, and this paper, makes a contribution to the interests and activities of the International Commission on Climate of IAMAS/IUGG. NOAA High Resolution SST data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Insightful comments from two reviewers and the editor helped refine our manuscript. This paper is recorded as PMEL contribution number 4403. SEP was supported by ARC grant number DE140100952, MGD by ARC grant DE150100456, LVA by ARC grant number CE110001028, DS by NERC IRF NE/K008439/1, TW by ARC grant number FT110100174. MTB was supported by NERC grant NE/J024082/1, JB acknowledges support from CE110001028, ECJO by ARC grant numbers FS110200029 and CE110001028, PJM by Marie Curie CIG PCIG10-GA-2011-303685 and NERC grant NE/J024082/1. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 141 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO9IZ UT WOS:000378101200016 ER PT J AU Bellur, K Konduru, V Kulshreshtha, M Tyrewala, D Medici, E Allen, JS Choi, CK Hussey, DS Jacobson, DC Leao, JB McQuillen, J Hermanson, J Tamilarasan, A AF Bellur, Kishan Konduru, Vinaykumar Kulshreshtha, Manan Tyrewala, Daanish Medici, Ezequiel Allen, Jeffrey S. Choi, Chang Kyoung Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David C. Leao, Juscelino B. McQuillen, John Hermanson, James Tamilarasan, Arun TI Contact Angle Measurement of Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) in Stainless Steel and Aluminum Cells SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item C1 [Bellur, Kishan; Konduru, Vinaykumar; Kulshreshtha, Manan; Tyrewala, Daanish; Medici, Ezequiel; Allen, Jeffrey S.; Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David C.; Leao, Juscelino B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McQuillen, John] NASA Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH USA. [Hermanson, James; Tamilarasan, Arun] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bellur, K (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 AR 020904 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DO8WN UT WOS:000378066200006 ER PT J AU Jaecks, T Bond, MH Quinn, TP AF Jaecks, Troy Bond, Morgan H. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Can dietary reliance on Pacific salmon eggs create otolith Sr/Ca signatures that mimic anadromy in resident salmonids? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Anadromy; Elemental analysis; Microchemistry; Migration; Otolith; Pacific salmon ID DOLLY VARDEN; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARINE FISH; PARTIAL MIGRATION; DIADROMOUS FISH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARINE FISH; STRONTIUM; CHEMISTRY; BARIUM AB Many aspects of the ecology, growth, life history, and population dynamics of fishes differ between anadromous populations and those residing exclusively in freshwater habitats. Analysis of the elemental composition of otoliths (ear stones) is commonly used to indicate the migration history of individuals, relying on the differences in ambient concentrations of calcium, strontium, and barium and their subsequent incorporation into calcified structures. Dietary contribution to otolith chemistry is often overlooked, but in this study we report results consistent with the possibility that reliance on food resources derived from the ocean via Pacific salmon can produce otolith Sr/Ca ratios suggesting anadromy in freshwater resident fish. Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, from the Iliamna River, Alaska feed very heavily on eggs and other tissues from sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, and their otoliths had Sr/Ca ratios typical of fish making seasonal migrations to marine waters but the Ba/Ca ratios were consistent with residence in fresh water. Water samples from the river provided no indication that the elevated Sr concentrations came from the river. A simulation of otolith chemistry resulting from Sr incorporation from both water and diet across a range of published values in salmonids indicates that a diet of salmon eggs and tissues can produce marine Sr/Ca ratios while fish remain in fresh water. Without experimental evidence such as a controlled diet study these results are suggestive but not conclusive. Nevertheless, they send a cautionary note that in some cases heavy reliance on marine-derived food sources might affect otolith microchemistry, creating an appearance of anadromy in fish that did not leave fresh water. C1 [Jaecks, Troy] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Sport Fish, POB 110024, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Jaecks, Troy; Bond, Morgan H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bond, Morgan H.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bond, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mobond@u.washington.edu FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Sport Fish; H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington FX This study was supported by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Sport Fish, and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment at the University of Washington, with permits from the AGF&G and University of Washington IACUC. We thank Cody Larson, Ian Fo and Craig Schwanke, among others, for assistance with field collections. Kathy Smikrud generously provided the map of sampling locations. Comments on earlier drafts and suggestions during the project's development were provided by David Beauchamp, Keith Denton and Daniel Schindler (UW). We thank Randy Brown (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), Chris Zimmerman (U.S. Geological Service), and Jessica Miller (Oregon State University) for unpublished data, assistance with sample processing and interpretation, and comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful advice that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0470-4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1KM UT WOS:000374671000007 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Hyde, JR Robertson, L Vetter, R AF Pribyl, Alena L. Hyde, John R. Robertson, Larry Vetter, Russell TI Defining an ideal temperature range for the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caeruleus SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Pacific sardine; Physiology; Temperature; Stress response; Heat shock proteins; Enzyme kinetics ID CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM; HEAT-SHOCK; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; FISHES; ACCLIMATION; CORTISOL; STRESS AB The aim of this study was to determine a physiologically "ideal" temperature range of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caeruleus) from the northern stock by assessing the effects of cumulatively increasing or decreasing temperature on their stress physiology. Sardines collected off the coast of Southern California during late spring and late fall were exposed to cumulatively increasing or decreasing temperatures that reached +/-8 degrees C from their acclimation temperature over a period of approximately one month. Blood plasma and tissue samples were collected at every 2 degrees C temperature change. Measurements included plasma cortisol, expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90, HOP) in liver tissue, expression of an immune gene (IgM) in liver tissue, and Michaelis-Menton (K-m) determinations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS) from white and red muscle tissue, respectively. Critical thermal minimum and maximum temperatures were also measured to identify the outer edges of their thermal tolerance. Feeding behavior ceased and plasma cortisol was elevated at the lowest temperature, while Hsp90 and K-m(pyr) (LDH) values were elevated at the highest temperatures to which sardines were exposed. An additional finding was that V-max of LDH increased with increasing condition factor, indicating the occurrence of metabolic scaling in Pacific sardine. Critical thermal minimums and maximums for sardines acclimated to 15 degrees C and 17 degrees C were 3.4 degrees C-29.1 degrees C and 4.8 degrees C-29.9 degrees C, respectively. This study indicates Pacific sardine from the northern stock have a physiologic ideal temperature range of 9 degrees C-19 degrees C for 15 degrees C acclimated sardines and 11 degrees C-21 degrees C for 17 degrees C acclimated sardines. C1 [Pribyl, Alena L.; Hyde, John R.; Robertson, Larry; Vetter, Russell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@gmail.com RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU National Research Council FX We thank the Everingham Brothers Bait Company for providing us with Pacific sardine for the experiments and the maintenance personnel at the SWFSC for maintaining the boilers to heat seawater. We thank the National Research Council for funding A. Pribyl's postdoctoral fellowship with J. Hyde and R. Vetter at NOAA's SWFSC. We also thank N. Lo and N. Wegner for early reviews of the paper and constructive comments as well as the journal reviewers. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0473-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1KM UT WOS:000374671000010 ER PT J AU Qin, J Silver, RM Barnes, BM Zhou, H Dixson, RG Henn, MA AF Qin, Jing Silver, Richard M. Barnes, Bryan M. Zhou, Hui Dixson, Ronald G. Henn, Mark-Alexander TI Deep subwavelength nanometric image reconstruction using Fourier domain optical normalization SO LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE computational microscopy; light scattering; metrology; quantitative nanoscale microscopy; sub-nanometer uncertainties ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; INFORMATION; SCATTERING; METROLOGY; TRACKING AB Quantitative optical measurements of deep subwavelength, three-dimensional (3D), nanometric structures with sensitivity to sub-nanometer details address a ubiquitous measurement challenge. A Fourier domain normalization approach is used in the Fourier optical imaging code to simulate the full 3D scattered light field of nominally 15 nm-sized structures, accurately replicating the light field as a function of the focus position. Using the full 3D light field, nanometer scale details such as a 2 nm thin conformal oxide and nanometer topography are rigorously fitted for features less than one-thirtieth of the wavelength in size. The densely packed structures are positioned nearly an order of magnitude closer than the conventional Rayleigh resolution limit and can be measured with sub-nanometer parametric uncertainties. This approach enables a practical measurement sensitivity to size variations of only a few atoms in size using a high-throughput optical configuration with broad application in measuring nanometric structures and nanoelectronic devices. C1 [Qin, Jing; Silver, Richard M.; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Dixson, Ronald G.; Henn, Mark-Alexander] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM silver@nist.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, CHANGCHUN INST OPTICS FINE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS PI CHANGCHUN PA 3888, DONGNANHU ROAD, CHANGCHUN, 130033, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2047-7538 J9 LIGHT-SCI APPL JI Light-Sci. Appl. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 5 AR e16038 DI 10.1038/lsa.2016.38 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DJ8LB UT WOS:000374462700003 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Dahlheim, ME Waite, JM Emmons, CK Marshall, KN Chasco, BE Balcomb, KC AF Ward, E. J. Dahlheim, M. E. Waite, J. M. Emmons, C. K. Marshall, K. N. Chasco, B. E. Balcomb, K. C., III TI Long-distance migration of prey synchronizes demographic rates of top predators across broad spatial scales SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE correlated population dynamics; killer whales; long-distance migration; Moran effect; predator-prey; salmon; synchrony ID RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ORCINUS-ORCA; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTH-AMERICA; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; ALASKA AB Reproductively and geographically isolated populations of predators may be synchronized by a phenomenon known as the Moran effect-specifically if they exhibit common responses to external processes, such as climate, density dependence (parasites, disease), or prey. Prey has the ability to synchronize predators if geographically isolated predator populations target the same prey species, or if the migration and range of the prey species occurs over a large enough scale to be available to multiple predator populations. The objective of our study was to investigate evidence for correlations of demographic rates between geographically isolated populations of piscivorous killer whales in the Northeast Pacific; using long-term mark-recapture datasets collected over the last 30+ yrs, we constructed a hierarchical occupancy model, linking models of survival and fecundity in a single framework. We found strong support for synchronized demographic rates in Southeast Alaska and Southern Resident killer whales, which are geographically and reproductively isolated. Despite their isolation, they experience extremely correlated dynamics-the correlation in fecundity rates between populations exceeds 0.9. The correlation in demographic rates across these populations of killer whales in different regions of the Northeast Pacific Ocean suggests a common environmental driver. Both killer whale populations are known to prey on Chinook salmon, which have a long-distance coastal migration larger than the habitat range of killer whales. Many of these Chinook salmon are also of the same origin (southern stocks), suggesting that these populations not only consume the same prey species but the same prey populations. C1 [Ward, E. J.; Emmons, C. K.; Marshall, K. N.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dahlheim, M. E.; Waite, J. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chasco, B. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Balcomb, K. C., III] Ctr Whale Res, 355 Smugglers Cove Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2016 VL 7 IS 2 AR e01276 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1276 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4NX UT WOS:000374896300018 ER PT J AU Schultz, NE Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Ross, RB Thommes, M Shen, VK Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Schultz, Nathan E. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Ross, Richard B. Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI The Eighth Industrial Fluids Properties Simulation Challenge SO ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Molecular simulation; activated carbon; adsorption; perfluorohexane; organic compounds ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE; FORCE-FIELD; PREDICTING ADSORPTION; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PERFLUOROHEXANE ADSORPTION AB The goal of the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in activated carbon materials. In particular, the eighth challenge focused on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon BAM-P109. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption in the carbon at 273 K and relative pressures of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. The predictions were judged by comparison with a benchmark set of experimentally determined values. Overall, good agreement and consistency were found between the predictions of most entrants. C1 [Schultz, Nathan E.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Ross, Richard B.] 3M Co, Ctr 3M, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, Ctr 3M, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 FU 3M Company; BP Amoco; Dow Chemical Company; DuPont; Exxon Mobil; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: We would like to thank the 3M Company, BP Amoco, The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation for their financial support. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0263-6174 EI 2048-4038 J9 ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL JI Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1177/0263617415619521 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DJ5ZL UT WOS:000374289400001 PM 27840542 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Aeschliman, DB Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Brostrom, ML Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Poirier, DM Thommes, M Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Ross, Richard B. Aeschliman, David B. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Brostrom, Myles L. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Poirier, Derrick M. Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI Adsorption, X-ray diffraction, photoelectron, and atomic emission spectroscopy benchmark studies for the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; adsorption; activated carbon; BAM-P109 activated carbon AB The primary goal of the eighth industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in activated carbon materials. The challenge focused on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon standard BAM-P109. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the activated carbon at a temperature of 273K and at relative pressures of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6. The relative pressure (P/P-o) is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the fluid model at a given temperature (273K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a set of experimentally determined values, which are published here for the first time and were not disclosed to the entrants prior to the challenge. Benchmark experimental studies, described herein, were also carried out and provided to entrants in order to aid in the development of new force fields and simulation methods to be employed in the challenge. These studies included argon, carbon dioxide, and water adsorption in the BAM-P109 activated carbon as well as X-ray diffraction, X-ray microtomography, photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectroscopy studies of BAM-P109. Several concurrent studies were carried out for the BAM-P108 activated carbon. These are included in the current manuscript for comparison. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Aeschliman, David B.; Brostrom, Myles L.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Poirier, Derrick M.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0263-6174 EI 2048-4038 J9 ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL JI Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 41 DI 10.1177/0263617415619541 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DJ5ZL UT WOS:000374289400002 PM 27840543 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Anderson, N Phillips, WD Eckel, S Campbell, GK Stringari, S AF Kumar, A. Anderson, N. Phillips, W. D. Eckel, S. Campbell, G. K. Stringari, S. TI Minimally destructive, Doppler measurement of a quantized flow in a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomtronic devices; persistent currents; superfluidity ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; PROPAGATION; VORTEX; SOUND; GAS AB The Doppler effect, the shift in the frequency of sound due to motion, is present in both classical gases and quantum superfluids. Here, we perform an in situ, minimally destructive measurement, of the persistent current in a ring-shaped, superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate using the Doppler effect. Phonon modes generated in this condensate have their frequencies Doppler shifted by a persistent current. This frequency shift will cause a standing-wave phonon mode to be 'dragged' along with the persistent current. By measuring this precession, one can extract the background flow velocity. This technique will find utility in experiments where the winding number is important, such as in emerging 'atomtronic' devices. C1 [Kumar, A.; Anderson, N.; Phillips, W. D.; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, A.; Anderson, N.; Phillips, W. D.; Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stringari, S.] Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy. [Stringari, S.] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gcampbe1@umd.edu FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through PFC at JQI; QUIC grant of Horizon 2020 FET program; Provincia Autonoma di Trento FX This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. SS acknowledges the support of the QUIC grant of the Horizon 2020 FET program and of Provincia Autonoma di Trento. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 025001 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025001 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH0GY UT WOS:000372462400001 ER PT J AU Liew, SF Ge, L Redding, B Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Liew, Seng Fatt Ge, Li Redding, Brandon Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Controlling a microdisk laser by local refractive index perturbation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAGUERRE-GAUSSIAN MODES; QUANTUM-DOT; EMISSION; DIODES AB We demonstrate a simple yet effective approach of controlling lasing in a semiconductor microdisk by photo-thermal effect. A continuous wave green laser beam, focused onto the microdisk perimeter, can enhance or suppress lasing in different cavity modes, depending on the position of the focused beam. Its main effect is a local modification of the refractive index of the disk, which results in an increase in the power slope of some lasing modes and a decrease of others. The boundary roughness breaks the rotational symmetry of a circular disk, allowing the lasing process to be tuned by varying the green beam position. Using the same approach, we can also fine tune the relative intensity of a quasi-degenerate pair of lasing modes. Such post-fabrication control, enabled by an additional laser beam, is flexible and reversible, thus enhancing the functionality of semiconductor microdisk lasers. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Liew, Seng Fatt; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ge, Li] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu FU MURI from U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0649]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1205307, DMR-1506987]; YINQE; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1119826] FX This work was supported by the MURI Grant No. N00014-13-1-0649 from the U.S. Office of Naval Research and by the National Science Foundation under the Grant Nos. DMR-1205307 and DMR-1506987. Facilities use was supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC DMR-1119826. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 AR 051105 DI 10.1063/1.4940229 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PD UT WOS:000373055700005 ER PT J AU Scales, KL Miller, PI Ingram, SN Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Phillips, RA AF Scales, Kylie L. Miller, Peter I. Ingram, Simon N. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Phillips, Richard A. TI Identifying predictable foraging habitats for a wide-ranging marine predator using ensemble ecological niche models SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE albatross; biologging; Boosted Regression Trees; front map; generalized additive models; habitat model; Random Forest; satellite remote sensing ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GREY-HEADED ALBATROSS; BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES; POLAR FRONTAL ZONE; SOUTH GEORGIA; THALASSARCHE-CHRYSOSTOMA; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; TOP PREDATOR AB Aim Ecological niche modelling can provide valuable insight into species' environmental preferences and aid the identification of key habitats for populations of conservation concern. Here, we integrate biologging, satellite remote-sensing and ensemble ecological niche models (EENMs) to identify predictable foraging habitats for a globally important population of the grey-headed albatross (GHA) Thalassarche chrysostoma Location Bird Island, South Georgia; Southern Atlantic Ocean. Methods GPS and geolocation-immersion loggers were used to track at-sea movements and activity patterns of GHA over two breeding seasons (n = 55; brood-guard). Immersion frequency (landings per 10-min interval) was used to define foraging events. EENM combining Generalized Additive Models (GAM), MaxEnt, Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) identified the biophysical conditions characterizing the locations of foraging events, using time-matched oceanographic predictors (Sea Surface Temperature, SST; chlorophyll a, chl-a; thermal front frequency, TFreq; depth). Model performance was assessed through iterative cross-validation and extrapolative performance through cross-validation among years. Results Predictable foraging habitats identified by EENM spanned neritic (<500 m), shelf break and oceanic waters, coinciding with a set of persistent biophysical conditions characterized by particular thermal ranges (3-8 degrees C, 12-13 degrees C), elevated primary productivity (chl-a > 0.5 mg m(-3)) and frequent manifestation of mesoscale thermal fronts. Our results confirm previous indications that GHA exploit enhanced foraging opportunities associated with frontal systems and objectively identify the APFZ as a region of high foraging habitat suitability. Moreover, at the spatial and temporal scales investigated here, the performance of multi-model ensembles was superior to that of single-algorithm models, and cross-validation among years indicated reasonable extrapolative performance. Main conclusions EENM techniques are useful for integrating the predictions of several single-algorithm models, reducing potential bias and increasing confidence in predictions. Our analysis highlights the value of EENM for use with movement data in identifying at-sea habitats of wide-ranging marine predators, with clear implications for conservation and management. C1 [Scales, Kylie L.; Miller, Peter I.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Ingram, Simon N.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Scales, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kylie.scales@noaa.gov RI Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; OI Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; Scales, Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC; Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC) FX We are grateful to the fieldworkers who assisted with the tracking studies at Bird Island. The authors thank Drs. Stephen Votier and Beth Scott for useful discussions. This study represents a contribution to the Ecosystems Component of the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). KS carried out this work as part of NERC-funded doctoral studies at Plymouth Marine Laboratory (UK) and is now supported by the Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), a collaboration between the University of California, Santa Cruz and NOAA SWFSC Environmental Research Division. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 22 IS 2 BP 212 EP 224 DI 10.1111/ddi.12389 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6DX UT WOS:000372882300008 ER PT J AU Muller, R Kunz, A Hurst, DF Rolf, C Kramer, M Riese, M AF Mueller, Rolf Kunz, Anne Hurst, Dale F. Rolf, Christian Kraemer, Martina Riese, Martin TI The need for accurate long-term measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with global coverage SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE atmosphric water vapor; climate change; water vapor measurements; radiative forcing ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; HUMIDITY; HYGROMETER; SATELLITE; TRENDS; OZONE; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere although changes in carbon dioxide constitute the control knob for surface temperatures. While the latter fact is well recognized, resulting in extensive space-borne and ground-based measurement programs for carbon dioxide as detailed in the studies by Keeling et al. (1996), Kuze et al. (2009), and Liu et al. (2014), the need for an accurate characterization of the long-term changes in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric (UTLS) water vapor has not yet resulted in sufficiently extensive long-term international measurement programs (although first steps have been taken). Here, we argue for the implementation of a long-term balloon-borne measurement program for UTLS water vapor covering the entire globe that will likely have to be sustained for hundreds of years. C1 [Mueller, Rolf; Rolf, Christian; Kraemer, Martina; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kunz, Anne] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Res, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hurst, Dale F.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Muller, R (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res IEK 7, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM ro.mueller@fz-juelich.de RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Rolf, Christian/K-5275-2016 OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Rolf, Christian/0000-0001-5329-0054 FU European Commission [StratoClim-603557-FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2] FX We are grateful to Andreas Petzold, Herman Smit, Michiel van Weele, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the paper. We thank J. Carter-Sigglow for a grammatical and stylistic revision of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the European Commission under grant number StratoClim-603557-FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2. The data used in Figure 1 can be obtained by contacting the authors; data from the Boulder station (Figure 2) can be obtained from the following website: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD FEB PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1002/2015EF000321 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6WA UT WOS:000372931600004 ER PT J AU Lin, TJ Ver Eecke, HC Breves, EA Dyar, MD Jamieson, JW Hannington, MD Dahle, H Bishop, JL Lane, MD Butterfield, DA Kelley, DS Lilley, MD Baross, JA Holden, JF AF Lin, T. J. Ver Eecke, H. C. Breves, E. A. Dyar, M. D. Jamieson, J. W. Hannington, M. D. Dahle, H. Bishop, J. L. Lane, M. D. Butterfield, D. A. Kelley, D. S. Lilley, M. D. Baross, J. A. Holden, J. F. TI Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Juan de Fuca Ridge; hydrothermal vents; subsurface biosphere ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SP-NOV.; BLACK-SMOKER; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; VENT FLUIDS; GEN. NOV.; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; SUBSEAFLOOR HABITAT; VOLCANIC-ERUPTION AB Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mossbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282 degrees C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300 degrees C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321 degrees C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 100 degrees C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2- oxidation in the vent fluids, or O-2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall. C1 [Lin, T. J.; Ver Eecke, H. C.; Holden, J. F.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ver Eecke, H. C.; Breves, E. A.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Jamieson, J. W.; Hannington, M. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Jamieson, J. W.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Dahle, H.] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. [Bishop, J. L.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Lane, M. D.] Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kelley, D. S.; Lilley, M. D.; Baross, J. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holden, JF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jholden@microbio.umass.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences [OCE-0732611]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0731947]; JISAO under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank Eric Olson, Kevin Roe, Leigh Evans, My Christensen, Dmitry Tokar, Jacqueline Knutson, and the personnel onboard the R/V Atlantis and DSV Alvin for technical assistance. We also thank Richard Thomson of the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries, and Oceans Canada for providing the dissolved O2 data used to calculate redox energy. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Ocean Sciences grant OCE-0732611 (to JFH) and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0731947 (to DAB, DSK, and MD Lilley). This publication is partially funded by JISAO to DAB under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. JISAO contribution 2501, PMEL contribution 4423. This is PSI contribution 612 (MD Lane). Supporting data are included as five tables in an SI file. Any additional data not mentioned in databases in the text may be obtained from JFH (email: jholden@microbio.umass.edu). NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 300 EP 323 DI 10.1002/2015GC006091 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8TQ UT WOS:000373070100005 ER PT J AU Tagliabue, A Aumont, O DeAth, R Dunne, JP Dutkiewicz, S Galbraith, E Misumi, K Moore, JK Ridgwell, A Sherman, E Stock, C Vichi, M Volker, C Yool, A AF Tagliabue, Alessandro Aumont, Olivier DeAth, Ros Dunne, John P. Dutkiewicz, Stephanie Galbraith, Eric Misumi, Kazuhiro Moore, J. Keith Ridgwell, Andy Sherman, Elliot Stock, Charles Vichi, Marcello Voelker, Christoph Yool, Andrew TI How well do global ocean biogeochemistry models simulate dissolved iron distributions? SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE iron; ocean; biogeochemistry; climate; model ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WORLD OCEAN; PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; NATURAL FERTILIZATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; DUST DEPOSITION AB Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are relied upon to make projections about the impact of climate change on marine resources and test hypotheses regarding the drivers of past changes in climate and ecosystems. In large areas of the ocean, iron availability regulates the functioning of marine ecosystems and hence the ocean carbon cycle. Accordingly, our ability to quantify the drivers and impacts of fluctuations in ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling in space and time relies on first achieving an appropriate representation of the modern marine iron cycle in models. When the iron distributions from 13 global ocean biogeochemistry models are compared against the latest oceanic sections from the GEOTRACES program, we find that all models struggle to reproduce many aspects of the observed spatial patterns. Models that reflect the emerging evidence for multiple iron sources or subtleties of its internal cycling perform much better in capturing observed features than their simpler contemporaries, particularly in the ocean interior. We show that the substantial uncertainty in the input fluxes of iron results in a very wide range of residence times across models, which has implications for the response of ecosystems and global carbon cycling to perturbations. Given this large uncertainty, iron fertilization experiments based on any single current generation model should be interpreted with caution. Improvements to how such models represent iron scavenging and also biological cycling are needed to raise confidence in their projections of global biogeochemical change in the ocean. C1 [Tagliabue, Alessandro] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Aumont, Olivier] Inst Pierre Simon LaPlace, IRD LOCEAN, Paris, France. [DeAth, Ros; Ridgwell, Andy] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Dunne, John P.; Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Dutkiewicz, Stephanie] MIT, Ctr Global Change, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Galbraith, Eric] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Galbraith, Eric] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Galbraith, Eric] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Math, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Misumi, Kazuhiro] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Environm Sci Res Lab, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. [Moore, J. Keith; Sherman, Elliot] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Ridgwell, Andy] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Vichi, Marcello] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Vichi, Marcello] Nansen Tutu Ctr Marine Environm Res, Cape Town, South Africa. [Voelker, Christoph] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Yool, Andrew] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Tagliabue, A (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM a.tagliabue@liverpool.ac.uk RI Voelker, Christoph /I-7891-2012; Vichi, Marcello/B-8719-2008; OI Voelker, Christoph /0000-0003-3032-114X; Vichi, Marcello/0000-0002-0686-9634; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU N8 consortium; EPSRC [EP/K000225/1] FX We thank everyone that has been involved in the development of the FeMIP ocean models over many years. A.T. especially thanks Eric Achterberg, Andrew Bowie, Maarten Klunder, Joe Resing, Micha Rijkenberg, Mak Saito, Christian Schlosser, and Peter Sedwick for sharing DFe data sets ahead of their publication and Edward Mawji, Reiner Schlitzer, Elena Masferrer-Dodas, and the wider GEOTRACES community for their efforts in producing the Intermediate Data Product (2014) that facilitated this intercomparison. PISCES1 and PISCES2 simulations made use of the N8 HPC facilities, funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC grant EP/K000225/1. M.V. acknowledges the BFM system team (http://bfm-community.eu) for the public availability of the BFM model. We thank Bob Anderson, Laurent Bopp, and Ric Williams for their comments on the draft manuscript and those of two anonymous reviewers that improved the final version NR 88 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 20 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 149 EP 174 DI 10.1002/2015GB005289 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900005 ER PT J AU Westberry, TK Schultz, P Behrenfeld, MJ Dunne, JP Hiscock, MR Maritorena, S Sarmiento, JL Siegel, DA AF Westberry, Toby K. Schultz, Patrick Behrenfeld, Michael J. Dunne, John P. Hiscock, Michael R. Maritorena, Stephane Sarmiento, Jorge L. Siegel, David A. TI Annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass in the subarctic Atlantic and Pacific Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; remote sensing ID DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHLOROPHYLL-A; IRON STRESS; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STATION PAPA; TIME-SERIES; GROWTH; SATELLITE AB High-latitude phytoplankton blooms support productive fisheries and play an important role in oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. In the subarctic North Atlantic Ocean, blooms are a recurrent feature each year, while in the eastern subarctic Pacific only small changes in chlorophyll (Chl) are seen over the annual cycle. Here we show that when evaluated using phytoplankton carbon biomass (C-phyto) rather than Chl, an annual bloom in the North Pacific is evident and can even rival blooms observed in the North Atlantic. The annual increase in subarctic Pacific phytoplankton biomass is not readily observed in the Chl record because it is paralleled by light- and nutrient-driven decreases in cellular pigment levels (C-phyto:Chl). Specifically, photoacclimation and iron stress effects on C-phyto:Chl oppose the biomass increase, leading to only modest changes in bulk Chl. The magnitude of the photoacclimation effect is quantified using descriptors of the near-surface light environment and a photophysiological model. Iron stress effects are diagnosed from satellite chlorophyll fluorescence data. Lastly, we show that biomass accumulation in the Pacific is slower than that in the Atlantic but is closely tied to similar levels of seasonal nutrient uptake in both basins. Annual cycles of satellite-derived Chl and C-phyto are reproduced by in situ autonomous profiling floats. These results contradict the long-standing paradigm that environmental conditions prevent phytoplankton accumulation in the subarctic Northeast Pacific and suggest a greater seasonal decoupling between phytoplankton growth and losses than traditionally implied. Further, our results highlight the role of physiological processes in shaping bulk properties, such as Chl, and their interpretation in studies of ocean ecosystem dynamics and climate change. C1 [Westberry, Toby K.; Behrenfeld, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schultz, Patrick; Hiscock, Michael R.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Maritorena, Stephane; Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Westberry, TK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM toby.westberry@science.oregonstate.edu FU NASA [NNX08AK70G, NNX11AE64G] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AK70G and NNX11AE64G. The authors would like to thank Ken Johnson and Emmanuel Boss for sharing float data publicly. Many of the ideas in this work were developed as part of P.S. PhD dissertation. NR 93 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1002/2015GB005276 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900006 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Cronin, MF AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Net community production and calcification from 7years of NOAA Station Papa Mooring measurements SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE net community production; calcification; carbon cycling ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; REDFIELD RATIOS; ORGANIC-CARBON; EL-NINO AB Seven years of near-continuous observations from the Ocean Station Papa (OSP) surface mooring were used to evaluate drivers of marine carbon cycling in the eastern subarctic Pacific. Processes contributing to mixed layer carbon inventory changes throughout each deployment year were quantitatively assessed using a time-dependent mass balance approach in which total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon were used as tracers. By using two mixed layer carbon tracers, it was possible to isolate the influences of net community production (NCP) and calcification. Our results indicate that the annual NCP at OSP is 2 1molCm(-2)yr(-1) and the annual calcification is 0.30.3molCm(-2)yr(-1). Piecing together evidence for potentially significant dissolved organic carbon cycling in this region, we estimate a particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon ratio between 0.15 and 0.25. This is at least double the global average, adding to the growing evidence that calcifying organisms play an important role in carbon export at this location. These results, coupled with significant seasonality in the NCP, suggest that carbon cycling near OSP may be more complex than previously thought and highlight the importance of continuous observations for robust assessments of biogeochemical cycling. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fassbender, Andrea J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andrea.fassbender@noaa.gov OI Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Observation Division; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change FX The authors thank Noel Pelland for providing glider data used in this analysis as well as Steven Emerson, Paul Quay, Seth Bushinsky, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback, which improved the manuscript. All mooring operations were performed aboard the CCGS Tully. We are grateful for the shiptime provided by the Line P program and efforts of the Captain, crew, science party, and PMEL Ocean Climate Stations and Carbon Program group technicians, who made this data set possible. Data are publicly available at the following links for the NOAA Station Papa buoy http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ocs/, repeat hydrography cruises http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/, and WOA https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/. This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Observation Division, the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, and the NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change and is PMEL contribution 4340. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 250 EP 267 DI 10.1002/2015GB005205 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HO UT WOS:000372963900011 ER PT J AU Persily, AK AF Persily, A. K. TI Field measurement of ventilation rates SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Indoor Air Conference CY 2014 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Airflow; Building performance; Field studies; Infiltration; Measurement; Ventilation ID AIR EXCHANGE-RATES; CONTAMINANT DISTRIBUTION; BUILDINGS; PERFORMANCE; INFILTRATION; QUALITY; DESIGN; HEALTH; ERRORS; FLOWS AB Ventilation rates have significant impacts on building energy use and indoor contaminant concentrations, making them key parameters in building performance. Ventilation rates have been measured in buildings for many decades, and there are mature measurement approaches available to researchers and others who need to know actual ventilation rates in buildings. Despite the fact that ventilation rates are critical in interpreting indoor concentration measurements, it is disconcerting how few Indoor Air Quality field studies measure ventilation rates or otherwise characterize the ventilation design of the study building(s). This paper summarizes parameters of interest in characterizing building ventilation, available methods for quantifying these parameters, and challenges in applying these methods to different types of buildings and ventilation systems. These parameters include whole-building air change rates, system outdoor air intake rates, and building infiltration rates. Tracer gas methods are reviewed as well as system airflow rate measurements using, for example, duct traverses. Several field studies of ventilation rates conducted over the past 75 years are described to highlight the approaches employed and the findings obtained. C1 [Persily, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MD 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MD 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov NR 94 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD FEB PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 SI SI BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1111/ina.12193 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI0SY UT WOS:000373208600008 PM 25689218 ER PT J AU Hiester, J Sergienko, OV Hulbe, CL AF Hiester, J. Sergienko, O. V. Hulbe, C. L. TI Topographically mediated ice stream subglacial drainage networks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice streams; subglacial hydrology; modeling ID WEST ANTARCTICA; LAKE ACTIVITY; SIPLE COAST; SURFACE; WATER; FLOW; DYNAMICS; TRIBUTARIES; GREENLAND; SEDIMENT AB Satellite laser altimetry reveals short timescale changes in Antarctic ice sheet surface elevation that are suggested to be driven by subglacial water transport and storage. Here details of the interaction between the dynamics of ice stream flow, subglacial water system, and bed elevation relief are examined in the context of idealized, heterogeneous bed geometries. Using a two-way coupled model of ice and subglacial water flow, we show that basal topography controls the temporal and spatial variability of the sub-ice stream hydraulic system. The orientation and characteristic dimensions of the topographic undulations determine the morphology (connected subglacial ponds or channel-like subglacial water features) and timescales of the sub-ice stream drainage system. The short-term (several years to decades) variability of the simulated coupled ice stream/subglacial water system suggests that the short-term surface variations detected in remote sensing observations may be indicative of a rapidly evolving subglacial water system. Our simulations also show that interaction between ice flow and the highly dynamic subglacial water system has a strong effect on effective stress in the ice. Large effective stress magnitudes arise over areas where the basal traction is characterized by strong spatial gradients, that is, transitions from high to low basal traction or vise versa. These transitions migrate on multiyear timescales and thus cause large effective stress variability on the same temporal scales. C1 [Hiester, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hulbe, C. L.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OPP-0838811]; NOAA [NA13OAR431009] FX We thank the Associate Editor, Poul Christoffersen, Jonny Kingslake, and two anonymous referees for their useful suggestions and constructive criticism that helped to improve the manuscript. This study is supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant OPP-0838811 and by NOAA grant NA13OAR431009. The model outputs will be available at NSIDC nsidc.org. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 DI 10.1002/2015JF003660 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH6UU UT WOS:000372928400016 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R AF Lumpkin, Rick TI Global characteristics of coherent vortices from surface drifter trajectories SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE physical oceanography ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; EDDIES; SCALES AB An algorithm is developed that can automatically identify loopers in Lagrangian trajectory data, i. e., looping trajectories that complete at least two orbits, in a significant update to Griffa et al. (2008). This algorithm is applied to the Global Drifter Program data set, and over 15,000 looping trajectory segments are identified worldwide. While two third of these segments are 14-39 days long, some persist for hundreds of days; the longest looper in the record persisted for 287 days. The paths taken by the vortices at the center of these looper trajectory segments can be calculated from these data. The Lagrangian integral time scale can also be estimated for the looper segments, and is generally very close to the orbital perioda value several times larger than the integral time scales characterizing nonloopers. Fundamental timemean quantities such as total kinetic energy and velocity are shown to be significantly different between loopers and nonloopers. These results suggest that a careful approach to the data might require separately calculating means of the nonloopers and loopers, and only afterward combining the weighted results for an overall time-mean picture. While many of the loopers with large radii orbit vortices identified in altimeterderived eddy census data, many with smaller radii do not match vortices resolved in altimetry. The data from this study are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/loopers/. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Rick.Lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce FX This paper was funded by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 6 hourly observations comprising drifter trajectory segments identified in this study as loopers are available at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/loopers/. Conversations and suggestions from Renellys Perez, Jonathan Lilly, Josefina Olascoaga, Javier Beron-Vera, Chris Meinen, Amy Bower, Annalisa Griffa, and two anonymous reviewers were extremely valuable. The drifter data were collected and are made freely available by NOAA's Global Drifter Program at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/gld/index.php. The altimeter-derived eddy census of Chelton et al. [2011], updated through April 2012, is available at http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/eddies/. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1306 EP 1321 DI 10.1002/2015JC011435 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH9RX UT WOS:000373134600017 ER PT J AU Bender, PL Betts, CR AF Bender, Peter L. Betts, Casey R. TI Ocean calibration approach for data from the GRACE Follow-On mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE GRACE Follow-On mission; mass distribution variations; ECCO-JPL ocean model; geopotential variations at satellite altitude ID GRAVITY-FIELD; CIRCULATION AB The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been providing valuable new information on time variations in the Earth's gravity field since 2002. In addition, the GRACE Follow-On mission is scheduled to be flown soon after the end of life of the GRACE mission in order to minimize the loss of valuable data on the Earth's gravity field changes. In view of the major benefits to hydrology and oceanography, as well as to other fields, it is desirable to investigate the fundamental limits to monitoring the time variations in the Earth's gravity field during GRACE-type missions. A simplified model is presented in this paper for making estimates of the effect of differential spurious accelerations of the satellites during times when four successive revolutions cross the Pacific Ocean. The analysis approach discussed is to make use of changes in the satellite separation observed during passages across low-latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans to correct for spurious accelerations of the satellites. The low-latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans are the extended regions where the a priori uncertainties in the time variations of the geopotential heights due to mass distribution changes are known best. In addition, advantage can be taken of the repeated crossings of the South Pole and the North Pole, since the uncertainties in changes in the geopotential heights at the poles during the time required for four orbit revolutions are likely to be small. C1 [Bender, Peter L.; Betts, Casey R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.; Betts, Casey R.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Bender, PL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM pbender@jila.colorado.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1218 EP 1235 DI 10.1002/2015JB012433 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DH8ZC UT WOS:000373084400044 ER PT J AU Watson, C Jayachandran, PT Singer, HJ Redmon, RJ Danskin, D AF Watson, Chris Jayachandran, P. T. Singer, Howard J. Redmon, Robert J. Danskin, Donald TI GPS TEC response to Pc4 "giant pulsations" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GPS TEC; Pc4; giant pulsation; Pg pulsation; ULF; total electron content ID COLUMNAR ELECTRON-CONTENT; MORNING SECTOR; AMPLITUDE; WAVES; IONOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; MODE AB Variations in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) associated with ultralow frequency (ULF) magnetic field variations in the Pc4 (6.7-22.0mHz) frequency band were observed in the early morning sector. TEC variations were observed by the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in Sanikiluaq, Nunavut (56.54 degrees N, 280.77 degrees E), which is located near the equatorward edge of the auroral region. Small-amplitude Pc4 ULF waves were observed by the Sanikiluaq ground magnetometer and by the geosynchronous GOES 13 satellite. TEC and magnetic field both exhibited narrowband, highly regular, quasi-sinusoidal waveforms, with high correlation and coherence indicating a clear link between TEC variations and Pc4 ULF activity. Variations in TEC and 30-50keV electron flux observed by GOES 13 were also highly correlated and coherent. TEC variations observed directly above Sanikiluaq were in antiphase with eastward magnetic field variations on the ground, while TEC variations observed at the footprint of the GOES 13 satellite were in phase with GOES radial magnetic field and 30-50keV electron flux. Intermittent occurrence of TEC variations observed by multiple GPS satellites indicated a localized ionospheric response to the Pc4 activity. This is the first clear evidence of a TEC response to these so called giant pulsations (Pgs). By applying a multisatellite triangulation technique, the phase velocity, group velocity, and azimuthal wave number of TEC variations were also calculated for an interval of highly coherent measurements. The phase and group propagation velocities were 2-7km/s and 1-3km/s north and westward, respectively, while the azimuthal wave number ranged from -35 to -310. C1 [Watson, Chris; Jayachandran, P. T.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Redmon, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Danskin, Donald] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Watson, C (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. EM chris.watson@unb.ca OI Danskin, Donald/0000-0002-4968-9094 FU Canadian Foundation for Innovation; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX CHAIN infrastructure was funded by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the New Brunswick Innovation Foundation. CHAIN operates in collaboration with Canadian Space Agency. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada provides science funding for CHAIN. CHAIN data are available online through http://chain.physics.unb.ca. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1722 EP 1735 DI 10.1002/2015JA022253 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH7VN UT WOS:000373002100058 ER PT J AU Simon, SM Appel, JW Cho, HM Essinger-Hileman, T Irwin, KD Kusaka, A Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, LP Raghunathan, S Sievers, JL Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Simon, S. M. Appel, J. W. Cho, H. M. Essinger-Hileman, T. Irwin, K. D. Kusaka, A. Niemack, M. D. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. P. Raghunathan, S. Sievers, J. L. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. TI In Situ Time Constant and Optical Efficiency Measurements of TRUCE Pixels in the Atacama B-Mode Search (vol 176, pg 712, 2014) SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Simon, S. M.; Kusaka, A.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Sievers, J. L.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Raghunathan, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smstwo@princeton.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 182 IS 3-4 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s10909-015-1354-2 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DH9ZD UT WOS:000373153600007 ER PT J AU Lynn, BH Khain, AP Bao, JW Michelson, SA Yuan, T Kelman, G Rosenfeld, D Shpund, J Benmoshe, N AF Lynn, Barry H. Khain, Alexander P. Bao, Jian Wen Michelson, Sara A. Yuan, Tianle Kelman, Guy Rosenfeld, Daniel Shpund, Jacob Benmoshe, Nir TI The Sensitivity of Hurricane Irene to Aerosols and Ocean Coupling: Simulations with WRF Spectral Bin Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; MODEL. PART; STRONG WIND; LANDFALLING HURRICANES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SPRAY FORMATION; SEA SPRAY; RESOLUTION; IMPACT AB Hurricane Irene (2011) moved northward along the eastern coast of the United States and was expected to cause severe wind and flood damage. However, the hurricane weakened much faster than was predicted. Moreover, the minimum pressure in Irene occurred, atypically, about 40 h later than the time of maximum wind speed. Possible reasons for Irene's weakening and the time shift between maximum wind and minimum central pressure were studied in simulations using WRF with spectral bin microphysics (WRF-SBM) with 1-km grid spacing and ocean coupling. Both ocean coupling and aerosol distribution/concentration were found to influence Irene's development. Without ocean coupling or with ocean coupling and uniform aerosol distribution, the simulated maximum wind occurred at about the same time as the minimum pressure. With ocean coupling and nonuniform spatial aerosol distributions caused by aerosols from the Saharan air layer (band) and the continental United States, the maximum wind occurred about 40 h before the simulated minimum pressure, in agreement with observations. Concentrations of aerosols of several hundred per cubic centimeter in the inner core were found to initially cause convection invigoration in the simulated eyewall. In contrast, a weakening effect dominated at the mature and the decaying stages, when aerosols from the band and land intensified convection at the simulated storm's periphery. Simulations made with 3-km instead of 1-km grid spacing suggest that cloud-scale processes interactions are required to correctly simulate the timing differences between maximum wind and minimum pressure. C1 [Lynn, Barry H.; Khain, Alexander P.; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Shpund, Jacob; Benmoshe, Nir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Bao, Jian Wen] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Michelson, Sara A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yuan, Tianle] Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Radiat & Climate Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kelman, Guy] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. RP Khain, AP (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alexander.khain@mail.huji.ac.il RI Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program, Atmospheric System Research; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-SC0006788, DE-SC0008811]; Binational United States-Israel Science Foundation [2010446] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program, Atmospheric System Research, and the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program under Grants DE-SC0006788 and DE-SC0008811, as well as by the Binational United States-Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446). We acknowledge the Department of Energy for granting us access to their supercomputing cluster. We would also like to thank NOAA's ESRL for providing computing for preliminary simulations studies and the NCDC for providing us with GFS reanalysis data. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 467 EP 486 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0150.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8DW UT WOS:000373024700002 ER PT J AU Wulfmeyer, V Muppa, SK Behrendt, A Hammann, E Spath, F Sorbjan, Z Turner, DD Hardesty, RM AF Wulfmeyer, Volker Muppa, Shravan Kumar Behrendt, Andreas Hammann, Eva Spaeth, Florian Sorbjan, Zbigniew Turner, David D. Hardesty, R. Michael TI Determination of Convective Boundary Layer Entrainment Fluxes, Dissipation Rates, and the Molecular Destruction of Variances: Theoretical Description and a Strategy for Its Confirmation with a Novel Lidar System Synergy SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; COHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; OPERATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; BOTTOM-UP DIFFUSION; WATER-VAPOR; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES; 4TH-ORDER MOMENTS AB Atmospheric variables in the convective boundary layer (CBL), which are critical for turbulence parameterizations inweather and climatemodels, are assessed. These include entrainment fluxes, higher-ordermoments of humidity, potential temperature, and vertical wind, as well as dissipation rates. Theoretical relationships between the integral scales, gradients, and higher-order moments of atmospheric variables, fluxes, and dissipation rates are developed mainly focusing on the entrainment layer (EL) at the top of the CBL. These equations form the starting point for tests of and new approaches in CBL turbulence parameterizations. For the investigation of these relationships, an observational approach using a synergy of ground-based water vapor, temperature, and wind lidar systems is proposed. These systems measure instantaneous vertical profiles with high temporal and spatial resolution throughout the CBL including the EL. The resolution of these systems permits the simultaneous measurement of gradients and fluctuations of these atmospheric variables. For accurate analyses of the gradients and the shapes of turbulence profiles, the lidar system performances are very important. It is shown that each lidar profile can be characterized very well with respect to bias and system noise and that the constant bias has negligible effect on the measurement of turbulent fluctuations. It is demonstrated how different gradient relationships can be measured and tested with the proposed lidar synergy within operational measurements or new field campaigns. Particularly, a novel approach is introduced for measuring the rate of destruction of humidity and temperature variances, which is an important component of the variance budget equations. C1 [Wulfmeyer, Volker; Muppa, Shravan Kumar; Behrendt, Andreas; Hammann, Eva; Spaeth, Florian] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Garbenstr 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Wulfmeyer, Volker] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sorbjan, Zbigniew] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wulfmeyer, V (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Garbenstr 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. EM volker.wulfmeyer@uni-hohenheim.de RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Behrendt, Andreas/0000-0003-2719-4354 FU Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado; National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, Oklahoma; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) [DE-SC0006898] FX This work was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies (CIRES) in Boulder, Colorado, by a Visiting Fellow Award for the first author. Furthermore, this study was performed within the German Science Foundation (DFG) Research Unit FOR1695 "Regional Climate Change" and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) program High Definition Clouds and Precipitation (HD(CP)2). This research was also supported by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman, Oklahoma, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) via Grant DE-SC0006898. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 667 EP 692 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0392.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8DW UT WOS:000373024700012 ER PT J AU Cash, MD Hicks, SW Biesecker, DA Reinard, AA de Koning, CA Weimer, DR AF Cash, M. D. Hicks, S. Witters Biesecker, D. A. Reinard, A. A. de Koning, C. A. Weimer, D. R. TI Validation of an operational product to determine L1 to Earth propagation time delays SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE space weather; model validation; propagation time delays ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; DISCONTINUITIES; ORIENTATION; PREDICTION; MOTION; SHOCKS AB We describe the development and validation of an operational space weather tool to forecast propagation delay times between L1 and Earth using the Weimer and King (2008) tilted phase front technique. A simple flat plane convection delay method is currently used by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) to propagate the solar wind from a monitoring satellite located at L1 to a point upstream of the magnetosphere. This technique assumes that all observed solar wind discontinuities, such as interplanetary shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejection boundaries, are in a flat plane perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line traveling in the GSE X direction at the observed solar wind velocity. In reality, these phase plane fronts can have significantly tilted orientations, and by relying on a ballistic propagation method, delay time errors of 15min are common. In principle, the propagation time delay product presented here should more accurately predict L1 to Earth transit times by taking these tilted phase plane fronts into account. This algorithm, which is based on the work of Weimer and King (2008), is currently running in real time in test mode at SWPC as part of the SWPC test bed. We discuss the current algorithm performance, and via our detailed validation study, show that there is no significant difference between the two propagation methods when run in a real-time operational environment. C1 [Cash, M. D.; Reinard, A. A.; de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cash, M. D.; Biesecker, D. A.; Reinard, A. A.; de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hicks, S. Witters] Principia Coll, Elsah, IL USA. [Weimer, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cash, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cash, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM michele.cash@noaa.gov FU NSF REU [11507020]; University of Colorado FX S.W.H. gratefully acknowledges funding through the NSF REU grant 11507020 and the University of Colorado as part of the LASP 2015 Research Experience for Undergraduates Program in Solar and Space Physics. We thank R. Steenburgh (SWPC) for constructive comments. ACE and Wind data were obtained from the Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb: http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). Solar wind shock information was obtained from the ACE Science Center's List of Disturbances and Transients (http://www.ssg.sr.unh.edu/mag/ace/ACElists/obs_list.html) and the Richardson and Cane list of Near-Earth Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2016 VL 14 IS 2 BP 93 EP 112 DI 10.1002/2015SW001321 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9MY UT WOS:000373121400005 ER PT J AU Rastatter, L Shim, JS Kuznetsova, MM Kilcommons, LM Knipp, DJ Codrescu, M Fuller-Rowell, T Emery, B Weimer, DR Cosgrove, R Wiltberger, M Raeder, J Li, WH Toth, G Welling, D AF Rastaetter, Lutz Shim, Ja Soon Kuznetsova, Maria M. Kilcommons, Liam M. Knipp, Delores J. Codrescu, Mihail Fuller-Rowell, Tim Emery, Barbara Weimer, Daniel R. Cosgrove, Russell Wiltberger, Michael Raeder, Joachim Li, Wenhui Toth, Gabor Welling, Daniel TI GEM-CEDAR challenge: Poynting flux at DMSP and modeled Joule heat SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE GEM-CEDAR challenge; DMSP Poynting flux; data-model comparison ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SIMULATION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; EVENT; STORM AB Poynting flux into the ionosphere measures the electromagnetic energy coming from the magnetosphere. This energy flux can vary greatly between quiet times and geomagnetic active times. As part of the Geospace Environment Modeling-coupling energetics and dynamics of atmospheric regions modeling challenge, physics-based models of the 3-D ionosphere and ionospheric electrodynamics solvers of magnetosphere models that specify Joule heat and empirical models specifying Poynting flux were run for six geomagnetic storm events of varying intensity. We compared model results with Poynting flux values along the DMSP-15 satellite track computed from ion drift meter and magnetic field observations. Although being a different quantity, Joule heat can in practice be correlated to incoming Poynting flux because the energy is dissipated primarily in high latitudes where Poynting flux is being deposited. Within the physics-based model group, we find mixed results with some models overestimating Joule heat and some models agreeing better with observed Poynting flux rates as integrated over auroral passes. In contrast, empirical models tend to underestimate integrated Poynting flux values. Modeled Joule heat or Poynting flux patterns often resemble the observed Poynting flux patterns on a large scale, but amplitudes can differ by a factor of 2 or larger due to the highly localized nature of observed Poynting flux deposition that is not captured by the models. In addition, the positioning of modeled patterns appear to be randomly shifted against the observed Poynting flux energy input. This study is the first to compare Poynting flux and Joule heat in a large variety of models of the ionosphere. C1 [Rastaetter, Lutz; Shim, Ja Soon; Kuznetsova, Maria M.] NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Shim, Ja Soon] Catholic Univ Amer, IACS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kilcommons, Liam M.; Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, Delores J.; Emery, Barbara; Wiltberger, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Codrescu, Mihail; Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Weimer, Daniel R.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Cosgrove, Russell] SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Raeder, Joachim; Li, Wenhui] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Toth, Gabor; Welling, Daniel] Univ Michigan, Sch Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rastatter, L (reprint author), NASA, Community Coordinated Modeling Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Lutz.Rastaetter@nasa.gov RI Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013; OI Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147 FU NASA [NNX13AG07G]; NSF [AGS 1144154]; AFOSR [12-091, FA9550-12*0264]; National Science Foundation FX DMSP data, outputs, and time series data from all models are available at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC, http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov): Follow the "Metrics and Validation" and "GEM-CEDAR Challenge" links. In the GEM-CEDAR challenge page, the link titled " Time series plotting tool (magnetosphere)" leads to a table (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/challenges/GEM-CEDAR/plotting_tool_mag.php) with the events and physical quantities that were studied, including Poynting flux at the DMSP (F15) satellite. Solar wind input data for the models (magnetic field and plasma parameters) were obtained from CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). AL, Kp, and Dst index data are provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism in Kyoto, Japan (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp). D. J.K. and L.M.K. were partially supported by NASA grant NNX13AG07G. L.M.K. was also partially supported by NSF grant AGS 1144154. D.J.K. was partially supported by AFOSR award 12-091; FA9550-12*0264. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank Art Richmond and Marc Hairston for their valuable discussions in improving the manuscript. The authors remember Kelly Ann Drake who prepared the DMSP data and got the effort started. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2016 VL 14 IS 2 BP 113 EP 135 DI 10.1002/2015SW001238 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9MY UT WOS:000373121400006 ER PT J AU Wenegrat, JO McPhaden, MJ AF Wenegrat, Jacob O. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Wind, Waves, and Fronts: Frictional Effects in a Generalized Ekman Model* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; Fronts; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Oceanic mixed layer; Circulation/ Dynamics; Waves, oceanic; Ekman pumping/transport; Boundary layer; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena ID APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NEAR-SURFACE SHEAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MIXED-LAYER; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; EDDY VISCOSITY; STOKES DRIFT; SHALLOW SEA; CURRENTS AB Ocean currents in the surface boundary layer are sensitive to a variety of parameters not included in classic Ekman theory, including the vertical structure of eddy viscosity, finite boundary layer depth, baroclinic pressure gradients, and surface waves. These parameters can modify the horizontal and vertical flow in the near-surface ocean, making them of first-order significance to a wide range of phenomena of broad practical and scientific import. In this work, an approximate Green's function solution is found for a model of the frictional ocean surface boundary layer, termed the generalized Ekman (or turbulent thermal wind) balance. The solution admits consideration of general, more physically realistic forms of parameters than previously possible, offering improved physical insight into the underlying dynamics. Closed form solutions are given for the wind-driven flow in the presence of Coriolis-Stokes shear, a result of the surface wave field, and thermal wind shear, arising from a baroclinic pressure gradient, revealing the common underlying physical mechanisms through which they modify currents in the ocean boundary layer. These dynamics are further illustrated by a case study of an idealized two-dimensional front. The solutions, and estimates of the global distribution of the relative influence of surface waves and baroclinic pressure gradients on near-surface ocean currents, emphasize the broad importance of considering ocean sources of shear and physically realistic parameters in the Ekman problem. C1 [Wenegrat, Jacob O.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wenegrat, JO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wenegrat@uw.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank Leah Johnson, Hayley Dosser, and Andrew Shao for many helpful discussions during the course of this work. The comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. WaveWatch III model output is available from the IOWAGA group at http://wwz.ifremer.fr/iowaga/Products. NCEP CFSR data are available at http://rda.ucar.edu/pub/cfsr.html. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 2 BP 371 EP 394 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0162.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH3SI UT WOS:000372706500001 ER PT J AU Lin, YC Oey, LY Wang, J Liu, KK AF Lin, Y. -C. Oey, L. -Y. Wang, J. Liu, K. -K. TI Rossby Waves and Eddies Observed at a Temperature Mooring in Northern South China Sea* SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ocean circulation; Eddies; Rossby waves; Ocean dynamics; Mesoscale processes; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; LUZON STRAIT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDY; LOOP CURRENT; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN; WIND AB Annual Rossby waves in northern South China Sea had previously been studied using altimetry and model data; however, how they connect to subsurface temperature fluctuations has not been examined. This study analyzed a 22-month, surface to -500-m temperature time series at 18.3 degrees N, 115.5 degrees E, together with satellite and other data, to show the arrivals near z approximate to -300 m and deeper cool (warm) Rossby waves after their generation near the Luzon Strait in winter (summer). Temperature fluctuations with time scales of a few weeks, and with maximum anomalies near z approximate to -100 m, were also found embedded in the smooth Rossby waves and caused by propagating eddies. Eddy fluctuations and propagation past the mooring were of two types: southwestward from southwestern Taiwan, triggered by Kuroshio intrusion that produced anticyclone-cyclone pairs in late fall and winter, and eddies propagating westward from Luzon forced by annual anomalies of wind stress curl and Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait C1 [Lin, Y. -C.; Oey, L. -Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, K. -K.] Natl Cent Univ, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,114 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lyooey@gmail.com FU Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship; National Science Council; Ministry of Education; National Central University, Taiwan FX Dr. Yih Yang of TORI provided the SEATS data and Dr. Jia Wang (NCU) provided the code to compute KP. LYO is grateful for the award he received from the Taiwan's Foundation for the Advancement of Outstanding Scholarship. The research was in part supported by the National Science Council, the Ministry of Education, and the National Central University, Taiwan. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 2 BP 517 EP 535 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0094.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH3SN UT WOS:000372707100002 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Shore, A Roller, J Yoon, HW Campanelli, M AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Shore, Andrew Roller, John Yoon, Howard W. Campanelli, Mark TI Non-linearity measurements of solar cells with an LED-based combinatorial flux addition method SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE solar cell; photovoltaics; non-linearity; non-linear solar cells; photocurrent; spectral responsivity ID INTEGRATING SPHERE; SPECTRAL RESPONSE; DETECTORS; LINEARITY; ABSOLUTE AB We present a light emitting diode (LED)-based system utilizing a combinatorial flux addition method to investigate the non-linear relationship in solar cells between the output current of the cell and the incident irradiance level. The magnitude of the light flux is controlled by the supplied currents to two LEDs (or two sets of them) in a combinatorial fashion. The signals measured from the cell are arranged within a related overdetermined linear system of equations derived from an appropriately chosen Nth degree polynomial representing the relationship between the measured signals and the incident fluxes. The flux values and the polynomial coefficients are then solved for by linear least squares to obtain the best fit. The technique can be applied to any solar cell, under either monochromatic or broadband spectrum. For the unscaled solution, no reference detectors or prior calibrations of the light flux are required. However, if at least one calibrated irradiance value is known, then the entire curve can be scaled to an appropriate spectral responsivity value. Using this technique, a large number of data points can be obtained in a relatively short time scale over a large signal range. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Shore, Andrew; Roller, John] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Campanelli, Mark] Intelligent Measurement Syst LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/76 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500019 PM 27524837 ER PT J AU Feistel, R Wielgosz, R Bell, SA Camoes, MF Cooper, JR Dexter, P Dickson, AG Fisicaro, P Harvey, AH Heinonen, M Hellmuth, O Kretzschmar, HJ Lovell-Smith, JW McDougall, TJ Pawlowicz, R Ridout, P Seitz, S Spitzer, P Stoica, D Wolf, H AF Feistel, R. Wielgosz, R. Bell, S. A. Camoes, M. F. Cooper, J. R. Dexter, P. Dickson, A. G. Fisicaro, P. Harvey, A. H. Heinonen, M. Hellmuth, O. Kretzschmar, H-J Lovell-Smith, J. W. McDougall, T. J. Pawlowicz, R. Ridout, P. Seitz, S. Spitzer, P. Stoica, D. Wolf, H. TI Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables: oceanic salinity and pH, and atmospheric humidity. Part 1: overview SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review DE seawater salinity; seawater pH; relative humidity; traceability ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; ABSOLUTE SALINITY; STANDARD SEAWATER; CLOUD FEEDBACK; LIQUID WATER; DENSITY; AIR AB Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest 'greenhouse' gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air-sea interface drives evaporation and latent heat export from the ocean. On climatic time scales, melting ice caps and regional deviations of the hydrological cycle result in changes of seawater salinity, which in turn may modify the global circulation of the oceans and their ability to store heat and to buffer anthropogenically produced carbon dioxide. In this paper, together with three companion articles, we examine the climatologically relevant quantities ocean salinity, seawater pH and atmospheric relative humidity, noting fundamental deficiencies in the definitions of those key observables, and their lack of secure foundation on the International System of Units, the SI. The metrological histories of those three quantities are reviewed, problems with their current definitions and measurement practices are analysed, and options for future improvements are discussed in conjunction with the recent seawater standard TEOS-10. It is concluded that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM, in cooperation with the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, IAPWS, along with other international organizations and institutions, can make significant contributions by developing and recommending state-of-the-art solutions for these long standing metrological problems in climatology. C1 [Feistel, R.] Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Wielgosz, R.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Bell, S. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Camoes, M. F.] Univ Lisbon FCUL, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Quim Estrutural, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Cooper, J. R.] Univ London QMUL, Queen Mary, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Dexter, P.] Bur Meteorol ABN, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Dickson, A. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fisicaro, P.; Stoica, D.] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Harvey, A. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heinonen, M.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, MIKES Metrol, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland. [Hellmuth, O.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Kretzschmar, H-J] Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci HSZG, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Lovell-Smith, J. W.] Measurement Stand Lab MSL, POB 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [McDougall, T. J.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Pawlowicz, R.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Ridout, P.] Ocean Sci Int Ltd OSIL, Culkin House,Penner Rd, Havant PO9 1QN, England. [Seitz, S.; Spitzer, P.; Wolf, H.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Feistel, R (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. EM rainer.feistel@io-warnemuende.de FU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); national SCOR committees; International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS); IAPWS National Committees; European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) [ENV05]; EMRP within EURAMET; EMRP within European Union; New Zealand Government; UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology; EMRP Joint Research Project [ENV 58 MeteoMet2] FX The authors express their gratitude to Michael Kuhne who as the Director of the BIPM organized the meetings with IAPWS representatives at the BIPM in August 2011 and February 2012 and inspired the writing of this series of review articles. They thank Nigel Higgs, OSIL, for his contributions in the early stages of this paper. Valuable suggestions were provided by our colleagues Richard Davis, Werner Ebeling, Don Gatley, Sebastian Herrmann, Joachim Pelkowski, Rod White and Christoph Zulicke. The authors also thank the journal editor and the anonymous referees for encouraging comments and constructive suggestions. Organizations financially supporting this work include the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), with funding from national SCOR committees, and the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), with funding from IAPWS National Committees. Part of this work was supported by the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), project ENV05. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. Part of this work was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of a contract for the provision of national measurement standards. The contribution of NPL was funded by the UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology, and by the EMRP Joint Research Project ENV 58 MeteoMet2. Partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is not subject to copyright in the US. This paper contributes to the tasks of the Joint SCOR/ IAPWS/IAPSO Committee on the Properties of Seawater (JCS). The contribution of one of the authors is covered by (C) Crown Copyright. Reproduced by permission of the controller of HMSO and the Queen's printer for Scotland. NR 136 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP R1 EP R11 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/R1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500001 PM 26900179 ER PT J AU Lovell-Smith, JW Feistel, R Harvey, AH Hellmuth, O Bell, SA Heinonen, M Cooper, JR AF Lovell-Smith, J. W. Feistel, R. Harvey, A. H. Hellmuth, O. Bell, S. A. Heinonen, M. Cooper, J. R. TI Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables. Part 4: atmospheric relative humidity SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review DE relative humidity; meteorology; metrology; IAPWS; BIPM; definitions; climate ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATION; NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION; THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS; TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; OCEAN SALINITIES; ENERGY-BALANCE; LIQUID WATER AB Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest 'greenhouse' gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air-sea interface drives evaporation and latent heat export from the ocean. In this paper, we examine the climatologically relevant atmospheric relative humidity, noting fundamental deficiencies in the definition of this key observable. The metrological history of this quantity is reviewed, problems with its current definition and measurement practice are analysed, and options for future improvements are discussed in conjunction with the recent seawater standard TEOS-10. It is concluded that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), in cooperation with the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), along with other international organizations and institutions, can make significant contributions by developing and recommending state-of-the-art solutions, such as are suggested here, for what are long-standing metrological problems. C1 [Lovell-Smith, J. W.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Feistel, R.] Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Harvey, A. H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hellmuth, O.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Bell, S. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Heinonen, M.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, MIKES Metrol, Tekniikantie 1, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland. [Cooper, J. R.] Univ London QMUL, Queen Mary, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. RP Lovell-Smith, JW (reprint author), Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. EM jeremy.lovell-smith@callaghaninnovation.govt.nz FU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); national SCOR committees; International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS); IAPWS National Committees; New Zealand Government; UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology; EMRP Joint Research Project [ENV 58 MeteoMet2]; EMRP within EURAMET; EMRP within European Union FX The authors express their gratitude to Michael Kuhne, who as the Director of the BIPM organized the meetings with IAPWS representatives at the BIPM in August 2011 and February 2012 and inspired the writing of this review article. Valuable suggestions were provided by our colleagues Richard Davis, Don Gatley, Sebastian Herrmann, Joachim Pelkowski, Rod White and Christoph Zulicke. The authors also thank the journal editor and the anonymous referees for encouraging comments and constructive suggestions. Organizations financially supporting this work include the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), with funding from national SCOR committees, and the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), with funding from IAPWS National Committees. Part of this work was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of a contract for the provision of national measurement standards. The contribution of NPL was funded by the UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology, and by the EMRP Joint Research Project ENV 58 MeteoMet2. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. Partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is not subject to copyright in the US. This paper contributes to the tasks of the Joint SCOR/IAPWS/IAPSO Committee on the Properties of Seawater (JCS). The contribution of one of the authors is covered by (C) Crown copyright 2015. Reproduced by permission of the controller of HMSO and the Queen's printer for Scotland. NR 238 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP R40 EP R59 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/R40 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500004 PM 26877551 ER PT J AU Bodnar, O Elster, C Fischer, J Possolo, A Toman, B AF Bodnar, Olha Elster, Clemens Fischer, Joachim Possolo, Antonio Toman, Blaza TI Evaluation of uncertainty in the adjustment of fundamental constants SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE fundamental constants; meta-analysis; interlaboratory comparisons; Bayesian inference; location-scale model; random effects model ID CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; REFERENCE PRIORS; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; INCONSISTENT DATA; PLANCK-CONSTANT; EFFECTS MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SELECTION AB Combining multiple measurement results for the same quantity is an important task in metrology and in many other areas. Examples include the determination of fundamental constants, the calculation of reference values in interlaboratory comparisons, or the metaanalysis of clinical studies. However, neither the GUM nor its supplements give any guidance for this task. Various approaches are applied such as weighted least-squares in conjunction with the Birge ratio or random effects models. While the former approach, which is based on a location-scale model, is particularly popular in metrology, the latter represents a standard tool used in statistics for meta-analysis. We investigate the reliability and robustness of the location-scale model and the random effects model with particular focus on resulting coverage or credible intervals. The interval estimates are obtained by adopting a Bayesian point of view in conjunction with a non-informative prior that is determined by a currently favored principle for selecting non-informative priors. Both approaches are compared by applying them to simulated data as well as to data for the Planck constant and the Newtonian constant of gravitation. Our results suggest that the proposed Bayesian inference based on the random effects model is more reliable and less sensitive to model misspecifications than the approach based on the location-scale model. C1 [Bodnar, Olha; Elster, Clemens; Fischer, Joachim] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Possolo, Antonio; Toman, Blaza] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bodnar, O (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM olha.Bodnar@ptb.de NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S46 EP S54 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S46 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500011 ER PT J AU Possolo, A AF Possolo, Antonio TI Introducing a Simple Guide for the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of NIST measurement results SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE measurement uncertainty; measurement model; top-down; bottom-up; measurement equation; observation equation; statistical model ID IN-MEASUREMENT AB The current guidelines for the evaluation and expression of the uncertainty of NIST measurement results were originally published in 1993 as NIST Technical Note 1297, which was last revised in 1994. NIST is now updating its principles and procedures for uncertainty evaluation to address current and emerging needs in measurement science that Technical Note 1297 could not have anticipated or contemplated when it was first conceived. Although progressive and forward-looking, this update is also conservative because it does not require that current practices for uncertainty evaluation be abandoned or modified where they are fit for purpose and when there is no compelling reason to do otherwise. The updated guidelines are offered as a Simple Guide intended to be deployed under the NIST policy on Measurement Quality, and are accompanied by a rich collection of examples of application drawn from many different fields of measurement science. C1 [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S17 EP S24 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S17 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500007 ER PT J AU Toman, B Rosslein, M Elliott, JT Petersen, EJ AF Toman, Blaza Roesslein, Matthias Elliott, John T. Petersen, Elijah J. TI Estimation and uncertainty analysis of dose response in an inter-laboratory experiment SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE top down uncertainty evaluation; Bayesian MCMC; nano particles; hierarchical model AB An inter-laboratory experiment for the evaluation of toxic effects of NH2-polystyrene nanoparticles on living human cancer cells was performed with five participating laboratories. Previously published results from nanocytoxicity assays are often contradictory, mostly due to challenges related to producing a reliable cytotoxicity assay protocol for use with nanomaterials. Specific challenges include reproducibility preparing nanoparticle dispersions, biological variability from testing living cell lines, and the potential for nano-related interference effects. In this experiment, such challenges were addressed by developing a detailed experimental protocol and using a specially designed 96-well plate layout which incorporated a range of control measurements to assess multiple factors such as nanomaterial interference, pipetting accuracy, cell seeding density, and instrument performance. Detailed data analysis of these control measurements showed that good control of the experiments was attained by all participants in most cases. The main measurement objective of the study was the estimation of a dose response relationship between concentration of the nanoparticles and metabolic activity of the living cells, under several experimental conditions. The dose curve estimation was achieved by imbedding a three parameter logistic curve in a three level Bayesian hierarchical model, accounting for uncertainty due to all known experimental conditions as well as between laboratory variability in a top-down manner. Computation was performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The fit of the model was evaluated using Bayesian posterior predictive probabilities and found to be satisfactory. C1 [Toman, Blaza; Elliott, John T.; Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roesslein, Matthias] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, St Gallen, Switzerland. RP Toman, B (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM toman@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP S40 EP S45 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/S40 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG8KA UT WOS:000372331500010 ER PT J AU Alpert, AE Cohen, AL Oppo, DW DeCarlo, TM Gove, JM Young, CW AF Alpert, Alice E. Cohen, Anne L. Oppo, Delia W. DeCarlo, Thomas M. Gove, Jamison M. Young, Charles W. TI Comparison of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature variability and trends with Sr/Ca records from multiple corals SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE corals; paleoceanography; proxies ID OTOLITH REFERENCE MATERIAL; SIDERASTREA-SIDEREA; WALKER CIRCULATION; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; EL-NINO; IN-SITU; CLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; CALIBRATION; RATIOS AB Coral Sr/Ca is widely used to reconstruct past ocean temperatures. However, some studies report different Sr/Ca-temperature relationships for conspecifics on the same reef, with profound implications for interpretation of reconstructed temperatures. We assess whether these differences are attributable to small-scale oceanographic variability or vital effects associated with coral calcification and quantify the effect of intercolony differences on temperature estimates and uncertainties. Sr/Ca records from four massive Porites colonies growing on the east and west sides of Jarvis Island, central equatorial Pacific, were compared with in situ logger temperatures spanning 2002-2012. In general, Sr/Ca captured the occurrence of interannual sea surface temperature events but their amplitude was not consistently recorded by any of the corals. No long-term trend was identified in the instrumental data, yet Sr/Ca of one coral implied a statistically significant cooling trend while that of its neighbor implied a warming trend. Slopes of Sr/Ca-temperature regressions from the four different colonies were within error, but offsets in mean Sr/Ca rendered the regressions statistically distinct. Assuming that these relationships represent the full range of Sr/Ca-temperature calibrations in Jarvis Porites, we assessed how well Sr/Ca of a nonliving coral with an unknown Sr/Ca-temperature relationship can constrain past temperatures. Our results indicate that standard error of prediction methods underestimate the actual error as we could not reliably reconstruct the amplitude or frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events as large as 2 degrees C. Our results underscore the importance of characterizing the full range of temperature-Sr/Ca relationships at each study site to estimate true error. C1 [Alpert, Alice E.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA USA. [Alpert, Alice E.; Cohen, Anne L.; Oppo, Delia W.; DeCarlo, Thomas M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gove, Jamison M.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, Honolulu, HI USA. [Young, Charles W.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Alpert, AE (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA USA.; Alpert, AE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aalpert@whoi.edu OI Alpert, Alice/0000-0001-8981-6601 FU NSF [NSF-OCE-0926986, NSF-OCE-1031971] FX We are grateful to Pat Lohmann (WHOI) and Liz Drenkard (Rutgers) for their field assistance, the entire crew of Seadragon for getting us out to Jarvis, and to Emily Penn and Ron Ritter of Pangaea Exploration; Kathryn Pietro (WHOI) and Scot Birdwhistell (WHOI) for their lab assistance; and Andrew Solow (WHOI) and Olivier Marchal (WHOI) for their assistance with statistics and insightful discussions. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and helpful suggestions. This study was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to A. A. and by NSF-OCE-0926986 and NSF-OCE-1031971. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interest. The coral Sr/Ca data used in this paper are included in a supporting data set available online and will be archived at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/dataaccess/paleoclimatology-data/datasets. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 252 EP 265 DI 10.1002/2015PA002897 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA DH4AE UT WOS:000372727100003 ER PT J AU Nardin, G AF Nardin, Gael TI Multidimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: a review SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE excitons; four-wave-mixing; Fourier transform spectroscopy; quantum well; quantum dot; biexcitons; polaritons ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VALLEY POLARIZATION; PHASE; EXCITONS AB Multidimensional coherent optical spectroscopy (MDCS) is an elegant and versatile tool to measure the ultrafast nonlinear optical response of materials. Of particular interest for semiconductor nanostructures, MDCS enables the separation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths, reveals the nature of coupling between resonances, and is able to identify the signatures of many-body interactions. As an extension of transient four-wave mixing (FWM) experiments, MDCS can be implemented in various geometries, in which different strategies can be used to isolate the FWM signal and measure its phase. I review and compare different practical implementations of MDCS experiments adapted to the study of semiconductor materials. The power of MDCS is illustrated by discussing experimental results obtained on semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots, quantum wells, microcavities, and layered semiconductors. C1 [Nardin, Gael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lab Appl Photon Devices, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Nardin, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Nardin, G (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Nardin, G (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lab Appl Photon Devices, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM gael.nardin@a3.epfl.ch RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX The author would like to thank S T Cundiff and R Singh for proofreading the manuscript. The author acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 118 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 AR 023001 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/31/2/023001 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DG9OJ UT WOS:000372412900001 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Segal, R Fauth, J Knutson, S Bronstein, O Ciner, FR Jeger, R Lichtenfeld, Y Woodley, CM Pennington, P Cadenas, K Kushmaro, A Loya, Y AF Downs, C. A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Segal, Roee Fauth, John Knutson, Sean Bronstein, Omri Ciner, Frederic R. Jeger, Rina Lichtenfeld, Yona Woodley, Cheryl M. Pennington, Paul Cadenas, Kelli Kushmaro, Ariel Loya, Yossi TI Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SUN-BLOCKING AGENTS; IN-VITRO; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DNA-DAMAGE; RED-SEA; ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE AB Benzophenone-3 (BP-3; oxybenzone) is an ingredient in sunscreen lotions and personal-care products that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Oxybenzone is an emerging contaminant of concern in marine environments-produced by swimmers and municipal, residential, and boat/ship wastewater discharges. We examined the effects of oxybenzone on the larval form (planula) of the coral Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity in vitro to coral cells from this and six other coral species. Oxybenzone is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light. Whether in darkness or light, oxybenzone transformed planulae from a motile state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of oxybenzone. Oxybenzone is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing oxybenzone concentrations. Oxybenzone is a skeletal endocrine disruptor; it induced ossification of the planula, encasing the entire planula in its own skeleton. The LC50 of planulae exposed to oxybenzone in the light for an 8- and 24-h exposure was 3.1 mg/L and 139 mu g/L, respectively. The LC(50)s for oxybenzone in darkness for the same time points were 16.8 mg/L and 779 mu g/L. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) of planulae exposed to oxybenzone were 6.5 mu g/L in the light and 10 mu g/L in darkness. Coral cell LC(50)s (4 h, in the light) for 7 different coral species ranges from 8 to 340 mu g/L, whereas LC(20)s (4 h, in the light) for the same species ranges from 0.062 to 8 mu g/L. Coral reef contamination of oxybenzone in the U.S. Virgin Islands ranged from 75 mu g/L to 1.4 mg/L, whereas Hawaiian sites were contaminated between 0.8 and 19.2 mu g/L. Oxybenzone poses a hazard to coral reef conservation and threatens the resiliency of coral reefs to climate change. C1 [Downs, C. A.; Ciner, Frederic R.] Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Segal, Roee; Bronstein, Omri; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Jeger, Rina; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Avram & Stella Goldstein Goren Dept Biotechnol En, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Jeger, Rina; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fauth, John] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Knutson, Sean] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lichtenfeld, Yona] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.; Pennington, Paul] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cadenas, Kelli] Natl Aquarium, 501 East Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Downs, CA (reprint author), Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. EM cadowns@haereticus-lab.org FU Israel Science Foundation (ISF) [1169/07] FX The study in Israel was partially funded by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) No. 1169/07 to Yossi Loya. No other organization or government provided Grant-in-aid funding for this project. The authors thank Dr. Jon Martinez and Dr. Katherine Schaefer for assistance with water sampling in Oahu, Hawai'i, Ms. Maya Vizel for her assistance with the planula exposure challenges, Dr. Gideon Winters for assistance with Molecular Dynamics microplate fluorimeter, and Dr. Fuad Al-Horani for his assistance with toxicological exposures. We sincerely thank Dr. Sylvia Galloway and Mr. James H. Nicholson for their work on formatting the figures for publication. We also wish to thank the U.S. National Park Service of the U.S. Virgin Islands National Park for their assistance. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments in improving the manuscript. C.A. Downs thanks the unidentified Virgin Islander in Cruz Bay who gave him insight into the hypothetical cause of the ecological collapse occurring at Trunk Bay; hypothesizing that the visible "sheen" on the surface of the water produced from swimmers' sunscreen lotions was somehow impacting coral reef health. NR 148 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 51 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 70 IS 2 BP 265 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DG4SB UT WOS:000372061700008 PM 26487337 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Wang, CMJ Williams, DF aan den Toorn, JJ Holloway, CL AF Remley, Kate A. Wang, Chih-Ming Jack Williams, Dylan F. aan den Toorn, Johannes J. Holloway, Christopher L. TI A Significance Test for Reverberation-Chamber Measurement Uncertainty in Total Radiated Power of Wireless Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Measurement uncertainty; over-the-air (OTA) testing; reverberation chamber; wireless system ID INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; COHERENCE BANDWIDTH; DELAY SPREAD; NUMBER; MODEL; TIME AB We develop a significance test that determines whether the component of uncertainty due to the finite number of stepped mode-stirring samples or the component due to the lack of spatial uniformity dominates for a particular chamber setup and stirring sequence, as well as expressions for uncertainty for both cases. The significance test is illustrated with a measurement example comparing unloaded and loaded chambers for the measurement of a large-form-factor machine-to-machine device transmitting the wideband code-division-multiple-access (W-CDMA) protocol. Based on this example, we illustrate a method that allows users to estimate the minimum number of stepped mode-stirring samples needed to ensure that the component of uncertainty due to spatial uniformity dominates for a given chamber setup, allowing the use of a simplified expression for uncertainty. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Wang, Chih-Ming Jack; Williams, Dylan F.; aan den Toorn, Johannes J.; Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [aan den Toorn, Johannes J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands. [aan den Toorn, Johannes J.] Avular BV, NL-5611 BD Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Remley, KA; Wang, CMJ; Williams, DF; aan den Toorn, JJ; Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; aan den Toorn, JJ (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands.; aan den Toorn, JJ (reprint author), Avular BV, NL-5611 BD Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM kate.remley@nist.gov; chih-ming.wang@nist.gov; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; jooptoorn@gmail.com; holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 58 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2481891 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DG3ZJ UT WOS:000372009400024 ER PT J AU Becker, EA Forney, KA Fiedler, PC Barlow, J Chivers, SJ Edwards, CA Moore, AM Redfern, JV AF Becker, Elizabeth A. Forney, Karin A. Fiedler, Paul C. Barlow, Jay Chivers, Susan J. Edwards, Christopher A. Moore, Andrew M. Redfern, Jessica V. TI Moving Towards Dynamic Ocean Management: How Well Do Modeled Ocean Products Predict Species Distributions? SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE abundance; California Current Ecosystem; cetaceans; dynamic ocean management; generalized additive model; habitat-based density model; remote sensing; ROMS; species distribution model ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; LONGLINE FISHERY; HABITAT MODEL; CETACEAN ABUNDANCE AB Species distribution models are now widely used in conservation and management to predict suitable habitat for protected marine species. The primary sources of dynamic habitat data have been in situ and remotely sensed oceanic variables (both are considered measured data), but now ocean models can provide historical estimates and forecast predictions of relevant habitat variables such as temperature, salinity, and mixed layer depth. To assess the performance of modeled ocean data in species distribution models, we present a case study for cetaceans that compares models based on output from a data assimilative implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to those based on measured data. Specifically, we used seven years of cetacean line-transect survey data collected between 1991 and 2009 to develop predictive habitat-based models of cetacean density for 11 species in the California Current Ecosystem. Two different generalized additive models were compared: one built with a full suite of ROMS output and another built with a full suite of measured data. Model performance was assessed using the percentage of explained deviance, root mean squared error (RMSE), observed to predicted density ratios, and visual inspection of predicted and observed distributions. Predicted distribution patterns were similar for models using ROMS output and measured data, and showed good concordance between observed sightings and model predictions. Quantitative measures of predictive ability were also similar between model types, and RMSE values were almost identical. The overall demonstrated success of the ROMS-based models opens new opportunities for dynamic species management and biodiversity monitoring because ROMS output is available in near real time and can be forecast. C1 [Becker, Elizabeth A.; Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Becker, Elizabeth A.] ManTech Int Corp, 420 Stevens Ave, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Fiedler, Paul C.; Barlow, Jay; Chivers, Susan J.; Redfern, Jessica V.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Edwards, Christopher A.; Moore, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Becker, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM EBecker77@cox.net; karin.forney@noaa.gov; paul.fiedler@noaa.gov; jay.barlow@noaa.gov; susan.chivers@noaa.gov; cedwards@ucsc.edu; ammoore@ucsc.edu; jessica.redfern@noaa.gov FU Navy, U.S. Pacific Fleet; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC); NSF [OCE-1061434] FX This project was funded by the Navy, Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC). AMM and CAE gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF (OCE-1061434) which contributed to this manuscript. We thank Chip Johnson, Julie Rivers (U.S. Pacific Fleet, U.S. Navy) and Sean Hanser (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, U.S. Navy) for providing us with the opportunity to update the California Current habitat-based density models. The marine mammal survey data and in situ oceanographic data used in this study were collected by a large dedicated team at SWFSC, and we thank the cruise leaders, marine mammal observers, oceanographers, survey coordinators, ship's crew, and officers who have contributed to collecting these data. Chief Scientists for the ship surveys included Tim Gerrodette and three of the co-authors (JB, SJC, and KAF). We thank the NOAA Environmental Research Division ERDDAP team, especially Roy Mendelssohn for his assistance with the remotely sensed data acquisition. Our project benefited greatly from our close collaboration with Jason Roberts and Laura Mannocci at Duke University, and Dave Miller at the Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM). This manuscript was improved by the helpful reviews of Anita Gilles, Leigh Torres, and two anonymous reviewers. We dedicate this study to the memory of our friend and colleague Dave Foley, who taught us so much and from whom we wished we could learn so much more. NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 149 DI 10.3390/rs8020149 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800052 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JM Heron, SF Eakin, CM Donahue, MJ AF Caldwell, Jamie M. Heron, Scott F. Eakin, C. Mark Donahue, Megan J. TI Satellite SST-Based Coral Disease Outbreak Predictions for the Hawaiian Archipelago SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE disease outbreaks; corals; SST metrics; cold snaps; hot snaps; winter condition; MPSA; boosted regression trees; Hawaiian archipelago; models ID WHITE SYNDROME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PATHOGEN; ISLANDS; SEASONALITY; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Predicting wildlife disease risk is essential for effective monitoring and management, especially for geographically expansive ecosystems such as coral reefs in the Hawaiian archipelago. Warming ocean temperature has increased coral disease outbreaks contributing to declines in coral cover worldwide. In this study we investigated seasonal effects of thermal stress on the prevalence of the three most widespread coral diseases in Hawai'i: Montipora white syndrome, Porites growth anomalies and Porites tissue loss syndrome. To predict outbreak likelihood we compared disease prevalence from surveys conducted between 2004 and 2015 from 18 Hawaiian Islands and atolls with biotic (e.g., coral density) and abiotic (satellite-derived sea surface temperature metrics) variables using boosted regression trees. To date, the only coral disease forecast models available were developed for Acropora white syndrome on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Given the complexities of disease etiology, differences in host demography and environmental conditions across reef regions, it is important to refine and adapt such models for different diseases and geographic regions of interest. Similar to the Acropora white syndrome models, anomalously warm conditions were important for predicting Montipora white syndrome, possibly due to a relationship between thermal stress and a compromised host immune system. However, coral density and winter conditions were the most important predictors of all three coral diseases in this study, enabling development of a forecasting system that can predict regions of elevated disease risk up to six months before an expected outbreak. Our research indicates satellite-derived systems for forecasting disease outbreaks can be appropriately adapted from the GBR tools and applied for a variety of diseases in a new region. These models can be used to enhance management capacity to prepare for and respond to emerging coral diseases throughout Hawai'i and can be modified for other diseases and regions around the world. C1 [Caldwell, Jamie M.; Donahue, Megan J.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kane Ohe, HI 96744 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Caldwell, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kane Ohe, HI 96744 USA. EM donahuem@hawaii.edu; scott.heron@noaa.gov; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; jsziklay@hawaii.edu RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund FX This research was funded by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (Jamie M. Caldwell, Megan J. Donahue), the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (Scott F. Heron, C. Mark Eakin) and the Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund (Jamie M. Caldwell). We thank Greta Aeby, John Burns, Courtney Couch, Jean Kenyon, Megan Ross, Chris Runyon, Bill Walsh, Maya Walton, Darla White, Gareth Williams and NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division for use of their survey data. We thank Courtney Couch for feedback on early drafts of the manuscript and Mary Donavan and Nyssa Silbiger for stimulating discussions about model analysis. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 93 DI 10.3390/rs8020093 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800046 ER PT J AU Datla, R Shao, X Cao, CY Wu, XQ AF Datla, Raju Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Wu, Xiangqian TI Comparison of the Calibration Algorithms and SI Traceability of MODIS, VIIRS, GOES, and GOES-R ABI Sensors SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE remote sensing; calibration algorithm; calibration equations; SI traceability; LEO and GEO optical sensors ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; SOLAR; IRRADIANCE AB The radiometric calibration equations for the thermal emissive bands (TEB) and the reflective solar bands (RSB) measurements of the earth scenes by the polar satellite sensors, (Terra and Aqua) MODIS and Suomi NPP (VIIRS), and geostationary sensors, GOES Imager and the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) are analyzed towards calibration algorithm harmonization on the basis of SI traceability which is one of the goals of the NOAA National Calibration Center (NCC). One of the overarching goals of NCC is to provide knowledge base on the NOAA operational satellite sensors and recommend best practices for achieving SI traceability for the radiance measurements on-orbit. As such, the calibration methodologies of these satellite optical sensors are reviewed in light of the recommended practice for radiometric calibration at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The equivalence of some of the spectral bands in these sensors for their end products is presented. The operational and calibration features of the sensors for on-orbit observation of radiance are also compared in tabular form. This review is also to serve as a quick cross reference to researchers and analysts on how the observed signals from these sensors in space are converted to radiances. C1 [Datla, Raju; Shao, Xi] ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Datla, R (reprint author), ERT Inc, NOAA Affiliate, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM raju.datla@noaa.gov; xi.shao@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.3390/rs8020126 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800006 ER PT J AU Hedley, JD Roelfsema, CM Chollett, I Harborne, AR Heron, SF Weeks, SJ Skirving, WJ Strong, AE Eakin, CM Christensen, TRL Ticzon, V Bejarano, S Mumby, PJ AF Hedley, John D. Roelfsema, Chris M. Chollett, Iliana Harborne, Alastair R. Heron, Scott F. Weeks, Scarla J. Skirving, William J. Strong, Alan E. Eakin, C. Mark Christensen, Tyler R. L. Ticzon, Victor Bejarano, Sonia Mumby, Peter J. TI Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs for Monitoring and Management: A Review SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE coral reef; management; monitoring; habitat; physical environment; review ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; LANDSAT TM IMAGERY; TROPICAL COASTAL RESOURCES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WATER COLUMN CORRECTION; BISCAYNE NATIONAL-PARK; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Coral reefs are in decline worldwide and monitoring activities are important for assessing the impact of disturbance on reefs and tracking subsequent recovery or decline. Monitoring by field surveys provides accurate data but at highly localised scales and so is not cost-effective for reef scale monitoring at frequent time points. Remote sensing from satellites is an alternative and complementary approach. While remote sensing cannot provide the level of detail and accuracy at a single point than a field survey, the statistical power for inferring large scale patterns benefits in having complete areal coverage. This review considers the state of the art of coral reef remote sensing for the diverse range of objectives relevant for management, ranging from the composition of the reef: physical extent, benthic cover, bathymetry, rugosity; to environmental parameters: sea surface temperature, exposure, light, carbonate chemistry. In addition to updating previous reviews, here we also consider the capability to go beyond basic maps of habitats or environmental variables, to discuss concepts highly relevant to stakeholders, policy makers and public communication: such as biodiversity, environmental threat and ecosystem services. A clear conclusion of the review is that advances in both sensor technology and processing algorithms continue to drive forward remote sensing capability for coral reef mapping, particularly with respect to spatial resolution of maps, and synthesis across multiple data products. Both trends can be expected to continue. C1 [Hedley, John D.] Environm Comp Sci Ltd, Raymond Penny House, Tiverton EX16 6LR, Devon, England. [Roelfsema, Chris M.] Univ Queensland, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Chollett, Iliana] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Harborne, Alastair R.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, Alastair R.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Harborne, Alastair R.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 3000 Northeast 151 St, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Eakin, C. Mark; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Weeks, Scarla J.] Univ Queensland, Biophys Oceanog Grp, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ticzon, Victor] Univ Philippines, Inst Biol Sci, Coll Arts & Sci, Los Banos Coll, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Bejarano, Sonia] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Fahrenheitstr 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Hedley, JD (reprint author), Environm Comp Sci Ltd, Raymond Penny House, Tiverton EX16 6LR, Devon, England. EM j.d.hedley@envirocs.com; c.roelfsema@uq.edu.au; iliana.chollett@gmail.com; a.harborne@uq.edu.au; scott.heron@noaa.gov; s.weeks@uq.edu.au; william.skirving@noaa.gov; alan.e.strong@noaa.gov; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; trlchristensen@gmail.com; vsticzon@up.edu.ph; sonia.bejarano@leibniz-zmt.de; p.j.mumby@uq.edu.au RI Harborne, Alastair/F-6155-2013; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Bejarano, Sonia/S-7784-2016 OI Harborne, Alastair/0000-0002-6818-8615; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Bejarano, Sonia/0000-0001-6451-6354 FU Summit Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council, UK [NE/F015704/1]; Australian Research Council [DE120102459] FX This paper was initiated as part of the World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building Program. The authors thank Andy Hooten and Marea Hatziolos for making this collaboration possible. I. Chollett is funded by the Summit Foundation and this is manuscript contribution number 1021 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida. A. Harborne was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (fellowship NE/F015704/1) and the Australian Research Council (fellowship DE120102459). The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 301 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 25 U2 58 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 118 DI 10.3390/rs8020118 PG 40 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800067 ER PT J AU Lee, S Cao, CY AF Lee, Shihyan Cao, Changyong TI Suomi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band Stray Light Characterization and Correction Using Calibration View Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; nighttime lights; Day; Night Band; VIS; NIR; VIIRS; on-orbit calibration; stray light; moon ID URBAN LAND-USE; CITY LIGHTS; IMPACT AB The Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) nighttime imagery quality is affected by stray light contamination. In this study, we examined the relationship between the Earth scene stray light and the signals in VIIRS's calibrators to better understand stray light characteristics and to improve upon the current correction method. Our analyses showed the calibrator signal to be highly predictive of Earth scene stray light and can provide additional stray light characteristics that are difficult to obtain from Earth scene data alone. In the current stray light correction regions (mid-to-high latitude), the stray light onset angles can be tracked by calibration view data to reduce correction biases. In the southern hemisphere, it is possible to identify the angular extent of the additional stray light feature in the calibration view data and develop a revised correction method to remove the additional stray light occurring during the southern hemisphere springtime. Outside of current stray light correction region, the analysis of calibration view data indicated occasional stray light contamination at low latitude and possible background biases caused by Moon illumination. As stray light affects a significant portion of nighttime scenes, further refinement in characterization and correction is important to ensure VIIRS DNB imagery quality for Soumi NPP and future missions. C1 [Lee, Shihyan] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lee, Shihyan] ERT Corp, Laurel, MD 20740 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20737 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Lee, S (reprint author), ERT Corp, Laurel, MD 20740 USA. EM shihyanlee@yahoo.com; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR UNSP 138 DI 10.3390/rs8020138 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800016 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Cao, CY AF Wang, Zhuo Cao, Changyong TI Assessing the Effects of Suomi NPP VIIRS M15/M16 Detector Radiometric Stability and Relative Spectral Response Variation on Striping SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; striping; LBLRTM; detector level Relative Spectral Response (RSR); striping index; atmospheric dependency; noise; stability ID WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; IMAGERY; MODEL AB Modern satellite radiometers have many detectors with different relative spectral response (RSR). Effect of RSR differences on striping and the root cause of striping in sensor data record (SDR) radiance and brightness temperature products have not been well studied. A previous study used MODTRAN radiative transfer model (RTM) to analyze striping. In this study, we make efforts to find the possible root causes of striping. Line-by-Line RTM (LBLRTM) is used to evaluate the effect of RSR difference on striping and the atmospheric dependency for VIIRS bands M15 and M16. The results show that previous study using MODTRAN is repeatable: the striping is related to the difference between band-averaged and detector-level RSR, and the BT difference has some atmospheric dependency. We also analyzed VIIRS earth view (EV) data with several striping index methods. Since the EV data is complex, we further analyze the onboard calibration data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test shows that the noise along track direction is the major reason for striping. We also found evidence of correlation between solar diffuser (SD) and blackbody (BB) for detector 1 in M15. Digital Count Restoration (DCR) and detector instability are possibly related to the striping in SD and EV data, but further analysis is needed. These findings can potentially lead to further SDR processing improvements. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001,Room 3045,M Sq, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, STAR Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NCWCP, E-RA2,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001,Room 3045,M Sq, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zhuo.Wang@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 145 DI 10.3390/rs8020145 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LR UT WOS:000371899100001 ER PT J AU Zhou, LH Divakarla, M Liu, XP AF Zhou, Lihang Divakarla, Murty Liu, Xingpin TI An Overview of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Science Data Product Calibration and Validation SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE JPSS; S-NPP; calibration; validation; AIT; AMP; NJO; IDPS; NDE; JSTAR; L1RDS ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL WATERS; VIIRS AB The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) will launch its first JPSS-1 satellite in early 2017. The JPSS-1 and follow-on satellites will carry aboard an array of instruments including the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). These instruments are similar to the instruments currently operating on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. In preparation for the JPSS-1 launch, the JPSS program at the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (JSTAR) Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) teams, have laid out the Cal/Val plans to oversee JPSS-1 science products' algorithm development efforts, verification and characterization of these algorithms during the pre-launch period, calibration and validation of the products during post-launch, and long-term science maintenance (LTSM). In addition, the team has developed the necessary schedules, deliverables and infrastructure for routing JPSS-1 science product algorithms for operational implementation. This paper presents an overview of these efforts. In addition, this paper will provide insight into the processes of both adapting S-NPP science products for JPSS-1 and performing upgrades for enterprise solutions, and will discuss Cal/Val processes and quality assurance procedures. C1 [Zhou, Lihang] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Divakarla, Murty; Liu, Xingpin] IM Syst Grp Inc, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Zhou, LH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Lihang.Zhou@noaa.gov; Murty.Divakarla@noaa.gov; Xingpin.Liu@noaa.gov RI Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871 FU NOAA JPSS Office (NJO) FX The work of JSTAR program is funded by NOAA JPSS Office (NJO). This paper describes the collective work of government industry and academic teams over the course of many years. The authors would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of all contributing individual companies and organizations. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.3390/rs8020139 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800015 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Wang, DD Liang, SL Yu, YY He, T AF Zhou, Yuan Wang, Dongdong Liang, Shunlin Yu, Yunyue He, Tao TI Assessment of the Suomi NPP VIIRS Land Surface Albedo Data Using Station Measurements and High -Resolution Albedo Maps SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE albedo; Suomi NPP; VIIRS; Landsat; accuracy assessment ID BROAD-BAND ALBEDO; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; MODIS DATA; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; FEEDBACKS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; FORESTS; SPACE AB Land surface albedo (LSA), one of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) environmental data records (EDRs), is a fundamental component for linking the land surface and the climate system by regulating shortwave energy exchange between the land and the atmosphere. Currently, the improved bright pixel sub-algorithm (BPSA) is a unique algorithm employed by VIIRS to routinely generate LSA EDR from VIIRS top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations. As a product validation procedure, LSA EDR reached validated (V1 stage) maturity in December 2014. This study summarizes recent progress in algorithm refinement, and presents comprehensive validation and evaluation results of VIIRS LSA by using extensive field measurements, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) albedo product, and Landsat-retrieved albedo maps. Results indicate that: (1) by testing the updated desert-specific look-up-table (LUT) that uses a stricter standard to select the training data specific for desert aerosol type in our local environment, it is found that the VIIRS LSA retrieval accuracy is improved over a desert surface and the absolute root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced from 0.036 to 0.023, suggesting the potential of the updated desert LUT to the improve the VIIRS LSA product accuracy; (2) LSA retrieval on snow-covered surfaces is more accurate if the newly developed snow-specific LUT (RMSE = 0.082) replaces the generic LUT (RMSE = 0.093) that is employed in the current operational LSA EDR production; (3) VIIRS LSA is also comparable to high-resolution Landsat albedo retrieval (RMSE < 0.04), although Landsat albedo has a slightly higher accuracy, probably owing to higher spatial resolution with less impacts of mixed pixel; (4) VIIRS LSA retrievals agree well with the MODIS albedo product over various land surface types, with overall RMSE of lower than 0.05 and the overall bias as low as 0.025, demonstrating the comparable data quality between VIIRS and the MODIS LSA product. C1 [Zhou, Yuan; Wang, Dongdong; Liang, Shunlin; He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yzhou128@umd.edu; ddwang@umd.edu; sliang@umd.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov; taohers@gmail.com RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; He, Tao/H-5130-2012; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988; FU JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team FX We thank the SURFRAD, BSRN, GC-Net, and Ameri-flux network for providing the field measurements of flux variables. This study is supported from the JPSS ground segment Data and Product Algorithm team. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 AR 137 DI 10.3390/rs8020137 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DG2LO UT WOS:000371898800017 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Wooldridge, C AF Brown, Molly E. Wooldridge, Charles TI IDENTIFYING AND QUANTIFYING BENEFITS OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) provides an international forum for the exchange of technical information on geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellite systems. In 2013, the CMGS established the Socioeconomic Benefits Tiger Team (SETT) to develop a credible methodology and common terminology for articulating the socioeconomic benefits of satellite observing systems, and to explore the most effective ways to communicate the benefits to decision makers and stakeholders. As part of its first years' activities, the SETT gathered examples of socioeconomic studies across all member organizations. This article describes key elements of these studies, and identified eight key themes that are presented. We welcome additional collaborations to identify opportunities to incorporate socioeconomic best practices, integrate these into additional or subsequent phases of work on new instruments and satellites, and develop recommendations for the way forward for the broader meteorological community. C1 [Brown, Molly E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall,7251 Preinkert Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wooldridge, Charles] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, 2181 Samuel J LeFrak Hall,7251 Preinkert Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mbrown52@umd.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00224.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VC UT WOS:000371854600001 ER PT J AU Chen, S Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Cao, Q Carr, N Kirstetter, PE Zhang, J Flamig, Z AF Chen, Sheng Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Cao, Qing Carr, Nicholas Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Zhang, Jian Flamig, Zac TI Using Citizen Science Reports to Evaluate Estimates of Surface Precipitation Type SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QPE AB In meteorological investigations, the reference variable or ground truth typically comes from an instrument. This study uses human observations of surface precipitation types to evaluate the same variables that are estimated from an automated algorithm. The NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory's Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system relies primarily on observations from the Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) network and model analyses from the Earth System Research Laboratory's Rapid Refresh (RAP) system. Each hour, MRMS yields quantitative precipitation estimates and surface precipitation types as rain or snow. To date, the surface precipitation type product has received little attention beyond case studies. This study uses precipitation type reports collected by citizen scientists who have contributed observations to the meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project. Citizen scientist reports of rain and snow during the winter season from 19 December 2012 to 30 April 2013 across the United States are compared to the MRMS precipitation type products. Results show that while the mPING reports have a limited spatial distribution (they are concentrated in urban areas), they yield similar critical success indexes of MRMS precipitation types in different cities. The remaining disagreement is attributed to an MRMS algorithmic deficiency of yielding too much rain, as opposed to biases in the mPING reports. The study also shows reduced detectability of snow compared to rain, which is attributed to lack of sensitivity at S band and the shallow nature of winter storms. Some suggestions are provided for improving the MRMS precipitation type algorithm based on these findings. C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Carr, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang; Carr, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat, Enterprise, AL USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Zhang, Jian; Flamig, Zac] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Flamig, Zac] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU HyDROS Lab at the University of Oklahoma; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX This work was partially supported by HyDROS Lab at the University of Oklahoma. Partial funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00247.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VD UT WOS:000371854700001 ER PT J AU Greenwald, TJ Pierce, RB Schaack, T Otkin, J Rogal, M Bah, K Lenzen, A Nelson, J Li, J Huang, HL AF Greenwald, Thomas J. Pierce, R. Bradley Schaack, Todd Otkin, Jason Rogal, Marek Bah, Kaba Lenzen, Allen Nelson, Jim Li, Jun Huang, Hung-Lung TI REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF THE GOES-R ABI FOR USER READINESS AND PRODUCT EVALUATION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; WRF MODEL; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; FORECASTS; AIRCRAFT; ACCURACY AB In support of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series (GOES-R) program, the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison is generating high quality simulated Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) radiances and derived products in real time over the continental United States. These data are mainly used for testing data-handling systems, evaluating ABI-derived products, and providing training material for forecasters participating in GOES-R Proving Ground test bed activities. The modeling system used to generate these datasets consists of advanced regional and global numerical weather prediction models in addition to state-of-the-art radiative transfer models, retrieval algorithms, and land surface datasets. The system and its generated products are evaluated for the 2014 Pacific Northwest wildfires; the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado; and Hurricane Sandy. Simulated aerosol optical depth over the Front Range of Colorado during the Pacific Northwest wildfires was validated using high-density Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. The aerosol, cloud, and meteorological modeling system used to generate ABI radiances was found to capture the transport of smoke from the Pacific wildfires into the Front Range of Colorado and true-color imagery created from these simulated radiances provided visualization of the smoke plumes. Evaluation of selected simulated ABI-derived products for the Moore tornado and Hurricane Sandy cases was done using real-time GOES sounder/imager products produced at CIMSS. Results show that simulated ABI moisture and atmospheric stability products, cloud products, and red-green-blue (RGB) airmass composite imagery are well suited as proxy ABI data for user preparedness. C1 [Greenwald, Thomas J.; Schaack, Todd; Otkin, Jason; Rogal, Marek; Bah, Kaba; Lenzen, Allen; Nelson, Jim; Li, Jun; Huang, Hung-Lung] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Greenwald, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tomg@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU GOES-R program through NOAA [NA10NES4400013]; NASA; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575, ATM060029] FX Support was provided by the GOES-R program through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10NES4400013. We wish to thank Graeme Martin for his programming efforts and Brent Holben at NASA for providing the DISCOVER-AQ DRAGON data. We also acknowledge NOAA/NESDIS for providing time on the S4 supercomputer to run the WRF-Chem model and CRTM as part of our real-time system. Special thanks are given to the National Science Foundation-supported TeraGrid and Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) supercomputing networks for providing computing resources (under Grants OCI-1053575 and ATM060029) to perform high-resolution model simulations during the early years of the project. We also recognize three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 97 IS 2 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00007.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG1VL UT WOS:000371855500001 ER PT J AU Luterbacher, J Werner, JP Smerdon, JE Fernandez-Donado, L Gonzalez-Rouco, FJ Barriopedro, D Ljungqvist, FC Buntgen, U Zorita, E Wagner, S Esper, J McCarroll, D Toreti, A Frank, D Jungclaus, JH Barriendos, M Bertolin, C Bothe, O Brazdil, R Camuffo, D Dobrovolny, P Gagen, M Garica-Bustamante, E Ge, Q Gomez-Navarro, JJ Guiot, J Hao, Z Hegerl, GC Holmgren, K Klimenko, VV Martin-Chivelet, J Pfister, C Roberts, N Schindler, A Schurer, A Solomina, O von Gunten, L Wahl, E Wanner, H Wetter, O Xoplaki, E Yuan, N Zanchettin, D Zhang, H Zerefos, C AF Luterbacher, J. Werner, J. P. Smerdon, J. E. Fernandez-Donado, L. Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J. Barriopedro, D. Ljungqvist, F. C. Buentgen, U. Zorita, E. Wagner, S. Esper, J. McCarroll, D. Toreti, A. Frank, D. Jungclaus, J. H. Barriendos, M. Bertolin, C. Bothe, O. Brazdil, R. Camuffo, D. Dobrovolny, P. Gagen, M. Garica-Bustamante, E. Ge, Q. Gomez-Navarro, J. J. Guiot, J. Hao, Z. Hegerl, G. C. Holmgren, K. Klimenko, V. V. Martin-Chivelet, J. Pfister, C. Roberts, N. Schindler, A. Schurer, A. Solomina, O. von Gunten, L. Wahl, E. Wanner, H. Wetter, O. Xoplaki, E. Yuan, N. Zanchettin, D. Zhang, H. Zerefos, C. TI European summer temperatures since Roman times SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Common Era; heat waves; paleoclimatology; Bayesian hierarchical modelling; European summer temperature reconstruction; ensemble of climate model simulations; Medieval Climate Anomaly ID RECONSTRUCTING CLIMATE ANOMALIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURE; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; LAST 1000 YEARS; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; FORCING RECONSTRUCTIONS; BAYESIAN ALGORITHM; PMIP SIMULATIONS; PAST MILLENNIUM AB The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatiotemporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June-August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951-2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986-2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850-2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales. C1 [Luterbacher, J.; Xoplaki, E.; Yuan, N.; Zhang, H.] Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, Senckenbergstr 1, D-35930 Giessen, Germany. [Werner, J. P.] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, Allegt 41, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Werner, J. P.] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Allegt 41, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Smerdon, J. E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fernandez-Donado, L.; Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J.; Barriopedro, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Inst Geociencias IGEO, Ctr Super Invest Cientif, Ciudad Univ, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Ljungqvist, F. C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Hist, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ljungqvist, F. C.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Buentgen, U.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Zorita, E.; Wagner, S.] Inst Coastal Res, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Esper, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Geog, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [McCarroll, D.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Toreti, A.] Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Jungclaus, J. H.; Bothe, O.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Barriendos, M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Modern Hist, Montalegre 6, E-08001 Barcelona, Spain. [Bertolin, C.; Camuffo, D.] Natl Res Council Italy CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate ISAC, Padua, Italy. [Bertolin, C.] Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Architectural Design Hist & Technol, Res Ctr Zero Emiss Bldg, Trondheim, Norway. [Brazdil, R.; Dobrovolny, P.] Masaryk Univ, Inst Geog, Brno, Czech Republic. [Brazdil, R.; Dobrovolny, P.] Global Change Res Ctr AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic. [Garica-Bustamante, E.] Univ Murcia, Dept Phys, Murcia, Spain. [Ge, Q.; Hao, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gomez-Navarro, J. J.; Pfister, C.; Wanner, H.; Wetter, O.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Guiot, J.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, F-13545 Aix en Provence, France. [Hegerl, G. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, James Hutton Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, Midlothian, Scotland. [Holmgren, K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Holmgren, K.] Navarino Environm Observ, Costa Navarino, Messinia, Greece. [Klimenko, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Krasnokazarmennaya St 14, Moscow 111250, Russia. [Klimenko, V. V.] Global Energy Problems Lab, Moscow Energy, Krasnokazarmennaya St 14, Moscow 111250, Russia. [Martin-Chivelet, J.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Geol, Dept Estratig, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Roberts, N.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Schindler, A.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol Meteoswiss, Operat Ctr 1, CH-8058 Zurich, Switzerland. [Solomina, O.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Staromonetny 29, Moscow, Russia. [von Gunten, L.] PAGES Int Project Off, Falkenplatz 16, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Wahl, E.] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Boulder, CO USA. [Zanchettin, D.] Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30123 Venice, Italy. [Zerefos, C.] Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Athens, Greece. [Fernandez-Donado, L.; Gonzalez-Rouco, F. J.; Barriopedro, D.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Astron & Astrofis 2, Ciudad Univ, E-28010 Madrid, Spain. [Garica-Bustamante, E.] CIEMAT, Renewable Energy Unit, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Navarro, J. J.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. RP Luterbacher, J (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Dept Geog Climatol Climate Dynam & Climate Change, Senckenbergstr 1, D-35930 Giessen, Germany. EM juerg.luterbacher@geogr.uni-giessen.de RI Bothe, Oliver/J-2975-2012; Smerdon, Jason/F-9952-2011; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/I-5770-2012; McCarroll, Danny/E-5749-2011; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013; Brazdil, Rudolf/H-3156-2014; Werner, Johannes/H-5702-2012; Klimenko, Vladimir/O-3105-2013; Solomina, Olga/J-8353-2013; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/B-1761-2012; Dobrovolny, Petr/F-7722-2013; Gomez-Navarro, Juan Jose/L-3962-2014; Guiot, Joel/G-7818-2011 OI Bothe, Oliver/0000-0002-6257-8786; von Gunten, Lucien/0000-0003-0425-2881; Wetter, Oliver/0000-0003-1200-3498; Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik/0000-0003-0220-3947; McCarroll, Danny/0000-0002-5992-5070; Werner, Johannes/0000-0003-4015-7398; Klimenko, Vladimir/0000-0002-1397-1311; Gonzalez-Rouco, Jesus Fidel/0000-0001-7090-6797; Gomez-Navarro, Juan Jose/0000-0001-5488-775X; Guiot, Joel/0000-0001-7345-4466 FU German Science Foundation; Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC) [CGL2011-28255]; Czech Science Foundation [GA13-04291S]; Russian Science Foundation [14-19-00765]; Russian Foundation for Humanities [15-07-00012, 15-37-11129]; ERC [EC-320691]; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society [WM130060]; LOEWE excellence cluster FACE2-FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; DFG project AFICHE; Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen; [CGL2011-29677-c02-02]; [CGL2014-599644-R] FX Support for PAGES 2k activities is provided by the US and Swiss National Science Foundations, US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. JPW acknowledges support from the Centre of Climate Dynamics (SKD), Bergen. The work of OB, SW and EZ is part of CLISAP. JL, SW, EZ, JPW, JGN, OB also acknowledge support by the German Science Foundation Project 'Precipitation in the past millennia in Europe-Extension back to Roman times'. MB acknowledges the Catalan Meteorological Survey (SMC), National Programme I + D, Project CGL2011-28255. PD and RB acknowledge support from the Czech Science Foundation project no. GA13-04291S. VK was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-19-00765) and the Russian Foundation for Humanities (grants 15-07-00012, 15-37-11129). GH and AS are supported by the ERC funded project TITAN (EC-320691). GH was further funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. NY is funded by the LOEWE excellence cluster FACE2-FACE of the Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts; HZ acknowledge support from the DFG project AFICHE. Lamont contribution #7961. The reconstructions can be downloaded from the NOAA paleoclimate homepage: www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19600. LFD, EGB and JFGR were supported by grants CGL2011-29677-c02-02 and CGL2014-599644-R. All authors are part of the Euro-Med 2k Consortium. NR 98 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 25 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 11 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF6SX UT WOS:000371488300003 ER PT J AU Bennett, S Pess, G Bouwes, N Roni, P Bilby, RE Gallagher, S Ruzycki, J Buehrens, T Krueger, K Ehinger, W Anderson, J Jordan, C Bowersox, B Greene, C AF Bennett, Stephen Pess, George Bouwes, Nicolaas Roni, Phil Bilby, Robert E. Gallagher, Sean Ruzycki, Jim Buehrens, Thomas Krueger, Kirk Ehinger, William Anderson, Joseph Jordan, Chris Bowersox, Brett Greene, Correigh TI Progress and Challenges of Testing the Effectiveness of Stream Restoration in the Pacific Northwest Using Intensively Monitored Watersheds SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HABITAT RESTORATION; RIVER RESTORATION; STATISTICAL POWER; COASTAL STREAM; ECOSYSTEM; COLUMBIA; SALMON; MANAGEMENT; STEELHEAD; ABUNDANCE AB Across the Pacific Northwest, at least 17 intensively monitored watershed projects have been implemented to test the effectiveness of a broad range of stream restoration actions for increasing the freshwater production of salmon and steelhead and to better understand fish-habitat relationships. We assess the scope and status of these projects and report on challenges implementing them. We suggest that all intensively monitored watersheds should contain key elements based on sound experimental design concepts and be implemented within an adaptive management framework to maximize learning. The most significant challenges reported by groups were (1) improving coordination between funders, restoration groups, and researchers so that restoration and monitoring actions occur based on the project design and (2) maintaining consistent funding to conduct annual monitoring and evaluation of data. However, we conclude that despite these challenges, the intensively monitored watershed approach is the most reliable means of assessing the efficacy of watershed-scale restoration. C1 [Bennett, Stephen] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Pess, George; Jordan, Chris] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT USA. [Roni, Phil] Cramer Fish Sci, Sammamish, WA USA. [Bilby, Robert E.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA USA. [Gallagher, Sean] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ft Bragg, CA USA. [Ruzycki, Jim] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. [Buehrens, Thomas] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA USA. [Krueger, Kirk; Anderson, Joseph] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA. [Ehinger, William] Washington Dept Ecol, Lacey, WA USA. [Bowersox, Brett] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID USA. [Greene, Correigh] NOAA, Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bennett, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM bennett.ecological@gmail.com OI Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program - Bonneville Power Administration Environment Fish and Wildlife [2003-017]; Washington Recreation and Conservation Office; Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board; California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; Salmon Recovery Funding Board FX We thank Jennifer Bayer and the Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership for hosting the intensively monitored watershed meeting and providing support for gathering and summarizing the findings. Rebecca Scully provided assistance in coordinating the IMW working group and collating all the online supplements. Martha Jensen updated the IMW location map. Sponsors of IMWs include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program - Bonneville Power Administration Environment Fish and Wildlife (Project #2003-017), Washington Recreation and Conservation Office, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, California Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, and Salmon Recovery Funding Board. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 2 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1080/03632415.2015.1127805 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DF9FJ UT WOS:000371666100002 ER PT J AU Stenz, R Dong, XQ Xi, BK Feng, Z Kuligowski, RJ AF Stenz, Ronald Dong, Xiquan Xi, Baike Feng, Zhe Kuligowski, Robert J. TI Improving Satellite Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Using GOES-Retrieved Cloud Optical Depth SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Observational techniques and algorithms; Satellite observations; Radars/Radar observations; Hydrology; Algorithms; Convective storms; Remote sensing ID UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; RADAR; QPE; SYSTEM; Q2 AB To address gaps in ground-based radar coverage and rain gauge networks in the United States, geostationary satellite quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) such as the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) can be used to fill in both spatial and temporal gaps of ground-based measurements. Additionally, with the launch of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series (GOES-R), the temporal resolution of satellite QPEs may be comparable to Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) volume scans as GOES images will be available every 5 min. However, while satellite QPEs have strengths in spatial coverage and temporal resolution, they face limitations, particularly during convective events. Deep convective systems (DCSs) have large cloud shields with similar brightness temperatures (BTs) over nearly the entire system, but widely varying precipitation rates beneath these clouds. Geostationary satellite QPEs relying on the indirect relationship between BTs and precipitation rates often suffer from large errors because anvil regions (little or no precipitation) cannot be distinguished from rain cores (heavy precipitation) using only BTs. However, a combination of BTs and optical depth tau has been found to reduce overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions. A new rain mask algorithm incorporating both tau and BTs has been developed, and its application to the existing SCaMPR algorithm was evaluated. The performance of the modified SCaMPR was evaluated using traditional skill scores and a more detailed analysis of performance in individual DCS components by utilizing the Feng et al. classification algorithm. SCaMPR estimates with the new rain mask benefited from significantly reduced overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions and overall improvements in skill scores. C1 [Stenz, Ronald; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Feng, Zhe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM dong@aero.und.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Feng, Zhe/E-1877-2015 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117; Feng, Zhe/0000-0002-7540-9017 FU NOAA GOES-R project at the University of North Dakota [NA11NES440004]; U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research project [DE-SC0008468]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research FX The Q2 product was obtained from the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. This research was primarily supported by NOAA GOES-R project with Award Number NA11NES440004 at the University of North Dakota. The University of North Dakota authors were also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research project with Award Number DE-SC0008468. Dr. Zhe Feng developed the hybrid classification scheme used in this study. He was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program and Atmospheric System Research program. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0057.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF8MQ UT WOS:000371612300003 ER PT J AU Ignatova, T Balaeff, A Blades, M Zheng, M Stoeckl, P Rotkin, SV AF Ignatova, Tetyana Balaeff, Alexander Blades, Michael Zheng, Ming Stoeckl, Peter Rotkin, Slava V. TI Two-color spectroscopy of UV excited ssDNA complex with a single-wall nanotube photoluminescence probe: Fast relaxation by nucleobase autoionization mechanism SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE single-wall nanotube; optical spectroscopy; two-color spectroscopy; DNA autoionization; DNA ultraviolet (UV) excitation; quantum-mechanical modeling ID CHARGE-TRANSFER MECHANISM; CARBON NANOTUBES; NUCLEIC-ACID; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BROKEN SYMMETRY; STATE DYNAMICS; DRUG-DELIVERY; HOLE TRANSFER; DNA HAIRPINS AB DNA autoionization is a fundamental process wherein ultraviolet (UV)-photoexcited nucleobases dissipate energy by charge transfer to the environment without undergoing chemical damage. Here, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are explored as a photoluminescent reporter for the study of the mechanism and rates of DNA autoionization. Two-color photoluminescence spectroscopy allows separate photoexcitation of the DNA and the SWNTs in the UV and visible range, respectively. A strong SWNT photoluminescence quenching is observed when the UV pump is resonant with the DNA absorption, consistent with charge transfer from the excited states of the DNA to the SWNT. Semiempirical calculations of the DNA-SWNT electronic structure, combined with a Green's function theory for charge transfer, show a 20 fs autoionization rate, dominated by hole transfer. Rate-equation analysis of the spectroscopy data confirms that the quenching rate is limited by thermalization of the free charge carriers transferred to the nanotube reservoir. This approach has great potential for monitoring DNA excitation, autoionization, and chemical damage, both in vivo and in vitro. C1 [Ignatova, Tetyana; Blades, Michael] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Balaeff, Alexander] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, 12424 Res Pkwy,Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoeckl, Peter] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Rotkin, Slava V.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Rotkin, SV (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.; Rotkin, SV (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM rotkin@lehigh.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1202398, ECCS-1509786]; University of Central Florida FX T. I. and S. V. R. acknowledge support by National Science Foundation (Nos. ECCS-1202398 and ECCS-1509786); P. S. acknowledges REU NSF (No. PHY-1359195). A. B. acknowledges the startup fund support from the University of Central Florida. The authors gratefully acknowledge access to facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for PL measurements and the computational time support from the UCF Advanced Research Computing Center STOKES. We are thankful to Dr. J. Fagan as the host at NIST, Dr. J. Reimers for providing us with the CNDO code, and Dr. D. Roxbury for providing the MD trajectory. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s12274-015-0938-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DG1BA UT WOS:000371798800029 ER PT J AU Li, VA Dorrill, R Duvall, MJ Koblanski, J Negrashov, S Sakai, M Wipperfurth, SA Engel, K Jocher, GR Learned, JG Macchiarulo, L Matsuno, S McDonough, WF Mumm, HP Murillo, J Nishimura, K Rosen, M Usman, SM Varner, GS AF Li, V. A. Dorrill, R. Duvall, M. J. Koblanski, J. Negrashov, S. Sakai, M. Wipperfurth, S. A. Engel, K. Jocher, G. R. Learned, J. G. Macchiarulo, L. Matsuno, S. McDonough, W. F. Mumm, H. P. Murillo, J. Nishimura, K. Rosen, M. Usman, S. M. Varner, G. S. TI Invited Article: miniTimeCube SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL New York, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept ID NEUTRINO; ENERGY; REACTORS; CHIP AB We present the development of the miniTimeCube (mTC), a novel compact neutrino detector. The mTC is a multipurpose detector, aiming to detect not only neutrinos but also fast/thermal neutrons. Potential applications include the counterproliferation of nuclear materials and the investigation of antineutrino short-baseline effects. The mTC is a plastic 0.2% B-10-doped scintillator (13 cm)(3) cube surrounded by 24 Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) photon detectors, each with an 8 x 8 anode totaling 1536 individual channels/pixels viewing the scintillator. It uses custom-made electronics modules which mount on top of the MCPs, making our detector compact and able to both distinguish different types of events and reject noise in real time. The detector is currently deployed and being tested at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research nuclear reactor (20 MWth) in Gaithersburg MD. A shield for further tests is being constructed, and calibration and upgrades are ongoing. The mTC's improved spatiotemporal resolution will allow for determination of incident particle directions beyond previous capabilities. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license C1 [Li, V. A.; Dorrill, R.; Duvall, M. J.; Koblanski, J.; Negrashov, S.; Sakai, M.; Learned, J. G.; Macchiarulo, L.; Matsuno, S.; Murillo, J.; Rosen, M.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Negrashov, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wipperfurth, S. A.; Engel, K.; McDonough, W. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jocher, G. R.; Nishimura, K.] Ultralytics LLC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mumm, H. P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Usman, S. M.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Exploratory Sci & Technol Branch, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Usman, S. M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Li, VA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM vli2@hawaii.edu RI McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Wipperfurth, Scott/0000-0001-6336-0060; Jocher, Glenn/0000-0001-5950-6979 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1063/1.4942243 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG0FQ UT WOS:000371740900214 PM 26931826 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Thompson, James K. TI Simple laser stabilization to the strontium Sr-88 transition at 707 nm SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY AUG 23-28, 2015 CL New York, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept ID ATOMS; STATE AB We describe frequency stabilization of a laser at 707 nm wavelength using FM spectroscopy in a hollow cathode lamp. The laser is stabilized to the Sr-88 metastable P-3(2) to S-3(1) optical transition. The stabilized laser is utilized for laser-cooling and trapping of strontium atoms. We also briefly describe how the same hollow cathode lamp is used to simultaneously derive a polarization spectroscopy signal for stabilizing the blue-MOT laser at 461 nm. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 2 AR 023110 DI 10.1063/1.4942434 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DG0FQ UT WOS:000371740900225 PM 26931837 ER PT J AU Biasotti, S Cerri, A Aono, M Ben Hamza, A Garro, V Giachetti, A Giorgi, D Godil, A Li, C Sanada, C Spagnuolo, M Tatsuma, A Velasco-Forero, S AF Biasotti, S. Cerri, A. Aono, M. Ben Hamza, A. Garro, V. Giachetti, A. Giorgi, D. Godil, A. Li, C. Sanada, C. Spagnuolo, M. Tatsuma, A. Velasco-Forero, S. TI Retrieval and classification methods for textured 3D models: a comparative study SO VISUAL COMPUTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3DOR Workshop CY APR 06, 2014 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE DE Shape retrieval; Shape classification; Textured 3D models ID SHAPE RETRIEVAL; OBJECT RECOGNITION; IMAGE RETRIEVAL; COMBINING COLOR; RADIAL SYMMETRY; SURFACES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESCRIPTORS; DIFFUSION; GEOMETRY AB This paper presents a comparative study of six methods for the retrieval and classification of textured 3D models, which have been selected as representative of the state of the art. To better analyse and control how methods deal with specific classes of geometric and texture deformations, we built a collection of 572 synthetic textured mesh models, in which each class includes multiple texture and geometric modifications of a small set of null models. Results show a challenging, yet lively, scenario and also reveal interesting insights into how to deal with texture information according to different approaches, possibly working in the CIELab as well as in modifications of the RGB colour space. C1 [Biasotti, S.; Cerri, A.; Spagnuolo, M.] CNR, Ist Matemat Applicata & Tecnol Informat E Magenes, Genoa, Italy. [Garro, V.; Giorgi, D.] CNR, Ist Sci & Tecnol Informaz A Faedo, Pisa, Italy. [Garro, V.; Giachetti, A.] Univ Verona, Dipartimento Informat, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Ben Hamza, A.] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Giorgi, D.; Godil, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aono, M.; Sanada, C.; Tatsuma, A.] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. [Velasco-Forero, S.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Math, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Cerri, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Matemat Applicata & Tecnol Informat E Magenes, Genoa, Italy. EM silvia.biasotti@ge.imati.cnr.it; andrea.cerri@ge.imati.cnr.it RI Spagnuolo, Michela/F-5068-2013; Cerri, Andrea/B-8129-2015; GIORGI, DANIELA/B-3998-2017; Biasotti, Silvia/G-8602-2012 OI Spagnuolo, Michela/0000-0002-5682-6990; Cerri, Andrea/0000-0003-3619-8963; GIORGI, DANIELA/0000-0002-6752-6918; Biasotti, Silvia/0000-0002-9992-825X NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2789 EI 1432-2315 J9 VISUAL COMPUT JI Visual Comput. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 217 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s00371-015-1146-3 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DF9FU UT WOS:000371667200007 ER PT J AU Penzo, E Palma, M Chenet, DA Ao, GY Zheng, M Hone, JC Wind, SJ AF Penzo, Erika Palma, Matteo Chenet, Daniel A. Ao, Geyou Zheng, Ming Hone, James C. Wind, Shalom J. TI Directed Assembly of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors. SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; directed assembly; DNA-wrapped SWCNT; carbon nanotube FETs ID AC-DIELECTROPHORESIS; LARGE-SCALE; GROWTH; SEPARATION; ARRAYS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTITION; MONOLAYER; DEVICES; SURFACE AB The outstanding electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have made them prime candidates for future nanoelectronics technologies. One of the main obstacles to the implementation of advanced SWCNT electronics to date is the inability to arrange them in a manner suitable for complex circuits. Directed assembly of SWCNT segments onto lithographically patterned and chemically functionalized substrates is a promising way to organize SWCNTs in topologies that are amenable to integration for advanced applications, but the placement and orientational control required have not yet been demonstrated. We have developed a technique for assembling length sorted and chirality monodisperse DNA -wrapped SWCNT segments on hydrophilic lines patterned on a passivated oxidized silicon substrate. Placement of individual SWCNT segments at predetermined locations was achieved with nanometer accuracy. Three terminal electronic devices, consisting of a single SWCNT segment placed either beneath or on top of metallic source/drain electrodes were fabricated. Devices made with semiconducting nanotubes behaved as typical p -type field effect transistors (FETs), whereas devices made with metallic nanotubes had a finite resistance with little or no gate modulation. This scalable, high resolution approach represents an important step forward toward the potential implementation of complex SWCNT devices and circuits. C1 [Penzo, Erika; Palma, Matteo; Wind, Shalom J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chenet, Daniel A.; Hone, James C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ao, Geyou; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Penzo, Erika] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palma, Matteo] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, London, England. RP Wind, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sw2128@columbia.edu RI Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011 OI Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1117] FX The authors thank Profs. C. Nuckolls and M. Sheetz for resource support, as well as the staff and facilities of the Columbia Nano Initiative cleanroom, where much of the fabrication work was performed. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N00014-09-1-1117. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2016 VL 10 IS 2 BP 2975 EP 2981 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b00353 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DE9VL UT WOS:000370987400143 PM 26807948 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Yaduvanshi, A Singh, SK Islam, T Gupta, M AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Yaduvanshi, Aradhana Singh, Sudhir Kumar Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika TI Support vector machines and generalized linear models for quantifying soil dehydrogenase activity in agro-forestry system of mid altitude central Himalaya SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dehydrogenase activity; Agro-forestry system; Support vector machines; Generalized linear models; Central Himalaya ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATION; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SMOS SATELLITE; MOISTURE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB In natural ecosystems, the linkages between inputs of carbon from plants, soil moisture (SM) and microbial activity are central to our understanding of nutrient cycling. Predictions of microbial activities in soil are important as they indicate the potential of the soil to support biochemical processes that are essential for the maintenance of soil fertility as well as productivity. The dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in soil provides information on microbial activities of the soil. However, estimation of DHA activity over complex terrain such as soils of the central Himalaya is not always possible due to very harsh environment and climatic conditions. In this study, the attempts were made to estimate the DHA in the soil of mid altitude central Himalaya using computational intelligence techniques. The linear and non-linear correlation results indicate that the fluctuations in SM and organic carbon (OC) in the root zone affect DHA and can be used as predictors for DHA. Therefore, the performances of support vector machines (SVMs) and generalized linear models (GLMs) were attempted for the prediction of DHA over mid altitude central Himalaya using information of SM and OC. The results showed that the SVM was giving a much better performance than GLM using SM and OC and could be promising and cost effective approach for soil DHA prediction over complex ecosystem. Our results are also of considerable scientific and practical value to the wider scientific community, given the number of practical applications and research studies in which SM and OC datasets are used. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Yaduvanshi, Aradhana] Birla Inst Technol, Ctr Excellence Climatol, Ranchi, Bihar, India. [Singh, Sudhir Kumar] Univ Allahabad, Nehru Sci Ctr, K Banerjee Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, IIDS, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 EI 1866-6299 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 75 IS 4 AR 299 DI 10.1007/s12665-015-5074-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA DF5LO UT WOS:000371393400022 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Manzello, SL AF Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. TI Firebrand production from building components fitted with siding treatments SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; WUI fires ID FULL-SCALE; GENERATION; FLIGHT; WIND; SIZE AB Firebrand production from real-scale building components under well-controlled laboratory conditions was investigated. Re-entrant corner assemblies were ignited and during the combustion process, firebrands were collected to determine the size/mass distribution generated from such real-scale building components under varying wind speed. In prior work, a unique ignition methodology was developed to generate firebrands from re-entrant corner assemblies constructed of wood studs and oriented strand board (OSB). In this study, this ignition methodology was applied to re-entrant corners constructed from wood studs/OSB but fitted with actual siding treatments (tar paper and cedar siding) to determine the influence of siding treatments on firebrand generation from wall assemblies. Firebrands were collected with pans filled with water, and then the size and mass of firebrands were measured after drying. The size and mass distributions of firebrands collected in this study were compared with the data from prior component tests as well as the limited studies available in the literature on this topic. Some firebrands were found to be lighter for a given projected area than others, likely produced from cedar siding or tar paper. The effects of applied siding treatments on firebrand production are discussed in detail. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka] NRIFD, Large Fire Lab, Chofu, Tokyo 1820082, Japan. [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sayakas@fri.go.jp; samuelm@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 80 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.01.004 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DF5DF UT WOS:000371371300008 PM 27114643 ER PT J AU Schroeder, A Basara, J Shepherd, JM Nelson, S AF Schroeder, Amanda Basara, Jeffrey Shepherd, J. Marshall Nelson, Steven TI Insights into Atmospheric Contributors to Urban Flash Flooding across the United States Using an Analysis of Rawinsonde Data and Associated Calculated Parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Moisture/moisture budget; Anomalies; Climatology; Operational forecasting; Radiosonde observations ID EVENTS AB Flooding is routinely one of the most deadly weather-related hazards in the United States, which highlights the need for more hydrometeorological research related to forecasting these hazardous events. Building upon previous literature, a synergistic study analyzes hydrometeorological aspects of major urban flood events in the United States from 1977 through 2014 caused by locally heavy precipitation. Primary datasets include upper-air soundings and climatological precipitable water (PW) distributions. A major finding of this work is that major urban flood events are associated with extremely anomalous PW values, many of which exceeded the 99th percentile of the associated climatological dataset and all of which were greater than 150% of the climatological mean values. However, of the 40 cases examined in this study, only 15 had PW values that exceeded 50.4 mm (2 in.), illustrating the importance of including the location-specific PW climatology in a PW analysis relevant to the potential for flash floods. Additionally, these events revealed that, despite geographic location and time of year, most had a warm cloud depth of at least 6 km, which is defined here as the layer between the lifting condensation level and the height of the -10 degrees C level. A "composite" flood sounding was also calculated and revealed a characteristically tropical structure, despite cases related to tropical cyclones being excluded from the study. C1 [Schroeder, Amanda; Shepherd, J. Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schroeder, Amanda; Nelson, Steven] Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Basara, Jeffrey] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Basara, Jeffrey] Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK USA. RP Schroeder, A (reprint author), 3401 Northern Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. EM amanda.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Measurement Mission Program for their support on this project through a NASA ROSES grant. Also, they thank Matt Bunkers from the NWS WFO Rapid City, South Dakota, for his willingness to share information regarding the PW climatology, and Greg Patrick from the NWS WFO Fort Worth, for manuscript preparation assistance. Additionally, the authors thank Patrick Marsh for his assistance with the acquisition of the NSHARP sounding files, David Gagne and Andrew MacKenzie for their support with the visualization of the composite sounding, and Matt Taraldsen for his assistance with the visualization of the UA locations using GIS. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 55 IS 2 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0232.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1WX UT WOS:000370418300004 ER PT J AU Berdalet, E Fleming, LE Gowen, R Davidson, K Hess, P Backer, LC Moore, SK Hoagland, P Enevoldsen, H AF Berdalet, Elisa Fleming, Lora E. Gowen, Richard Davidson, Keith Hess, Philipp Backer, Lorraine C. Moore, Stephanie K. Hoagland, Porter Enevoldsen, Henrik TI Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal blooms; human health and wellbeing; marine biotoxins; ecosystem services ID FLORIDA RED TIDE; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE; FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN COAST; GULF-OF-MEXICO; 13-DESMETHYL SPIROLIDE-C; KARENIA-MIKIMOTOI BLOOM; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; SAMPLE PROCESSOR ESP; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause harm to humans and other organisms. These harmful algal blooms (HABs) have direct impacts on human health and negative influences on human wellbeing, mainly through their consequences to coastal ecosystem services (fisheries, tourism and recreation) and other marine organisms and environments. HABs are natural phenomena, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. Global warming and associated changes in the oceans could affect HAB occurrences and toxicity as well, although forecasting the possible trends is still speculative and requires intensive multidisciplinary research. At the beginning of the 21st century, with expanding human populations, particularly in coastal and developing countries, mitigating HABs impacts on human health and wellbeing is becoming a more pressing public health need. The available tools to address this global challenge include maintaining intensive, multidisciplinary and collaborative scientific research, and strengthening the coordination with stakeholders, policymakers and the general public. Here we provide an overview of different aspects of the HABs phenomena, an important element of the intrinsic links between oceans and human health and wellbeing. C1 [Berdalet, Elisa] Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Exeter, Sch Med, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England. [Gowen, Richard] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Fisheries & Aquat Ecosyst Branch, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gowen, Richard; Davidson, Keith] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci SAMS, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Hess, Philipp] IFREMER, Lab Phycotoxines, BP21105,Rue lIle Yeu, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-60, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hoagland, Porter] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Enevoldsen, Henrik] Univ Copenhagen, UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, Univ Pk 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Berdalet, E (reprint author), Inst Ciencies Mar CSIC, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. EM berdalet@icm.csic.es RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; BERDALET, ELISA/K-6956-2014; OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; BERDALET, ELISA/0000-0003-1123-9706; Hoagland, Porter/0000-0003-0744-4184 FU UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the MEDMI Project; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Public Health England (PHE); University of Exeter; University College London; Met Office; European Regional Development Fund Programme; European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall; Isles of Scilly (University of Exeter Medical School); Spanish Government (MINECO) [CTM2014-53818-R]; BBSRC-NERC research programme; Ifremer (RISALTOX); Regional Council of the Pays de la Loire (COSELMAR); US National Science Foundation under NSF/CNH [1009106]; SCOR; IOC/UNESCO FX The research was funded in part by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for the MEDMI Project; the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), and in collaboration with the University of Exeter, University College London and the Met Office; and the European Regional Development Fund Programme and European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (University of Exeter Medical School).; EB was supported by the CTM2014-53818-R project, from the Spanish Government (MINECO). KDA was in receipt of funding from the BBSRC-NERC research programme for multidisciplinary studies in sustainable aquaculture: health, disease and the environment. P. Hess was supported by Ifremer (RISALTOX) and the Regional Council of the Pays de la Loire (COSELMAR). Porter Hoagland was supported by the US National Science Foundation under NSF/CNH grant no. 1009106.; This work contributes to the implementation of the objectives of the SCOR and IOC/UNESCO funded programmes GEOHAB and GlobalHAB. NR 354 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 20 U2 72 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 96 IS 1 SI SI BP 61 EP 91 DI 10.1017/S0025315415001733 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DF2FS UT WOS:000371158300007 ER PT J AU Bushnell, M AF Bushnell, Mark TI Managing Real-Time Oceanographic QC SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bushnell, Mark] NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, QARTOD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bushnell, M (reprint author), NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, QARTOD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mark.bushnell@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 57 IS 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA DF5BE UT WOS:000371366000001 ER PT J AU Tanamachi, RL Heinselman, PL AF Tanamachi, Robin L. Heinselman, Pamela L. TI Rapid-Scan, Polarimetric Observations of Central Oklahoma Severe Storms on 31 May 2013 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Radars/Radar observations; Hail; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Tornadoes; Convective storms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Supercells; Observational techniques and algorithms; Thunderstorms ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; MOBILE DOPPLER RADAR; TORNADIC SUPERCELL; X-BAND; EL RENO; POLARIZATION-RADAR; DUAL-POLARIZATION; CONVECTIVE STORMS; WARNING DECISIONS; SOUTHERN PLAINS AB On 31 May 2013, a polarimetric WSR-88D located in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), was used to collect sectorized volumetric observations in a tornadic supercell. Because only a fraction of the full azimuthal volume was observed, rapid volume update times of ~1-2 min were achieved. In addition, the number of pulses used in each radial was larger than is conventional, increasing the statistical robustness of the calculated polarimetric variables. These rapid observations serve as a proxy for those of a future dual-polarized phased-array radar. Through comparison with contemporaneous observations from two nearby dual-polarized WSR-88Ds [Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), and near University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport in Norman (KCRI)], a number of instances in which the rapidly scanned KOUN radar detected or better resolved (in a temporal sense) features of severe convective storms are highlighted. In particular, the polarimetric signatures of merging updrafts, a rapidly descending giant hail core, an anticyclonic tornado, and a dissipating storm cell are examined. These observations provided insights into the rapid evolution of severe convective storms that could not be made (or would have been made with much lower confidence) with current, operational WSR-88D scanning strategies. Possible implications of these rapid updates for the warning decision process are discussed. C1 [Tanamachi, Robin L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tanamachi, RL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rtanamachi@purdue.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank Valery Melinkov and Joe Chrisman for their assistance with data collection, and Eddie Forren and Richard Adams for processing the KOUN observations. KTLX and KCRI observations were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. The El Reno tornado damage track was provided by the National Weather Service. Jeff Snyder provided the anticyclonic tornado's damage track. We appreciate the insights of Rick Smith, Todd Lindley, and Arthur Witt. Vivek Mahale, Charles Kuster, and three additional anonymous individuals kindly reviewed this manuscript. NR 90 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 42 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0111.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1ML UT WOS:000370391000001 ER PT J AU Bowden, KA Heinselman, PL AF Bowden, Katie A. Heinselman, Pamela L. TI A Qualitative Analysis of NWS Forecasters' Use of Phased-Array Radar Data during Severe Hail and Wind Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Radars/Radar observations; Observational techniques and algorithms; Forecasting; Operational forecasting ID SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; WARNING DECISIONS AB The 2013 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment (PARISE) investigated the impacts of higher-temporal-resolution radar data on National Weather Service forecasters' warning decision processes during severe hail and wind events. In total, 12 forecasters participated in the 2013 PARISE over a 6-week period during the summer of 2013. Participants were assigned to either a control [5-min phased-array radar (PAR) updates] or experimental (1-min PAR updates) group, and worked two cases in simulated real time. This paper focuses on the qualitative retrospective reports of participants' warning decision processes that were collected using the recent case walk-through method. Timelines of participants' warning decision process were created for both cases, which were then thematically coded according to a situational awareness framework. Coded themes included perception, comprehension, and projection. It was found that the experimental group perceived significantly more information during both cases than the control group (case 1 p = 0.045 and case 2 p = 0.041), which may have improved the quality of their comprehensions and projections. Analysis of timelines reveals that 1-min PAR updates were important to the experimental group's more timely and accurate warning decisions. Not only did the 1-min PAR updates enable experimental participants to perceive precursor signatures earlier than control participants, but through monitoring trends in radar data, the experimental group was able to better detect storm motion, more accurately identify expected weather threats from severe thunderstorms, more easily observe strengthening and diminishing trends in storms, and make more correct tornado-related warning decisions. C1 [Bowden, Katie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Bowden, KA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM katie.bowden@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Thank you to the 12 NWS forecasters for participating in this study, to the participating WFO's MICs for supporting recruitment, and to Michael Scotten for participating in the pilot experiment. We also thank AWIPS-2 expert Darrel Kingfield, A/V specialist James Murnan, software expert Eddie Forren, and GIS expert Ami Arthur. Advice from committee members Robert Palmer, David Parsons, and Rick Thomas, along with insightful discussions with Harold Brooks and Lans Rothfusz, aided the development of this study. Finally, thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0089.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1ML UT WOS:000370391000002 ER PT J AU Han, J Witek, ML Teixeira, J Sun, R Pan, HL Fletcher, JK Bretherton, CS AF Han, Jongil Witek, Marcin L. Teixeira, Joao Sun, Ruiyu Pan, Hua-Lu Fletcher, Jennifer K. Bretherton, Christopher S. TI Implementation in the NCEP GFS of a Hybrid Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Boundary Layer Parameterization with Dissipative Heating and Modified Stable Boundary Layer Mixing SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Parameterization ID CONVECTIVE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; HURRICANE INTENSITY; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; CLIMATE MODELS; FORECAST; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; IMPROVEMENT; SIMULATION AB The current operational eddy-diffusivity countergradient (EDCG) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) tends to underestimate the PBL growth in the convective boundary layer (CBL). To improve CBL growth, an eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) PBL scheme is developed, where the nonlocal transport by large turbulent eddies is represented by a mass-flux (MF) scheme and the local transport by small eddies is represented by an eddy-diffusivity (ED) scheme. For the vertical momentum mixing, the MF scheme is modified to include the effect of the updraft-induced pressure gradient force. While the EDMF scheme displays better CBL growth than the EDCG scheme, it tends to overproduce the amount of low clouds and degrades wind vector forecasts over the tropical ocean where strongly unstable PBLs are rarely found. In order not to degrade the forecast skill in the tropics, a hybrid scheme is developed, where the EDMF scheme is applied only for the strongly unstable PBL, while the EDCG scheme is used for the weakly unstable PBL. Along with the hybrid EDMF scheme, the heating by turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation is parameterized to reduce an energy imbalance in the GFS. To enhance a too weak vertical turbulent mixing for weakly and moderately stable conditions, the current local scheme in the stable boundary layer (SBL) is modified to use an eddy-diffusivity profile method. The hybrid EDMF PBL scheme with TKE dissipative heating and modified SBL mixing led to significant improvements in some key medium-range weather forecast metrics and was operationally implemented into the NCEP GFS in January 2015. C1 [Han, Jongil] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Syst Res Grp Inc, Environm Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Witek, Marcin L.; Teixeira, Joao] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Sun, Ruiyu; Pan, Hua-Lu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp Inc, Environm Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Fletcher, Jennifer K.; Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), NCEP EMC, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jongil.han@noaa.gov RI Witek, Marcin/G-9440-2016 FU NOAA MAPP/CPO program as part of the Sc-to-Cu Transition Climate Process Team FX This work was supported by the NOAA MAPP/CPO program as part of the Sc-to-Cu Transition Climate Process Team. Internal reviews from Helin Wei, Qingfu Liu, and Mary Hart at NCEP/EMC are highly appreciated. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0053.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE1MT UT WOS:000370391800002 ER PT J AU Saylor, DM Forrey, C Kim, CS Warren, JA AF Saylor, David M. Forrey, Christopher Kim, Chang-Soo Warren, James A. TI Diffuse Interface Methods for Modeling Drug-Eluting Stent Coatings SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Thermodynamics; Diffusion; Simulation; Controlled release ID SOLVENT SYSTEMS; SELF-DIFFUSION; POLYMER; COEFFICIENTS; ARTERIAL; DELIVERY; RELEASE; TETRAHYDROFURAN; THERMODYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB An overview of diffuse interface models specific to drug-eluting stent coatings is presented. Microscale heterogeneities, both in the coating and use environment, dictate the performance of these coatings. Using diffuse interface methods, these heterogeneities can be explicitly incorporated into the model equations with relative ease. This enables one to predict the complex microstructures that evolve during coating fabrication and subsequent impact on drug release. Examples are provided that illustrate the wide range of phenomena that can be addressed with diffuse interface models including: crystallization, constrained phase separation, hydrolytic degradation, and heterogeneous binding. Challenges associated with the lack of material property data and numerical solution of the model equations are also highlighted. Finally, in light of these potential drawbacks, the potential to utilize diffuse interface models to help guide product and process development is discussed. C1 [Saylor, David M.; Forrey, Christopher] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Kim, Chang-Soo] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Warren, James A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saylor, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM david.saylor@fda.hhs.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 EI 1573-9686 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 44 IS 2 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s10439-015-1375-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA DF0RJ UT WOS:000371046300024 PM 26183961 ER PT J AU Yates, EL Iraci, LT Singh, HB Tanaka, T Roby, MC Hamill, P Clements, CB Lareau, N Contezac, J Blake, DR Simpson, IJ Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Diskin, GS Beyersdorf, AJ Choi, Y Ryerson, TB Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Loewenstein, M Gore, W AF Yates, E. L. Iraci, L. T. Singh, H. B. Tanaka, T. Roby, M. C. Hamill, P. Clements, C. B. Lareau, N. Contezac, J. Blake, D. R. Simpson, I. J. Wisthaler, A. Mikoviny, T. Diskin, G. S. Beyersdorf, A. J. Choi, Y. Ryerson, T. B. Jimenez, J. L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Loewenstein, M. Gore, W. TI Airborne measurements and emission estimates of greenhouse gases and other trace constituents from the 2013 California Yosemite Rim wildfire SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Trace gases; Emission factors; Enhancement ratios; Western US ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; FOREST-FIRE EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BROWN CARBON; AIR-QUALITY; WESTERN US AB This paper presents airborne measurements of multiple atmospheric trace constituents including greenhouse gases (such as CO2, CH4, O-3) and biomass burning tracers (such as CO, CH3CN) downwind of an exceptionally large wildfire. In summer 2013, the Rim wildfire, ignited just west of the Yosemite National Park, California, and burned over 250,000 acres of the forest during the 2-month period (17 August to 24 October) before it was extinguished. The Rim wildfire plume was intercepted by flights carried out by the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) on 29 August and the NASA DC 8, as part of SEAC(4)RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys), on 26 and 27 August during its intense, primary burning period. AJAX revisited the wildfire on 10 September when the conditions were increasingly smoldering, with slower growth. The more extensive payload of the DC-8 helped to bridge key measurements that were not available as part of AJAX (e. g. CO). Data analyses are presented in terms of emission ratios (ER), emission factors (EF) and combustion efficiency and are compared with previous wildfire studies. ERs were 8.0 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 26 August, 6.5 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 29 August and 18.3 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) on 10 September 2013. The increase in CH4 ER from 6.5 to 8.0 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) during the primary burning period to 18.3 ppb CH4 (ppm CO2)(-1) during the fire's slower growth period likely indicates enhanced CH4 emissions from increased smoldering combustion relative to flaming combustion. Given the magnitude of the Rim wildfire, the impacts it had on regional air quality and the limited sampling of wildfire emissions in the western United States to date, this study provides a valuable dataset to support forestry and regional air quality management, including observations of ERs of a wide number of species from the Rim wildfire. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yates, E. L.; Iraci, L. T.; Singh, H. B.; Tanaka, T.; Roby, M. C.; Loewenstein, M.; Gore, W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Roby, M. C.; Hamill, P.; Clements, C. B.; Lareau, N.; Contezac, J.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Blake, D. R.; Simpson, I. J.] UC Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Wisthaler, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Diskin, G. S.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Choi, Y.] NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. [Choi, Y.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yates, EL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM emma.l.yates@nasa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU H211 L. L. C.; NASA Earth Science Program; San Jose State University Research Foundation; NASA Postdoctoral Program; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; National Science Foundation [AGS-1151930]; Ames Research Center; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA); NASA Earth Science Division Award [NNX14AP4] FX We acknowledge the support and partnership of H211 L. L. C. for the Alpha Jet and the NASA Earth Science Program for the SEAC4RS effort. Further support was provided by San Jose State University Research Foundation, the NASA Postdoctoral Program, the Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, the National Science Foundation (AGS-1151930) and the Ames Research Center. CH3CN, CH3OH, CH3COCH3, C6H6 and C7H8 measurements aboard the NASA DC-8 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). AW and TM received support from the Visiting Scientist Program of the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) and through NASA Earth Science Division Award NNX14AP4 We are thankful to the SEAC4RS and Alpha Jet Science Teams for their contribution. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 16 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 127 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.038 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE6VC UT WOS:000370770700033 ER PT J AU Wang, P Song, Y Weir, MD Sun, JY Zhao, L Simon, CG Xu, HHK AF Wang, Ping Song, Yang Weir, Michael D. Sun, Jinyu Zhao, Liang Simon, Carl G. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI A self-setting iPSMSC-alginate-calcium phosphate paste for bone tissue engineering SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Bone tissue engineering; Calcium phosphate cement; Human induced pluripotent stem cells; Alginate microbeads; Injectable; Animal studies ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; HUMAN-INDUCED PLURIPOTENT; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; UMBILICAL-CORD; IN-VIVO; DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION; REGENERATION; CEMENT; SCAFFOLD; REPAIR AB Objectives. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable cell delivery system based on encapsulation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSMSCs) in microbeads; (2) develop a novel tissue engineered construct by dispersing iPSMSC-microbeads in CPC to investigate bone regeneration in an animal model for the first time. Methods. iPSMSCs were pre-osteoinduced for 2 weeks (0S-iPSMSCs), or transduced with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2-iPSMSCs). Cells were encapsulated in fast-degradable alginate microbeads. Microbeads were mixed with CPC paste and filled into cranial defects in nude rats. Four groups were tested: (1) CPC-microbeads without cells (CPC control); (2) CPC-microbeads-iPSMSCs (CPC-iPSMSCs); (3) CPC-microbeads-OS-iPSMSCs (CPC-0S-iPSMSCs); (4) CPC-microbeads-BMP2-iPSMSCs (CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs). Results. Cells maintained good viability inside microbeads after injection. The microbeads were able to release the cells which had more than 10-fold increase in live cell density from 1 to 14 days. The cells exhibited up-regulation of osteogenic markers and deposition of minerals. In vivo, new bone area fraction (mean +/- SD; n=5) for CPC-iPSMSCs group was (22.5 +/- 7.6)%. New bone area fractions were (38.9 +/- 18.4)% and (44.7 +/- 22.8)% for CPC-OS-iPSMSCs group and CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs group, respectively, 2-3 times the (15.6 +/- 11.2)% in CPC control at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Cell-CPC constructs accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Significance. Novel injectable CPC-microbead-cell constructs promoted bone regeneration, with OS-iPSMSCs and BMP2-iPSMSCs having 2-3 fold the new bone of CPC control. Cell delivery accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSC having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Therefore, CPC-microbead-iPSMSC is a promising injectable material for orthopedic, dental and craniofacial bone regenerations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Wang, Ping; Song, Yang; Weir, Michael D.; Sun, Jinyu; Zhao, Liang; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Wang, Ping] Sichuan Univ, West China Hosp Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Liang] Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Simon, Carl G.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Zhao, L; Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Zhao, L (reprint author), Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM lzhaonf@126.com; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE14190, R21 DE22625]; National Science Foundation of China [81401794, 31100695, 31328008]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry FX We thank Drs. Laurence C. Chow and David J. Mooney for discussions. We thank Dr. Linzhao Cheng for generously providing the hiPSC BC1 cell line. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE14190 and R21 DE22625 (HX), National Science Foundation of China 81401794 (PW), 31100695 and 31328008 (LZ), and University of Maryland School of Dentistry. This paper was presented (PW) as an oral presentation at the 2015 IADR meeting in Boston, and won the IADR Arthur R. Frechette Prosthodontic Research Award. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 252 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.019 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7ID UT WOS:000370808400018 PM 26743965 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Weir, MD Chow, LC Antonucci, JM Chen, JH Xu, HHK AF Zhang, Ling Weir, Michael D. Chow, Laurence C. Antonucci, Joseph M. Chen, Jihua Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental composite; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Calcium phosphate ion release; Recharge; Dental caries inhibition; Remineralization ID RESIN-COMPOSITES; FLUORIDE RELEASE; IN-VITRO; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MINIMAL INTERVENTION; CARIES-INHIBITION; ION RELEASE; ADHESIVES; LESIONS AB Objectives. Calcium phosphate (CaP) composites with Ca and P ion release can remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. But the ion release lasts only a few months. The objectives of this study were to develop rechargeable CaP dental composite for the first time, and investigate the Ca and P recharge and re-release of composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to achieve long-term inhibition of caries. Methods. Three NACP nanocomposites were fabricated with resin matrix of: (1) bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at 1:1 mass ratio (referred to as BT group); (2) pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at 1:1 ratio (PE group); (3) BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BisMEP) at 2:1:1 ratio (BTM group). Each resin was filled with 20% NACP and 50% glass particles, and the composite was photo cured. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and elastic modulus, Ca and P ion release, and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release. Results. NACP nanocomposites had strengths 3-fold of, and elastic moduli similar to, commercial resin-modified glass ionomer controls. CaP ion recharge capability was the greatest for PE group, followed by BTM group, with BT group being the lowest (p < 0.05). For each recharge cycle, CaP re-release reached similarly high levels, showing that CaP re-release did not decrease with more recharge cycles. After six recharge/re-release cycles, NACP nanocomposites without further recharge had continuous CaP ion release for 42 d. Significance. Novel rechargeable CaP composites achieved long-term and sustained Ca and P ion release. Rechargeable NACP nanocomposite is promising for caries-inhibiting restorations, and the Ca and P ion recharge and re-release method has wide applicability to dental composites, adhesives, cements and sealants to achieve long-term caries-inhibition. (C) 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Ling; Chen, Jihua] Fourth Mil Med Univ, State Key Lab Mil Stomatol, Dept Prosthodont, Sch Stomatol, Xian 710032, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ling; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, ADAF, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51373198]; China Scholarship Council; University of Maryland; University of Maryland School of Dentistry Bridge Fund FX We thank Dr. Ning Zhang of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry for discussions and experimental help. This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (HX), National Natural Science Foundation of China 51373198 (LZ), China Scholarship Council (LZ), University of Maryland Seed Grant (HX), and University of Maryland School of Dentistry Bridge Fund (HX). NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.015 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DE7ID UT WOS:000370808400021 PM 26743970 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RL Liles, MJ Gadea, V Altamirano, E Henriquez, AV Torres, P Urteaga, J Vallejo, F Baquero, A LeMarie, C Munoz, JP Chaves, JA Hart, CE de Niz, AP Chacon, D Fonseca, L Otterstrom, S Yanez, IL LaCasella, EL Frey, A Jensen, MP Dutton, PH AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Liles, Michael J. Gadea, Velkiss Altamirano, Eduardo Henriquez, Ana V. Torres, Perla Urteaga, Jose Vallejo, Felipe Baquero, Andres LeMarie, Carolina Pablo Munoz, Juan Chaves, Jaime A. Hart, Catherine E. Pena de Niz, Alejandro Chacon, Didiher Fonseca, Luis Otterstrom, Sarah Yanez, Ingrid L. LaCasella, Erin L. Frey, Amy Jensen, Michael P. Dutton, Peter H. TI Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics ofeastern Pacific rookeries SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Critically endangered; Eretmochelys imbricata; management units; mangroves; phylogeography; reproductive ecotype ID ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CARETTA-CARETTA; MTDNA SEQUENCES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; REEF FISHES AB Prior to 2008 and the discovery of several important hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting colonies in the EP (Eastern Pacific), the species was considered virtually absent from the region. Research since that time has yielded new insights into EP hawksbills, salient among them being the use of mangrove estuaries for nesting. These recent revelations have raised interest in the genetic characterization of hawksbills in the EP, studies of which have remained lacking to date. Between 2008 and 2014, we collected tissue samples from 269 nesting hawksbills at nine rookeries across the EP and used mitochondrial DNA sequences (766bp) to generate the first genetic characterization of rookeries in the region. Our results inform genetic diversity, population differentiation, and phylogeography of the species. Hawksbills in the EP demonstrate low genetic diversity: We identified a total of only seven haplotypes across the region, including five new and two previously identified nesting haplotypes (pooled frequencies of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively), the former only evident in Central American rookeries. Despite low genetic diversity, we found strong stock structure between the four principal rookeries, suggesting the existence of multiple populations and warranting their recognition as distinct management units. Furthermore, haplotypes EiIP106 and EiIP108 are unique to hawksbills that nest in mangrove estuaries, a behavior found only in hawksbills along Pacific Central America. The detected genetic differentiation supportsthe existence of a novel mangrove estuary reproductive ecotype that may warrant additional conservation attention. From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo-Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. Additional research with larger sample sizes and variable markers will help further genetic understanding of hawksbill turtles in the EP. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Gadea, Velkiss; Altamirano, Eduardo; Torres, Perla; Urteaga, Jose] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Urteaga, Jose] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vallejo, Felipe; Baquero, Andres; LeMarie, Carolina; Pablo Munoz, Juan] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Pablo Munoz, Juan; Chaves, Jaime A.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Galapagos Sci Ctr, Isla San Cristobal, Ecuador. [Hart, Catherine E.] Red Tortuguera AC, Guayabitos, Nayarit, Mexico. [Hart, Catherine E.] Grp Tortuguero Calif AC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Hart, Catherine E.] Univ Exeter, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Sch Biosci, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, England. [Pena de Niz, Alejandro] Ctr Protecc Conservac Tortugas Marinas Playa Teop, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. [Chacon, Didiher; Fonseca, Luis] Latin Amer Sea Turtles, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Otterstrom, Sarah] Paso Pacifico, Managua, Nicaragua. [LaCasella, Erin L.; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Liles, Michael J.; Gadea, Velkiss; Altamirano, Eduardo; Henriquez, Ana V.; Torres, Perla; Urteaga, Jose; Vallejo, Felipe; Baquero, Andres; LeMarie, Carolina; Pablo Munoz, Juan; Hart, Catherine E.; Pena de Niz, Alejandro; Chacon, Didiher; Fonseca, Luis; Otterstrom, Sarah; Yanez, Ingrid L.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, 2965 Redwood St, San Diego, CA 92104 USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, 2965 Redwood St, San Diego, CA 92104 USA. EM gaos@hawksbill.org FU Pacific Rim Research Program of the University of California; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS); International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF); William H. Donnor Foundation; US Agency for International Development (USAID); SeeTurtles.org FX Sample processing and analytical support were provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NMFS-NOAA). This research was also funded in part by a grant from the Pacific Rim Research Program of the University of California. We also recognize the financial contributions from several organizations that enabled the operation of the hawksbill conservation projects during which the samples presented in this paper were collected, including the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), William H. Donnor Foundation, US Agency for International Development (USAID), and SeeTurtles.org. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1264 DI 10.1002/ece3.1897 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DF1AC UT WOS:000371069800032 PM 26941950 ER PT J AU Mueller, CJ Cannella, WJ Bays, JT Bruno, TJ DeFabio, K Dettman, HD Gieleciak, RM Huber, ML Kweon, CB McConnell, SS Pitz, WJ Ratcliff, MA AF Mueller, Charles J. Cannella, William J. Bays, J. Timothy Bruno, Thomas J. DeFabio, Kathy Dettman, Heather D. Gieleciak, Rafal M. Huber, Marcia L. Kweon, Chol-Bum McConnell, Steven S. Pitz, William J. Ratcliff, Matthew A. TI Diesel Surrogate Fuels for Engine Testing and Chemical-Kinetic Modeling: Compositions and Properties SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DISTILLATION CURVE APPROACH; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; CETANE NUMBER; N-HEXADECANE; SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; IGNITION; 1,3,5-TRIISOPROPYLCYCLOHEXANE AB The primary objectives of this work were to formulate, blend, and characterize a set of four ultralow-sulfur diesel surrogate fuels in quantities sufficient to enable their study in single-cylinder-engine and combustion-vessel experiments. The surrogate fuels feature increasing levels of compositional accuracy (i.e., increasing exactness in matching hydrocarbon structural characteristics) relative to the single target diesel fuel upon which the surrogate fuels are based. This approach was taken to assist in determining the minimum level of surrogate-fuel compositional accuracy that is required to adequately emulate the performance characteristics of the target fuel under different combustion modes. For each of the four surrogate fuels, an approximately 30 L batch was blended, and a number of the physical aid chemical properties were measured. This work documents the surrogate-fuel creation process= and the results of the property measurements. C1 [Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cannella, William J.; DeFabio, Kathy] Chevron Energy Technol Co, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, CA 94801 USA. [Bays, J. Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dettman, Heather D.; Gieleciak, Rafal M.] Nat Resources Canada CanmetENERGY, 1 Oil Patch Dr, Devon, AB T9G 1A8, Canada. [Kweon, Chol-Bum] US Army Res Lab, 4603 Flare Loop Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [McConnell, Steven S.] Marathon Petr Co, 539 South Main St, Findlay, OH 45840 USA. [Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ratcliff, Matthew A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mueller, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cjmuell@sandia.gov RI Kweon, Chol-Bum/G-5425-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies; Coordinating Research Council (CRC); CRC; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian federal government interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); ecoENERGY Innovation Initiative (ecoEII); U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Chevron Energy Technology Co., a division of Chevron USA, Richmond, CA, USA; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. DOE, Vehicle Technologies Office; Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC [DE347AC36-99GO10337] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies, the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and the companies that employ the CRC members, Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian federal government interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) and ecoENERGY Innovation Initiative (ecoEII), and the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The study was conducted under the auspices of CRC. We thank U.S. DOE program managers Kevin Stork and Gurpreet Singh for supporting the participation of the U.S. national laboratories in this study. C.J.M's portion of the research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. W.J.C's portion of the research was funded by and conducted at Chevron Energy Technology Co., a division of Chevron USA, Richmond, CA, USA. J.T.B's portion of the research was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. DOE. J.T.B. also thanks Drs. John Linehan, Molly O'Hagan, and Suh-Jane Lee, Mr. Gregory Coffey, Ms. Margaret Jones, Ms. Tricia Smurthwaite, and Ms. Diana Tran for their discussions and assistance in obtaining data critical to this work. W.J.P's portion of the research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. M.A.R's portion of the research was conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, with support from the U.S. DOE, Vehicle Technologies Office. NREL is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC under Contract No. DE347AC36-99GO10337. M.A.R. thanks NREL colleagues Jon Luecke, Earl Christensen, Gina Chupka, and Lisa Fouts for their excellent technical contributions to this work. Finally, helpful input and guidance from Kenneth D. Rose, formerly of ExxonMobil, are gratefully acknowledged. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 1445 EP 1461 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02879 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DE5NZ UT WOS:000370679000075 PM 27330248 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Alin, SR Harvey, CJ Bednarsek, N Evans, W Feely, RA Hales, B Lucey, N Mathis, JT McElhany, P Newton, J Sabine, CL AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Alin, Simone R. Harvey, Chris J. Bednarsek, Nina Evans, Wiley Feely, Richard A. Hales, Burke Lucey, Noelle Mathis, Jeremy T. McElhany, Paul Newton, Jan Sabine, Christopher L. TI Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments in upwelling systems in the context of carbonate chemistry co-variation with temperature and oxygen SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California Current; climate change; hypoxia; multistressor experiment; pH ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; INORGANIC CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-URCHIN; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; OLYMPIA OYSTER; EL-NINO; ORGANISMS AB Coastal upwelling regimes are some of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean but are also among the most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) due to naturally high background concentrations of CO2. Yet our ability to predict how these ecosystems will respond to additional CO2 resulting from anthropogenic emissions is poor. To help address this uncertainty, researchers perform manipulative experiments where biological responses are evaluated across different CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) levels. In upwelling systems, however, contemporary carbonate chemistry variability remains only partly characterized and patterns of co-variation with other biologically important variables such as temperature and oxygen are just beginning to be explored in the context of OA experimental design. If co-variation among variables is prevalent, researchers risk performing OA experiments with control conditions that are not experienced by the focal species, potentially diminishing the ecological relevance of the experiment. Here, we synthesized a large carbonate chemistry dataset that consists of carbonate chemistry, temperature, and oxygen measurements from multiple moorings and ship-based sampling campaigns from the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), and includes fjord and tidal estuaries and open coastal waters. We evaluated patterns of pCO(2) variability and highlight important co-variation between pCO(2), temperature, and oxygen. We subsequently compared environmental pCO(2)-temperature measurements with conditions maintained in OA experiments that used organisms from the CCE. By drawing such comparisons, researchers can gain insight into the ecological relevance of previously published OA experiments, but also identify species or life history stages that may already be influenced by contemporary carbonate chemistry conditions. We illustrate the implications co-variation among environmental variables can have for the interpretation of OA experimental results and suggest an approach for designing experiments with pCO(2) levels that better reflect OA hypotheses while simultaneously recognizing natural co-variation with other biologically relevant variables. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Harvey, Chris J.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Alin, Simone R.; Bednarsek, Nina; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hales, Burke] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lucey, Noelle] Marine Environm & Sustainable Dev Unit ENEA, POB 224, La Spezia, Italy. [Newton, Jan] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Reum, Jonathan C. P.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Reum, JCP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jonathan.reum@noaa.gov FU National Research Council; NOAA's Climate Programme Office's Global Carbon Cycle Programme [GC05-288, GC10-102]; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Programme; NOAA/PMEL; Murdock Charitable Trust; NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems); NANOOS (Regional Association of NOAA's US Integrated Ocean Observing System Programme); UW/APL; UW College of the Environment; UW Provost's Office; State of Washington through UW Oceanography; APL; NOAA through NANOOS; NSF through CMOP (Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction) [OCE-0424602]; NSF [OCE-0752576] FX The authors wish to thank many research technical staff in the laboratories that contributed data used in this manuscript, particularly the scientific and engineering staff in NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) carbon, CTD-O2, and engineering groups; UW's Applied Physics Laboratory (UW/APL) and School of Oceanography; OSU's College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean Ecology and Biogeochemistry division; and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ocean Time Series Group for the tremendous effort involved in making these datasets available. In addition, we thank the officers and crew on all spatial surveys, underway observing ships, and mooring deployments for their able assistance during field operations. Funding for JCPR was provided through a National Research Council Fellowship. Funding for NOAA/PMEL contributions to the mooring time-series, underway pCO2, and spatial survey data used in these analyses were provided by NOAA's Climate Programme Office's Global Carbon Cycle Programme (grants GC05-288 and GC10-102), NOAA's Ocean Acidification Programme, and NOAA/PMEL. The Cha ba mooring off La Push, Washington, was also supported by the Murdock Charitable Trust, NANOOS (Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, a Regional Association of NOAA's US Integrated Ocean Observing System Programme), UW/APL, UW College of the Environment, and UW Provost's Office. The PRISM cruises were supported by the State of Washington through UW Oceanography and APL. The NH10 mooring is funded by NOAA through NANOOS, and by NSF through CMOP (Science and Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation and Prediction OCE-0424602). Surface ocean pCO2 data collected on the NH10 mooring were supported by NSF Chemical Oceanography OCE-0752576 awarded to BH and P.G. Strutton. I. Kaplan, T. Klinger, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on early versions of the manuscript. This is PMEL contribution number 4100. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 32 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 582 EP 595 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu231 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000008 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM Long, WC Foy, RJ AF Swiney, Katherine M. Long, William Christopher Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of high pCO(2) on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history-Part I: long-term exposure reduces hatching success and female calcification, and alters embryonic development SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcification; Chionoecetes bairdi; embryonic development; hatching success; ocean acidification; Tanner crab ID CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI DECAPODA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; EUROPEAN LOBSTER; BERING-SEA; KING CRAB; SNOW CRAB; MAJIDAE; OPILIO; INVERTEBRATES; SURVIVAL AB Ocean acidification, a decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2, has variable effects on different species. To examine the effects of long-term exposure on Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) embryonic development, hatching success, and calcification, ovigerous females were reared in one of three treatments: ambient pH (similar to 8.1), pH 7.8, and pH 7.5 for 2 years. Embryos and larvae in year 1 were from oocytes developed in the field and appear resilient to high pCO(2). Embryos and larvae in year 2 were from oocytes developed under high pCO(2) conditions. Oocyte development appears sensitive to high pCO(2), effects carryover and altered embryonic development, and reduced hatching success with on average 71% fewer viable larvae hatched in the pH 7.5 treatment than in the other treatments. Per cent calcium was reduced among females exposed to pH 7.5 waters, and their carapaces were noticeably more pliable than those in the other treatments. Softer carapaces may result in reduced defences against predators, and a reduction in the ability to feed on prey with hard parts such as shells. The results from this long-term study suggest that projected ocean pH levels within the next two centuries will likely have a pronounced impact on Tanner crab populations unless the crab are able to acclimatize or adapt to changing conditions. C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, William Christopher; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM katherine.swiney@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [536]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 536) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We thank NMFS biologists and laboratory technicians for their assistance who made this project possible. Previous versions of this paper were improved by comments from J. Napp and C. Ryer and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv201 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000031 ER PT J AU Long, WC Swiney, KM Foy, RJ AF Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. Foy, Robert J. TI Effects of high pCO(2) on Tanner crab reproduction and early life history, Part II: carryover effects on larvae from oogenesis and embryogenesis are stronger than direct effects SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crabs; early life history; hypercapnia; larvae; mortality; ocean acidification; Tanner crabs; transgenerational ID PROXIMATE BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BARNACLE SEMIBALANUS-BALANOIDES; HOMARUS-GAMMARUS L.; BERING-SEA SHELF; RED KING CRAB; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; EUROPEAN LOBSTER; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; PETROLISTHES-CINCTIPES AB Anthropogenic CO2 release is increasing the pCO(2) in the atmosphere and oceans and causing a decrease in the pH of the oceans. This decrease in pH, known as ocean acidification, can have substantial negative effects on marine life. In this study, we use wild-brooded larvae and larvae from females held in treatment pH for two brooding cycles over 2 years to detect carryover effects from oogenesis and embryogenesis. Ovigerous females were held at three pHs: similar to 8.1 (Ambient), 7.8, and 7.5. Exposure to acidified conditions at the larval stage alone had minimal effects on the larvae, possibly because larvae may be adapted to living in an environment with large pH swings. Exposure of Tanner crab larvae to low pH during the embryo phase had a more substantial effect on morphology, size, Ca/Mg content, and metabolic rate than exposure during the larval phase, and maternal exposure during the oogenesis phase increased the carryover effect. Although the larval phase itself is resilient to low pH, carryover effects are likely to have a negative effect on larvae in the wild. These results, combined with negative effects of high pCO(2) at other life history stages, indicate that high pCO(2) may have a negative effect on the Tanner crab populations and fisheries soon. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.; Foy, Robert J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div,Kodiak L, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [537]; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX This project was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 537) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). We thank NMFS biologists and laboratory technicians for their assistance which made this project possible. Previous versions of this paper were improved by comments from J. Napp, C. Ryer, J. Long, and four anonymous reviewers. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 836 EP 848 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv251 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000032 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Foy, RJ Dalton, MG Long, WC Swiney, KM AF Punt, Andre E. Foy, Robert J. Dalton, Michael G. Long, W. Christopher Swiney, Katherine M. TI Effects of long-term exposure to ocean acidification conditions on future southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) fisheries management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes bairdi; North Pacific; ocean acidification; southern Tanner crab; stock assessment ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; NECORA PUBER; CO2; IMPACT; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; OREGONIINAE; MATURITY; COPEPODS; PROXIES AB Demographic models of pre- and post-recruitment population dynamics were developed to account for the effects of ocean acidification on biological parameters that affect southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) larval hatching success and larval and juvenile survival. Projections of stock biomass based on these linked models were used to calculate biological and economic reference points on which fisheries management advice is based and thus provide fisheries managers with strategic advice on the likely long-term consequences of ocean acidification. The models utilized information for southern Tanner crab in the eastern Bering Sea. This information included the monitoring data on which conventional size-structured stock assessments are based, as well as the functional relationships that determine survival based on experiments that evaluated the consequences of ocean acidification over the next 100 200 years on crab larval hatching success, larval survival, and the survival of juvenile crab. The results highlighted that juvenile survival had the largest effect (similar to 20% decrease over 75 years) on biological and economic reference points, while hatching success, particularly if density dependence occurs after hatching, and larval survival have smaller effects (<10% decrease). Catch and profits would be expected to decrease by >50% in 20 years if natural mortality is affected by ocean acidification. Additional laboratory data on oocyte and embryo development leads to large changes in biological reference points depending on the timing of ocean acidification effects relative to natural mortality. The results highlight the need for experiments to evaluate the longer term physiological effects of ocean acidification on multiple life history stages and to measure indices that directly inform population dynamics models to evaluate future management scenarios. C1 [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Foy, Robert J.; Dalton, Michael G.; Long, W. Christopher; Swiney, Katherine M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Way Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU Joint Institute for the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program through the Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1010] FX This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program through the Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2476. The biological experiments on crab were funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project #1010). We thank the NOAA biologists and laboratory technicians responsible for the collection of the biological data at the Kodiak Laboratory. Martin Dorn (NOAA, AFSC), Gordon Kruse (UAF), and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. OMB disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 849 EP 864 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv205 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000033 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Manzello, DP Wirshing, HH Carlton, R Serafy, J AF Enochs, I. C. Manzello, D. P. Wirshing, H. H. Carlton, R. Serafy, J. TI Micro-CT analysis of the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa subjected to elevated pCO(2) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcification; micro-CT; ocean acidification; octocoral; sclerite ID CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GORGONIANS COELENTERATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEF; SEAWATER; WATER; DISSOCIATION AB Rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide has resulted in a drop in ocean pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). These acidified waters have many ramifications for diverse marine biota, especially those species which precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons. The permanence of coral reef ecosystems is therefore closely related to OA stress as habitat-forming corals will exhibit reduced calcification and growth. Relatively little is known concerning the fate of other constituent taxa which may either suffer concomitant declines or be competitively favoured in acidified waters. Here, we experimentally (49 d) test the effects of next century predictions for OA (pH = 7.75, pCO(2) = 1081 mu atm) vs. near-present-day conditions (pH = 8.01, pCO(2) = 498 mu atm) on the common Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa. We measure linear extension of this octocoral and use a novel technique, high-resolution micro-computed tomography, to measure potential differences in the morphology of calcified internal skeletal structures (sclerites) in a 2 mm apical section of each branch. Despite the use of highly accurate procedures, we found no significant differences between treatments in either the growth of E. flexuosa branches or the structure of their sclerites. Our results suggest a degree of resilience to OA stress and provide evidence that this octocoral species may persist on Caribbean coral reefs, despite global change. C1 [Enochs, I. C.; Carlton, R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, I. C.; Manzello, D. P.; Carlton, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wirshing, H. H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Box 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Serafy, J.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Enochs, IC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ienochs@rsmas.miami.edu RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU NOAA's CRCP; OAP FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from NOAA's CRCP and OAP. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 910 EP 919 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv159 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000038 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP Laurel, BJ Mathis, JT Tobosa, LR AF Hurst, Thomas P. Laurel, Benjamin J. Mathis, Jeremy T. Tobosa, Lauren R. TI Effects of elevated CO2 levels on eggs and larvae of a North Pacific flatfish SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; early life history; flatfish; growth rate; hypercapnia; ocean acidification ID SOLE LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ROCK SOLE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CHANGING OCEAN; GADUS-MORHUA; BERING-SEA; GROWTH AB The Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska support a number of commercially important flatfish fisheries. These high latitude ecosystems are predicted to be most immediately impacted by ongoing ocean acidification, but the range of responses by commercial fishery species has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we examined the growth responses of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) eggs and larvae across a range of CO2 levels (ambient to 1500 mu atm) to evaluate the potential sensitivity to ocean acidification. Laboratory-spawned eggs and larvae were reared at 88 degrees C in a flow-through culture system in which CO2 levels were maintained via computer-controlled injection of CO2 into a seawater conditioning tank. Overall, we observed only minor effects of elevated CO2 level on sizes of northern rock sole larvae. Size at hatch differed among offspring from four different females, but there was no significant effect of CO2 level on egg survival or size at hatch. In three separate larval growth trials, there was little effect of CO2 level on growth rates through the first 28 d post-hatch (DPH). However, in the one trial extended to 60 DPH, fish reared at the highest CO2 level had lower condition factors after 28 DPH, suggesting that larvae undergoing metamorphosis may be more sensitive to environmental hypercapnia than earlier pre-flexion stages. These results suggest that while early life stages of northern rock sole are less sensitive to ocean acidification than previously examined flatfish, they may be more sensitive to elevated CO2 levels than a previously studied gadid with a similar geographic range. C1 [Hurst, Thomas P.; Laurel, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Resource Assessment, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tobosa, Lauren R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program,Resource Assessment, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM thomas.hurst@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Programme; Research Experience for Undergraduates internship; National Science Foundation [OCE-1263349]; Department of Defense ASSURE Programme FX Scott Haines, Mara Spencer, Eric Hanneman, Michele Ottmar, and Paul Iseri assisted with fish culture. Chris Magel assisted with maintenance of pH regulation and monitoring throughout the experiments. M. Hawkyard, J. Andrade, C. Ryer, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This project was funded by grants to TPH and JTM from NOAA's Ocean Acidification Research Programme. LRT was supported by a Research Experience for Undergraduates internship co-funded by the Department of Defense ASSURE Programme and the National Science Foundation under award OCE-1263349 to the Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv050 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AR UT WOS:000371142000045 ER PT J AU Barmuta, P Ribeiro, D Wang, K Avolio, G Rajabi, M Lewandowski, A Gibiino, GP Szatkowski, J Schreurs, D Hale, P Remley, K Williams, D AF Barmuta, Pawel Ribeiro, Diogo Wang, Kuangda Avolio, Gustavo Rajabi, Mohammad Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Gibiino, Gian Piero Szatkowski, Jaroslaw Schreurs, Dominique Hale, Paul Remley, Kate Williams, Dylan TI Comparing LSNA Calibrations SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-NETWORK-ANALYZER; ARTIFACT C1 [Barmuta, Pawel] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Barmuta, Pawel] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Ribeiro, Diogo] Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. [Ribeiro, Diogo; Hale, Paul; Remley, Kate; Williams, Dylan] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Kuangda] Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Avolio, Gustavo; Rajabi, Mohammad; Schreurs, Dominique] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; Szatkowski, Jaroslaw] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Gibiino, Gian Piero] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rome, Italy. [Gibiino, Gian Piero] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Barmuta, P (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.; Barmuta, P (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland.; Ribeiro, D (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.; Ribeiro, D; Hale, P; Remley, K; Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA.; Wang, K (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.; Avolio, G; Rajabi, M; Lewandowski, A; Schreurs, D (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.; Lewandowski, A; Szatkowski, J (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland.; Gibiino, GP (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rome, Italy.; Gibiino, GP (reprint author), Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. EM Pawel.Barmuta@esat.kuleuven.be; dcribeiro@ua.pt; kuangda.wang@polymtl.ca; gustavo.avolio@esat.kuleuven.be; Mohammad.Rajabi@esat.kuleuven.be; A.Lewandowski@elka.pw.edu.pl; gianpiero.gibiino@esat.kuleuven.be; J.Szatkowski@stud.elka.pw.edu.pl; Dominique.Schreurs@kuleuven.be; paul.hale@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov; dylan.williams@nist.gov RI GIBIINO, GIAN PIERO/R-3708-2016; OI GIBIINO, GIAN PIERO/0000-0002-1261-9527; Avolio, Gustavo/0000-0002-8910-1638 FU Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); Hercules Foundation; IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Graduate Fellowship; European-Union European Social Fund through Warsaw University of Technology Development Program; Polish National Science Center [2011/03/D/ST7/01731]; Fundacao para a Cicncia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/85163/2012] FX The Leuven/Warsaw team was supported by the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) and the Hercules Foundation. P. Barmuta was supported by an IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Graduate Fellowship and by the European-Union European Social Fund through the Warsaw University of Technology Development Program. A. Lewandowski was supported by the Polish National Science Center under project no. 2011/03/D/ST7/01731. D. Ribeiro was supported by the Fundacao para a Cicncia e Tecnologia (F.C.T.) under Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/85163/2012. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 17 IS 2 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1109/MMM.2015.2499043 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DE8WI UT WOS:000370917000009 ER PT J AU Nannapaneni, S Mahadevan, S Rachuri, S AF Nannapaneni, Saideep Mahadevan, Sankaran Rachuri, Sudarsan TI Performance evaluation of a manufacturing process under uncertainty using Bayesian networks SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Manufacturing; Bayesian network; Sensitivity analysis; Energy consumption ID COMPUTATIONAL MODELS; ERROR ESTIMATION; INFORMATION; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a systematic framework using Bayesian networks to aggregate the uncertainty from multiple sources for the purpose of uncertainty quantification (UQ) in the prediction of performance of a manufacturing process. Energy consumption, one of the key metrics of manufacturing process sustain ability performance, is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. The prediction of energy consumption is not straightforward due to the presence of uncertainty in many process variables and the models used for prediction. The uncertainty is both aleatory (statistical) and epistemic (lack of knowledge); both sources of uncertainty are considered in the proposed UQ methodology. The uncertainty sources occur at different stages of the manufacturing process and do not combine in a straightforward manner, thus a Bayesian network approach is found to be advantageous in uncertainty aggregation. A dimension reduction approach through variance-based global sensitivity analysis is proposed to reduce the number of variables in the system and facilitate scalability in high-dimensional problems. The proposed methodologies for uncertainty quantification and dimension reduction are demonstrated using two examples an injection molding process and a welding process. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nannapaneni, Saideep; Mahadevan, Sankaran] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahadevan, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sankaran.mahadevan@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology under Smart Manufacturing Data Analytics Project [70NANB14H036] FX The research reported in this paper was supported by funds from the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Smart Manufacturing Data Analytics Project (Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB14H036). The support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 113 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.003 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9XM UT WOS:000370993200089 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Howard, KG AF DeMartini, E. E. Howard, K. G. TI Comparisons of body sizes at sexual maturity and at sex change in the parrotfishes of Hawaii: input needed for management regulations and stock assessments SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maturation rates; scarids; scarine labrid; sex allocation ID REEF FISH; HERMAPHRODITISM; MICRONESIA; COMMUNITY; FISHERIES; HISTORY; ATOLLS AB First estimates of sex allocation patterns and body size-at-sexual maturity and at protogynous sex change are presented for the five major (including one endemic) species of parrotfishes of Hawaii. Median body size at initial maturation as a female (L-M50) and at protogynous sex change from adult female to adult male (L-50) varied greatly among the five species. Estimates of L-M50 were about 14, 17, 24, 34 and 35 cm fork length (L-F) in palenose Scarus psittacus, Pacific bullethead Chlorurus spilurus, stareye Calotomus carolinus, spectacled Chlorurus perspicillatus and redlip parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus. Values of L-50 were c. 23, 27, 37, 46 and 47 cm L-F in the respective species. Length at female maturation was proportional to maximum body size (L-max) of the respective species, ranging from 50 to 72% and averaging 62% of L-max across species. L-50 was also proportional to L-max, ranging from 82 to 97% and averaging 92%. Males of both pairs of Scarus and Chlorurus spp. reported here are diandric. Only one of the five major species (C. carolinus) is functionally monandric, with either all or nearly all males secondarily derived from adult females. The broadly differing absolute body sizes at sexual maturation and at sex change among the five species have important implications for improving regulatory size limits for parrotfishes in the State of Hawaii, where parrotfish species have historically been managed based on a single minimum size limit of 305 cm L-F. This study provides a model demonstration of why catch data for parrotfishes, and other size-structured reef-fish populations, should be recorded either by species or by functional size-groups of species that allow setting more meaningful minimum size limits. C1 [DeMartini, E. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [DeMartini, E. E.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Howard, K. G.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.; DeMartini, EE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU Bio-Sampling Initiative; Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council; SeaGrant College Programme (NOAA) at University of Hawaii; NSF [DGE05-38550]; University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization FX This study was supported in part by Bio-Sampling Initiative funding provided to E.E.D. at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and in part to K.G.H. by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, the SeaGrant College Programme (NOAA) at the University of Hawaii, NSF grant DGE05-38550 to the University of Hawaii Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology group and the University of Hawaii Graduate Student Organization. Parts of this study are based on an unpublished PhD thesis (Zoology) by K.G.H. at the University of Hawaii. K.G.H. would like to thank her committee members, especially thesis advisor J. Parrish (deceased), and J.H. Choat and K. Cole for their guidance. J. Claisse, L. Ong and numerous other graduate students and research assistants helped collect field and laboratory data. Comments by R. Humphreys, B. Taylor and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 88 IS 2 BP 523 EP 541 DI 10.1111/jfb.12831 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DE7WS UT WOS:000370848200007 PM 26890131 ER PT J AU Kattner, UR AF Kattner, Ursula R. TI 2015 TMS William Hume-Rothery Award and Symposium SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.kattner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equili