FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Friend, DG Bruno, TJ Muzny, C AF Friend, Daniel G. Bruno, Thomas J. Muzny, Chris TI In Memoriam: William (Mickey) Haynes (1943 to 2016) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Friend, Daniel G.; Bruno, Thomas J.; Muzny, Chris] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Friend, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.friend@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 37 IS 5 AR 54 DI 10.1007/s10765-016-2060-2 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA DI7KV UT WOS:000373679400008 ER PT J AU Baranov, YI AF Baranov, Yu. I. TI On the significant enhancement of the continuum-collision induced absorption in H2O + CO2 mixtures SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric absorption; Water vapor IR spectra; Continuum absorption; Collision induced absorption ID CM(-1) SPECTRAL REGION; 4.3-MU-M BAND HEAD; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LINE-SHAPE; 363 K; CO2; O-2; N-2; MIXTURES AB The IR spectra of water vapor-carbon dioxide mixtures as well as the spectra of pure gas samples have been recorded using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer at a resolution of 0.1 cm(-1) in order to explore the effect of colliding CO2 and H2O molecules on their continuum absorptions. The sample temperatures were 294, 311, 325 and 339 K. Measurements have been conducted at several different water vapor partial pressures depending on the cell temperature. Carbon dioxide pressures were kept close to the three values of 103, 207 and 311 kPa (1.02, 2.04 and 3.07 atm). The path length used in the study was 100 m. It was established that, in the region around 1100 cm(-1), the continuum absorption coefficient CH2O+CO2 is about 20 times stronger than the water-nitrogen continuum absorption coefficient CH2O+CO2 On the other hand, in the far wing region (2500 cm(-1)) of the nu(3) CO2 fundamental band, the binary absorption coefficient CCO2-H2O appears to be about one order of magnitude stronger than the absorption coefficient CCO2+CO2 in pure carbon dioxide. The continuum interpretation and the main problem of molecular band shape formation are discussed in light of these experimental facts. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baranov, Yu. I.] Inst Expt Meteorol, SPA Typhoon, 4 Pobedy St, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Reg, Russia. RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Baranov, YI (reprint author), Inst Expt Meteorol, SPA Typhoon, 4 Pobedy St, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Reg, Russia. FU Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA; Russian Foundation for Basic Researches [15-05-00736, 13-05-00751] FX The author acknowledges a support from the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA, and partial financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches through Grants 15-05-00736 and 13-05-00751. He would like to thank the NIST Physics Laboratory Management for the opportunity to carry out the reported research. The author acknowledges Dr. W.J. Lafferty for revision of the manuscript and for many suggestions and corrections. The author also addresses many special thanks to Dr. J.T. Hougen for his help in experiments and related discussions. The author thanks Dr. A.A. Vigasin for his interest in this work and useful advises. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 175 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.02.017 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA DI5MG UT WOS:000373542700010 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, MD Cairns, B Emde, C Ackerman, AS Ottaviani, M Wasilewski, AP AF Alexandrov, Mikhail D. Cairns, Brian Emde, Claudia Ackerman, Andrew S. Ottaviani, Matteo Wasilewski, Andrzej P. TI Derivation of cumulus cloud dimensions and shape from the airborne measurements by the Research Scanning Polarimeter SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cumulus clouds; Remote sensing; Cloud shape; Cloud dimensions ID TOP HEIGHT; MISR; STEREO; RETRIEVAL; RECONSTRUCTION; GEOMETRY; IMPACT; ASTER AB The Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is an airborne instrument, whose measurements have been extensively used for retrievals of microphysical properties of clouds. In this study we show that for cumulus clouds the information content of the RSP data can be extended by adding the macroscopic parameters of the cloud, such as its geometric shape, dimensions, and height above the ground. This extension is possible by virtue of the high angular resolution and high frequency of the RSP measurements, which allow for geometric constraint of the cloud's 2D cross section between a number of tangent lines of view. The retrieval method is tested on realistic 3D radiative transfer simulations and applied to actual RSP data. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Alexandrov, Mikhail D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Alexandrov, Mikhail D.; Cairns, Brian; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Ottaviani, Matteo; Wasilewski, Andrzej P.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Emde, Claudia] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Meteorol Inst, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Ottaviani, Matteo] CUNY City Coll, CREST, Dept Elect Engn, NOAA, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Wasilewski, Andrzej P.] Trinnovim LLC, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Alexandrov, MD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM mda14@columbia.edu RI Emde, Claudia/B-5447-2010; OI Cairns, Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022 FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA HQ Science Mission FX This research was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal Maring. We would like to acknowledge our gratitude to the DEVOTE project team, the Research Services Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center for supporting both King Air aircraft, and the HOPE (Hands On Project Experience) Program co-funded though NASA HQ Science Mission Directorate and Office of the Chief Engineer that enabled the collection of the data used in this analysis. We would like to thank four anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped us to significantly improve the paper. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 177 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.032 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DI5PC UT WOS:000373550100012 ER PT J AU Parson, W Ballard, D Budowle, B Butler, JM Gettings, KB Gill, P Gusmao, L Hares, DR Irwin, JA King, JL de Knijff, P Morling, N Prinz, M Schneider, PM Van Neste, C Willuweit, S Phillips, C AF Parson, Walther Ballard, David Budowle, Bruce Butler, John M. Gettings, Katherine B. Gill, Peter Gusmao, Leonor Hares, Douglas R. Irwin, Jodi A. King, Jonathan L. de Knijff, Peter Morling, Niels Prinz, Mechthild Schneider, Peter M. Van Neste, Christophe Willuweit, Sascha Phillips, Christopher TI Massively parallel sequencing of forensic STRs: Considerations of the DNA commission of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) on minimal nomenclature requirements SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Massively parallel sequencing; MPS; Next generation sequencing; NGS; Short tandem repeats; STRs; Nomenclature ID TANDEM REPEAT LOCI; HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PROFILING GROUP EDNAP; NEXT-GENERATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALLELIC LADDER; GUIDELINES; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB The DNA Commission of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) is reviewing factors that need to be considered ahead of the adoption by the forensic community of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies. MPS produces sequence data that provide a precise description of the repeat allele structure of a STR marker and variants that may reside in the flanking areas of the repeat region. When a STR contains a complex arrangement of repeat motifs, the level of genetic polymorphism revealed by the sequence data can increase substantially. As repeat structures can be complex and include substitutions, insertions, deletions, variable tandem repeat arrangements of multiple nucleotide motifs, and flanking region SNPs, established capillary electrophoresis (CE) allele descriptions must be supplemented by a new system of STR allele nomenclature, which retains backward compatibility with the CE data that currently populate national DNA databases and that will continue to be produced for the coming years. Thus, there is a pressing need to produce a standardized framework for describing complex sequences that enable comparison with currently used repeat allele nomenclature derived from conventional CE systems. It is important to discern three levels of information in hierarchical order (i) the sequence, (ii) the alignment, and (iii) the nomenclature of STR sequence data. We propose a sequence (text) string format the minimal requirement of data storage that laboratories should follow when adopting MPS of STRs. We further discuss the variant annotation and sequence comparison framework necessary to maintain compatibility among established and future data. This system must be easy to use and interpret by the DNA specialist, based on a universally accessible genome assembly, and in place before the uptake of MPS by the general forensic community starts to generate sequence data on a large scale. While the established nomenclature for CE-based STR analysis will remain unchanged in the future, the nomenclature of sequence-based STR genotypes will need to follow updated rules and be generated by expert systems that translate MPS sequences to match CE conventions in order to guarantee compatibility between the different generations of STR data. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ballard, David] Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Budowle, Bruce; King, Jonathan L.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Inst Appl Genet, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Budowle, Bruce] King Abdulaziz Univ, CEGMR, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Butler, John M.; Gettings, Katherine B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gill, Peter] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Forens Biol, Oslo, Norway. [Gill, Peter] Univ Oslo, Dept Forens Med, Oslo, Norway. [Gusmao, Leonor] State Univ Rio de Janeiro UERJ, DNA Diagnost Lab LDD, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, IPATIMUP, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Hares, Douglas R.; Irwin, Jodi A.] FBI Lab, Quantico, VA USA. [de Knijff, Peter] Leiden Univ, Dept Human Genet, Med Ctr, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Morling, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Prinz, Mechthild] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Sci, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Legal Med, Fac Med, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Van Neste, Christophe] Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Willuweit, Sascha] Humboldt Univ, Inst Legal Med, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Phillips, Christopher] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Forens Genet Unit, Galicia, Spain. RP Parson, W (reprint author), Med Univ Innsbruck, Muellerstr 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM walther.parson@i-med.ac.at RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Van Neste, Christophe/0000-0002-5958-5731 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 22 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.009 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DH3WX UT WOS:000372718600017 PM 26844919 ER PT J AU Scheible, M Just, R Sturk-Andreaggi, K Saunier, J Parson, W Parsons, T Coble, M Irwin, J AF Scheible, M. Just, R. Sturk-Andreaggi, K. Saunier, J. Parson, W. Parsons, T. Coble, M. Irwin, J. TI The mitochondrial landscape of African Americans: An examination of more than 2500 control region haplotypes from 22 US locations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Control region; African American ID GENETIC POPULATION-DATA; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-QUALITY; DNA; ANCESTRY; SEQUENCES; ADMIXTURE; GUIDELINES; PUBLICATION; PROPORTIONS AB The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (16024-576) was Sanger-sequenced for a total of 2563 self-identified African Americans, using automated processing techniques and data review standards exceeding guidelines for forensic applications. Genetic diversity ranged from 0.9952 to 0.9998 in 22 population samples from 20 different states. Haplogroups of African ancestry, found in 82.48% of individuals overall, were most concentrated in the Southeast U.S. and decreased to the north and west. West African and West Central African haplotypes were well-represented in the population samples, especially in the southern U.S. states, while East African haplogroups were observed in low-frequency clusters in a handful of locations across the country. East Asian, Native American, and West Eurasian admixture was present in 3.16%, 2.93%, and 11.43% of samples, respectively. While some geographic substructure was detected across the population samples as clines in admixture frequencies, 20 of the 22 population samples were found to be statistically indistinguishable by pairwise comparisons and AMOVA calculations. Datasets from Hawaii and Idaho, however, were clear outliers. Overall, these more than 2500 control region sequences represent the most comprehensive regional sampling of African American mtDNA diversity to date, and are suitable for use in a forensic mtDNA database. The population data are made available via EMPOP (www.empop.org) and GenBank. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheible, M.; Just, R.; Sturk-Andreaggi, K.; Saunier, J.; Parsons, T.; Coble, M.; Irwin, J.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. [Scheible, M.; Just, R.; Sturk-Andreaggi, K.; Saunier, J.; Parsons, T.; Coble, M.; Irwin, J.] Amer Registry Pathol, 9210 Corp Blvd,Suite 120, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Parson, W.] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Mullerstr 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, W.; Parsons, T.] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, 517 Thomas Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scheible, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Scheible, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Just, R.; Irwin, J.] Fed Bur Invest Acad, 2501 Invest Pkwy, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Parsons, T.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Alipasina 45A, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Coble, M.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scheible, M; Sturk-Andreaggi, K (reprint author), Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA.; Scheible, M; Sturk-Andreaggi, K (reprint author), Amer Registry Pathol, 9210 Corp Blvd,Suite 120, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.; Scheible, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.; Scheible, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM mkscheib@ncsu.edu; kimberly.s.andreaggi.ctr@mail.mil FU National Institute of Justice [2005-DN-R-086] FX The authors would like to thank the Emerging Technologies Section, past and present, especially Toni Diegoli, Elizabeth Lyons, Katharine Strouss, Joanne Lee, Amanda Lehrmann, Kyla Harris, Brittany Box, Leslie Mounkes, Erin Gorden, Rachel Kinsel, Morgan Falk, Naila Bhatri (AFDIL) for data generation, analysis and review; Odile Loreille for ongoing support and fruitful discussion; Charla Marshall (AFDIL) for assistance with analyses; Liane Fendt, Theresa Harm, Gabriela Huber, Simone Nagl, Daniela Niederwieser, Alexander Rock, Christina Strobl, and Bettina Zimmermann (EMPOP, University of Innsbruck, Austria) for data analysis and assistance with database confirmation; an anonymous reviewer and John Buckleton for manuscript review and feedback; James Canik, Lanelle Chisolm, Brion Smith, COL Louis Finelli, CAPT Edward Reedy, Lt Col Laura Regan, Timothy McMahon, James Ross, Jon Norris, the American Registry of Pathology and the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System for logistical, administrative, and technical support; and the National Institute of Justice (InterAgency Agreement 2005-DN-R-086) for funding. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 22 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.002 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DH3WX UT WOS:000372718600026 PM 26919661 ER PT J AU Bergmann, C Barbour, J LaForce, L Driggers, WB AF Bergmann, Charles Barbour, James LaForce, Lionel Driggers, William B., III TI Line cutter for use when releasing large marine organisms caught on longline gear SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; Gangion; Line cutter; Monofilament; Prohibited species AB Releasing large marine organisms captured on longline gear can often be difficult due to problems associated with the use of conventional line cutters. For example, struggling animals can remain below the water's surface for extended periods, thus providing limited access to the end of the leader nearest the hook. We describe a new line cutter design that outperforms conventional designs. The line cutter described herein can be deployed by a single individual and severs leader material in close proximity to the location of hooks while negating the need to bring the captured organism to the surface. The use of the line cutter reduces stress and potential injury to captured animals, is easily and inexpensively constructed, and has applications beyond its intended use, such as freeing lines snagged or entangled under vessels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bergmann, Charles; Barbour, James; LaForce, Lionel; Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 177 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.01.018 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DG9BU UT WOS:000372378600014 ER PT J AU Zhang, MY Wang, LY Jajodia, S Singhal, A Albanese, M AF Zhang, Mengyuan Wang, Lingyu Jajodia, Sushil Singhal, Anoop Albanese, Massimiliano TI Network Diversity: A Security Metric for Evaluating the Resilience of Networks Against Zero-Day Attacks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; computer security; firewalls; information security; intrusion detection ID DESIGN DIVERSITY; ACCESS-CONTROL; CLOUD; VULNERABILITY; SYSTEMS AB Diversity has long been regarded as a security mechanism for improving the resilience of software and networks against various attacks. More recently, diversity has found new applications in cloud computing security, moving target defense, and improving the robustness of network routing. However, most existing efforts rely on intuitive and imprecise notions of diversity, and the few existing models of diversity are mostly designed for a single system running diverse software replicas or variants. At a higher abstraction level, as a global property of the entire network, diversity and its effect on security have received limited attention. In this paper, we take the first step toward formally modeling network diversity as a security metric by designing and evaluating a series of diversity metrics. In particular, we first devise a biodiversity-inspired metric based on the effective number of distinct resources. We then propose two complementary diversity metrics, based on the least and the average attacking efforts, respectively. We provide guidelines for instantiating the proposed metrics and present a case study on estimating software diversity. Finally, we evaluate the proposed metrics through simulation. C1 [Zhang, Mengyuan; Wang, Lingyu] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Jajodia, Sushil; Albanese, Massimiliano] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, MY; Wang, LY (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.; Jajodia, S; Albanese, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Singhal, A (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mengy_zh@ciise.concordia.ca; wang@ciise.concordia.ca; jajodia@gmu.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; malbanes@gmu.edu FU National Science Foundation [IIP-1266147]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [N01035]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB14D060, 60NANB15D091]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-15-1-2007]; Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0421] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIP-1266147, in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery under Grant N01035, in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 60NANB14D060 and Grant 60NANB15D091, in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-15-1-2007, and in part by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-13-1-0421. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Jianying Zhou. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 EI 1556-6021 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1071 EP 1086 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2016.2516916 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DG8SZ UT WOS:000372355200015 ER PT J AU Pannkuk, EL Laiakis, EC Mak, TD Astarita, G Authier, S Wong, KR Fornace, AJ AF Pannkuk, Evan L. Laiakis, Evagelia C. Mak, Tytus D. Astarita, Giuseppe Authier, Simon Wong, Karen Fornace, Albert J., Jr. TI A lipidomic and metabolomic serum signature from nonhuman primates exposed to ionizing radiation SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE Lipidomics; Metabolomics; Ionizing Radiation; Nonhuman Primate ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; GAMMA-IRRADIATED RATS; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; URINARY BIOMARKERS; BODY IRRADIATION; LIVER-DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; MICE; MECHANISMS; INJURY AB Introduction Due to dangers associated with potential accidents from nuclear energy and terrorist threats, there is a need for high-throughput biodosimetry to rapidly assess individual doses of radiation exposure. Lipidomics and metabolomics are becoming common tools for determining global signatures after disease or other physical insult and provide a "snapshot'' of potential cellular damage. Objectives The current study assesses changes in the nonhuman primate (NHP) serum lipidome and metabolome 7 days following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Methods Serum sample lipids and metabolites were extracted using a biphasic liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Global radiation signatures were acquired in data-independent mode. Results Radiation exposure caused significant perturbations in lipid metabolism, affecting all major lipid species, including free fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and esterified sterols. In particular, we observed a significant increase in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing lipids in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting a primary role played by PUFAs in the physiological response to IR. Metabolomics profiling indicated an increase in the levels of amino acids, carnitine, and purine metabolites in the serum of NHPs exposed to 10 Gy radiation, suggesting perturbations to protein digestion/absorption, biological oxidations, and fatty acid b-oxidation. Conclusions This is the first report to determine changes in the global NHP serum lipidome and metabolome following radiation exposure and provides information for developing metabolomic biomarker panels in human-based biodosimetry. C1 [Pannkuk, Evan L.; Laiakis, Evagelia C.; Astarita, Giuseppe; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Mak, Tytus D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Astarita, Giuseppe] Waters Corp, Hlth Sci, Milford, MA USA. [Authier, Simon; Wong, Karen] CiToxLAB North Amer, Laval, PQ, Canada. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,New Res Bldg,Room E504, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Genom Med Res CEGMR, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Fornace, AJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA.; Fornace, AJ (reprint author), Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,New Res Bldg,Room E504, Washington, DC 20057 USA.; Fornace, AJ (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Genom Med Res CEGMR, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. EM af294@georgetown.edu OI Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X FU National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) [1R01AI101798]; Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource (PMSR); National Cancer Institute [P30CA051008] FX National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) grant 1R01AI101798 (P.I. Albert J. Fornace, Jr.) and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource (PMSR); partial support National Cancer Institute grant P30CA051008 (P.I. Louis Weiner). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD MAY PY 2016 VL 12 IS 5 AR 80 DI 10.1007/s11306-016-1010-0 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA DG5YL UT WOS:000372157700003 ER PT J AU Zhuang, ZR Yussouf, N Gao, JD AF Zhuang, Zhaorong Yussouf, Nusrat Gao, Jidong TI Analyses and forecasts of a tornadic supercell outbreak using a 3DVAR system ensemble SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ensemble 3DVAR analysis; radar data assimilation; probabilistic forecast; supercell storm ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KALMAN FILTER APPROACH; WARN-ON-FORECAST; LEVEL-II DATA; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; RECURSIVE FILTERS AB As part of NOAA's "Warn-On-Forecast" initiative, a convective-scale data assimilation and prediction system was developed using the WRF-ARW model and ARPS 3DVAR data assimilation technique. The system was then evaluated using retrospective short-range ensemble analyses and probabilistic forecasts of the tornadic supercell outbreak event that occurred on 24 May 2011 in Oklahoma, USA. A 36-member multi-physics ensemble system provided the initial and boundary conditions for a 3-km convective-scale ensemble system. Radial velocity and reflectivity observations from four WSR-88Ds were assimilated into the ensemble using the ARPS 3DVAR technique. Five data assimilation and forecast experiments were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the system to data assimilation frequencies, in-cloud temperature adjustment schemes, and fixed- and mixed-microphysics ensembles. The results indicated that the experiment with 5-min assimilation frequency quickly built up the storm and produced a more accurate analysis compared with the 10-min assimilation frequency experiment. The predicted vertical vorticity from the moist-adiabatic in-cloud temperature adjustment scheme was larger in magnitude than that from the latent heat scheme. Cycled data assimilation yielded good forecasts, where the ensemble probability of high vertical vorticity matched reasonably well with the observed tornado damage path. Overall, the results of the study suggest that the 3DVAR analysis and forecast system can provide reasonable forecasts of tornadic supercell storms. C1 [Zhuang, Zhaorong; Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhuang, Zhaorong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Ctr Numer Weather Predict, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Gao, Jidong] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Zhuang, ZR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Zhuang, ZR (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Ctr Numer Weather Predict, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhuangzr@cams.cma.gov.cn FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NSF [AGS-1341878]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41305092]; International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) [2011DFG23210] FX Partial funding for this research was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce and NSF AGS-1341878, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 41305092), and the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (ISTCP) (Grant No. 2011DFG23210). We thank our colleague Dr. Thomas JONES for proofreading the manuscript. Thanks also to Carrie LANGSTON for the NMQ reflectivity data. The computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER). Local computer assistance was provided by Brett MORROW, Steven FLETCHER, Brad SWAGOWITZ, and Karen COOPER. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 33 IS 5 BP 544 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5072-0 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3HI UT WOS:000371234300002 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV Kazakov, AF AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. Kazakov, Andrei F. TI Thermodynamic properties of indan: Experimental and computational results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Computational chemistry; Density; Entropy; Heat capacity; Ideal-gas properties; Indan; Phase-transition properties; Vapor pressure ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; MUTUAL VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE-SCALE; HEAT-CAPACITIES; RECONCILIATION; VAPORIZATION; HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements leading to the calculation of thermodynamic properties in the ideal-gas state for indan (Chemical Abstracts registry number [496-11-7], 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene) are reported. Experimental methods were adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, and vibrating-tube densitometry. Molar thermodynamic functions (enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies) for the condensed and ideal-gas states were derived from the experimental studies at selected temperatures. Statistical calculations were performed based on molecular geometry optimization and vibrational frequencies calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) level of theory. Computed ideal-gas properties derived with the rigid-rotor harmonic-oscillator approximation are shown to be in excellent accord with ideal-gas entropies derived from thermophysical property measurements of this research, as well as with experimental heat capacities for the ideal-gas state reported in the literature. Literature spectroscopic studies and ab initio calculations report a range of values for the barrier to ring puckering. Results of the present work are consistent with a large barrier that allows use of the rigid-rotor harmonic-oscillator approximation for ideal-gas entropy and heat-capacity calculations, even with the stringent uncertainty requirements imposed by the calorimetric and physical property measurements reported here. All experimental results are compared with property values reported in the literature. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.chirico@nist.gov FU Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program; DOE [DE-AC22-94C91008] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Stephen E. Knipmeyer in the dsc studies, An (Andy) Nguyen in the vapor-pressure and density measurements, and Aaron P. Rau and I. Alex Hossenlopp in vapor transfer of chemical samples in preparation for the physical property measurements. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This research was funded within the Processing and Downstream Operations section of the Advanced Oil Recovery (AOR) program. The property measurements were completed in Bartlesville, Oklahoma at the National Institute of Petroleum and Energy Research through BDM-Oklahoma under its contract with DOE for Management and Operations of the National Oil and Related Programs (NORP), Contract Number DE-AC22-94C91008. The article preparation and computations were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This article is, in part, a contribution of NIST, and is not subject to copyright in the United States for the authors R.D.C and A.F.K. Products or companies are named solely for descriptive clarity and this neither constitutes nor implies endorsement by NIST or by the U.S. government. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 96 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2015.12.005 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA DC0JR UT WOS:000368903600005 ER PT J AU Tewary, VK Quardokus, RC DelRio, FW AF Tewary, V. K. Quardokus, Rebecca C. DelRio, Frank W. TI Green's function modeling of response of two-dimensional materials to point probes for scanning probe microscopy SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Antidots; Graphene; Green's function; Materials characterization; Scanning probe microscopy; Two-dimensional materials ID SEMICONDUCTOR; GROWTH; HEAT; WS2 AB A Green's function (GF) method is developed for interpreting scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements on new two-dimensional (2D) materials. GFs for the Laplace/Poisson equations are calculated by using a virtual source method for two separate cases of a finite material containing a rectangular defect and a hexagonal defect. The prescribed boundary values are reproduced almost exactly by the calculated GFs. It is suggested that the GF is not just a mathematical artefact but a basic physical characteristic of material systems, which can be measured directly by SPM for 2D solids. This should make SPM an even more powerful technique for characterization of 2D materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tewary, V. K.; Quardokus, Rebecca C.; DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vinod.tewary@nist.gov; rebecca.quardokus@nist.gov; frank.delrio@nist.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD APR 29 PY 2016 VL 380 IS 20 BP 1750 EP 1756 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2016.03.021 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DK0KH UT WOS:000374601200013 ER PT J AU Brown, PT Lozier, MS Zhang, R Li, WH AF Brown, Patrick T. Lozier, M. Susan Zhang, Rong Li, Wenhong TI The necessity of cloud feedback for a basin-scale Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SAHEL RAINFALL; AIR-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS; HEMISPHERE; SIGNATURE AB The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), characterized by basin-scale multidecadal variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), has traditionally been interpreted as the surface signature of variability in oceanic heat convergence (OHC) associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This view has been challenged by recent studies that show that AMOC variability is not simultaneously meridionally coherent over the North Atlantic and that AMOC-induced low-frequency variability of OHC is weak in the tropical North Atlantic. Here we present modeling evidence that the AMO-related SST variability over the extratropical North Atlantic results directly from anomalous OHC associated with the AMOC but that the emergence of the coherent multidecadal SST variability over the tropical North Atlantic requires cloud feedback. Our study identifies atmospheric processes as a necessary component for the existence of a basin-scale AMO, thus amending the canonical view that the AMOC-AMO connection is solely attributable to oceanic processes. C1 [Brown, Patrick T.; Lozier, M. Susan; Li, Wenhong] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Brown, PT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM Patrick.Brown@duke.edu RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 FU NSF [AGS-1147608, OCE-1259102]; NIH [NIH-1R21AG044294-01A1] FX We thank Ming Zhao and Xiaosong Yang for their internal reviews and discussion of this work. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The CMIP5 data used for this study can be downloaded at http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html, and the GFDL CM2.1 model output can be downloaded at http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/. Contact Patrick Brown (patrick.brown@duke.edu) for other data and code requests. This work was partially supported by NSF grants AGS-1147608 and OCE-1259102, as well as by the NIH grant NIH-1R21AG044294-01A1. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 8 BP 3955 EP 3963 DI 10.1002/2016GL068303 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RQ UT WOS:000378338800042 ER PT J AU Link, MF Friedman, B Fulgham, R Brophy, P Galang, A Jathar, SH Veres, P Roberts, JM Farmer, DK AF Link, M. F. Friedman, B. Fulgham, R. Brophy, P. Galang, A. Jathar, S. H. Veres, P. Roberts, J. M. Farmer, D. K. TI Photochemical processing of diesel fuel emissions as a large secondary source of isocyanic acid (HNCO) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION PROTON-TRANSFER; ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; NI-PT-CIMS; PROTEIN CARBAMYLATION; RADICAL CHEMISTRY; FLOW REACTORS; AMBIENT AIR; OXIDATION; EXHAUST AB Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a well-known air pollutant that affects human health. Biomass burning, smoking, and combustion engines are known HNCO sources, but recent studies suggest that secondary production in the atmosphere may also occur. We directly observed photochemical production of HNCO from the oxidative aging of diesel exhaust during the Diesel Exhaust Fuel and Control experiments at Colorado State University using acetate ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Emission ratios of HNCO were enhanced, after 1.5 days of simulated atmospheric aging, from 50 to 230 mg HNCO/kg fuel at idle engine operating conditions. Engines operated at higher loads resulted in less primary and secondary HNCO formation, with emission ratios increasing from 20 to 40 mg HNCO/kg fuel under 50% load engine operating conditions. These results suggest that photochemical sources of HNCO could be more significant than primary sources in urban areas. C1 [Link, M. F.; Friedman, B.; Fulgham, R.; Brophy, P.; Farmer, D. K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Galang, A.; Jathar, S. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Veres, P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, P.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Farmer, DK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM delphine.farmer@rams.colostate.edu RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; FU Arnold and Mabel Beckman Young Investigator Award; Colorado State University; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Initiative FX We acknowledge an Arnold and Mabel Beckman Young Investigator Award for funding this work. Fees associated with the engine dynamometer tests (engine operation, equipment rental, fuel, and personnel) were supported through Shantanu Jathar's startup funds as new faculty hire at Colorado State University. We would like to thank Kirk Evans for technical support and undergraduate researchers Liam Lewane and Nathan Reed for test support during the campaign. The NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division effort was supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Initiative. Any data presented and analyzed in this study can be acquired per request to the corresponding author. Detailed discussions of measurements and analysis are in the supporting information. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 8 BP 4033 EP 4041 DI 10.1002/2016GL068207 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP2RQ UT WOS:000378338800051 ER PT J AU Chremos, A Douglas, JF AF Chremos, Alexandros Douglas, Jack F. TI Influence of higher valent ions on flexible polyelectrolyte stiffness and counter-ion distribution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIMITING LAWS; EXPLICIT SOLVENT; POOR SOLVENTS; CONDENSATION; DNA; SPECTROSCOPY; CATIONS; BINDING; TRANSITIONS AB We investigate the influence of counter-ion valency on the flexibility of highly charged flexible polymer chains using molecular dynamics simulations that include both salt and an explicit solvent. As observed experimentally, we find that divalent counter-ions greatly reduce the chain persistence length, l(p), in comparison with monovalent counter-ions. On the other hand, polyelectrolyte chains having trivalent counter-ions adopt a much more compact conformation than polyelectrolytes having monovalent and divalent counter-ions. We demonstrate that the tendency of polyelectrolyte chains to become deformed by proximal high valence counter-ions is due to chain "coiling" around the counterions. In particular, we find that the number of contacts that the proximal counter-ions have with the polyelectrolyte dictates the extent of chain coiling. This ion-binding induced coiling mechanism influences not only the conformational properties of the polyelectrolyte, but also the counter-ion distribution around the chain. Specifically, we find that higher valent counter-ions lead both to a counter-ion enrichment in close proximity to the polyelectrolyte and to a significant reduction in the spatial extent of the diffuse counter-ion cloud around the polyelectrolyte. C1 [Chremos, Alexandros; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chremos, A; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexandros.chremos@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Chremos, Alexandros/B-8856-2009 OI Chremos, Alexandros/0000-0002-1254-3972 FU NIST Director's Office through the NIST Fellows' postdoctoral grants program FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the NIST Director's Office through the NIST Fellows' postdoctoral grants program. Official contribution of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology - not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 16 AR 164904 DI 10.1063/1.4947221 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL6YK UT WOS:000375785800049 PM 27131566 ER PT J AU Yoon, S Liu, J McMichael, RD AF Yoon, Seungha Liu, Jason McMichael, Robert D. TI Phase-resolved ferromagnetic resonance using a heterodyne detection method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; MICROSCOPE; FIELD AB This paper describes a phase-resolved ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement using a heterodyne method. Spin precession is driven by microwave fields and detected by 1550 nm laser light that is modulated at a frequency slightly shifted with respected to the FMR driving frequency. The evolving phase difference between the spin precession and the modulated light produces a slowly oscillating Kerr rotation signal with a phase equal to the precession phase plus a phase due to the path length difference between the excitation microwave signal and the optical signal. We estimate the accuracy of the precession phase measurement to be 0.1 rad. This heterodyne FMR detection method eliminates the need for field modulation and allows a stronger detection signal at higher intermediate frequency where the 1/f noise floor is reduced. C1 [Yoon, Seungha; Liu, Jason; McMichael, Robert D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Seungha] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yoon, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX S.Y. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 14 AR 144423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.144423 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DK5FR UT WOS:000374945800002 ER PT J AU Ye, CX Zhou, XL Pu, D Stutz, J Festa, J Spolaor, M Tsai, C Cantrell, C Mauldin, RL Campos, T Weinheimer, A Hornbrook, RS Apel, EC Guenther, A Kaser, L Yuan, B Karl, T Haggerty, J Hall, S Ullmann, K Smith, JN Ortega, J Knote, C AF Ye, Chunxiang Zhou, Xianliang Pu, Dennis Stutz, Jochen Festa, James Spolaor, Max Tsai, Catalina Cantrell, Christopher Mauldin, Roy L., III Campos, Teresa Weinheimer, Andrew Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Apel, Eric C. Guenther, Alex Kaser, Lisa Yuan, Bin Karl, Thomas Haggerty, Julie Hall, Samuel Ullmann, Kirk Smith, James N. Ortega, John Knote, Christoph TI Rapid cycling of reactive nitrogen in the marine boundary layer SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; NITRIC-ACID PHOTOLYSIS; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; FOREST CANOPY; AIR-QUALITY; DUST STORM; GAS-PHASE AB Nitrogen oxides are essential for the formation of secondary atmospheric aerosols and of atmospheric oxidants such as ozone and the hydroxyl radical, which controls the self-cleansing capacity of the atmosphere(1). Nitric acid, a major oxidation product of nitrogen oxides, has traditionally been considered to be a permanent sink of nitrogen oxides(1). However, model studies predict higher ratios of nitric acid to nitrogen oxides in the troposphere than are observed(2,3). A 'renoxification' process that recycles nitric acid into nitrogen oxides has been proposed to reconcile observations with model studies(2-4), but the mechanisms responsible for this process remain uncertain(5-9). Here we present data from an aircraft measurement campaign over the North Atlantic Ocean and find evidence for rapid recycling of nitric acid to nitrous acid and nitrogen oxides in the clean marine boundary layer via particulate nitrate photolysis. Laboratory experiments further demonstrate the photolysis of particulate nitrate collected on filters at a rate more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of gaseous nitric acid, with nitrous acid as the main product. Box model calculations based on the Master Chemical Mechanism(10,11) suggest that particulate nitrate photolysis mainly sustains the observed levels of nitrous acid and nitrogen oxides at midday under typical marine boundary layer conditions. Given that oceans account for more than 70 per cent of Earth's surface, we propose that particulate nitrate photolysis could be a substantial tropospheric nitrogen oxide source. Recycling of nitrogen oxides in remote oceanic regions with minimal direct nitrogen oxide emissions could increase the formation of tropospheric oxidants and secondary atmospheric aerosols on a global scale. C1 [Ye, Chunxiang; Zhou, Xianliang] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Zhou, Xianliang; Pu, Dennis] SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Stutz, Jochen; Festa, James; Spolaor, Max; Tsai, Catalina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Cantrell, Christopher; Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Campos, Teresa; Weinheimer, Andrew; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Kaser, Lisa; Haggerty, Julie; Hall, Samuel; Ullmann, Kirk; Smith, James N.; Ortega, John; Knote, Christoph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Guenther, Alex] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yuan, Bin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karl, Thomas] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Smith, James N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [Knote, Christoph] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Marchioninistr 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Zhou, XL (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA.; Zhou, XL (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM xianliang.zhou@health.ny.gov RI Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1216166, AGS-1215712, AGS-1216743]; National Science Foundation FX This research is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants (AGS-1216166, AGS-1215712, and AGS-1216743). We would like to acknowledge operational, technical and scientific support provided by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 37 U2 93 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 532 IS 7600 BP 489 EP 491 DI 10.1038/nature17195 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK3KQ UT WOS:000374815900044 PM 27064904 ER PT J AU Shingler, T Crosbie, E Ortega, A Shiraiwa, M Zuend, A Beyersdorf, A Ziemba, L Anderson, B Thornhill, L Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Campazano-Jost, P Day, DA Jimenez, JL Hair, JW Mikoviny, T Wisthaler, A Sorooshian, A AF Shingler, Taylor Crosbie, Ewan Ortega, Amber Shiraiwa, Manabu Zuend, Andreas Beyersdorf, Andreas Ziemba, Luke Anderson, Bruce Thornhill, Lee Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Campazano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Jimenez, Jose L. Hair, Johnathan W. Mikoviny, Tomas Wisthaler, Armin Sorooshian, Armin TI Airborne characterization of subsaturated aerosol hygroscopicity and dry refractive index from the surface to 6.5km during the SEAC(4)RS campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC AEROSOLS; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL AB In situ aerosol particle measurements were conducted during 21 NASA DC-8 flights in the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys field campaign over the United States, Canada, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. For the first time, this study reports rapid, size-resolved hygroscopic growth and real refractive index (RI at 532 nm) data between the surface and upper troposphere in a variety of air masses including wildfires, agricultural fires, biogenic, marine, and urban outflow. The Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe (DASH-SP) quantified size-resolved diameter growth factors (GF = D-p,D-wet/D-p,D-dry) that are used to infer the hygroscopicity parameter kappa. Thermokinetic simulations were conducted to estimate the impact of partial particle volatilization within the DASH-SP across a range of sampling conditions. Analyses of GF and RI data as a function of air mass origin, dry size, and altitude are reported, in addition to kappa values for the inorganic and organic fractions of aerosol. Average RI values are found to be fairly constant (1.52-1.54) for all air mass categories. An algorithm is used to compare size-resolved DASH-SP GF with bulk scattering f(RH=80%) data obtained from a pair of nephelometers, and the results show that the two can only be reconciled if GF is assumed to decrease with increasing dry size above 400 nm (i.e., beyond the upper bound of DASH-SP measurements). Individual case studies illustrate variations of hygroscopicity as a function of dry size, environmental conditions, altitude, and composition. C1 [Shingler, Taylor; Ortega, Amber; Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Crosbie, Ewan; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Ziemba, Luke; Anderson, Bruce; Thornhill, Lee; Hair, Johnathan W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Chem & Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Crosbie, Ewan] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Shiraiwa, Manabu] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany. [Zuend, Andreas] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Thornhill, Lee] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Campazano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campazano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA.; Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU NASA [NNX12AC10G, NNX14AP75G, NNX12AC03G, NNX15AT96G]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0811]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX14AK79H]; Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace FX All data and results are available from the corresponding author (armin@email.arizona.edu). This research was funded by NASA grants NNX12AC10G and NNX14AP75G. The development of the DASH-SP instrument was funded by ONR grant N00014-10-1-0811. T.S. acknowledges support from a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX14AK79H). P.C.J., D.A.D., and J.L.J. were supported by NASA grants NNX12AC03G and NNX15AT96G. PTR-MS measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A.W. and T.M. received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 4188 EP 4210 DI 10.1002/2015JD024498 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2KU UT WOS:000378318100028 ER PT J AU Griffith, SM Hansen, RF Dusanter, S Michoud, V Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Veres, PR Graus, M de Gouw, JA Roberts, J Young, C Washenfelder, R Brown, SS Thalman, R Waxman, E Volkamer, R Tsai, C Stutz, J Flynn, JH Grossberg, N Lefer, B Alvarez, SL Rappenglueck, B Mielke, LH Osthoff, HD Stevens, PS AF Griffith, S. M. Hansen, R. F. Dusanter, S. Michoud, V. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. Veres, P. R. Graus, M. de Gouw, J. A. Roberts, J. Young, C. Washenfelder, R. Brown, S. S. Thalman, R. Waxman, E. Volkamer, R. Tsai, C. Stutz, J. Flynn, J. H. Grossberg, N. Lefer, B. Alvarez, S. L. Rappenglueck, B. Mielke, L. H. Osthoff, H. D. Stevens, P. S. TI Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex-LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MCMA-2006 FIELD CAMPAIGN; MEXICO-CITY ATMOSPHERE; MISSING OH SOURCE; NEW-YORK-CITY; NI-PT-CIMS; HO2 CONCENTRATIONS; LOS-ANGELES AB Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2*) radical concentrations were made at the Pasadena ground site during the CalNex-LA 2010 campaign using the laser-induced fluorescence-fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique. The measured concentrations of OH and HO2* exhibited a distinct weekend effect, with higher radical concentrations observed on the weekends corresponding to lower levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The radical measurements were compared to results from a zero-dimensional model using the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism-2 constrained by NOx and othermeasured trace gases. The chemical model overpredicted measured OH concentrations during the weekends by a factor of approximately 1.4 +/- 0.3 (1 sigma), but the agreement was better during the weekdays (ratio of 1.0 +/- 0.2). Model predicted HO2* concentrations underpredicted by a factor of 1.3 +/- 0.2 on the weekends, while measured weekday concentrations were underpredicted by a factor of 3.0 +/- 0.5. However, increasing the modeled OH reactivity to match the measured total OH reactivity improved the overall agreement for both OH and HO2* on all days. A radical budget analysis suggests that photolysis of carbonyls and formaldehyde together accounted for approximately 40% of radical initiation with photolysis of nitrous acid accounting for 30% at the measurement height and ozone photolysis contributing less than 20%. An analysis of the ozone production sensitivity reveals that during the week, ozone production was limited by volatile organic compounds throughout the day during the campaign but NOx limited during the afternoon on the weekends. C1 [Griffith, S. M.; Dusanter, S.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA. [Griffith, S. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Hansen, R. F.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Hansen, R. F.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dusanter, S.; Michoud, V.] SAGE, Mines Douai, Douai, France. [Dusanter, S.; Michoud, V.] Univ Lille, Lille, France. [Michoud, V.] UPEC, Lab Interunivers Syst Atmospher, LISA IPSL, UMR CNRS 7583, Creteil, France. [Michoud, V.] UPD, Creteil, France. [Gilman, J. B.; Veres, P. R.; Graus, M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Roberts, J.; Young, C.; Washenfelder, R.; Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Veres, P. R.; Graus, M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Roberts, J.; Young, C.; Washenfelder, R.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Graus, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Young, C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. [Thalman, R.; Waxman, E.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thalman, R.; Waxman, E.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thalman, R.] Snow Coll, Dept Chem, Ephraim, UT USA. [Tsai, C.; Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Flynn, J. H.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B.; Alvarez, S. L.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Lefer, B.] NASA Headquarters, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Mielke, L. H.; Osthoff, H. D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Mielke, L. H.] Univ Indianapolis, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. RP Stevens, PS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA.; Stevens, PS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. EM pstevens@indiana.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0612738, AGS-1104880] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (AGS-0612738 and AGS-1104880). We would also like to thank the California Air Resources Board and the California Institute of Technology for their support of the CalNex-LA ground site. We would also like to thank Jean Francois Doussin and Marie Camredon from LISA for their valuable discussion. Data presented in this manuscript can be requested by contacting the corresponding author and can also be found at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/calnex/. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 4211 EP 4232 DI 10.1002/2015JD024358 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2KU UT WOS:000378318100029 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Bela, MM Fried, A Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD St Clair, JM Blake, NJ Blake, DR Homeyer, CR Brune, WH Zhang, L Mao, J Ren, X Ryerson, TB Pollack, IB Peischl, J Cohen, RC Nault, BA Huey, LG Liu, X Cantrell, CA AF Barth, M. C. Bela, M. M. Fried, A. Wennberg, P. O. Crounse, J. D. St Clair, J. M. Blake, N. J. Blake, D. R. Homeyer, C. R. Brune, W. H. Zhang, L. Mao, J. Ren, X. Ryerson, T. B. Pollack, I. B. Peischl, J. Cohen, R. C. Nault, B. A. Huey, L. G. Liu, X. Cantrell, C. A. TI Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central US during DC3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT; TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; GAS-PHASE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES; JULY 10 AB One of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. Estimates of H2O2 scavenging efficiencies are comparable to previous studies ranging from 79 to 97% with relative uncertainties of 5-25%. CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies ranged from 12 to 84% with relative uncertainties of 18-558%. The wide range of CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies is surprising, as previous studies suggested that CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies would be < 10%. Cloud chemistry model simulations of one DC3 storm produced CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies of 26-61% depending on the ice retention factor of CH3OOH during cloud drop freezing, suggesting ice physics impacts CH3OOH scavenging. The highest CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies occurred in two severe thunderstorms, but there is no obvious correlation between the CH3OOH scavenging efficiency and the storm thermodynamic environment. We found a moderate correlation between the estimated entrainment rates and CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. Changes in gas-phase chemistry due to lightning production of nitric oxide and aqueous-phase chemistry have little effect on CH3OOH scavenging efficiencies. To determine why CH3OOH can be substantially removed from storms, future studies should examine effects of entrainment rate, retention of CH3OOH in frozen cloud particles during drop freezing, and lightning-NOx production. C1 [Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bela, M. M.; Cantrell, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bela, M. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fried, A.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.; Crounse, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [St Clair, J. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Blake, N. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Homeyer, C. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brune, W. H.; Zhang, L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ren, X.] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Peischl, J.; Nault, B. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, R. C.; Nault, B. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nault, B. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Liu, X.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.; Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU National Science Foundation; NSF [AGS-1261559, AGS-1522910, DGE 1106400]; NASA [NNX12AMO8G, NNX12AC06G, NNX14AP46G-ACCDAM, NNX12AB76G, NNX12AB84G, NNX12AB79G, NNX12AB77G]; NOAA Climate Change program by NASA [NNH12AT30I]; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program [NNH12AT30I] FX The authors thank the DC3 Science and Logistics teams for the successful execution of the DC3 field campaign. Data from the DC3 field project can be found at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=DC3. The aircraft data are also located at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3-seac4rs. Output from the model simulations can be obtained upon request to M. Barth (barthm@ucar.edu). We appreciate Conrad Ziegler (NOAA/NSSL) and his team as well as the NCAR/EOL ISS team for the radiosonde data. G. Diskin and his team are acknowledged for their DC-8 water vapor and CO measurements. We are grateful for the informative weather summaries provided by Morris Weisman and Craig Schwartz during the DC3 field campaign. We value the contributions of John Orlando and the comments on the paper by Sasha Madronich, Rebecca Hornbrook and the three anonymous reviewers. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The INSTAAR group acknowledges NSF and NASA under grant awards AGS-1261559 and NNX12AMO8G, respectively, for funding their participation in the measurements and analysis. The Caltech group thanks NASA for funding their participation in DC3 and contribution to this analysis via grants NNX12AC06G and NNX14AP46G-ACCDAM. N. Blake and D. Blake acknowledge support for DC3 measurements from NASA award NNX12AB76G. C. Homeyer was supported by NSF under grant AGS-1522910. W. H. Brune, L. Zhang, J. Mao, and X. Ren were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB84G. T. B. Ryerson, J. Peischl, and I. B. Pollack were supported under the NOAA Climate Change and NOAA Health of the Atmosphere programs, with participation in DC3 made possible by NASA grant NNH12AT30I. R. C. Cohen and B. A. Nault were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB79G. B. A. Nault was also supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE 1106400. L. G. Huey and X. Liu were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB77G. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 4272 EP 4295 DI 10.1002/2015JD024570 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2KU UT WOS:000378318100032 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, A Ervens, B Gupta, T Tripathi, SN AF Chakraborty, Abhishek Ervens, Barbara Gupta, Tarun Tripathi, Sachchida N. TI Characterization of organic residues of size-resolved fog droplets and their atmospheric implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; DEPENDENT CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AQUEOUS-PHASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CLOUD DROPLETS; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; VOLATILITY MEASUREMENTS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT AB Size-resolved fog water samples were collected in two consecutive winters at Kanpur, a heavily polluted urban area of India. Samples were analyzed by an aerosol mass spectrometer after drying and directly in other instruments. Residues of fine fog droplets (diameter: 4-16 mu m) are found to be more enriched with oxidized (oxygen to carbon ratio, O/C = 0.88) and low volatility organics than residues of coarse (diameter > 22 mu m) and medium size (diameter: 16-22 mu m) droplets with O/C of 0.68 and 0.74, respectively. These O/C ratios are much higher than those observed for background ambient organic aerosols, indicating efficient oxidation in fog water. Accompanying box model simulations reveal that longer residence times, together with high aqueous OH concentrations in fine droplets, can explain these trends. High aqueous OH concentrations in smaller droplets are caused by their highest surface-volume ratio and high Fe and Cu concentrations, allowing more uptake of gas phase OH and enhanced Fenton reaction rates, respectively. Although some volatile organic species may have escaped during droplet evaporation, these findings indicate that aqueous processing of dissolved organics varies with droplet size. Therefore, large (regional, global)-scale models need to consider the variable reaction rates, together with metal-catalyzed radical formation throughout droplet populations for accurately predicting aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation. C1 [Chakraborty, Abhishek; Gupta, Tarun; Tripathi, Sachchida N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Gupta, Tarun; Tripathi, Sachchida N.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Gupta, T; Tripathi, SN (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.; Gupta, T; Tripathi, SN (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM tarun@iitk.ac.in; snt@iitk.ac.in RI Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Chakraborty, Abhishek/0000-0001-9531-6419 FU IIT Kanpur; Indian Ministry of Human Resource and Development [3-21/2014-TS.1]; U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-OAA-A-11- 00012] FX We acknowledge the support of IIT Kanpur for providing us with an HR-ToF-AMS for PG research and teaching. We would also like to acknowledge support of the Indian Ministry of Human Resource and Development (3-21/2014-TS.1) for providing us some financial assistance to carry out this research. This research is also partially supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID-OAA-A-11- 00012). In addition we thank Deepika Bahttu for useful discussions. All the data and results that are used to support the conclusions of this article can be obtained upon request from the corresponding authors by sending emails to tarun@iitk.ac.in and/or snt@iitk.ac.in. This article contains supporting information of 11 pages (S1-S11) with seven figures (Figures S1-S7) and three tables (Tables S1-S3). NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 8 BP 4317 EP 4332 DI 10.1002/2015JD024508 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2KU UT WOS:000378318100034 ER PT J AU Somera, TM Bailey, B Barott, K Grasis, J Hatay, M Hilton, BJ Hisakawa, N Nosrat, B Nulton, J Silveira, CB Sullivan, C Brainard, RE Rohwer, F AF Somera, Tracey McDole Bailey, Barbara Barott, Katie Grasis, Juris Hatay, Mark Hilton, Brett J. Hisakawa, Nao Nosrat, Bahador Nulton, James Silveira, Cynthia B. Sullivan, Chris Brainard, Russell E. Rohwer, Forest TI Energetic differences between bacterioplankton trophic groups and coral reef resistance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microbialization; coral reef; resistance; metabolic theory; disease dissolved organic carbon algae and microbe ID ORGANIC-MATTER RELEASE; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; METABOLIC BALANCE; MARINE VIRUSES; CELL-CYCLE; FOOD WEBS; RED-SEA; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Coral reefs are among the most productive and diverse marine ecosystems on the Earth. They are also particularly sensitive to changing energetic requirements by different trophic levels. Microbialization specifically refers to the increase in the energetic metabolic demands of microbes relative to macrobes and is significantly correlated with increasing human influence on coral reefs. In this study, metabolic theory of ecology is used to quantify the relative contributions of two broad bacterioplankton groups, autotrophs and heterotrophs, to energy flux on 27 Pacific coral reef ecosystems experiencing human impact to varying degrees. The effective activation energy required for photosynthesis is lower than the average energy of activation for the biochemical reactions of the Krebs cycle, and changes in the proportional abundance of these two groups can greatly affect rates of energy and materials cycling. We show that reef-water communities with a higher proportional abundance of microbial autotrophs expend more metabolic energy per gram of microbial biomass. Increased energy and materials flux through fast energy channels (i.e. water-column associated microbial autotrophs) may dampen the detrimental effects of increased heterotrophic loads (e.g. coral disease) on coral reef systems experiencing anthropogenic disturbance. C1 [Somera, Tracey McDole; Barott, Katie; Grasis, Juris; Hatay, Mark; Hilton, Brett J.; Hisakawa, Nao; Nosrat, Bahador; Silveira, Cynthia B.; Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bailey, Barbara; Nulton, James] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Sullivan, Chris] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gillman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Somera, TM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tsmcdole@yahoo.com OI Grasis, Juris/0000-0002-3945-0135 FU NSF [OCE-0927415]; CIFAR [LTRDTD62207]; NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division and Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program FX This work was supported by NSF (OCE-0927415) and a grant from CIFAR (LTRDTD62207). NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division and Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program also supported this work. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1829 AR 20160467 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.0467 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DM2EE UT WOS:000376158600020 ER PT J AU Roseland, JM Patterson, KY Andrews, KW Phillips, KM Phillips, MM Pehrsson, PR Dufresne, GL Jakobsen, J Gusev, PA Savarala, S Nguyen, QV Makowski, AJ Scheuerell, CR Larouche, GP Wise, SA Harnly, JM Williams, JR Betz, JM Taylor, CL AF Roseland, Janet Maxwell Patterson, Kristine Y. Andrews, Karen W. Phillips, Katherine M. Phillips, Melissa M. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Dufresne, Guy L. Jakobsen, Jette Gusev, Pavel A. Savarala, Sushma Nguyen, Quynhanh V. Makowski, Andrew J. Scheuerell, Chad R. Larouche, Guillaume P. Wise, Stephen A. Harnly, James M. Williams, Juhi R. Betz, Joseph M. Taylor, Christine L. TI Interlaboratory Trial for Measurement of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Foods and a Dietary Supplement Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reference material; food; dietary supplement; vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol); 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25-hydroxycholcalciferol) ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL FOOD; D-3; SERUM; EGGS; MEAT; HEALTH; FISH AB Assessment of total vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements (DSs) may be incomplete if 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] intake is not included. However, 25(OH)D data for such intake assessments are lacking, no food or DS reference materials (RMs) are available, and comparison of laboratory performance has been needed. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether vitamin D-3 and 25(OH)D-3 concentrations in food and DS materials could be measured with acceptable reproducibility. Five experienced laboratories from the United States and other countries participated, all using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry but no common analytical protocol; however, various methods were used for determining vitamin D-3 in the DS. Five animal-based materials (including three commercially available RMs) and one DS were analyzed. Reproducibility results for the materials were acceptable. Thus, it is possible to obtain consistent results among experienced laboratories for vitamin D-3 and 25(OH)D-3, in foods and a DS. C1 [Roseland, Janet Maxwell; Patterson, Kristine Y.; Andrews, Karen W.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.; Gusev, Pavel A.; Savarala, Sushma; Nguyen, Quynhanh V.; Williams, Juhi R.] USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Phillips, Katherine M.] Virginia Tech, Biochem Dept 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Phillips, Melissa M.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, MS 8392,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dufresne, Guy L.] Hlth Canada, Food & Nutr Lab, 1001 St Laurent Ouest, Longueuil, PQ J4K 1C7, Canada. [Jakobsen, Jette] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Div Food Chem, Soborg, Denmark. [Makowski, Andrew J.] Heartland Assays LLC, Suite 4400,2711 South Loop Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Scheuerell, Chad R.] Covance Labs, 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, WI 53704 USA. [Betz, Joseph M.; Taylor, Christine L.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 3B01,MSC 7517,6100 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Harnly, James M.] USDA ARS, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, BARC East, Bldg 161,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roseland, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.roseland@ars.usda.gov FU Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health [60 1235 3012] FX Partial funding for this work was provided under Agreement 60 1235 3012 from Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 64 IS 16 BP 3167 EP 3175 DI 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05016 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA DK9IO UT WOS:000375244300008 PM 27045951 ER PT J AU Ayres, CM Scott, DR Corcelli, SA Baker, BM AF Ayres, Cory M. Scott, Daniel R. Corcelli, Steven A. Baker, Brian M. TI Differential utilization of binding loop flexibility in T cell receptor ligand selection and cross-reactivity SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MHC CLASS-II; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PEPTIDE-MHC; CONFORMATIONAL PLASTICITY; IMMUNE RECOGNITION; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; SELF-PEPTIDE; ALPHA-BETA; SPECIFICITY AB Complementarity determining region (CDR) loop flexibility has been suggested to play an important role in the selection and binding of ligands by T cell receptors (TCRs) of the cellular immune system. However, questions remain regarding the role of loop motion in TCR binding, and crystallographic structures have raised questions about the extent to which generalizations can be made. Here we studied the flexibility of two structurally well characterized alpha beta TCRs, A6 and DMF5. We found that the two receptors utilize loop motion very differently in ligand binding and cross-reactivity. While the loops of A6 move rapidly in an uncorrelated fashion, those of DMF5 are substantially less mobile. Accordingly, the mechanisms of binding and cross-reactivity are very different between the two TCRs: whereas A6 relies on conformational selection to select and bind different ligands, DMF5 uses a more rigid, permissive architecture with greater reliance on slower motions or induced-fit. In addition to binding site flexibility, we also explored whether ligand-binding resulted in common dynamical changes in A6 and DMF5 that could contribute to TCR triggering. Although binding-linked motional changes propagated throughout both receptors, no common features were observed, suggesting that changes in nanosecond-level TCR structural dynamics do not contribute to T cell signaling. C1 [Ayres, Cory M.; Scott, Daniel R.; Corcelli, Steven A.; Baker, Brian M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ayres, Cory M.; Baker, Brian M.] Univ Notre Dame, Harper Canc Res Inst, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Scott, Daniel R.] NIST, Neutron Condensed Matter Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baker, BM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.; Baker, BM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Harper Canc Res Inst, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM brian-baker@nd.edu FU NIGMS, NIH [GM067079, GM103773]; Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center FX We thank Paul Brenner and the staff of the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing for assistance. Supported by grants GM067079 and GM103773 from NIGMS, NIH and a grant from the Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 27 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25070 DI 10.1038/srep25070 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK3ZD UT WOS:000374855000001 PM 27118724 ER PT J AU Lam, S Zheng, M Fagan, JA AF Lam, Stephanie Zheng, Ming Fagan, Jeffrey A. TI Characterizing the Effect of Salt and Surfactant Concentration on the Counterion Atmosphere around Surfactant Stabilized SWCNTs Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; DENSITY; LENGTH; NANOPARTICLES; SEDIMENTATION; SEPARATION; PARTITION AB Accurate characterization of dispersed-phase nano particle properties such as density, size, solvation, and charge is necessary for their utilization in applications such as medicine, energy, and materials. Herein, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is used to quantify bile salt surfactant adsorption on length sorted (7,6) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a function of bulk surfactant concentration and in the presence of varying quantities of a monovalent salt sodium chloride. These measurements provide high precision adsorbed surfactant density values in the literature for only the second SWCNT structure to date and report the quantity of adsorbed surfactant across a broad range of bulk surfactant concentrations utilized in SWCNT dispersion processing. Second, the measurements presented herein unambiguously demonstrate, via AUC, a direct relation between the size of the counterion cloud around a surfactant-stabilized SWCNT and solution ionic strength. The results show that changes in the size of the counterion cloud around surfactant-stabilized SWCNT are attributable to electrostatic phenomenon and not to changes in the quantity of adsorbed surfactant with salt addition. These results provide important reference values for projecting SWCNT dispersion behavior as a function of solution conditions and extend the range of nanoparticle properties measurable via AUC. C1 [Lam, Stephanie; Zheng, Ming; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jfagan@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU National Research Council; NSF XSEDE Grant [MCB070038]; NSF [OCI-1053575] FX S.L. acknowledges the National Research Council for her postdoctoral fellowship. The authors also acknowledge the computing time which was utilized for AUC data analysis performed in UltraScan. Calculations were performed on the UltraScan LIMS cluster at the Bioinformatics Core Facility at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio and XSEDE resources supported by NSF XSEDE Grant #MCB070038 (to Borries Demeler). The Gateway is made possible by the use of XSEDE resources and the Extended Collaborative Support Service (ECSS) Program funded by the NSF through Award OCI-1053575. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 16 BP 3926 EP 3936 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00605 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DK9IE UT WOS:000375243300014 PM 27031248 ER PT J AU Mineart, KP Lee, B Spontak, RJ AF Mineart, Kenneth P. Lee, Byeongdu Spontak, Richard J. TI A Solvent-Vapor Approach toward the Control of Block lonomer Morphologies SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ABC TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; DILUTION APPROXIMATION; SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE; PENTABLOCK COPOLYMERS; MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; LINEAR ABCBA; THIN-FILMS AB Sulfonated block ionomers possess advantageous properties for a wide range of diverse applications such as desalination membranes, fuel cells, electroactive media, and photovoltaic devices. Unfortunately, their inherently high incompatibilities and glass transition temperatures effectively prevent the use of thermal annealing, routinely employed to refine the morphologies of nonionic block copolymers. An alternative approach is therefore required to promote morphological equilibration in block ionomers. The present study explores the morphological characteristics of midblock-sulfonated pentablock ionomers (SBIs) differing in their degree of sulfonation (DOS) and cast from solution followed by solvent-vapor annealing (SVA). Transmission electron microscopy confirms that films deposited from different solvent systems form nonequilibrium morphologies due to solvent-regulated self-assembly and drying. A series of SVA tests performed with solvents varying in polarity reveals that exposing cast films to tetrahydrofuran (THF) vapor for at least 2 h constitutes the most effective SVA protocol, yielding the anticipated equilibrium morphology. That is, three SBI grades subjected to THF-SVA self-assemble into well-ordered lamellae wherein the increase in DOS is accompanied by an increase in lamellar periodicity, as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering. C1 [Mineart, Kenneth P.; Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Spontak, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rich_Spontak@ncsu.edu OI Mineart, Kenneth/0000-0003-2374-4670 FU Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University; MANN+HUMMEL GmbH; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Nonwovens Institute at North Carolina State University and MANN+HUMMEL GmbH. In addition, this research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 8 BP 3126 EP 3137 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00134 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DK9IR UT WOS:000375244600025 ER PT J AU Torrisi, SB Britton, JW Bohnet, JG Bollinger, JJ AF Torrisi, Steven B. Britton, Joseph W. Bohnet, Justin G. Bollinger, John J. TI Perpendicular laser cooling with a rotating-wall potential in a Penning trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; ION PLASMAS; CRYSTALS AB We investigate the impact of a rotating-wall potential on perpendicular laser cooling in a Penning ion trap. By including energy exchange with the rotating wall, we extend previous Doppler laser-cooling theory and show that low perpendicular temperatures are more readily achieved with a rotating wall than without. Detailed numerical studies determine optimal operating parameters for producing low-temperature, stable two-dimensional crystals, important for quantum information processing experiments employing Penning traps. C1 [Torrisi, Steven B.; Britton, Joseph W.; Bohnet, Justin G.; Bollinger, John J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Torrisi, Steven B.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Britton, Joseph W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrisi, SB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Torrisi, SB (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship through NIST; NIST NRC postdoctoral fellowship FX We acknowledge useful discussions with D. H. E. Dubin, R. C. Thompson, A. Keith, and D. Meiser. We thank K. Gilmore and R. Fox for their comments on the manuscript. S.B.T. was supported by Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship funding through NIST. J.G.B. was supported by a NIST NRC postdoctoral fellowship. This manuscript is a contribution of NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 AR 043421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.043421 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DK4ZJ UT WOS:000374928600012 ER PT J AU Bowden, JA Cantu, TM Chapman, RW Somerville, SE Guillette, MP Botha, H Hoffman, A Luus-Powell, WJ Smit, WJ Lebepe, J Myburgh, J Govender, D Tucker, J Boggs, ASP Guillette, LJ AF Bowden, John A. Cantu, Theresa M. Chapman, Robert W. Somerville, Stephen E. Guillette, Matthew P. Botha, Hannes Hoffman, Andre Luus-Powell, Wilmien J. Smit, Willem J. Lebepe, Jeffrey Myburgh, Jan Govender, Danny Tucker, Jonathan Boggs, Ashley S. P. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Predictive Blood Chemistry Parameters for Pansteatitis-Affected Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; CROCODILE CROCODYLUS-NILOTICUS; CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS BURCHELL; TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; SOUTH-AFRICA; OLIFANTS RIVER; NILE CROCODILE; SHARPTOOTH CATFISH; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB One of the largest river systems in South Africa, the Olifants River, has experienced significant changes in water quality due to anthropogenic activities. Since 2005, there have been various "outbreaks" of the inflammatory disease pansteatitis in several vertebrate species. Large-scale pansteatitis-related mortality events have decimated the crocodile population at Lake Loskop and decreased the population at Kruger National Park. Most pansteatitis-related diagnoses within the region are conducted post-mortem by either gross pathology or histology. The application of a non-lethal approach to assess the prevalence and pervasiveness of pansteatitis in the Olifants River region would be of great importance for the development of a management plan for this disease. In this study, several plasma-based biomarkers accurately classified pansteatitis in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from Lake Loskop using a commercially available benchtop blood chemistry analyzer combined with data interpretation via artificial neural network analysis. According to the model, four blood chemistry parameters (calcium, sodium, total protein and albumin), in combination with total length, diagnose pansteatitis to a predictive accuracy of 92 percent. In addition, several morphometric traits (total length, age, weight) were also associated with pansteatitis. On-going research will focus on further evaluating the use of blood chemistry to classify pansteatitis across different species, trophic levels, and within different sites along the Olifants River. C1 [Bowden, John A.; Boggs, Ashley S. P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp,Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Cantu, Theresa M.; Somerville, Stephen E.; Guillette, Matthew P.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.; Tucker, Jonathan] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Botha, Hannes; Hoffman, Andre] Mpumalanga Tourism & Pk Agcy, Sci Serv, Nelspruit, South Africa. [Botha, Hannes; Luus-Powell, Wilmien J.; Smit, Willem J.; Lebepe, Jeffrey] Univ Limpopo, Dept Biodivers, Sovenga, South Africa. [Myburgh, Jan; Govender, Danny; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Paraclin Sci, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Govender, Danny] South African Natl Pk, Sci Serv, Skukuza, South Africa. RP Bowden, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem Sci Grp,Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. EM john.bowden@nist.gov FU CoEE Center for Marine Genomics; MUSC Center for Global Health; Heinz Foundation: Environmental Health and Sentinel Species; Biodiversity Research Chair, University of Limpopo FX This work was partially funded in part by the CoEE Center for Marine Genomics (LJG), MUSC Center for Global Health, Heinz Foundation: Environmental Health and Sentinel Species (2011, LJG), and the Biodiversity Research Chair, University of Limpopo (WJLP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0153874 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153874 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK5QB UT WOS:000374973600032 PM 27115488 ER PT J AU Herzing, AA Guler, U Zhou, XL Boltasseva, A Shalaev, V Norris, TB AF Herzing, Andrew A. Guler, Urcan Zhou, Xiuli Boltasseva, Alexandra Shalaev, Vladimir Norris, Theodore B. TI Electron energy loss spectroscopy of plasmon resonances in titanium nitride thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILVER; SURFACE; GOLD AB The plasmon resonance characteristics of refractory TiN thin films were analyzed using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). A bulk plasmon resonance was observed at 2.81 eV and a weaker surface plasmon resonance peak was detected at 2.05 eV. These findings are compared to finite-difference time-domain simulations based on measured optical data. The calculated values for both the bulk and surface resonances (2.74 eV and 2.15 eV, respectively) show reasonable agreement with those measured via EELS. The amplitude of the experimentally observed surface resonance was weaker than that typically encountered in noble metal nanostructures, and this is discussed in the context of electron density and reduced spatial confinement of the resonance mode in the thin-film geometry. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guler, Urcan; Boltasseva, Alexandra; Shalaev, Vladimir] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guler, Urcan; Boltasseva, Alexandra; Shalaev, Vladimir] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guler, Urcan] Nanometa Technol Inc, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Zhou, Xiuli; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Herzing, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.herzing@nist.gov OI Zhou, Xiuli/0000-0002-0993-6767; Guler, Urcan/0000-0002-8807-6274 FU NSF MRSEC [DMR-1120923] FX The authors acknowledge generous support from NSF MRSEC Grant No. DMR-1120923. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 17 AR 171107 DI 10.1063/1.4947442 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DL7UW UT WOS:000375846600007 ER PT J AU Simons, MT Gordon, JA Holloway, CL Anderson, DA Miller, SA Raithel, G AF Simons, Matt T. Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. Anderson, David A. Miller, Stephanie A. Raithel, Georg TI Using frequency detuning to improve the sensitivity of electric field measurements via electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting in Rydberg atoms SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this work, we demonstrate an approach for improved sensitivity in weak radio frequency (RF) electric-field strength measurements using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an atomic vapor. This is accomplished by varying the RF frequency around a resonant atomic transition and extrapolating the weak on-resonant field strength from the resulting off-resonant Autler-Townes (AT) splittings. This measurement remains directly traceable to SI compared to previous techniques, precluding any knowledge of experimental parameters such as optical beam powers as is the case when using the curvature of the EIT line shape to measure weak fields. We use this approach to measure weak RF fields at 182 GHz and 208 GHz demonstrating improvement greater than a factor of 2 in the measurement sensitivity compared to on-resonant AT splitting RF electric field measurements. C1 [Simons, Matt T.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, David A.; Miller, Stephanie A.; Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Anderson, David A.] Rydberg Technol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov OI Miller, Stephanie/0000-0001-7944-3979; SIMONS, MATTHEW/0000-0001-9418-7520 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under QuASAR Program; NIST through Embedded Standards program FX This work was partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the QuASAR Program and by NIST through the Embedded Standards program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 17 AR 174101 DI 10.1063/1.4947231 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DL7UW UT WOS:000375846600053 ER PT J AU Farmer, B Bhat, VS Balk, A Teipel, E Smith, N Unguris, J Keavney, DJ Hastings, JT De Long, LE AF Farmer, B. Bhat, V. S. Balk, A. Teipel, E. Smith, N. Unguris, J. Keavney, D. J. Hastings, J. T. De Long, L. E. TI Direct imaging of coexisting ordered and frustrated sublattices in artificial ferromagnetic quasicrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN ICE; FILMS AB We have used scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and photoemission electron microscopy to image the two-dimensional magnetization of permalloy films patterned into Penrose P2 tilings (P2T). The interplay of exchange interactions in asymmetrically coordinated vertices and short-range dipole interactions among connected film segments stabilize magnetically ordered, spatially distinct sublattices that coexist with frustrated sublattices at room temperature. Numerical simulations that include long-range dipole interactions between sublattices agree with images of as-grown P2T samples and predict a magnetically ordered ground state for a two-dimensional quasicrystal lattice of classical Ising spins. C1 [Farmer, B.; Bhat, V. S.; Teipel, E.; Smith, N.; De Long, L. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, 505 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Balk, A.; Unguris, J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balk, A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Keavney, D. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source 431 E007, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hastings, J. T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 453F Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP De Long, LE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, 505 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM delong@pa.uky.edu FU U.S. DoE [DE-FG02-97ER45653]; U.S. NSF [DMR-1506979]; UK Center for Advanced Materials; UK Center for Computational Sciences; UK Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Research at the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research at University of Kentucky was supported by U.S. DoE Grant DE-FG02-97ER45653, U.S. NSF Grant DMR-1506979, the UK Center for Advanced Materials, the UK Center for Computational Sciences, and the UK Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering. AB acknowledges support of this research under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Research at the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. J. P. Straley, K. Ross, and F. Guo contributed helpful criticism. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 13 AR 134428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.134428 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DK5DA UT WOS:000374938700005 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, J Harriger, L Dahal, A Maurya, A Heitmann, T Disseler, SM Thamizhavel, A Dhar, S Singh, DJ Singh, DK AF Gunasekera, J. Harriger, L. Dahal, A. Maurya, A. Heitmann, T. Disseler, S. M. Thamizhavel, A. Dhar, S. Singh, D. J. Singh, D. K. TI Electronic nature of the lock-in magnetic transition in CeXAl4Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION METALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM AB We have investigated the underlying magnetism in newly discovered single crystal Kondo lattices CeXAl4Si2, where X = Rh, Ir. We show that the compound undergoes an incommensurate-to-commensurate magnetic transition at T-c = 9.19 K (10.75 K in Ir). The spin correlation in the incommensurate phase is described by a spin density wave configuration of Ce ions, which locks in to the long-range antiferromagnetic order at T = T-c. The analysis of the experimental data, combined with the calculation of the electronic properties, suggests the role of the Fermi surface nesting as the primary mechanism behind this phenomenon. C1 [Gunasekera, J.; Dahal, A.; Singh, D. J.; Singh, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Harriger, L.; Disseler, S. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maurya, A.; Thamizhavel, A.; Dhar, S.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbia, India. [Heitmann, T.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM singhdk@missouri.edu FU Department of Commerce facility NIST Center for Neutron Research FX Authors acknowledge the support provided by the Department of Commerce facility NIST Center for Neutron Research. Authors are thankful to J. Leo and A. Ye for help with the neutron scattering experiments. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 15 AR 155151 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.155151 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DK5GD UT WOS:000374947100005 ER PT J AU Li, JW Haney, PM AF Li, Junwen Haney, Paul M. TI Optical spintronics in organic-inorganic perovskite photovoltaics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; HALIDE PEROVSKITES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION; CH3NH3PBI3 PEROVSKITE; IODIDE PEROVSKITES; SPIN PHOTOCURRENTS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RASHBA AB Organic-inorganic halide CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their remarkable power conversion efficiency. When inversion symmetry is broken, these materials should exhibit interesting spin-dependent properties as well, owing to their strong spin-orbit coupling. In this work, we consider the spin-dependent optical response of CH3NH3PbI3. We first use density functional theory to compute the ballistic spin current generated by absorption of unpolarized light. We then consider diffusive transport of photogenerated charge and spin for a thin CH3NH3PbI3 layer with a passivated surface and an Ohmic, nonselective contact. The spin density and spin current are evaluated by solving the drift-diffusion equations for a simplified three-dimensional Rashba model of the electronic structure of the valence and conduction bands. We provide analytic expressions for the photon flux required to induce measurable spin densities, and propose that these spin densities can provide useful information about the role of grain boundaries in the photovoltaic behavior of these materials. We also discuss the prospects for measuring the optically generated spin current with the inverse spin Hall effect. C1 [Li, Junwen; Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Junwen] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, JW (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Li, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX We acknowledge helpful conversations with Allan Mac-Donald, Mark Stiles, and Tom Silva. J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 15 AR 155432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.155432 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DK5GD UT WOS:000374947100012 ER PT J AU Pershing, AJ Alexander, MA Hernandez, CM Kerr, LA Le Bris, A Mills, KE Nye, JA Record, NR Scannell, HA Scott, JD Sherwood, GD Thomas, AC AF Pershing, Andrew J. Alexander, Michael A. Hernandez, Christina M. Kerr, Lisa A. Le Bris, Arnault Mills, Katherine E. Nye, Janet A. Record, Nicholas R. Scannell, Hillary A. Scott, James D. Sherwood, Graham D. Thomas, Andrew C. TI Response to Comments on "Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METABOLIC-RATE; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE AB Palmer et al. and Swain et al. suggest that our "extra mortality" time series is spurious. In response, we show that including temperature-dependent mortality improves abundance estimates and that warming waters reduce growth rates in Gulf of Maine cod. Far from being spurious, temperature effects on this stock are clear, and continuing to ignore them puts the stock in jeopardy. C1 [Pershing, Andrew J.; Kerr, Lisa A.; Le Bris, Arnault; Mills, Katherine E.; Sherwood, Graham D.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hernandez, Christina M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 86 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Record, Nicholas R.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Scannell, Hillary A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, 1503 Northeast Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thomas, Andrew C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME 04101 USA. EM apershing@gmri.org RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 22 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6284 DI 10.1126/science.aae0463 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ8RH UT WOS:000374479700036 PM 27102475 ER PT J AU Cartamil, D Wraith, J Wegner, NC Kacev, D Lam, CH Santana-Morales, O Sosa-Nishizaki, O Escobedo-Olvera, M Kohin, S Graham, JB Hastings, P AF Cartamil, D. Wraith, J. Wegner, N. C. Kacev, D. Lam, C. H. Santana-Morales, O. Sosa-Nishizaki, O. Escobedo-Olvera, M. Kohin, S. Graham, J. B. Hastings, P. TI Movements and distribution of juvenile common thresher sharks Alopias vulpinus in Pacific coast waters of the USA and Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Thresher shark; Shark nursery; Movements; Satellite telemetry; Fishery management; Zoogeography; Juvenile ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; ARCHIVAL TAGGING DATA; HABITAT PREFERENCES; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; FISHERY; TRANSITION; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB The common thresher shark Alopias vulpinus constitutes an important commercial fishery on the Pacific coasts of both the USA and Mexico. However, little is known about the juvenile phase of this species. This study used a combination of pop-up archival satellite tagging, tag-recapture, and fishery catch data to investigate the movement patterns, habitat preferences, ecology, and geographic distribution of juvenile common thresher sharks along the Pacific coast of the USA and Mexico. Juvenile threshers primarily utilized continental shelf waters, with a geographic range extending from Punta Eugenia in Baja California, Mexico (27.8 degrees N) north to Morro Bay, California (35.3 degrees N). Within this range, sharks were found at significantly lower latitudes in March and April. Satellite-tagged juvenile threshers exhibited diel patterns of vertical distribution, primarily inhabiting the upper 20 m of the water column by night, and significantly greater depths by day. In addition, juvenile threshers made frequent daytime dives to depths exceeding 50 m, with a maximum recorded dive depth of 192 m. Tracked sharks were most commonly associated with ambient water temperatures between 14 and 17 degrees C, and inhabited significantly warmer temperatures at night than during the day. No tidal or lunar influence on vertical distribution was found, and vertical habitat utilization did not increase concomitantly with shark size. This study is the first to document movements of juvenile threshers between US and Mexican waters, highlighting the need for bi-national management strategies for this shared fishery resource. C1 [Cartamil, D.; Graham, J. B.; Hastings, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wraith, J.; Wegner, N. C.; Kohin, S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kacev, D.] San Diego State Univ, Biol Dept, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lam, C. H.] Univ Massachusetts Boston, Sch Environm, Large Pelag Res Ctr, POB 3188, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Santana-Morales, O.; Sosa-Nishizaki, O.; Escobedo-Olvera, M.] CICESE, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol Pesquera, Km 107,Carretera Tijuana Ensenada, Ensenada 22880, Baja California, Mexico. RP Cartamil, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dcartamil@ucsd.edu FU Moore Family Foundation; California Sea Grant; Ocean Protection Council; Save Our Seas Foundation; NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program FX Funding was provided by The Moore Family Foundation, California Sea Grant, the Ocean Protection Council, the Save Our Seas Foundation, NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program, and a gift from Jeffrey Bohn. Tim Athens and the crew of the FV 'Outer Banks', Daniel Yanagi, and Eddie Kisfaludy assisted with fieldwork. Thanks to Mike Kinney and Tim Sippel for their helpful reviews of this manuscript. The manuscript is dedicated to the memories of co-authors Jeffrey B. Graham and Miguel Escobedo-Olvera. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 153 EP 163 DI 10.3354/meps11673 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000011 ER PT J AU Giles, JL Riginos, C Naylor, GJP Dharmadi Ovenden, JR AF Giles, Jenny L. Riginos, Cynthia Naylor, Gavin J. P. Dharmadi Ovenden, Jennifer R. TI Genetic and phenotypic diversity in the wedgefish Rhynchobatus australiae, a threatened ray of high value in the shark fin trade SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Wedgefishes; Rays; Shark fin trade; Phylogeography; Southeast Asia ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; BATOIDS; FISH; CHONDRICHTHYES; DISPERSAL; INFERENCE; MRBAYES AB Rhynchobatus spp. (wedgefishes) are large benthopelagic shark-like rays with fins that are highly prized in the international shark fin trade. They are among the most threatened groups of sharks and rays globally. While Rhynchobatus spp. are known to be under considerable fishing pressure as a group, taxonomic confusion among species within the genus has compromised species-specific fishery and demographic data that are urgently needed for developing effective management strategies. Rhynchobatus australiae (Whitley, 1939) is a large Indo-West Pacific species reaching 2 to 3 m that is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This study combines new empirical data from field surveys with data obtained from verified reference specimens to investigate genetic and phenotypic variation in R. australiae and its relative incidence in fisheries. R. australiae dominated Rhynchobatus catch in fisheries surveys across Southeast Asia, and was the most commonly recorded species of the genus in Australia (94% and 58% of captures respectively, n = 207). Study specimens were consistent with a single species with moderate spatial mtDNA variation (Phi(ST) = 0.198, p < 0.0001). We show that R. australiae can be reliably differentiated from other Indo-Pacific species with nadh2 (1044bp), and a section of the control region (456bp) short enough to amplify DNA from processed fins in international trade. We document aspects of morphological variability to assist in the description of external characters that differentiate this species. This is the first range-wide intraspecific study on any wedgefish species, and provides the most complete synthesis of mtDNA data to date for identifying Rhynchobatus fins in the global shark fin trade. C1 [Giles, Jenny L.; Riginos, Cynthia] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Naylor, Gavin J. P.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Dharmadi] Minist Marine Affairs & Fisheries, Res Ctr Capture Fisheries, Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur 14430, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia. [Ovenden, Jennifer R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Mol Fisheries Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Giles, Jenny L.] NOAA, Natl Acad Sci, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Forens Lab, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Giles, JL (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.; Giles, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Acad Sci, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Forens Lab, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jennylgiles@gmail.com RI Riginos, Cynthia/G-3320-2010 OI Riginos, Cynthia/0000-0002-5485-4197 FU Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Australia; PADI Foundation; University Women Australia; Phuket Marine Biological Station in Thailand; Australian-American Fulbright Commission; Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries' Research Center for Capture Fisheries (RCCF) [FIS/2003/037] FX This work was undertaken on an Australian postgraduate award. We thank the Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Australia, PADI Foundation and University Women Australia for funding this research, and the many collaborators who assisted in the field, contributed samples, and assisted in accessing reference specimens. In particular, we thank L. Marshall, K. Khampetch, S. Woranchananant, V. Schluessel, Fahmi, W. White, P. Last, E. Garvilles, N. Barut, E. Alesna, M. Sarmiento, A. Gutteridge, G. Johnson, A. Harry, O. Bittar, C. Dudgeon, J. White, S. Peverell, R. Pillans, J. Salini, R. Buckworth, D. Almojil, A. Graham, M. McGrouther, M. Shivji, M. Heithaus, D. Catania, the staff at the PengHu Islands Marine Biological Research Station, Taiwan and Phuket Marine Biological Station in Thailand, and the Australian-American Fulbright Commission for funding US activities. Fieldwork was under the Guidelines of the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee (Approval ANRFA/615/08). Collection in the Philippines was undertaken under an MOA with the Department of Agriculture (Marine Fisheries Research Division, BFAR-NFRDI), Commodity clearance No. 09-5295. Indonesian field collections were part of a project of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) in association with the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries' Research Center for Capture Fisheries (RCCF) (Project FIS/2003/037). In Thailand, field surveys were undertaken as part of a visiting studentship at Kasetsart University's Department of Marine Science. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.3354/meps11617 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000012 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Garza, JC MacFarlane, RB Grimes, CB Phillis, CC Koch, PL Weber, PK Carr, MH AF Johnson, Rachel C. Garza, John Carlos MacFarlane, R. Bruce Grimes, Churchill B. Phillis, Corey C. Koch, Paul L. Weber, Peter K. Carr, Mark H. TI Isotopes and genes reveal freshwater origins of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha aggregations in California's coastal ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Winter-run Chinook salmon; Schooling; Otolith microchemistry; Strontium; Navigation ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; LA-MC-ICPMS; PACIFIC SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DNA; CENTRAL VALLEY; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ATLANTIC SALMON AB The ability of salmon to navigate from the ocean back to their river of origin to spawn acts to reinforce local adaptation and maintenance of unique and heritable traits among salmon populations. Here, the extent to which Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the same freshwater breeding groups associate together in the ocean at regional and smaller-scale aggregations prior to homeward migration is evaluated. Natural variation in salmon otolith daily growth bands, strontium isotopes (Sr-87/Sr-86), and microsatellite DNA were used as intrinsic tags to link the distributions of fish caught in the ocean with their freshwater origins. Adults were caught from vessels by hook and line in small aggregations (7-18 ind.) at the same geographic location (1-24 km of coastline) and time (4-36 h) from 3 ocean regions along central California, USA. Salmon caught together in aggregations were from the same genetic group, and to a lesser extent, of the same natal origin (individual rivers or hatcheries). However, at regional scales, adult salmon mixed. Central Valley winter-run Chinook salmon caught together in the ocean varied in the duration of freshwater rearing for up to 2-3 mo prior to seaward migration, suggesting associations within the group were not established in freshwater or maintained over the lifetime of the fish. Our findings are consistent with coarser information indicating stocks are distributed differently in time and space, but larger sample sizes are required to evaluate the consistency of patterns at smaller spatial scales. This study uncovers freshwater associations prior to homeward migration, a principle and undocumented prerequisite of the collective navigation hypothesis. C1 [Johnson, Rachel C.; Garza, John Carlos; MacFarlane, R. Bruce; Grimes, Churchill B.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Johnson, Rachel C.; Carr, Mark H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [MacFarlane, R. Bruce; Grimes, Churchill B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Phillis, Corey C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Phillis, Corey C.] Metropolitan Water Dist Southern Calif, 1121 L St Suite 900, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Johnson, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM rachel.johnson@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries through the Student Careers' Experience Program; University of California's Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative; Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Myers Oceanographic Trust FX We thank W. Satterthwaite and S. Lindley for discussions and significant improvements to the manuscript, F. Ramos and D. Tollstrup for assistance with Sr isotopic measurements, E. Anderson and A. Clemento for assistance with genetic analyses, and P. Raimondi and C. Syms for statistical advice. Special thanks to M. Kilgour, A. Nickels, S. Reins, and A. Bachar for tissue collection and preparation. This project would not have been possible without the fishing skills of P. Parravano, J. Hie, R. Block, J. Estes, S. Berkeley, J. Figurski, S. Sogard and the crew and patrons of the 'New Captain Pete', 'The Outer Limits', and 'Dave's Albacore'. A. Smith provided GIS assistance for Fig. 1, and G. Whitman provided editorial assistance. We thank the programs that funded this work: NOAA Fisheries through the Student Careers' Experience Program, University of California's Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative, and the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans (PISCO), which is funded primarily by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and the Myers Oceanographic Trust. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.3354/meps11623 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000013 ER PT J AU Crear, DP Lawson, DD Seminoff, JA Eguchi, T LeRoux, RA Lowe, CG AF Crear, Daniel P. Lawson, Daniel D. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Eguchi, Tomoharu LeRoux, Robin A. Lowe, Christopher G. TI Seasonal shifts in the movement and distribution of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas in response to anthropogenically altered water temperatures SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Thermal refuge; Ectotherm; Warm water effluent; Power plants; Acoustic telemetry; Foraging aggregation ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SCALE MOVEMENTS; FORAGING AREA; GROWTH-RATES; MODELS; FLORIDA; LAGOON; DORMANCY; ECOLOGY AB Anthropogenically altered water temperatures (AAWT) have the potential to affect the movement and distribution of marine ectothermic species. Green sea turtles (GSTs) Chelonia mydas are an ectothermic species observed inhabiting 2 sites with AAWT at the northern point of their geographical range in the eastern Pacific. An acoustic receiver array was deployed with temperature loggers at the San Gabriel River, Long Beach, CA, where 2 power plants discharge warm water into the river, and at the 7th St. Basin, Seal Beach, CA, a dredged shallow basin with warmer water compared to surrounding coastal habitats during the summer months. Juvenile GSTs (n = 22, straight carapace length = 45.2 to 96.8 cm) were tagged with acoustic transmitters. Turtles in the basin migrated into the river during winter months when temperatures dropped below 15 degrees C. During the winter, turtles were most frequently detected at the river receiver stations adjacent to and downstream of the power plants. This suggests that GSTs use the warm effluent as a thermal refuge, avoiding colder areas upstream of the power plants and near the river mouth. In the summer, turtles were most frequently detected at receiver stations upstream of the power plants, potentially exploiting areas of the river with higher primary productivity. AAWT sustain the northernmost aggregation of GSTs in the eastern Pacific year round; however, based on GST thermal tolerance, this population is expected to change their movement patterns when the power plants discontinue discharging warm water by 2029. C1 [Crear, Daniel P.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Lawson, Daniel D.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, West Coast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 West Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; LeRoux, Robin A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lowe, Christopher G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Crear, DP (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM dcrear8@gmail.com FU NOAA Fisheries West Coast Regional Office; SCTC Marine Biology Foundation; Los Angeles Rod and Reel Club FX Financial support was provided by the NOAA Fisheries West Coast Regional Office, SCTC Marine Biology Foundation, and the Los Angeles Rod and Reel Club. We thank US Fish and Wildlife manager K. Gilligan, US Navy Ecologist B. Schallmann, and Los Cerritos Wetlands for logical support. We also thank the following individuals for their support in the field: D. Prosperi, J. Schumacher, B. MacDonald, and the entire NOAA-NMFS team that assisted with turtle capture. We especially thank numerous volunteers who helped with data-collection, including J. Hinricher, A. Jimenez, C. White, and W. Stahnke. We particularly thank D. Johnson, J. Archie, and T. Fahy for their input and guidance during the project. All research and animal handling was carried out under the National Marine Fisheries Service Permit #14510 NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.3354/meps11696 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000016 ER PT J AU Lindsay, RE Constantine, R Robbins, J Mattila, DK Tagarino, A Dennis, TE AF Lindsay, Rebecca E. Constantine, Rochelle Robbins, Jooke Mattila, David K. Tagarino, Alden Dennis, Todd E. TI Characterising essential breeding habitat for whales informs the development of large-scale Marine Protected Areas in the South Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Maximum Entropy Modelling; Humpback whale; MPA; Megaptera novaeangliae ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; SAMPLE-SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MAXENT; CONSERVATION; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; HAWAII AB There are significant challenges associated with mapping critical habitat for large, migratory species. The humpback whales of Oceania in the South Pacific are no exception, with their winter breeding grounds spanning > 4000 km of ocean basin. This subpopulation is listed as endangered, but there are few systematic spatial data with which to prioritise specific areas for additional research or conservation. A few sites in Oceania have been the focus of long-term, non-systematic population surveys. Using the maximum entropy algorithm, we developed predictive habitat models for 2 such sites: American Samoa 2003-2010 (n = 300) and Tonga 1996-2007 (n = 475), using sightings of whale groups and environmental factors hypothesised to influence their space-use patterns. At both sites, shallow water was the best predictor of the spatial distribution of mother-calf pairs. In contrast, access to deep water was important for adult groups, and seafloor slope and rugosity influenced habitat suitability for males engaged in acoustic breeding displays. Our study illustrates the value of predictive modelling for identifying habitat partitioning for specific sub-groups of a wider population. Similarities between habitat requirements predicted in our study to those identified for other populations suggest that the slow recovery of Oceania humpback whales cannot be attributed to unusual breeding-habitat needs; instead, there may be other factors influencing the slow increase in population size. We recommend that the modelling techniques utilised here be used to identify other breeding sites within Oceania for future research and conservation efforts across the South Pacific region. C1 [Lindsay, Rebecca E.; Constantine, Rochelle; Dennis, Todd E.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Constantine, Rochelle] Univ Auckland, Inst Marine Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Robbins, Jooke; Mattila, David K.] Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA USA. [Mattila, David K.] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI USA. [Tagarino, Alden] Amer Samoa Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS USA. [Tagarino, Alden] Univ Philippines, Inst Renewable & Nat Resources, Laguna, Philippines. RP Constantine, R (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand.; Constantine, R (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Inst Marine Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM r.constantine@auckland.ac.nz OI Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 548 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.3354/meps11663 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DM5GF UT WOS:000376375000019 ER PT J AU Olivieri, G Parry, KM Powell, CJ Tobias, DJ Brown, MA AF Olivieri, Giorgia Parry, Krista M. Powell, Cedric J. Tobias, Douglas J. Brown, Matthew A. TI Quantitative interpretation of molecular dynamics simulations for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; 50-2000 EV RANGE; LIQUID/VAPOR INTERFACE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BULK WATER; NANOPARTICLES; PARAMETERS; SURFACES AB Over the past decade, energy-dependent ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has emerged as a powerful analytical probe of the ion spatial distributions at the vapor (vacuum)aqueous electrolyte interface. These experiments are often paired with complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an attempt to provide a complete description of the liquid interface. There is, however, no systematic protocol that permits a straightforward comparison of the two sets of results. XPS is an integrated technique that averages signals from multiple layers in a solution even at the lowest photoelectron kinetic energies routinely employed, whereas MD simulations provide a microscopic layer-by-layer description of the solution composition near the interface. Here, we use the National Institute of Standards and Technology database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to quantitatively interpret atom-density profiles from MD simulations for XPS signal intensities using sodium and potassium iodide solutions as examples. We show that electron inelastic mean free paths calculated from a semi-empirical formula depend strongly on solution composition, varying by up to 30% between pure water and concentrated NaI. The XPS signal thus arises from different information depths in different solutions for a fixed photoelectron kinetic energy. XPS signal intensities are calculated using SESSA as a function of photoelectron kinetic energy (probe depth) and compared with a widely employed ad hoc method. SESSA simulations illustrate the importance of accounting for elastic-scattering events at low photoelectron kinetic energies (<300 eV) where the ad hoc method systematically underestimates the preferential enhancement of anions over cations. Finally, some technical aspects of applying SESSA to liquid interfaces are discussed. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Olivieri, Giorgia; Brown, Matthew A.] ETH, Dept Mat, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Parry, Krista M.; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), ETH, Dept Mat, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM matthew.brown@mat.ethz.ch RI Brown, Matthew/D-9236-2012; Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 FU ETH Research Grant [ETH-20 13-2]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0431312]; Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology at ETH Zurich FX G.O. is funded through an ETH Research Grant (No. ETH-20 13-2). The work at UC Irvine is supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (No. CHE-0431312). G.O. and M.A.B. are indebted to Professor Nicholas D. Spencer and the Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology at ETH Zurich for continued support. Professor John C. Hemminger is acknowledged for insightful discussions. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 15 AR 154704 DI 10.1063/1.4947027 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL6YM UT WOS:000375786000035 PM 27389231 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Rosch, TW Phelan, FR AF Patrone, Paul N. Rosch, Thomas W. Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. TI Bayesian calibration of coarse-grained forces: Efficiently addressing transferability SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ITERATIVE BOLTZMANN INVERSION; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POTENTIALS; TEMPERATURE; POLYSTYRENE; SYSTEMS; SIMULATIONS; MODELS AB Generating and calibrating forces that are transferable across a range of state-points remains a challenging task in coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics. In this work, we present a coarse-graining workflow, inspired by ideas from uncertainty quantification and numerical analysis, to address this problem. The key idea behind our approach is to introduce a Bayesian correction algorithm that uses functional derivatives of CG simulations to rapidly and inexpensively recalibrate initial estimates f(0) of forces anchored by standard methods such as force-matching. Taking density-temperature relationships as a running example, we demonstrate that this algorithm, in concert with various interpolation schemes, can be used to efficiently compute physically reasonable force curves on a fine grid of state-points. Importantly, we show that our workflow is robust to several choices available to the modeler, including the interpolation schemes and tools used to construct f(0). In a related vein, we also demonstrate that our approach can speed up coarse-graining by reducing the number of atomistic simulations needed as inputs to standard methods for generating CG forces. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.; Rosch, Thomas W.; Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.patrone@nist.gov FU NIST [506]; National Science Foundation Math Institute 507 [DMS-0931945] FX All authors thank Debra Audus, Timothy Burns, Andrew Dienstfrey, and Anthony Kearsley for useful comments during preparation of the manuscript. T.R. thanks Sergei Izvekov (Army Research Lab) for the use of his FM code implemented on the Garnet cluster located at the ERDC DSRC. Part of this work was completed while P.P. was a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) under a 506 grant from NIST to the IMA. The IMA is a National Science Foundation Math Institute 507 funded under Award No. DMS-0931945. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 15 AR 154101 DI 10.1063/1.4945380 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DL6YM UT WOS:000375786000007 PM 27389203 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TB Tyndall, GS Crounse, JD Teng, AP Bates, KH Schwantes, RH Coggon, MM Zhang, L Feiner, P Milller, DO Skog, KM Rivera-Rios, JC Dorris, M Olson, KF Koss, A Wild, RJ Brown, SS Goldstein, AH de Gouw, JA Brune, WH Keutsch, FN Seinfeldcj, JH Wennberg, PO AF Nguyen, Tran B. Tyndall, Geoffrey S. Crounse, John D. Teng, Alexander P. Bates, Kelvin H. Schwantes, Rebecca H. Coggon, Matthew M. Zhang, Li Feiner, Philip Milller, David O. Skog, Kate M. Rivera-Rios, Jean C. Dorris, Matthew Olson, Kevin F. Koss, Abigail Wild, Robert J. Brown, Steven S. Goldstein, Allen H. de Gouw, Joost A. Brune, William H. Keutsch, Frank N. Seinfeldcj, John H. Wennberg, Paul O. TI Atmospheric fates of Criegee intermediates in the ozonolysis of isoprene SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE OZONOLYSIS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CONFORMER-DEPENDENT REACTIVITY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXY RADICAL REACTIONS; OZONE-ALKENE REACTIONS; METHYL VINYL KETONE; CARBONYL OXIDES; WATER-VAPOR AB We use a large laboratory, modeling, and field dataset to investigate the isoprene + O-3 reaction, with the goal of better understanding the fates of the C-1 and C-4 Criegee intermediates in the atmosphere. Although ozonolysis can produce several distinct Criegee intermediates, the C-1 stabilized Criegee (CH2OO, 61 +/- 9%) is the only one observed to react bimolecularly. We suggest that the C-4 Criegees have a low stabilization fraction and propose pathways for their decomposition. Both prompt and non-prompt reactions are important in the production of OH (28% +/- 5%) and formaldehyde (81% +/- 16%). The yields of unimolecular products (OH, formaldehyde, methacrolein (42 +/- 6%) and methyl vinyl ketone (18 +/- 6%)) are fairly insensitive to water, i.e., changes in yields in response to water vapor (<= 4% absolute) are within the error of the analysis. We propose a comprehensive reaction mechanism that can be incorporated into atmospheric models, which reproduces laboratory data over a wide range of relative humidities. The mechanism proposes that CH2OO + H2O (k((H2O)) similar to 1 x 10(-15) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1)) yields 73% hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), 6% formaldehyde + H2O2, and 21% formic acid + H2O; and CH2OO + (H2O)(2) (k((H2O)2) similar to 1 x 10(-12) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1)) yields 40% HMHP, 6% formaldehyde + H2O2, and 54% formic acid + H2O. Competitive rate determinations (k(SO2)/k((H2O)n=1,2) similar to 2.2 (+/- 0.3) x 10(4)) and field observations suggest that water vapor is a sink for greater than 98% of CH2OO in a Southeastern US forest, even during pollution episodes ([SO2] similar to 10 ppb). The importance of the CH2OO + (H2O)(n) reaction is demonstrated by high HMHP mixing ratios observed over the forest canopy. We find that CH2OO does not substantially affect the lifetime of SO2 or HCOOH in the Southeast US, e.g., CH2OO + SO2 reaction is a minor contribution (<6%) to sulfate formation. Extrapolating, these results imply that sulfate production by stabilized Criegees is likely unimportant in regions dominated by the reactivity of ozone with isoprene. In contrast, hydroperoxide, organic acid, and formaldehyde formation from isoprene ozonolysis in those areas may be significant. C1 [Nguyen, Tran B.; Crounse, John D.; Teng, Alexander P.; Schwantes, Rebecca H.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tyndall, Geoffrey S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bates, Kelvin H.; Coggon, Matthew M.; Seinfeldcj, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Li; Feiner, Philip; Milller, David O.; Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Skog, Kate M.; Rivera-Rios, Jean C.; Dorris, Matthew; Keutsch, Frank N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Olson, Kevin F.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olson, Kevin F.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coggon, Matthew M.; Koss, Abigail; Wild, Robert J.; Brown, Steven S.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wild, Robert J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Seinfeldcj, John H.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nguyen, Tran B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rivera-Rios, Jean C.; Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Olson, Kevin F.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. RP Nguyen, TB (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Nguyen, TB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tbn@ucdavis.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1331360]; NSF [AGS-1240604]; Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI-10003903] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship award AGS-1331360, NSF grant AGS-1240604, and the Electric Power Research Institute grant EPRI-10003903. We thank the organizers and participants of the FIXCIT chamber campaign and SOAS field campaign. NR 107 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 39 U2 95 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 15 BP 10241 EP 10254 DI 10.1039/c6cp00053c PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DJ6VF UT WOS:000374350600043 PM 27021601 ER PT J AU Schwarz, S Bollen, G Ringle, R Savory, J Schury, P AF Schwarz, S. Bollen, G. Ringle, R. Savory, J. Schury, P. TI The LEBIT ion cooler and buncher SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Radiofrequency quadrupole; Radioactive ion beams; Beam transport ID PROJECTILE FRAGMENTS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; MASS MEASUREMENTS; RARE ISOTOPES; BEAM BUNCHER; GAS CELL; TRAP; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; FACILITY AB This paper presents a detailed description of the ion cooler and buncher, installed at the Low Energy Beam and Ion Trap Facility (LEBIT) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). NSCL uses gas stopping to provide rare isotopes from projectile fragmentation for its low-energy physics program and to the re-accelerator ReA. The LEBIT ion buncher converts the continuous rare-isotope beam, delivered from the gas stopping cell, into short, low-emittance ion pulses, required for high precision mass measurements with a 9.4 T Penning trap mass spectrometer. Operation at cryogenic temperatures, a simplified electrode structure and dedicated rugged electronics contribute to the high performance and reliability of the device, which have been essential to the successful LEBIT physics program since 2005. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwarz, S.; Ringle, R.] MSU, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Bollen, G.] MSU, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI USA. [Bollen, G.] MSU, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI USA. [Savory, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Schury, P.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. RP Schwarz, S (reprint author), MSU, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2016 VL 816 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.078 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DF0DO UT WOS:000371009400019 ER PT J AU Bower, GC Deller, A Demorest, P Brunthaler, A Falcke, H Moscibrodzka, M O'Leary, RM Eatough, RP Kramer, M Lee, KJ Spitler, L Desvignes, G Rushton, AP Doeleman, S Reid, MJ AF Bower, Geoffrey C. Deller, Adam Demorest, Paul Brunthaler, Andreas Falcke, Heino Moscibrodzka, Monika O'Leary, Ryan M. Eatough, Ralph P. Kramer, Michael Lee, K. J. Spitler, Laura Desvignes, Gregory Rushton, Anthony P. Doeleman, Sheperd Reid, Mark J. TI THE PROPER MOTION OF THE GALACTIC CENTER PULSAR RELATIVE TO SAGITTARIUS A (vol 798, 120, 2015) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Bower, Geoffrey C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Deller, Adam; Falcke, Heino] ASTRON, POB 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Demorest, Paul] NRAO, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Brunthaler, Andreas; Falcke, Heino; Eatough, Ralph P.; Kramer, Michael; Lee, K. J.; Spitler, Laura; Desvignes, Gregory] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Falcke, Heino; Moscibrodzka, Monika] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [O'Leary, Ryan M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [O'Leary, Ryan M.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kramer, Michael] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Rushton, Anthony P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Rushton, Anthony P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Doeleman, Sheperd] MIT, Haystack Observ, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Doeleman, Sheperd; Reid, Mark J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bower, GC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM gbower@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 821 IS 2 AR 133 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/133 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DN5JM UT WOS:000377102700062 ER PT J AU Tang, WS Matsuo, M Wu, H Stavila, V Zhou, W Talin, AA Soloninin, AV Skoryunov, RV Babanova, OA Skripov, AV Unemoto, A Orimo, SI Udovic, TJ AF Tang, Wan Si Matsuo, Motoaki Wu, Hui Stavila, Vitalie Zhou, Wei Talin, Albert Alec Soloninin, Alexei V. Skoryunov, Roman V. Babanova, Olga A. Skripov, Alexander V. Unemoto, Atsushi Orimo, Shin-Ichi Udovic, Terrence J. TI Liquid-Like Ionic Conduction in Solid Lithium and Sodium Monocarba-closo-Decaborates Near or at Room Temperature SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ANION REORIENTATIONS; SUPERIONIC CONDUCTION; NA2B12H12; PHASE; LI2B12H12; LIBH4 C1 [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tang, Wan Si; Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuo, Motoaki; Orimo, Shin-Ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Stavila, Vitalie; Talin, Albert Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Soloninin, Alexei V.; Skoryunov, Roman V.; Babanova, Olga A.; Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Unemoto, Atsushi; Orimo, Shin-Ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Tang, WS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Tang, WS; Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Orimo, SI (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.; Orimo, SI (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM wansi.tang@nist.gov; orimo@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; udovic@nist.gov RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skoryunov, Roman/0000-0001-6158-9056 FU Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; Collaborative Research Center on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); JSPS [25220911, 26820311]; Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations under Program "Spin" [01201463330]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-03-01114]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; US DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed, in part, in collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32- Hydrogen-based Energy Storage. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award number DESC0001160; the Collaborative Research Center on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Nos. 25220911 and 26820311; the Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations under Program "Spin" No. 01201463330; and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 15-03-01114. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 21 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 AR 1502237 DI 10.1002/aenm.201502237 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA DK1VU UT WOS:000374703900011 ER PT J AU Coddington, I Newbury, N Swann, W AF Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan Swann, William TI Dual-comb spectroscopy SO OPTICA LA English DT Review ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; MIDINFRARED FREQUENCY-COMB; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS-WAVE LASER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FIBER LASER; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND LASERS; RESOLVED MODES AB Dual-comb spectroscopy is an emerging new spectroscopic tool that exploits the frequency resolution, frequency accuracy, broad bandwidth, and brightness of frequency combs for ultrahigh-resolution, high-sensitivity broadband spectroscopy. By using two coherent frequency combs, dual-comb spectroscopy allows a sample's spectral response to be measured on a comb tooth-by-tooth basis rapidly and without the size constraints or instrument response limitations of conventional spectrometers. This review describes dual-comb spectroscopy and summarizes the current state of the art. As frequency comb technology progresses, dual-comb spectroscopy will continue to mature and could surpass conventional broadband spectroscopy for a wide range of laboratory and field applications. C1 [Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan; Swann, William] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian.coddington@nist.gov; nathan.newbury@nist.gov FU Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (DSO); Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (DSO); Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 117 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 23 U2 49 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 4 BP 414 EP 426 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000414 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK2MQ UT WOS:000374749100012 ER PT J AU Loredo, JC Zakaria, NA Somaschi, N Anton, C de Santis, L Giesz, V Grange, T Broome, MA Gazzano, O Coppola, G Sagnes, I Lemaitre, A Auffeves, A Senellart, P Almeida, MP White, AG AF Loredo, Juan C. Zakaria, Nor A. Somaschi, Niccolo Anton, Carlos de Santis, Lorenzo Giesz, Valerian Grange, Thomas Broome, Matthew A. Gazzano, Olivier Coppola, Guillaume Sagnes, Isabelle Lemaitre, Aristide Auffeves, Alexia Senellart, Pascale Almeida, Marcelo P. White, Andrew G. TI Scalable performance in solid-state single-photon sources SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT; ULTRABRIGHT SOURCE; INDISTINGUISHABILITY; DEVICE; TELEPORTATION; MICROCAVITY; EMISSION AB The desiderata for an ideal photon source are high brightness, high single-photon purity, and high indistinguishability. Defining brightness at the first collection lens, these properties have been simultaneously demonstrated with solid-state sources; however, absolute source efficiencies remain close to the 1% level and indistinguishability has only been demonstrated for photons emitted consecutively on the few-nanoseconds scale. Here, we employ deterministic quantum dot-micropillar devices to demonstrate solid-state single-photon sources with scalable performances. In one device, an absolute brightness at the output of a single-mode fiber of 14% and purities of 97.1%-99.0% are demonstrated. When nonresontantly excited, it emits a long stream of photons that exhibit indistinguishability up to 70%-above the classical limit of 50%-even after 33 consecutively emitted photons with a 400 ns separation between them. Resonant excitation in other devices results in near-optimal indistinguishability values: 96% at short timescales, remaining at 88% in timescales as large as 463 ns after 39 emitted photons. The performance attained by our devices brings solid-state sources into a regime suitable for scalable implementations. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Loredo, Juan C.; Zakaria, Nor A.; Broome, Matthew A.; Almeida, Marcelo P.; White, Andrew G.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Somaschi, Niccolo; Anton, Carlos; de Santis, Lorenzo; Giesz, Valerian; Gazzano, Olivier; Coppola, Guillaume; Sagnes, Isabelle; Lemaitre, Aristide; Senellart, Pascale] Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, LPN, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. [de Santis, Lorenzo] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Grange, Thomas; Auffeves, Alexia] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Neel, Nanophys & Semicond Grp, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Senellart, Pascale] Univ Paris Saclay, Ecole Polytech, Dept Phys, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Broome, Matthew A.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Ctr Excellence Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Gazzano, Olivier] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Loredo, JC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM juan.loredo1@gmail.com RI Lemaitre, Aristide/B-9899-2009; Broome, Matthew/D-2560-2010; Loredo Rosillo, Juan Carlos/M-8117-2016; SENELLART, Pascale/C-1771-2017; OI Lemaitre, Aristide/0000-0003-1892-9726; Loredo Rosillo, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-9117-1187; SENELLART, Pascale/0000-0002-8727-1086; Anton, Carlos/0000-0002-9316-4340 FU Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE110001013]; Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology [CE110001027]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA2386-13-1-4070]; ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award [DE120101899]; ERC Starting Grant [277885 QD-CQED]; French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR DELIGHT, ANR USSEPP); French RENATECH network Labex NanoSaclay; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7 [618078 WASPS] FX Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems (CE110001013); Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (CE110001027); Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (FA2386-13-1-4070); ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award (DE120101899); ERC Starting Grant (277885 QD-CQED); French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR DELIGHT, ANR USSEPP); French RENATECH network Labex NanoSaclay; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7 (618078 WASPS). NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 4 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000433 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK2MQ UT WOS:000374749100014 ER PT J AU Bergeron, H Sinclair, LC Swann, WC Nelson, CW Deschenes, JD Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Bergeron, Hugo Sinclair, Laura C. Swann, William C. Nelson, Craig W. Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. TI Tight real-time synchronization of a microwave clock to an optical clock across a turbulent air path SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID CRYOCOOLED SAPPHIRE OSCILLATOR; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; LOW PHASE-NOISE; FREQUENCY TRANSFER; FIBER; GENERATION; TRANSMISSION; CANCELLATION; ATMOSPHERE AB The ability to distribute the precise time and frequency from an optical clock to remote platforms could enable future precise navigation and sensing systems. Here, we demonstrate tight, real-time synchronization of a remote microwave clock to a master optical clock over a turbulent 4 km open-air path via optical two-way time-frequency transfer. Once synchronized, the 10 GHz frequency signals generated at each site agree to 10(-14) at 1 s and below 10(-17) at 1000 s. In addition, the two clock times are synchronized to +/- 13 fs over an 8-hour period. The ability to phase-synchronize 10 GHz signals across platforms supports future distributed coherent sensing, while the ability to time-synchronize multiple microwave-based clocks to a high-performance master optical clock supports future precision navigation/timing systems. C1 [Bergeron, Hugo; Sinclair, Laura C.; Swann, William C.; Nelson, Craig W.; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bergeron, Hugo; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Univ Laval, 2325 Rue Univ, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. RP Bergeron, H; Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Bergeron, H (reprint author), Univ Laval, 2325 Rue Univ, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM hugo.bergeron@nist.gov; nathan.newbury@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (DSO) FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (DSO). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 4 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000441 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK2MQ UT WOS:000374749100015 ER PT J AU Chen, X Harriger, L Sefat, A Birgeneau, RJ Wilson, SD AF Chen, Xiang Harriger, Leland Sefat, Athena Birgeneau, R. J. Wilson, Stephen D. TI Strain-activated structural anisotropy in BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON ARSENIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSITION; ORDER AB High-resolution single crystal neutron diffraction measurements are presented probing the magnetostructural response to uniaxial pressure in the iron pnictide parent system BaFe2As2. Scattering data reveal a strain-activated, anisotropic broadening of nuclear Bragg reflections, which increase upon cooling below the resolvable onset of global orthorhombicity. This anisotropy in lattice coherence continues to build until a lower temperature scale-the first-order onset of antiferromagnetism-is reached. Our data suggest that antiferromagnetism and strong magnetoelastic coupling drive the strain-activated lattice response in thismaterial and that the development of anisotropic lattice correlation lengths under strain is a possible origin for the high temperature transport anisotropy in this compound. C1 [Chen, Xiang] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Chen, Xiang; Wilson, Stephen D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Harriger, Leland] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sefat, Athena] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM stephendwilson@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU NSF CAREER [DMR-1056625]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by NSF CAREER Award DMR-1056625 (S.D.W.). Partial support given by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (A.S.). The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 14 AR 144118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.144118 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DJ9KD UT WOS:000374531500003 ER PT J AU Dietz, TC Tomaszewski, CE Tsinas, Z Poster, D Barkatt, A Adel-Hadadi, M Bateman, FB Cumberland, LT Schneider, E Gaskell, K LaVerne, J Al-Sheikhly, M AF Dietz, Travis C. Tomaszewski, Claire E. Tsinas, Zois Poster, Dianne Barkatt, Aaron Adel-Hadadi, Mohammad Bateman, Fred B. Cumberland, Lonnie T. Schneider, Erich Gaskell, Karen LaVerne, Jay Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad TI Uranium Removal from Seawater by Means of Polyamide 6 Fibers Directly Grafted with Diallyl Oxalate through a Single-Step, Solvent-Free Irradiation Process SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID URANYL; COMPLEXES; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL AB To test the effectiveness of oxalate-based polymeric adsorbents in the recovery of uranium from seawater, diallyl oxalate (DAOx) was grafted onto polyamide 6 fabrics by exposing the fabric, immersed in pure liquid DAOx or in a surfactant-stabilized dispersion of DAOx in water, to electron beam or gamma radiation. After the fabrics were dried and weighed to determine the degree of grafting (DoG), the presence of oxalate in the fabrics was verified using XPS. Zeta potential measurements showed the fabric surfaces to be negatively charged. The fabrics were tested by rotating them for 7 days in a rotary agitator with actual seawater spiked with 0.2 or 1.0 mg.L-1 uranium. The fraction of uranium in the solution which was removed due to uptake on the fabrics was found to rise with increasing DoG at both uranium concentrations. EDS measurements were used to map the distribution of adsorbed uranium on the polymeric fibers. C1 [Dietz, Travis C.; Tomaszewski, Claire E.; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsinas, Zois] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gaskell, Karen] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Poster, Dianne; Bateman, Fred B.; Cumberland, Lonnie T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barkatt, Aaron; Adel-Hadadi, Mohammad] Catholic Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schneider, Erich] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Nucl & Radiat Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [LaVerne, Jay] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Al-Sheikhly, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mohamad@cua.edu FU USA Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) [DE-NE0000723] FX The authors are indebted to the USA Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) for the financial support of this work through Award No. DE-NE0000723. The authors acknowledge support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its FabLab where the scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed. The authors also acknowledge the support of Tim Maugel with the Laboratory for Biological Ultrastructure at the University of Maryland where scanning electron microscopy was also performed. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software, ... ) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 15 BP 4179 EP 4186 DI 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03401 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA DK3JH UT WOS:000374812400011 ER PT J AU Altman, RB Prabhu, S Sidow, A Zook, JM Goldfeder, R Litwack, D Ashley, E Asimenos, G Bustamante, CD Donigan, K Giacomini, KM Johansen, E Khuri, N Lee, E Liang, XS Salit, M Serang, O Tezak, Z Wall, DP Mansfield, E Kass-Hout, T AF Altman, Russ B. Prabhu, Snehit Sidow, Arend Zook, Justin M. Goldfeder, Rachel Litwack, David Ashley, Euan Asimenos, George Bustamante, Carlos D. Donigan, Katherine Giacomini, Kathleen M. Johansen, Elaine Khuri, Natalia Lee, Eunice Liang, Xueying Sharon Salit, Marc Serang, Omar Tezak, Zivana Wall, Dennis P. Mansfield, Elizabeth Kass-Hout, Taha TI A research roadmap for next-generation sequencing informatics SO SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Next-generation sequencing technologies are fueling a wave of new diagnostic tests. Progress on a key set of nine research challenge areas will help generate the knowledge required to advance effectively these diagnostics to the clinic. C1 [Altman, Russ B.] Stanford Univ, Bioengn Genet & Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Prabhu, Snehit; Bustamante, Carlos D.] Stanford Univ, Biomed Data Sci & Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sidow, Arend] Stanford Univ, Pathol & Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldfeder, Rachel] Stanford Univ, Biomed Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Litwack, David; Donigan, Katherine; Johansen, Elaine; Lee, Eunice; Liang, Xueying Sharon; Tezak, Zivana; Mansfield, Elizabeth; Kass-Hout, Taha] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Ashley, Euan] Stanford Univ, Med Genet & Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asimenos, George; Serang, Omar] DNAnexus, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. [Giacomini, Kathleen M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Khuri, Natalia; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] Stanford Univ, NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wall, Dennis P.] Stanford Univ, Syst Med & Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Altman, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Bioengn Genet & Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM russ.altman@stanford.edu OI Kass-Hout, Taha/0000-0002-0123-5157 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1946-6234 EI 1946-6242 J9 SCI TRANSL MED JI Sci. Transl. Med. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 335 AR 335ps10 DI 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7314 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DJ7SM UT WOS:000374412300003 PM 27099173 ER PT J AU Gruss, D Velizhanin, KA Zwolak, M AF Gruss, Daniel Velizhanin, Kirill A. Zwolak, Michael TI Landauer's formula with finite-time relaxation: Kramers' crossover in electronic transport SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; CARBON NANOTUBE; QUANTUM TRANSPORT; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; DEPENDENT TRANSPORT; POINT CONTACTS; SINGLE; DNA; SYSTEMS; NUCLEOTIDES AB Landauer's formula is the standard theoretical tool to examine ballistic transport in nano-and mesoscale junctions, but it necessitates that any variation of the junction with time must be slow compared to characteristic times of the system, e.g., the relaxation time of local excitations. Transport through structurally dynamic junctions is, however, increasingly of interest for sensing, harnessing fluctuations, and real-time control. Here, we calculate the steady-state current when relaxation of electrons in the reservoirs is present and demonstrate that it gives rise to three regimes of behavior: weak relaxation gives a contact-limited current; strong relaxation localizes electrons, distorting their natural dynamics and reducing the current; and in an intermediate regime the Landauer view of the system only is recovered. We also demonstrate that a simple equation of motion emerges, which is suitable for efficiently simulating time-dependent transport. C1 [Gruss, Daniel; Zwolak, Michael] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gruss, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gruss, Daniel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Velizhanin, Kirill A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zwolak, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mpz@nist.gov RI Velizhanin, Kirill/C-4835-2008; Zwolak, Michael/G-2932-2013 OI Zwolak, Michael/0000-0001-6443-7816 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program FX Daniel Gruss acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Kirill A. Velizhanin was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 24514 DI 10.1038/srep24514 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ7JG UT WOS:000374387100001 PM 27094206 ER PT J AU Schimmelrnann, A Qi, HP Coplen, TB Brand, WA Fong, J Meier-Augenstein, W Kemp, HF Toman, B Ackermann, A Assonov, S Aerts-Bijma, AT Brejcha, R Chikaraishi, Y Darwish, T Elsner, M Gehre, M Geilmann, H Groing, M Helie, JF Herrero-Martin, S Meijer, HAJ Sauer, PE Sessions, AL Werner, RA AF Schimmelrnann, Arndt Qi, Haiping Coplen, Tyler B. Brand, Willi A. Fong, Jon Meier-Augenstein, Wolfram Kemp, Helen F. Toman, Blaza Ackermann, Annika Assonov, Sergey Aerts-Bijma, Anita T. Brejcha, Ramona Chikaraishi, Yoshito Darwish, Tamim Elsner, Martin Gehre, Matthias Geilmann, Heike Groeing, Manfred Helie, Jean-Francois Herrero-Martin, Sara Meijer, Harro A. J. Sauer, Peter E. Sessions, Alex L. Werner, Roland A. TI Organic Reference Materials for Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen Stable Isotope-Ratio Measurements: Caffeines, n-Alkanes, Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, Glycines, L-Valines, Polyethylenes, and Oils SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DELTA-C-13; NORMALIZATION; CALIBRATION; GUIDELINES; PRECISION; ABUNDANCE; CHROMIUM; OXYGEN AB An international project developed, quality-tested, and determined isotope-delta values of 19 new organic reference materials (RMs) for hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope-ratio measurements, in addition to analyzing pre-existing RMs NBS 22 (oil), IAEA-CH-7 (polyethylene foil), and IAEA-600 (caffeine). These new RMs enable users to normalize measurements of samples to isotope-delta scales. The RMs span a range of delta H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values from -210.8 to +397.0 mUr or parts per thousand, for delta C-13(VPDB-LSVEC) from -40.81 to +0.49 mUr and for delta N-15(Air) from -5.21 to +61.53 mUr. Many of the new RMs are amenable to gas and liquid chromatography. The RMs include triads of isotopically contrasting caffeines, C-16 n-alkanes, n-C-20-fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), glycines, and L-valines, together with polyethylene powder and string, one n-C-17-FAME, a vacuum oil (NBS 22a) to replace NBS 22 oil, and a H-2-enriched vacuum oil. A total of 11 laboratories from 7 countries used multiple analytical approaches and instrumentation for 2-point isotopic normalization against international primary measurement standards. The use of reference waters in silver tubes allowed direct normalization of delta H-2 values of organic materials against isotopic reference waters following the principle of identical treatment. Bayesian statistical analysis yielded the mean values reported here. New RMs are numbered from USGS61 through USGS78, in addition to NBS 22a. Because of exchangeable hydrogen, amino acid RMs currently are recommended only for carbon- and nitrogen-isotope measurements. Some amino acids contain C-13 and carbon-bound organic H-2-enrichments at different molecular sites to provide RMs for potential site-specific isotopic analysis in future studies. C1 [Schimmelrnann, Arndt; Fong, Jon; Sauer, Peter E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.] US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Brand, Willi A.; Geilmann, Heike] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Beutenberg Campus,POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Meier-Augenstein, Wolfram; Kemp, Helen F.] James Hutton Inst, Stable Isotope Forens Lab, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ackermann, Annika; Werner, Roland A.] ETH, Inst Agrarwissensch, LFW C48-1,Univ Str 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Assonov, Sergey; Groeing, Manfred] IAEA, Dept Nucl Applicat, Environm Labs, Terr Environm Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Aerts-Bijma, Anita T.; Meijer, Harro A. J.] Univ Groningen, ESRIG, CIO, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Brejcha, Ramona; Elsner, Martin] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Grundwasserokol, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Chikaraishi, Yoshito] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Dept Biogeochem, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Darwish, Tamim] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Natl Deuterat Facil, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. [Gehre, Matthias; Meijer, Harro A. J.] Helmholtz Centre Environm Res UFZ, Dept Isotope Biogeochem, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Helie, Jean-Francois] Univ Quebec, Ctr Rech GEOTOP, Dept Sci Terre & Atmosphere, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Sessions, Alex L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Robert Gordon Univ, Sch Pharm & Life Sci, Sir Ian Wood Bldg, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, Scotland. RP Schimmelrnann, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 East 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM aschimme@indiana.edu RI Elsner, Martin/J-4637-2012 OI Elsner, Martin/0000-0003-4746-9052 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-1052927]; National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an initiative of the Australian Government; U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program FX We are indebted to Marilyn Fogel, Libby Stern, and Michael Wieser for assisting with the initiation of this project. Stefanie Poppenhager (Amino GmbH, Frellstedt, Germany; www.amino.de) donated pure L-valine. Tetyana Gilevska, Henk Jansen, Steffen Kummel, and Harald Lowag provided analytical assistance. The manuscript benefited from constructive reviews by L. I. Wassenaar, Linda Stalker, and two anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant EAR-1052927. The National Deuteration Facility is partly supported by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), an initiative of the Australian Government. The support of the U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program made this report possible. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 8 BP 4294 EP 4302 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04392 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DK1WP UT WOS:000374706000020 PM 26974360 ER PT J AU Cox, LM Killgore, JP Li, ZW Long, R Sanders, AW Xiao, JL Ding, YF AF Cox, Lewis M. Killgore, Jason P. Li, Zhengwei Long, Rong Sanders, Aric W. Xiao, Jianliang Ding, Yifu TI Influences of Substrate Adhesion and Particle Size on the Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Particles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; POLYMER PARTICLES; SURFACE-ENERGY; ELASTIC SOLIDS; NANOPARTICLES; DEFORMATION; FRICTION; FILMS; GELS; COMPRESSION AB Formulations and applications of micro- and nanoscale polymer particles have proliferated rapidly in recent years, yet knowledge of their mechanical behavior has not grown accordingly. In this study, we examine the ways that compressive strain, substrate surface energy, and particle size influence the shape memory cycle of polystyrene particles. Using nanoimprint lithography, differently sized particles are programmed into highly deformed, temporary shapes in contact with substrates of differing surface energies. Atomic force microscopy is used to obtain in situ measurements of particle shape recovery kinetics, and scanning electron microscopy is employed to assess differences in the profiles of particles at the conclusion of the shape memory cycle. Finally, finite element models are used to investigate the growing impact of surface energies at smaller length scales. Results reveal that the influence of substrate adhesion on particle recovery is size-dependent and can become dominating at submicron length scales. C1 [Cox, Lewis M.; Li, Zhengwei; Long, Rong; Xiao, Jianliang; Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Killgore, Jason P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cox, LM; Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lewis.cox@colorado.edu; yifu.ding@colorado.edu RI Li, Zhengwei/D-4523-2014; Xiao, Jianliang/B-4535-2008 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1233626, CBET-1264276, EFRI-1038305] FX We acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation under grant number CMMI-1233626, CBET-1264276, and EFRI-1038305. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedures adequately, such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 15 BP 3691 EP 3698 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00588 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DK1WV UT WOS:000374706700016 PM 27023181 ER PT J AU Paul, S Johnson, PR Tiesinga, E AF Paul, Saurabh Johnson, P. R. Tiesinga, Eite TI Hubbard model for ultracold bosonic atoms interacting via zero-point-energy-induced three-body interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITION; COLD ATOMS; FESHBACH RESONANCES; OPTICAL LATTICES; COLLISIONS; GAS; SCATTERING; PHYSICS AB We show that, for ultracold neutral bosonic atoms held in a three-dimensional periodic potential or optical lattice, a Hubbard model with dominant, attractive three-body interactions can be generated. In fact, we derive that the effect of pairwise interactions can be made small or zero starting from the realization that collisions occur at the zero-point energy of an optical lattice site and the strength of the interactions is energy dependent from effective-range contributions. We determine the strength of the two- and three-body interactions for scattering from van der Waals potentials and near Fano-Feshbach resonances. For van der Waals potentials, which for example describe scattering of alkaline-earth atoms, we find that the pairwise interaction can only be turned off for species with a small negative scattering length, leaving the Sr-88 isotope a possible candidate. Interestingly, for collisional magnetic Feshbach resonances this restriction does not apply and there often exist magnetic fields where the two-body interaction is small. We illustrate this result for several known narrow resonances between alkali-metal atoms as well as chromium atoms. Finally, we compare the size of the three-body interaction with hopping rates and describe limits due to three-body recombination. C1 [Paul, Saurabh] Univ Maryland, Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paul, Saurabh] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Paul, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1506343] FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1506343. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 AR 043616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.043616 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DJ9FR UT WOS:000374519900003 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Young, MK Luce, CH Hostetler, SW Wenger, SJ Peterson, EE Hoef, JMV Groce, MC Horan, DL Nagel, DE AF Isaak, Daniel J. Young, Michael K. Luce, Charles H. Hostetler, Steven W. Wenger, Seth J. Peterson, Erin E. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Groce, Matthew C. Horan, Dona L. Nagel, David E. TI Slow climate velocities of mountain streams portend their role as refugia for cold-water biodiversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate refugia; climate velocity; biodiversity; fish; network ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BROOK TROUT; NETWORKS; HABITAT; FISHES; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; TELEOSTEI AB The imminent demise of montane species is a recurrent theme in the climate change literature, particularly for aquatic species that are constrained to networks and elevational rather than latitudinal retreat as temperatures increase. Predictions of widespread species losses, however, have yet to be fulfilled despite decades of climate change, suggesting that trends are much weaker than anticipated and may be too subtle for detection given the widespread use of sparse water temperature datasets or imprecise surrogates like elevation and air temperature. Through application of large water-temperature databases evaluated for sensitivity to historical air-temperature variability and computationally interpolated to provide high-resolution thermal habitat information for a 222,000-km network, we estimate a less dire thermal plight for cold-water species within mountains of the northwestern United States. Stream warming rates and climate velocities were both relatively low for 1968-2011 (average warming rate = 0.101 degrees C/ decade; median velocity = 1.07 km/decade) when air temperatures warmed at 0.21 degrees C/decade. Many cold-water vertebrate species occurred in a subset of the network characterized by low climate velocities, and three native species of conservation concern occurred in extremely cold, slow velocity environments (0.33-0.48 km/decade). Examination of aggressive warming scenarios indicated that although network climate velocities could increase, they remain low in headwaters because of strong local temperature gradients associated with topographic controls. Better information about changing hydrology and disturbance regimes is needed to complement these results, but rather than being climatic cul-de-sacs, many mountain streams appear poised to be redoubts for cold-water biodiversity this century. C1 [Isaak, Daniel J.; Luce, Charles H.; Groce, Matthew C.; Horan, Dona L.; Nagel, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hostetler, Steven W.] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wenger, Seth J.] Univ Georgia, River Basins Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Math & Stat Frontiers, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Peterson, Erin/0000-0003-2992-0372; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; US Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Northern; North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperatives FX This research was supported by the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Great Northern and North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperatives. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 19 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 16 BP 4374 EP 4379 DI 10.1073/pnas.1522429113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ7LV UT WOS:000374393800048 PM 27044091 ER PT J AU Paez, E Arnold, KJ Hajiyev, E Porsev, SG Dzuba, VA Safronova, UI Safronova, MS Barrett, MD AF Paez, Eduardo Arnold, K. J. Hajiyev, Elnur Porsev, S. G. Dzuba, V. A. Safronova, U. I. Safronova, M. S. Barrett, M. D. TI Atomic properties of Lu+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPECTROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY; MOMENTS; ION AB Singly ionized lutetium has recently been suggested as a potential clock candidate. Here we report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of Lu+. Measurements relevant to practical clock operation are made and compared to atomic structure calculations. Calculations of scalar and tensor polarizabilities for clock states over a range of wavelengths are also given. These results will be useful for future work with this clock candidate. C1 [Paez, Eduardo; Arnold, K. J.; Hajiyev, Elnur; Barrett, M. D.] Ctr Quantum Technol, 3 Sci Dr 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Paez, Eduardo; Arnold, K. J.; Hajiyev, Elnur; Barrett, M. D.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, 2 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore. [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DC 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Dzuba, V. A.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barrett, MD (reprint author), Ctr Quantum Technol, 3 Sci Dr 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore.; Barrett, MD (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, 2 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore. EM phybmd@nus.edu.sg RI Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Arnold, Kyle/0000-0003-3544-8246 FU National Research Foundation; Ministry of Education, Singapore under the Research Centres of Excellence programme; U.S. NSF Grant [PHY-1520993]; Australian Research Council; Prime Minister's Office, Singapore FX This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore and the Ministry of Education, Singapore under the Research Centres of Excellence programme. This work was supported in part by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1520993 and the Australian Research Council. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 4 AR 042112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.042112 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DJ9FM UT WOS:000374519400003 ER PT J AU Bagwell, CE Abernathy, A Barnwell, R Milliken, CE Noble, PA Dale, T Beauchesne, KR Moeller, PDR AF Bagwell, Christopher E. Abernathy, Amanda Barnwell, Remy Milliken, Charles E. Noble, Peter A. Dale, Taraka Beauchesne, Kevin R. Moeller, Peter D. R. TI Discovery of Bioactive Metabolites in Biofuel Microalgae That Offer Protection against Predatory Bacteria SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microalgae; bioactive metabolites; iron; crop protection; predation ID MARINE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; PREVENT POND CRASHES; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; FRESH-WATER; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; SECONDARY METABOLITES; GROWTH-RATE; GREEN-ALGA; IRON AB Microalgae could become an important resource for addressing increasing global demand for food, energy, and commodities while helping to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gasses. Even though Chlorophytes are generally regarded safe for human consumption, there is still much we do not understand about the metabolic and biochemical potential of microscopic algae. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofuel candidate strains of Chlorella and Scenedesmus for the potential to produce bioactive metabolites when grown under nutrient depletion regimes intended to stimulate production of triacylglycerides. Strain specific combinations of macro- and micro nutrient restricted growth media did stimulate neutral lipid accumulation by microalgal cultures. However, cultures that were restricted for iron consistently and reliably tested positive for cytotoxicity by in vivo bioassays. The addition of iron back to these cultures resulted in the disappearance of the bioactive components by LC/MS fingerprinting and loss of cytotoxicity by in vivo bioassay. Incomplete NMR characterization of the most abundant cytotoxic fractions suggested that small molecular weight peptides and glycosides could be responsible for Chlorella cytotoxicity. Experiments were conducted to determine if the bioactive metabolites induced by Fe-limitation in Chlorella sp. cultures would elicit protection against Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, an obligate predator of Chlorella. Introduction of V chlorellavorus resulted in a 72% decrease in algal biomass in the experimental controls after 7 days. Conversely, only slight losses of algal biomass were measured for the iron limited Chlorella cultures (0-9%). This study demonstrates a causal linkage between iron bioavailability and bioactive metabolite production in strains of Chlorella and Scenedesmus. Further study of this phenomenon could contribute to the development of new strategies to extend algal production cycles in open, outdoor systems while ensuring the protection of biomass from predatory losses. C1 [Bagwell, Christopher E.; Abernathy, Amanda; Barnwell, Remy; Milliken, Charles E.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Aiken, SC USA. [Noble, Peter A.] Alabama State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Montgomery, AL 36101 USA. [Dale, Taraka] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Res, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. RP Bagwell, CE (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Biotechnol, Aiken, SC USA. EM christopher.bagwell@srnl.doe.gov OI Noble, Peter/0000-0002-6013-2588 FU SRNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Biomass Program [DE-NL0022905] FX This research was jointly supported by the SRNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Biomass Program (Award # DE-NL0022905). NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 31 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD APR 18 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 516 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00516 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DJ5SS UT WOS:000374271000001 PM 27148205 ER PT J AU Williams, NL Juranek, LW Johnson, KS Feely, RA Riser, SC Talley, LD Russell, JL Sarmiento, JL Wanninkhof, R AF Williams, N. L. Juranek, L. W. Johnson, K. S. Feely, R. A. Riser, S. C. Talley, L. D. Russell, J. L. Sarmiento, J. L. Wanninkhof, R. TI Empirical algorithms to estimate water column pH in the Southern Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; SEAWATER; CO2; ACIDIFICATION; ALKALINITY AB Empirical algorithms are developed using high-quality GO-SHIP hydrographic measurements of commonly measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, and oxygen) that estimate pH in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The coefficients of determination, R-2, are 0.98 for pH from nitrate (pH(N)) and 0.97 for pH from oxygen (pH(Ox)) with RMS errors of 0.010 and 0.008, respectively. These algorithms are applied to Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) biogeochemical profiling floats, which include novel sensors (pH, nitrate, oxygen, fluorescence, and backscatter). These algorithms are used to estimate pH on floats with no pH sensors and to validate and adjust pH sensor data from floats with pH sensors. The adjusted float data provide, for the first time, seasonal cycles in surface pH on weekly resolution that range from 0.05 to 0.08 on weekly resolution for the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. C1 [Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, K. S.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Riser, S. C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Talley, L. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Russell, J. L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sarmiento, J. L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Williams, NL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nancy.williams@oregonstate.edu RI Johnson, Kenneth/F-9742-2011; Williams, Nancy/I-3472-2015 OI Johnson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5513-5584; Williams, Nancy/0000-0002-6541-9385 FU U.S. National Science Foundation's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) Project under the NSF Award [PLR-1425989]; U.S. Argo through NOAA/JISAO grant [NA17RJ1232]; ARCS Foundation Portland Chapter FX The measurement methods, calibration, and quality control for all discrete bottle data used in this study are available at http://cchdo.ucsd.edu, and all SOCCOM float data are available at http://soccom.princeton.edu/soccomviz.php. This work was sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) Project under the NSF Award PLR-1425989. Logistical support for this project in Antarctic waters was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the U.S. Antarctic Program. Additionally, we acknowledge support from U.S. Argo through NOAA/JISAO grant NA17RJ1232 to the University of Washington. Nancy Williams is also supported by the ARCS Foundation Portland Chapter. This is PMEL contribution 4417. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3415 EP 3422 DI 10.1002/2016GL068539 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300048 ER PT J AU Lopez, H Kirtman, B AF Lopez, Hosmay Kirtman, Ben P. TI Investigating the seasonal predictability of significant wave height in the West Pacific and Indian Oceans SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; WIND-WAVES; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; LAYER; NCEP AB This study investigates seasonal prediction skill of significant wave height (SWH) in the West Pacific and Indian Oceans. We forced the WAVEWATCH III model with 10m winds from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis-2 and from the Community Climate System Model version 4 North American Multi-Model Ensemble retrospective forecasts for the period of January 1979 to December 2013. Results indicate potential for predicting SWH with several months lead time during boreal summers after the warm phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) measured by deterministic and probabilistic skill scores in the Northwest Pacific and Bay of Bengal. During these summers, SWH is smaller than normal due to reduced atmospheric synoptic activity associated with an anomalously anticyclone in the western Pacific, leading to larger signal-to-noise ratio in the 10m winds, hence increasing SWH prediction skill. It is shown that ENSO has a nonlinear influence on the number of extremely large SWH events, with reduced number of extreme occurrences during boreal summers after the warm phase of ENSO. C1 [Lopez, Hosmay] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Lopez, Hosmay] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kirtman, Ben P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lopez, H (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.; Lopez, H (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu RI Lopez, Hosmay/M-3278-2015 FU ONR award [N000141310439]; NOAA awards [NA15OAR4320064, NA12OAR4310089] FX We would like to acknowledge the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Data can be obtained upon request by contacting the corresponding author at hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu. The authors acknowledge support from ONR award N000141310439 and NOAA awards NA15OAR4320064 and NA12OAR4310089. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3451 EP 3458 DI 10.1002/2016GL068653 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300053 ER PT J AU Schnell, JL Prather, MJ Josse, B Naik, V Horowitz, LW Zeng, G Shindell, DT Faluvegi, G AF Schnell, Jordan L. Prather, Michael J. Josse, Beatrice Naik, Vaishali Horowitz, Larry W. Zeng, Guang Shindell, Drew T. Faluvegi, Greg TI Effect of climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; REGIONAL AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FUTURE CLIMATE; EMISSIONS CHANGES; SUMMERTIME OZONE; MODEL; QUALITY AB The effect of future climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia is evaluated using present-day (2000s) and future (2100s) hourly surface ozone simulated by four global models. Future climate follows RCP8.5, while methane and anthropogenic ozone precursors are fixed at year 2000 levels. Climate change shifts the seasonal surface ozone peak to earlier in the year and increases the amplitude of the annual cycle. Increases in mean summertime and high-percentile ozone are generally found in polluted environments, while decreases are found in clean environments. We propose that climate change augments the efficiency of precursor emissions to generate surface ozone in polluted regions, thus reducing precursor export to neighboring downwind locations. Even with constant biogenic emissions, climate change causes the largest ozone increases at high percentiles. In most cases, air quality extreme episodes become larger and contain higher ozone levels relative to the rest of the distribution. C1 [Schnell, Jordan L.; Prather, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Josse, Beatrice] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Shindell, Drew T.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Faluvegi, Greg] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Schnell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. EM jschnell@uci.edu RI Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 FU NASA [NNX09AJ47G, NNX13AL12G, NNX15AE35G]; DOE [DE-SC0007021]; National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1321846]; NeSI's collaborator institutions; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Research Infrastructure Programme FX Research at UCI was supported by NASA grants NNX09AJ47G, NNX13AL12G, and NNX15AE35G and DOE award DE-SC0007021. J.L. Schnell was supported by the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-1321846). G. Zeng acknowledges the use of New Zealand's national HPC facilities that are provided by the NZ eScience Infrastructure and funded jointly by NeSI's collaborator institutions and through the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Research Infrastructure Programme. We are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. The hourly ACCMIP data at the models' native resolutions can be obtained at http://badc.nerc.ac.uk, while the remapped MDA8 ozone data can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3509 EP 3518 DI 10.1002/2016GL068060 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DL3MG UT WOS:000375537300060 ER PT J AU Pu, B Dickinson, RE Fu, R AF Pu, Bing Dickinson, Robert E. Fu, Rong TI Dynamical connection between Great Plains low-level winds and variability of central Gulf States precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Great Plains low-level jet; summer precipitation; central Gulf States ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; SUMMER RAINFALL VARIABILITY; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; WATER-BALANCE; JET; DROUGHT; INTENSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS AB The Great Plains low-level jet has been related to summer precipitation over the northern Great Plains and Midwest through its moisture transport and convergence at the jet exit area. Much less studied has been its negative relationship with precipitation over the southern Great Plains and the Gulf coastal area. This work shows that the southerly low-level winds at 30 degrees-40 degrees N over the southern Great Plains are significantly correlated with anticyclonic vorticity to its east over the central Gulf States (30 degrees-35 degrees N, 85 degrees-95 degrees W) from May to July. When the low-level jet is strong in June and July, anomalous anticyclonic vorticity over the central Gulf States leads to divergence and consequent subsidence suppressing precipitation over that region. In contrast, an enhanced southerly flow at the entrance region of the jet over the Gulf of Mexico, largely uncorrelated with the meridional wind over the southern Great Plains, is correlated with increased precipitation over the central Gulf States. Precipitation is large over the central Gulf States when the meridional wind over the southern Great Plains is weakest and over the Gulf of Mexico is strongest. This increase is consistent with the increased moisture transport and dynamic balance between loss of vorticity by advection and friction and gain by convergence. C1 [Pu, Bing; Dickinson, Robert E.; Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Pu, Bing] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pu, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA.; Pu, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bing.pu@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy DOE [DE-FG02-09ER64746]; NASA [NNX13AN39G]; NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program [NA10OAR4310157] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their extremely thorough and constructive comments that lead to substantial improvement of this work. The North American Regional Reanalysis used in this paper is available to download from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.narr.html. This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy DOE (DE-FG02-09ER64746), the NASA Indicators for the National Climate Assessment Program (grant NNX13AN39G), and NOAA's Climate Program Office's Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program (grant award NA10OAR4310157). NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3421 EP 3434 DI 10.1002/2015JD024045 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7QG UT WOS:000375120200021 ER PT J AU Ge, C Wang, J Carn, S Yang, K Ginoux, P Krotkov, N AF Ge, Cui Wang, Jun Carn, Simon Yang, Kai Ginoux, Paul Krotkov, Nickolay TI Satellite-based global volcanic SO2 emissions and sulfate direct radiative forcing during 2005-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE OMI SO2; volcanic sulfate aerosols; direct radiative forcing; injection height; volcanic emission inventory; volcanic degassing ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SIERRA-NEGRA VOLCANO; 2005 ERUPTION; EAST-ASIA; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; OMI; CLOUDS; MODEL AB An 8year volcanic SO2 emission inventory for 2005-2012 is obtained based on satellite measurements of SO2 from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and ancillary information from the Global Volcanism Program. It includes contributions from global volcanic eruptions and from eight persistently degassing volcanoes in the tropics. It shows significant differences in the estimate of SO2 amount and injection height for medium to large volcanic eruptions as compared to the counterparts in the existing volcanic SO2 database. Emissions from Nyamuragira (DR Congo) in November 2006 and Grimsvotn (Iceland) in May 2011 that were not included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5 (IPCC) inventory are included here. Using the updated emissions, the volcanic sulfate (SO42-) distribution is simulated with the global transport model Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem. The simulated time series of sulfate aerosol optical depth (AOD) above 10km captures every eruptive volcanic sulfate perturbation with a similar magnitude to that measured by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). The 8year average contribution of eruptive SO42- to total SO42- loading above 10km is similar to 10% over most areas of the Northern Hemisphere, with a maxima of 30% in the tropics where the anthropogenic emissions are relatively smaller. The persistently degassing volcanic SO42- in the tropics barely reaches above 10km, but in the lower atmosphere it is regionally dominant (60%+ in terms of mass) over Hawaii and other oceanic areas northeast of Australia. Although the 7year average (2005-2011) of eruptive volcanic sulfate forcing of -0.10Wm(-2) in this study is comparable to that in the 2013 IPCC report (-0.09Wm(-2)), significant discrepancies exist for each year. Our simulations also imply that the radiative forcing per unit AOD for volcanic eruptions can vary from -40 to -80Wm(-2), much higher than the -25Wm(-2) implied in the IPCC calculations. In terms of sulfate forcing efficiency with respect to SO2 emission, eruptive volcanic sulfate is 5 times larger than anthropogenic sulfate. The sulfate forcing efficiency from degassing volcanic sources is close to that of anthropogenic sources. This study highlights the importance of characterizing both volcanic emission amount and injection altitude as well as the key role of satellite observations in maintaining accurate volcanic emissions inventories. C1 [Ge, Cui; Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Carn, Simon] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Yang, Kai] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ginoux, Paul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Krotkov, Nickolay] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU NASA [NNX10AG60G] FX Levi Boggs and Frances Wiles are acknowledged for their work on collecting the volcano injection altitudes data. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, Thomas Diehl, Tom Simkin, and Lee Siebert for providing AeroCom volcano emission data. We appreciate Brendam McCormick and two other reviewers for their constructive comments. The authors thank the Holland Computing Center of University of Nebraska-Lincoln, its director David Swanson, and his staff Adam Caprez and Jingchao Zhang for their helpful efforts with modeling work. The GEOS-Chem developers and support team in Harvard University are acknowledged for their help. This work is supported by NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (NNX10AG60G) managed by Richard S. Eckman, NASA Atmospheric Composition program, and Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal B. Maring. Data shown in the paper can be obtained from the corresponding author through e-mail (jwang7@unl.edu), and part of the emission data can be obtained from ftp://measures.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/SO2/MSVOLSO2L4.1/MSVOLSO2L4_v01-0 0-2014m1002.txt. NR 102 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3446 EP 3464 DI 10.1002/2015JD023134 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7QG UT WOS:000375120200023 ER PT J AU Kumjian, MR Mishra, S Giangrande, SE Toto, T Ryzhkov, AV Bansemer, A AF Kumjian, Matthew R. Mishra, Subashree Giangrande, Scott E. Toto, Tami Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Bansemer, Aaron TI Polarimetric radar and aircraft observations of saggy bright bands during MC3E SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radar; microphysics; precipitation ID BACKSCATTER DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; MELTING LAYER; PART I; VERTICAL VELOCITY; FALL SPEEDS; MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; EVOLUTION AB Polarimetric radar observations increasingly are used to understand cloud microphysical processes, which is critical for improving their representation in cloud and climate models. In particular, there has been recent focus on improving representations of ice collection processes (e.g., aggregation and riming), as these influence precipitation rate, heating profiles, and ultimately cloud life cycles. However, distinguishing these processes using conventional polarimetric radar observations is difficult, as they produce similar fingerprints. This necessitates improved analysis techniques and integration of complementary data sources. The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) provided such an opportunity. Quasi-vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables in two MC3E stratiform precipitation events reveal episodic melting layer sagging. Integrated analyses using scanning and vertically pointing radar and aircraft measurements reveal that saggy bright band signatures are produced when denser, faster-falling, more isometric hydrometeors (relative to adjacent times) descend into the melting layer. In one case, strong circumstantial evidence for riming is found during bright band sagging times. A bin microphysical melting layer model successfully reproduces many aspects of the signature, supporting the observational analysis. If found to be a reliable indicator of riming, saggy bright bands could be a proxy for the presence of supercooled liquid water in stratiform precipitation, which may provide important information for mitigating aircraft icing risks and for constraining microphysical models. C1 [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mishra, Subashree] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Mishra, Subashree; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Giangrande, Scott E.; Toto, Tami] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bansemer, Aaron] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kumjian@psu.edu RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199; FU U.S. Department of Energy [ER65459]; NOAA/Office and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; DOE ASR [DE-SC0008648]; National Science Foundation FX Support for this work comes from grant ER65459 from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. Support for A. Ryzhkov and S. Mishra comes from NOAA/Office and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma cooperative agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Support for A. Bansemer is from DOE ASR grant DE-SC0008648. We would like to thank Mike Poellet and his research group at UND for processing and providing the in situ aircraft data. Radar data are available at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program data archive. We would also like to thank Sandra Yuter (NCSU) for helpful criticisms of our work. The comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers significantly improved the clarity and presentation of the manuscript. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3584 EP 3607 DI 10.1002/2015JD024446 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7QG UT WOS:000375120200032 ER PT J AU Vollmer, MK Muhle, J Trudinger, CM Rigby, M Montzka, SA Harth, CM Miller, BR Henne, S Krummel, PB Hall, BD Young, D Kim, J Arduini, J Wenger, A Yao, B Reimann, S O'Doherty, S Maione, M Etheridge, DM Li, SL Verdonik, DP Park, S Dutton, G Steele, LP Lunder, CR Rhee, TS Hermansen, O Schmidbauer, N Wang, RHJ Hill, M Salameh, PK Langenfelds, RL Zhou, LX Blunier, T Schwander, J Elkins, JW Butler, JH Simmonds, PG Weiss, RF Prinn, RG Fraser, PJ AF Vollmer, Martin K. Muhle, Jens Trudinger, Cathy M. Rigby, Matthew Montzka, Stephen A. Harth, Christina M. Miller, Benjamin R. Henne, Stephan Krummel, Paul B. Hall, Bradley D. Young, Dickon Kim, Jooil Arduini, Jgor Wenger, Angelina Yao, Bo Reimann, Stefan O'Doherty, Simon Maione, Michela Etheridge, David M. Li, Shanlan Verdonik, Daniel P. Park, Sunyoung Dutton, Geoff Steele, L. Paul Lunder, Chris R. Rhee, Tae Siek Hermansen, Ove Schmidbauer, Norbert Wang, Ray H. J. Hill, Matthias Salameh, Peter K. Langenfelds, Ray L. Zhou, Lingxi Blunier, Thomas Schwander, Jakob Elkins, James W. Butler, James H. Simmonds, Peter G. Weiss, Ray F. Prinn, Ronald G. Fraser, Paul J. TI Atmospheric histories and global emissions of halons H-1211 (CBrClF2), H-1301 (CBrF3), and H-2402 (CBrF2CBrF2) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE halons; ozone depletion; bromine ID OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIALS; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; POLAR FIRN AIR; WARMING POTENTIALS; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; TRENDS; GASES; HALOCARBONS; GROWTH AB We report ground-based atmospheric measurements and emission estimates for the halons H-1211 (CBrClF2), H-1301 (CBrF3), and H-2402 (CBrF2CBrF2) from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration global networks. We also include results from archived air samples in canisters and from polar firn in both hemispheres, thereby deriving an atmospheric record of nearly nine decades (1930s to present). All three halons were absent from the atmosphere until approximate to 1970, when their atmospheric burdens started to increase rapidly. In recent years H-1211 and H-2402 mole fractions have been declining, but H-1301 has continued to grow. High-frequency observations show continuing emissions of H-1211 and H-1301 near most AGAGE sites. For H-2402 the only emissions detected were derived from the region surrounding the Sea of Japan/East Sea. Based on our observations, we derive global emissions using two different inversion approaches. Emissions for H-1211 declined from a peak of 11ktyr(-1) (late 1990s) to 3.9ktyr(-1) at the end of our record (mean of 2013-2015), for H-1301 from 5.4ktyr(-1) (late 1980s) to 1.6ktyr(-1), and for H-2402 from 1.8ktyr(-1) (late 1980s) to 0.38ktyr(-1). Yearly summed halon emissions have decreased substantially; nevertheless, since 2000 they have accounted for approximate to 30% of the emissions of all major anthropogenic ozone depletion substances, when weighted by ozone depletion potentials. C1 [Vollmer, Martin K.; Henne, Stephan; Reimann, Stefan; Hill, Matthias] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Muhle, Jens; Harth, Christina M.; Kim, Jooil; Salameh, Peter K.; Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trudinger, Cathy M.; Krummel, Paul B.; Etheridge, David M.; Steele, L. Paul; Langenfelds, Ray L.; Fraser, Paul J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Rigby, Matthew; Young, Dickon; Wenger, Angelina; O'Doherty, Simon; Simmonds, Peter G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, Benjamin R.; Hall, Bradley D.; Dutton, Geoff; Elkins, James W.; Butler, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, Benjamin R.; Dutton, Geoff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Arduini, Jgor; Maione, Michela] Univ Urbino, Dept Pure & Appl Sci, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Arduini, Jgor; Maione, Michela] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Yao, Bo] China Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Observat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Shanlan; Park, Sunyoung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Verdonik, Daniel P.] JENSEN HUGHES, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lunder, Chris R.; Hermansen, Ove; Schmidbauer, Norbert] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Rhee, Tae Siek] KIOST, Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Wang, Ray H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zhou, Lingxi] China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Blunier, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schwander, Jakob] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Schwander, Jakob] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Prinn, Ronald G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Vollmer, MK (reprint author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM martin.vollmer@empa.ch RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Henne, Stephan/A-3467-2009; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Trudinger, Cathy/A-2532-2008 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Trudinger, Cathy/0000-0002-4844-2153 FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) [NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G, NNX07AE87G, NNX07AF09G, NNX11AF15G, NNX11AF16G]; Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA01081]; Swiss National Program HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN); International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG); Norwegian Environment Agency; National Research Council of Italy; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; InGOS (Integrated Non-CO2 Greenhouse gas Observing System, European FP-7 Infrastructure project) [284274]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2014-6020]; CAMS Fundamental Research Funds [2014Y005]; Korean Polar Research Programs [PE13410, PP16102]; Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP), an Australian Government Initiative; FNRS-CFB in Belgium; FWO in Belgium; NRCan/GSC in Canada; CAS in China; FIST in Denmark; IPEV in France; CNRS/INSU in France; CEA in France; ANR in France; AWI in Germany; RannIs in Iceland; NIPR in Japan; KOPRI in Korea; NWO/ALW in Netherlands; VR in Sweden; SNF in Switzerland; NERC in United Kingdom; U.S. NSF in U.S.; Office of Polar Programs in U.S.; CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/1021365/1] FX We acknowledge the station personnel at all stations for their continuous support in conducting in situ measurements and flask sampling activities, the many providers of flask samples composing the archived air sample data set of the Northern Hemisphere, and David Catchpole for clarification on the HTOC activities and reports. The operation of the AGAGE instruments at Mace Head, Trinidad Head, Cape Matatula, Ragged Point, and Cape Grim is supported by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) (grants NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, and NNX11AF17G to MIT and grants NNX07AE87G, NNX07AF09G, NNX11AF15G, and NNX11AF16G to SIO), the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) contract GA01081 to the University of Bristol, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO Australia) and Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). NOAA measurements of halons are supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program and benefit from C. Siso for the technical assistance in analyzing NOAA flasks. Financial support for the measurements at the other sites is provided for Jungfraujoch by the Swiss National Program HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment, FOEN) and by the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG), for Zeppelin by the Norwegian Environment Agency, and for Monte Cimone by the National Research Council of Italy and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, through the Project of National Interest Nextdata. Activities at Mace Head (Bristol University), Jungfraujoch (Empa), Monte Cimone (University of Urbino), and Zeppelin (NILU) are also supported through InGOS (Integrated Non-CO2 Greenhouse gas Observing System, European FP-7 Infrastructure project grant agreement 284274). Observations at Gosan were supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2014-6020. Support for Shangdianzi observations comes from the Key Project Natural Science Foundation of China (41030107), the CMA Fundation for Climate Change Research (CCSF201331), and the CAMS Fundamental Research Funds (2014Y005). Support for King Sejong flask samples comes from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research and Innovation (SERI), the National Research Foundation of Korea for the Korean-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation Program, and the Korean Polar Research ProgramsPE13410 and PP16102. CSIRO's contribution was supported in part by the Australian Climate Change Science Program (ACCSP), an Australian Government Initiative. Australian firn activities in the Antarctic are specifically supported by the Australian Antarctic Science Program. We acknowledge the members of the firn air sampling teams for provision of the samples from Law Dome, NEEM, and South Pole. NEEM is directed and organized by the Center of Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute and US NSF, Office of Polar Programs. It is supported by funding agencies and institutions in Belgium (FNRS-CFB and FWO), Canada (NRCan/GSC), China (CAS), Denmark (FIST), France (IPEV, CNRS/INSU, CEA, and ANR), Germany (AWI), Iceland (RannIs), Japan (NIPR), Korea (KOPRI), the Netherlands (NWO/ALW), Sweden (VR), Switzerland (SNF), United Kingdom (NERC), and the U.S. (U.S. NSF, Office of Polar Programs). M.K.V. acknowledges a CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Distinguished Visiting Scientist grant to CSIRO Aspendale for firn air measurements. M.R.; is supported by Advanced Research Fellowships from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, NE/1021365/1). Data used in this study are available from the supporting information, from https://agage.mit.edu/, and from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3663 EP 3686 DI 10.1002/2015JD024488 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7QG UT WOS:000375120200037 ER PT J AU Ott, LE Duncan, BN Thompson, AM Diskin, G Fasnacht, Z Langford, AO Lin, MY Molod, AM Nielsen, JE Pusede, SE Wargan, K Weinheimer, AJ Yoshida, Y AF Ott, Lesley E. Duncan, Bryan N. Thompson, Anne M. Diskin, Glenn Fasnacht, Zachary Langford, Andrew O. Lin, Meiyun Molod, Andrea M. Nielsen, J. Eric Pusede, Sally E. Wargan, Krzysztof Weinheimer, Andrew J. Yoshida, Yasuko TI Frequency and impact of summertime stratospheric intrusions over Maryland during DISCOVER-AQ (2011): New evidence from NASA's GEOS-5 simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; stratospheric intrusion; air quality ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; BACKGROUND OZONE; TROPOPAUSE FOLDS; UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE AIR AB Aircraft observations and ozonesonde profiles collected on 14 and 27 July 2011, during the Maryland month-long Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign, indicate the presence of stratospheric air just above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This raises the question of whether summer stratospheric intrusions (SIs) elevate surface ozone levels and to what degree they influence background ozone levels and contribute to ozone production. We used idealized stratospheric air tracers, along with observations, to determine the frequency and extent of SIs in Maryland during July 2011. On 4 of 14 flight days, SIs were detected in layers that the aircraft encountered above the PBL from the coincidence of enhanced ozone, moderate CO, and low moisture. Satellite observations of lower tropospheric humidity confirmed the occurrence of synoptic-scale influence of SIs as do simulations with the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model. The evolution of GEOS-5 stratospheric air tracers agrees with the timing and location of observed stratospheric influence and indicates that more than 50% of air in SI layers above the PBL had resided in the stratosphere within the previous 14days. Despite having a strong influence in the lower free troposphere, these events did not significantly affect surface ozone, which remained low on intrusion days. The model indicates similar frequencies of stratospheric influence during all summers from 2009 to 2013. GEOS-5 results suggest that over Maryland, the strong inversion capping the summer PBL limits downward mixing of stratospheric air during much of the day, helping to preserve low surface ozone associated with frontal passages that precede SIs. C1 [Ott, Lesley E.; Duncan, Bryan N.; Thompson, Anne M.; Molod, Andrea M.; Nielsen, J. Eric; Wargan, Krzysztof; Yoshida, Yasuko] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fasnacht, Zachary] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Langford, Andrew O.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Molod, Andrea M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nielsen, J. Eric; Wargan, Krzysztof; Yoshida, Yasuko] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Pusede, Sally E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ott, LE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM lesley.e.ott@nasa.gov RI Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Wargan, Krzysztof/0000-0002-3795-2983; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 FU NASA's Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling program; NASA's DISCOVER-AQ campaign FX This work was supported by funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling program and NASA's DISCOVER-AQ campaign. MERRA and MERRA-2 data have been provided by the GMAO at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. AIRS data are also available through the GES DISC. DISCOVER-AQ aircraft and ozonesonde observations were provided by NASA's Langley Research Center at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/discover-aq/discover-aq.html. GEOS-5 stratospheric tracer simulations will be provided upon request. NR 78 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3687 EP 3706 DI 10.1002/2015JD024052 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7QG UT WOS:000375120200038 ER PT J AU Zhu, JM Vaghefi, SA Jafari, MA Lu, Y Ghofrani, A AF Zhu, Jianmin Vaghefi, Seyed A. Jafari, Mohsen A. Lu, Yan Ghofrani, Ali TI Managing demand uncertainty with cost-for-deviation retail pricing SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Electricity retailing; Demand side management; Transactive energy; Demand uncertainty; Model-predictive control ID VALUE-AT-RISK; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; STOCHASTIC PROGRAMS; ELECTRICITY MARKETS; SELLING PRICE; BUILDINGS; MODEL; STRATEGIES; CUSTOMERS; SYSTEMS AB The current rate structures for the electricity retailing exposes utility providers to the full wholesale market risks, and fail to incentivize end-use customers to better estimate and track their loads. In this paper, we propose a Cost-for-Deviation (CfD) retail-pricing scheme, which is designed to minimize the demand uncertainty of individual customers or communities. We formulate day-ahead planning and real-time tracking optimization problems for individual buildings. We also formulate CfD pricing scheme for community of two buildings and devise a collaboration scheme by which the two buildings negotiate. Both centralized and distributed negotiation mechanisms are presented, and the significance of adopting a transaction cost for fair-trading is discussed. A series of experiments demonstrate that CfD pricing is able to reduce demand uncertainty in a building or a community. Hence, a community's cost of hedging quantity risk in the real-time market also reduces. Our conjecture is that by the virtue of end users being in a position to closely monitor their daily loads and by paying fines for not adhering to their plans would ultimately benefit energy efficiency and will reduce infrastructure costs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Jianmin] Liberty Mutual Insurance, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Vaghefi, Seyed A.; Jafari, Mohsen A.; Ghofrani, Ali] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08904 USA. [Lu, Yan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ghofrani, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08904 USA. EM a.ghofrani1@gmail.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 118 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.025 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DJ7CM UT WOS:000374369500005 ER PT J AU Stout, SA Payne, JR Emsbo-Mattingly, SD Baker, G AF Stout, Scott A. Payne, James R. Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D. Baker, Gregory TI Weathering of field-collected floating and stranded Macondo oils during and shortly after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE Oil spill; Weathering; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers; Photo-oxidation ID CRUDE-OIL; BIODEGRADATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; DEGRADATION; PETROLEUM; TOXICITY; PRODUCTS; BIOMARKERS; STABILITY; ROLES AB Chemical analysis of large populations of floating (n = 62) and stranded (n = 1174) Macondo oils collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico sea surface and shorelines during or within seven weeks of the end of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill demonstrates the range, rates, and processes affecting surface oil weathering. Oil collected immediately upon reaching the sea surface had already lost most mass below n-C-8 from dissolution of soluble aliphatics, monoaromatics, and naphthalenes during the oil's ascent with further reductions extending up to n-C-13 due to the onset of evaporation. With additional time, weathering of the floating and stranded oils advanced with total PAH (TPAH(50)) depletions averaging 69 +/- 23% for floating oils and 94 +/- 3% for stranded oils caused by the combined effects of evaporation, dissolution, and photo-oxidation, the latter of which also reduced triaromatic steroid biomarkers. Biodegradation was not evident among the coalesced floating oils studied, but had commenced in some stranded oils. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stout, Scott A.; Emsbo-Mattingly, Stephen D.] NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood Pl,Suite 305, Rockland, MA USA. [Payne, James R.] Payne Environm Consultants Inc, 1651 Linda Sue Lane, Encinitas, CA USA. [Baker, Gregory] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Stout, SA (reprint author), NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood Pl,Suite 305, Rockland, MA USA. EM sstout@newfields.com FU NOAA through Industrial Economics, Corp. (Cambridge, MA) as part of the NRDA process FX This study was conducted within the Deepwater Horizon NRDA investigation, which was cooperatively conducted by NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. The scientific results and conclusion of this publication, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors only. The authors declare no competing financial interest in the publication of this study. Funding for the study was provided by NOAA through Industrial Economics, Corp. (Cambridge, MA) as part of the NRDA process. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 18 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 105 IS 1 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.044 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL7JC UT WOS:000375816000014 PM 26936118 ER PT J AU Melvin, AT Thibodeaux, LJ Parsons, AR Overton, E Valsaraj, KT Nandakumar, K AF Melvin, A. T. Thibodeaux, L. J. Parsons, A. R. Overton, E. Valsaraj, K. T. Nandakumar, K. TI Oil-material fractionation in Gulf deep water horizontal intrusion layer: Field data analysis with chemodynamic fate model for Macondo 252 oil spill SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Deepwater horizon; Oil-material trapping layer; Chemodynamics; Sub-surface plume; Far field modeling ID DROPLET SIZE; OF-MEXICO; WELL BLOWOUT; GAS; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; PYCNOCLINE; DIFFUSION; PLUMES AB Among the discoveries of the Deepwater Horizon blowout was the so-called "sub-surface plume"; herein termed the "oil-trapping layer". Hydrocarbons were found positioned at similar to 1100-1300 m with thickness similar to 100-150 m and moving horizontally to the SW in a vertically stratified layer at the junction of the cold abyssal water and the permanent thermocline. This study focuses on its formation process and fate of the hydrocarbons within. The originality of this work to the field is two-fold, first it provides a conceptual framework which places layer origin in the context of a horizontal "intrusion" from the near-field, vertical, blow-out plume and second, it offers a theoretical model for the hydrocarbon chemicals within the horizontal layer as it moves far-afield. The model quantifies the oil-material fractionation process for the soluble and fine particle. The classical Box model, retrofitted with an internal gradient, the "G-Box", allows an approach that includes turbulent-eddy diffusion coupled with droplet rise velocity and reactive decay to produce a simple, explicit, transparent, algebraic model with few parameters for the fate of the individual fractions. Computations show the soluble and smallest liquid droplets moving very slowly vertically through the layer appearing within the trapping layer at low concentration with high persistence. The larger droplets move-through this trapping zone quickly, attain high concentrations, and eventually form the sea surface slick. It impacts the field of oil spill engineering science by providing the conceptual idea and the algorithms for projecting the quantities and fractions of oil-material in a deep water, horizontal marine current being dispersed and moving far afield. In the field of oil spill modeling this work extends the current generation near-field plume source models to the far-field. The theory portrays the layer as an efficient oil material trap. The model-forecasted concentration profiles for alkanes and aromatics against the available field data support the proposed theory and the resulting model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Melvin, A. T.; Thibodeaux, L. J.; Valsaraj, K. T.; Nandakumar, K.] Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Overton, E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Parsons, A. R.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Thibodeaux, LJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM thibod@lsu.edu RI Nandakumar, K/C-9995-2011; Valsaraj, Kalliat/B-6451-2008 OI Nandakumar, K/0000-0003-0795-9284; Valsaraj, Kalliat/0000-0003-0251-1739 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 105 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.043 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL7JC UT WOS:000375816000027 PM 26947926 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AD Dickhut, RM Dockum, BW Brill, RW Farrington, C AF Deshpande, Ashok D. Dickhut, Rebecca M. Dockum, Bruce W. Brill, Richard W. Farrington, Cameron TI Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides as intrinsic tracer tags of foraging grounds of bluefin tuna in the northwest Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; PCB fingerprints; Trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio; Metapopulation ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FATTY-ACID; NEWARK BAY; ECOLOGY; MUSCLE; GULF; FISH AB Researchers have utilized chemical fingerprints in the determination of habitat utilization and movements of the aquatic animals. In the present effort, we analyzed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and organochlorine pesticides in the samples of juvenile bluefin tuna caught offshore of Virginia, and in larger bluefin tuna from the Gulf of Maine and near Nova Scotia. For a given specimen, or a given location, PCB concentrations were highest, followed by DDTs, and chlordanes. Average contaminant concentrations from fish captured from the three locations were not significantly different; and PCBs, DDTs, and chlordanes correlated well with each other. Trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratios in bluefin tuna of eastern Atlantic (i.e., Mediterranean) origin are low compared to the corresponding ratios in fish in the western Atlantic. As the former migrate to the western Atlantic, these ratios gradually turnover due to the accumulation of biomass from forage contaminated with higher trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio reflecting dissimilar use of chlordane pesticides on two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio indicated that one juvenile bluefin tuna from offshore of Virginia and one large bluefin tuna from Gulf of Maine in the present study originated from foraging grounds in the Mediterranean Sea, and that they have made the trans-Atlantic migrations. The remaining individuals were determined to be either spawned in the Gulf of Mexico or the trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio for the putative Mediterranean bluefin tuna was completely turned over to resemble the ratio characteristic to the western Atlantic. Based on the turnover time for trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio previously determined, the residence time of juvenile bluefin tuna offshore Virginia was estimated to be at least 0.8 to 1.6 years. A discriminant function analysis (DFA) plot of total PCB normalized signatures of PCB congeners showed three separate clusters, which suggested that bluefin tuna from offshore Virginia, Gulf of Maine, and Nova Scotia could have had extended residences and foraging within the areas of capture to be able to sustain the stable signatures of PCB congeners. The DFA cluster results supported the concept of metapopulation theory of spatial ecology comprising discrete aggregates of local populations of bluefin tuna where the desired prey species are likely to be abundant. Despite their highly migratory trait and endothermic advantage of foraging in broader and colder habitats, the movements and mixing across the aggregation ranges related to feeding did not appear to be extensive. Advancement in the understanding of bluefin tuna population dynamics beyond the coarse concept of trans-Atlantic migrations to the metapopulation hypothesis provides a novel exploratory tool in the stock assessment and resource management. As the chemical tracer tags are fortified naturally and document the time- and space-integrated foraging history, they promise to serve as the low-cost alternatives to the high-cost electronic data recording tags employed for addressing the migratory movements of bluefin tuna. Between the different potential chemical tracer tags, a distinct advantage of PCB/pesticide analysis over the otolith micro-constituent analysis is that the muscle tissue of a given individual bluefin tuna can be sampled repeatedly for PCB/pesticide analysis over different spatial and temporal scales in a non-lethal manner. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Dockum, Bruce W.; Brill, Richard W.; Farrington, Cameron] NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Dickhut, Rebecca M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Deshpande, AD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM ashok.deshpande@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA04NMF4550391]; NOAA/UNH-LPRC FX The authors are thankful to Molly Lutcavage and John Logan at University of New Hampshire's Large Pelagic Research Center (UNH-LPRC) for providing the samples of bluefin tuna from Gulf of Maine and Nova Scotia. We thank David Richardson, Robert Pikanowski, and Nathaniel Newlands for the critical reviews of the manuscript. We also thank the two unknown reviewers of the Marine Pollution Bulletin for their critical reviews and excellent feedback. The study was partly funded by a grant from NOAA/UNH-LPRC to the Virginia Institute of Marine Science entitled "PCBs as novel tracers for determining Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population mixing in the North Atlantic", which was coauthored by Rebecca M. Dickhut (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) and Ashok D. Deshpande (NOAA) (a sub-award under the grant number NA04NMF4550391 from NOAA to UNH-LPRC). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 105 IS 1 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL7JC UT WOS:000375816000044 PM 26895594 ER PT J AU Disseler, SM Lynn, JW Jardim, RF Torikachvili, MS Granado, E AF Disseler, S. M. Lynn, J. W. Jardim, R. F. Torikachvili, M. S. Granado, E. TI Spin dynamics and two-dimensional correlations in the fcc antiferromagnetic Sr2YRuO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE PEROVSKITE SR2YRUO6; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL; DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON AB The face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattice of Ru5+ spins in the double perovskite Sr2YRuO6 shows a delicate, three-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state composed of stacked square AFM layers. Inelastic neutron scattering data taken on this state reveal a gapped low-energy excitation band emerging from [001] with spin excitations extending to 8meV. These magnetic excitations are modeled by a simple J(1)-J(2) interaction scheme allowing quantitative comparisons with similar materials. At higher temperatures, the low-energy excitation spectrum is dominated by a quasielastic component associated with size fluctuations of two-dimensional AFM clusters that exhibit asymmetric correlations even at low temperatures. Thus, the fcc lattice in general and the double-perovskite structure in particular emerge as hosts of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamics resulting from frustration. C1 [Disseler, S. M.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jardim, R. F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Torikachvili, M. S.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Granado, E.] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Phys Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Disseler, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012; FAPESP, CDMF/J-3591-2015 OI Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257; FU FAPESP [2012/04870-7, 2013/07296-2, 2014/19245-6]; CNPq, Brazil; NSF, USA [DMR-0805335] FX This work was supported in part by FAPESP Grants No. 2012/04870-7, 2013/07296-2 and No. 2014/19245-6 and CNPq, Brazil, and NSF Grant No. DMR-0805335, USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 14 AR 140407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.140407 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DJ6CW UT WOS:000374298600001 ER PT J AU Xu, MH Jager, SB Schutz, S Cooper, J Morigi, G Holland, MJ AF Xu, Minghui Jaeger, Simon B. Schuetz, S. Cooper, J. Morigi, Giovanna Holland, M. J. TI Supercooling of Atoms in an Optical Resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; GASES; LIGHT AB We investigate laser cooling of an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. We demonstrate that when atomic dipoles are synchronized in the regime of steady-state superradiance, the motion of the atoms may be subject to a giant frictional force leading to potentially very low temperatures. The ultimate temperature limits are determined by a modified atomic linewidth, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than the cavity linewidth. The cooling rate is enhanced by the superradiant emission into the cavity mode allowing reasonable cooling rates even for dipolar transitions with ultranarrow linewidth. C1 [Xu, Minghui; Cooper, J.; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xu, Minghui; Cooper, J.; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xu, Minghui; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jaeger, Simon B.; Schuetz, S.; Morigi, Giovanna] Univ Saarland, Theoret Phys, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Xu, Minghui/D-4701-2017 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NSF [AMO-1404263, PFC-1125844, QIS-1521080]; NIST; German Research Foundation (DACH project "Quantum crystals of matter and light"); German Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Q.Com) FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with A. M. Rey, J. Ye, and J. K. Thompson. This work has been supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, the NSF (Grants No. AMO-1404263, No. PFC-1125844, and No. QIS-1521080), NIST, the German Research Foundation (DACH project "Quantum crystals of matter and light"), and the German Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Q.Com). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 15 AR 153002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.153002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DJ6BN UT WOS:000374295100005 PM 27127966 ER PT J AU Ona-Ruales, JO Ruiz-Morales, Y Wise, SA AF Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara Wise, Stephen A. TI Identification and quantification of seven fused aromatic rings C26H14 pen-condensed benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Coal tar; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Normal-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (NPLC/IJV-vis); Gas chromatography with mass; spectrometry (GC/MS); Annellation theory; ZINDO/S calculations ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; Y-RULE; DIESEL PARTICULATE; PYROLYSIS; PRODUCTS; PAHS AB A methodology for the characterization of groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a combination of normal phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet -visible spectroscopy (NPLC/UV-vis) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for the identification and quantification of seven fused aromatic rings C26H14 peri-condensed benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in standard reference material (SRM) 1597a, complex mixture of PAHs from coal tar. The NPLC/UV-vis isolated the fractions based on the number of aromatic carbons and the GC/MS allowed the identification and quantification of five of the nine C26H14 PAH isomers; naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene, dibenzo[b,ghi]perylene, dibenzo[b,pqr]perylene, naphtho[8,1,2-bcd]perylene, and dibenzo[cd,/m]perylene using a retention time comparison with authentic reference standards. For the other four benzenoid isomers with no available reference standards the following two approaches were used. First, the annellation theory was used to achieve the potential identification of benzo[qr]naphtho[3,2,1,8-defg]chrysene, and second, the elution distribution in the GC fractions was used to support the potential identification of benzo[qdnaphtho[3,2,1,8-defg]chrysene and to reach the tentative identifications of dibenzo[a,ghi]perylene, naphtho[7,8,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene, and anthra[2,1,9,8opqra]naphthacene. It is the first time that naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene, dibenzo[b,ghi]perylene, dibenzo[b,pqr]perylene, naphtho[8,1,2-bcd]perylene, and dibenzo[cd,lm]perylene are quantified, and the first time that benzo[qr]naphtho[3,2,1,8-defg]chrysene is potentially identified, in any sample, in any context. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruiz-Morales, Yosadara] Inst Mexicano Petr, Eje Cent Lazaro Cardenas Norte 152, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. RP Ona-Ruales, JO (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jorge.ona-ruales@nist.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 1442 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.082 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DJ3CT UT WOS:000374083100010 PM 26976350 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, TD Heron, SF Ortiz, JC Mumby, PJ Grech, A Ogawa, D Eakin, CM Leggat, W AF Ainsworth, Tracy D. Heron, Scott F. Ortiz, Juan Carlos Mumby, Peter J. Grech, Alana Ogawa, Daisie Eakin, C. Mark Leggat, William TI Climate change disables coral bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS; PROJECTIONS; RESISTANCE; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES AB Coral bleaching events threaten the sustainability of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Here we show that bleaching events of the past three decades have been mitigated by induced thermal tolerance of reef-building corals, and this protective mechanism is likely to be lost under near-future climate change scenarios. We show that 75% of past thermal stress events have been characterized by a temperature trajectory that subjects corals to a protective, sub-bleaching stress, before reaching temperatures that cause bleaching. Such conditions confer thermal tolerance, decreasing coral cell mortality and symbiont loss during bleaching by over 50%. We find that near-future increases in local temperature of as little as 0.5 degrees C result in this protective mechanism being lost, which may increase the rate of degradation of the GBR. C1 [Ainsworth, Tracy D.; Ogawa, Daisie; Leggat, William] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ortiz, Juan Carlos; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ortiz, Juan Carlos; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Grech, Alana] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Ogawa, Daisie; Leggat, William] James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Ainsworth, TD (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. EM tracy.ainsworth@jcu.edu.au RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; AINSWORTH, TRACY/L-7309-2016; OI AINSWORTH, TRACY/0000-0001-6476-9263; Leggat, William/0000-0003-4148-2555; Grech, Alana/0000-0003-4117-3779 FU Australian Research Council Discovery Program [DP130101421]; Australian Research Council Super Science Program [FS110200046]; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies [CE0561435]; Great Barrier Reef Foundation (Coral Health Grant); NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; FigShare project [12040] FX The authors thank the following funding bodies: Australian Research Council Discovery Program grant DP130101421 (awarded to W.L. and T.D.A.); Australian Research Council Super Science Program grant FS110200046 (awarded to Terry P. Hughes, Director, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies grant CE0561435; the Great Barrier Reef Foundation (Coral Health Grant); the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The authors thank N. Wolff for providing SST projections and help in analysis of ecosystem model components and M. De Freitas Prazeres for cell counts. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. T.D.A., S.F.H., J.C.O., and W.L. designed the study. T.D.A., D.O., and W.L. conducted experimental procedures and physiological analyses. S.F.H. and C.M.E. conducted SST and oceanographic analyses. J.C.O. and P.J.M. conducted predictive modeling and model validation. T.D.A., S.F.H., J.C.O., P.J.M., A.G., C.M.E., and W.L. wrote and finalized the manuscript. Code for the analysis of SST data is available through contact and collaboration with S. Heron (scott.heron@noaa.gov). Code for the ecosystem model is available through contact and collaboration with J.-C. Ortiz (j.ortiz@uq.edu.au). The NOAA data and code are available from a dedicated web page: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/publications/AinsworthEtAl_2016.php. All data and code are available at FigShare project number 12040: Ecosystems model code and scripts (DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.3081127); Bleaching on the GBR data release (DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.3081127); Physiology and gene expression data (DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.3081064). D.O. is currently employed by Boehringer Ingelheim, Fremont, CA. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 97 U2 233 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6283 BP 338 EP 342 DI 10.1126/science.aac7125 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ1UK UT WOS:000373990100039 PM 27081069 ER PT J AU Yang, YB Liu, SQ Zhao, H Yang, WY Wu, R Huang, QZ Zhou, D Du, HL Wang, CS Yang, YC Xu, H Zhu, JL Gourdon, O Vogel, S Yang, JB AF Yang, Y. B. Liu, S. Q. Zhao, H. Yang, W. Y. Wu, R. Huang, Q. Z. Zhou, D. Du, H. L. Wang, C. S. Yang, Y. C. Xu, H. Zhu, J. L. Gourdon, O. Vogel, S. Yang, J. B. TI Magnetic structure and phase transition of Ni2Mn1.48Sb0.52 magnetic shape memory compound SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Neutron diffraction; Shape memory compound; Martensitic phase transition; Exchange bias effect ID MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; HEUSLER ALLOY AB A comprehensive study of the structural and magnetic properties of the Ni2Mn1.48Sb0.52 compound is presented using neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. It is found that Mn atoms on 4a and 4b sites are ferrimagnetic coupled in the austenitic phase. At 300 K, the magnetic moments of Mn (4a) and Mn (4b) are determined to be 2.72(3) mu(B) and -2.67(5) mu(B), respectively. From 260 K to 4 K, the compound is in martensite phase and the magnetic moments of Mn (2a), Mn (2f), Mn (2b), Mn (2e) at 4 K are 2.2(5) mu(B), 2.3(5) Pat -2.1(5) mu(B), and -2.6(5) mu(B), respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Y. B.; Liu, S. Q.; Zhao, H.; Yang, W. Y.; Wu, R.; Zhou, D.; Du, H. L.; Wang, C. S.; Yang, Y. C.; Yang, J. B.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yang, J. B.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Xu, H.; Zhu, J. L.; Gourdon, O.; Vogel, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, JB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jbyang@pku.edu.cn OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51371009, 50971003, 51171001]; National Basic Research Program of China (MOST of China) [2010CB833104] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51371009, 50971003 and 51171001), the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB833104, MOST of China). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 116 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.01.028 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DH1QP UT WOS:000372560300007 ER PT J AU Bokusheva, R Kogan, F Vitkovskaya, I Conradt, S Batyrbayeva, M AF Bokusheva, R. Kogan, F. Vitkovskaya, I. Conradt, S. Batyrbayeva, M. TI Satellite-based vegetation health indices as a criteria for insuring against drought-related yield losses SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite-based vegetation health index; Drought-related yield losses; Wheat; Agricultural insurance; Copula approach ID SOUTHERN AFRICA; AVHRR DATA; INSURANCE AB This paper considers the use of indices built on the basis of remote-sensing data for crop insurance purposes. In our analysis, we compare the capacity of two satellite-based vegetation health (VH) indices, the vegetation condition index (VCI) and the temperature condition index (TCI), measured for important periods of the crop vegetation to predict farmers' wheat yields in two main grain producing regions of Kazakhstan. The selected indices are used for the design of index-based insurance contracts. The dependence of wheat yields on vegetation conditions as measured by VCI and TCI, is modeled by applying the copula approach. Our empirical results for 47 grain-producing farms in the Northern Kazakhstan show that insurance contracts built on VH indices can provide substantial risk reductions for a group of farms, though on average for the whole sample, risk reductions were found to be moderate. The study results suggest that the effectiveness of insurance contracts can be improved using satellite data of higher resolutions and measuring indices at more disaggregated levels. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bokusheva, R.; Conradt, S.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Kogan, F.] Natl Space Agcy Republ Kazakhstan, Space Res Inst, Astana, Kazakhstan. [Vitkovskaya, I.; Batyrbayeva, M.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bokusheva, R (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM bokushev@ethz.ch RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X FU Swiss National Science Foundation within its Program of Scientific Co-operation between Eastern Europe and Switzerland (SCOPES) FX The authors thank financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation within its Program of Scientific Co-operation between Eastern Europe and Switzerland (SCOPES). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 15 PY 2016 VL 220 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.066 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG9EH UT WOS:000372385100019 ER PT J AU Del Buffa, S Fratini, E Ridi, F Faraone, A Baglioni, P AF Del Buffa, Stefano Fratini, Emiliano Ridi, Francesca Faraone, Antonio Baglioni, Piero TI State of Water in Hydrating Tricalcium Silicate Pastes: The Effect of a Cellulose Ether SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; C-S-H; CEMENT PASTE; CALCIUM SILICATE; POROUS-GLASS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CALORIMETRY; MOTIONS AB Time-dependent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to study water dynamics and hydration kinetic of the hydration reaction of tricalcium silicate in the presence of a methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC) additive. The translational dynamics of the water confined in the developing hydrated calcium silicate matrix was probed at the molecular scale by QENS during the first 4 days, while the evolution of the matrix porosity and the hydration kinetics were determined up to 28 days of hydration by differential scanning calorimetry. The application of the boundary nucleation and growth model consistently improved the hydration kinetics picture, usually obtained from the application of the classical Avrami-Erove'ev model, allowing the evaluation of the individual contributions of nucleation and growth. over the entire hydration process. In the presence of the cellulose ether the nature of the nucleation process is strongly modified, approaching a "spatially random" hydration mechanism. The water contained in the nanometric porosity of the hydrated calcium silicate matrix, which is fundamental for the efficiency of the hydration process, results increased when MHEC is added, leading to a delay of the onset of the hydration process and the enhancement of the efficiency of the reaction. C1 [Del Buffa, Stefano; Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Del Buffa, Stefano; Fratini, Emiliano; Ridi, Francesca; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, Via Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Baglioni, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Florence, Italy.; Baglioni, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, CSGI, Via Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM piero.baglioni@unifi.it RI Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011 OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700 FU Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MiUR); Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI) FX S.D.B., E.F., F.R., and P.B. acknowledge financial support from Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MiUR), and Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI). Authors kindly acknowledge Dr. J. M. Zanotti and R. Connatser for the help with the setup of the QENS spectrometer. Dr. J. M. Zanotti is also acknowledged for providing the data reduction routines. E.F. acknowledges Dr. I. Ciullini for the practical help during the QENS experiment. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 14 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 14 BP 7612 EP 7620 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00691 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DJ7ZJ UT WOS:000374431400019 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Buhlmann, P Allison, TC AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Buehlmann, Philippe Allison, Thomas C. TI One-dimensional ionic self-assembly in a fluorous solution: the structure of tetra-n-butylammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl]borate in perfluoromethylcyclohexane by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS; MEMBRANES; SOLVENT; SELECTIVITY; IONOPHORES; CATALYSIS; SYSTEMS AB Fluorous liquids are the least polarizable condensed phases known, and their nonpolar members form solutions with conditions the closest to being in vacuo. A soluble salt consisting of a large fluorophilic anion, tetrakis[3,5-bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl]borate, and its counterion, tetra-n-butylammonium, dissolved in perfluoromethylcyclohexane produces ionic solutions with extremely low conductivity. These solutions were subjected to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to ascertain the solute structure. At concentrations of 9% mass fraction, the fluorophilic electrolyte forms straight, long (>160 angstrom) self-assembled structures that are, in essence, long, homogeneous cylinders. Molecular models were made assuming a requirement for electroneutrality on the shortest length scale possible. This shows a structure formed from a stack of alternating anions and cations, and the structures fit the experimental scattering well. At the lower concentration of 1%, the stacks of ion pairs are shorter and eventually break up to form solitary ion pairs in the solution. These characteristics suggest such conditions provide an interesting new way to form long, self-assembling ionic nanostructures with single-molecule diameters in free solution onto which various moieties could be attached. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Buehlmann, Philippe] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Computat Informat Res Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Rubinson, KA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM Rubinson@nist.gov; buhlmann@umn.edu; thomas.allison@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 14 BP 9470 EP 9475 DI 10.1039/c6cp00393a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DI5WC UT WOS:000373570200019 PM 26980055 ER PT J AU Dubernet, ML Antony, BK Ba, YA Babikov, YL Bartschat, K Boudon, V Braams, BJ Chung, HK Daniel, F Delahaye, F Del Zanna, G de Urquijo, J Dimitrijevic, MS Domaracka, A Doronin, M Drouin, BJ Endres, CP Fazliev, AZ Gagarin, SV Gordon, IE Gratier, P Heiter, U Hill, C Jevremovic, D Joblin, C Kasprzak, A Krishnakumar, E Leto, G Loboda, PA Louge, T Maclot, S Marinkovic, BP Markwick, A Marquart, T Mason, HE Mason, NJ Mendoza, C Mihajlov, AA Millar, TJ Moreau, N Mulas, G Pakhomov, Y Palmeri, P Pancheshnyi, S Perevalov, VI Piskunov, N Postler, J Quinet, P Quintas-Sanchez, E Ralchenko, Y Rhee, YJ Rixon, G Rothman, LS Roueff, E Ryabchikova, T Sahal-Brechot, S Scheier, P Schlemmer, S Schmitt, B Stempels, E Tashkun, S Tennyson, J Tyuterev, VG Vujcic, V Wakelam, V Walton, NA Zatsarinny, O Zeippen, CJ Zwolf, CM AF Dubernet, M. L. Antony, B. K. Ba, Y. A. Babikov, Yu L. Bartschat, K. Boudon, V. Braams, B. J. Chung, H-K Daniel, F. Delahaye, F. Del Zanna, G. de Urquijo, J. Dimitrijevic, M. S. Domaracka, A. Doronin, M. Drouin, B. J. Endres, C. P. Fazliev, A. Z. Gagarin, S. V. Gordon, I. E. Gratier, P. Heiter, U. Hill, C. Jevremovic, D. Joblin, C. Kasprzak, A. Krishnakumar, E. Leto, G. Loboda, P. A. Louge, T. Maclot, S. Marinkovic, B. P. Markwick, A. Marquart, T. Mason, H. E. Mason, N. J. Mendoza, C. Mihajlov, A. A. Millar, T. J. Moreau, N. Mulas, G. Pakhomov, Yu Palmeri, P. Pancheshnyi, S. Perevalov, V. I. Piskunov, N. Postler, J. Quinet, P. Quintas-Sanchez, E. Ralchenko, Yu Rhee, Y-J Rixon, G. Rothman, L. S. Roueff, E. Ryabchikova, T. Sahal-Brechot, S. Scheier, P. Schlemmer, S. Schmitt, B. Stempels, E. Tashkun, S. Tennyson, J. Tyuterev, Vl G. Vujcic, V. Wakelam, V. Walton, N. A. Zatsarinny, O. Zeippen, C. J. Zwoelf, C. M. TI The virtual atomic and molecular data centre (VAMDC) consortium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE databases; atoms; molecules; spectroscopy; kinetic data; astrophysics ID LOW-ENERGY-ELECTRON; LINE-DATA-BASE; IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS RELEVANT; STIMULATED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; R-MATRIX METHOD; CW-CAVITY RING; ION IRRADIATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONAL DATABASE AB The Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) Consortium is a worldwide consortium which federates atomic and molecular databases through an e-science infrastructure and an organisation to support this activity. About 90% of the inter-connected databases handle data that are used for the interpretation of astronomical spectra and for modelling in many fields of astrophysics. Recently the VAMDC Consortium has connected databases from the radiation damage and the plasma communities, as well as promoting the publication of data from Indian institutes. This paper describes how the VAMDC Consortium is organised for the optimal distribution of atomic and molecular data for scientific research. It is noted that the VAMDC Consortium strongly advocates that authors of research papers using data cite the original experimental and theoretical papers as well as the relevant databases. C1 [Dubernet, M. L.; Ba, Y. A.; Delahaye, F.; Dimitrijevic, M. S.; Doronin, M.; Moreau, N.; Quintas-Sanchez, E.; Roueff, E.; Sahal-Brechot, S.; Zeippen, C. J.; Zwoelf, C. M.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, CNRS, LERMA,Observ Paris,PSL Res Univ, 5 Pl Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Antony, B. K.] Indian Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, Dhanbad 826004, Bihar, India. [Babikov, Yu L.; Fazliev, A. Z.; Perevalov, V. I.; Tashkun, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Zuev Sq 1, Tomsk 634021, Russia. [Babikov, Yu L.] Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Bartschat, K.; Zatsarinny, O.] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Boudon, V.] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, CNRS, UMR 6303, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, 9 Ave Alain Savary,BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Braams, B. J.; Chung, H-K] IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, Div Phys & Chem Sci, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Daniel, F.; Schmitt, B.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.] Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [de Urquijo, J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, POB 48-3, Cuernavaca 62251, Morelos, Mexico. [Dimitrijevic, M. S.; Jevremovic, D.; Vujcic, V.] Astron Observ, Volgina 7, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. [Domaracka, A.; Maclot, S.] UCN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, CIMAP,UMR 6252,CEA, Bd Henri Becquerel,BP 5133, F-14070 Caen 5, France. [Drouin, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Endres, C. P.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gagarin, S. V.; Loboda, P. A.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr All Russian Inst Tech Phys R, Snezhinsk, Russia. [Gordon, I. E.; Rothman, L. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, MS50,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gratier, P.; Wakelam, V.] Univ Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Florac, France. [Gratier, P.; Wakelam, V.] CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Florac, France. [Heiter, U.; Marquart, T.; Piskunov, N.; Stempels, E.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hill, C.; Tennyson, J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Joblin, C.; Louge, T.; Mulas, G.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Kasprzak, A.] Observ Paris, SRCV, 61 Av Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France. [Krishnakumar, E.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Nucl & Atom Phys, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Leto, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Loboda, P. A.] Natl Res Nucl Univ, Moscow Engn Phys Inst MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. [Maclot, S.] Univ Caen Normandie, Esplanade Paix, CS 14032, F-14032 Caen 5, France. [Marinkovic, B. P.; Mihajlov, A. A.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys Belgrade, POB 57, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Markwick, A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Mason, N. J.] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Mendoza, C.] IVIC, Ctr Fis, POB 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Millar, T. J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Univ Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Mulas, G.] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Ist Nazl AstroFis, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy. [Pakhomov, Yu; Ryabchikova, T.] RAS, Inst Astron, Pyatnitskaya 48, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P.] Univ Mons, Phys Atom & Astrophys, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Pancheshnyi, S.] ABB Corp Res, Segelhofstr 1K, CH-5405 Baden, Switzerland. [Postler, J.; Scheier, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Technikerstr 25-3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Quinet, P.] Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhee, Y-J] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Nucl Data Ctr, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Rixon, G.; Walton, N. A.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Schlemmer, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Kln, Germany. [Tyuterev, Vl G.] Univ Reims, GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Reims, France. [Vujcic, V.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Org Sci, Jove Ilica 33, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Dubernet, ML (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, CNRS, LERMA,Observ Paris,PSL Res Univ, 5 Pl Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM marie-lise.dubernet@obspm.fr RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Scheier, Paul/E-3088-2010; Tashkun, Sergey/E-8682-2014; Marinkovic, Bratislav/D-3589-2012; Babikov, Yurii/E-8686-2014; Antony, Bobby Kachappilly/H-5302-2015; Pakhomov, Yury/B-5172-2014; OI Millar, Tom/0000-0001-5178-3656; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Marinkovic, Bratislav/0000-0002-6904-6360; Antony, Bobby Kachappilly/0000-0003-2073-9681; Leto, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0040-5011; Wakelam, Valentine/0000-0001-9676-2605; Mulas, Giacomo/0000-0003-0602-6669 FU VAMDC project; SUP@VAMDC project [INFRA-2008-1.2.2, 239108, 313284]; Paris Astronomical Data Center; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M007731/1, ST/M007774/1, ST/M007766/1]; NASA; UK STFC; SOLID (First European SOLar Irradiance Data Exploitation), a collaborative SPACE Project under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission [313188]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR grant [14-07-00863]; NASA Planetary Atmospheres Grant [NNX13AI59G]; ERC Advanced Investigator Project [267219]; United States National Science Foundation [PHY-1403245, PHY-1520970]; Dept. of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26635]; Nano-IBCT COST Action MP1002 (Nano-scale Insights into Ion Beam Cancer Therapy); LIA SAMIA; Tomsk State University D Mendeleev funding program; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia [III44002, 176002, 171020]; XSEDE supercomputer allocation [PHY-090031] FX Support for VAMDC has been provided through the VAMDC and the SUP@VAMDC projects funded under the 'Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions' Funding Scheme of The Seventh Framework Program. Call topic: INFRA-2008-1.2.2 and INFRA-2012 Scientific Data Infrastructure. Grant Agreement numbers: 239108 and 313284. In addition we acknowledge support from Paris Astronomical Data Center. The UK nodes acknowledge support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grants ST/M007731/1, ST/M007774/1 and ST/M007766/1. Portions of the research described in this paper were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The NIST ASD development is supported in part by NASA. GDZ and HEM work on CHIANTI has been supported by the UK STFC and SOLID (First European SOLar Irradiance Data Exploitation), a collaborative SPACE Project under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) of the European Commission under Grant Agreement N 313188. The Spectr-W3 project activities are currently supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR grant Nr. 14-07-00863. LSR and IEG wish to thank the support from NASA Planetary Atmospheres Grant NNX13AI59G. ExoMol is supported by ERC Advanced Investigator Project 267219. ZB and KB acknowledge support from the United States National Science Foundation under grants PHY-1403245 and PHY-1520970, and by the XSEDE supercomputer allocation PHY-090031. AD and SM thank P Rousseau and B A Huber for fruitful discussions, Quentin Marie for the preparing of the RADAM-ION database website structure and Universite de Caen Normandie for hosting the website. BA is supported by the Dept. of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. Part of this research was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P26635. Support from Nano-IBCT COST Action MP1002 (Nano-scale Insights into Ion Beam Cancer Therapy) is also acknowledged. YLB and VGT acknowledge support from LIA SAMIA and from Tomsk State University D Mendeleev funding program. Belgrade node activities and the corresponding research are supported by projects III44002, 176002 and 171020 of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia. NR 162 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 11 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 7 AR 074003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/7/074003 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DH6OS UT WOS:000372911000003 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Form Factors for Branched Polymers with Excluded Volume SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dendrimers; excluded volume effect; looping branches; polymer ring; small-angle scattering form factors; star-branched polymers ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STAR; MACROMOLECULES; DILUTE; CHAIN AB The form factors for star-branched polymers with linear branches or with looping branches are calculated. The effect of chain swelling excluded volume is incorporated through an excluded volume parameter approach. The form factor for ring polymers is also included, since it is nicely derived as a special case. Furthermore, the form factor for dendrimers with excluded volume is also calculated. In order to evaluate the form factor for stars with looping branches, the multivariate Gaussian function is used to close the looping branches. Analytical results are possible in the Gaussian chain case (i.e., with no excluded volume), but the calculations are left in a form involving summations over monomers when the general case incorporates excluded volume. C1 [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX Informative discussions with Vivek Prabhu and Wei-Ren Chen are appreciated. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 13 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 139 EP 164 DI 10.6028/jres.121.006 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BE UT WOS:000379218600001 ER PT J AU Williams, TS Orloff, ND Baker, JS Miller, SG Natarajan, B Obrzut, J McCorkle, LS Lebron-Colon, M Gaier, J Meador, MA Liddle, JA AF Williams, Tiffany S. Orloff, Nathan D. Baker, James S. Miller, Sandi G. Natarajan, Bharath Obrzut, Jan McCorkle, Linda S. Lebron-Colon, Marisabel Gaier, James Meador, Michael A. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Trade-off between the Mechanical Strength and Microwave Electrical Properties of Functionalized and Irradiated Carbon Nanotube Sheets SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE multiwalled carbon nanotubes; carbon nanotube sheets; chemical functionalization; tensile strength; electrical conductivity; microwave spectroscopy; electron beam irradiation ID SHEET/BISMALEIMIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; BUNDLES; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; YARNS; BEAM AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets represent a novel implementation of CNTs that enable the tailoring of electrical and mechanical properties for applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. Small molecule functionalization and postprocessing techniques, such as irradiation with high-energy particles, are methods that can enhance the mechanical properties of CNTs. However, the effect that these modifications have on the electrical conduction mechanisms has not been extensively explored. By characterizing the mechanical and electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheets with different functional groups and irradiation doses, we can expand our insights into the extent of the trade-off that exists between mechanical strength and electrical conductivity for commercially available CNT sheets. Such insights allow for the optimization of design pathways for engineering applications that require a balance of material property enhancements. C1 [Williams, Tiffany S.; Miller, Sandi G.; Lebron-Colon, Marisabel; Gaier, James; Meador, Michael A.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baker, James S.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Natarajan, Bharath] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCorkle, Linda S.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Williams, TS (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM tiffany.s.williams@nasa.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU NASA Game Changing Development Program/Nanotechnology Project; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Glenn Research Center - Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Rice University [70NANB12H188]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H188] FX This effort was funded through the NASA Game Changing Development Program/Nanotechnology Project. Support was also received from the following sources: the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Glenn Research Center sponsored by Oak Ridge Associated Universities, and a Cooperative Research Agreement between Rice University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (grant 70NANB12H188). We thank Dr. Jeffrey Eldrige for assistance with Raman Spectroscopy and Nathan Wilmoth for his assistance with mechanical testing. Microwave spectroscopy measurements were carried out at the NIST Materials Measurement Laboratory in support of the National Nano technology Initiative. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 13 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 14 BP 9327 EP 9334 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b12303 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DJ5UF UT WOS:000374274900057 PM 27044063 ER PT J AU Hardison, DR Holland, WC McCall, JR Bourdelais, AJ Baden, DG Darius, HT Chinain, M Tester, PA Shea, D Quintana, HAF Morris, JA Litaker, RW AF Hardison, D. Ransom Holland, William C. McCall, Jennifer R. Bourdelais, Andrea J. Baden, Daniel G. Darius, H. Taiana Chinain, Mireille Tester, Patricia A. Shea, Damian Quintana, Harold A. Flores Morris, James A., Jr. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Fluorescent Receptor Binding Assay for Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; CELL-BASED ASSAY; SITE 5; CIGUATERA; BREVETOXINS; TOXINS; TOXICITY; LIONFISH; PACIFIC; ISLANDS AB Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness suffered by > 50,000 people yearly after consumption of fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). One of the current methodologies to detect ciguatoxins in fish is a radiolabeled receptor binding assay (RBA((R))). However, the license requirements and regulations pertaining to radioisotope utilization can limit the applicability of the RBA((R)) in certain labs. A fluorescence based receptor binding assay (RBA((F))) was developed to provide an alternative method of screening fish samples for CTXs in facilities not certified to use radioisotopes. The new assay is based on competition binding between CTXs and fluorescently labeled brevetoxin-2 (BODIPY (R)-PbTx-2) for voltage-gated sodium channel receptors at site 5 instead of a radiolabeled brevetoxin. Responses were linear in fish tissues spiked from 0.1 to 1.0 ppb with Pacific ciguatoxin-3C (P-CTX-3C) with a detection limit of 0.075 ppb. Carribean ciguatoxins were confirmed in Caribbean fish by LC-MS/MS analysis of the regional biomarker (C-CTX-1). Fish (N = 61) of six different species were screened using the RBA((F)). Results for corresponding samples analyzed using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) correlated well (R-2 = 0.71) with those of the RBA((F)), given the low levels of CTX present in positive fish. Data analyses also showed the resulting toxicity levels of P-CTX-3C equivalents determined by CBA-N2a were consistently lower than the RBA((F)) affinities expressed as% binding equivalents, indicating that a given amount of toxin bound to the site 5 receptors translates into corresponding lower cytotoxicity. Consequently, the RBA((F)), which takes approximately two hours to perform, provides a generous estimate relative to the widely used CBA-N2a which requires 2.5 days to complete. Other RBA((F)) advantages include the long-term(> 5 years) stability of the BODIPY (R)-PbTx-2 and having similar results as the commonly used RBA((R)). The RBA((F)) is cost-effective, allows high sample throughput, and is well-suited for routine CTX monitoring programs. C1 [Hardison, D. Ransom; Holland, William C.; Tester, Patricia A.; Morris, James A., Jr.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [McCall, Jennifer R.; Bourdelais, Andrea J.; Baden, Daniel G.] Univ N Carolina, MARBIONC CREST Res Pk, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [McCall, Jennifer R.] SeaTox Res Inc, UNCW CREST Res Pk, Wilmington, NC USA. [Darius, H. Taiana; Chinain, Mireille] ILM, UMR EIO 241, Lab Tox Microalgae, Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Tester, Patricia A.] JHT Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Environm Chem & Toxicol Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Quintana, Harold A. Flores] US FDA, Div Seafood Sci & Technol, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. RP Hardison, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. EM rance.hardison@noaa.gov OI DARIUS, Helene Taiana/0000-0002-1184-7034 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algae Blooms contribution [843]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Ocean Service; Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research; Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology CIOERT [NA14OAR4320260]; NOAA; DOC FX Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algae Blooms contribution #843 - http://coastalscience.noaa.gov/research/habs/ecohab RWL PAT DRH WCH DS. Program funds were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research-DRH WCH RWL PAT JAM. The UNCW partnership is in part funded through the Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology CIOERT, award number NA14OAR4320260, NOAA, DOC. Authors associated with this are DGB, AJB, and JRM. NOAA National Marine Fisheries, Office of International Affairs-United States Department of State-JAM. The commercial partner SeaTox Research Inc. was not responsible the design or execution of the project, nor did they provide salary support to any of the collaborators. Their role was limited to providing reagents and running the radioactive receptor binding assay using extracts prepared by DRH and WCH. JHT provided support in the form of salary for PT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 13 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR e0153348 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0153348 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ3UC UT WOS:000374131200077 PM 27073998 ER PT J AU Butch, NP Paglione, J Chow, P Xiao, YM Marianetti, CA Booth, CH Jeffries, JR AF Butch, Nicholas P. Paglione, Johnpierre Chow, Paul Xiao, Yuming Marianetti, Chris A. Booth, Corwin H. Jeffries, Jason R. TI Pressure-Resistant Intermediate Valence in the Kondo Insulator SmB6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SAMARIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSITION; HEXABORIDE; STATES AB Resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy was used to determine the pressure dependence of the f-electron occupancy in the Kondo insulator SmB6. Applied pressure reduces the f occupancy, but surprisingly, the material maintains a significant divalent character up to a pressure of at least 35 GPa. Thus, the closure of the resistive activation energy gap and onset of magnetic order are not driven by stabilization of an integer valent state. Over the entire pressure range, the material maintains a remarkably stable intermediate valence that can in principle support a nontrivial band structure. C1 [Butch, Nicholas P.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.; Jeffries, Jason R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marianetti, Chris A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Booth, Corwin H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Butch, NP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Butch, NP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Butch, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nicholas.butch@nist.gov FU CNAM; LLNL PLS directorate; Science Campaign; DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0001974]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45775]; NSF; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE, NNSA [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0603]; NSF MRSEC program through Columbia in the Center for Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids [DMR-1420634]; Office of Science (OS), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX N. P. B. acknowledges support by CNAM and the LLNL PLS directorate. J. R. J. is partially supported by the Science Campaign. Portions of this work were performed under LDRD (Tracking Code 14-ERD-041). This work was performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No. DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award No. DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. The Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. LLNL is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the DOE, NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Crystal growth at UMD was supported by AFOSR-MURI (FA9550-09-1-0603). C. A. M. was supported by the NSF MRSEC program through Columbia in the Center for Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids (DMR-1420634). Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science (OS), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 15 AR 156401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.156401 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DJ0IA UT WOS:000373884500005 PM 27127976 ER PT J AU Colegrove, KM Venn-Watson, S Litz, J Kinsel, MJ Terio, KA Fougeres, E Ewing, R Pabst, DA McLellan, WA Raverty, S Saliki, J Fire, S Rappucci, G Bowen-Stevens, S Noble, L Costidis, A Barbieri, M Field, C Smith, S Carmichael, RH Chevis, C Hatchett, W Shannon, D Tumlin, M Lovewell, G Mcfee, W Rowles, TK AF Colegrove, Kathleen M. Venn-Watson, Stephanie Litz, Jenny Kinsel, Michael J. Terio, Karen A. Fougeres, Erin Ewing, Ruth Pabst, D. Ann McLellan, William A. Raverty, Stephen Saliki, Jeremiah Fire, Spencer Rappucci, Gina Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina Noble, Lauren Costidis, Alex Barbieri, Michelle Field, Cara Smith, Suzanne Carmichael, Ruth H. Chevis, Connie Hatchett, Wendy Shannon, Delphine Tumlin, Mandy Lovewell, Gretchen Mcfee, Wayne Rowles, Teresa K. TI Fetal distress and in utero pneumonia in perinatal dolphins during the Northern Gulf of Mexico unusual mortality event SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Brucella; Fetal distress; Fetal loss; Oil spill; Pneumonia; Tursiops truncatus; Unusual mortality event ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BRUCELLA-CETI; MISSISSIPPI SOUND; INFECTION; EXPOSURE; ASSOCIATION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; OPTIMIZATION AB An unusual mortality event (UME) involving primarily common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus of all size classes stranding along coastal Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, USA, started in early 2010 and continued into 2014. During this northern Gulf of Mexico UME, a distinct cluster of perinatal dolphins (total body length < 115 cm) stranded in Mississippi and Alabama during 2011. The proportion of annual dolphin strandings that were perinates between 2009 and 2013 were compared to baseline strandings (2000-2005). A case-reference study was conducted to compare demographics, histologic lesions, and Brucella sp. infection prevalence in 69 UME perinatal dolphins to findings from 26 reference perinates stranded in South Carolina and Florida outside of the UME area. Compared to reference perinates, UME perinates were more likely to have died in utero or very soon after birth (presence of atelectasis in 88 vs. 15%, p < 0.0001), have fetal distress (87 vs. 27%, p < 0.0001), and have pneumonia not associated with lungworm infection (65 vs. 19%, p = 0.0001). The percentage of perinates with Brucella sp. infections identified via lung PCR was higher among UME perinates stranding in Mississippi and Alabama compared to reference perinates (61 vs. 24%, p = 0.01), and multiple different Brucella omp genetic sequences were identified in UME perinates. These results support that from 2011 to 2013, during the northern Gulf of Mexico UME, bottlenose dolphins were particularly susceptible to late-term pregnancy failures and development of in utero infections including brucellosis. C1 [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie; Kinsel, Michael J.; Terio, Karen A.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92016 USA. [Litz, Jenny; Ewing, Ruth] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fougeres, Erin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Pabst, D. Ann; McLellan, William A.; Costidis, Alex] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Raverty, Stephen] Anim Hlth Ctr, 1787 Angus Campbell Rd, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. [Saliki, Jeremiah] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fire, Spencer; Mcfee, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rappucci, Gina; Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Noble, Lauren] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Barbieri, Michelle; Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Field, Cara; Smith, Suzanne] Audubon Aquarium Amer, New Orleans, LA 70130 USA. [Carmichael, Ruth H.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Carmichael, Ruth H.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Chevis, Connie; Hatchett, Wendy; Shannon, Delphine] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39503 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Lovewell, Gretchen] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Fire, Spencer] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Barbieri, Michelle; Field, Cara] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Colegrove, KM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. EM katie.colegrove@gmail.com FU NMFS UME contingency fund; NOAA Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment FX This work could not have been conducted without the efforts of the Marine Mammal Stranding Network, including additional personnel from those agencies working on the northern GoM UME: Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (especially staff from the Fisheries Research Lab in Grand Isle), Audubon Aquarium of the Americas, Institute for Marine Mammal Studies, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge, and Gulf World Marine Park, particularly M. Brodsky, J. Hartley, M. Kelley, C. N. Seely, N. Wingers, M. Stolen, D. Boyd, B. MacLean, and S. Maillian. The authors acknowledge the northern GoM UME Investigative Team and the past and present members of the Working Group for Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Events. We thank E. Stratton and L. Aichinger Dias for their integral roles in the perinate necropsy session. We thank B. Mase-Guthrie and E. Stratton for coordination of the SER Marine Mammal Stranding Network. We thank N. Ahmed and J. Landolfi for their integral work in completing the PCR assays and B. Thomsen for completion of immunohistochemistry. M. Broadwater is acknowledged for her assistance in biotoxin analysis. The biotoxin analysis was conducted through the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Harmful Algal Bloom Analytical Response Team. C. Quance and S. Robbe-Austerman from National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service are acknowledged for their work on Brucella culture. We thank the following individuals who helped review or otherwise contribute to portions of this manuscript: L. Engleby, S. Horton, L. Schwacke, C. Smith, Z. Wang, and F. Van Dolah. Funding for this investigation was provided in part by the NMFS UME contingency fund, NOAA Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and as part of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment being conducted cooperatively between NOAA, other federal and state trustees and BP. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3354/dao02969 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DK0AX UT WOS:000374575900001 PM 27068499 ER PT J AU Raymundo, LJ Work, TM Miller, RL Lozada-Misa, PL AF Raymundo, L. J. Work, T. M. Miller, R. L. Lozada-Misa, P. L. TI Effects of Coralliophila violacea on tissue loss in the scleractinian corals Porites spp. depend on host response SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Coralliophila; Coral disease; White syndrome; Porites; Guam ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; WHITE SYNDROME; BAND DISEASE; LESIONS; GROSS; TRANSMISSION; CORALLIVORE; COMMUNITIES; ABBREVIATA; DRUPELLA AB We investigated interactions between the corallivorous gastropod Coralliophila violacea and its preferred hosts Porites spp. Our objectives were to experimentally determine whether tissue loss could progress in Porites during or after Coralliophila predation on corals with and without tissue loss and to histologically document snail predation. In 64% of feeding scars, tissue regenerated within 3 wk, leaving no trace of predation. However, in roughly 28% of scars, lesions progressed to subacute tissue loss resembling white syndrome. In feeding experiments, scars from snails previously fed diseased tissue developed progressive tissue loss twice as frequently as scars from snails previously fed healthy tissue. Scars from previously healthy-fed snails were 3 times as likely to heal as those from previously diseased-fed snails. Histology revealed marked differences in host responses to snails; P. cylindrica manifested a robust inflammatory response with fewer secondary colonizing organisms such as algae, sponges, and helminths, whereas P. rus showed no evident inflammation and more secondary colonization. We conclude that lesion progression associated with Coralliophila may be associated with secondary colonization of coral tissues damaged by predator-induced trauma and necrosis. Importantly, variation at the cellular level should be considered when explaining interspecific differences in host responses in corals impacted by phenomena such as predation. C1 [Raymundo, L. J.] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Work, T. M.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Miller, R. L.] Bur Stat & Plans, Guam Coral Reef Monitoring Program, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Lozada-Misa, P. L.] NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Raymundo, LJ (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM ljraymundo@gmail.com FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to L.J.R. and G. Aeby. A. Miller, T. Reynolds, and R. Diaz assisted in laboratory experiments. Discussions with G. Aeby guided the experimental set up. Mention of products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the paper. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 12 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.3354/dao02982 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA DK0AX UT WOS:000374575900007 PM 27068505 ER PT J AU Stutzman, PE Feng, P Bullard, JW AF Stutzman, Paul E. Feng, Pan Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Phase Analysis of Portland Cement by Combined Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE materials characterization; microstructure; portland cement; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction AB X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) has been used for several decades to identify and measure the mass fractions of various crystalline phases in portland cement. More recently, a combination of scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM/XMA) and image processing has been shown to enable the quantitative characterization of microstructural features in these materials. Each-technique can furnish some information that is not accessible from the other. For example, SEM/XMA can identify the microstructural location and morphology of calcium sulfate minerals, while only XRD can determine the relative abundance of the different forms of calcium sulfate, such as gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O), bassanite (CaSO4 center dot 1/2 H2O), and anhydrite (CaSO4). This document describes how XRD and SEM/XMA can be used together to establish and validate the portland cement phase composition and microstructure. Particular emphasis is laid on step-by-step procedures and best practices for XRD specimen preparation, data collection, and intepretation. Similar detail has been given recently for SEM/XMA [Stutzman et al., NIST Tech Note 1877, U.S. Department of Commerce, April 2015]. The methods are demonstrated for three portland cement powders, through which apparent discrepancies between the results of the two methods are identified and procedures are described for resolving the discrepancies and quantifying uncertainty. C1 [Stutzman, Paul E.; Feng, Pan; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, Pan] Southeast Univ, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Stutzman, PE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.stutzman@nist.gov; pan.feng@nist.gov; jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 11 PY 2016 VL 121 DI 10.6028/jres.121.004 PG 61 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5AZ UT WOS:000379218100001 ER PT J AU Yao, ZZ Zhang, ZJ Liu, LZ Li, ZY Zhou, W Zhao, YF Han, Y Chen, BL Krishna, R Xiang, SC AF Yao, Zizhu Zhang, Zhangjing Liu, Lizhen Li, Ziyin Zhou, Wei Zhao, Yunfeng Han, Yu Chen, Banglin Krishna, Rajamani Xiang, Shengchang TI Extraordinary Separation of Acetylene-Containing Mixtures with Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks with Open O Donor Sites and Tunable Robustness through Control of the Helical Chain Secondary Building Units SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE column breakthrough; metal-organic frameworks; open O donors; selective gas adsorption; structural diversity ID SELECTIVE C2H2/C2H4 SEPARATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CO2/CH4 SEPARATION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; BINDING-ENERGY; GAS SEPARATION; NATURAL-GAS; CO2 CAPTURE; STORAGE; HYDROGENATION AB Acetylene separation is a very important but challenging industrial separation task. Here, through the solvothermal reaction of CuI and 5-triazole isophthalic acid in different solvents, two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, FJU-21 and FJU-22) with open O donor sites and controllable robustness have been obtained for acetylene separation. They contain the same paddle-wheel {Cu-2(COO2)(4)} nodes and metal-ligand connection modes, but with different helical chains as secondary building units (SBUs), leading to different structural robustness for the MOFs. FJU-21 and FJU-22 are the first examples in which the MOFs' robustness is controlled by adjusting the helical chain SBUs. Good robustness gives the activated FJU-22a, which has higher surface area and gas uptakes than the flexible FJU-21a. Importantly, FJU-22a shows extraordinary separation of acetylene mixtures under ambient conditions. The separation capacity of FJU-22a for 50:50 C2H2/CO2 mixtures is about twice that of the high-capacity HOF-3, and its actual separation selectivity for C2H2/C2H4 mixtures containing 1% acetylene is the highest among reported porous materials. Based on first-principles calculations, the extraordinary separation performance of C2H2 for FJU-22a was attributed to hydrogen-bonding interactions between the C2H2 molecules with the open O donors on the wall, which provide better recognition ability for C2H2 than other functional sites, including open metal sites and amino groups. C1 [Yao, Zizhu; Zhang, Zhangjing; Liu, Lizhen; Li, Ziyin; Xiang, Shengchang] Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, 32 Shangsan Rd, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yunfeng; Han, Yu] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Membranes & Porous Mat Ctr, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Zhao, Yunfeng] Tianjin Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Inst New Energy Mat & Low Carbon Technol, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. RP Xiang, SC (reprint author), Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, 32 Shangsan Rd, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China.; Krishna, R (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM scxiang@fjnu.edu.cn RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Zhao, Yunfeng/H-1380-2011; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012 OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Zhao, Yunfeng/0000-0002-1442-992X; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21207018, 21273033, 21203024, 21573042]; Fujian Science and Technology Department [2014J06003, 2014H6007]; Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts, Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-10-0108]; Award 'MinJiang Scholar Program' in Fujian Province FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21207018, 21273033, 21203024, and 21573042) and the Fujian Science and Technology Department (2014J06003 and 2014H6007). S.X. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts, Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0108), and the Award 'MinJiang Scholar Program' in Fujian Province. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 21 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 EI 1521-3765 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD APR 11 PY 2016 VL 22 IS 16 BP 5676 EP 5683 DI 10.1002/chem.201505107 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DJ2EW UT WOS:000374017500032 PM 26934040 ER PT J AU Schaan, E Ferraro, S Vargas-Magana, M Smith, KM Ho, S Aiola, S Battaglia, N Bond, JR De Bernardis, F Calabrese, E Cho, HM Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Gallardo, PA Hasselfield, M Henderson, S Hill, JC Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Hubmayr, J Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Koopman, B Kosowsky, A Li, D Louis, T Lungu, M Madhavacheri, M Maurin, L McMahon, JJ Moodley, K Naess, S Nati, F Newburgh, L Niemack, MD Page, LA Pappas, CG Partridge, B Schmitt, BL Sehga, N Sherwin, BD Sievers, JL Spergel, DN Staggs, ST van Engelen, A Wollack, EJ AF Schaan, Emmanuel Ferraro, Simone Vargas-Magana, Mariana Smith, Kendrick M. Ho, Shirley Aiola, Simone Battaglia, Nicholas Bond, J. Richard De Bernardis, Francesco Calabrese, Erminia Cho, Hsiao-Mei Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Gallardo, Patricio A. Hasselfield, Matthew Henderson, Shawn Hill, J. Colin Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Hubmayr, Johannes Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent D. Koopman, Brian Kosowsky, Arthur Li, Dale Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius Madhavacheri, Mathew Maurin, Loic McMahon, Jeffrey John Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Pappas, Christine G. Partridge, Bruce Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehga, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jonathan L. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. van Engelen, Alexander Wollack, Edward J. CA ACTPol Collaboration TI Evidence for the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and velocity reconstruction from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOCALLY BRIGHTEST GALAXIES; WEAK LENSING SIGNAL; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE; BULK FLOW; CONSTRAINTS; CLUSTERS; FEEDBACK AB We use microwave temperature maps from two seasons of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope at 146 GHz, together with the "Constant Mass" CMASS galaxy sample from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey to measure the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect over the redshift range z = 0.4-0.7. We use galaxy positions and the continuity equation to obtain a reconstruction of the line-of-sight velocity field. We stack the microwave temperature at the location of each halo, weighted by the corresponding reconstructed velocity. We vary the size of the aperture photometry filter used, thus probing the free electron profile of these halos from within the virial radius out to three virial radii, on the scales relevant for investigating the missing baryons problem. The resulting best fit kSZ model is preferred over the no-kSZ hypothesis at 3.3 and 2.9 sigma for two independent velocity reconstruction methods, using 25,537 galaxies over 660 square degrees. The data suggest that the baryon profile is shallower than the dark matter in the inner regions of the halos probed here, potentially due to energy injection from active galactic nucleus or supernovae. Thus, by constraining the gas profile on a wide range of scales, this technique will be useful for understanding the role of feedback in galaxy groups and clusters. The effect of foregrounds that are uncorrelated with the galaxy velocities is expected to be well below our signal, and residual thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich contamination is controlled by masking the most massive clusters. Finally, we discuss the systematics involved in converting our measurement of the kSZ amplitude into the mean free electron fraction of the halos in our sample. C1 [Schaan, Emmanuel; Ferraro, Simone; Battaglia, Nicholas; Calabrese, Erminia; Hasselfield, Matthew; Hlozek, Renee; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ferraro, Simone; Sherwin, Blake D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vargas-Magana, Mariana] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Smith, Kendrick M.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Ho, Shirley] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Aiola, Simone; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Aiola, Simone; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bond, J. Richard; van Engelen, Alexander] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [De Bernardis, Francesco; Gallardo, Patricio A.; Henderson, Shawn; Koopman, Brian; Maurin, Loic; Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna; Louis, Thibaut; Naess, Sigurd] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Irwin, Kent D.; Li, Dale] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sandhill Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Lungu, Marius; Nati, Federico; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hill, J. Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, Pupin Hall, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hincks, Adam D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hubmayr, Johannes] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Madhavacheri, Mathew; Sehga, Neelima] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Maurin, Loic] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago 7820436, Chile. [McMahon, Jeffrey John] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Newburgh, Laura] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Page, Lyman A.; Pappas, Christine G.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sherwin, Blake D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sherwin, Blake D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sievers, Jonathan L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Sievers, Jonathan L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, NITheP, Private Bag X54001, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schaan, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM eschaan@astro.princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Aiola, Simone/0000-0002-1035-1854 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Cornell University; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Mishrahi Fund; Wilkinson Fund; NSF [AST1311756, AST1517593, AST1412966, AST-1454881, AST-1517049]; NASA [NNXI2AG72G, 12-EUCLID11-0004, NNX13AE56G, NNX14AB58G, NNX12AM32H, ATP NNX14AB57G]; Government of Canada through Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation; NSERC Discovery grant; DOE-ASC [DOE-DESC001114]; Lyman Spitzer fellowship; ERC [259505]; DOE [DE-SC0011114]; NASA Space Technology research fellowships; CONICYT [QUIMAL-120001, FONDECYT-1141113]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Institute de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; [AST-1312991] FX We thank Marcelo Alvarez, Neal Dalal, Tommaso Giannantonio, Oliver Hahn, Andrey Kravtsov, Guilhem Lavaux, Hironao Miyatake, Hyunbae Park, Hiranya Peiris, Ue-Li Pen, Bjoern Soergel, Naonori Sugiyama and Simon White for very useful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grants No. AST-0408698 and No. AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as Grants No. PHY-0855887 and No. PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to the University of British Columbia. ACToperates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Colleagues at RadioSky provide logistical support and keep operations in Chile running smoothly. We also thank the Mishrahi Fund and the Wilkinson Fund for their generous support of the project. E. S., S. F. and D. N. S. are supported by NSF Grant No. AST1311756 and NASA Grant No. NNXI2AG72G. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation. K. M. S. was supported by an NSERC Discovery grant. S. H. is supported in part by DOE-ASC Award No. DOE-DESC001114, NASA Grant No. 12-EUCLID11-0004, and NSF Grants No. AST1517593 and No. AST1412966. N. B. acknowledges support from the Lyman Spitzer fellowship. M. N. and F. D. B. acknowledge support from NSF Grants No. AST-1454881 and No. AST-1517049. The development of multichroic detectors and lenses was supported by NASA Grants No. NNX13AE56G and No. NNX14AB58G. C. M. acknowledges support from NASA Grant No. NNX12AM32H. Funding from ERC Grant No. 259505 supports S. N., J. D., E. C., and T. L. H. T. is supported by NASA Grant No. ATP NNX14AB57G, DOE Award No. DE-SC0011114, and NSF Grant No. AST-1312991. B. S. and B. K. are funded by NASA Space Technology research fellowships. R. D. received funding from the CONICYT Grants No. QUIMAL-120001 and No. FONDECYT-1141113. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Institute de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth; Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia; University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 11 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 8 AR 082002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.082002 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DI8SF UT WOS:000373770800001 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Jones, MC Reygondeau, G Stock, CA Lam, VWY Frolicher, TL AF Cheung, William W. L. Jones, Miranda C. Reygondeau, Gabriel Stock, Charles A. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Froelicher, Thomas L. TI Structural uncertainty in projecting global fisheries catches under climate change SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic Bioclimate Envelope Model; Climate change; Uncertainty; Habitat suitability; MAXENT; AquaMaps ID TROPHIC AMPLIFICATION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; MARINE; DISTRIBUTIONS; OCEAN; FISH; IMPACTS; GROWTH; SCALE AB The global ocean is projected to be warmer, less oxygenated and more acidic in the 21st century relative to the present day, resulting in changes in the biogeography and productivity of marine organisms and ecosystems. Previous studies using a Dynamic Bioclimate Envelope Model (DBEM) projected increases in potential catch in high latitude regions and decreases in tropical regions over the next few decades. A major structural uncertainty of the projected redistribution of species and fisheries catches can be attributed to the habitat suitability algorithms used. Here, we compare the DBEM projections of potential catches of 500 species of exploited marine fishes and invertebrates from 1971 to 2060 using three versions of DBEM that differ by the algorithm used to predict relative habitat suitability: DBEM-Basic, DBEM-Maxent and DBEM-Aquamaps. All the DBEM models have similar skill in predicting the occurrence of exploited species and distribution of observed fisheries production. Globally, the models project a decrease in catch potential of 3% to 13% by 2050 under a high emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5). For the majority, of the modelled species, projections by DBEM-Maxent are less sensitive to changes in ocean properties than those by DBEM-Aquamaps. The mean magnitude of projected changes relative to differences between projections differ between regions, being highest (>1 times the standard deviation) in the tropical regions and Arctic Ocean and lowest in three of the main Eastern Boundary Upwelling regions, the eastern Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean. These results suggest that the qualitative patterns of changes in catch potential reported in previous studies are not affected by the structural uncertainty of DBEM, particularly in areas where catch potential was projected to be most sensitive to climate change. However, when making projections of fish stocks and their potential catches using DBEM in the future, multiple versions of DBEM should be used to quantify the uncertainty associated with structural uncertainty of the models. Overall, this study contributes to improving projection of future changes in living marine resources by exploring one aspect of the cascade of uncertainty associated with such projections. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.; Jones, Miranda C.; Reygondeau, Gabriel; Lam, Vicky W. Y.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Nippon Fdn Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Jones, Miranda C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lam, Vicky W. Y.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Sea Us, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Nippon Fdn Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM w.cheung@oceans.ubc.ca RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [22R68146]; SNSF (Ambizione grant) [PZ00P2_142573] FX This study is a contribution from the Nippon Foundation-The University of British Columbia Nereus Program. WWLC also acknowledges funding support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (22R68146). T. L. Frolicher acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2016 VL 325 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.12.018 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG3BL UT WOS:000371944400006 ER PT J AU Ong, TH Romanova, EV Roberts-Galbraith, RH Yang, N Zimmerman, TA Collins, JJ Lee, JE Kelleher, NL Newmark, PA Sweedler, JV AF Ong, Ta-Hsuan Romanova, Elena V. Roberts-Galbraith, Rachel H. Yang, Ning Zimmerman, Tyler A. Collins, James J., III Lee, Ji Eun Kelleher, Neil L. Newmark, Phillip A. Sweedler, Jonathan V. TI Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Identification of Peptides Associated with Cephalic Ganglia Regeneration in Schmidtea mediterranea SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE imaging; mass spectrometry (MS); neurogenesis; neuropeptide; regeneration ID PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; HEAD-REGENERATION; PLANARIAN BRAIN; ANIMAL REGENERATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; NEUROPEPTIDES; PEPTIDOMICS; EXPRESSION; DISCOVERY; SYSTEM AB Tissue regeneration is a complex process that involves a mosaic of molecules that vary spatially and temporally. Insights into the chemical signaling underlying this process can be achieved with a multiplex and untargeted chemical imaging method such as mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), which can enable de novo studies of nervous system regeneration. A combination of MSI and multivariate statistics was used to differentiate peptide dynamics in the freshwater planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea at different time points during cephalic ganglia regeneration. A protocol was developed to make S. mediterranea tissues amenable for MSI. MS ion images of planarian tissue sections allow changes in peptides and unknown compounds to be followed as a function of cephalic ganglia regeneration. In conjunction with fluorescence imaging, our results suggest that even though the cephalic ganglia structure is visible after 6 days of regeneration, the original chemical composition of these regenerated structures is regained only after 12 days. Differences were observed in many peptides, such as those derived from secreted peptide 4 and EYE53-1. Peptidomic analysis further identified multiple peptides from various known prohormones, histone proteins, and DNA- and RNA-binding proteins as being associated with the regeneration process. Mass spectrometry data also facilitated the identification of a new prohormone, which we have named secreted peptide prohormone 20 (SPP-20), and is up-regulated during regeneration in planarians. C1 [Ong, Ta-Hsuan; Romanova, Elena V.; Yang, Ning; Zimmerman, Tyler A.; Lee, Ji Eun; Sweedler, Jonathan V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ong, Ta-Hsuan; Romanova, Elena V.; Yang, Ning; Zimmerman, Tyler A.; Lee, Ji Eun; Sweedler, Jonathan V.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Roberts-Galbraith, Rachel H.; Collins, James J., III; Newmark, Phillip A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kelleher, Neil L.] Northwestern Univ, Prote Ctr Excellence, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60611 USA. [Kelleher, Neil L.] Northwestern Univ, Prote Ctr Excellence, Dept Mol Biosci, Evanston, IL 60611 USA. [Zimmerman, Tyler A.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, James J., III] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Lee, Ji Eun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Biomed Res Inst, Ctr Theragnosis, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Sweedler, JV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsweedle@illinois.edu RI Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009; OI Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922; Zimmerman, Tyler/0000-0002-5408-9771; Newmark, Phillip/0000-0003-0793-022X FU National Institutes of Health NINDS [RO1 NS031609]; NICHD [R01 HD043403]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [P30 DA018310] FX The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health NINDS Grant RO1 NS031609, NICHD Grant R01 HD043403, and National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant P30 DA018310. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 8 PY 2016 VL 291 IS 15 BP 8109 EP 8120 DI 10.1074/jbc.M115.709196 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DJ2SZ UT WOS:000374056700028 PM 26884331 ER PT J AU Perron, JK Stewart, MD Zimmerman, NM AF Perron, Justin K. Stewart, M. D., Jr. Zimmerman, Neil M. TI A new regime of Pauli-spin blockade SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM DOT; SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN AB Pauli-spin blockade (PSB) is a transport phenomenon in double quantum dots that allows for a type of spin to charge conversion often used to probe fundamental physics such as spin relaxation and singlet-triplet coupling. In this paper, we theoretically explore Pauli-spin blockade as a function of magnetic field B applied parallel to the substrate. In the well-studied low magnetic field regime, where PSB occurs in the forward (1, 1) -> (0, 2) tunneling direction, we highlight some aspects of PSB that are not discussed in detail in existing literature, including the change in size of both bias triangles measured in the forward and reverse biasing directions as a function of B. At higher fields, we predict a crossover to "reverse PSB" in which current is blockaded in the reverse direction due to the occupation of a spin singlet as opposed to the traditional triplet blockade that occurs at low fields. The onset of reverse PSB coincides with the development of a tail like feature in the measured bias triangles and occurs when the Zeeman energy of the polarized triplet equals the exchange energy in the (0, 2) charge configuration. In Si quantum dots, these fields are experimentally accessible; thus, this work suggests a way to observe a crossover in magnetic field to qualitatively different behavior. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Perron, Justin K.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Phys, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. [Perron, Justin K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perron, Justin K.; Stewart, M. D., Jr.; Zimmerman, Neil M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Perron, JK (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Phys, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA.; Perron, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Perron, JK; Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jperron@csusm.edu; Neil.Zimmerman@nist.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 13 AR 134307 DI 10.1063/1.4945393 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DJ4BK UT WOS:000374150200020 ER PT J AU Tarling, GA Hill, S Peat, H Fielding, S Reiss, C Atkinson, A AF Tarling, G. A. Hill, S. Peat, H. Fielding, S. Reiss, C. Atkinson, A. TI Growth and shrinkage in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is sex-dependent SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Population dynamics; Production; Life cycle; Fishery ID SOUTH GEORGIA; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; MODELING GROWTH; BODY SHRINKAGE; FREQUENCY DATA; LIPID-CONTENT; LARVAL KRILL; DANA; AGE; LENGTH AB The ability of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana to withstand the overwintering period is critical to their success. Laboratory evidence suggests that krill may shrink in body length during this time in response to the low availability of food. Nevertheless, verification that krill can shrink in the natural environment is lacking because winter data are difficult to obtain. One of the few sources of winter krill population data is from commercial vessels. We examined length-frequency data of adult krill (> 35 mm total body length) obtained from commercial vessels in the Scotia-Weddell region and compared our results with those obtained from a combination of science and commercial sampling operations carried out in this region at other times of the year. Our analyses revealed body-length shrinkage in adult females but not males during winter, based on both the tracking of modal size classes over seasons and sex-ratio patterns. Other explanatory factors, such as differential mortality, immigration and emigration, could not explain the observed differences. The same pattern was also observed at South Georgia and in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Fitted seasonally modulated von Bertalanffy growth functions predicted a pattern of overwintering shrinkage in all body-length classes of females, but only stagnation in growth in males. This shrinkage most likely reflects morphometric changes resulting from the contraction of the ovaries and is not necessarily an outcome of winter hardship. The sex-dependent changes that we observed need to be incorporated into life cycle and population dynamic models of this species, particularly those used in managing the fishery. C1 [Tarling, G. A.; Hill, S.; Peat, H.; Fielding, S.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Reiss, C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Atkinson, A.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP Tarling, GA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM gant@bas.ac.uk RI Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008 NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 7 PY 2016 VL 547 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.3354/meps11634 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DJ5IT UT WOS:000374241200005 ER PT J AU Thompson, AR Hyde, JR Watson, W Chen, DC Guo, LW AF Thompson, Andrew R. Hyde, John R. Watson, William Chen, Dustin C. Guo, Lian W. TI Rockfish assemblage structure and spawning locations in southern California identified through larval sampling SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sebastes; Southern California; Ecosystem based management; Conservation; Biogeography ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; COWCOD SEBASTES-LEVIS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; MARINE RESERVES; BIGHT; ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT; PATTERNS AB Differences in oceanographic conditions over short distances can dramatically affect the distribution of marine organisms over small spatial scales. In southern California, oceanographic conditions vary widely from east to west as the offshore region is impacted by cool, southern flowing California Current water, while the inshore is typically warmer and more productive. We investigated how patterns of distribution and abundance of larval, genetically identified rockfishes related to environmental conditions off southern California, the world's center of rockfish Sebastes spp. species diversity. The rockfish assemblage was dominated by small and short-lived species not typically targeted by recreational or commercial fishing (i.e. shortbelly S. jordani and squarespot S. hopkinsi rockfishes), but also contained moderate abundances of a few larger, targeted species (bank S. rufus and bocaccio S. paucispinis rockfishes). Spawning locations of many species were affected by environmental variability, as abundances of young (0 to 2 d old), targeted larvae were mainly found offshore in the cool, low primary production waters that also were relatively shallow and contained hard substrate. In contrast, untargeted species were more widespread and correlated positively only with hard substrate. Hotspots of species richness and targeted species were high within a large managed region, the Cowcod Conservation Area, indicating that it is effectively protecting important rockfish spawning habitat. This research highlights the need to account for environmental variation in habitat and assemblage structure when conducting marine spatial planning. C1 [Thompson, Andrew R.; Hyde, John R.; Watson, William; Guo, Lian W.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Chen, Dustin C.] Univ San Diego, Dept Environm & Ocean Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Guo, Lian W.] Univ Massachusetts, Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Thompson, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM andrew.thompson@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant FX We express our deep gratitude to the crews of the RVs 'David Star Jordan' and 'New Horizon' for collecting the samples, including, but not limited to, David Ambrose, Noelle Bowlin, Sherri Charter, Dave Griffith, Amy Hays and Sue Manion. We also appreciate the efforts of Amanda Barker, Alice Brown, Brittany Idrizaj, Hannah Scholes, and Aryana Sepassi who helped sort rockfish larvae from the plankton samples. The manuscript was greatly improved by insightful comments from John Field, Kevin Stierhoff and 3 anonymous reviewers. The habitat data used in this study were acquired, processed, archived, and distributed by the Seafloor Mapping Lab of California State University Monterey Bay with help from Carrie Bretz. This work was partially funded by a NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) grant. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD APR 7 PY 2016 VL 547 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps11633 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DJ5IT UT WOS:000374241200013 ER PT J AU Syzranov, SV Ostrovsky, PM Gurarie, V Radzihovsky, L AF Syzranov, S. V. Ostrovsky, P. M. Gurarie, V. Radzihovsky, L. TI Critical exponents at the unconventional disorder-driven transition in a Weyl semimetal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROSS-NEVEU MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; BETA-FUNCTION; DEGENERATE SEMICONDUCTORS; FERMION SEMIMETAL; ARCS AB Disordered noninteracting systems in sufficiently high dimensions have been predicted to display a non-Anderson disorder-driven transition that manifests itself in the critical behavior of the density of states and other physical observables. Recently, the critical properties of this transition have been extensively studied for the specific case of Weyl semimetals by means of numerical and renormalisation-group approaches. Despite this, the values of the critical exponents at such a transition in a Weyl semimetal are currently under debate. We present an independent calculation of the critical exponents using a two-loop renormalization-group approach for Weyl fermions in 2 - epsilon dimensions and resolve controversies currently existing in the literature. C1 [Syzranov, S. V.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, S. V.; Gurarie, V.; Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ostrovsky, P. M.] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ostrovsky, P. M.] RAS, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Radzihovsky, L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Syzranov, SV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Syzranov, SV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; NSF [DMR-1001240, DMR-1205303, PHY-1211914, PHY-1125844]; Simons Foundation FX We appreciate useful discussions with A. W. W. Ludwig. Our work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship (S.V.S.) and by the NSF grants DMR-1001240 (L.R. and S.V.S.), DMR-1205303(V.G. and S.V.S.), PHY-1211914 (V.G. and S.V.S.), and PHY-1125844 (S.V.S.). L.R. also acknowledges support by the Simons Investigator award from the Simons Foundation. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 7 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 15 AR 155113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.155113 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DI5WD UT WOS:000373570300002 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, JL Hickstein, DD AF Chaloupka, Jan L. Hickstein, Daniel D. TI Dynamics of Strong-Field Double Ionization in Two-Color Counterrotating Fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; HELIUM; POLARIZATION; DIFFRACTION AB The double ionization of helium in bichromatic, circularly polarized intense laser fields is analyzed with a classical ensemble approach. It is found that counterrotating fields produce significant nonsequential double-ion yield and drive novel ionization dynamics. It is shown that distinct pathways to ionization can be modified by altering the relative intensities of the two colors, allowing for unique control of strong-field processes. Electrons are observed to return to the ion at different angles from the angle of ionization, opening new possibilities for probing electronic and molecular structure on the ultrafast time scale. C1 [Chaloupka, Jan L.] Univ No Colorado, Dept Phys & Astron, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chaloupka, JL (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Dept Phys & Astron, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences program FX The work presented here represents an important departure from typical strong-field double-ionization phenomena. The electron trajectories driven by two-color counterrotating fields are complex and their shape varies significantly depending on the makeup of the driving field. The resulting electron momenta are spread throughout the transverse plane, enabling sophisticated analysis of both the tunnel ionization and rescattering processes. The angle of electron impact is shown to be very different from the angle of release, and the excursion time exhibits a remarkable diversity, from subcycle to single-cycle to multicycle time scales. Understanding the details of this behavior represents a significant opportunity for future theoretical and experimental study, and provides a promising avenue for the tunable control of strong-field processes. We are grateful for helpful discussions with Margaret Murnane, Henry Kapteyn, Chris Mancuso, Jennifer Ellis, Franklin Dollar, and Kevin Dorney. D. H. acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Atomic Molecular and Optical Sciences program. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 14 AR 143005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.143005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI6CT UT WOS:000373587500008 PM 27104705 ER PT J AU Hung, L Guedj, C Bernier, N Blaise, P Olevano, V Sottile, F AF Hung, L. Guedj, C. Bernier, N. Blaise, P. Olevano, V. Sottile, F. TI Interpretation of monoclinic hafnia valence electron energy-loss spectra by time-dependent density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; SILICON; SYSTEMS; HFO2; SI AB We present the valence electron energy-loss spectrum and the dielectric function of monoclinic hafnia (m-HfO2) obtained from time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) predictions and compared to energy-filtered spectroscopic imaging measurements in a high-resolution transmission-electron microscope. Fermi's golden rule density-functional theory (DFT) calculations can capture the qualitative features of the energy-loss spectrum, but we find that TDDFT, which accounts for local-field effects, provides nearly quantitative agreement with experiment. Using the DFT density of states and TDDFT dielectric functions, we characterize the excitations that result in the m-HfO2 energy-loss spectrum. The sole plasmon occurs between 13 and 16 eV, although the peaks similar to 28 and above 40 eV are also due to collective excitations. We furthermore elaborate on the first-principles techniques used, their accuracy, and remaining discrepancies among spectra. More specifically, we assess the influence of Hf semicore electrons (5p and 4f) on the energy-loss spectrum, and find that the inclusion of transitions from the 4f band damps the energy-loss intensity in the region above 13 eV. We study the impact of many-body effects in a DFT framework using the adiabatic local-density approximation (ALDA) exchange-correlation kernel, as well as from a many-body perspective using "scissors operators" matched to an ab initio GW calculation to account for self-energy corrections. These results demonstrate some cancellation of errors between self-energy and excitonic effects, even for excitations from the Hf 4f shell. We also simulate the dispersion with increasing momentum transfer for plasmon and collective excitation peaks. C1 [Hung, L.; Sottile, F.] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Lab Solides Irradies,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hung, L.; Blaise, P.; Olevano, V.; Sottile, F.] ETSF, Liege, Belgium. [Guedj, C.; Bernier, N.; Blaise, P.; Olevano, V.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Guedj, C.; Bernier, N.; Blaise, P.] CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Olevano, V.] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Hung, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hung, L (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Lab Solides Irradies,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.; Hung, L (reprint author), ETSF, Liege, Belgium.; Hung, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU nanocharacterization platform (PFNC) FX We acknowledge support from the nanocharacterization platform (PFNC) (http://www.minatec.org/pfnc-plateforme-nanocaracterisation) for experiment. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of IDRIS under the allocations 2015096-655 and -544 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 16 AR 165105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.165105 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DI5WS UT WOS:000373571800003 ER PT J AU Harder, G Bartley, TJ Lita, AE Nam, SW Gerrits, T Silberhorn, C AF Harder, Georg Bartley, Tim J. Lita, Adriana E. Nam, Sae Woo Gerrits, Thomas Silberhorn, Christine TI Single-Mode Parametric-Down-Conversion States with 50 Photons as a Source for Mesoscopic Quantum Optics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUMBER-RESOLVING DETECTORS; KTP WAVE-GUIDES; TWIN BEAMS; EFFICIENCY; LIGHT; ENTANGLEMENT; GENERATION; MECHANICS; CRYSTALS; PULSES AB We generate pulsed, two-mode squeezed states in a single spatiotemporal mode with mean photon numbers up to 20. We directly measure photon-number correlations between the two modes with transition edge sensors up to 80 photons per mode. This corresponds roughly to a state dimensionality of 6400. We achieve detection efficiencies of 64% in the technologically crucial telecom regime and demonstrate the high quality of our measurements by heralded nonclassical distributions up to 50 photons per pulse and calculated correlation functions up to 40th order. C1 [Harder, Georg; Bartley, Tim J.; Silberhorn, Christine] Univ Paderborn, Integrated Quantum Opt Grp, Appl Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Bartley, Tim J.; Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo; Gerrits, Thomas] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harder, G (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Integrated Quantum Opt Grp, Appl Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM georg.harder@uni-paderborn.de FU Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [TRR142]; Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Preis FX This work was supported by the Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via TRR142 and via the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Preis. T. J. B. acknowledges funding from the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD), and L. K. Shalm for discussions. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 14 AR 143601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.143601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI6CS UT WOS:000373587400005 ER PT J AU Du, ZM Domanski, PA Payne, WV AF Du, Zhimin Domanski, Piotr A. Payne, W. Vance TI Effect of common faults on the performance of different types of vapor compression systems SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Diagnostic efficiency; Fault detection; Fault diagnosis; Normalized fault effect; Vapor compression system ID AIR-HANDLING UNITS; VAV TERMINALS; DIAGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY; EQUIPMENT; CHILLERS; CHARGE; IMPACT; FLOW AB The effect of faults on the cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and sensible heat ratio, was analyzed and compared for five split and rooftop systems, which use different types of expansion devices, compressors and refrigerants. The study applied multivariable polynomial and normalized performance models, which were developed for the studied systems for both fault-free and faulty conditions based on measurements obtained in a laboratory under controlled conditions. The analysis indicated differences in responses and trends between the studied systems, which underscores the challenge to devise a universal FDD algorithm for all vapor compression systems and the difficulty to develop a methodology for rating the performance of different FDD algorithms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Du, Zhimin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Du, Zhimin; Domanski, Piotr A.; Payne, W. Vance] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 98 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.108 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA DJ0AE UT WOS:000373863000006 PM 26929732 ER PT J AU Xiang, FM Parviz, D Givens, TM Tzeng, P Davis, EM Stafford, CM Green, MJ Grunlan, JC AF Xiang, Fangming Parviz, Dorsa Givens, Tara M. Tzeng, Ping Davis, Eric M. Stafford, Christopher M. Green, Micah J. Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Stiff and Transparent Multilayer Thin Films Prepared Through Hydrogen-Bonding Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Graphene and Polymer SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE elastic modulus; graphene; hydrogen bonding; layer-by-layer assembly; light transmittance ID FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; OXYGEN BARRIER; GAS BARRIER; NANOCOMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; DISPERSIONS; SHEETS; COMPOSITES AB Due to their exceptional orientation of 2D nanofillers, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled polymer/graphene oxide thin films exhibit unmatched mechanical performance relative to any conventionally produced counterparts with similar composition. Unprecedented mechanical property improvement, by replacing graphene oxide with pristine graphene, is demonstrated in this work. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized graphene platelets are alternately deposited with poly(acrylic acid) using hydrogen bonding assisted LbL assembly. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and the Halpin-Tsai model are used to demonstrate, for the first time, that intact graphene can be processed from water to generate polymer nanocomposite thin films with simultaneous parallel-alignment, high packing density, and exfoliation. A multilayer thin film with only 3.9 vol% of highly exfoliated, and structurally intact graphene, increases the elastic modulus (E) of a polymer multilayer thin film by 322% (from 1.41 to 4.81 GPa), while maintaining visible light transmittance of approximate to 90%. This is one of the greatest improvements in elastic modulus ever reported for a graphene-filled polymer nanocomposite with a glassy (E > 1 GPa) matrix. The technique described here provides a powerful new tool to improve nanocomposite properties (mechanical, gas transport, etc.) that can be universally applied to a variety of polymer matrices and 2D nanoplatelets. C1 [Xiang, Fangming; Givens, Tara M.; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Parviz, Dorsa; Tzeng, Ping; Green, Micah J.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Davis, Eric M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiang, Fangming] Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Davis, Eric M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Grunlan, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jgrunlan@tamu.edu RI Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016; Xiang, Fangming/L-4289-2014 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741; Xiang, Fangming/0000-0002-2022-8163 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 33 U2 95 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2143 EP 2149 DI 10.1002/adfm.201504758 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DI8FX UT WOS:000373738000010 ER PT J AU Adams, PD Aertgeerts, K Bauer, C Bell, JA Berman, HM Bhat, TN Blaney, JM Bolton, E Bricogne, G Brown, D Burley, SK Case, DA Clark, KL Darden, T Emsley, P Feher, VA Feng, ZK Groom, CR Harris, SF Hendle, J Holder, T Joachimiak, A Kleywegt, GJ Krojer, T Marcotrigiano, J Mark, AE Markley, JL Miller, M Minor, W Montelione, GT Murshudov, G Nakagawa, A Nakamura, H Nicholls, A Nicklaus, M Nolte, RT Padyana, AK Peishoff, CE Pieniazek, S Read, RJ Shao, CH Sheriff, S Smart, O Soisson, S Spurlino, J Stouch, T Svobodova, R Tempel, W Terwilliger, TC Tronrud, D Velankar, S Ward, SC Warren, GL Westbrook, JD Williams, P Yang, HW Young, J AF Adams, Paul D. Aertgeerts, Kathleen Bauer, Cary Bell, Jeffrey A. Berman, Helen M. Bhat, Talapady N. Blaney, Jeff M. Bolton, Evan Bricogne, Gerard Brown, David Burley, Stephen K. Case, David A. Clark, Kirk L. Darden, Tom Emsley, Paul Feher, Victoria A. Feng, Zukang Groom, Colin R. Harris, Seth F. Hendle, Jorg Holder, Thomas Joachimiak, Andrzej Kleywegt, Gerard J. Krojer, Tobias Marcotrigiano, Joseph Mark, Alan E. Markley, John L. Miller, Matthew Minor, Wladek Montelione, Gaetano T. Murshudov, Garib Nakagawa, Atsushi Nakamura, Haruki Nicholls, Anthony Nicklaus, Marc Nolte, Robert T. Padyana, Anil K. Peishoff, Catherine E. Pieniazek, Susan Read, Randy J. Shao, Chenghua Sheriff, Steven Smart, Oliver Soisson, Stephen Spurlino, John Stouch, Terry Svobodova, Radka Tempel, Wolfram Terwilliger, Thomas C. Tronrud, Dale Velankar, Sameer Ward, Suzanna C. Warren, Gregory L. Westbrook, John D. Williams, Pamela Yang, Huanwang Young, Jasmine TI Outcome of the First wwPDB/CCDC/D3R Ligand Validation Workshop SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DATA-BANK; CAMBRIDGE STRUCTURAL DATABASE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; TASK-FORCE; INFORMATION; MACROMOLECULES; GENERATION; MOLECULES; TOOLS; PDB AB Crystallographic studies of ligands bound to biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) represent an important source of information concerning drug-target interactions, providing atomic level insights into the physical chemistry of complex formation between macromolecules and ligands. Of the more than 115,000 entries extant in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive, similar to 75% include at least one non-polymeric ligand. Ligand geometrical and stereochemical quality, the suitability of ligand models for in silico drug discovery and design, and the goodness-of-fit of ligand models to electron-density maps vary widely across the archive. We describe the proceedings and conclusions from the first Worldwide PDB/Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center/Drug Design Data Resource (wwPDB/CCDC/D3R) Ligand Validation Workshop held at the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics at Rutgers University on July 30-31, 2015. Experts in protein crystallography from academe and industry came together with non-profit and for-profit software providers for crystallography and with experts in computational chemistry and data archiving to discuss and make recommendations on best practices, as framed by a series of questions central to structural studies of macromolecule-ligand complexes. What data concerning bound ligands should be archived in the PDB? How should the ligands be best represented? How should structural models of macromolecule-ligand complexes be validated? What supplementary information should accompany publications of structural studies of biological macromolecules? Consensus recommendations on best practices developed in response to each of these questions are provided, together with some details regarding implementation. Important issues addressed but not resolved at the workshop are also enumerated. C1 [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Biophys & Integrated Bioimaging Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aertgeerts, Kathleen] LLC, DART NeuroSci, San Diego, CA 92131 USA. [Bauer, Cary] Bruker AXS Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Bell, Jeffrey A.; Holder, Thomas] Schrodinger Inc, New York, NY 10036 USA. [Berman, Helen M.; Burley, Stephen K.; Feng, Zukang; Shao, Chenghua; Westbrook, John D.; Yang, Huanwang; Young, Jasmine] State Univ New Jersey, Ctr Integrat Prote Res, Res Collaboratory Struct Bioinformat Prot D, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Berman, Helen M.; Burley, Stephen K.; Feng, Zukang; Marcotrigiano, Joseph; Westbrook, John D.; Yang, Huanwang; Young, Jasmine] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Chem & Chem Biol Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Bhat, Talapady N.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blaney, Jeff M.; Harris, Seth F.] South San Francisco, Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Bolton, Evan] US Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Bricogne, Gerard] Global Phasing Ltd, Cambridge CB3 0AX, England. [Brown, David] Charles River Ltd, Struct Biol & Biophys, Cambridge CB10 1XL, England. [Burley, Stephen K.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomputer Ctr, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Clark, Kirk L.] Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Darden, Tom] OpenEye Sci, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Emsley, Paul; Nicholls, Anthony; Warren, Gregory L.] MRC Lab Mol Biol, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England. [Feher, Victoria A.; Murshudov, Garib] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, Drug Design Data Resource, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Groom, Colin R.] Cambridge Crystallog Data Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, England. [Hendle, Jorg; Ward, Suzanna C.] Lilly Biotechnol Ctr, Structural Biol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci, Structural Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kleywegt, Gerard J.] European Bioinformat Inst, European Mol Biol Lab, Protein Data Bank Europe, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Krojer, Tobias; Velankar, Sameer] Univ Oxford, Structural Genom Consortium, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. [Marcotrigiano, Joseph; Montelione, Gaetano T.; Smart, Oliver] State Univ New Jersey, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Mark, Alan E.; Miller, Matthew] Univ Queensland, Sch Chem & Mol Biosci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Markley, John L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, BioMagResBank, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Minor, Wladek] Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Montelione, Gaetano T.] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Nakagawa, Atsushi; Nakamura, Haruki] Osaka Univ, Inst Prot Res, Protein Data Bank Japan, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Nicklaus, Marc] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Res, Computer Aided Drug Design Grp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Nolte, Robert T.; Peishoff, Catherine E.] Collegeville, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Padyana, Anil K.] Agios Pharmaceut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pieniazek, Susan] Bristol Myers Squibb Res & Dev, Pennington, NJ 08534 USA. [Read, Randy J.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [Soisson, Stephen] Bristol Myers Squibb Res & Dev, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Soisson, Stephen] Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA 19486 USA. [Spurlino, John] Janssen Pharmaceut Inc, Spring House, PA 19002 USA. [Stouch, Terry] Sci Solut LLC, West Windsor, NJ 08550 USA. [Svobodova, Radka] Masaryk Univ, Natl Ctr Biomol Res, CEITEC Cent European Inst Technol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Tempel, Wolfram] Univ Toronto, Structural Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G IL7, Canada. [Terwilliger, Thomas C.] Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tronrud, Dale] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Williams, Pamela] Atex Pharmaceut, Cambridge CB4 0QA, England. RP Burley, SK (reprint author), State Univ New Jersey, Ctr Integrat Prote Res, Res Collaboratory Struct Bioinformat Prot D, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.; Burley, SK (reprint author), State Univ New Jersey, Dept Chem & Chem Biol Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.; Burley, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomputer Ctr, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Feher, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, Drug Design Data Resource, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Groom, CR (reprint author), Cambridge Crystallog Data Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, England. EM stephen.burley@rcsb.org; vfeher@ucsd.edu; groom@ccdc.cam.ac.uk RI Svobodova Varekova, Radka/E-2867-2012; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Marcotrigiano, Joseph /K-6697-2016; Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Mark, Alan/A-8799-2011; OI Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Marcotrigiano, Joseph /0000-0003-0346-3353; Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Mark, Alan/0000-0001-5880-4798; Smart, Oliver/0000-0002-9669-1998; Kleywegt, Gerard J./0000-0002-4670-0331; Velankar, Sameer/0000-0002-8439-5964; Nicklaus, Marc/0000-0002-4775-7030 FU National Science Foundation [DBI 1338415]; Wellcome Trust [104948]; JST-NBDC; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM109046, GM111528] FX The workshop was supported by funding to RCSB PDB by the National Science Foundation (DBI 1338415); PDBe by the Wellcome Trust (104948); PDBj by JST-NBDC; BMRB by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM109046); D3R by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM111528); registration fees from industrial participants; and a tax-deductible donation to the wwPDB Foundation by the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 EI 1878-4186 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD APR 5 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 4 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.str.2016.02.017 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA DI5VN UT WOS:000373568700005 PM 27050687 ER PT J AU Loh, W Becker, J Cole, DC Coillet, A Baynes, FN Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Loh, William Becker, Joe Cole, Daniel C. Coillet, Aurelien Baynes, Fred N. Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI A microrod-resonator Brillouin laser with 240Hz absolute linewidth SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microresonators; lasers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; narrow linewidth ID MICRORESONATOR FREQUENCY COMBS; FIBER LASER; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; MICROCAVITY; CHIP; GENERATION; SILICON AB We demonstrate an ultralow-noise microrod-resonator based laser that oscillates on the gain supplied by the stimulated Brillouin scattering optical nonlinearity. Microresonator Brillouin lasers are known to offer an outstanding frequency noise floor, which is limited by fundamental thermal fluctuations. Here, we show experimental evidence that thermal effects also dominate the close-to-carrier frequency fluctuations. The 6 mm diameter microrod resonator used in our experiments has a large optical mode area of similar to 100 mu m(2), and hence its 10 ms thermal time constant filters the close-to-carrier optical frequency noise. The result is an absolute laser linewidth of 240 Hz with a corresponding white-frequency noise floor of 0.1 Hz(2) Hz(-1). We explain the steady-state performance of this laser by measurements of its operation state and of its mode detuning and lineshape. Our results highlight a mechanism for noise that is common to many microresonator devices due to the inherent coupling between intracavity power and mode frequency. We demonstrate the ability to reduce this noise through a feedback loop that stabilizes the intracavity power. C1 [Loh, William; Becker, Joe; Cole, Daniel C.; Coillet, Aurelien; Baynes, Fred N.; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Loh, W (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM William.Loh@nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA PULSE Program; NRC/NAS; NSF GRFP [DGE 1144083] FX We thank Dr Marco Schioppo, Dr Gabe Ycas, and Professor Kerry J Vahala for their valuable comments on this manuscript. This work was funded by NIST and the DARPA PULSE Program. WL acknowledges support from the NRC/NAS. DC acknowledges support from the NSF GRFP under Grant No. DGE 1144083. This work is a contribution of the US Government and is not subject to copyright in the US. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 4 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 045001 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/4/045001 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DL2NN UT WOS:000375472200001 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Davis, R Uddin, N Nyden, M Rabb, SA AF Kim, Yeon Seok Davis, Rick Uddin, Nasir Nyden, Marc Rabb, Savelas A. TI Quantification of nanoparticle release from polymer nanocomposite coatings due to environmental stressing SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE simulated chewing; ICP-OES; UV-Vis; Engineered nanoparticle; simulated wear and tear; layer-by-layer assembly ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; POLYURETHANE FOAM FLAMMABILITY; FILLED COATINGS; REDUCE; NANOARCHITECTURES; PURIFICATION; NANOCOATINGS; DISPERSIONS; COMPOSITES; ASSEMBLIES AB Certain engineered nanoparticles (ENP) reduce the flammability of components used in soft furnishings (mattresses and upholstered furniture). However, because of the ENP's small size and ability to interact with biological molecules, these fire retardant ENPs may pose a health and environmental risks, if they are released sometime during the life cycle of the soft furnishing. Quantifying the released amount of these ENPs under normal end-use circumstances provides a basis for assessing their potential health and environmental impact. In this article, we report on efforts to identify suitable methodologies for quantifying the release of carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and sodium montmorillonites from coatings applied to the surfaces of barrier fabric and polyurethane foam. The ENPs released in simulated chewing and mechanical stressing experiments were collected in aqueous solution and quantified using Ultraviolet-Visible and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The microstructures of the released ENPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The reported methodology and results provide important milestones to estimate the impact and toxicity of the ENP release during the life cycle of the nanocomposites. To our knowledge, this is the first study of ENP release from the soft furnishing coating, something that can be important application area for fire safety. C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Davis, Rick; Uddin, Nasir; Nyden, Marc; Rabb, Savelas A.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yeonkim@nist.gov FU Consumer Product Safety Commission FX This work was partially supported by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD APR 2 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1116696 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DE2VW UT WOS:000370486300006 PM 26647208 ER PT J AU Marvel, JA Bostelman, R AF Marvel, Jeremy A. Bostelman, Roger TI Test Methods for the Evaluation of Manufacturing Mobile Manipulator Safety SO JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE mobile manipulators; AGV safety; robot safety AB This paper presents a test methodology for evaluating the safety of mobile manipulators (robot arms mounted on mobile bases). This methodology addresses the safety concerns relevant to modern, agile, manufacturing practices in which mobile manipulators will play a significant role. We consider 1) the unique capabilities and anticipated uses of mobile manipulators and 2) the potential exemptions and special cases in which their behavior may be unpredictable or otherwise contrary to the safety requirements. Finally, we define metrics for assessing compliance with functional safety requirements and anticipated performance. C1 [Marvel, Jeremy A.; Bostelman, Roger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Univ Bourgogne, IEM, Le2i, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov; roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FUJI TECHNOLOGY PRESS LTD PI TOKYO PA 4F TORANOMON SANGYO BLDG, 2-29, TORANOMON 1-CHOME, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0001, JAPAN SN 0915-3942 EI 1883-8049 J9 J ROBOT MECHATRON JI J. Robot. Mechatron. PD APR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 BP 199 EP 214 PG 16 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA EJ8DH UT WOS:000393454500012 ER PT J AU Ding, YN Carton, JA Chepurin, GA Steele, M Hakkinen, S AF Ding, Yanni Carton, James A. Chepurin, Gennady A. Steele, Michael Hakkinen, Sirpa TI Seasonal heat and freshwater cycles in the Arctic Ocean in CMIP5 coupled models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATE; ICE; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; ATLANTIC; REGIMES; SYSTEM AB This study examines the processes governing the seasonal response of the Arctic Ocean and sea ice to surface forcings as they appear in historical simulations of 14 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 coupled climate models. In both models and observations, the seasonal heat budget is dominated by a local balance between net surface heating and storage in the heat content of the ocean and in melting/freezing of sea ice. Observations suggest ocean heat storage is more important than sea ice melt, while in most of these models, sea ice melt dominates. Seasonal horizontal heat flux divergence driven by the seasonal cycle of volume transport is only important locally. In models and observations, the dominant terms in the basin-average seasonal freshwater budget are the storages of freshwater between the ocean and sea ice, and the exchange between the two. The largest external source term is continental discharge in early summer, which is an order of magnitude smaller. The appearance of sea ice (extent and volume) and also ocean stratification in both the heat and freshwater budgets provides two links between the budgets and provides two mechanisms for feedback. One consequence of such an interaction is the fact that models with strong/weak seasonal surface heating also have strong/weak seasonal haline and temperature stratification. C1 [Ding, Yanni; Carton, James A.; Chepurin, Gennady A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Steele, Michael] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hakkinen, Sirpa] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Carton, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM carton@atmos.umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE1233942]; NSF [OCE1233255]; Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) FX Y.D., G.A.C., and J.A.C. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (OCE1233942). Support for M.S. was provided by NSF grant OCE1233255. We thank the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (www-pcmdi.llnl.gov) provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for providing output from the two GFDL-ESM models used here. We thank the ECMWF, NSIDC, and PSC teams for the ERA-40 atmospheric fluxes, sea ice extent, PHC3.0 ocean climatology, and PIOMAS sea ice volume data. ERA-40 data were downloaded from http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/era40-moda/in 2014. The sea ice extent was downloaded from http://nsidc.org/data/on February 2014. The PHC3.0 ocean climatology was downloaded from http://psc.apl.washington.edu/nonwp_projects/PHC/ on October 2013. The PIOMAS data were downloaded from http://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/da ta/on May 2015. We thank the support from Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2043 EP 2057 DI 10.1002/2015JC011124 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2HA UT WOS:000383462300001 ER PT J AU Dmitrenko, IA Kirillov, SA Forest, A Gratton, Y Volkov, DL Williams, WJ Lukovich, JV Belanger, C Barber, DG AF Dmitrenko, Igor A. Kirillov, Sergei A. Forest, Alexandre Gratton, Yves Volkov, Denis L. Williams, William J. Lukovich, Jennifer V. Belanger, Claude Barber, David G. TI Shelfbreak current over the Canadian Beaufort Sea continental slope: Wind-driven events in January 2005 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN SURFACE; HALOCLINE WATERS; MACKENZIE SHELF; PACIFIC WATER; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; BASIN; CIRCULATION; WINTER; GRACE AB The shelfbreak current over the Beaufort Sea continental slope is known to be one of the most energetic features of the Beaufort Sea hydrography. In January 2005, three oceanographic moorings deployed over the Canadian (eastern) Beaufort Sea continental slope simultaneously recorded two consecutive shelfbreak current events with along-slope eastward bottom-intensified flow up to 120 cm s(-1). Both events were generated by the local wind forcing associated with two Pacific-born cyclones passing north of the Beaufort Sea continental slope toward the Canadian Archipelago. Over the mooring array, the associated westerly wind exceeded 15 m s(-1). These two cyclones generated storm surges along the Beaufort Sea coast with sea surface height (SSH) rising up to 1.4 m following the two westerly wind maxima. We suggest that the westerly along-slope wind generated a surface Ekman onshore transport. The associated SSH increase over the shelf produced a cross-slope pressure gradient that drove an along-slope eastward geostrophic current, in the same direction as the wind. This wind-driven barotropic flow was superimposed on the background baroclinic bottom-intensified shelfbreak current that consequently amplified. Summer-fall satellite altimetry data for 1992-2013 show that the SSH gradient in the southeastern Beaufort Sea is enhanced over the upper continental slope in response to frequent storm surge events. Because the local wind forcing and/or sea-ice drift could not explain the reduction of sea-ice concentration over the Beaufort Sea continental slope in January 2005, we speculate that wind-driven sea level fluctuations may impact the sea-ice cover in winter. C1 [Dmitrenko, Igor A.; Kirillov, Sergei A.; Lukovich, Jennifer V.; Barber, David G.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Forest, Alexandre] Golder Associates, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Gratton, Yves; Belanger, Claude] Inst Natl Rech Sci Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, William J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Dmitrenko, IA (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. EM igor.dmitrenko@umanitoba.ca RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011; OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502; Forest, Alexandre/0000-0001-9002-947X FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2014-03606]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; CNES FX The data used for this research were collected under the ArcticNet framework, project Long-Term Oceanic Observatories in the Canadian Arctic. We gratefully acknowledge the support by the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) and the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) programs. This work is a contribution to the joint Canadian-Danish-Greenland ASP cooperation. The research was also partly supported by National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, grant RGPIN-2014-03606) and the base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The CTD and velocity data are available through the Polar Data Catalogue at https://www.polardata.ca/pdcsearch/, CCIN Reference #11653 and #11792. The SSH data were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso (www.aviso.oceanobs.com) with support from CNES. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2447 EP 2468 DI 10.1002/2015JC011514 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DW2HA UT WOS:000383462300020 ER PT J AU Fedchak, JA Scherschligt, J Sefa, M AF Fedchak, James A. Scherschligt, Julia Sefa, Makfir TI How to Build a Vacuum Spring-transport Package for Spinning Rotor Gauges SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Engineering; Issue 110; Spinning Rotor Gauge; Spring-Transport Mechanism; High-Vacuum Calibrations; Vacuum Metrology; Key Comparison; Vacuum Gauge; Gauge Stability AB The spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is a high-vacuum gauge often used as a secondary or transfer standard for vacuum pressures in the range of 1.0 x 10(-4) Pa to 1.0 Pa. In this application, the SRGs are frequently transported to laboratories for calibration. Events can occur during transportation that change the rotor surface conditions, thus changing the calibration factor. To assure calibration stability, a spring-transport mechanism is often used to immobilize the rotor and keep it under vacuum during transport. It is also important to transport the spring-transport mechanism using packaging designed to minimize the risk of damage during shipping. In this manuscript, a detailed description is given on how to build a robust spring-transport mechanism and shipping container. Together these form a spring-transport package. The spring-transport package design was tested using drop-tests and the performance was found to be excellent. The present spring-transport mechanism design keeps the rotor immobilized when experiencing shocks of several hundred g (g = 9.8 m/sec(2) and is the acceleration due to gravity), while the shipping container assures that the mechanism will not experience shocks greater than about 100 g during common shipping mishaps (as defined by industry standards). C1 [Fedchak, James A.; Scherschligt, Julia; Sefa, Makfir] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fedchak, JA (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.fedchak@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD APR PY 2016 IS 110 AR e53937 DI 10.3791/53937 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR9ZX UT WOS:000380256000065 PM 27078575 ER PT J AU Chan, PW Zhang, P Doviak, R AF Chan, P. W. Zhang, P. Doviak, R. TI Calculation and application of eddy dissipation rate map based on spectrum width data of a S-band radar in Hong Kong SO MAUSAM LA English DT Article DE Weather radar; Eddy dissipation rate; Severe turbulence ID DOPPLER LIDAR; TURBULENCE AB The spectrum width data of an S-band radar in Hong Kong are used to calculate the map of eddy dissipation rate (EDR) with the objective of providing turbulence alerting service for the en-route aircraft in the Pearl River Delta region. The calculation methodology is different from that reported in the existing literature by also removing the wind shear contribution in determining the radar-based EDR. The performance of the EDR maps obtained from the conical scans of the radar is illustrated in two examples of moderate to severe turbulence reported by the aircraft. In both cases, based on the EDR values and windshear hazard factors determined from the aircraft data, the airflow disturbances could adversely affect the operation of the aircraft. By overlaying the flight route on the radar's reflectivity imageries, it appears that, in both cases, the disturbed airflow is associated with rather intense rain cells, though they are rather small and isolated. The EDR values calculated from the radar's spectrum width data at the locations of the rain cells are generally consistent with those determined using the aircraft's wind measurements. From the selected cases, it seems that the radar-based EDR values have generally satisfactory quality. If such data could be available at the cockpit through data uplinking, they could be useful hints for the pilots not to fly through the rain cells but rather going around them. The methodology may be applied to the radars in the Pearl River Delta region in order to construct a three-dimensional mosaic of turbulence intensity for the assurance of aviation safety. C1 [Chan, P. W.] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, P.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Doviak, R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Chan, PW (reprint author), Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM pwchan@hko.gov.hk RI Chan, Pak Wai/C-8447-2011 OI Chan, Pak Wai/0000-0003-2289-0609 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPT PI NEW DELHI PA MAUSAM BHAWAN, LODI RD, NEW DELHI, 110 003, INDIA SN 0252-9416 J9 MAUSAM JI Mausam PD APR PY 2016 VL 67 IS 2 BP 411 EP 422 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS0PI UT WOS:000380298800008 ER PT J AU Berkelhammer, M Noone, DC Steen-Larsen, HC Bailey, A Cox, CJ O'Neill, MS Schneider, D Steffen, K White, JWC AF Berkelhammer, Max Noone, David C. Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian Bailey, Adriana Cox, Christopher J. O'Neill, Michael S. Schneider, David Steffen, Konrad White, James W. C. TI Surface-atmosphere decoupling limits accumulation at Summit, Greenland SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ICE-SHEET; SNOW ACCUMULATION; WATER-VAPOR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; ANTARCTIC PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE AB Despite rapid melting in the coastal regions of the Greenland Ice Sheet, a significant area (similar to 40%) of the ice sheet rarely experiences surface melting. In these regions, the controls on annual accumulation are poorly constrained owing to surface conditions (for example, surface clouds, blowing snow, and surface inversions), which render moisture flux estimates from myriad approaches (that is, eddy covariance, remote sensing, and direct observations) highly uncertain. Accumulation is partially determined by the temperature dependence of saturation vapor pressure, which influences the maximum humidity of air parcels reaching the ice sheet interior. However, independent proxies for surface temperature and accumulation from ice cores show that the response of accumulation to temperature is variable and not generally consistent with a purely thermodynamic control. Using three years of stable water vapor isotope profiles from a high altitude site on the Greenland Ice Sheet, we show that as the boundary layer becomes increasingly stable, a decoupling between the ice sheet and atmosphere occurs. The limited interaction between the ice sheet surface and free tropospheric air reduces the capacity for surface condensation to achieve the rate set by the humidity of the air parcels reaching interior Greenland. The isolation of the surface also acts to recycle sublimated moisture by recondensing it onto fog particles, which returns the moisture back to the surface through gravitational settling. The observations highlight a unique mechanism by which ice sheet mass is conserved, which has implications for understanding both past and future changes in accumulation rate and the isotopic signal in ice cores from Greenland. C1 [Berkelhammer, Max] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Berkelhammer, Max; Noone, David C.; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian; Bailey, Adriana; Cox, Christopher J.; O'Neill, Michael S.; Schneider, David; Steffen, Konrad] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berkelhammer, Max; Noone, David C.; Bailey, Adriana; Cox, Christopher J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noone, David C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian] UMR CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL 8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Ice & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bailey, Adriana] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cox, Christopher J.; O'Neill, Michael S.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schneider, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Berkelhammer, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.; Berkelhammer, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Berkelhammer, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM berkelha@uic.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian/F-9927-2013; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian/0000-0002-7202-5907; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD APR PY 2016 VL 2 IS 4 AR e1501704 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1501704 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DR7IB UT WOS:000380072100033 PM 27386509 ER PT J AU Denton, RE Takahashi, K Amoh, J Singer, HJ AF Denton, R. E. Takahashi, Kazue Amoh, Justice, Jr. Singer, H. J. TI Mass density at geostationary orbit and apparent mass refilling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID O PLUS CONCENTRATION; ELECTRON-DENSITIES; MAGNETOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; WAVES; STORM; MODEL AB We used the inferred equatorial mass density rho(m,eq) based on measurements of Alfven wave frequencies measured by the GOES satellites during 1980-1991 in order to construct a number of different models of varying complexity for the equatorial mass density at geostationary orbit. The most complicated models are able to account for 66% of the variance with a typical variation from actual values of a factor of 1.56. The factors that influenced rho(m,eq) in the models were, in order of decreasing importance, the F-10.7 EUV index, magnetic local time, the solar wind dynamic pressure P-dyn, the phase of the year, and the solar wind B-Z (GSM Z direction). During some intervals, some of which were especially geomagnetically quiet, rho(m,eq) rose to values that were significantly higher than those predicted by our models. For 10 especially quiet intervals, we examined long-term (>1 day) apparent refilling, the increase in rho(m,eq) at a fixed location. We found that the behavior of rho(m,eq) varies for different events. In some cases, there is significant apparent refilling, whereas in other cases rho(m,eq) stays the same or even decreases slightly. Nevertheless, we showed that on average, rho(m,eq) increases exponentially during quiet intervals. There is variation of apparent refilling with respect to the phase of the solar cycle. On the third day of apparent refilling, rho(m,eq) has on average a similar value at solar maximum or solar minimum, but at solar maximum, rho(m,eq) begins with a larger value and rises relatively less than at solar minimum. C1 [Denton, R. E.; Amoh, Justice, Jr.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Denton, R. E.; Amoh, Justice, Jr.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.; Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu FU NSF [AGS-1105790, AGS-1106427]; NASA [NNX10AQ60G] FX Work at Dartmouth was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790 and NASA grant NNX10AQ60G. Work at JHU APL was supported by NSF grant AGS-1106427. Solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The Kondrashov et al. [2014] database was used to fill in missing values during data gaps (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL059741/full). Values of F10.7 come originally from NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center. Numerical data shown in this paper are available from the lead author upon request. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2962 EP 2975 DI 10.1002/2015JA022167 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300010 ER PT J AU Zabotin, NA Godin, OA Bullett, TW AF Zabotin, Nikolay A. Godin, Oleg A. Bullett, Terence W. TI Oceans are a major source of waves in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE A link between waves in the ocean; and in the thermosphere has been; revealed; Power levels of gravity waves in both; media are significantly correlated; The ocean is an important source of; background thermospheric waves ID TIME DATA ACQUISITION; INFRAGRAVITY WAVES; DEEP-OCEAN; GRAVITY-WAVES; INTERPRETATION CAPABILITIES; SPACED DATA; DYNASONDE AB Recent theoretical analysis by Godin et al. (2015) led to the suggestion that infragravity waves (IGWs, i.e., surface gravity waves in the ocean with periods longer than 30 s) can radiate acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and account for a significant part of the wave activity observed in the thermosphere with periods between about 5min and 3 h. In this paper, we report a strong experimental demonstration of thermospheric waves being driven by the ocean using data from two Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis stations located off the US East Coast and Dynasonde radar system located at Wallops Island, Virginia. Over a 9month observation period, variations of IGW and AGW spectral amplitudes demonstrate large, statistically significant correlation in a broad range of frequencies (0.2-3.2mHz) and altitudes (140-190 km). Peak correlation values (similar to 0.43) indicate that waves radiated by the ocean represent a major constituent of thermospheric wave activity. C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Godin, Oleg A.; Bullett, Terence W.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bullett, Terence W.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM nikolay.zabotin@colorado.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 FU Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program [N000141310348]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program, award N000141310348. Field support of the Wallops Dynasonde operation has been provided, in part, by the staff of the NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. The Dynasonde data are accessible through the project's website (http://surf.colorado.edu) upon request to the authors (N.Z. or T.B.) as well as through NCEI's MIRRION server (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/WI937/). The collection of DART data was performed by NDBC as a part of their standard operations. The authors are grateful to J.W. Wright for comments that led to substantial improvements in presentation and to G. Mungov for help with accessing and preprocessing of the DART data provided by NDBC. We thank L. Zabotina for help with developing tools for graphical display and handling the Dynasonde analysis results. This work utilized the University of Colorado Boulder research computing facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award CNS-0821794). NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3452 EP 3463 DI 10.1002/2016JA022357 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300044 ER PT J AU Negrea, C Zabotin, N Bullett, T Fuller-Rowell, T Fang, TW Codrescu, M AF Negrea, Catalin Zabotin, Nikolay Bullett, Terrence Fuller-Rowell, Tim Fang, Tzu-Wei Codrescu, Mihail TI Characteristics of acoustic gravity waves obtained from Dynasonde data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Characteristics of acoustic gravity; waves at Wallops Island; Comparison with theoretical; dispersion relation; Propagation characteristics of; traveling ionospheric disturbances ID ATMOSPHERE RADAR OBSERVATIONS; UNEVENLY SAMPLED-DATA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; DISSIPATION; MIDDLE AB Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are ubiquitous in the thermosphere-ionosphere and are often assumed to be caused by acoustic gravity waves (AGWs). This study performs an analysis of the TID and AGW activity above Wallops Island, VA, during October 2013. The variations in electron density and ionospheric tilts obtained with the Dynasonde technique are used as primary indicators of wave activity. The temporal and spectral characteristics of the data are discussed in detail, using also results of the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) and the Global Ionosphere Plasmasphere Model (GIP). The full set of propagation parameters (frequency, and the vertical, zonal and meridional wave vector components) of the TIDs is determined over the 160-220 km height range. A test of the self-consistency of these results within the confines of the theoretical AGW dispersion relation is devised. This is applied to a sample data set of 24 October 2013. A remarkable agreement has been achieved for wave periods between 52 and 21 min, for which we can rigorously claim the TIDs are caused by underlying acoustic gravity waves. The Wallops Island Dynasonde can operate for extended periods at a 2 min cadence, allowing determination of the statistical distributions of propagation parameters. A dominant population of TIDs is identified in the frequency band below 1 mHz, and for it, the distributions of the horizontal wavelengths, vertical wavelengths, and horizontal phase speeds are obtained. C1 [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay; Bullett, Terrence; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Fang, Tzu-Wei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Codrescu, Mihail] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Negrea, Catalin] Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. [Bullett, Terrence] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. EM Catalin.Negrea@noaa.gov RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015; Negrea, Catalin/A-4321-2017 OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082; FU Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program [N000141310348]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX Authors thank O. A. Godin for stimulating discussions and helpful comments. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program through award N000141310348. Field support of Wallops Dynasonde operation has been provided, in part, by the staff of the NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. The Dynasonde data are accessible through the project's web site (http://surf.colorado.edu) upon request to the author (N.Z. or T.B.) as well as through NGDC's MIRRION server (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/WI937/). This work utilized the University of Colorado Boulder research computing facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3665 EP 3680 DI 10.1002/2016JA022495 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300059 ER PT J AU Harnos, DS Nesbitt, SW AF Harnos, Daniel S. Nesbitt, Stephen W. TI Varied pathways for simulated tropical cyclone rapid intensification. PartI: Precipitation and environment SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; hurricane; typhoon; rapid intensification; radius of maximum wind; convective processes; mesoscale processes ID HURRICANE EARL 2010; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CONVECTIVE BURSTS; UNITED-STATES; WARM-CORE; EVOLUTION; SHEAR; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; RADAR AB Two 1-km Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of the rapid intensification (RI) periods of hurricanes Ike(2008) and Earl(2010), under low and high wind shear respectively, are performed to evaluate mechanisms linked to the initiation and maintenance of RI. Despite similar simulated intensification time series, the exhibited hydrometeor characteristics differ between the two cases since Ike possesses less asymmetry and less vigorous convection than Earl. An objective method to quantitatively estimate the radius of maximum wind (RMW) with respect to height is introduced for quantifying the primary circulation character of each storm, permitting analysis of where heating is most efficient for driving warm core growth and subsequent intensification. Following eye development in each, diabatic heating remains embedded within the RMW. Earl's RI onset coincides with an absolute maximum in diabatic heating occurring within the RMW, while Ike possesses relatively less diabatic heating inside the RMW throughout and lacks an absolute peak associated with RI. The majority of diabatic heating within the RMW of both cases occurs at subfreezing temperatures, indicative of the importance of clouds associated with ice processes in these RI simulations. Earl's diabatic heating peak is tied to a maximum in convective burst activity residing within the RMW. Earl's preference for more sparse but intense convection is associated with increased sea surface temperatures, surface heat fluxes, moisture convergence, and near-surface equivalent potential temperature relative to the broader, weaker convective character in Ike. C1 [Harnos, Daniel S.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Harnos, DS (reprint author), NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3040, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM daniel.harnos@noaa.gov FU NASA Hurricane Science Research Project [NNX09AB82G]; NASA ESS Fellowship [NNX10AP50H] FX The authors thank Zhuo Wang, Greg McFarquhar, Ryan Sriver, and Brian Jewett for discussions in developing this research. Constructive reviews from Dr Robert Rogers and another anonymous reviewer are appreciated for further refining the manuscript. DH and SN were supported by Ramesh Kakar under NASA Hurricane Science Research Project grant NNX09AB82G; DH was supported by NASA ESS Fellowship NNX10AP50H. Computing resources were provided by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses were provided by ECMWF and NASA respectively. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 697 BP 1816 EP 1831 DI 10.1002/qj.2780 PN B PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP3LR UT WOS:000378395500021 ER PT J AU Harnos, DS Nesbitt, SW AF Harnos, Daniel S. Nesbitt, Stephen W. TI Varied pathways for simulated tropical cyclone rapid intensification. PartII: Vertical motion and cloud populations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; hurricane; typhoon; rapid intensification; convective processes; mesoscale processes; precipitation; vertical motion ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; HURRICANE EARL 2010; WIND SHEAR; CONVECTIVE BURSTS; STORM STRUCTURE; HOT TOWERS; INTENSITY; RADAR; EVOLUTION; TRMM AB Differences in the vertical velocity characteristics associated with various cloud populations are evaluated for two simulated cases of tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) under varying wind shear. Within the radius of maximum wind (RMW), preceding RI in the low-shear TC (hurricane Ike of 2008) increased updraught magnitudes for the top 1% of the distribution at 7km occur, while in the high-shear scenario (hurricane Earl of 2010) RI is led by increased updraught magnitudes of the top 1% of the distribution at 12km. Three-dimensional analyses of individual updraughts relative to their peak altitude enables direct quantification of processes associated with shallow cumuli, cumulus congestus, deep convection failing to penetrate the tropopause, and convective bursts (CBs). Mean profiles for each convective regime reveal positive contributions in certain variables of each updraught variety towards RI with positive diabatic heating, absolute vorticity, and moisture convergence roles. Within the RMW, CBs are shown to be the primary diabatic heating and vertical mass and vapour flux contributors in both simulations, while Ike includes secondary contributions from deep convection and congestus in addition to noteworthy diabatic heating from apparent stratiform processes that act to spin up the mid-level vortex. Inner-core moisture convergence has divided contributions from shallow cumuli, cumulus congestus, and CBs. CBs act to enhance potential vorticity to the greatest amount and over the deepest vertical layer at low levels. The simulation results overwhelmingly support the aggregate importance of vertically developed deep convection and its associated ice processes to the initiation and maintenance of RI. C1 [Harnos, Daniel S.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. RP Harnos, DS (reprint author), NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3040, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM daniel.harnos@noaa.gov FU NASA Hurricane Science Research Project [NNX09AB82G]; NASA ESS Fellowship [NNX10AP50H] FX The authors thank Zhuo Wang, Greg McFarquhar, Ryan Sriver, and Brian Jewett for discussions that improved the quality of this work. Constructive reviews from Robert Rogers and another anonymous reviewer are appreciated for further improving this project. DH and SN were supported by Ramesh Kakar under NASA Hurricane Science Research Project grant NNX09AB82G; DH was supported by NASA ESS Fellowship NNX10AP50H. Computing resources were provided by the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 697 BP 1832 EP 1846 DI 10.1002/qj.2778 PN B PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP3LR UT WOS:000378395500022 ER PT J AU Kuchler, N Turner, DD Lohnert, U Crewell, S AF Kuechler, N. Turner, D. D. Loehnert, U. Crewell, S. TI Calibrating ground-based microwave radiometers: Uncertainty and drifts SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-NITROGEN; WATER-VAPOR; PROFILES; ACCURACY; TEMPERATURE; LOADS AB The quality of microwave radiometer (MWR) calibrations, including both the absolute radiometric accuracy and the spectral consistency, determines the accuracy of geophysical retrievals. The Microwave Radiometer Calibration Experiment (MiRaCalE) was conducted to evaluate the performance of MWR calibration techniques, especially of the so-called Tipping Curve Calibrations (TCC) and Liquid Nitrogen Calibrations (LN2cal), by repeatedly calibrating a fourth-generation Humidity and Temperature Profiler (HATPRO-G4) that measures downwelling radiance between 20 GHz and 60 GHz. MiRaCalE revealed two major points to improve MWR calibrations: (i) the necessary repetition frequency for MWR calibration techniques to correct drifts, which ensures stable long-term measurements; and (ii) the spectral consistency of control measurements of a well known reference is useful to estimate calibration accuracy. Besides, we determined the accuracy of the HATPRO's liquid nitrogen-cooled blackbody's temperature. TCCs and LN2cals were found to agree within 0.5 K when observing the liquid nitrogen-cooled blackbody with a physical temperature of 77 K. This agreement of two different calibration techniques suggests that the brightness temperature of the LN2 cooled blackbody is accurate within at least 0.5 K, which is a significant reduction of the uncertainties that have been assumed to vary between 0.6 K and 1.5 K when calibrating the HATPRO-G4. The error propagation of both techniques was found to behave almost linearly, leading to maximum uncertainties of 0.7 K when observing a scene that is associated with a brightness temperature of 15 K. C1 [Kuechler, N.; Loehnert, U.; Crewell, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Forecast Res & Dev Div, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kuchler, N (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. EM nkuech@meteo.uni-koeln.de RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013; Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269; Crewell, Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008830] FX MiRaCalE was hosted by the National Severe Storms Laboratory and the School of Meteorology of the University of Oklahoma in cooperation of the University of Cologne. Radio sounding data from the Southern Great Plains was provided by the ARM research facility. We would like to thank Rainer Haseneder-Lind, Doug Kennedy, and Birger Bohn for their assistance in the field. We would like to thank also Radiometer Physics GmbH for technical support. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated and improved the quality of this paper. This work was supported in part by grant DE-SC0008830 from the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric System Research program. The data used are not available on the Internet, but free access is possible contacting nkuech@meteo.uni-koeln.de. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 51 IS 4 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1002/2015RS005826 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA DP0IL UT WOS:000378173300006 ER PT J AU Davis, TW Gobler, CJ AF Davis, Timothy W. Gobler, Christopher J. TI Preface for Special Issue on "Global expansion of harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Diversity, ecology, causes, and controls" SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAKE-ERIE; EUTROPHICATION; CLIMATE C1 [Davis, Timothy W.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. RP Gobler, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. EM christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.003 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600001 PM 28073470 ER PT J AU Gobler, CJ Burkholder, JM Davis, TW Harke, MJ Johengen, T Stow, CA Van de Waal, DB AF Gobler, Christopher J. Burkholder, JoAnn M. Davis, Timothy W. Harke, Matthew J. Johengen, Tom Stow, Craig A. Van de Waal, Dedmer B. TI The dual role of nitrogen supply in controlling the growth and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Cyanobacteria; Microcystis; Diazotrophy; Nutrients ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA CULTURES; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; FRESH-WATER LAKES; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; SHALLOW LAKES AB Historically, phosphorus (P) has been considered the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton assemblages in freshwater ecosystems. This review, supported by new findings from Lake Erie, highlights recent molecular, laboratory, and field evidence that the growth and toxicity of some non-diazotrophic blooms of cyanobacteria can be controlled by nitrogen (N). Cyanobacteria such as Microcystis possess physiological adaptations that allow them to dominate low-P surface waters, and in temperate lakes, cyanobacterial densities can be controlled by N availability. Beyond total cyanobacterial biomass, N loading has been shown to selectively promote the abundance of Microcystis and Planktothrix strains capable of synthesizing microcystins over strains that do not possess this ability. Among strains of cyanobacteria capable of synthesizing the N-rich microcystins, cellular toxin quotas have been found to depend upon exogenous N supplies. Herein, multi-year observations from western Lake Erie are presented demonstrating that microcystin concentrations peak in parallel with inorganic N, but not orthophosphate, concentrations and are significantly lower (p < 0.01) during years of reduced inorganic nitrogen loading and concentrations. Collectively, this information underscores the importance of N as well as P in controlling toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Furthermore, it supports the premise that management actions to reduce P in the absence of concurrent restrictions on N loading may not effectively control the growth and/or toxicity of non-diazotrophic toxic cyanobacteria such as the cosmopolitan, toxin-producing genus, Microcystis. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11968 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Aquat Ecol, POB 50, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands. EM christopher.gobler@stonybrook.edu RI Van de Waal, Dedmer/B-8002-2012; OI Van de Waal, Dedmer/0000-0001-8803-1247; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X FU Chicago Community Fund grant NOAA-ECOHAB program - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA10NOS4780140] FX This work was supported by a Chicago Community Fund grant NOAA-ECOHAB program being funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award no. NA10NOS4780140 to C.J.G. This is GLERL contribution number 1809 and ECOHAB contribution number 844.[SS] NR 157 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 49 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.010 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600007 PM 28073483 ER PT J AU Visser, PM Verspagen, JMH Sandrini, G Stal, LJ Matthijs, HCP Davis, TW Paerl, HW Huisman, J AF Visser, Petra M. Verspagen, Jolanda M. H. Sandrini, Giovanni Stal, Lucas J. Matthijs, Hans C. P. Davis, Timothy W. Paerl, Hans W. Huisman, Jef TI How rising CO2 and global warming may stimulate harmful cyanobacterial blooms SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Climate change; Cyanobacteria; Harmful algal blooms; Lakes; Rising CO2; Temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SUPERSATURATION; APHANIZOMENON-OVALISPORUM NOSTOCALES; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA KUTZ; SYNECHOCOCCUS SP PCC7942; INORGANIC CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; N-2 FIXATION AB Climate change is likely to stimulate the development of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waters, with negative consequences for water quality of many lakes, reservoirs and brackish ecosystems across the globe. In addition to effects of temperature and eutrophication, recent research has shed new light on the possible implications of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Depletion of dissolved CO2 by dense cyanobacterial blooms creates a concentration gradient across the air-water interface. A steeper gradient at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations will lead to a greater influx of CO2, which can be intercepted by surface-dwelling blooms, thus intensifying cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waters. Bloom-forming cyanobacteria display an unexpected diversity in CO2 responses, because different strains combine their uptake systems for CO2 and bicarbonate in different ways. The genetic composition of cyanobacterial blooms may therefore shift. In particular, strains with high-flux carbon uptake systems may benefit from the anticipated rise in inorganic carbon availability. Increasing temperatures also stimulate cyanobacterial growth. Many bloom-forming cyanobacteria and also green algae have temperature optima above 25 degrees C, often exceeding the temperature optima of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Analysis of published data suggests that the temperature dependence of the growth rate of cyanobacteria exceeds that of green algae. Indirect effects of elevated temperature, like an earlier onset and longer duration of thermal stratification, may also shift the competitive balance in favor of buoyant cyanobacteria while eukaryotic algae are impaired by higher sedimentation losses. Furthermore, cyanobacteria differ from eukaryotic algae in that they can fix dinitrogen, and new insights show that the nitrogen-fixation activity of heterocystous cyanobacteria can be strongly stimulated at elevated temperatures. Models and lake studies indicate that the response of cyanobacterial growth to rising CO2 concentrations and elevated temperatures can be suppressed by nutrient limitation. The greatest response of cyanobacterial blooms to climate change is therefore expected to occur in eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Visser, Petra M.; Verspagen, Jolanda M. H.; Sandrini, Giovanni; Stal, Lucas J.; Matthijs, Hans C. P.; Huisman, Jef] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Aquat Microbiol, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stal, Lucas J.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Marine Microbiol, POB 140, NL-4400 AC Yerseke, Netherlands. [Davis, Timothy W.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Visser, PM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Dept Aquat Microbiol, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM P.M.Visser@uva.nl FU Amsterdam Water Science program of the Amsterdam Academic Alliance; Division of Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); US National Science Foundation [CBET 0826819, 1230543]; Dimensions of Biodiversity [1240851] FX We thank the two reviewers for their constructive comments. J.M.H. Verspagen was supported by the Amsterdam Water Science program of the Amsterdam Academic Alliance; G. Sandrini was supported by the Division of Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); H.W. Paerl was supported by US National Science Foundation Grants CBET 0826819, 1230543, and Dimensions of Biodiversity (1240851). We acknowledge the COST Action ES 1105 'CYANO-COST-Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence, impacts and management' for the opportunity to exchange ideas with co-authors and other scientists. This manuscript is NOAA-GLERL publication number 1802. [SS] NR 171 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 36 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.12.006 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600011 PM 28073473 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Davis, TW Wynne, TT Graham, JL Loftin, KA Johengen, TH Gossiaux, D Palladino, D Burtner, A AF Stumpf, Richard P. Davis, Timothy W. Wynne, Timothy T. Graham, Jennifer L. Loftin, Keith A. Johengen, Thomas H. Gossiaux, Duane Palladino, Danna Burtner, Ashley TI Challenges for mapping cyanotoxin patterns from remote sensing of cyanobacteria SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Microcystins; Satellite; MERIS; Chlorophyll; Phycocyanin ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; COASTAL WATERS; INLAND WATERS; TIME-SERIES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; MERIS OBSERVATIONS; NONTOXIC STRAINS AB Using satellite imagery to quantify the spatial patterns of cyanobacterial toxins has several challenges. These challenges include the need for surrogate pigments - since cyanotoxins cannot be directly detected by remote sensing, the-variability in the relationship between the pigments and cyanotoxins especially microcystins (MC), and the lack of standardization of the various measurement methods. A dual-model strategy can provide an approach to address these challenges. One model uses either chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) or phycocyanin (PC) collected in situ as a surrogate to estimate the MC concentration. The other uses a remote sensing algorithm to estimate the concentration of the surrogate pigment. Where blooms are mixtures of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, PC should be the preferred surrogate to Chl-a. Where cyanobacteria dominate, Chl-a is a better surrogate than PC for remote sensing. Phycocyanin is less sensitive to detection by optical remote sensing, it is less frequently measured, PC laboratory methods are still not standardized, and PC has greater intracellular variability. Either pigment should not be presumed to have a fixed relationship with MC for any water body. The MC pigment relationship can be valid over weeks, but have considerable intra- and inter-annual variability due to changes in the amount of MC produced relative to cyanobacterial biomass. To detect pigments by satellite, three classes of algorithms (analytic, semi-analytic, and derivative) have been used. Analytical and semi-analytical algorithms are more sensitive but less robust than derivatives because they depend on accurate atmospheric correction; as a result derivatives are more commonly used. Derivatives can estimate Chl-a concentration, and research suggests they can detect and possibly quantify PC. Derivative algorithms, however, need to be standardized in order to evaluate the reproducibility of parameterizations between lakes. A strategy for producing useful estimates of microcystins from cyanobacterial biomass is described, provided cyanotoxin variability is addressed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.; Gossiaux, Duane] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Graham, Jennifer L.; Loftin, Keith A.] US Geol Survey, Kansas Water Sci Ctr, Lawrence, KS USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.; Palladino, Danna; Burtner, Ashley] CILER, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richard.stumpf@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I, 14-SMDUNSOL14-0001]; U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lake Research Initiative FX This work was partially funded by the NASA Public Health and Water Quality Program (NNH08ZDA001N) under contract NNH09AL53I, the NASA Ocean Biology and Biochemistry Programs under proposal 14-SMDUNSOL14-0001, the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, and the Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lake Research Initiative. This is NOAA GLERL publication number 1804. Steve Ruberg and the captains and crew of NOAA GLERL's research vessels provided invaluable support. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The paper benefitted from the insightful comments of the reviewers. NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 160 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.005 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600012 PM 28073474 ER PT J AU Bullerjahn, GS Mckay, RM Davis, TW Baker, DB Boyer, GL D'Anglada, LV Doucette, GJ Ho, JC Irwin, EG Kling, CL Kudela, RM Kurmayer, R Michalak, AM Ortiz, JD Otten, TG Paerl, HW Qin, BQ Sohngen, BL Stumpf, RP Visser, PM Wilhelm, SW AF Bullerjahn, George S. McKay, Robert M. Davis, Timothy W. Baker, David B. Boyer, Gregory L. D'Anglada, Lesley V. Doucette, Gregory J. Ho, Jeff C. Irwin, Elena G. Kling, Catherine L. Kudela, Raphael M. Kurmayer, Rainer Michalak, Anna M. Ortiz, Joseph D. Otten, Timothy G. Paerl, Hans W. Qin, Boqiang Sohngen, Brent L. Stumpf, Richard P. Visser, Petra M. Wilhelm, Steven W. TI Global solutions to regional problems: Collecting global expertise to address the problem of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. A Lake Erie case study SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Cyanobacteria; CHAB; Lake Erie; Microcystin; Phosphorus; Nitrogen ID CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; WATER-QUALITY; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; ALGAL BLOOMS; AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; RE-EUTROPHICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHALLOW LAKES; MAUMEE RIVER; GREAT-LAKES AB In early August 2014, the municipality of Toledo, OH (USA) issued a 'do not drink' advisory on their water supply directly affecting over 400,000 residential customers and hundreds of businesses (Wilson, 2014). This order was attributable to levels of microcystin, a potent liver toxin, which rose to 2.5 mu g L-1 in finished drinking water. The Toledo crisis afforded an opportunity to bring together scientists from around the world to share ideas regarding factors that contribute to bloom formation and toxigenicity, bloom and toxin detection as well as prevention and remediation of bloom events. These discussions took place at an NSF- and NOAA-sponsored workshop at Bowling Green State University on April 13 and 14, 2015. In all, more than 100 attendees from six countries and 15 US states gathered together to share their perspectives. The purpose of this review is to present the consensus summary of these issues that emerged from discussions at the Workshop. As additional reports in this special issue provide detailed reviews on many major CHAB species, this paper focuses on the general themes common to all blooms, such as bloom detection, modeling, nutrient loading, and strategies to reduce nutrients. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bullerjahn, George S.; McKay, Robert M.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Life Sci Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Davis, Timothy W.] NOAA, GLERL, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Baker, David B.] Heidelberg Univ, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. [Boyer, Gregory L.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [D'Anglada, Lesley V.] US EPA, Agcy Off Sci & Technol, 1200 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ho, Jeff C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ho, Jeff C.; Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, Elena G.; Sohngen, Brent L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, 2120 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kling, Catherine L.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Econ, 578 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kurmayer, Rainer] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, Mondseestr 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. [Ortiz, Joseph D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, 336 McGilvrey Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Otten, Timothy G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Qin, Boqiang] Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, 73 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway Code N SCI1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Visser, Petra M.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Dept Aquat Microbiol, POB 94248, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wilhelm, Steven W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, 1414 West Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bullerjahn, GS (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Life Sci Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM bullerj@bgsu.edu RI Wilhelm, Steven/B-8963-2008 OI Wilhelm, Steven/0000-0001-6283-8077 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1515671]; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; University of Michigan Water Center; Office of the Vice President for Research AMP; Economic Development at Bowling Green State University; Ohio Department of Education [R/HAB-2-BOR] FX The CHAB Workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. CBET-1515671 (GSB). Additional support was provided by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, the University of Michigan Water Center and by the Office of the Vice President for Research & Economic Development at Bowling Green State University. Additional research support was provided by Ohio Department of Education grant R/HAB-2-BOR to GSB, RMM and JDO. GSB, RMM and SWW thank Mr. Jason Isakovic (Senior Legislative Assistant, office of US Rep. Robert Latta) for helpful discussions on the legislative process. The authors also thank the many staff and students at BGSU who provided assistance prior and during the Workshop.[SS] NR 148 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 37 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 SI SI BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.003 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN8HK UT WOS:000377319600016 PM 28073479 ER PT J AU Ohlberger, J Scheuerell, MD Schindler, DE AF Ohlberger, Jan Scheuerell, Mark D. Schindler, Daniel E. TI Population coherence and environmental impacts across spatial scales: a case study of Chinook salmon SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE coherence; environment; multivariate analysis; productivity dynamics; spatial scale ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; PINK SALMON; COMMON TRENDS; ABUNDANCE AB A central problem in understanding how species respond to global change is in parsing the effects of local drivers of population dynamics from regional and global drivers that are shared among populations. Management and conservation efforts that typically focus on a particular population would benefit greatly from being able to separate the effects of environmental processes at local, regional, and global scales. One way of addressing this challenge is to integrate data across multiple populations and use multivariate time series approaches to estimate shared and independent components of dynamics among neighboring populations. Here, we use a data set of 15 populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) covering a broad geographical range in the eastern North Pacific Ocean to show how Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) can be used to estimate temporal coherence in population dynamics and to detect environmental drivers across spatial scales. Our results show that productivity dynamics of Chinook salmon populations strongly covary at the regional scale, but to a lesser degree at larger spatial scales. The timing of river ice break-up in spring was identified as an important driver of regional productivity dynamics. In addition, broad-scale variability in population productivity was linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, a dominant pattern of sea surface height variability. These broad-scale patterns in productivity dynamics may be associated with recent regime shifts in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. However, our results also demonstrate that populations within regions do not always respond consistently to the same environmental drivers, thus suggesting location-specific impacts. Overall, this study illustrates the use of DFA for quantifying the spatial and temporal complexity of multiple population responses to environmental change, thereby providing insights to processes that affect populations across large geographic areas, but that might be filtered by local habitat conditions. C1 [Ohlberger, Jan; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ohlberger, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM janohl@uw.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Ohlberger, Jan/0000-0001-6795-240X FU Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative FX We thank S. Fleischman and M. Catalano for providing run reconstructions of spawning escapement and recruitment for the populations used in this analysis. We also thank K. Myers and M. Bradford who provided additional time series data on environmental indicators, and M. Stachura for helpful discussions. Input from S. Fleischman, R. Clark, E. Volk, and J. Linderman from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game was invaluable to this project. This work was funded by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, and we thank J. Spaeder for his insights on this effort. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 AR e01333 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1333 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VA UT WOS:000377213400016 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, JJ Daly, EA Brodeur, RD AF Ruzicka, James J. Daly, Elizabeth A. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Evidence that summer jellyfish blooms impact Pacific Northwest salmon production SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Chrysaora fuscescens; coho salmon; Columbia River; competition; ecosystem model; food web; jellyfish; Northern California Current; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; sea nettles ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; EARLY MARINE RESIDENCE; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SURFACE WATERS; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; CHRYSAORA-FUSCESCENS; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SPATIAL OVERLAP AB Interannual variability in salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) production in the northeast Pacific is understood to be driven by oceanographic variability and bottom-up processes affecting prey availability to juvenile salmon. Scyphozoan jellyfish have an important role in shaping the pathways of energy flow through pelagic food webs. While jellyfish obtain high production rates and biomasses as major consumers of zooplankton production, they have few predators and may divert plankton production away from higher trophic levels. Although jellyfish are planktivorous and juvenile coho (O. kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon are mainly piscivorous, they may be indirect competitors for plankton production. Ecosystem model simulations suggested that among all trophic interactions within the Pacific Northwest coastal food web, juvenile salmon are particularly sensitive to jellyfish blooms, and that salmon production will be suppressed in years of high summer jellyfish biomass. Pelagic surveys off Oregon and Washington (1999-2012) were used to examine the interannual relationship between salmon production and the dominant jellyfish species, the sea nettle Chrysaora fuscescens, off the Pacific Northwest coast. There was a significant, negative correlation between sea nettle biomass and the strength of adult coho and Chinook salmon returns to the Columbia River. Examination of spatial distributions across years showed a positive association between sea nettles and salmon. Within individual years, significant differences between the distribution of sea nettles and yearling coho and Chinook salmon generally occurred during cooler ocean summers, perhaps due to the greater expanse of optimal salmon habitat resulting from more upwelling. Whether the association is behavioral or a product of oceanographic processes, association enhances the opportunity for indirect competition. Examination of feeding incidence in September showed that salmon stomachs were less full at locations with higher sea nettle biomass. C1 [Ruzicka, James J.; Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97366 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries, Newport, OR 97366 USA. RP Ruzicka, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97366 USA. EM jim.ruzicka@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [00053808]; North Pacific Research Board [F6405-03, P1405]; Lenfest Ocean Program from the Pew Charitable Trusts [00025535] FX We thank P. Lawson (NWFSC), C. Rice (NWFSC), K. Robinson (OSU), L. Weitkamp (NWFSC), and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. S. Ruzicka (USDAFS) created the maps. Support for this research came from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA Contract No. 00053808 to Oregon State University and to NOAA), from the North Pacific Research Board to J. Ruzicka (F6405-03) and R. Brodeur (P1405), and from the Lenfest Ocean Program (Grant No. 00025535) from the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 AR e01324 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1324 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN6VA UT WOS:000377213400013 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Zwiers, F Dirmeyer, PA Lawrence, DM Shrestha, R Werner, AT AF Kumar, Sanjiv Zwiers, Francis Dirmeyer, Paul A. Lawrence, David M. Shrestha, Rajesh Werner, Arelia T. TI Terrestrial contribution to the heterogeneity in hydrological changes under global warming SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEAN ANNUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; BUDYKO FRAMEWORK; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION TRENDS; WATER AVAILABILITY; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RUNOFF AB This study investigates a physical basis for heterogeneity in hydrological changes, which suggests a greater detectability in wet than dry regions. Wet regions are those where atmospheric demand is less than precipitation (energy limited), and dry regions are those where atmospheric demand is greater than precipitation (water limited). Long-term streamflow trends in western North America and an analysis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models at global scales show geographically heterogeneous detectability of hydrological changes. We apply the Budyko framework and state-of-the-art climate model data from CMIP5 to quantify the sensitivity and detectability of terrestrial hydrological changes. The Budyko framework quantifies the partitioning of precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff components. We find that the terrestrial hydrological sensitivity is 3 times greater in regions where the hydrological cycle is energy limited rather than water limited. This additional source (the terrestrial part) contributes to 30-40% greater detectability in energy-limited regions. We also quantified the contribution of changes in the catchment efficiency parameter that oppose the effects of increasing evaporative demand in global warming scenarios. Incorporating changes to the catchment efficiency parameter in the Budyko framework reduces dry biases in global runoff change projections by 88% in the 21st century. C1 [Kumar, Sanjiv; Zwiers, Francis; Shrestha, Rajesh; Werner, Arelia T.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Kumar, Sanjiv] NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Dirmeyer, Paul A.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada.; Kumar, S (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM Sanjiv.Kumar@noaa.gov FU NSERC Canadian Sea Ice and snow Evaluation (CanSISE) Network FX S.K. and F.Z. were supported by NSERC Canadian Sea Ice and snow Evaluation (CanSISE) Network. The first author thanks Markus Schnorbus and Faron Anslow (both from PCIC) for providing hydrology data for watersheds in British Columbia. The first author also thanks Justin Sheffield (Princeton University) for providing Princeton Hydrology data. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in supporting information Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. CMIP5 climate model data were obtained from following website: https://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/projects/esgf-llnl/. Streamflow data were obtained from United States Geological Survey (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv/?referred_module=sw) and Environment Canada HYDAT database (https://ec.gc.ca/rhc-wsc/default.asp?lang=En&n=9018B5EC-1) for western United States and Western Canada, respectively. High-resolution PRISM climate data were provided by PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, http://prism.oregonstate.edu, created 4 February 2004. We also thank Michael L. Roderick and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 BP 3127 EP 3142 DI 10.1002/2016WR018607 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DN9XA UT WOS:000377432800044 ER PT J AU Bert, TM Geiger, SP Gerhart, SD Mccarthy, KJ AF Bert, Theresa M. Geiger, Stephen P. Gerhart, Susan D. Mccarthy, Kevin J. TI FACTORS INFLUENCING REPRODUCTIVE ATTRIBUTES OF STONE CRABS (MENIPPE) IN TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clutch size; egg size; egg weight; fishery; Florida; Gulf of Mexico; Menippe; missing appendage; Octolasmis mulleri; reproduction; stone crab; temperature ID HELICE-CRASSA GRAPSIDAE; FRESH-WATER CRAYFISH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EGG SIZE; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BRACHYURAN CRABS; BLUE-CRAB; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; MERCENARIA SAY; MUD CRAB AB Understanding aspects of reproduction is important for studies of life history strategy and for resource management. The influences of nine factors (five intrinsic, four extrinsic) on the reproductive attributes egg diameter, egg dry weight, and clutch size (i.e., number of eggs in egg mass) of female stone crabs (genus Menippe (Say)) from Tampa Bay, FL, waters were investigated. Two intrinsic factors influenced reproductive attributes: carapace width was positively correlated with clutch size, and egg stage was positively related to egg size. Three intrinsic factors-genotype class, damaged or missing pleopods, and missing claws or legs-had no influence on any reproductive attribute. The four extrinsic factors each influenced at least two reproductive attributes. Egg diameter and weight were significantly larger and clutch size was significantly smaller (1) in females uninfested by Octolasmis mulleri; (2) during the early part of the spawning season, when water temperature was 27 degrees C or less; and (3) during the first year of the 3-y study. In addition, egg diameter varied significantly among season/year combinations. In all cases, when egg diameter and weight decreased, clutch size increased; suggesting that, in female stone crabs, selection for filling the available abdominal space with eggs is strong. Large eggs are known to produce larvae of high fitness in crabs. Because the largest eggs are produced during the early part of the spawning season, females should be protected from harvest during that time. Shortening the harvest season in spring would eliminate those females from vulnerability to the fishery. C1 [Bert, Theresa M.; Geiger, Stephen P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Gerhart, Susan D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Mccarthy, Kevin J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA. RP Bert, TM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM theresa.bert@myfwc.com FU Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Interjurisdictional Fisheries grants; state of Florida FX We are grateful to numerous Fish and Wildlife Research Institute staff members who helped with the field work; and to T. Jones, who assisted with the laboratory work involved in analyzing the reproductive attributes. We thank Z. Boudreau, C. Crowley, R. Gandy, and D. Wilber for providing valuable reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Interjurisdictional Fisheries grants and by the state of Florida. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.2983/035.035.0127 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN0HA UT WOS:000376743800027 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Ottmar, M Spencer, M Anderson, JD Cooper, D AF Ryer, Clifford H. Ottmar, Michele Spencer, Mara Anderson, Janet Duffy Cooper, Daniel TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GROWTH OF EARLY JUVENILE SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB CHIONOECETES BAIRDI: IMPLICATIONS FOR COLD POOL EFFECTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE temperature-dependent growth; survival; recruitment; intermolt period; Chionoecetes bairdi; crab ID RED KING CRAB; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE-CRAB; OPILIO; RECRUITMENT; SIZE; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; ALASKAN; MOLT AB Temperature strongly influences the growth of crustaceans and directly controls distribution. Despite being commercially important, there are no data on temperature effects upon growth in newly settled southern Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi. Recently settled crabs were reared through three consecutive molts, both individually and in groups, at four different temperatures; 2 degrees C, 6 degrees C, 9 degrees C, and 12 degrees C. Survival was higher for crabs grown individually (92%) than those in groups (66%) owing to cannibalism, particularly during molting. There were no temperature effects on survival. Growth rate (mm/day) increased linearly with temperature, a product of exponential decline in intermolt period with increasing temperature and a molt increment that was relatively constant across temperatures. Growth rate, intermolt period, and growth increment did not differ between crabs grown singly or in groups. These data suggest that growth in 0 y aged southern Tanner crabs is strongly inhibited at temperatures less than 2 degrees C. A small mesh beam trawl survey was conducted in the southeast Bering Sea during September 2012, a year when a cold pool (<2 degrees C bottom water) dominated the middle shelf. Southern Tanner crab less than 12mm(carapace width) were concentrated just north of the Alaska Peninsula and along the outer shelf where bottom water was more than 2 degrees C, but largely absent from the middle shelf. In contrast, adult southern Tanner crabs were widely distributed across the middle and outer shelves. It was hypothesized that early juvenile southern Tanner growth is inhibited by cold pool conditions, prolonging vulnerability to predation, and reducing survival. In the future, if sea temperature rises and sea ice is diminished, less frequent and less intense cold pool events may lead to increased persistence of thermally suitable juvenile southern Tanner crab habitat across the southeastern Bering Sea middle shelf region. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.; Ottmar, Michele; Spencer, Mara] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, RACE Div,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Alaska Fisher, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Anderson, Janet Duffy; Cooper, Daniel] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Recruitment Proc Program, RACE Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, RACE Div,Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Alaska Fisher, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov FU Essential Fish Habitat grant from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Regional Habitat Division FX We would like to thank Paul Iseri and Scott Haines for assistance with the laboratory experiments, as well as Ben Laurel and Brian Knoth for assistance with live collections. Cynthia Sweitzer provided help with procurement of permits and assisted with manuscript preparation. Helpful comments on an early manuscript were provided by Dan Urban and Ben Daly. This research was funded in part by an Essential Fish Habitat grant from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Regional Habitat Division. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.2983/035.035.0128 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DN0HA UT WOS:000376743800028 ER PT J AU Suarez-Moo, PD Gilbert-Horvath, EA Vadopalas, B Calderon-Aguilera, LE Garza, JC Rocha-Olivares, A AF de Jesus Suarez-Moo, Pablo Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Vadopalas, Brent Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Carlos Garza, John Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl TI Genetic homogeneity of the geoduck clam Panopea generosa in the northeast Pacific SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Panopea generosa; Mitochondrial genes; Microsatellite loci; Genetic homogeneity; Washington; Baja California ID TETRANUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOFTWARE; ABRUPTA; CIRCULATION; PATCHINESS; SEQUENCES AB Geoduck clams are a valuable natural resource along the northeast Pacific, which makes the assessment of the biological and genetic status of their populations a key element to provide a basis for their proper management and conservation. In the present study, we assess the genetic variability and connectivity of Panopea generosa Gould, 1850 among four localities in the northeast Pacific using mitochondrial (DNA sequences from COI and COIII) and nuclear (five microsatellite loci) data. We found no evidence of genetic differentiation among localities encompassing scales of 100s to 1000s of kilometers along the northeast Pacific, which is consistent with a large effective population size and extensive gene flow in the absence of significant barriers acting on the larval stages. Our genetic findings and phenotypic evidence are consistent with the existence of a single management unit shared by Canada, the United States and Mexico, but further studies with increased geographic and genetic sampling are warranted to better estimate the extent and direction of gene flow to help in international management and conservation measures of this valuable resource. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Jesus Suarez-Moo, Pablo; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl] CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, Mol Ecol Lab, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Carlos Garza, John] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Vadopalas, Brent] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera, Luis] CICESE, Dept Marine Ecol, Fisheries & Coastal Ecol Lab, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. RP Rocha-Olivares, A (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Biol Oceanog, Mol Ecol Lab, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM arocha@cicese.mx RI Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/E-1522-2015; OI Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo/0000-0001-5427-6043; Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl/0000-0002-2700-9086 FU CICESE [625112] FX We thank Alex Bradbury, Robert Sizemore, Don Rothaus, and Michael Ulrich of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (a.k.a. The Fab Four) and Victor M. Moreno Rivera for help in sample collection and processing. Vanessa Apkenas assisted with the genotyping of samples in the laboratory. This research was supported by CICESE grant 625112 to A.R.O. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 EI 1873-2925 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 65 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2016.02.003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DK0JN UT WOS:000374599200009 ER PT J AU Carter, BR Frolicher, TL Dunne, JP Rodgers, KB Slater, RD Sarmiento, JL AF Carter, B. R. Frolicher, T. L. Dunne, J. P. Rodgers, K. B. Slater, R. D. Sarmiento, J. L. TI When can ocean acidification impacts be detected from decadal alkalinity measurements? SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE alkalinity; ocean acidification; trend detection; repeat hydrography; carbon cycle; carbonate system ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE; 21ST-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION; EMERGENCE; MODELS; CYCLE; TIME AB We use a large initial condition suite of simulations (30 runs) with an Earth system model to assess the detectability of biogeochemical impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the marine alkalinity distribution from decadally repeated hydrographic measurements such as those produced by the Global Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP). Detection of these impacts is complicated by alkalinity changes from variability and long-term trends in freshwater and organic matter cycling and ocean circulation. In our ensemble simulation, variability in freshwater cycling generates large changes in alkalinity that obscure the changes of interest and prevent the attribution of observed alkalinity redistribution to OA. These complications from freshwater cycling can be mostly avoided through salinity normalization of alkalinity. With the salinity-normalized alkalinity, modeled OA impacts are broadly detectable in the surface of the subtropical gyres by 2030. Discrepancies between this finding and the finding of an earlier analysis suggest that these estimates are strongly sensitive to the patterns of calcium carbonate export simulated by the model. OA impacts are detectable later in the subpolar and equatorial regions due to slower responses of alkalinity to OA in these regions and greater seasonal equatorial alkalinity variability. OA impacts are detectable later at depth despite lower variability due to smaller rates of change and consistent measurement uncertainty. C1 [Carter, B. R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carter, B. R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Frolicher, T. L.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Dunne, J. P.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rodgers, K. B.; Slater, R. D.; Sarmiento, J. L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Carter, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Carter, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brendan.carter@noaa.gov RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU Climate Observation Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office; U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-1040957]; Carbon Data Management and Synthesis NOAA grant [N8R1SE3-PGC]; SNSF [PZ00P2_142573]; NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310066] FX We thank Swarthmore undergraduate researcher Jeong Do Ahn for his helpful explorations of carbonate cycling in ESM2M. Anonymous reviewers provided appreciated helpful feedback on the manuscript content and presentation. We are grateful to Kathy Tedesco of the Climate Observation Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office for funding for this research. B.R.C. was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (ANT-1040957) and the Carbon Data Management and Synthesis NOAA grant (N8R1SE3-PGC). T.L.F. acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). The contribution of KBR came through awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO), and NOAA award NA11OAR4310066. ESM2M data output can be obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project data portal (http://cmippcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html), and the processed ensemble model output required to reproduce our figures is included as supporting information. This is PMEL contribution 4392 and JISAO contribution 2504. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 595 EP 612 DI 10.1002/2015GB005308 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3SY UT WOS:000376268000004 ER PT J AU Scott, JD Alexander, MA Murray, DR Swales, D Eischeid, J AF Scott, James D. Alexander, Michael A. Murray, Donald R. Swales, Dustin Eischeid, Jon TI THE CLIMATE CHANGE WEB PORTAL A System to Access and Display Climate and Earth System Model Output from the CMIP5 Archive SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Scott, James D.; Murray, Donald R.; Swales, Dustin; Eischeid, Jon] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Scott, James D.; Alexander, Michael A.; Murray, Donald R.; Swales, Dustin; Eischeid, Jon] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Scott, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.d.scott@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00035.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HE UT WOS:000375951600003 ER PT J AU Clifford, D Alegre, R Bennett, V Blower, J Deluca, C Kershaw, P Lynnes, C Mattmann, C Phipps, R Rozum, I AF Clifford, Debbie Alegre, Raquel Bennett, Victoria Blower, Jon Deluca, Cecelia Kershaw, Philip Lynnes, Christopher Mattmann, Chris Phipps, Rhona Rozum, Iryna TI Capturing and Sharing Our Collective Expertise on Climate Data The CHARMe Project SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clifford, Debbie; Blower, Jon; Phipps, Rhona] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Alegre, Raquel] UCL, London, England. [Bennett, Victoria; Kershaw, Philip] Sci & Technol Facil Council, Swindon, Wilts, England. [Deluca, Cecelia] NOAA, NESII, CIRES, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lynnes, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Mattmann, Chris] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rozum, Iryna] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Clifford, D (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM d.j.clifford@reading.ac.uk OI Kershaw, Philip/0000-0002-7646-291X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00189.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HE UT WOS:000375951600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Howard, K Langston, C Kaney, B Qi, YC Tang, L Grams, H Wang, YD Cocks, S Martinaitis, S Arthur, A Cooper, K Brogden, J Kitzmiller, D AF Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth Langston, Carrie Kaney, Brian Qi, Youcun Tang, Lin Grams, Heather Wang, Yadong Cocks, Stephen Martinaitis, Steven Arthur, Ami Cooper, Karen Brogden, Jeff Kitzmiller, David TI MULTI-RADAR MULTI-SENSOR (MRMS) QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION Initial Operating Capabilities SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ALGORITHM; UNITED-STATES; BEAM BLOCKAGE; NETWORK; SYSTEM; RAIN; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; TERRAIN; QPES C1 [Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Qi, Youcun; Tang, Lin; Grams, Heather; Wang, Yadong; Cocks, Stephen; Martinaitis, Steven; Arthur, Ami; Cooper, Karen; Brogden, Jeff] NOAA OAR NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Qi, Youcun; Tang, Lin; Grams, Heather; Wang, Yadong; Cocks, Stephen; Martinaitis, Steven; Arthur, Ami; Cooper, Karen; Brogden, Jeff] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kitzmiller, David] NOAA NWS OHD, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); American Institute in Taiwan (AIT); NOAA; Salt River Project; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227, NA13OAR4830236]; NOAA Integrated Dissemination Program; National Weather Service's Office of Science and Technology program FX Major funding for this research was provided under the agreement between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the agreement between NOAA and the Salt River Project. Partial funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1227 and NA13OAR4830236. The NOAA Integrated Dissemination Program and the National Weather Service's Office of Science and Technology program provided additional support and computational resources. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP 621 EP 637 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00174.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HE UT WOS:000375951600011 ER PT J AU Goessling, HF Jung, T Klebe, S Baeseman, J Bauer, P Chen, P Chevallier, M Dole, R Gordon, N Ruti, P Bradley, A Bromwich, DH Casati, B Chechin, D Day, JJ Massonnet, F Mills, B Renfrew, I Smith, G Tatusko, R AF Goessling, Helge F. Jung, Thomas Klebe, Stefanie Baeseman, Jenny Bauer, Peter Chen, Peter Chevallier, Matthieu Dole, Randall Gordon, Neil Ruti, Paolo Bradley, Alice Bromwich, David H. Casati, Barbara Chechin, Dmitry Day, Jonathan J. Massonnet, Francois Mills, Brian Renfrew, Ian Smith, Gregory Tatusko, Renee TI PAVING THE WAY FOR THE YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Goessling, Helge F.; Jung, Thomas; Klebe, Stefanie] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Baeseman, Jenny] Sci Comm Antarctic Res, Cambridge, England. [Baeseman, Jenny] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Chevallier, Matthieu] CNRS UMR 3589, CNRM, Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Dole, Randall] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ruti, Paolo] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bradley, Alice] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bromwich, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Casati, Barbara; Mills, Brian; Smith, Gregory] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Chechin, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Day, Jonathan J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Massonnet, Francois] Catholic Univ Louvain, Georges Lematre Ctr Earth & Climate Res, Earth & Life Inst, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. [Massonnet, Francois] Catalan Inst Climate Sci, Climate Forecasting Unit, Barcelona, Spain. [Renfrew, Ian] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Tatusko, Renee] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Goessling, HF (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bussestr 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM helge.goessling@awi.de RI Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Chechin, Dmitry/J-9923-2016; Renfrew, Ian/E-4057-2010; OI Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Chechin, Dmitry/0000-0003-0021-9945; Renfrew, Ian/0000-0001-9379-8215; Massonnet, Francois/0000-0002-4697-5781; Chevallier, Matthieu/0000-0003-2033-166X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 4 BP ES85 EP ES88 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00270.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9HE UT WOS:000375951600001 ER PT J AU Faverzani, M Becker, D Bennett, D Day, P Falferi, P Ferri, E Fowler, J Gard, J Giachero, A Giordano, C Hays-Wehle, J Hilton, G Maino, M Margesin, B Mates, J Mezzena, R Nizzolo, R Nucciotti, A Puiu, A Reintsema, C Schmidt, D Swetz, D Ullom, J Vale, L Zanetti, L AF Faverzani, M. Becker, D. Bennett, D. Day, P. Falferi, P. Ferri, E. Fowler, J. Gard, J. Giachero, A. Giordano, C. Hays-Wehle, J. Hilton, G. Maino, M. Margesin, B. Mates, J. Mezzena, R. Nizzolo, R. Nucciotti, A. Puiu, A. Reintsema, C. Schmidt, D. Swetz, D. Ullom, J. Vale, L. Zanetti, L. TI Superconducting Detectors for Neutrino Mass Measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Holmium 163; kinetic inductance detectors; neutrino mass; transition edge sensors ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; SEARCH; DECAY AB Assessing the absolute neutrino mass scale is one of the major challenges in particle physics and astrophysics nowadays. A powerful tool to directly estimate the effective electron neutrino mass consists in the calorimetric measurement of the energy released within a nu cl ear bet a decay. The progresses made over the last few decades on low-temperature detector technologies have permitted to design experiments with expected sensitivities on the neutrino mass below 1 eV/c(2) with the calorimetric approach. Despite the remarkable performances in both energy (similar to eV at keV) and time resolutions (similar to 1 mu s) on the single channel, a large number of detectors working in parallel is required to reach a sub-eV sensitivity. Microwave frequency-domain readout provides a powerful technique to read out large arrays of low-temperature detectors, such as transition edge sensors (TESs) or microwave kinetic inductanced etectors (MKIDs). In this way, the multiplex factor is only limited by the bandwidth of the available commercial fast digitizers. The microwave multiplexing system will be used to readout the TES array of the HOLMES experiment, which is made of 1000 Ho-163-implanted microcalorimeters. HOLMES is a new experiment that aims to measure the electron neutrino mass by means of the electron capture decay of Ho-163 with an expected sensitivity of the order of the eV/c(2). C1 [Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Giachero, A.; Maino, M.; Nizzolo, R.; Nucciotti, A.; Puiu, A.; Zanetti, L.] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Giachero, A.; Maino, M.; Nizzolo, R.; Nucciotti, A.; Puiu, A.; Zanetti, L.] INFN Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Becker, D.; Bennett, D.; Fowler, J.; Gard, J.; Hays-Wehle, J.; Hilton, G.; Mates, J.; Reintsema, C.; Schmidt, D.; Swetz, D.; Ullom, J.; Vale, L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Day, P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Day, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Falferi, P.] CNR Fdn Bruno Kessler, Ist Foton & Nanotecnol, I-38122 Trento, Trento, Italy. [Giordano, C.; Margesin, B.] Fdn Bruno Kessler, I-38122 Trento, Trento, Italy. [Mezzena, R.] Univ Trento, I-38122 Trento, Trento, Italy. RP Faverzani, M (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy.; Faverzani, M (reprint author), INFN Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM marco.faverzani@mib.infn.it; dan.becker@nist.gov; douglas.bennet@nist.gov; peter.k.day@jpl.nasa.gov; falferi@fbk.eu; elena.ferri@mib.infn.it; joe.fowler@nist.gov; johnathon.gard@nist.gov; andrea.giachero@mib.infn.it; cgiordano@fbk.eu; james.hays-wehle@nist.gov; gene.hilton@nist.gov; matteo.maino@mib.infn.it; margesin@fbk.eu; john.mates@nist.gov; mezzena@science.unitn.it; riccardo.nizzolo@mib.infn.it; angelo.nucciotti@mib.infn.it; andrei.puiu@mib.infn.it; carl.reintsema@nist.gov; dan.schmidt@nist.gov; daniel.swetz@nist.gov; ullom@boulder.nist.gov; leila.vale@nist.gov; lorenzo.zanetti@mib.infn.it RI Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Ferri, Elena/L-8531-2014 OI Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Ferri, Elena/0000-0003-1425-3669 FU Fondazione Cariplo through the project "Development of Microresonator Detectors for Neutrino Physics" [2010-2351] FX The work on microwave kinetic inductance detectors was supported by the Fondazione Cariplo through the project "Development of Microresonator Detectors for Neutrino Physics" under Grant 2010-2351. (Corresponding author : M. Faverzani.) NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD APR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 AR 2100204 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2540242 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DM2PR UT WOS:000376189300001 ER PT J AU Hao, ZC Hao, FH Xia, YL Singh, VP Hong, Y Shen, XY Ouyang, W AF Hao, Zengchao Hao, Fanghua Xia, Youlong Singh, Vijay P. Hong, Yang Shen, Xinyi Ouyang, Wei TI A Statistical Method for Categorical Drought Prediction Based on NLDAS-2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; UNITED-STATES; METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT; SEASONAL PREDICTION; MODEL; INDEX; INFORMATION; REGRESSION; FORECASTS; MONITOR AB Drought is a slowly varying natural phenomenon and may have wide impacts on a range of sectors. Tremendous efforts have therefore been devoted to drought monitoring and prediction to reduce potential impacts of drought. Reliable drought prediction is critically important to provide information ahead of time for early warning to facilitate drought-preparedness plans. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) is a composite drought product that depicts drought conditions in categorical forms, and it has been widely used to track drought and its impacts for operational and research purposes. The USDM is an assessment of drought condition but does not provide drought prediction information. Given the wide application of USDM, drought prediction in a categorical form similar to that of USDM would be of considerable importance, but it has not been explored thus far. This study proposes a statistical method for categorical drought prediction by integrating the USDM drought category as an initial condition with drought information from other sources such as drought indices from land surface simulation or statistical prediction. Incorporating USDM drought categories and drought indices from phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2), the proposed method is tested in Texas for 2001-14. Results show satisfactory performance of the proposed method for categorical drought prediction, which provides useful information to aid early warning for drought-preparedness plans. C1 [Hao, Zengchao; Hao, Fanghua; Ouyang, Wei] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Green Dev Inst, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Xia, Youlong] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shen, Xinyi] Univ Connecticut, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Hao, ZC (reprint author), 19 XinJieKouWai St, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM haozc@bnu.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU program of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for Science and Technology Research of China [2012BAD15B05]; Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University [2015NT02] FX The authors are grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work is supported by the program of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for Science and Technology Research of China (2012BAD15B05) and Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University (Grant 2015NT02). We thank the Environmental Modeling Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Prediction for providing the NLDAS-2 datasets. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1061 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0200.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3GF UT WOS:000376234100002 ER PT J AU Dong, S Li, JJ Li, X Wei, Y AF Dong Sheng Li Jingjing Li Xue Wei Yong TI Study of Vertical Breakwater Reliability Based on Copulas SO JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA LA English DT Article DE vertical breakwater; reliability; Archimedean copula; goodness of fit; bivariate logistic Gumbel distribution; bivariate Lognormal distribution; multivariate distribution ID CAISSON BREAKWATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DESIGN METHOD; STABILITY AB The reliability of a vertical breakwater is calculated using direct integration methods based on joint density functions. The horizontal and uplifting wave forces on the vertical breakwater can be well fitted by the lognormal and the Gumbel distributions, respectively. The joint distribution of the horizontal and uplifting wave forces is analyzed using different probabilistic distributions, including the bivariate logistic Gumbel distribution, the bivariate lognormal distribution, and three bivariate Archimedean copulas functions constructed with different marginal distributions simultaneously. We use the fully nested copulas to construct multivariate distributions taking into account related variables. Different goodness fitting tests are carried out to determine the best bivariate copula model for wave forces on a vertical breakwater. We show that a bivariate model constructed by Frank copula gives the best reliability analysis, using marginal distributions of Gumbel and lognormal to account for uplifting pressure and horizontal wave force on a vertical breakwater, respectively. The results show that failure probability of the vertical breakwater calculated by multivariate density function is comparable to those by the Joint Committee on Structural Safety methods. As copulas are suitable for constructing a bivariate or multivariate joint distribution, they have great potential in reliability analysis for other coastal structures. C1 [Dong Sheng; Li Jingjing; Li Xue] Ocean Univ China, Coll Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Wei Yong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dong, S (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. EM dongsh@ouc.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51279186, 51479183]; 111 Project [B14028]; Chinese Scholarship Council FX The study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279186, 51479183) and the 111 Project (B14028). The first author thanks the Chinese Scholarship Council for funding his research in University of Washington. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments for the improvement of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU OCEAN UNIV CHINA PI QINGDAO PA 5 YUSHAN RD, QINGDAO, 266003, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-5182 EI 1993-5021 J9 J OCEAN U CHINA JI J. OCEAN UNIV. PD APR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s11802-016-2692-7 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DM0HE UT WOS:000376023500005 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. TI Renyi information from entropic effects in one higher dimension SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE entanglement in extended quantum systems (theory); Casimir effect (theory) ID ENTANGLEMENT ENTROPY; CASIMIR FORCE; FIELD-THEORY; SYSTEMS AB Computing entanglement entropy and its cousins is often challenging even in the simplest continuum and lattice models, partly because such entropies depend nontrivially on all geometric characteristics of the entangling region. Quantum information measures between two or more regions are even more complicated, but contain more, and universal, information. In this paper, we focus on Renyi entropy and information of the order n = 2. For a free field theory, we show that these quantities are mapped to the change of the thermodynamic free energy by introducing boundaries subject to Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in one higher dimension. This mapping allows us to exploit the powerful tools available in the context of thermal Casimir effect, specifically a multipole expansion suited for computing the Renyi information between arbitrarily-shaped regions. In particular, we compute the Renyi information between two disk-shaped regions at an arbitrary separation distance. We provide an alternative representation of the Renyi information as a sum over closed-loop polymers, which establishes a connection to purely entropic effects, and proves useful in deriving information inequalities. Finally, we discuss extensions of our results beyond free field theories. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magrebi@umd.edu FU NSF PIF; AFOSR; ARO; ARL; NSF PFC at the JQI; AFOSR MURI FX I am grateful to N Graham for useful discussions regarding spheroidal functions, and to R L Jaffe for his unpublished notes on multiple reflections with capacitance matrices. I also acknowledge useful correspondence with H J Schnitzer. This work was supported by the NSF PIF, AFOSR, ARO, ARL, NSF PFC at the JQI, and AFOSR MURI. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD APR PY 2016 AR 043102 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2016/04/043102 PG 29 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA DL5VO UT WOS:000375705300002 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Satterfield, E McLay, J Hamill, TM Scheuerer, M AF Hodyss, Daniel Satterfield, Elizabeth McLay, Justin Hamill, Thomas M. Scheuerer, Michael TI Inaccuracies with Multimodel Postprocessing Methods Involving Weighted, Regression-Corrected Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE FORECASTS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; ENSEMBLES; SCHEMES AB Ensemble postprocessing is frequently applied to correct biases and deficiencies in the spread of ensemble forecasts. Methods involving weighted, regression-corrected forecasts address the typical biases and under-dispersion of ensembles through a regression correction of ensemble members followed by the generation of a probability density function (PDF) from the weighted sum of kernels fit around each corrected member. The weighting step accounts for the situation where the ensemble is constructed from different model forecasts or generated in some way that creates ensemble members that do not represent equally likely states. In the present work, it is shown that an overweighting of climatology in weighted, regression-corrected forecasts can occur when one first performs a regression-based correction before weighting each member. This overweighting of climatology results in an increase in the mean-squared error of the mean of the predicted PDF. The overweighting of climatology is illustrated in a simulation study and a real-data study, where the reference is generated through a direct application of Bayes's rule. The real-data example is a comparison of a particular method referred to as Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and a direct application of Bayes's rule for ocean wave heights using U.S. Navy and National Weather Service global deterministic forecasts. This direct application of Bayes's rule is shown to not overweight climatology and may be a low-cost replacement for the generally more expensive weighted, regression-correction methods. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel; Satterfield, Elizabeth; McLay, Justin] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Scheuerer, Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478 FU NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N] FX This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. We thank three anonymous reviewers for very conscientious critiques that have helped us greatly improve the manuscript. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1668 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0204.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM1RY UT WOS:000376125100001 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS Brown, JM Hu, M Alexander, CR Smirnova, TG Olson, JB James, EP Dowell, DC Grell, GA Lin, HD Peckham, SE Smith, TL Moninger, WR Kenyon, JS Manikin, GS AF Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. Brown, John M. Hu, Ming Alexander, Curtis R. Smirnova, Tatiana G. Olson, Joseph B. James, Eric P. Dowell, David C. Grell, Georg A. Lin, Haidao Peckham, Steven E. Smith, Tracy Lorraine Moninger, William R. Kenyon, Jaymes S. Manikin, Geoffrey S. TI A North American Hourly Assimilation and Model Forecast Cycle: The Rapid Refresh SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; STABLY STRATIFIED FLOWS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CASES-97 OBSERVATIONS; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; WEATHER PREDICTION; COORDINATE MODEL; DIURNAL-CYCLE AB The Rapid Refresh (RAP), an hourly updated assimilation and model forecast system, replaced the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) as an operational regional analysis and forecast system among the suite of models at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2012. The need for an effective hourly updated assimilation and modeling system for the United States for situational awareness and related decision-making has continued to increase for various applications including aviation (and transportation in general), severe weather, and energy. The RAP is distinct from the previous RUC in three primary aspects: a larger geographical domain (covering North America), use of the community-based Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (ARW) replacing the RUC forecast model, and use of the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI) instead of the RUC three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar). As part of the RAP development, modifications have been made to the community ARW model (especially in model physics) and GSI assimilation systems, some based on previous model and assimilation design innovations developed initially with the RUC. Upper-air comparison is included for forecast verification against both rawinsondes and aircraft reports, the latter allowing hourly verification. In general, the RAP produces superior forecasts to those from the RUC, and its skill has continued to increase from 2012 up to RAP version 3 as of 2015. In addition, the RAP can improve on persistence forecasts for the 1-3-h forecast range for surface, upper-air, and ceiling forecasts. C1 [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Stephen S.; Brown, John M.; Hu, Ming; Alexander, Curtis R.; Smirnova, Tatiana G.; Olson, Joseph B.; James, Eric P.; Dowell, David C.; Grell, Georg A.; Lin, Haidao; Peckham, Steven E.; Smith, Tracy Lorraine; Moninger, William R.; Kenyon, Jaymes S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manikin, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Hu, Ming; Alexander, Curtis R.; Smirnova, Tatiana G.; Olson, Joseph B.; James, Eric P.; Peckham, Steven E.; Moninger, William R.; Kenyon, Jaymes S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Haidao; Smith, Tracy Lorraine] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Benjamin, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 FU NOAA; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); Department of Energy FX The RAP was developed under significant support from NOAA, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the Department of Energy. We thank Isidora Jankov, Hongli Jiang, and John Osborn of NOAA/ESRL for helpful reviews. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and the journal editor for extremely thorough and very thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1669 EP 1694 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0242.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM1RY UT WOS:000376125100002 ER PT J AU Sakaeda, N Roundy, PE AF Sakaeda, Naoko Roundy, Paul E. TI The intraseasonal atmospheric angular momentum associated with MJO convective initiations SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; atmospheric angular momentum; momentum budget; intraseasonal convective initiation ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; VARYING BASIC STATE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; CIRCULATION; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; TROPICS; 40-DAY; MODEL; FLOW AB The first part of this study examines the driving mechanisms of the equatorial intraseasonal relative atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) and its dynamical relationship to the upper-tropospheric zonal wind over the Western Hemisphere (WH) during the convective initiation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Indian Ocean. The budget analysis shows that the main driver of the equatorial intraseasonal AAM anomaly is the meridional transport of momentum induced by the modulation of the background subtropical eddies by the intraseasonal eddies. While the subtropical eddies over the central Pacific basin partly drive the equatorial AAM by meridionally transporting the momentum, the equatorial zonal wind associated with the same subtropical eddies is zonally advected and locally amplified over the east Pacific and Atlantic basins. The common source phenomena that transport momentum result in simultaneous evolution of the WH upper-tropospheric zonal wind and the AAM on intraseasonal time-scales, but their main driving mechanisms are different. The second part of the study investigates the influence of the equatorial intraseasonal AAM state on the subsequent development of initiating MJO convection over the Indian Ocean. In the presence of the WH upper-tropospheric easterly wind, MJO convection tends to develop a stronger enhanced convective envelope when the initiation occurs during the negative intraseasonal AAM state, which strengthens and extends the upper-tropospheric easterly wind in the WH. When the AAM anomaly is positive, it tends to induce stronger mid-tropospheric convergence above the region of convective initiation, thereby suppressing the lower-tropospheric updraught and suppressing the further growth of convection. The results show that the combined effects of the WH circumnavigating circulation and the AAM can influence the subsequent development of MJO convection over the Indian Ocean. C1 [Sakaeda, Naoko] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY USA. RP Sakaeda, N (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM naoko.sakaeda@noaa.gov FU NSF [AGS1358214, AGS1128779] FX We thank two anomalous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by NSF grant numbers AGS1358214 and AGS1128779. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 696 BP 1371 EP 1384 DI 10.1002/qj.2740 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9BF UT WOS:000375935600016 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Arribas, A Athanassiadou, M Baehr, J Calvo, N Charlton-Perez, A Deque, M Domeisen, DIV Frohlich, K Hendon, H Imada, Y Ishii, M Iza, M Karpechko, AY Kumar, A MacLachlan, C Merryfield, WJ Muller, WA O'Neill, A Scaife, AA Scinocca, J Sigmond, M Stockdale, TN Yasuda, T AF Butler, Amy H. Arribas, Alberto Athanassiadou, Maria Baehr, Johanna Calvo, Natalia Charlton-Perez, Andrew Deque, Michel Domeisen, Daniela I. V. Froehlich, Kristina Hendon, Harry Imada, Yukiko Ishii, Masayoshi Iza, Maddalen Karpechko, Alexey Yu. Kumar, Arun MacLachlan, Craig Merryfield, William J. Mueller, Wolfgang A. O'Neill, Alan Scaife, Adam A. Scinocca, John Sigmond, Michael Stockdale, Timothy N. Yasuda, Tamaki TI The Climate-system Historical Forecast Project: do stratosphere-resolving models make better seasonal climate predictions in boreal winter? SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE seasonal prediction; stratosphere-troposphere coupling; stratosphere; El Nino/Southern Oscillation; Quasi-Biennial Oscillation; North Atlantic Oscillation ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LOW-TOP VERSIONS; CMIP5 MODELS; EL-NINO; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; HEMISPHERE WINTER; GRAVITY-WAVES; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY AB Using an international, multi-model suite of historical forecasts from the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Climate-system Historical Forecast Project (CHFP), we compare the seasonal prediction skill in boreal wintertime between models that resolve the stratosphere and its dynamics (high-top') and models that do not (low-top'). We evaluate hindcasts that are initialized in November, and examine the model biases in the stratosphere and how they relate to boreal wintertime (December-March) seasonal forecast skill. We are unable to detect more skill in the high-top ensemble-mean than the low-top ensemble-mean in forecasting the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation, but model performance varies widely. Increasing the ensemble size clearly increases the skill for a given model. We then examine two major processes involving stratosphere-troposphere interactions (the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO)) and how they relate to predictive skill on intraseasonal to seasonal time-scales, particularly over the North Atlantic and Eurasia regions. High-top models tend to have a more realistic stratospheric response to El Nino and the QBO compared to low-top models. Enhanced conditional wintertime skill over high latitudes and the North Atlantic region during winters with El Nino conditions suggests a possible role for a stratospheric pathway. C1 [Butler, Amy H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arribas, Alberto; Athanassiadou, Maria; MacLachlan, Craig; Scaife, Adam A.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Baehr, Johanna] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Oceanog, Hamburg, Germany. [Calvo, Natalia; Iza, Maddalen] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Charlton-Perez, Andrew; O'Neill, Alan] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Deque, Michel] CNRS GAME, Meteo France Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Domeisen, Daniela I. V.] Univ Kiel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Froehlich, Kristina] Deutsch Wetterdienst DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Hendon, Harry] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Imada, Yukiko; Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. [Karpechko, Alexey Yu.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Merryfield, William J.; Scinocca, John; Sigmond, Michael] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Mueller, Wolfgang A.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Stockdale, Timothy N.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Yasuda, Tamaki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; IZA, MADDALEN/0000-0002-6162-5501; Domeisen, Daniela/0000-0002-1463-929X FU Academy of Finland [286298] FX We acknowledge the WCRP/CLIVAR Working Group on Seasonal to Interannual Prediction (WGSIP) for establishing the Climate-system Historical Forecast Project (CHFP: Kirtman and Pirani, 2009) and the Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmosfera (CIMA) for providing the model output. We also thank the data providers for making the model output available through CHFP. We have no potential sources of conflict of interest. The contribution of AYK is funded by the Academy of Finland, project no. 286298. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 142 IS 696 BP 1413 EP 1427 DI 10.1002/qj.2743 PN A PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL9BF UT WOS:000375935600019 ER PT J AU Bernier, NB Alves, JHGM Tolman, H Chawla, A Peel, S Pouliot, B Belanger, JM Pellerin, P Lepine, M Roch, M AF Bernier, Natacha B. Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M. Tolman, Hendrik Chawla, Arun Peel, Syd Pouliot, Benoit Belanger, Jean-Marc Pellerin, Pierre Lepine, Mario Roch, Michel TI Operational Wave Prediction System at Environment Canada: Going Global to Improve Regional Forecast Skill SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; BUOY DATA; IMPLEMENTATION; SWELL AB A global deterministic wave prediction system (GDWPS) is used to improve regional forecasts of waves off the Canadian coastline and help support the practice of safe marine activities in Canadian waters. The wave model has a grid spacing of 1/4 degrees with spectral resolution of 36 frequency bins and 36 directional bins. The wave model is driven with hourly 10-m winds generated by the operational global atmospheric prediction system. Ice conditions are updated every three hours using the ice concentration forecasts generated by the Global Ice-Ocean Prediction System. Wave forecasts are evaluated over two periods from 15 August to 31 October 2014 and from 15 December 2014 to 28 February 2015, as well as over select cases during the fall of 2012. The global system is shown to improve wave forecast skill over regions where forecasts were previously produced using limited-area models only. The usefulness of a global expansion is demonstrated for large swell events affecting the northeast Pacific. The first validation of a Canadian operational wave forecast system in the Arctic is presented. Improvements in the representation of forecast wave fields associated with tropical cyclones are also demonstrated. Finally, the GDWPS is shown to result in gains of at least 12 h of lead time. C1 [Bernier, Natacha B.; Peel, Syd; Pouliot, Benoit; Belanger, Jean-Marc; Pellerin, Pierre; Roch, Michel] Environm Canada, Rech Previs Numer Environm, 2121 Route Trans Canadienne, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Alves, Jose-Henrique G. M.; Tolman, Hendrik; Chawla, Arun] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Lepine, Mario] Environm Canada, Serv Informat Rech, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Bernier, NB (reprint author), Environm Canada, Rech Previs Numer Environm, 2121 Route Trans Canadienne, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. EM natacha.bernier@ec.gc.ca FU PERD [B11.001]; SARNif [SN201222] FX The authors thank reviewers whose comments were very valuable. NBB also thanks PERD B11.001 and SARNif SN201222 for financial support. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 353 EP 370 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0087.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300001 ER PT J AU Nelson, BR Prat, OP Seo, DJ Habib, E AF Nelson, Brian R. Prat, Olivier P. Seo, D. -J. Habib, Emad TI Assessment and Implications of NCEP Stage IV Quantitative Precipitation Estimates for Product Intercomparisons SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; TROPICAL CYCLONES; WSR-88D DATA; RIVER-BASIN; PART II; SATELLITE; RADAR; FORECASTS AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stage IV quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) are used in many studies for intercomparisons including those for satellite QPEs. An overview of the National Weather Service precipitation processing system is provided here so as to set the stage IV product in context and to provide users with some knowledge as to how it is developed. Then, an assessment of the stage IV product over the period 2002-12 is provided. The assessment shows that the stage IV product can be useful for conditional comparisons of moderate-to-heavy rainfall for select seasons and locations. When evaluating the product at the daily scale, there are many discontinuities due to the operational processing at the radar site as well as discontinuities due to the merging of data from different River Forecast Centers (RFCs) that use much different processing algorithms for generating their precipitation estimates. An assessment of the daily precipitation estimates is provided based on the cumulative distribution function for all of the daily estimates for each RFC by season. In addition it is found that the hourly estimates at certain RFCs suffer from lack of manual quality control and caution should be used. C1 [Nelson, Brian R.; Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Seo, D. -J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Habib, Emad] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Nelson, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM brian.nelson@noaa.gov RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX The second author is supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. In addition the authors would like to express their gratitude to the reviewers for the in-depth reviews. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 371 EP 394 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00112.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300002 ER PT J AU Line, WE Schmit, TJ Lindsey, DT Goodman, SJ AF Line, William E. Schmit, Timothy J. Lindsey, Daniel T. Goodman, Steven J. TI Use of Geostationary Super Rapid Scan Satellite Imagery by the Storm Prediction Center SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID GOES-R; INITIATION AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-14 (GOES-14) Imager was operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in an experimental rapid scan 1-min mode during parts of 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. This scan mode, known as the Super Rapid Scan Operations for GOES-R (SRSOR), emulates the high-temporal-resolution sampling that will be provided by the Advanced Baseline Imager on the next-generation GOES-R series. NOAA/National Weather Service/Storm Prediction Center (SPC) forecasters utilized the 1-min imagery extensively in operations when available over convectively active regions. They found it provided them with unique insight into relevant features and processes before, during, and after convective initiation. This paper introduces how the SRSOR datasets from GOES-14 were used by SPC forecasters and how these data are likely to be applied when available operationally from GOES-R. Several animations, included as supplemental material, showcase the rapid change of severe weather related phenomena observed during the 2014 and 2015 SRSOR campaigns from the GOES-14 Imager. C1 [Line, William E.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Line, William E.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, NESDIS, GOES R Program Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Line, WE (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bill.line@noaa.gov RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX More information about the GOES-R series can be found online (http://www.goes-r.gov). More information about the SRSOR campaigns in 2012, 2013 2014, and 2015 is also available online (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/srsor/overview_training.html). Additional information on many of these cases can be found in the CIMSS Satellite blog, under the GOES-14 category (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/category/goes-14) and in the Satellite Liaison blog, under the SPC category (https://satelliteliaisonblog.wordpress.com/category/spc/). Thanks are given to NOAA/NESDIS for the operation of GOES-14 in the SRSOR mode; to CIRA/NESDIS/RAMMB, the SSEC Data Center, and NOAA CLASS for ingesting, delivering, and archiving the data; and to the SPC forecasters for providing detailed feedback on their use of the GOES-14 SRSOR data in SPC operations. Thanks are also given to Robert Rabin (National Severe Storms Laboratory), Israel Jirak (NOAA/NWS/NCEP/SPC), and Steven Weiss (NOAA/NWS/NCEP/SPC). Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0135.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300008 ER PT J AU Garraffo, ZD Kim, HC Mehra, A Spindler, T Rivin, I Tolman, HL AF Garraffo, Zulema D. Kim, Hae-Cheol Mehra, Avichal Spindler, Todd Rivin, Ilya Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Modeling of Cs-137 as a Tracer in a Regional Model for the Western Pacific, after the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident of March 2011 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DAI-ICHI; OCEAN MODEL; INTERMEDIATE WATER; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DATA ASSIMILATION; KUROSHIO; CIRCULATION; DISPERSION; SYSTEM; TRANSPORT AB In this study, results are presented from the first operational ocean tracer dispersion model operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA/NWS/NCEP). This study addresses the dispersion of radionuclide contaminants after the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident that was triggered by the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. The tracer capabilities of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) were used in a regional domain for the northwestern Pacific, with nesting lateral boundary conditions using daily nowcast-forecast fields from the global operational Real-Time Ocean Forecast System (RTOFS-Global), a 1/12 degrees HYCOM global forecast from NCEP, based on data-assimilative 1/12 degrees HYCOM Global Ocean Forecast System (GOFS) analyses from the Naval Research Laboratory/Naval Oceanographic Office (NRL/NAVOCEANO). This regional model, RTOFS Episodic Tracers for a region of the North West Pacific (RTOFS-ET_WPA), was in operation until the beginning of 2014, when the simulated Cs-137 concentration was very close to the background level in the Pacific before the accident, which was about 2 Becquerel m(-3) [Bq; 1 Becquerel = 1 (nuclear decay) s(-1)]. C1 [Garraffo, Zulema D.; Kim, Hae-Cheol; Spindler, Todd; Rivin, Ilya] NOAA, NCEP, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Mehra, Avichal; Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Garraffo, ZD (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zulema.garraffo@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 553 EP 579 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00101.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300012 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP DeMaria, M AF Kossin, James P. DeMaria, Mark TI Reducing Operational Hurricane Intensity Forecast Errors during Eyewall Replacement Cycles SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are fairly common events in tropical cyclones (TCs) of hurricane intensity or greater and typically cause large and sometimes rapid changes in the intensity evolution of the TC. Although the details of the intensity evolution associated with ERCs appear to have some dependence on the ambient environmental conditions that the TCs move through, these dependencies can also be quite different than those of TCs that are not undergoing an ERC. For example, the Statistical Hurricane Prediction Scheme (SHIPS), which is used in National Hurricane Center operations and provides intensity forecast skill that is, on average, equal to or greater than deterministic numerical model skill, typically identifies an environment that is not indicative of weakening during the onset and subsequent evolution of an ERC. Contrarily, a period of substantial weakening does typically begin near the onset of an ERC, and this disparity can cause large SHIPS intensity forecast errors. Here, a simple model based on a climatology of ERC intensity change is introduced and tested against SHIPS. It is found that the application of the model can reduce intensity forecast error substantially when applied at, or shortly after, the onset of ERC weakening. C1 [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, Asheville, NC USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM james.kossin@noaa.gov RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU Joint Hurricane Testbed Project within NOAA's U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) FX Funding and support for the development of this statistical intensity forecast model was provided by the Joint Hurricane Testbed Project within NOAA's U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP). We are especially grateful to Chris Landsea and a number of National Hurricane Center specialists for their input and guidance. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0123.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300014 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Brown, JM Smirnova, TG AF Benjamin, Stanley G. Brown, John M. Smirnova, Tatiana G. TI Explicit Precipitation-Type Diagnosis from a Model Using a Mixed-Phase Bulk Cloud-Precipitation Microphysics Parameterization SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WINTER PRECIPITATION; OPERATIONAL SYSTEM; OBJECTIVE USE; FORECASTS AB The Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), both operational at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) use the Thompson et al. mixed-phase bulk cloud microphysics scheme. This scheme permits predicted surface precipitation to simultaneously consist of rain, snow, and graupel at the same location under certain conditions. Here, the explicit precipitation-type diagnostic method is described as used in conjunction with the Thompson et al. scheme in the RAP and HRRR models. The postprocessing logic combines the explicitly predicted multispecies hydrometeor data and other information from the model forecasts to produce fields of surface precipitation type that distinguish between rain and freezing rain, and to also portray areas of mixed precipitation. This explicit precipitation-type diagnostic method is used with the NOAA operational RAP and HRRR models. Verification from two winter seasons from 2013 to 2015 is provided against METAR surface observations. An example of this product from a January 2015 south-central United States winter storm is also shown. C1 [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Brown, John M.; Smirnova, Tatiana G.] NOAA, ESRL, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smirnova, TG (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R GSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 FU Federal Aviation Administration FX We thank Joseph Koval at The Weather Company and Kyoko Ikeda and her NCAR colleagues for their help in identifying problems with the precipitation-type diagnosis that led to improvements in the scheme now documented in this article. We also thank Greg Thompson at the National Center for Atmospheric Research for ongoing collaboration, and colleagues at NOAA/ESRL, especially Curtis Alexander and Brian Jamison, for their help on evaluation of the precipitation type algorithm described here. We thank Kim Elmore and his colleagues at NSSL for prompting identification of need for the IP criterion resetting. Ongoing changes in the precipitation-type diagnostic described in this paper are tracked online (http://ruc.noaa.gov/rr/RAP_var_diagnosis.html#ptype). Finally, we thank Trevor Alcott, David Dowell, and John Osborn (NOAA/ESRL) for very helpful reviews. The Federal Aviation Administration has partially supported some of this work. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 609 EP 619 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0136.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300015 ER PT J AU Iyer, ER Clark, AJ Xue, M Kong, FY AF Iyer, Eswar R. Clark, Adam J. Xue, Ming Kong, Fanyou TI A Comparison of 36-60-h Precipitation Forecasts from Convection-Allowing and Convection-Parameterizing Ensembles SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; YAMADA LEVEL-3 MODEL; PART I; HIGH-RESOLUTION; WRF MODEL; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; REGIONAL PREDICTION AB Previous studies examining convection-allowing models (CAMs), as well as NOAA/Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments (SFEs) have typically emphasized "day 1" (12-36 h) forecast guidance. These studies find a distinct advantage in CAMs relative to models that parameterize convection, especially for fields strongly tied to convection like precipitation. During the 2014 SFE, "day 2" (36-60 h) forecast products from a CAM ensemble provided by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma were examined. Quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from the CAPS ensemble, known as the Storm Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system, are compared to NCEP's operational Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system, which provides lateral boundary conditions for the SSEF, to see if the CAM ensemble outperforms the SREF through forecast hours 36-60. Equitable threat scores (ETSs) were computed for precipitation thresholds ranging from 0.10 to 0.75 in. for each SSEF and SREF member, as well as ensemble means, for 3-h accumulation periods. The ETS difference between the SSEF and SREF peaked during hours 36-42. Probabilistic forecasts were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC area). The SSEF had higher values of ROC area, especially at thresholds >= 0.50 in. Additionally, time longitude diagrams of diurnally averaged rainfall were constructed for each SSEF/SREF ensemble member. Spatial correlation coefficients between forecasts and observations in time longitude space indicated that the SSEF depicted the diurnal cycle much better than the SREF, which underforecasted precipitation with a peak that had a 3-h phase lag. A minority of SREF members performed well. C1 [Iyer, Eswar R.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Iyer, Eswar R.; Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Iyer, ER (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, NWC, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM eswar.iyer@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program; NSF [AGS-0802888] FX This work was made possible by a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). Additional support was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. CAPS SSEF forecasts were supported by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) program with supplementary support from NSF Grant AGS-0802888, using computing resources at the National Science Foundation XSEDE National Institute of Computational Science (NICS) at the University of Tennessee. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 647 EP 661 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0143.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300018 ER PT J AU Kalina, EA Friedrich, K Motta, BC Deierling, W Stano, GT Rydell, NN AF Kalina, Evan A. Friedrich, Katja Motta, Brian C. Deierling, Wiebke Stano, Geoffrey T. Rydell, Nezette N. TI Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar, and Lightning Characteristics SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-POLARIZATION RADAR; 24 JUNE 2006; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; CONVECTIVE STORMS; HAIL GROWTH; PART II; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; SOUTHWESTERN FRANCE; 3-BODY SCATTERING; MAPPING ARRAY AB Synoptic weather, S-band dual-polarization radar, and total lightning observations are analyzed from four thunderstorms that produced "plowable" hail accumulations of 15-60 cm in localized areas of the Colorado Front Range. Results indicate that moist, relatively slow (5-15 m s(-1)) southwesterly-to-westerly flow at 500 hPa and postfrontal low-level upslope flow, with 2-m dewpoint temperatures of 11 degrees-19 degrees C at 1200 LST, were present on each plowable hail day. This pattern resulted in column-integrated precipitable water values that were 132 %-184% of the monthly means and freezing-level heights that were 100-700 m higher than average. Radar data indicate that between one and three maxima in reflectivity Z (68-75 dBZ) and 50-dBZ echo-top height (11-15 km MSL) occurred over the lifetime of each hailstorm. These maxima, which imply an enhancement in updraft strength, resulted in increased graupel and hail production and accumulating hail at the surface within 30 min of the highest echo tops. The hail core had Z similar to 70 dBZ, differential reflectivity ZDR from 0 to -4 dB, and correlation coefficient rho(HV) of 0.80-0.95. Time-height plots reveal that these minima in ZDR and rho(HV) gradually descended to the surface after originating at heights of 6-10 km MSL similar to 15-60 min prior to accumulating hailfall. Hail accumulations estimated from the radar data pinpoint the times and locations of plowable hail, with depths greater than 5 cm collocated with the plowable hail reports. Three of the four hail events were accompanied by lightning flash rates near the maximum observed thus far within the thunderstorm. C1 [Kalina, Evan A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kalina, Evan A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Friedrich, Katja] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Motta, Brian C.] NOAA, NWS, Off Chief Learning Officer Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. [Deierling, Wiebke] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stano, Geoffrey T.] NASA, Shortterm Predict Res & Transit Ctr SPoRT ENSCO I, Huntsville, AL USA. [Rydell, Nezette N.] NOAA, NWS, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kalina, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM evan.kalina@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DGE-1144083] FX We thank the employees of the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Boulder for providing valuable feedback on this study. We also thank Mike Dixon (NCAR) for his assistance in using the Radx C++ software package for radar data processing, and Scott Ellis (NCAR) for his help in using Solo II to view and edit the radar data. Feedback from three anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program under DGE-1144083. A portion of this research was performed while EAK held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Earth System Research Laboratory and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 663 EP 693 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0037.1 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM2ZJ UT WOS:000376216300019 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Francke, DL Alessi, S Jones, TT Martin, SL Kurpita, L King, CS Baird, RW AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Francke, Devon L. Alessi, Sarah Jones, T. Todd Martin, Summer L. Kurpita, Lauren King, Cheryl S. Baird, Robin W. TI The developmental biogeography of hawksbill sea turtles in the North Pacific SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; coastal ecology; natal dispersal; ocean plastics; pollution; spatial structure ID ANTHROPOGENIC DEBRIS INGESTION; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE DEBRIS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; GREEN TURTLES; HABITAT USE; LOST YEARS; STRANDINGS AB High seas oceanic ecosystems are considered important habitat for juvenile sea turtles, yet much remains cryptic about this important life-history period. Recent progress on climate and fishery impacts in these so-called lost years is promising, but the developmental biogeography of hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) has not been widely described in the Pacific Ocean. This knowledge gap limits the effectiveness of conservation management for this globally endangered species. We address this with 30 years of stranding observations, 20 years of bycatch records, and recent simulations of natal dispersal trajectories in the Hawaiian Archipelago. We synthesize the analyses of these data in the context of direct empirical observations, anecdotal sightings, and historical commercial harvests from the insular Pacific. We find hawksbills 04 years of age, measuring 8-34 cm straight carapace length, are found predominantly in the coastal pelagic waters of Hawaii. Unlike other species, we find no direct evidence of a prolonged presence in oceanic habitats, yet satellite tracks of passive drifters (simulating natal dispersal) and our small sample sizes suggest that an oceanic phase for hawksbills cannot be dismissed. Importantly, despite over 600 million hooks deployed and nearly 6000 turtle interactions, longline fisheries have never recorded a single hawksbill take. We address whether the patterns we observe are due to population size and gear selectivity. Although most sea turtle species demonstrate clear patterns of oceanic development, hawksbills in the North Pacific may by contrast occupy a variety of ecosystems including coastal pelagic waters and shallow reefs in remote atolls. This focuses attention on hazards in these ecosystems - entanglement and ingestion of marine debris - and perhaps away from longline bycatch and decadal climate regimes that affect sea turtle development in oceanic regions. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Jones, T. Todd] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Francke, Devon L.; Alessi, Sarah] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Martin, Summer L.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kurpita, Lauren] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kurpita, Lauren] World Turtle Trust, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [King, Cheryl S.] Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Paia, HI 96779 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 FU Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering FX This study was supported by a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering to KV. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 19 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2378 EP 2389 DI 10.1002/ece3.2034 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DJ9YD UT WOS:000374568300012 PM 27110350 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JC Ward, EJ Scheuerell, MD Zabel, RW AF Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. Ward, Eric J. Scheuerell, Mark D. Zabel, Richard W. TI Assessing spatial covariance among time series of abundance SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Columbia River; dynamic factor analysis; metapopulation; multivariate autoregressive state-space models; population spatial structure; species diversity ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; THREATENED PACIFIC SALMON; STATE-SPACE MODELS; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MARINE SURVIVAL; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY AB For species of conservation concern, an essential part of the recovery planning process is identifying discrete population units and their location with respect to one another. A common feature among geographically proximate populations is that the number of organisms tends to covary through time as a consequence of similar responses to exogenous influences. In turn, high covariation among populations can threaten the persistence of the larger metapopulation. Historically, explorations of the covariance in population size of species with many (>10) time series have been computationally difficult. Here, we illustrate how dynamic factor analysis (DFA) can be used to characterize diversity among time series of population abundances and the degree to which all populations can be represented by a few common signals. Our application focuses on anadromous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a species listed under the US Endangered Species Act, that is impacted by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors. Specifically, we fit DFA models to 24 time series of population abundance and used model selection to identify the minimum number of latent variables that explained the most temporal variation after accounting for the effects of environmental covariates. We found support for grouping the time series according to 5 common latent variables. The top model included two covariates: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in spring and summer. The assignment of populations to the latent variables matched the currently established population structure at a broad spatial scale. At a finer scale, there was more population grouping complexity. Some relatively distant populations were grouped together, and some relatively close populations - considered to be more aligned with each other - were more associated with populations further away. These coarse-and fine-grained examinations of spatial structure are important because they reveal different structural patterns not evident in other analyses. C1 [Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jorgensen, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Jorgensen, JC (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.jorgensen@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was funded in part from grants to the Northwest Fisheries Science Center from the Bonneville Power Administration and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2472 EP 2485 DI 10.1002/ece3.2031 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DJ9YD UT WOS:000374568300019 PM 27066234 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Wittenberg, AT Enfield, DB Weaver, SJ Wang, CZ Atlas, R AF Lee, Sang-Ki Wittenberg, Andrew T. Enfield, David B. Weaver, Scott J. Wang, Chunzai Atlas, Robert TI US regional tornado outbreaks and their links to spring ENSO phases and North Atlantic SST variability SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE US tornado outbreaks; springtime ENSO phases; North Atlantic SST tripole; ENSO teleconnections; ENSO diversity; ENSO flavors ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; EL-NINO; REANALYSIS PROJECT; CLIMATE RESPONSE; GREAT-PLAINS; LA-NINA; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION AB Recent violent and widespread tornado outbreaks in the US, such as occurred in the spring of 2011, have caused devastating societal impact with significant loss of life and property. At present, our capacity to predict US tornado and other severe weather risk does not extend beyond seven days. In an effort to advance our capability for developing a skillful long-range outlook for US tornado outbreaks, here we investigate the spring probability patterns of US regional tornado outbreaks during 1950-2014. Weshow that the four dominant springtime El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases (persistent versus early-terminating El Nino and resurgent versus transitioning La Nina) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature tripole variability are linked to distinct and significant US regional patterns of outbreak probability. These changes in the probability of outbreaks are shown to be largely consistent with remotely forced regional changes in the large-scale atmospheric processes conducive to tornado outbreaks. An implication of these findings is that the springtime ENSO phases and the North Atlantic SST tripole variability may provide seasonal predictability of US regional tornado outbreaks. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai; Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Weaver, Scott J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.; Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU NOAA CPO through its MAPP program [NA12OAR4310083]; NOAA CPC [N8R1MP1P00]; NOAA AOML FX We would like to thank Ghassan Alaka and Hua Chen for their thoughtful comments and careful reviews. S-K Lee acknowledge James Elsner, Hosmay Lopez and Jeff Trapp for helpful comments and suggestions on the statistical methods used in this study, and John Allen, Gerry Bell, Ashton Cook, Kirstin Harnos, Arun Kumar and Hui Wang for useful discussions during CPC seasonal severe weather outlook teleconferences. This work was supported by NOAA CPO through its MAPP program NA12OAR4310083, and by NOAA CPC (N8R1MP1P00) and NOAA AOML. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR 044008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6JZ UT WOS:000375746800012 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Oaida, CM Diallo, I Neelin, JD Li, SS De Sales, F Gu, Y Robinson, DA Vasic, R Yi, L AF Xue, Yongkang Oaida, Catalina M. Diallo, Ismaila Neelin, J. David Li, Suosuo De Sales, Fernando Gu, Yu Robinson, David A. Vasic, Ratko Yi, Lan TI Spring land temperature anomalies in northwestern US and the summer drought over Southern Plains and adjacent areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE land temperature; US drought and heat; regional climate model; southern great plains; sea surface temperature ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN DROUGHT; SOIL-MOISTURE; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HEAT-WAVE; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; ENSO; 20TH-CENTURY AB Recurrent drought and associated heatwave episodes are important features of the US climate. Many studies have examined the connection between ocean surface temperature changes and conterminous US droughts. However, remote effects of large-scale land surface temperature variability, over shorter but still considerable distances, on US regional droughts have been largely ignored. The present study combines two types of evidence to address these effects: climate observations and model simulations. Our analysis of observational data shows that springtime land temperature in northwest US is significantly correlated with summer rainfall and surface temperature changes in the US Southern Plains and its adjacent areas. Our model simulations of the 2011 Southern Plains drought using a general circulation model and a regional climate model confirm the observed relationship between land temperature anomaly and drought, and suggest that the long-distance effect of land temperature changes in the northwest US on Southern Plains droughts is probably as large as the more familiar effects of ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric internal variability. We conclude that the cool 2011 springtime climate conditions in the northwest US increased the probability of summer drought and abnormal heat in the Southern Plains. The present study suggests a strong potential for more skillful intra-seasonal predictions of US Southern Plains droughts when such facts as ones presented here are considered. C1 [Xue, Yongkang; Diallo, Ismaila; Li, Suosuo; De Sales, Fernando] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xue, Yongkang; Oaida, Catalina M.; Neelin, J. David; Gu, Yu] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Li, Suosuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [De Sales, Fernando] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Vasic, Ratko] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yi, Lan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1346813, AGS-1115506, AGS-1540518] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants AGS-1346813, AGS-1115506, and AGS-1540518. We thank Mr John Mioduszewski and Mr Thomas Estilow of Rutgers University for the snow data. The authors also thank Professor Jared Diamond and Professor David Rigby of UCLA for their comments and contributions to the manuscript revisions, as well as two anonymous reviewers' very constructive comments/suggestions to help improve the paper. The model runs were conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research Bluefire Supercomputer and the Texas Advanced Computer Center Stampede Supercomputer. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 4 AR 044018 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6JZ UT WOS:000375746800022 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI The history of time and frequency from antiquity to the present day SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC TIME; BLACKBODY RADIATION; OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; CESIUM; STANDARD; BEAM; UNCERTAINTY; ALGORITHMS; SIGNALS; BUREAU AB I will discuss the evolution of the definitions of time, time interval, and frequency from antiquity to the present day. The earliest definitions of these parameters were based on a time interval defined by widely observed apparent astronomical phenomena, so that techniques of time distribution were not necessary. With this definition, both time, as measured by clocks, and frequency, as realized by some device, were derived quantities. On the other hand, the fundamental parameter today is a frequency based on the properties of atoms, so that the situation is reversed and time and time interval are now derived quantities. I will discuss the evolution of this transition and its consequences. In addition, the international standards of both time and frequency are currently realized by combining the data from a large number of devices located at many different laboratories, and this combination depends on (and is often limited by) measurements of the times of clocks located at widely-separated laboratories. I will discuss how these measurements are performed and how the techniques have evolved over time. C1 [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Levine, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM judah.levine@colorado.edu NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2102-6459 EI 2102-6467 J9 EUR PHYS J H JI Eur. Phys. J. H PD APR PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 67 DI 10.1140/epjh/e2016-70004-3 PG 67 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA DK6JY UT WOS:000375030900001 ER PT J AU Watson, W Charter, SR Lawley, CAT AF Watson, William Charter, Sharon R. Lawley, Cynthia A. Taylor TI Early larvae of the swordspine rockfish (Sebastes ensifer) identified by molecular methods SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; GENUS SEBASTES; JUVENILES; LENGTH; REPRODUCTION; PRESERVATION; SCORPAENIDAE; PAUCISPINIS; ATLANTIC; PCR AB About 56 rockfish (Sebastes) species occur in Southern California, but the larvae of most of them are undescribed. Larval rockfishes collected off Southern. California during the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) cruise in April 1999 and the Baseline Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA) cruise in February 2002 were identified by using mitochondrial cytochrome b genomic DNA to determine the abundances of individual species. About 27% of the larvae from the CalCOFI cruise and 16% of the larvae from the CCA cruise were Sebastes ensifer. Larval S. ensifer were undescribed for most of the size range identified here (2.6-8.4 mm, early preflexion through early postflexion. stage). Larval S. ensifer are moderately deep-bodied and robust and have melanophores dorsally and ventrally on the gut, in a single ventral row on the tail, and on the pectoral fins. Starting at about 3.8 mm, melanophores form on the anterior part of the mandible. Larvae >= 6 mm have pigment in the mid- and hindbrain areas. Preflexion-stage larval S. ensifer are indistinguishable from the described larvae of sympatric species in the Sebastes subgenus Sebastomus, except perhaps Sebastes rosaceus and S. umbrosus. In later stages, S. ensifer may be distinguishable from S. constellatus and S. helvomaculatus. C1 [Watson, William; Charter, Sharon R.; Lawley, Cynthia A. Taylor] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lawley, Cynthia A. Taylor] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0203, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Watson, W (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM william.watson@noaa.gov FU Oceanids Foundation; Frieda Daum Urey scholarship committee FX We wish to thank the scientific and ship's crews of the NOAA Ship David Starr Jordan and Scripps Institution of Oceanography RV New Horizon. Our appreciation goes to A. Hays, D. Griffith, and R. Charter, who especially assisted in obtaining samples; L. Dunn for sorting the fish larvae from the plankton samples; H. Timms and A. Brooks for their assistance in the laboratory; and H. Moser, who contributed pertinent information during review. For his tutelage and review of this article, S. Charter is especially grateful to J. Hyde. We also thank the Oceanids Foundation and the Frieda Daum Urey scholarship committee for their endowment to CATL. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2016 VL 114 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.7755/FB.114.2.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2DF UT WOS:000374724100001 ER PT J AU Lewis, LA Richardson, DE Zakharov, EV Hanner, R AF Lewis, Leah A. Richardson, David E. Zakharov, Evgeny V. Hanner, Robert TI Integrating DNA barcoding of fish eggs into ichthyoplankton monitoring programs SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE FISHES; ESTIMATING BIOMASS; IRISH SEA; IDENTIFICATION; STOCK; LIFE; LARVAE; GULF AB The data collected through ichthyoplankton monitoring surveys provide valuable insight into the spawning dynamics of multiple species. Fish eggs, more than larvae, offer a more precise evaluation of species-specific spawning characteristics; however, egg collections are greatly underused because of the limitations associated with morphology-based identifications. In recent years, a new means of molecular identification, termed DNA barcoding, has made species identification readily available across a broad range of taxa. We used DNA barcoding to identify ethanol-preserved fish eggs collected during 2002-2012 along the northeastern U.S. continental shelf A subsampling protocol was used to select 1603 unidentified eggs for analysis. DNA sequences were successfully obtained from 1495 (93.26%) of these eggs, representing 50 species many of which have either never before been identified to the species-level as eggs or have been identified previously only to a higher taxonomic level or during specific developmental egg stages. In comparison with past attempts at morphological identification, our molecular identifications comprise a broader diversity of eggs and provide a technique with high success rates of unambiguous identifications that is not sensitive to egg stage. Overall, this work shows that DNA barcoding of fish eggs is sufficiently advanced to be incorporated into long-term, regional-scale ichthyoplankton. monitoring programs. C1 [Lewis, Leah A.; Richardson, David E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Zakharov, Evgeny V.; Hanner, Robert] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM david.richardson@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2016 VL 114 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.7755/FB.114.2.3 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2DF UT WOS:000374724100003 ER PT J AU Demetras, NJ Huff, DD Michel, CJ Smith, JM Cutter, GR Hayes, SA Lindley, ST AF Demetras, Nicholas J. Huff, David D. Michel, Cyril J. Smith, Joseph M. Cutter, George R. Hayes, Sean A. Lindley, Steven T. TI Development of underwater recorders to quantify predation of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in a river environment SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; FISH; MIGRATION; HABITATS; DELTA; BASS AB Recent acoustic tagging of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the southern portion of California's Sacramento San Joaquin Delta has revealed extremely low survival rates (<1%), possibly due to predation by piscivorous fishes. We evaluated predation as a cause of low survival by designing and testing freely floating GPS-enabled predation.-event recorders (PERs) baited with juvenile Chinook salmon. We estimated predation rates and identified predation locations within. a 1-kilometer reach of the Lower San Joaquin River. We modeled the relationship between time to predation and environmental variables with a Cox proportional hazards analysis that accounts for censored data. Our results indicated that an increase of 1 m/s in water velocity elevated the minute-by-minute hazard of predation by a factor of 9.6. Similarly, each increase in median depth decreased the predation hazard by a factor of 0.5. The mean relative predation rate in the study area was 15.3% over 9 sampling events between March and May 2014. Waterproof video cameras attached to a subset (48 of 216) of PERs successfully identified predator species 25% of the time. Our GPS-enabled PERs proved to be an inexpensive and reliable tool, which quantified predation, identified predation locations, and provided complementary information for acoustic telemetry and predator diet studies. C1 [Demetras, Nicholas J.; Michel, Cyril J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] NOAA, Point Adams Res Stn, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Smith, Joseph M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cutter, George R.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Demetras, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM nicholas.demetras@noaa.gov OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685 FU California Department of Water Resources [46-10100]; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We would like to thank the many people who assisted with fieldwork, particularly M. Sabal, V. Lo, T. Brown, B. Lehman, and M. Miller. In addition, M. Henderson and F. Cordoleani provided insightful comments on early drafts and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions during the review process. The California Department of Water Resources funded this work under agreement no. 46-10100 with the National Marine Fisheries Service. Material and logistical support was also provided by The National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2016 VL 114 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.7755/FB.114.2.5 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2DF UT WOS:000374724100005 ER PT J AU Yasumiishi, EM Criddle, KR Helle, JH Hillgruber, N Mueter, FJ AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Criddle, Keith R. Helle, John H. Hillgruber, Nicola Mueter, Franz J. TI Effect of population abundance and climate on the growth of 2 populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PINK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BERING-SEA; BODY-SIZE; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE SURVIVAL; ALASKA; RIVER; GORBUSCHA AB Seasonal and annual marine growth of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from Fish Creek, Alaska, during 1972-2004 and from Quilcene River, Washington., during 1973-2004 were examined in relation to abundances of chum salmon and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and climate indices from that period. Pink salmon abundance indices were included in the analysis because of evidence for density-dependent effects on chum salmon growth and survival. In linear regression models, growth was negatively related to abundance of chum salmon or to the combined abundance of pink and chum salmon during the middle juvenile (July-Sept), 1st immature, 2nd immature, and maturing stages for the Fish Creek chum salmon and the 1st immature, 2nd immature, and maturing stages for Quilcene River chum salmon, indicating possible density-dependent effects on growth. Mid-juvenile and maturing growth models for the Fish Creek chum salmon and the maturing growth model for Quilcene River chum salmon performed well in model validation, when model predictions were tested against 20% of the data that were not used for model specification, and provided insight into the effects of climate and abundance on growth of chum salmon from 1972 to 2004. C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Criddle, Keith R.; Helle, John H.; Hillgruber, Nicola; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Helle, John H.] 2427 ODay Dr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Thunen Inst Fisheries Ecol, Wulfsdorfer Weg 204, D-22926 Ahrensburg, Germany. RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.; Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center in Juneau, Alaska; Advanced Studies Program, Professional Development program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Funding and support for this project was received from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center in Juneau, Alaska and the Advanced Studies Program, Professional Development program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We greatly appreciate the assistance of all the people that helped with field collection throughout the years and the assistance of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in Ketchikan and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the Quilcene National Fish Hatchery in Quilcene, Washington. We appreciate the constructive comments from Phil Mundy, Ed Farley, and Lisa Eisner. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2016 VL 114 IS 2 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.7755/FB.114.2.7 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2DF UT WOS:000374724100007 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Williams, I Gutierrez, J Grafeld, S Tibbatts, B Davis, G AF Weijerman, Mariska Williams, Ivor Gutierrez, Jay Grafeld, Shanna Tibbatts, Brent Davis, Gerry TI Trends in biomass of coral reef fishes, derived from shore-based creel surveys in Guam SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC; RESILIENCE; MICRONESIA; ECOSYSTEMS; ISLANDS; TRADE AB Coral reef fisheries have a cultural, economic, and ecological importance and sustain the societal well-being of many coastal communities. However, the complexities of the multigear, multispecies fisheries that target coral reef species pose challenges for fisheries management. We focus on the Guam shore-based coral reef fishery 1) to evaluate the characteristics of the past and recent fishery in terms of catch composition and effort per gear type and 2) to reconstruct the reef-fish population in shallow (depths <= 30 m) water during 1985-2012. To accomplish this, we used the results from a detailed creel survey conducted by the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The total estimated effort has stayed more or less stable; however, the estimated total catch has dropped from an annual mean of 100 metric tons (t) during the period 1985-1990 to 37 t during the period 2007-2012. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) declined for most gear types between the 2 time periods. Reconstruction. of historical targeted fish biomass, based on CPUE, showed a general decrease in biomass from 1985 to 2012. Biomass quickly dropped to about half of the 1985 values, then leveled off for a decade before declining again beginning in 2003 and continuing through 2012. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Marine Sci Bldg 312,1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Williams, Ivor] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Mariner Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Gutierrez, Jay; Tibbatts, Brent] Guam Dept Agr, Div Aquat & Wildlife Resources, 163 Dairy Rd, Mangilao, GU 96913 USA. [Grafeld, Shanna] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman Lab 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Davis, Gerry] NOAA, Habitat Conservat Div, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Marine Sci Bldg 312,1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Weijerman, M (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Funding for the senior author and S. Grafeld was obtained from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. We would like to acknowledge the staff at the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, Guam Department of Agriculture, for data collection and the following people at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center: K. Low, M. Quack, and P. Tao for extracting and helping to interpret data, M. Nadon for advice on data analyses, and C. Boggs and J. Wetherall for their valuable comments on the draft manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2016 VL 114 IS 2 BP 237 EP 256 DI 10.7755/FB.114.2.9 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK2DF UT WOS:000374724100009 ER PT J AU Chen, XF Yan, RQ Liu, YM AF Chen, Xuefeng Yan, Ruqiang Liu, Yanmeng TI Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in China SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Chen, Xuefeng] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Mech Engn, Xian, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xuefeng] IEEE Xian & Chengdu Joint Sect Instrumentat & Mea, Xian, Peoples R China. [Yan, Ruqiang] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Ruqiang] Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci, Xian, Peoples R China. [Yan, Ruqiang; Liu, Yanmeng] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr High End Mfg Equipment, Xian, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XF (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Mech Engn, Xian, Peoples R China.; Chen, XF (reprint author), IEEE Xian & Chengdu Joint Sect Instrumentat & Mea, Xian, Peoples R China.; Yan, RQ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Yan, RQ (reprint author), Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci, Xian, Peoples R China.; Yan, RQ (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr High End Mfg Equipment, Xian, Peoples R China. EM chenxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; ruqiang@seu.edu.cn RI Yan, Ruqiang/A-9776-2012 OI Yan, Ruqiang/0000-0003-4341-6535 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 EI 1941-0123 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 2 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DL3ZE UT WOS:000375571400007 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Centurioni, L Perez, RC AF Lumpkin, Rick Centurioni, Luca Perez, Renellys C. TI Fulfilling Observing System Implementation Requirements with the Global Drifter Array SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC AB The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) requirements for in situ surface temperature and velocity measurements call for observations at 5 degrees x 5 degrees resolution. A key component of the GOOS that measures these essential climate variables is the global array of surface drifters. In this study, statistical observing system sampling experiments are performed to evaluate how many drifters are required to achieve the GOOS requirements, both with and without the presence of a completed global tropical moored buoy array at 5 degrees S-5 degrees N. The statistics for these simulations are derived from the evolution of the actual global drifter array. It is concluded that drifters should be deployed within the near-equatorial band even though that band is also in principle covered by the tropical moored array, as the benefits of not doing so are marginal. It is also concluded that an optimal design half-life for the drifters is similar to 450 days, neglecting external sources of death, such as running aground or being picked up. Finally, it is concluded that comparing the drifter array size to the number of static 5 degrees x 5 degrees open-ocean bins is not an ideal performance indicator for system evaluation; a better performance indicator is the fraction of 5 degrees x 5 degrees open-ocean bins sampled, neglecting bins with high drifter death rates. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick; Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Centurioni, Luca] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA [NA10OAR4320156, NA10OAR4320143]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami FX Conversations and exchanges with Diane Stanitski, Champika Gallage, and Cristina Lumpkin provided valuable input for this study. We thank Hosmay Lopez and Libby Johns for the reviews and editorial suggestions. R. Lumpkin and R. Perez were funded by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office, both of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. L. Centurioni was funded by NOAA Grant NA10OAR4320156, "The Global Drifter Program." This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320143. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4 BP 685 EP 695 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0255.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6FV UT WOS:000375736000005 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Zhang, Z Li, GQ AF Zhang, Chao Zhang, Zhe Li, Guo-Qiang TI Simple vs. sophisticated fire models to predict performance of SHS column in localized fire SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Localized fire; Buckling temperature; Square hollow steel column; Simple fire model; Comparative study; Thermo-mechanical analyses ID THERMAL CALCULATION; STEEL COLUMNS; BEHAVIOR; BEAMS AB This paper presents a comparative study on fire models to predict the performance of an axially loaded square hollow steel (SHS) column exposed to a localized fire. A simple fire model based on the classic fire plume theory and a sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model named Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) were investigated and used to predict the heat fluxes from the localized fire to the column. Thermo-mechanical analyses using finite element software were conducted to obtain the temperature and structural responses of the column exposed to the predicted heat fluxes. A total of 22 cases were considered and the variable parameters included heat release rate, fire source diameter, location of the fire source and load ratio. The steel temperatures predicted using the simple fire model were higher than those predicted using the sophisticated fire model. The buckling temperatures predicted using the simple fire model were generally lower than those predicted using the sophisticated fire model, and the average difference of the predicted buckling temperatures was within 40 degrees C Buckling temperature is defined here as the maximum temperature in a steel column on onset of buckling. Comparing with the sophisticated fire model, the simple fire model is computationally efficient and yields conservative results, which may be used in structural fire engineering design. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Chao] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chao] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8666, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Zhe] Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China. [Li, Guo-Qiang] Sate Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Zhengzhou Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov; zhangzhe_77@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51508399] FX The work reported hereinabove is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the contract 51508399. The support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X EI 1873-5983 J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 120 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.12.026 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DK0LB UT WOS:000374603200007 ER PT J AU Mazumdar, D Knut, R Thole, F Gorgoi, M Faleev, S Mryasov, ON Shelke, V Ederer, C Spaldin, NA Gupta, A Karis, O AF Mazumdar, Dipanjan Knut, R. Thoele, F. Gorgoi, M. Faleev, Sergei Mryasov, O. N. Shelke, Vilas Ederer, C. Spaldin, N. A. Gupta, A. Karis, O. TI The valence band electronic structure of rhombohedral-like and tetragonal-like BiFeO3 thin films from hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles theory SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Multifunctional materials; Multiferroics; Electronic structure; Density functional theory; Bismuth ferrite ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; RANGE 100-5000 EV; DOMAIN-WALLS; ENERGY; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; OXIDE AB We investigate the electronic structure of rhombohedral-like (R) and tetragonal-like (T) BiFeO3 thin films using high energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles electronic structure calculations. By exploiting the relative elemental cross sections to selectively probe the elemental composition of the valence band, we identify a strong Bi 6p contribution at the top of the valence band in both phases, overlapping in energy range with the O 2p states; this assignment is confirmed by our electronic structure calculations. We find that the measured occupied Bi 6p signal lies closer to the top of the valence band in the T phase than in the R phase, which we attribute, using our electronic structure calculations, to lower Bi-O hybridization in the T phase. We note, however, that our calculations of the corresponding densities of states underestimate the difference between the phases, suggesting that matrix element effects resulting from the different effective symmetries also contribute. Our results shed light on the chemical nature of the stereochemically active Bi lone pairs, which are responsible for the large ferroelectric polarization of BiFeO3. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mazumdar, Dipanjan] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Knut, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knut, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knut, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karis, O.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. [Thoele, F.; Ederer, C.; Spaldin, N. A.] ETH, Mat Theory, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gorgoi, M.] BESSY II, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany. [Faleev, Sergei; Mryasov, O. N.; Gupta, A.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Karis, O (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. EM olof.karis@physics.uu.se OI Thole, Florian/0000-0001-6006-9876 FU ETH Zurich; Southern Illinois University; Swedish Research Council (VR); European Community [312284] FX This work was supported financially by the ETH Zurich (N.A.S., C.E. and F.T.) and by the Max Rossler Prize of the ETH Zurich (N.A.S.). DM acknowledges start-up funds from Southern Illinois University. RK and OK gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish Research Council (VR). We thank HZB for the allocation of synchrotron radiation beamtime. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 312284. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD APR PY 2016 VL 208 SI SI BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2015.10.002 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA DL6GY UT WOS:000375738900011 ER PT J AU Li, SS Ma, ZW Xiong, XZ Christiani, DC Wang, ZX Liu, Y AF Li, Shenshen Ma, Zongwei Xiong, Xiaozhen Christiani, David C. Wang, Zhaoxi Liu, Yang TI Satellite and Ground Observations of Severe Air Pollution Episodes in the Winter of 2013 in Beijing, China SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Smog; MODIS; Aerosol optical depth; PM2.5; HYSPLIT ID LEVEL PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; EASTERN CHINA; LAND; PRODUCTS; CITIES; STATES; REGRESSION; MODEL; FOG AB Beginning in early January 2013, Beijing experienced multiple prolonged and severe smog events that were characterized by very high levels of PM2.5, with peak daily PM2.5 over 400 mu g m(-3). With PM2.5 concentration contours created from ground observations and satellite remote sensing data, we describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of these episodes and further investigated the factors that contributed to these episodes. Our results indicated that these smog episodes affected a much larger geographic region, far beyond Beijing metropolitan area, corresponding to a total area of similar to 550,000 km(2) and similar to 180 million people. The extremely cold weather in December 2012 and regional pollution transport were likely the main causes of these severe PM pollutions. In addition to aggressive emission control measures for Beijing, coordinated regional policy must be put in place to achieve more blue-sky days. Although the configuration of the current ground monitoring network may be sufficient to record PM2.5 levels in urban centers, these monitors alone cannot fully characterize the spatial pattern and track the transport of air pollution on a regional scale. Satellite remote sensing data can provide valuable information to fill the gaps left by ground monitors to create a more comprehensive picture of PM2.5. C1 [Li, Shenshen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Ma, Zongwei; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Xiong, Xiaozhen] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Christiani, David C.; Wang, Zhaoxi] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Wang, ZX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mikewang@hohp.harvard.edu; yang.liu@emory.edu RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; OI Ma, Zongwei/0000-0003-0257-5695 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471367]; Foundation of Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, the Chinese Academy of Sciences [Y3SJ5900CX] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41471367), and the Foundation of Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y3SJ5900CX). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 16 U2 32 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 EI 2071-1409 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 4 BP 977 EP 989 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2015.01.0057 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK2UV UT WOS:000374770800005 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Reneke, PA Peacock, RD AF Ronchi, Enrico Reneke, Paul A. Peacock, Richard D. TI A conceptual fatigue-motivation model to represent pedestrian movement during stair evacuation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Evacuation; Egress; Stair; Fatigue; Modelling; Pedestrian ID DYNAMICS; DESIGN; AFFORDANCES; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; PEOPLE; CHOICE AB Evacuation models often neglect the impact of fatigue on pedestrian movement during stair evacuation. While a limited number of sub-models are available in the literature to represent fatigue during evacuations, they mostly refer to simple, fixed walking speed reductions due to physical fatigue. This paper introduces a more comprehensive conceptual model for the representation of the impact of fatigue on the performance of evacuees during building stair evacuation. The model is presented considering its conceptual formulation and the issues associated with its implementation. First, a comprehensive conceptual representation of the factors concerning fatigue affecting human behaviour is discussed. The model takes into account (1) physical factors (i.e., physical fatigue), and (2) psychological factors (i.e., motivation, intended as the variable balancing the perceived risk and the perceived fatigue). Second, the application of the proposed fatigue-motivation model to a hydraulic or Newtonian based evacuation modelling tool is discussed at various levels of sophistication. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, Lund, Sweden. [Reneke, Paul A.; Peacock, Richard D.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X EI 1872-8480 J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD APR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 7-8 BP 4380 EP 4396 DI 10.1016/j.apm.2015.11.040 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA DJ7BS UT WOS:000374367500008 ER PT J AU Lee, TN Melo, N Smith, N Johns, EM Kelble, CR Smith, RH Ortner, PB AF Lee, Thomas N. Melo, Nelson Smith, Ned Johns, Elizabeth M. Kelble, Christopher R. Smith, Ryan H. Ortner, Peter B. TI Circulation and water renewal of Florida Bay, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; EXCHANGE; QUALITY; KEYS AB The circulation and exchange processes controlling transport and water renewal within the western subregion of Florida Bay, USA, are presented and compared to our previous findings for the north-central and northeast subregions of the bay. We find there is a common bank/basin flow response to wind forcing that is the primary driver of water renewal for each of the regions studied. Florida Bay is a patchwork of shallow basins surrounded by very shallow banks that are cut through with deeper channels connecting to nearby basins. We observed that, for each subregion studied, there was a net downwind basin outflow through the larger channels that was approximately balanced by a net basin inflow over the surrounding shallow banks. The resulting basin throughflows are used to estimate exchange times for renewal of western basin waters of approximately 1 mo. This exchange time is sufficient to prevent hypersalinity and degradation of water quality in the western basin, in contrast to the north-central subregion, where hypersalinity development is an annual occurrence. Our results highlight the importance of wind induced water renewal in shallow coastal bays with weak to moderate tidal exchange. In addition, we have discovered a significant clockwise circulation pattern through the western basins from strong inflows of coastal waters through Flamingo Channel that turn southward through the western basins before rejoining the coastal flow toward the Florida Keys tidal passages and Atlantic coastal zone. A practical solution to control hypersalinity, sea grass die-off, and water quality degradation of Florida Bay is proposed. C1 [Lee, Thomas N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Thomas N.] 880 Catfish Ave, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. [Melo, Nelson] Florida Int Univ, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Smith, Ned] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, 5775 Old Dixie Highway, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Johns, Elizabeth M.; Smith, Ryan H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, TN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Lee, TN (reprint author), 880 Catfish Ave, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169 USA. EM tlee8@cfl.rr.com RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 FU NOAA/CIMAS through the South Florida Program [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX Our present understanding of the circulation and exchange processes of Florida Bay was made possible by the dedicated service of marine technicians M Graham and R Jones in maintaining the instrumentation, constructing the specialized shallow moorings, and taking part in the field work. We also thank B Roddy and G Rawson for their help with instrumentation and field observations. Our interior basin study benefited from continuity of the monthly Florida Bay surveys of the R/V VIRGINIA K maintained by C Kelble and J Judas. The CMAN wind data were collected as part of a cooperative agreement between FIO and NOAA/NDBC through the SEAKEYS Program. Support for our Florida Bay circulation studies was provided by NOAA/CIMAS through the South Florida Program 2004, Contract NA17RJ1226. Partial support for N Melo, EM Johns, CR Kelble, and RH Smith was provided by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 92 IS 2 BP 153 EP 180 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1019 PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DL0XS UT WOS:000375356500001 ER PT J AU Dixon, KW Lanzante, JR Nath, MJ Hayhoe, K Stoner, A Radhakrishnan, A Balaji, V Gaitan, CF AF Dixon, Keith W. Lanzante, John R. Nath, Mary Jo Hayhoe, Katharine Stoner, Anne Radhakrishnan, Aparna Balaji, V. Gaitan, Carlos F. TI Evaluating the stationarity assumption in statistically downscaled climate projections: is past performance an indicator of future results? SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL OUTPUT; DAILY VARIABILITY; BIAS CORRECTION; PRECIPITATION; ASSESSMENTS; SIMULATION; INDEXES; TERMS AB Empirical statistical downscaling (ESD) methods seek to refine global climate model (GCM) outputs via processes that glean information from a combination of observations and GCM simulations. They aim to create value-added climate projections by reducing biases and adding finer spatial detail. Analysis techniques, such as cross-validation, allow assessments of how well ESD methods meet these goals during observational periods. However, the extent to which an ESD method's skill might differ when applied to future climate projections cannot be assessed readily in the same manner. Here we present a "perfect model" experimental design that quantifies aspects of ESD method performance for both historical and late 21st century time periods. The experimental design tests a key stationarity assumption inherent to ESD methods - namely, that ESD performance when applied to future projections is similar to that during the observational training period. Case study results employing a single ESD method (an Asynchronous Regional Regression Model variant) and climate variable (daily maximum temperature) demonstrate that violations of the stationarity assumption can vary geographically, seasonally, and with the amount of projected climate change. For the ESD method tested, the greatest challenges in downscaling daily maximum temperature projections are revealed to occur along coasts, in summer, and under conditions of greater projected warming. We conclude with a discussion of the potential use and expansion of the perfect model experimental design, both to inform the development of improved ESD methods and to provide guidance on the use of ESD products in climate impacts analyses and decision-support applications. C1 [Dixon, Keith W.; Lanzante, John R.; Nath, Mary Jo] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine; Stoner, Anne] Texas Tech Univ, Climate Sci Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Radhakrishnan, Aparna] Engility, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gaitan, Carlos F.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Dixon, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Keith.Dixon@noaa.gov RI Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; OI Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Gaitan, Carlos/0000-0003-3592-5196 FU U.S. Geologic Survey's South Central Climate Science Center [G12AC20512, G13AC00387]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office; Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University under NOAA [NA08OAR4320752] FX Our work benefitted from discussions with several National Climate Predictions and Projections Platform workshop participants, Claudia Tebaldi, and Isaac Held. We thank Vaishali Naik, Gabriel Vecchi, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The effort to develop and implement this perfect model evaluation framework received funding from the U.S. Geologic Survey's South Central Climate Science Center (cooperative agreements G12AC20512 and G13AC00387) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office. V. Balaji is supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University, under NOAA award NA08OAR4320752. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1598-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LQ UT WOS:000375466700003 ER PT J AU Larson, JH Richardson, WB Evans, MA Schaeffer, J Wynne, T Bartsch, M Bartsch, L Nelson, JC Vallazza, J AF Larson, James H. Richardson, Wiliam B. Evans, Mary Anne Schaeffer, Jeff Wynne, Timothy Bartsch, Michelle Bartsch, Lynn Nelson, John. C. Vallazza, Jon TI Measuring spatial variation in secondary production and food quality using a common consumer approach in Lake Erie SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem process; fatty acids; Lake Erie; Lampsilis siliquoidea; nearshore; river mouths ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; GREAT-LAKES; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM; ZEBRA MUSSELS; FATTY-ACIDS; TRENDS; RIVER; FISH; PROFILES; INVASION AB Lake Erie is a large lake straddling the border of the USA and Canada that has become increasingly eutrophic in recent years. Eutrophication is particularly focused in the shallow western basin. The western basin of Lake Erie is hydrodynamically similar to a large estuary, with riverine inputs from the Detroit and Maumee Rivers mixing together and creating gradients in chemical and physical conditions. This study was driven by two questions: (1) How does secondary production and food quality for consumers vary across this large mixing zone? and (2) Are there correlations between cyanobacterial abundance and secondary production or food quality for consumers? Measuring spatial and temporal variation in secondary production and food quality is difficult for a variety of logistical reasons, so here a common consumer approach was used. In a common consumer approach, individuals of a single species are raised under similar conditions until placed in the field across environmental gradients of interest. After some period of exposure, the response of that common consumer is measured to provide an index of spatial variation in conditions. Here, a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was deployed at 32 locations that spanned habitat types and a gradient in cyanobacterial abundance in the western basin of Lake Erie to measure spatial variation in growth (an index of secondary production) and fatty acid (FA) content (an index of food quality). We found secondary production was highest within the Maumee river mouth and lowest in the open waters of the lake. Mussel tissues in the Maumee river mouth also included more eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA and DPA, respectively), but fewer bacterial FAs, suggesting more algae at the base of the food web in the Maumee river mouth compared to open lake sites. The satellite-derived estimate of cyanobacterial abundance was not correlated to secondary production, but was positively related to EPA and DPA content in the mussels, suggesting more of these important FAs in locations with more cyanobacteria. These results suggest that growth of secondary consumers and the availability of important fatty acids in the western basin are centered on the Maumee river mouth. C1 [Larson, James H.; Richardson, Wiliam B.; Bartsch, Michelle; Bartsch, Lynn; Nelson, John. C.; Vallazza, Jon] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. [Evans, Mary Anne; Schaeffer, Jeff] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Wynne, Timothy] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Larson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI USA. EM jhlarson@usgs.gov OI Nelson, John/0000-0002-7105-0107; Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 3 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1890/15-0440 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK3TO UT WOS:000374840500018 PM 27411257 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Harries, ME Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Harries, Megan E. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Characterization of Four Diesel Fuel Surrogates by the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; MIXTURE-MODELS; JET-A; GASOLINE; IMPROVEMENTS; IGNITION; COMBUSTION; RP-1; S-8 AB The development of surrogate fuels with measured and predicted thermophysical properties similar to their authentic refinery stream counterparts is critical for the development of alternative fuels and the optimization of engines to increase efficiency and decrease emissions. In this work, four diesel fuel surrogates, formulated according to a reliable and proven procedure, were characterized by the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the composition and enthalpy of combustion in various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the composition and enthalpy of distillate fractions provides valuable information for determining structure property relationships and also provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex or simplified mixtures. This comparison showed that the volatility characteristic of the four surrogates is quite similar not only to the target diesel fuel but also to a number of other prototype alternative diesel fuels. The number of components in the surrogates affected how closely their volatility profiles resembled diesel fuel, as might be expected. The surrogate labeled V0a, consisting of just four components, was the most dissimilar to the target diesel fuel with respect to the initial boiling point and volatility curve shape. This suggests that, although minimizing the number of components greatly eases modeling and formulation efforts, caution should be used to avoid oversimplifying the surrogate mixtures. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Harries, Megan E.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU PREP postdoctoral associateship program; PREP graduate fellowship program FX J.B. acknowledges the PREP postdoctoral associateship program support for research performed at NIST-Boulder for this work. M.H. acknowledges the PREP graduate fellowship program support for research performed at NIST-Boulder for this work. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 2813 EP 2820 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00107 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DK3GF UT WOS:000374804400029 ER PT J AU Delgado, JP Elliott, K Cantelas, F Schwemmer, RV AF Delgado, James P. Elliott, Kelley Cantelas, Frank Schwemmer, Robert V. TI Initial Archaeological Survey of the ex-USS Independence (CVL-22) SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Survey; Autonomous underwater vehicles; Nuclear; Deep-water; Cold War AB The Boeing Company, collaborating with NOAA to address innovative ways to make ocean observations, provided their autonomous underwater vehicle, Echo Ranger, to conduct the first deep-water archaeological survey of the scuttled aircraft carrier USS Independence in the waters of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in March 2015. While a preliminary effort, and not comprehensive, the survey confirmed that a sonar feature (previously not proven to be an archaeological feature) charted at the location was Independence, and provided details on the condition of the wreck. At the same time, new information from declassified government reports provided more detail on Independence's use as a naval test craft for radiological decontamination as well as its use as a repository for radioactive materials at the time of its scuttling in 1951. The wreck is historically significant, but also of archaeological significance as an artifact of the early years of the atomic age and of the Cold War. This article summarizes Independence's contexts, its nuclear history, and the results of the survey of the wreck site. C1 [Delgado, James P.; Schwemmer, Robert V.] NOAAs Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Maritime Heritage Program, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Elliott, Kelley; Cantelas, Frank] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3,10th Floor, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schwemmer, Robert V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, West Coast Reg, Ocean Sci Educ Bldg 514,MC 6155, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Delgado, JP (reprint author), NOAAs Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Maritime Heritage Program, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4,11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. EM james.delgado@noaa.gov; Kelley.elliott@noaa.gov; frank.cantelas@noaa.gov; robert.schwemmer@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-2285 EI 1557-2293 J9 J MARIT ARCHAEOL JI J. Marit. Archaeol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11457-016-9152-9 PG 16 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA DK5IW UT WOS:000374954600003 ER PT J AU Delgado, JP AF Delgado, James P. TI After Crossroads: The Fate of the Atomic Bomb Target Fleet SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Naval; Atomic weapons; Cold War AB The atomic tests at Bikini Atoll left a submerged archaeological legacy in the form of sixty-one shipwrecks at or near Bikini, Kwajalein, the California coast, and in two other lesser cases off Oahu and the coast of Washington State. Together they comprise a unique maritime cultural landscape of the Cold War, and the naval aspects of that conflict. C1 [Delgado, James P.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Delgado, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM james.delgado@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-2285 EI 1557-2293 J9 J MARIT ARCHAEOL JI J. Marit. Archaeol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s11457-016-9154-7 PG 7 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA DK5IW UT WOS:000374954600004 ER PT J AU Delgado, JP AF Delgado, James P. TI The Atomic Bomb, Operation Crossroads, the Cold War and Cold War Naval Archaeology: A Suggested Reading List SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Delgado, James P.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Delgado, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM james.delgado@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-2285 EI 1557-2293 J9 J MARIT ARCHAEOL JI J. Marit. Archaeol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s11457-016-9155-6 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA DK5IW UT WOS:000374954600005 ER PT J AU Carter, BR Williams, NL Gray, AR Feely, RA AF Carter, B. R. Williams, N. L. Gray, A. R. Feely, R. A. TI Locally interpolated alkalinity regression for global alkalinity estimation SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID SATURATION STATE; SURFACE WATERS; OCEAN; CARBON; DEEP AB We introduce methods and software for estimating total seawater alkalinity from salinity and any combination of up to four other parameters (potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization, total dissolved nitrate, and total silicate). The methods return estimates anywhere in the global ocean with comparable accuracy to other published alkalinity estimation techniques. The software interpolates between a predetermined grid of coefficients for linear regressions onto arbitrary latitude, longitude, and depth coordinates, and thereby avoids the estimate discontinuities many similar methods return when transitioning from one regression constant set to another. The software can also return uncertainty estimates scaled by user-provided input parameter uncertainties. The methods have been optimized for the open ocean, for which we estimate globally averaged errors of 5.8-10.4 mol kg(-1) depending on which combination of regression parameters is used. We expect these methods to be especially useful for better constraining the carbonate system from measurement platformssuch as biogeochemical Argo floatsthat are only capable of measuring one carbonate system parameter (e.g., pH). It may also provide a useful way of simulating alkalinity for Earth system models that do not resolve the tracer prognostically. C1 [Carter, B. R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carter, B. R.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Williams, N. L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gray, A. R.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Carter, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Carter, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Brendan.carter@noaa.gov RI Williams, Nancy/I-3472-2015; OI Williams, Nancy/0000-0002-6541-9385; Gray, Alison/0000-0002-1644-7654; Carter, Brendan/0000-0003-2445-0711 FU Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) [N8R1SE3-PRF]; US Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project [N8R3CEA-PDM]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We would like to thank Dr. Robert Key for helpful comments early in the process and Dr. Kelly Kearney for help with code optimization. Datasets were acquired from the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC) webpage, from the HOT-DOGS data portal (http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/hot-dogs/), and from the BATS data portal (http://bats.bios.edu/). We are grateful to Kathy Tedesco of the Climate Observation Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office for funding for this research. Funding was provided by the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) (N8R1SE3-PRF) and the US Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project (N8R3CEA-PDM). A. R. Gray was supported by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. This is PMEL contribution number 4390 and JISAO contribution number 2503. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD APR PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1002/lom3.10087 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DK2WE UT WOS:000374774300004 ER PT J AU Baerwald, MR Meek, MH Stephens, MR Nagarajan, RP Goodbla, AM Tomalty, KMH Thorgaard, GH May, B Nichols, KM AF Baerwald, Melinda R. Meek, Mariah H. Stephens, Molly R. Nagarajan, Raman P. Goodbla, Alisha M. Tomalty, Katharine M. H. Thorgaard, Gary H. May, Bernie Nichols, Krista M. TI Migration-related phenotypic divergence is associated with epigenetic modifications in rainbow trout SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epigenetics; life history variation; Oncorhynchus mykiss; plasticity; smoltification ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DNA METHYLATION; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT AB Migration is essential for the reproduction and survival of many animals, yet little is understood about its underlying molecular mechanisms. We used the salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss to gain mechanistic insight into smoltification, which is a morphological, physiological and behavioural transition undertaken by juveniles in preparation for seaward migration. O. mykiss is experimentally tractable and displays intra- and interpopulation variation in migration propensity. Migratory individuals can produce nonmigratory progeny and vice versa, indicating a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. One potential way that phenotypic plasticity might be linked to variation in migration-related life history tactics is through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. To explore this, we quantitatively measured genome-scale DNA methylation in fin tissue using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing of F-2 siblings produced from a cross between steelhead (migratory) and rainbow trout (nonmigratory) lines. We identified 57 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between smolt and resident O. mykiss juveniles. DMRs were high in magnitude, with up to 62% differential methylation between life history types, and over half of the gene-associated DMRs were in transcriptional regulatory regions. Many of the DMRs encode proteins with activity relevant to migration-related transitions (e.g. circadian rhythm pathway, nervous system development, protein kinase activity). This study provides the first evidence of a relationship between epigenetic variation and life history divergence associated with migration-related traits in any species. C1 [Baerwald, Melinda R.; Meek, Mariah H.; Goodbla, Alisha M.; Tomalty, Katharine M. H.; May, Bernie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephens, Molly R.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Nagarajan, Raman P.] GlaxoSmithKline, Canc Epigenet Discovery Performance Unit, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Baerwald, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mrbaerwald@ucdavis.edu OI Meek, Mariah/0000-0002-3219-4888 FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife [P0740017]; NIH [S10RR029668, S10RR027303] FX This work was made possible by funding from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, contract number P0740017. We thank Michael Miller at University of California, Davis, for assistance with data processing scripts for using the U.S. O. mykiss draft genome assembly. We are grateful to Paul Wheeler at Washington State University for his instrumental role in producing original clonal lines and F2 doubled haploid individuals. We thank Jessica Petersen and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668 and S10RR027303. NR 118 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 26 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1785 EP 1800 DI 10.1111/mec.13231 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DK2WY UT WOS:000374776300012 PM 25958780 ER PT J AU Weng, FZ Yang, H AF Weng, Fuzhong Yang, Hu TI Validation of ATMS Calibration Accuracy Using Suomi NPP Pitch Maneuver Observations SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ATMS; Calibration; Pitch-Maneuver ID GRIDPOINT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; MSU CHANNEL-2; CONSTRUCTION; PRECISION AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite was launched on 28 October, 2011, and carries the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard. Currently, ATMS performance in orbit is very stable and the calibration parameters (e.g., noise and accuracy) meet specifications. This study documents an ATMS calibration error budget model and its results for community reference. The calibration accuracy is also verified with the ATMS pitch maneuver observations of cold space. It is shown that the ATMS pitch maneuver cold space observations at center positions are inconsistent with the values predicted by the instrument calibration error budget model. The biases also depend on scan angle. This scan-angle dependence may be caused by the ATMS plane reflector emission. Thus, a physical model is developed to simulate the radiation emitted from the reflector and is recommended as part of ATMS radiance calibration to further improve the sensor data record (SDR) data quality. C1 [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Fuzhong.Weng@noaa.gov; huyang@umd.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office FX The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. The research is supported by NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR 332 DI 10.3390/rs8040332 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DK8DD UT WOS:000375156500065 ER PT J AU Zhao, XP Heidinger, AK Walther, A AF Zhao, Xuepeng Heidinger, Andrew K. Walther, Andi TI Climatology Analysis of Aerosol Effect on Marine Water Cloud from Long-Term Satellite Climate Data Records SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aerosol; cloud; climate data record; aerosol indirect effect; satellite ID MOMENT MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-2; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; PART I; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; POLLUTION AEROSOL; OPTICAL-THICKNESS AB Satellite aerosol and cloud climate data records (CDRs) have been used successfully to study the aerosol indirect effect (AIE). Data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) now span more than 30 years and allow these studies to be conducted from a climatology perspective. In this paper, AVHRR data are used to study the AIE on water clouds over the global oceans. Correlation analysis between aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and cloud parameters, including cloud droplet effective radius (CDER), cloud optical depth (COD), cloud water path (CWP), and cloud cover fraction (CCF), is performed. For the first time from satellite observations, the long-term trend in AIE over the global oceans is also examined. Three regimes have been identified: (1) AOT < 0.08, where CDER increases with AOT; (2) 0.08 < AOT < 0.3, where CDER generally decreases when AOT increases; and (3) AOT > 0.3, where CDER first increases with AOT and then levels off. AIE is easy to manifest in the CDER reduction in the second regime (named Regime 2), which is identified as the AIE sensitive/effective regime. The AIE manifested in the consistent changes of all four cloud variables (CDER, COD, CWP, and CCF) together is located only in limited areas and with evident seasonal variations. The long-term trend of CDER changes due to the AIE of AOT changes is detected and falls into three scenarios: Evident CDER decreasing (increasing) with significant AOT increasing (decreasing) and evident CDER decreasing with limited AOT increasing but AOT values fall in the AIE sensitive Regime 2. C1 [Zhao, Xuepeng] NOAA, NCEI, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Walther, Andi] UW Madison, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), NOAA, NCEI, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM xuepeng.zhao@noaa.gov; andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov; andi.walther@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Zhao, Xuepeng/0000-0001-6491-3907 FU NOAA CDR program FX This work is supported by the NOAA CDR program managed at the National Centers of Environment Information (NCEI) of NOAA/NESDIS. NCEI internal reviewers helped improve the paper. The constructive comments and suggestions provided by four anonymous reviewers were very helpful for improving the paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR 300 DI 10.3390/rs8040300 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DK8DD UT WOS:000375156500033 ER PT J AU Castro, JM Beavers, A AF Castro, Janine M. Beavers, Aaron TI Providing Aquatic Organism Passage in Vertically Unstable Streams SO WATER LA English DT Article DE fish passage; barriers; culverts; incision; grade stabilization; stream evolution ID FISH PASSAGE; WASHINGTON; ROADS AB Aquatic organism passage barriers have been identified as one of the key impediments to recovery of salmonids and other migratory aquatic organisms in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. As such, state and federal agencies invest millions of dollars annually to address passage barriers. Because many barriers function as ad hoc grade control structures, their removal and/or replacement can unwittingly set off a cascade of effects that can negatively impact the very habitat and passage that project proponents seek to improve. The resultant vertical instability can result in a suite of effects that range from floodplain disconnection and loss of backwater and side channel habitat, to increased levels of turbidity. Risk assessment, including an evaluation of both the stage of stream evolution and a longitudinal profile analysis, provides a framework for determining if grade control is warranted, and if so, what type of structure is most geomorphically appropriate. Potential structures include placement of large wood and roughness elements, and constructed riffles, step-pools, and cascades. The use of structure types that mimic natural reach scale geomorphic analogues should result in improved aquatic organism passage, increased structural resilience, and reduced maintenance. C1 [Castro, Janine M.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. [Beavers, Aaron] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1201 Lloyd Blvd, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. EM Janine_M_Castro@fws.gov; Aaron.Beavers@noaa.gov OI Castro, Janine/0000-0002-1951-7507 FU United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Portland Oregon Office FX The development of this manuscript was supported solely by the authors' employers, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Portland Oregon Office. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD APR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 AR 133 DI 10.3390/w8040133 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DK8DK UT WOS:000375157200024 ER PT J AU Orbach, DN Marshall, CD Wursig, B Mesnick, SL AF Orbach, Dara N. Marshall, Christopher D. Wuersig, Bernd Mesnick, Sarah L. TI Variation in Female Reproductive Tract Morphology of the Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genital diversity; reproductive tract morphology; reproductive biology; vaginal fold; common bottlenose dolphin ID SPERM COMPETITION; AGE; GROWTH; RAT; SPERMATOZOA; EVOLUTION; PORPOISE; EJECTION; MUSCLES; OVARIAN AB Cetaceans exhibit vaginal folds, unusual protrusions of the vaginal wall into the vaginal lumen. Inconsistent terminology and a lack of anatomical landmarks in the literature have hindered comparative studies of the form and function of vaginal folds. Our objectives are to: (1) develop a standardized measurement protocol for the reproductive tracts of female cetaceans, (2) assess variation in morphometrics within the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and (3) determine if vaginal muscle is skeletal, and therefore of somatic origin in this species. We selected 15 measurements to characterize female reproductive tracts and evaluated variability using fresh or frozen-thawed specimens from southeastern USA representing a range of sexual maturity states and reproductive states (n=18 specimens). Presence of skeletal muscle and variation in the density of muscle banding were assessed using 90 histological samples (n=5 specimens). Analyses of the gross morphological data revealed that the dolphins generally had one large vaginal fold that bisected the vaginal lumen. Vaginal morphology was similar for sexually mature and immature specimens and across reproductive states. The histological data revealed that the vaginal musculature consisted of smooth muscle, consistent with other mammals, leading us to conclude that vaginal contractions are likely under autonomic rather than somatic control. No differences were found in the density of smooth muscle banding among vaginal regions or sexual maturity states. Our systematic protocol lays the foundation for evaluating the function (e.g., sexual selection, natural selection) and evolution of vaginal folds. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Orbach, Dara N.; Marshall, Christopher D.; Wuersig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Marshall, Christopher D.; Wuersig, Bernd] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Orbach, DN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.; Mesnick, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM dnorbach@gmail.com; sarah.mesnick@noaa.gov FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [PGSD2-420080-2012]; American Museum of Natural History Lerner Gray Memorial Fund; Texas Sea Grant; Texas Institute of Oceanography Graduate Research Fellowship FX Grant sponsor: Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship-Doctoral (to D. N. O.); Grant number: PGSD2-420080-2012; Grant sponsors: American Museum of Natural History Lerner Gray Memorial Fund (to D. N. O.), Texas Sea Grant Grants-In-Aid of Graduate Student Research (to D. N. O.), Texas Institute of Oceanography Graduate Research Fellowship (to D. N. O.). NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-8486 EI 1932-8494 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD APR PY 2016 VL 299 IS 4 BP 520 EP 537 DI 10.1002/ar.23318 PG 18 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA DJ7FU UT WOS:000374378100012 PM 26788790 ER PT J AU Kartalev, M Keremidarska, V Dryer, M AF Kartalev, M. Keremidarska, V. Dryer, M. TI Revisiting the Single-Fluid Modeling of the Solar Wind-Comet Interaction: Closer Look at the Cometosheath SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Solar wind-comet interaction; Single-fluid model; Mystery region; Comet 67P/C-G; Magnetic cavity boundary ID PLASMA ENVIRONMENT; FLOW; 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; MHD; PREDICTIONS; SKJELLERUP; ATMOSPHERE; P/HALLEY AB Earlier developed single fluid gas-dynamic model of solar wind-comet ionosphere interaction is applied to reveal some specifics in the morphology of the shocked "contaminated" solar wind region (cometosheath). The model is based on the Euler equations with added mass-loading, mass-loss and frictional force terms. Numerous reactions are taken into account in these terms including photoionization, charge transfer, dissociative recombination and ion-neutral frictional force. The electromagnetic terms are omitted, thus reducing the MHD single-fluid system of equations to gas-dynamic one. The used shock-fitting numerical scheme allows the separation of distinct areas formed by the considered interaction and exploration of their properties in detail. Attention is focused on the region between the shock wave and the contact surface as well as on the positions of these boundaries. Accurate examination of the distribution of density, temperature and velocity reveals spatial variations that resemble the variations registered by a number of spacecraft in the vicinity of comets. No specific comparisons with data are made at this stage. Two very first events of the Rosetta spacecraft's crossing of the magnetic cavity boundary around Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are discussed using a "faux-transient" application of our steady-state model. C1 [Kartalev, M.; Keremidarska, V.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Keremidarska, V.] Microsoft Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dryer, M.] Carmel Res Ctr, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. RP Kartalev, M (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM m.kartalev@yahoo.com FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern FX The authors are members of an International Team in Space Science on modeling cometary environments sponsored by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, and we thank ISSI for hospitality during part of this work. The authors thank Prof. M. Lebedev from Moscow State University for a very useful discussion and recommendations and Prof. Susan McKenna-Lawlor of Space Technology Ireland, Ltd., for her suggestion concerning the existence of the important "mystery" boundary discussed herein. We thank the Teams of Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC)-IGEP/IC, Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA)-UBern/ BIRA/LATMOS/LMM/ IRAP/MPS/SwRI/TUB/Umich and Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS)-MPS/UPD/LAM/ IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/ DASP/IDA for providing preliminary information about the 29 July comet outburst event in ESA Internet sites. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 EI 1573-0794 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD APR PY 2016 VL 117 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s11038-016-9485-2 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA DK1LB UT WOS:000374672700005 ER PT J AU Deary, AL Metscher, B Brill, RW Hilton, EJ AF Deary, Alison L. Metscher, Brian Brill, Richard W. Hilton, Eric J. TI Shifts of sensory modalities in early life history stage estuarine fishes (Sciaenidae) from the Chesapeake Bay using X-ray micro computed tomography SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Drums; Ecomorphology; Ontogeny; Larvae; Foraging habitat; Brain ID BRAIN-AREAS; FIBER-CONNECTIONS; INNER-EAR; SEBASTISCUS-MARMORATUS; NAVODON-MODESTUS; MORPHOLOGY; TELEOST; TELENCEPHALON; ORGANIZATION; PATTERNS AB Increases in human populations along coasts have altered the estuarine nursery habitats that are important for many aquatic organisms. These perturbations include changes to the sensory environment due to increased turbidity resulting from runoff and nutrient loading; these changes are occurring faster than fish species can become adapted to the new prevailing conditions. However, understanding how modifications to the sensory environment impacts fishes during early life history stages (ELHS) requires understanding the senses used to locate food and evade predators and how they change during ontogeny. The drums (Sciaenidae) exhibit substantial morphological diversity in their peripheral sense organs as adults. We, therefore, used the relative volumes of their brain structures to assess ontogenetic changes in the sensory modalities of sciaenid species from different foraging guilds. Early stage sciaenids were imaged using X-ray micro computed tomography. The optic tract was the largest sensory region, suggesting that vision is the primary sensory modality in sciaenids, regardless of size, species, or foraging habitat. There were differences in the relative proportions of the other sensory areas according to foraging guild. These differences suggest that Cynoscion nebulosus (a pelagic forager) relies on audition and mechanoreception through ontogeny to augment vision, whereas Sciaenops ocellatus (a generalist forager) uses olfaction, audition, and mechanoreception. In contrast, Leiostomus xanthurus (a benthic forager) relies on olfaction and gustation. We propose that the ontogenetic trends in sensory modality described in sciaenids from the Chesapeake Bay (USA) can be used in future research to ascertain the potential species-specific impacts of water quality change on ELHS fishes. C1 [Deary, Alison L.; Hilton, Eric J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346,1375 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23690 USA. [Metscher, Brian] Univ Vienna, Dept Theoret Biol, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Deary, Alison L.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Deary, AL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM al.deary15@gmail.com NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2016 VL 99 IS 4 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0479-8 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DK1KH UT WOS:000374670500004 ER PT J AU Becker, E van den Dool, H AF Becker, Emily van den Dool, Huug TI Probabilistic Seasonal Forecasts in the North American Multimodel Ensemble: A Baseline Skill Assessment SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; SIZE; RATIONALE; SUCCESS; SCORE AB The North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) forecasting system has been continuously producing seasonal forecasts since August 2011. The NMME, with its suite of diverse models, provides a valuable opportunity for characterizing forecast confidence using probabilistic forecasts. The current experimental probabilistic forecast product (in map format) presents the most likely tercile for the seasonal mean value, chosen out of above normal, near normal, or below normal categories, using a nonparametric counting method to determine the probability of each class. The skill of the 3 -month -mean probabilistic forecasts of 2-m surface temperature (T2m), precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature is assessed using forecasts from the 29-yr (1982-2010) NMME hindcast database. Three forecast configurations are considered: a full six model NMME; a "mini-NMME" with 24 members, four each from six models; and the 24 -member CFSv2 alone. Skill is assessed on the cross -validated hindcasts using the Brier skill score (BSS); forecast reliability and resolution are also assessed. This study provides a baseline skill assessment of the current method of creating probabilistic forecasts from the NMME system. For forecasts in the above- and below -normal terciles for all variables and geographical regions examined in this study, BSS for NMME forecasts is higher than BSS for CFSv2 forecasts. Nitio-3.4 forecasts from the full NMME and the mini-NMME receive nearly identical BSS that are higher than BSS for CFSv2 forecasts. Even systems with modest BSS, such as T2m in the Northern Hemisphere, have generally high reliability, as shown in reliability diagrams. C1 [Becker, Emily; van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Becker, E (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM emily.becker@noaa.gov FU MAPP program award; NOAA; NSF; NASA; DOE FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. This study was supported by a MAPP program award. NMME project and data dissemination is supported by NOAA, NSF, NASA, and DOE. The NMME forecasts and data archive are created, updated, and maintained by NCEP, IRI, and NCAR personnel. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 8 BP 3015 EP 3026 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00862.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK7ZN UT WOS:000375146100008 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Sastre, AV Hoffmeyer, M Rowntree, VJ Fire, SE Santinelli, NH Ovejero, SD D'Agostino, V Maron, CF Doucette, GJ Broadwater, MH Wang, ZH Montoya, N Seger, J Adler, FR Sironi, M Uhart, MM AF Wilson, Cara Viviana Sastre, A. Hoffmeyer, Monica Rowntree, Victoria J. Fire, Spencer E. Santinelli, Norma H. Diaz Ovejero, Soledad D'Agostino, Valeria Maron, Carina F. Doucette, Gregory J. Broadwater, Margaret H. Wang, Zhihong Montoya, Nora Seger, Jon Adler, Frederick R. Sironi, Mariano Uhart, Marcela M. TI Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Peninsula Valdes, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena australis; Peninsula Valdes; calf mortality; Pseudo-nitzschia spp; Alexandrium tamarense; PSTs; DA; SeaWiFS; MODIS; toxins; harmful algal blooms ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; TAMARENSE LEBOUR BALECH; SAN MATIAS GULF; DOMOIC ACID; ALEXANDRIUM-TAMARENSE; KARENIA-BREVIS; GOLFO-NUEVO; OF-MEXICO; RED-TIDE; DINOFLAGELLATE AB Peninsula Valdes (PV) in Argentina is an important calving ground for southern right whales (SRWs, Eubalaena australis). Since 2005, right whale mortality has increased at PV, with most of the deaths (similar to 90%) being calves <3 mo old. We investigated the potential involvement of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in these deaths by examining data that include: timing of the SRW deaths, biotoxins in samples from dead SRWs, abundances of the diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense, shellfish harvesting closure dates, seasonal availability of whale prey at PV and satellite chlorophyll data. Evidence of the whales' exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissues of some dead whales, and fragments of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. frustules in whale feces. Additionally, whales are present at PV during both closures of the shellfish industry (due to high levels of PSTs) and periods with high levels of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and A. tamarense. There is a positive statistical relationship between monthly Pseudo-nitzschia densities (but not A. tamarense) and calf deaths in both gulfs of PV. C1 [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Viviana Sastre, A.; Santinelli, Norma H.; Diaz Ovejero, Soledad] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, FCN, Lab Hidrobiol, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina. [Hoffmeyer, Monica] CCTBB CONICET, Inst Argentino Oceanog, B8000FWB, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Hoffmeyer, Monica] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Bahia Blanca, 11 Abril 461,B8000MLI, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Rowntree, Victoria J.; Maron, Carina F.; Sironi, Mariano; Uhart, Marcela M.] Southern Right Whale Hlth Monitoring Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Rowntree, Victoria J.; Maron, Carina F.; Seger, Jon; Adler, Frederick R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fire, Spencer E.; Doucette, Gregory J.; Broadwater, Margaret H.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, NOS, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Fire, Spencer E.] Florida Inst Technol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [D'Agostino, Valeria] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Montoya, Nora] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero INIDEP, 7602HSA, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Adler, Frederick R.] Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sironi, Mariano] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Diversidad Anim 2, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Uhart, Marcela M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM cara.wilson@noaa.gov FU Office of Protected Resources of the US National Marine Fisheries Service; National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DG133F-02-SE-0901, DG-133F-06-SE-5823, DG133F07SE4651]; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission [E4047315, E4061768]; National Agency for Science and Technology Promotion of Argentina (ANPCYT) [2096, 3091]; Ocean Foundation; Island Foundation Inc.; Pacific Life Foundation; Lawrence Foundation; Research and Education Opportunities International (CREOI) grant; Wildlife Conservation Society; Ocean Alliance FX We are grateful to the Office of Protected Resources of the US National Marine Fisheries Service, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Orders DG133F-02-SE-0901, DG-133F-06-SE-5823 and DG133F07SE4651), the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission (Grants E4047315 and E4061768), the National Agency for Science and Technology Promotion of Argentina (ANPCYT) (Grants 2011-No 2096 and 2014-No 3091) the Ocean Foundation, the Island Foundation Inc., the Pacific Life Foundation, the Lawrence Foundation, Research and Education Opportunities International (CREOI) grant to CFM, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and Ocean Alliance for funding this research. We specially thank T. Rowles for her support. Thanks to the divers and helmsmen of the Provincial Plan for Prevention and Control of Red Tide (Chubut Province) for the collection of phytoplankton samples. Thanks to all volunteers and members of Southern Right Whale Health Monitoring Program team for their long hours in the field and lab collecting and curating samples particularly, V. Rago, L. La Sala, L. Pozzi, L. Musmeci, A. Chirife, M. Di Martino, and L. Beltramino; the invaluable support of many kinds by D. Taboada, R. Schteinbarg, M. Ricciardi, and volunteers of the Instituto de Conservacion de Ballenas (ICB). Thanks to T. Knott and B. Haynes at NOAA/NOS for assistance with biotoxin extractions and analyses. Thanks to the Ministry of Fisheries of Chubut province for providing data on timing of shell fishery closures and the data management group at the NOAA/NMFS Environmental Research Division for making satellite data easily accessible through the ERDDAP server developed by R. Simons. Thanks to R. Brownell and L. DeWitt for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Research permits for this work were issued annually by the Direccion de Fauna y Flora Silvestre and the Subsecretaria de Turismo y Areas Protegidas of Chubut Province, Argentina. Contribution INIDEP No. 1940. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 423 EP 451 DI 10.1111/mms.12263 PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200001 ER PT J AU Gruden, P White, PR Oswald, JN Barkley, Y Cerchio, S Lammers, M Baumann-Pickering, S AF Gruden, Pina White, Paul R. Oswald, Julie N. Barkley, Yvonne Cerchio, Salvatore Lammers, Marc Baumann-Pickering, Simone TI Differences in oscillatory whistles produced by spinner(Stenella longirostris) and pantropical spotted (Stenella attenuata) dolphins SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oscillatory whistles; whistle; global features; decision rule; dolphin; spinner dolphin; pantropical spotted dolphin; Stenella longirostris; Stenella attenuata; towed hydrophone array ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SPINNER DOLPHINS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; WHALES AB Acoustic recordings of two closely related species, spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), were investigated from four different geographic locations: two in the Central Tropical Pacific, one in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and one in the Indian Ocean. The two delphinid species occur in tropical and warm temperate waters, with overlapping ranges. They produce very similar vocalizations, but at the same time their calls exhibit a certain degree of intraspecific variation among different geographic locations as has been observed in other delphinid species. Oscillatory whistles (whistles with at least two oscillations in their frequency contours) were identified and manually extracted from the recordings. Whistles with four or more maxima (oscillations) occurred only in spinner dolphins and they were present in all geographic regions investigated. In addition, the oscillatory whistles with two and three maxima were significantly more frequent in spinner than in spotted dolphins. The differences in oscillatory whistles for these two species seem to be consistent across study areas and therefore, could be used in addition to other whistle features to help distinguish between them. C1 [Gruden, Pina; White, Paul R.] Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Highfield SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Oswald, Julie N.] Biowaves Inc, 364 2nd St,Suite 3, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Barkley, Yvonne] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Cerchio, Salvatore] New England Aquarium, 1 Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Lammers, Marc] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Baumann-Pickering, Simone] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gruden, P (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Inst Sound & Vibrat Res, Highfield SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM pg3g12@soton.ac.uk NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 520 EP 534 DI 10.1111/mms.12280 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200006 ER PT J AU van der Hoop, JM Corkeron, P Kenney, J Landry, S Morin, D Smith, J Moore, MJ AF van der Hoop, Julie M. Corkeron, Peter Kenney, John Landry, Scott Morin, David Smith, Jamison Moore, Michael J. TI Drag from fishing gear entangling North Atlantic rightwhales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whale; fisheries; rope; thrust; line; drag coefficient; energetics ID WHALES EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ENTANGLEMENT INJURIES; POWER OUTPUT; FUR SEALS; DISENTANGLEMENT; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH AB Lethal and sublethal fishing gear entanglement is pervasive in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Entanglement can lead to direct injury and is likely to incur substantial energetic costs. This study (1) evaluates drag characteristics of entangled right whales, (2) contextualizes gear drag measurements for individual whales, and (3) quantifies the benefits of partial disentanglement. A load cell measured drag forces on 15 sets of fishing gear removed from entangled right whales, a towed satellite telemetry buoy, and 200 m of polypropylene line as it was shortened to 25 m, as they were towed behind a vessel at similar to 0.77, 1.3, and 2.1 m/s (similar to 1.5, 2.5, and 4 knots) and similar to 0, 3, and 6 m depth. Mean drag ranges from 8.5 N to 315 N, and can be predicted from the dry weight or length of the gear. Combining gear drag measurements with theoretical estimates of drag on whales' bodies suggests that on average, entanglement increases drag and propulsive power by 1.47 fold. Reducing trailing line length by 75% can reduce parasitic gear drag by 85%, reinforcing current disentanglement response practices. These drag measurements can be incorporated into disentanglement response, serious injury determination, and evaluation of sublethal effects on population dynamics. C1 [van der Hoop, Julie M.] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog App, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [van der Hoop, Julie M.; Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Corkeron, Peter] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kenney, John] NOAA Fisheries, Greater Atlantic Reg Off, Saunderstown, RI 02874 USA. [Landry, Scott] Ctr Coastal Studies, 5 Holway Ave, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Morin, David; Smith, Jamison] NOAA Fisheries, Greater Atlantic Reg Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP van der Hoop, JM (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program Oceanog App, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; van der Hoop, JM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jvanderhoop@whoi.edu OI van der Hoop, Julie/0000-0003-2327-9000 FU Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation; M.S. Worthington Foundation; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [CINAR] [NA14OAR4320158]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MIT FX This work was supported by grants from the Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation, the M.S. Worthington Foundation, and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [CINAR; NA14OAR4320158] to MJM and JvdH. JvdH was supported by a Postgraduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and an MIT Martin Family for Sustainability Fellowship. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 619 EP 642 DI 10.1111/mms.12292 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200012 ER PT J AU Thomas, PO Reeves, RR Brownell, RL AF Thomas, Peter O. Reeves, Randall R. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Status of the world's baleen whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE status; cetaceans; baleen whales; blue whales; whaling; ship strike; entanglement; bycatch; anthropogenic noise; climate change; ocean acidification; endangered species; IUCN; Red List ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; CHILEAN BLUE WHALES; HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; BOWHEAD WHALES AB No global synthesis of the status of baleen whales has been published since the 2008 IUCN Red List assessments. Many populations remain at low numbers from historical commercial whaling, which had ceased for all but a few by 1989. Fishing gear entanglement and ship strikes are the most severe current threats. The acute and long-term effects of anthropogenic noise and the cumulative effects of multiple stressors are of concern but poorly understood. The looming consequences of climate change and ocean acidification remain difficult to characterize. North Atlantic and North Pacific right whales are among the species listed as Endangered. Southern right, bowhead, and gray whales have been assessed as Least Concern but some subpopulations of these species - western North Pacific gray whales, Chile-Peru right whales, and Svalbard/Barents Sea and Sea of Okhotsk bowhead whales - remain at low levels and are either Endangered or Critically Endangered. Eastern North Pacific blue whales have reportedly recovered, but Antarctic blue whales remain at about 1% of pre-exploitation levels. Small isolated subspecies or subpopulations, such as northern Indian Ocean blue whales, Arabian Sea humpback whales, and Mediterranean Sea fin whales are threatened while most subpopulations of sei, Bryde's, and Omura's whales are inadequately monitored and difficult to assess. C1 [Thomas, Peter O.; Reeves, Randall R.] Marine Mammal Commiss, 4340 East West Highway,Room 700, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 34500 Highway 1, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Thomas, PO (reprint author), Marine Mammal Commiss, 4340 East West Highway,Room 700, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM pthomas@mmc.gov FU Marine Mammal Commission FX We thank the Marine Mammal Commission for supporting this review. In particular, we thank former Executive Director Tim Ragen for initiating and championing the idea of such a global synthesis and current Executive Director Rebecca Lent for supporting its conclusion. We thank Daryl Boness, Frances Gulland, Michael Tillman, and David Laist for their reviews of earlier versions. William Perrin, Brian Smith, and Mark Richardson provided guidance at the outset of this effort. We thank Phil Clapham, Peter Corkeron, and other reviewers whose comments greatly improved the quality and content of the manuscript. NR 312 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 45 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 682 EP 734 DI 10.1111/mms.12281 PG 53 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DJ6UR UT WOS:000374349200015 ER PT J AU Kato, S Inaba, K Sugawa, S Shibata, K Yamamoto, R Yamashita, M Takahashi, Y AF Kato, Shinya Inaba, Kensuke Sugawa, Seiji Shibata, Kosuke Yamamoto, Ryuta Yamashita, Makoto Takahashi, Yoshiro TI Laser spectroscopic probing of coexisting superfluid and insulating states of an atomic Bose-Hubbard system SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; TRANSITION; GASES AB A system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice has been regarded as an ideal quantum simulator for a Hubbard model with extremely high controllability of the system parameters. While making use of the controllability, a comprehensive measurement across the weakly to strongly interacting regimes in the Hubbard model to discuss the quantum many-body state is still limited. Here we observe a great change in the excitation energy spectra across the two regimes in an atomic Bose-Hubbard system by using a spectroscopic technique, which can resolve the site occupancy in the lattice. By quantitatively comparing the observed spectra and numerical simulations based on sum rule relations and a binary fluid treatment under a finite temperature Gutzwiller approximation, we show that the spectra reflect the coexistence of a delocalized superfluid state and a localized insulating state across the two regimes. C1 [Kato, Shinya; Sugawa, Seiji; Shibata, Kosuke; Yamamoto, Ryuta; Takahashi, Yoshiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Inaba, Kensuke; Yamashita, Makoto] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Kato, Shinya] Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Sugawa, Seiji] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shibata, Kosuke] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128551, Japan. RP Kato, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.; Kato, S (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM s.kato2@kurenai.waseda.jp OI Yamamoto, Ryuta/0000-0003-0913-9853 FU JSPS [18204035, 21102005C01, 22684022, 14J02311, 25220711, 26247064]; GCOE Program The Next Generation of Physics; Spun from Universality; Emergence from MEXT of Japan; FIRST program; JST CREST; Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) program FX We thank Y. Nakamura for valuable discussions. This work is supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of JSPS (Nos. 18204035, 21102005C01 (Quantum Cybernetics), 22684022, 14J02311, 25220711, and 26247064), the GCOE Program The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence from MEXT of Japan, FIRST program, JST CREST, and the Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) program. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11341 DI 10.1038/ncomms11341 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ9WS UT WOS:000374564600001 PM 27094083 ER PT J AU Rivnay, J Inal, S Collins, BA Sessolo, M Stavrinidou, E Strakosas, X Tassone, C Delongchamp, DM Malliaras, GG AF Rivnay, Jonathan Inal, Sahika Collins, Brian A. Sessolo, Michele Stavrinidou, Eleni Strakosas, Xenofon Tassone, Christopher Delongchamp, Dean M. Malliaras, George G. TI Structural control of mixed ionic and electronic transport in conducting polymers SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSISTORS; PEDOT-PSS FILMS; THIN-FILMS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; X-RAY; MORPHOLOGY; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE); SPECTROSCOPY; EFFICIENCY AB Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT: PSS, has been utilized for over two decades as a stable, solution-processable hole conductor. While its hole transport properties have been the subject of intense investigation, recent work has turned to PEDOT: PSS as a mixed ionic/electronic conductor in applications including bioelectronics, energy storage and management, and soft robotics. Conducting polymers can efficiently transport both holes and ions when sufficiently hydrated, however, little is known about the role of morphology on mixed conduction. Here, we show that bulk ionic and electronic mobilities are simultaneously affected by processing-induced changes in nano- and meso-scale structure in PEDOT: PSS films. We quantify domain composition, and find that domain purification on addition of dispersion co-solvents limits ion mobility, even while electronic conductivity improves. We show that an optimal morphology allows for the balanced ionic and electronic transport that is critical for prototypical mixed conductor devices. These findings may pave the way for the rational design of polymeric materials and processing routes to enhance devices reliant on mixed conduction. C1 [Rivnay, Jonathan; Inal, Sahika; Stavrinidou, Eleni; Strakosas, Xenofon; Malliaras, George G.] MOC, EMSE, CMP, Dept Bioelect, F-13541 Gardanne, France. [Collins, Brian A.; Delongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, Brian A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sessolo, Michele] Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, Paterna 46980, Spain. [Tassone, Christopher] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rivnay, Jonathan] PARC, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Rivnay, J (reprint author), MOC, EMSE, CMP, Dept Bioelect, F-13541 Gardanne, France. EM rivnay@gmail.com RI Stavrinidou, Eleni/I-8526-2016; OI Stavrinidou, Eleni/0000-0002-9357-776X; Sessolo, Michele/0000-0002-9189-3005 FU Marie Curie post-doctoral fellowship (FP7); Fundacion BBVA, Spain FX J.R. acknowledges support from a Marie Curie post-doctoral fellowship (FP7). M.S. acknowledges the support by the Fundacion BBVA, Spain. We acknowledge Prof. B. Winther-Jensen (Monash) for providing vapour-phase polymerized PEDOT:Cl films, Dr E. Gann (Monash) for NEXAFS measurements, Dr M. Ramuz (EMSE) for 3D printing efforts and I. Uguz (EMSE) for film thickness measurements. We additionally thank Prof. C. Silva (Montreal) for fruitful discussions. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), a national user facility operated by the Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 36 U2 111 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11287 DI 10.1038/ncomms11287 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ6AC UT WOS:000374291300001 PM 27090156 ER PT J AU Levine, J Tavella, P Santarelli, G AF Levine, Judah Tavella, Patrizia Santarelli, Giorgio TI Introduction to the Special Issue on Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Allan Variance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tavella, Patrizia] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Santarelli, Giorgio] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, Lab Photon Numer & Nanosci LP2N, F-33400 Talence, France. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 511 EP 512 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2545823 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DJ4HB UT WOS:000374164900001 PM 27504513 ER PT J AU Allan, DW Levine, J AF Allan, David W. Levine, Judah TI A Historical Perspective on the Development of the Allan Variances and Their Strengths and Weaknesses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Allan variances (AVARs); atomic clocks; nonstationary processes; precision analysis; time series analysis AB Over the past 50 years, variances have been developed for characterizing the instabilities of precision clocks and oscillators. These instabilities are often modeled as nonstationary processes, and the variances have been shown to be well-behaved and to be unbiased, efficient descriptors of these types of processes. This paper presents a historical overview of the development of these variances. The time-domain and frequency-domain formulations are presented and their development is described. The strengths and weaknesses of these characterization metrics are discussed. These variances are also shown to be useful in other applications, such as in telecommunication. C1 [Allan, David W.] Allans TIME, Fountain Green, UT 84632 USA. [Levine, Judah] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allan, DW (reprint author), Allans TIME, Fountain Green, UT 84632 USA.; Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david@allanstime.com; Judah.Levine@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2524687 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DJ4HB UT WOS:000374164900002 PM 26890729 ER PT J AU Weiss, MA Shenoi, K AF Weiss, M. A. Shenoi, Kishan TI The Time Deviation in Packet-Based Synchronization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Allan variance; packet networks; synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH); synchronous optical network (SONET); time deviation (TDEV); time variance (TVAR) AB The telecommunications industry has used the time deviation (TDEV) very effectively for specifying network equipment clock performance as well as the performance of timing signals generated by Central Office equipment such as primary reference clocks and building integrated timing supplies (BITS) and synchronization supply units (SSUs). We discuss here the development of TDEV, and the variations of TDEV motivated by the advent of packet-switching and the steady transformation of the telecom network from circuit-switched-based to packet-switched-based. We illustrate these with simulation of the performance of the precise time protocol (PTP) across a packet-switched network. We then apply published methods to automatically determine noise types, and use these to predict time dispersion from a master clock for a slave clock using these PTP packets to stay synchronized. The result shows how TDEV and the other deviations provide an extensive array of tools for telecom networks, as well as for general time and frequency applications. C1 [Weiss, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shenoi, Kishan] Qulsar Inc, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. RP Weiss, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mweiss@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.2495011 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DJ4HB UT WOS:000374164900004 PM 26529756 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI An Algorithm for Synchronizing a Clock When the Data Are Received Over a Network With an Unstable Delay SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Analysis of variance; frequency control; frequency locked loops; low-frequency noise; phase noise; statistical distribution functions; timing jitter ID TIME SYNCHRONIZATION; COMPUTER; INTERNET AB A method is presented for synchronizing the time of a clock to a remote time standard when the channel connecting the two has significant delay variation that can be described only statistically. The method compares the Allan deviation of the channel fluctuations to the free-running stability of the local clock, and computes the optimum interval between requests based on one of the three selectable requirements: 1) choosing the highest possible accuracy; 2) choosing the best tradeoff of cost versus accuracy; or 3) minimizing the number of requests to realize a specific accuracy. Once the interval between requests is chosen, the final step is to steer the local clock based on the received data. A typical adjustment algorithm, which supports both the statistical considerations based on the Allan deviation comparison and the timely detection of errors, is included as an example. C1 [Levine, Judah] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Judah.Levine@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.2495014 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DJ4HB UT WOS:000374164900007 PM 26529759 ER PT J AU Ashby, N Patla, B AF Ashby, Neil Patla, Bijunath TI Simulations of the Hadamard Variance: Probability Distributions and Confidence Intervals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Analysis of variance; digital simulation; time series analysis ID POWER-LAW NOISE; FREQUENCY STABILITY AB Power-law noise in clocks and oscillators can be simulated by Fourier transforming a modified spectrum of white phase noise. This approach has been applied successfully to simulation of the Allan variance and the modified Allan variance in both overlapping and nonoverlapping forms. When significant frequency drift is present in an oscillator, at large sampling times the Allan variance overestimates the intrinsic noise, while the Hadamard variance is insensitive to frequency drift. The simulation method is extended in this paper to predict the Hadamard variance for the common types of power-law noise. Symmetric real matrices are introduced whose traces-the sums of their eigenvalues-are equal to the Hadamard variances, in overlapping or nonoverlapping forms, as well as for the corresponding forms of the modified Hadamard variance. We show that the standard relations between spectral densities and Hadamard variance are obtained with this method. The matrix eigenvalues determine probability distributions for observing a variance at an arbitrary value of the sampling interval tau, and hence for estimating confidence in the measurements. C1 [Ashby, Neil; Patla, Bijunath] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ashby, N; Patla, B (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ashby@boulder.nist.gov; bijunath.patla@boulder.nist.gov FU NASA, Division of Planetary Science [NNH12AT81I] FX This work was supported in part by NASA, Division of Planetary Science, under Grant NNH12AT81I. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 636 EP 645 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.2507441 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA DJ4HB UT WOS:000374164900014 PM 26672035 ER PT J AU Camp, CH Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT AF Camp, Charles H., Jr. Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Quantitative, comparable coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy: correcting errors in phase retrieval SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE coherent Raman spectroscopy; coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; phase retrieval; Kramers-Kronig; baseline detrending ID HUMAN CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; MICROSCOPY; MICROSPECTROSCOPY AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy has demonstrated significant potential for biological and materials imaging. To date, however, the primary mechanism of disseminating CARS spectroscopic information is through pseudocolor imagery, which explicitly neglects a vast majority of the hyperspectral data. Furthermore, current paradigms in CARS spectral processing do not lend themselves to quantitative sample-to-sample comparability. The primary limitation stems from the need to accurately measure the so-called nonresonant background (NRB) that is used to extract the chemically sensitive Raman information from the raw spectra. Measurement of the NRB on a pixel-by-pixel basis is a nontrivial task; thus, surrogate NRB from glass or water is typically utilized, resulting in error between the actual and estimated amplitude and phase. In this paper, we present a new methodology for extracting the Raman spectral features that significantly suppresses these errors through phase detrending and scaling. Classic methods of error correction, such as baseline detrending, are demonstrated to be inaccurate and to simply mask the underlying errors. The theoretical justification is presented by re-developing the theory of phase retrieval via the Kramers-Kronig relation, and we demonstrate that these results are also applicable to maximum entropy method-based phase retrieval. This new error-correction approach is experimentally applied to glycerol spectra and tissue images, demonstrating marked consistency between spectra obtained using different NRB estimates and between spectra obtained on different instruments. Additionally, in order to facilitate implementation of these approaches, we have made many of the tools described herein available free for download. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Camp, CH (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.camp@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Camp Jr, Charles/0000-0002-5805-1842 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 16 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 47 IS 4 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.1002/jrs.4824 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA DJ3XK UT WOS:000374139800006 ER PT J AU Sikora, M Rutkowski, M Begelman, MC AF Sikora, Marek Rutkowski, Mieszko Begelman, Mitchell C. TI A spine-sheath model for strong-line blazars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; galaxies: jets ID RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY; LARGE-SCALE JETS; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; 3C 279; X-RAY; MAGNETIC COLLIMATION; LUMINOUS BLAZARS; RADIO-GALAXIES AB We have developed a quasi-analytical model for the production of radiation in strong-line blazars, assuming a spine-sheath jet structure. The model allows us to study how the spine and sheath spectral components depend on parameters describing the geometrical and physical structure of 'the blazar zone'. We show that typical broad-band spectra of strong-line blazars can be reproduced by assuming the magnetization parameter to be of order unity and reconnection to be the dominant dissipation mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the spine-sheath model can explain why gamma-ray variations are often observed to have much larger amplitudes than the corresponding optical variations. The model is also less demanding of jet power than one-zone models, and can reproduce the basic features of extreme gamma-ray events. C1 [Sikora, Marek] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Rutkowski, Mieszko] Jagiellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Lojasiewicza 11, PL-30348 Krakow, Poland. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sikora, M (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM sikora@camk.edu.pl FU Polish NCN [UMO-2013/08/A/ST9/00795]; NSF [AST-1411879]; NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB37G] FX The research was supported in part by the Polish NCN grant UMO-2013/08/A/ST9/00795. MCB acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1411879 and NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX14AB37G. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 457 IS 2 BP 1352 EP 1358 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw107 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI6AB UT WOS:000373580500019 ER PT J AU Olson, ND Zook, JM Samarov, DV Jackson, SA Salit, ML AF Olson, Nathan D. Zook, Justin M. Samarov, Daniel V. Jackson, Scott A. Salit, Marc L. TI PEPR: pipelines for evaluating prokaryotic references SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microbiology; Whole genome sequencing; Bioinformatics ID DNA-SEQUENCING DATA; GENOME; FRAMEWORK; TOOLKIT AB The rapid adoption of microbial whole genome sequencing in public health, clinical testing, and forensic laboratories requires the use of validated measurement processes. Well-characterized, homogeneous, and stable microbial genomic reference materials can be used to evaluate measurement processes, improving confidence in microbial whole genome sequencing results. We have developed a reproducible and transparent bioinformatics tool, PEPR, Pipelines for Evaluating Prokaryotic References, for characterizing the reference genome of prokaryotic genomic materials. PEPR evaluates the quality, purity, and homogeneity of the reference material genome, and purity of the genomic material. The quality of the genome is evaluated using high coverage paired-end sequence data; coverage, paired-end read size and direction, as well as soft-clipping rates, are used to identify mis-assemblies. The homogeneity and purity of the material relative to the reference genome are characterized by comparing base calls from replicate datasets generated using multiple sequencing technologies. Genomic purity of the material is assessed by checking for DNA contaminants. We demonstrate the tool and its output using sequencing data while developing a Staphylococcus aureus candidate genomic reference material. PEPR is open source and available at https://github.com/usnistgov/pepr. C1 [Olson, Nathan D.; Zook, Justin M.; Jackson, Scott A.; Salit, Marc L.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salit, Marc L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Olson, ND (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nolson@nist.gov OI Olson, Nathanael/0000-0003-2585-3037 FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQPM-14-X-00078]; NIST; FDA FX The authors would like to thank Jenny McDaniel, Lindsay Vang, and David Catoe for performing the MiSeq and PGM sequencing, and Tim Muruvanda for performing the PacBio sequencing. Additionally, we would like to thank Drs. Nancy Lin and Steven Lund for conversations and suggestions while developing PEPR and drafting the manuscript. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate funded this project under Interagency Agreement HSHQPM-14-X-00078 with NIST. This work was additionally supported by two interagency agreements between NIST and the FDA. Opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of the DHS, NIST, or affiliated venues. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper only to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyrights in USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2016 VL 408 IS 11 BP 2975 EP 2983 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-9299-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA DJ3MX UT WOS:000374110700028 PM 26935931 ER PT J AU France, K Loyd, ROP Youngblood, A Brown, A Schneider, PC Hawley, SL Froning, CS Linsky, JL Roberge, A Buccino, AP Davenport, JRA Fontenla, JM Kaltenegger, L Kowalski, AF Mauas, PJD Miguel, Y Redfield, S Rugheimer, S Tian, F Vieytes, MC Walkowicz, LM Weisenburger, KL AF France, Kevin Loyd, R. O. Parke Youngblood, Allison Brown, Alexander Schneider, P. Christian Hawley, Suzanne L. Froning, Cynthia S. Linsky, Jeffrey L. Roberge, Aki Buccino, Andrea P. Davenport, James R. A. Fontenla, Juan M. Kaltenegger, Lisa Kowalski, Adam F. Mauas, Pablo J. D. Miguel, Yamila Redfield, Seth Rugheimer, Sarah Tian, Feng Vieytes, Mariela C. Walkowicz, Lucianne M. Weisenburger, Kolby L. TI THE MUSCLES TREASURY SURVEY. I. MOTIVATION AND OVERVIEW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: activity; stars: low-mass ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOW-MASS STAR; POTENTIALLY HABITABLE PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; EXOPLANET HOST STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; GJ 436 SYSTEM; M-DWARF STARS AB Ground-and space-based planet searches employing radial velocity techniques and transit photometry have detected thousands of planet-hosting stars in the Milky Way. With so many planets discovered, the next step toward identifying potentially habitable planets is atmospheric characterization. While the Sun-Earth system provides a good framework for understanding the atmospheric chemistry of Earth-like planets around solar-type stars, the observational and theoretical constraints on the atmospheres of rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZs) around low-mass stars (K and M dwarfs) are relatively few. The chemistry of these atmospheres is controlled by the shape and absolute flux of the stellar spectral energy distribution (SED), however, flux distributions of relatively inactive low-mass stars are poorly understood at present. To address this issue, we have executed a panchromatic (X-ray to mid-IR) study of the SEDs of 11 nearby planet-hosting stars, the Measurements of the Ultraviolet Spectral Characteristics of Low-mass Exoplanetary Systems (MUSCLES) Treasury Survey. The MUSCLES program consists visible observations from Hubble and ground-based observatories. Infrared and astrophysically inaccessible wavelengths (EUV and Ly alpha) are reconstructed using stellar model spectra to fill in gaps in the observational data. In this overview and the companion papers describing the MUSCLES survey, we show that energetic radiation (X-ray and ultraviolet) is present from magnetically active stellar atmospheres at all times for stars as late as M6. The emission line luminosities of C IV and Mg II are strongly correlated with band-integrated luminosities and we present empirical relations that can be used to estimate broadband FUV and XUV (equivalent to X-ray + EUV) fluxes from individual stellar emission line measurements. We find that while the slope of the SED, FUV/NUV, increases by approximately two orders of magnitude form early K to late M dwarfs (approximate to 0.01-1), the absolute FUV and XUV flux levels at their corresponding HZ distances are constant to within factors of a few, spanning the range 10-70 erg cm(-2) s(-1) in the HZ. Despite the lack of strong stellar activity indicators in their optical spectra, several of the M dwarfs in our sample show spectacular UV flare emission in their light curves. We present an example with flare/quiescent ultraviolet flux ratios of the order of 100:1 where the transition region energy output during the flare is comparable to the total quiescent luminosity of the star E-flare(UV) similar to 0.3 L-*Delta t (Delta t = 1 s). Finally, we interpret enhanced L(line)/L-Bol ratios for C IV and N V as tentative observational evidence for the interaction of planets with large planetary mass-to-orbital distance ratios (M-plan/a(plan)) with the transition regions of their host stars. C1 [France, Kevin; Loyd, R. O. Parke; Youngblood, Allison] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schneider, P. Christian] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Hawley, Suzanne L.; Weisenburger, Kolby L.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberge, Aki] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buccino, Andrea P.; Mauas, Pablo J. D.; Vieytes, Mariela C.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio UBA CONICET, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Buccino, Andrea P.; Mauas, Pablo J. D.] Dept Fis UBA, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Davenport, James R. A.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Fontenla, Juan M.] North West Res Associates, 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Cornell Univ, Carl Sagan Inst, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Kowalski, Adam F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miguel, Yamila] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Blvd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Redfield, Seth] Wesleyan Univ, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Rugheimer, Sarah] Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Irvine Bldg, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. [Tian, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Vieytes, Mariela C.] UNTREF, CC 67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Walkowicz, Lucianne M.] Adler Planetarium, 1300 S Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 600 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.france@colorado.edu RI Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015; OI Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X; Rugheimer, Sarah/0000-0003-1620-7658; Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486; FRANCE, KEVIN/0000-0002-1002-3674; Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725 FU HST Guest Observing programs [12464, 13650]; COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs [12034, 12035]; STScI [HST-GO-12464.01, HST-GO-13650.01]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [GO4-15014X, GO5-16155X]; NASA [NNX16AC09G]; NSF [AST 13-11678]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175039]; Ministry of Education of China [20131029170]; Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program; ESA Research Fellowship FX The data presented here were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing programs #12464 and #13650 as well as the COS Science Team Guaranteed Time programs # 12034 and # 12035. This work was supported by STScI grants HST-GO-12464.01 and HST-GO-13650.01 to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Data for the MUSCLES Treasury Survey were also acquired as part of Chandra and XMM guest observing programs, supported by Chandra grants GO4-15014X and GO5-16155X from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and NASA XMM grant NNX16AC09G to the University of Colorado at Boulder. This work is based in part upon observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m and 0.5 m telescopes, which are owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. K.F. thanks Evgenya Shkolnik for enjoyable discussions about low-mass stars and Jorge Sanz-Forcada for assistance with the absolute flux levels of the X-exoplanets model spectra. The MUSCLES team also thanks STScI program coordinator Amber Armstrong for her long hours spent scheduling these complicated coordinated observations. P.C.S. gratefully acknowledges an ESA Research Fellowship. S.L.H. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST 13-11678. F.T. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175039), the Startup Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (20131029170), and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program. NR 159 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 820 IS 2 AR 89 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/89 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI8HE UT WOS:000373741300008 ER PT J AU Sayers, J Zemcov, M Glenn, J Golwala, SR Maloney, PR Siegel, SR Wheeler, J Bockstiegel, C Brugger, S Czakon, NG Day, PK Downes, TP Duan, RP Gao, JS Hollister, MI Lam, A LeDuc, HG Mazin, BA McHugh, SG Miller, DA Mroczkowski, TK Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Radford, SJE Schlaerth, JA Vayonakis, A Wilson, PR Zmuidzinas, J AF Sayers, Jack Zemcov, Michael Glenn, Jason Golwala, Sunil R. Maloney, Philip R. Siegel, Seth R. Wheeler, Jordan Bockstiegel, Clint Brugger, Spencer Czakon, Nicole G. Day, Peter K. Downes, Thomas P. Duan, Ran P. Gao, Jiansong Hollister, Matthew I. Lam, Albert LeDuc, Henry G. Mazin, Benjamin A. McHugh, Sean G. Miller, David A. Mroczkowski, Tony K. Noroozian, Omid Nguyen, Hien T. Radford, Simon J. E. Schlaerth, James A. Vayonakis, Anastasios Wilson, Philip R. Zmuidzinas, Jonas TI PECULIAR VELOCITY CONSTRAINTS FROM FIVE-BAND SZ EFFECT MEASUREMENTS TOWARD RX J1347.5-1145 WITH MUSIC AND BOLOCAM FROM THE CSO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual: (RX. J1347.5-1145); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium ID SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH SIGNAL; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY-CLUSTER; SCALING RELATIONS; MACS J0717.5+3745; PRESSURE PROFILES; SAMPLE; GHZ; J1347-1145; COSMOLOGY AB We present Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect measurements from wide-field images toward the galaxy cluster RX. J1347.5-1145 obtained from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with the Multiwavelength Submillimeter Inductance Camera at 147, 213, 281, and 337 GHz and with Bolocam at 140 GHz. As part of our analysis, we have used higher frequency data from Herschel-SPIRE and previously published lower frequency radio data to subtract the signal from the brightest dusty star-forming galaxies behind RX. J1347.5-1145 and from the AGN in RX. J1347.5-1145's BCG. Using these five-band SZ effect images, combined with X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the temperature of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) from Chandra, we constrain the ICM optical depth to be tau(e) = 7.33(-0.97)(+0.96) x 10(-3) and the ICM line of sight peculiar velocity to be v(pec) = 1040(-840)(+870) km s(-1). The errors for both quantities are limited by measurement noise rather than calibration uncertainties or astrophysical contamination, and significant improvements are possible with deeper observations. Our best-fit velocity is in good agreement with one previously published SZ effect analysis and in mild tension with the other, although some or all of that tension may be because that measurement samples a much smaller cluster volume. Furthermore, our best-fit optical depth implies a gas mass slightly larger than the Chandra-derived value, implying the cluster is elongated along the line of sight. C1 [Sayers, Jack; Golwala, Sunil R.; Siegel, Seth R.; Hollister, Matthew I.; Lam, Albert; Miller, David A.; Radford, Simon J. E.; Schlaerth, James A.; Vayonakis, Anastasios; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zemcov, Michael] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Glenn, Jason; Maloney, Philip R.; Wheeler, Jordan; Brugger, Spencer; Schlaerth, James A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bockstiegel, Clint; Mazin, Benjamin A.; McHugh, Sean G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Czakon, Nicole G.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.; Nguyen, Hien T.; Wilson, Philip R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Downes, Thomas P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Duan, Ran P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, Jiansong] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mroczkowski, Tony K.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Noroozian, Omid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sayers, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jack@caltech.edu OI radford, simon/0000-0001-9113-1660; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 FU Norris Foundation Fellowship; NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; JPL internal funds; NSF; NASA FX We thank the anonymous referee for his or her extensive suggestions to improve this manuscript. We acknowledge the assistance of: the day crew and Hilo staff of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, who provided invaluable assistance during data-taking for this data set; Kathy Deniston and Diana Bisel, who provided effective administrative support at Caltech and in Hilo; J.S. was partially supported by a Norris Foundation Fellowship; N.G.C. was partially supported by a NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship; S.R.S. was supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; MUSIC was constructed and commissioned with funding provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, JPL internal funds, and the NSF Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation (ATI) and Astronomy and Astrophysics Grants (AAG) Programs. This work is based in part on observations made with Herschel, a European Space Agency Cornerstone Mission with a significant participation by NASA. Partial support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This research was performed while TM held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 820 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/101 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI8HE UT WOS:000373741300020 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran TI Toward Autonomous Mobile Sensor Networks Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Coverage; lifetime; energy; mobile sensor network ID DISTRIBUTED DEPLOYMENT ALGORITHMS; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; IMPROVED COVERAGE; WIRELESS; LIFETIME; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; STRATEGIES; SCHEME AB Mobile sensor networking technology has attracted considerable attention in various research communities in recent years due to their widespread applications in civilian and military environments. One objective when using mobile sensors is to obtain maximum field coverage by properly deploying sensor nodes. In many real-world applications, a priori knowledge about the best deployment position for the sensors is not available. However, the motion capability of the sensors could allow each node to adjust its position (i.e., relocate) so that a better (and ultimately maximal) coverage is achieved. In this paper, a novel autonomous joint sensing range and relocation control algorithm is presented that achieves improved coverage and network lifetime at the same time. In the proposed algorithm, the sensing range of each sensor is adjusted iteratively based on its residual energy. At the same time, the sensor is directed to move within its corresponding multiplicatively weighted Voronoi region to ultimately increase sensing coverage in the field. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the technique. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada.; Aghdam, AG (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada.; Sayrafian-Pour, K (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hamid.mahboobi@mail.mcgill.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Grant 70NANB8H8146. Paper no. TII-15-0383. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1551-3203 EI 1941-0050 J9 IEEE T IND INFORM JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1109/TII.2016.2521710 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA DJ1FQ UT WOS:000373949100013 ER PT J AU Li, SS Schlamminger, S Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, L Pratt, JR AF Li, Shisong Schlamminger, Stephan Haddad, Darine Seifert, Frank Chao, Leon Pratt, Jon R. TI Coil motion effects in watt balances: a theoretical check SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE watt balance; magnetic field measurement; the Planck constant; systematic error ID PLANCK CONSTANT; MAGNET SYSTEM; MARK II; REDEFINITION; KILOGRAM; DESIGN; FIELD AB A watt balance is a precision apparatus for the measurement of the Planck constant that has been proposed as a primary method for realizing the unit of mass in a revised International System of Units. In contrast to an ampere balance, which was historically used to realize the unit of current in terms of the kilogram, the watt balance relates electrical and mechanical units through a virtual power measurement and has far greater precision. However, because the virtual power measurement requires the execution of a prescribed motion of a coil in a fixed magnetic field, systematic errors introduced by horizontal and rotational deviations of the coil from its prescribed path will compromise the accuracy. We model these potential errors using an analysis that accounts for the fringing field in the magnet, creating a framework for assessing the impact of this class of errors on the uncertainty of watt balance results. C1 [Li, Shisong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Shisong; Schlamminger, Stephan; Haddad, Darine; Seifert, Frank; Chao, Leon; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, SS (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Li, SS; Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leeshisong@sina.com; stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov OI Li, Shisong/0000-0002-2509-5523 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51507088] FX S Li acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant #51507088. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 817 EP 828 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/2/817 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI3CR UT WOS:000373376300012 ER PT J AU Chalermsongsak, T Hall, ED Cole, GD Follman, D Seifert, F Arai, K Gustafson, EK Smith, JR Aspelmeyer, M Adhikari, RX AF Chalermsongsak, Tara Hall, Evan D. Cole, Garrett D. Follman, David Seifert, Frank Arai, Koji Gustafson, Eric K. Smith, Joshua R. Aspelmeyer, Markus Adhikari, Rana X. TI Coherent cancellation of photothermal noise in GaAs/Al0.92Ga0.08As Bragg mirrors SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE photothermal noise; AlGaAs; laser frequency stabilization; Fabry-Perot cavities; gravitational waves ID LASER STABILIZATION; THERMAL-NOISE; COATINGS; CAVITY; DISSIPATION; REDUCTION; PHASE; LIGHT; GAAS AB Thermal noise is a limiting factor in many high-precision optical experiments. A search is underway for novel optical materials with reduced thermal noise. One such pair of materials, gallium arsenide and aluminum-alloyed gallium arsenide (collectively referred to as AlGaAs), shows promise for its low Brownian noise when compared to conventional materials such as silica and tantala. However, AlGaAs has the potential to produce a high level of thermo-optic noise. We have fabricated a set of AlGaAs crystalline coatings, transferred to fused silica substrates, whose layer structure has been optimized to reduce thermo-optic noise by inducing coherent cancellation of the thermoelastic and thermorefractive effects. By measuring the photothermal transfer function of these mirrors, we find evidence that this optimization has been successful. C1 [Chalermsongsak, Tara; Hall, Evan D.; Arai, Koji; Gustafson, Eric K.; Adhikari, Rana X.] CALTECH, LIGO Lab, MS 100-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cole, Garrett D.; Follman, David] Crystalline Mirror Solut LLC, 114 E Haley,Suite G, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Cole, Garrett D.] Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, Parkring 10, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. [Seifert, Frank] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seifert, Frank] Univ Maryland, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Joshua R.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. [Aspelmeyer, Markus] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hall, ED (reprint author), CALTECH, LIGO Lab, MS 100-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ehall@caltech.edu RI Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0757058]; EURAMET/EMRP (QESOCAS); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [AI0090921]; AWS Seed program; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [PHY-1255650] FX We gratefully acknowledge the informative discussions we have had regarding thermal noise with the Optics and Advanced Interferometer working groups of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration. In particular, we appreciate the input from Y Levin, M Evans, J Eichholz, A Gretarsson and K Yamamoto. We thank G Lovelace for pointing out an error in an earlier version of this manuscript. TC, EDH, FS, KA, EKG, and RXA acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under PHY-0757058. GDC acknowledges support from EURAMET/EMRP (QESOCAS). GDC and MA acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through project AI0090921, as well as funding by an AWS Seed program. A portion of this work was performed in the UCSB Nanofabrication Facility. RXA gratefully acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. JRS is supported by NSF award PHY-1255650. This article has the internal project designation LIGO-P1500054. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/2/860 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI3CR UT WOS:000373376300018 ER PT J AU Wei, HY Pomeroy, J AF Wei, Haoyan Pomeroy, Joshua TI Application of the double paddle oscillator for quantifying environmental, surface mass variation SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE double paddle oscillator; microbalance; instability of mass artefacts; gas adsorption and desorption ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; STAINLESS-STEEL; WATT BALANCE; PRECISION DETERMINATION; ADSORPTION LAYERS; PLANCK CONSTANT; NOBLE-GAS; STANDARDS; KILOGRAM; STABILITY AB Sub-monolayer sensitivity to controlled gas adsorption and desorption is demonstrated using a double paddle oscillator (DPO) installed within an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environmental chamber equipped with in situ film deposition, (multi) gas admission and temperature control. This effort is intended to establish a robust framework for quantitatively comparing mass changes due to gas loading and unloading on different materials systems selected or considered for use as mass artefacts. Our apparatus is composed of a UHV chamber with gas introduction and temperature control and in situ materials deposition for future materials testing enabling in situ preparation of virgin surfaces that can be monitored during initial exposure to gasses of interest. These tools are designed to allow us to comparatively evaluate how different materials gain or lose mass due to precisely controlled environmental excursions, with a long term goal of measuring changes in absolute mass. Herein, we provide a detailed experimental description of the apparatus, an evaluation of the initial performance, and demonstration measurements using nitrogen adsorption and desorption directly on the DPO. C1 [Wei, Haoyan; Pomeroy, Joshua] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, Haoyan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pomeroy, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 869 EP 880 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/2/869 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI3CR UT WOS:000373376300019 ER PT J AU Covey, JP Moses, SA Gaerttner, M Safavi-Naini, A Miecnikowski, MT Fu, ZK Schachenmayer, J Julienne, PS Rey, AM Jin, DS Ye, J AF Covey, Jacob P. Moses, Steven A. Gaerttner, Martin Safavi-Naini, Arghavan Miecnikowski, Matthew T. Fu, Zhengkun Schachenmayer, Johannes Julienne, Paul S. Rey, Ana Maria Jin, Deborah S. Ye, Jun TI Doublon dynamics and polar molecule production in an optical lattice SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; GAS AB Polar molecules in an optical lattice provide a versatile platform to study quantum many-body dynamics. Here we use such a system to prepare a density distribution where lattice sites are either empty or occupied by a doublon composed of an interacting Bose-Fermi pair. By letting this out-of-equilibrium system evolve from a well-defined, but disordered, initial condition, we observe clear effects on pairing that arise from inter-species interactions, a higher partial-wave Feshbach resonance and excited Bloch-band population. These observations facilitate a detailed understanding of molecule formation in the lattice. Moreover, the interplay of tunnelling and interaction of fermions and bosons provides a controllable platform to study Bose-Fermi Hubbard dynamics. Additionally, we can probe the distribution of the atomic gases in the lattice by measuring the inelastic loss of doublons. These techniques realize tools that are generically applicable to studying the complex dynamics of atomic mixtures in optical lattices. C1 [Covey, Jacob P.; Moses, Steven A.; Gaerttner, Martin; Safavi-Naini, Arghavan; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Fu, Zhengkun; Schachenmayer, Johannes; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Covey, Jacob P.; Moses, Steven A.; Gaerttner, Martin; Safavi-Naini, Arghavan; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Fu, Zhengkun; Schachenmayer, Johannes; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Covey, Jacob P.; Moses, Steven A.; Gaerttner, Martin; Safavi-Naini, Arghavan; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Fu, Zhengkun; Schachenmayer, Johannes; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20702 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20702 USA. RP Jin, DS; Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jin, DS; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jin, DS; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU NIST; NSF [1125844]; AFOSR-MURI; ARO-MURI; ARO; NDSEG fellowship; [NSF-PIF-1211914] FX We thank M. Wall for useful discussions. We acknowledge funding for this work from NIST, NSF grant number 1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914, AFOSR-MURI, ARO-MURI, and ARO. J.P.C. acknowledges funding from the NDSEG fellowship. Part of the computation for this work was performed at the University of Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER). NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11279 DI 10.1038/ncomms11279 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ3SL UT WOS:000374126300001 PM 27075831 ER PT J AU Lootens, D Bentz, DP AF Lootens, Didier Bentz, Dale P. TI On the relation of setting and early-age strength development to porosity and hydration in cement-based materials SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Calorimetry; Hydration; Percolation; Porosity; Setting; Strength; Ultrasonic reflection ID ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS; WATER; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONCRETE; RATIO; BEHAVIOR; MORTAR; PASTE AB Previous research has demonstrated a linear relationship between compressive strength (mortar cubes and concrete cylinders) and cumulative heat release normalized per unit volume of (mixing) water for a wide variety of cement-based mixtures at ages of 1 d and beyond. This paper utilizes concurrent ultrasonic reflection and calorimetry measurements to further explore this relationship from the time of specimen casting to 3 d. The ultrasonic measurements permit a continuous evaluation of thickening, setting, and strength development during this time period for comparison with the ongoing chemical reactions, as characterized by isothermal calorimetry measurements. Initially, the ultrasonic strength heat release relation depends strongly on water-to-cement ratio, as well as admixture additions, with no universal behavior. Still, each individual strength-heat release curve is consistent with a percolation based view of the cement setting process. However, beyond about 8 h for the systems investigated in the present study, the various strength-heat release curves merge towards a single relationship that broadly characterizes the development of strength as a function of heat released (fractional space filled), demonstrating that mortar and/or concrete strength at early ages can be effectively monitored using either ultrasonic or calorimetry measurements on small paste or mortar specimens. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lootens, Didier] Sika Technol AG, Tuffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Engn Lab, 100Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lootens.didier@ch.sika.com; dale.bentz@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2016 VL 68 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.02.010 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA DI7AE UT WOS:000373650700002 PM 27046956 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Sinsky, E Miller, JR AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Sinsky, Eric Miller, James R. TI Variability in projected elevation dependent warming in boreal midlatitude winter in CMIP5 climate models and its potential drivers SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Elevation dependent warming; Mountains; Rocky Mountains; Tibetan Plateau; Water vapor; Snow albedo; Feedbacks; Temperature; EDW; Winter; CMIP5; GCM ID TEMPERATURE TRENDS; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FEEDBACK; SNOW; AIR AB The future rate of climate change in mountains has many potential human impacts, including those related to water resources, ecosystem services, and recreation. Analysis of the ensemble mean response of CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs) shows amplified warming in high elevation regions during the cold season in boreal midlatitudes. We examine how the twenty-first century elevation-dependent response in the daily minimum surface air temperature [d(Delta Tmin)/dz] varies among 27 different GCMs during winter for the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario. The focus is on regions within the northern hemisphere mid-latitude band between 27.5A degrees N and 40A degrees N, which includes both the Rocky Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau/Himalayas. We find significant variability in d(Delta Tmin)/dz among the individual models ranging from 0.16 A degrees C/km (10th percentile) to 0.97 A degrees C/km (90th percentile), although nearly all of the GCMs (24 out of 27) show a significant positive value for d(Delta Tmin)/dz. To identify some of the important drivers associated with the variability in d(Delta Tmin)/dz during winter, we evaluate the co-variance between d(Delta Tmin)/dz and the differential response of elevation-based anomalies in different climate variables as well as the GCMs' spatial resolution, their global climate sensitivity, and their elevation-dependent free air temperature response. We find that d(Delta Tmin)/dz has the strongest correlation with elevation-dependent increases in surface water vapor, followed by elevation-dependent decreases in surface albedo, and a weak positive correlation with the GCMs' free air temperature response. C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. [Sinsky, Eric] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rangwala, I (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM imtiaz.rangwala@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1064326, AGS-1064281] FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their time and helpful suggestions. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation Grants: AGS-1064326 and AGS-1064281. We acknowledge KNMI and ESGF data portals for access to CMIP5 data. We thank C. Naud and J. Barsugli for helpful comments. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 7-8 BP 2115 EP 2122 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2692-0 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI4AR UT WOS:000373442900006 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, L Krishnamurthy, V AF Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Krishnamurthy, V. TI Teleconnections of Indian monsoon rainfall with AMO and Atlantic tripole SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Indian monsoon; AMO; Atlantic tripole; NAO; NCAR CCSM4; Decadal variability ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; COLORED NOISE; OCEAN; CLIMATE; FREQUENCY; PREDICTABILITY AB The teleconnections between the decadal modes in the Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature are investigated. The two decadal modes of variability in the North Atlantic, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the Atlantic tripole, have opposite relation with the two decadal modes of IMR. The AMO has positive correlation with the monsoon rainfall while the Atlantic tripole has negative correlation. This study has put forward hypotheses for the mechanisms involved in the teleconnections of the AMO and the Atlantic tripole with the IMR. The warm phase of AMO may influence the monsoon through the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) and further through the equatorial zonal winds which increase the moisture flow over India by enhancing the southwesterly flow. The warm phase of Atlantic tripole may impact the monsoon through the all-season NAO, leading to decreased moisture flow over India through the equatorial wind pattern. The observed relations between the decadal modes in the North Atlantic and the Indian monsoon are explored in the simulations of National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model. Although the model supports the observed decadal teleconnection between the Atlantic Ocean and Indian monsoon, it has limitations in capturing the details of the spatial pattern associated with the teleconnection. The teleconnections of AMO and Atlantic tripole with the Indian monsoon is further demonstrated through an experiment with CCSM4 by decoupling the North Atlantic Ocean. The hypotheses for the mechanisms of the Atlantic teleconnections are also explored in the CCSM4 simulation. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Krishnamurthy, V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Krishnamurthy, V.] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA USA. [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi] Princeton Univ, UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Krishnamurthy, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Lakshmi.Krishnamurthy@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0830062, ATM-0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [A09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN50G] FX This work was supported by grants from National Science Foundation (ATM-0830062 and ATM-0830068), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (A09OAR4310058), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX09AN50G). The authors thank National Center for Atmospheric Research for computer time, the model control data and technical help with model experiments, and Bohua Huang and Yohan Ruprich-Robert for helpful discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their insights which has helped to improve this manuscript. This work formed a part of the Ph.D. thesis of Lakshmi Krishnamurthy at George Mason University. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 7-8 BP 2269 EP 2285 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2701-3 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI4AR UT WOS:000373442900015 ER PT J AU Wang, ZZ Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zhengzhi Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI System compliance dictates the effect of composite filler content on polymerization shrinkage stress SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental composites; Polymerization shrinkage stress; Filler content; Curing kinetics; Compliance of constraint ID DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITES; LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; CONTRACTION STRESS; INSTRUMENT COMPLIANCE; RESTORATIVE RESINS; PARTICLE-SIZE; C-FACTOR; CONVERSION; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; KINETICS AB Objective. The effect of filler content in dental restorative composites on the polymerization shrinkage stress (PS) is not straightforward and has caused much debate in the literature. Our objective in this study was to clarify the PS/filler content relationship based on analytical and experimental approaches, so that guidelines for materials comparison in terms of PS and clinical selection of dental composites with various filler content can be provided. Methods. Analytically, a simplified model based on linear elasticity was utilized to predict PS as a function of filler content under various compliances of the testing system, a cantilever beam-based instrument used in this study. The predictions were validated by measuring PS of composites synthesized using 50/50 mixtures of two common dimethacrylate resins with a variety of filler contents. Results. Both experiments and predictions indicated that the influence of filler content on the PS highly depended on the compliance of the testing system. Within the clinic-relevant range of compliances and for the specific sample configuration tested, the PS increased with increasing filler content at low compliance of instrument, while increasing the compliance caused the effect of filler content on the PS to gradually diminish. Eventually, at high compliance, the PS inverted and decreased with increasing filler content. Significance. This compliance-dependent effect of filler content on PS suggests: (1) for materials comparison in terms of PS, the specific compliance at which the comparison being done should always be reported and (2) clinically, composites with relatively lower filler content could be selected for such cavities with relatively lower compliance (e.g. a Class-I cavity with thick tooth walls or the basal part in a cavity) and vice versa in order to reduce the final PS. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Wang, Zhengzhi; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Zhengzhi] Wuhan Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). We thank Dr. Forrest A. Landis and Dr. Joseph M. Antonucci for their help in preparing the composites, Dr. Jae Hyun Kim and Mr. Anthony A.M. Giuseppetti for their help in the elastic modulus measurement. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2016.01.006 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DI4TU UT WOS:000373493100010 PM 26916062 ER PT J AU Guo, YW Landis, FA Wang, ZZ Bai, D Jiang, L Chiang, MYM AF Guo, Yongwen Landis, Forrest A. Wang, Zhengzhi Bai, Ding Jiang, Li Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Polymerization stress evolution of a bulk-fill flowable composite under different compliances SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Bulk-fill flowable composite; Polymerization stress; Exotherm; Degree of conversion; Compliance ID DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITES; LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; CONTRACTION STRESS; INSTRUMENT COMPLIANCE; KINETICS; CONVERSION; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; RESTORATIONS AB Objective. To use a compliance-variable instrument to simultaneously measure and compare the polymerization stress (PS) evolution, degree of conversion (DC), and exotherm of a bulk fill flowable composite to a packable composite. Methods. A bulk-fill flowable composite (Filtek Bulk-fill, FBF) and a conventional packable composite (Filtek Z250, Z250) purchased from 3 M ESPE were investigated. The composites were studied using a cantilever-beam based instrument equipped with an in situ near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and a microprobe thermocouple. The measurements were carried out under various instrumental compliances (ranging from 0.3327 mu m/N to 12.3215 mu m/N) that are comparable to the compliances of clinically prepared tooth cavities. Correlations between the PS and temperature change as well as the DC were interpreted. Results. The maximum PS of both composites at 10 min after irradiation decreased with the increase in the compliance of the cantilever beam. The FBF composite generated a lower final stress than the Z250 sample under instrumental compliances less than ca. 4 mu m/N; however, both materials generated statistically similar PS values at higher compliances. The reaction exotherm and the DC of both materials were found to be independent of compliance. The DC of the FBF sample was slightly higher than that of the packable Z250 composite while the peak exotherm of FBF was almost double that of the Z250 composite. For FBF, a characteristic drop in the PS was observed during the early stage of polymerization for all compliances studied which was not observed in the Z250 sample. This drop was shown to relate to the greater exotherm of the less-filled FBF sample relative to the Z250 composite. Significance. While the composites with lower filler content (low viscosity) are generally considered to have lower PS than the conventional packable composites, a bulk-fill flowable composite was shown to produce lower PS under a lower compliance of constraint as would be experienced if the composite was used as the base material in clinical procedures. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Guo, Yongwen; Bai, Ding; Jiang, Li] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Stomatol, Dept Orthodont, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Guo, Yongwen; Wang, Zhengzhi; Bai, Ding; Jiang, Li; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landis, Forrest A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, York Campus, York, PA 17403 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov FU China Scholarship Council; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [Y1-DE-7005-01]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIH/NIDCR [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX This study is based on research that was funded through the China Scholarship Council and an Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIH/NIDCR [Y1-DE-7005-01]. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD APR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 4 BP 578 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2016.01.009 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA DI4TU UT WOS:000373493100013 PM 26861171 ER PT J AU Lee, WS Monaghan, P Metcalfe, NB AF Lee, Who-Seung Monaghan, Pat Metcalfe, Neil B. TI Perturbations in growth trajectory due to early diet affect age-related deterioration in performance SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ageing; compensatory growth; life history; nutrition; senescence; trade-off ID CATCH-UP GROWTH; JUVENILE BROWN TROUT; COMPENSATORY GROWTH; TRADE-OFF; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIFE-SPAN; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT AB Fluctuations in early developmental conditions can cause changes in growth trajectories that subsequently affect the adult phenotype. Here, we investigated whether compensatory growth has long-term consequences for patterns of senescence. Using three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we show that a brief period of dietary manipulation in early life affected skeletal growth rate not only during the manipulation itself, but also during a subsequent compensatory phase when fish caught up in size with controls. However, this growth acceleration influenced swimming endurance and its decline over the course of the breeding season, with a faster decline in fish that had undergone faster growth compensation. Similarly, accelerated growth led to a more pronounced reduction in the breeding period (as indicated by the duration of sexual ornamentation) over the following two breeding seasons, suggesting faster reproductive senescence. Parallel experiments showed a heightened effect of accelerated growth on these age-related declines in performance if the fish were under greater time stress to complete their compensation prior to the breeding season. Compensatory growth led to a reduction in median life span of 12% compared to steadily growing controls. While life span was independent of the eventual adult size attained, it was negatively correlated with the age-related decline in swimming endurance and sexual ornamentation. These results, complementary to those found when growth trajectories were altered by temperature rather than dietary manipulations, show that the costs of accelerated growth can last well beyond the time over which growth rates differ and are affected by the time available until an approaching life-history event such as reproduction. C1 [Lee, Who-Seung; Monaghan, Pat; Metcalfe, Neil B.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Lee, Who-Seung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Cente, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lee, Who-Seung] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lee, WS (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.; Lee, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Cente, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Lee, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM whoseung@gmail.com RI Monaghan, Pat/E-6810-2015; Metcalfe, Neil/C-5997-2009 OI Metcalfe, Neil/0000-0002-1970-9349 FU University of Glasgow Postgraduate Scholarship; Overseas Research Student Award; ERC Advanced grant [268926, 322784]; NERC [NE/K00400X/1] FX We thank Graham Law, John Laurie and Alastair Kirk for help with fish husbandry. WSL was funded by a University of Glasgow Postgraduate Scholarship and an Overseas Research Student Award. PM was funded by ERC Advanced grant 268926, and NBM was funded by ERC Advanced Grant 322784; both PM and NBM were funded by NERC grant NE/K00400X/1. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 4 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12538 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ0UV UT WOS:000373920800014 ER PT J AU Hull, RN Luoma, SN Bayne, BA Iliff, J Larkin, DJ Paschke, MW Victor, SL Ward, SE AF Hull, Ruth N. Luoma, Samuel N. Bayne, Bruce A. Iliff, John Larkin, Daniel J. Paschke, Mark W. Victor, Sasha L. Ward, Sara E. TI Opportunities and challenges of integrating ecological restoration into assessment and management of contaminated ecosystems SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Early integration; Ecosystem services; Monitoring; Restoration ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; REMEDIATION; STREAMS AB Ecosystem restoration planning near the beginning of the site assessment and management process (early integration) involves consideration of restoration goals from the outset in developing solutions for contaminated ecosystems. There are limitations to integration that stem from institutional barriers, few successful precedents, and limited availability of guidance. Challenges occur in integrating expertise from various disciplines and multiple, sometimes divergent interests and goals. The more complex process can result in timing, capacity, communication, and collaboration challenges. On the other hand, integrating the 2 approaches presents new and creative opportunities. For example, integration allows early planning for expanding ecosystem services on or near contaminated lands or waters that might otherwise have been unaddressed by remediation alone. Integrated plans can explicitly pursue ecosystem services that have market value, which can add to funds for long-term monitoring and management. Early integration presents opportunities for improved and productive collaboration and coordination between ecosystem restoration and contaminant assessment and management. Examples exist where early integration facilitates liability resolution and generates positive public relations. Restoration planning and implementation before the completion of the contaminated site assessment, remediation, or management process (early restoration) can facilitate coordination with offsite restoration options and a regional approach to restoration of contaminated environments. Integration of performance monitoring, for both remedial and restoration actions, can save resources and expand the interpretive power of results. Early integration may aid experimentation, which may be more feasible on contaminated lands than in many other situations. The potential application of concepts and tools from adaptive management is discussed as a way of avoiding pitfalls and achieving benefits in early integration. In any case, there will be challenges with early integration of restoration concepts for contaminated ecosystems, but the benefits are likely to outweigh them. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:296-305. (c) 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Hull, Ruth N.] Intrinsik Environm Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Luoma, Samuel N.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bayne, Bruce A.] AECOM, Conshohocken, PA USA. [Iliff, John] NOAA, NMFS Off Habitat Conservat, Operat Management & Informat Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Larkin, Daniel J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Paschke, Mark W.; Victor, Sasha L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ward, Sara E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh Ecol Serv Field Off, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Hull, RN (reprint author), Intrinsik Environm Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada. EM rhull@intrinsik.com FU Anchor QEA LLC; Chevron; CSIRO; DuPont; ExxonMobil; Honeywell; Industrial Economics; Intrinsik Environmental Sciences; Integral Consulting; Matrix New World Engineering; Newmont Mining; Rio Tinto; Teck Metals; Conservation Fund; URS Corporation; US Department of the Interior; Windward Environmental LLC. FX We gratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to us before, during, and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from the following groups that made the workshop possible: Anchor QEA LLC, Chevron, CSIRO, DuPont, ExxonMobil, Honeywell, Industrial Economics, Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Integral Consulting, Matrix New World Engineering, Newmont Mining, Rio Tinto, Teck Metals, The Conservation Fund, URS Corporation, US Department of the Interior, and Windward Environmental LLC. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1002/ieam.1714 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DI3KG UT WOS:000373396900010 PM 26419951 ER PT J AU Hao, ZC Hong, Y Xia, YL Singh, VP Hao, FH Cheng, HG AF Hao, Zengchao Hong, Yang Xia, Youlong Singh, Vijay P. Hao, Fanghua Cheng, Hongguang TI Probabilistic drought characterization in the categorical form using ordinal regression SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Drought indices; Drought category; US Drought Monitor ID UNITED-STATES; INDEX; MODELS; MONITOR AB Drought is an insidious natural hazard that may cause tremendous losses to different sectors, including agriculture and ecosystems. Reliable drought monitoring and early warning are of critical importance for drought preparedness planning and mitigation to reduce potential impacts. Traditional drought monitoring is generally based on drought indices, such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), that are computed from hydro-climatic variables. The U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) classifies drought conditions into different drought categories to provide composite drought information by integrating multiple drought indices, which has been commonly used to aid decision making at the federal, state, and local levels. Characterizing drought in categories similar to USDM would be important for decision making for both research and operational purposes. However, drought monitoring, based on a variety of drought indices, is challenged by the classification of drought into categories used by USDM. In this study, an ordinal regression model is proposed to characterize droughts in USDM drought categories based on several drought indices, in which the probability of each drought category can be estimated. The proposed method is assessed by comparing with USDM in Texas and a satisfactory performance for estimating drought categories is revealed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hao, Zengchao; Hao, Fanghua; Cheng, Hongguang] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Green Dev Inst, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Hao, Zengchao; Hong, Yang] Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Hao, Zengchao; Hong, Yang] Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xia, Youlong] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IM Syst Grp Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM haozc@bnu.edu.cn; yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Beijing Normal University [2015NT02]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)-CGIAR Project [71461010701] FX This work is supported by Youth Scholars Program of Beijing Normal University (Grant No. 2015NT02) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)-CGIAR Project (No. 71461010701). We thank the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for providing NLDAS-2 datasets. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 535 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.074 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI3TN UT WOS:000373421500028 ER PT J AU Haugland, RA Siefring, S Varma, M Oshima, KH Sivaganesan, M Cao, YP Raith, M Griffith, J Weisberg, SB Noble, RT Blackwood, AD Kinzelman, J Anan'eva, T Bushon, RN Stelzer, EA Harwood, VJ Gordon, KV Sinigalliano, C AF Haugland, Richard A. Siefring, Shawn Varma, Manju Oshima, Kevin H. Sivaganesan, Mano Cao, Yiping Raith, Meredith Griffith, John Weisberg, Stephen B. Noble, Rachel T. Blackwood, A. Denene Kinzelman, Julie Anan'eva, Tamara Bushon, Rebecca N. Stelzer, Erin A. Harwood, Valarie J. Gordon, Katrina V. Sinigalliano, Christopher TI Multi-laboratory survey of qPCR enterococci analysis method performance in US coastal and inland surface waters SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Enterococci; qPCR; Interference; Performance; EPA Method 1609; EPA Method 1611 ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CULTURE-BASED METHODS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; MARINE BEACHES; ENUMERATION; QUALITY; QUANTIFICATION; INDICATORS; ILLNESS AB Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become a frequently used technique for quantifying enterococci in recreational surface waters, but there are several methodological options. Here we evaluated how three method permutations, type of mastermix, sample extract dilution and use of controls in results calculation, affect method reliability among multiple laboratories with respect to sample interference. Multiple samples from each of 22 sites representing an array of habitat types were analyzed using EPA Method 1611 and 1609 reagents with full strength and five-fold diluted extracts. The presence of interference was assessed three ways: using sample processing and PCR amplifications controls; consistency of results across extract dilutions; and relative recovery of target genes from spiked enterococci in water sample compared to control matrices with acceptable recovery defined as 50 to 200%. Method 1609, which is based on an environmental mastermix, was found to be superior to Method 1611, which is based on a universal mastermix. Method 1611 had over a 40% control assay failure rate with undiluted extracts and a 6% failure rate with diluted extracts. Method 1609 failed in only 11% and 3% of undiluted and diluted extracts analyses. Use of sample processing control assay results in the delta-delta Ct method for calculating relative target gene recoveries increased the number of acceptable recovery results. Delta-delta tended to bias recoveries from apparent partially inhibitory samples on the high side which could help in avoiding potential underestimates of enterococci - an important consideration in a public health context. Control assay and delta-delta recovery results were largely consistent across the range of habitats sampled, and among laboratories. The methodological option that best balanced acceptable estimated target gene recoveries with method sensitivity and avoidance of underestimated enterococci densities was Method 1609 without extract dilution and using the delta-delta calculation method. The applicability of this method can be extended by the analysis of diluted extracts to sites where interference is indicated but, particularly in these instances, should be confirmed by augmenting the control assays with analyses for target gene recoveries from spiked target organisms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haugland, Richard A.; Siefring, Shawn; Varma, Manju; Oshima, Kevin H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Sivaganesan, Mano] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Cao, Yiping; Raith, Meredith; Griffith, John; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Noble, Rachel T.; Blackwood, A. Denene] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Kinzelman, Julie; Anan'eva, Tamara] City Racine Hlth Dept, Racine, WI USA. [Bushon, Rebecca N.; Stelzer, Erin A.] US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH USA. [Harwood, Valarie J.; Gordon, Katrina V.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Haugland, RA (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM haugland.rich@epa.gov RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425; Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD APR PY 2016 VL 123 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.017 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA DI7BY UT WOS:000373655300017 PM 26844886 ER PT J AU Bill, BD Moore, SK Hay, LR Anderson, DM Trainer, VL AF Bill, Brian D. Moore, Stephanie K. Hay, Levi R. Anderson, Donald M. Trainer, Vera L. TI Effects of temperature and salinity on the growth of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) isolates from the Salish Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium; growth rate; HAB; harmful algae; hindcast; Puget Sound; salinity; Salish Sea; temperature ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH; PUGET-SOUND; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; NARRAGANSETT BAY; TOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; WASHINGTON; IRRADIANCE; PATTERNS; TOXINS AB Toxin-producing blooms of dinoflagellates in the genus Alexandrium have plagued the inhabitants of the Salish Sea for centuries. Yet the environmental conditions that promote accelerated growth of this organism, a producer of paralytic shellfish toxins, is lacking. This study quantitatively determined the growth response of two Alexandrium isolates to a range of temperatures and salinities, factors that will strongly respond to future climate change scenarios. An empirical equation, derived from observed growth rates describing the temperature and salinity dependence of growth, was used to hindcast bloom risk. Hindcasting was achieved by comparing predicted growth rates, calculated from insitu temperature and salinity data from Quartermaster Harbor, with corresponding Alexandrium cell counts and shellfish toxin data. The greatest bloom risk, defined at >0.25d(-1), generally occurred from April through November annually; however, growth rates rarely fell below 0.10d(-1). Except for a few occasions, Alexandrium cells were only observed during the periods of highest bloom risk and paralytic shellfish toxins above the regulatory limit always fell within the periods of predicted bloom occurrence. While acknowledging that Alexandrium growth rates are affected by other abiotic and biotic factors, such as grazing pressure and nutrient availability, the use of this empirical growth function to predict higher risk time frames for blooms and toxic shellfish within the Salish Sea provides the groundwork for a more comprehensive biological model of Alexandrium bloom dynamics in the region and will enhance our ability to forecast blooms in the Salish Sea under future climate change scenarios. C1 [Bill, Brian D.; Trainer, Vera L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Seattle, WA USA. [Hay, Levi R.] Univ Washington, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bill, BD (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Marine Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA USA. EM brian.d.bill@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom (ECOHAB) Program; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, National Science Foundation [OCE-1314642]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1-P01-ES021923-01] FX The authors thank K. Bright (American Gold Seafoods) and K. Rickerson (SoundToxins program) for collecting the bloom water used for Alexandrium isolation; J. A. Johnstone (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean) for modeling the growth responses; S. Brugger for culture maintenance; and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Pasco Research Station for building the temperature gradient bar. We thank C. Greengrove and J. Masura (University of Washington Tacoma) for providing in situ Quartermaster Harbor light data, K. Rickerson and the SoundToxins partnership for Alexandrium cell counts, the King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks for temperature and salinity data and the Washington State Department of Health for shellfish toxicity data. This research was supported in part by a grant from the NOAA Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom (ECOHAB) Program to the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Support for D. M. Anderson was also provided through the NOAA Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom (ECOHAB) Program grant OCE-1314642 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant 1-P01-ES021923-01. This is ECOHAB publication number 808. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1111/jpy.12386 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DI6OG UT WOS:000373618400008 PM 27037588 ER PT J AU Saglamyurek, E Puigibert, MG Zhou, Q Giner, L Marsili, F Verma, VB Nam, SW Oesterling, L Nippa, D Oblak, D Tittel, W AF Saglamyurek, Erhan Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau Zhou, Qiang Giner, Lambert Marsili, Francesco Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo Oesterling, Lee Nippa, David Oblak, Daniel Tittel, Wolfgang TI A multiplexed light-matter interface for fibre-based quantum networks SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MEMORY; STORAGE; PHOTONS AB Processing and distributing quantum information using photons through fibre-optic or free-space links are essential for building future quantum networks. The scalability needed for such networks can be achieved by employing photonic quantum states that are multiplexed into time and/or frequency, and light-matter interfaces that are able to store and process such states with large time-bandwidth product and multimode capacities. Despite important progress in developing such devices, the demonstration of these capabilities using non-classical light remains challenging. Here, employing the atomic frequency comb quantum memory protocol in a cryogenically cooled erbium-doped optical fibre, we report the quantum storage of heralded single photons at a telecom-wavelength (1.53 mu m) with a time-bandwidth product approaching 800. Furthermore, we demonstrate frequency-multimode storage and memory-based spectral-temporal photon manipulation. Notably, our demonstrations rely on fully integrated quantum technologies operating at telecommunication wavelengths. With improved storage efficiency, our light-matter interface may become a useful tool in future quantum networks. C1 [Saglamyurek, Erhan; Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau; Zhou, Qiang; Giner, Lambert; Oblak, Daniel; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Saglamyurek, Erhan; Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau; Zhou, Qiang; Giner, Lambert; Oblak, Daniel; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Marsili, Francesco] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Appl Phys, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Oesterling, Lee; Nippa, David] Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Giner, Lambert] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Tittel, W (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.; Tittel, W (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM wtittel@ucalgary.ca RI Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011 FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) programme; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX E.S., M.G., Q.Z., L.G., D.O. and W.T. thank Jeongwan Jin, Neil Sinclair, Charles Thiel and Vladimir Kiselyov for discussions and technical support, and acknowledge funding through the Alberta Innovates Technology Futures and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Furthermore, W.T. acknowledges support as a Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and V.B.V. and S.W.N. partial funding for detector development from the DARPA Information in a Photon (InPho) programme. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. L.O. and D.N. acknowledge Srico Inc. for their assistance with the fabrication of PPLN wafers. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2016 VL 7 AR 11202 DI 10.1038/ncomms11202 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DI6PK UT WOS:000373621700001 PM 27046076 ER PT J AU Campbell, DL Spielman, IB AF Campbell, D. L. Spielman, I. B. TI Rashba realization: Raman with RF SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Rashba; spin-orbit; cold atoms; Bose-Einstein condensate; Floquet; effective potential ID OPTICAL LATTICES; PHASE; POTENTIALS; DYNAMICS AB We theoretically explore a Rashba spin-orbit coupling scheme which operates entirely in the absolute ground state manifold of an alkali atom, thereby minimizing all inelastic processes. An energy gap between ground eigenstates of the proposed coupling can be continuously opened or closed by modifying laser polarizations. Our technique uses far-detuned 'Raman' laser coupling to create the Rashba potential, which has the benefit of low spontaneous emission rates. At these detunings, the Raman matrix elements that link m(F) magnetic sublevel quantum numbers separated by two are also suppressed. These matrix elements are necessary to produce the Rashba Hamiltonian within a single total angular momentum f manifold. However, the far-detuned Raman couplings can link the three XYZ states familiar to quantum chemistry, which possess the necessary connectivity to realize the Rashba potential. We show that these XYZ states are essentially the hyperfine spin eigenstates of Rb-87 dressed by a strong radio-frequency magnetic field. C1 [Campbell, D. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dlcamp@mit.edu FU ARO's atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI FX This work was partially supported by the ARO's atomtronics MURI, by the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 033035 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/3/033035 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI8CE UT WOS:000373727800001 ER PT J AU Ilicak, M Drange, H Wang, Q Gerdes, R Aksenov, Y Bailey, D Bentsen, M Biastoch, A Bozec, A Boning, C Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Curry, B Danabasoglu, G Danilov, S Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Iovino, D Jahn, A Jung, T Large, WG Lee, C Lique, C Lu, JH Masina, S Nurser, AJG Roth, C Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Spence, P Tsujino, H Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, XZ Yeager, SG AF Ilicak, Mehmet Drange, Helge Wang, Qiang Gerdes, Rudiger Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Boening, Claus Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Nurser, A. J. George Roth, Christina Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. TI An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Water; St. Anna Trough; Density currents; CORE-II atmospheric forcing ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SIMULATIONS; LIQUID FRESH-WATER; SEA-ICE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SUBPOLAR GYRE; COLD WINTERS; MASSES; ADVECTION; WEATHER; CLIMATOLOGY AB In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the shelves. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ilicak, Mehmet; Bentsen, Mats] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Wang, Qiang; Gerdes, Rudiger; Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Wang, Xuezhu] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Aksenov, Yevgeny; Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOC, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Bailey, David; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Jahn, Alexandra; Large, William G.; Yeager, Steve G.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Roth, Christina] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe; Fernandez, Elodie; Valcke, Sophie] CNRS, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Unite Rech Associee 1875, Toulouse, France. [Curry, Beth; Lee, Craig] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Iovino, Doroteaciro; Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lique, Camille] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Spence, Paul] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Masina, Simona] INGV, Bologna, Italy. [Jahn, Alexandra] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Atmopher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. IFREMER, Lab Phys Oceans, Brest, France. RP Ilicak, M (reprint author), Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. EM mehmet.ilicak@noaa.gov RI Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Jahn, Alexandra/C-6545-2008; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016 OI Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Jahn, Alexandra/0000-0002-6580-2579; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; FU European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [610055]; Research Council of Norway through the project EVA [229771, nn2345k, ns2345k]; international CLIVAR; U.S. CLIVAR project offices; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NO-TUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project; Italian Ministry of Education; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR4310138]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant [OCE-1243015]; "RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change" - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres - Strategic Research Programme; Arctic Research Programme TEA-COSI project [NE/I028947/1]; National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [PLR-1313614, PLR-1203720]; Australian Research Council grant [DE150100223] FX M. Ilicak is supported by Ice2Ice project that has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 610055.; M. Bentsen, H. Drange and M. Ilicak acknowledge support from the Research Council of Norway through the project EVA (grants 229771, nn2345k, ns2345k).; The WCRP/CLIVAR Ocean Model Development Panel (OMDP) is responsible for organizing the Coordinated Ocean-sea ice Reference Experiments, with support from the international CLIVAR and U.S. CLIVAR project offices. We are grateful for the efforts of modelers who have contributed to the simulation and processing of the CORE-II experiments.; The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NO-TUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research.; AWI is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. Q. Wang is funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project.; The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project.; NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). S.G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program grants NA09OAR4310163 and NA13OAR4310138 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR.; The GEOMAR experiments were performed at the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). C. Roth was supported by the Co-Operative Project "RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change" funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), grant no. 03F0651B.; The NOC contribution was partly supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres - Strategic Research Programme and partly by the Arctic Research Programme TEA-COSI project (NE/I028947/1). We also acknowledge the annual meetings of the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observing Synthesis (FAMOS), funded by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, awards PLR-1313614 and PLR-1203720 being instrumental in conceiving ideas and in inspiring the present study and are thankful to FAMOS for travel support to attend these meetings. The NOC-ORCA simulations were performed using the NOC local computing facilities and the cluster MOBILIS.; P. Spence is supported by the Australian Research Council grant DE150100223. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD APR PY 2016 VL 100 BP 141 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DI8BN UT WOS:000373726000010 ER PT J AU Long, DA Fleisher, AJ Liu, Q Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Fleisher, A. J. Liu, Q. Hodges, J. T. TI Ultra-sensitive cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; STABILIZATION; SPECTROMETER AB We describe an ultra-sensitive cavity ring-down spectrometer which operates in the mid-infrared spectral region near 4.5 mu m. With this instrument a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 2.6 x 10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) was demonstrated with less than 150 nW of optical power incident on the photodetector. Quantum noise was observed in the individual ring-down decay events, leading to quantum-noise-limited short-time performance. We believe that this spectrometer's combination of high sensitivity and robustness make it well suited for measurements of ultra-trace gas species as well as applications in optics and fundamental physics. C1 [Long, D. A.; Fleisher, A. J.; Liu, Q.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov; adam.fleisher@nist.gov RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research, Innovation in Measurement Science Grant). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1612 EP 1615 DI 10.1364/OL.41.001612 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI0ZI UT WOS:000373225400078 PM 27192300 ER PT J AU Panthi, J Aryal, S Dahal, P Bhandari, P Krakauer, NY Pandey, VP AF Panthi, Jeeban Aryal, Suman Dahal, Piyush Bhandari, Parashuram Krakauer, Nir Y. Pandey, Vishnu Prasad TI Livelihood vulnerability approach to assessing climate change impacts on mixed agro-livestock smallholders around the Gandaki River Basin in Nepal SO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Mixed agro-livestock; Nepal; Smallholders; Vulnerability ID COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATION; VARIABILITY; ASSESSMENTS; FRAMEWORK; RAINFALL; HIMALAYA; SYSTEMS; FLOODS AB Climate change vulnerability depends upon various factors and differs between places, sectors and communities. People in developing countries whose subsistence livelihood depends mainly upon agriculture and livestock production are identified as particularly vulnerable. Nepal, where the majority of people are in a mixed agro-livestock system, is identified as the world's fourth most vulnerable country to climate change. However, there is limited knowledge on how vulnerable mixed agro-livestock smallholders are and how their vulnerability differs across different ecological regions in Nepal. This study aims to test two vulnerability assessment indices, livelihood vulnerability index and IPCC vulnerability index, around the Gandaki River Basin of central Nepal. A total of 543 households practicing mixed agro-livestock were surveyed from three districts, namely Dhading, Syangja and Kapilvastu representing three major ecological zones: mountain, mid-hill and Terai (lowland). Data on socio-demographics, livelihood determinants, social networks, health, food and water security, natural disasters and climate variability were collected and combined into the indices. Both indices differed for mixed agro-livestock smallholders across the three districts, with Dhading scoring as the most vulnerable and Syangja the least. Substantial variation across the districts was observed in components, sub-components and three dimensions (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) of vulnerability. The findings help in designing site-specific intervention strategies to reduce vulnerability of mixed agro-livestock smallholders to climate change. C1 [Panthi, Jeeban; Dahal, Piyush] Small Earth Nepal, 626 Bhakti Thapa Sadak,POB 20533, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Aryal, Suman] Univ So Queensland, Int Ctr Appl Climate Sci, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Aryal, Suman] Univ So Queensland, Fac Business Educ Law & Arts, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Bhandari, Parashuram] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Environm Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Pandey, Vishnu Prasad] Asian Inst Technol & Management, POB 25, Lalitpur Patan 44700, Spain. [Pandey, Vishnu Prasad] Asian Inst Technol, POB 4, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand. RP Panthi, J (reprint author), Small Earth Nepal, 626 Bhakti Thapa Sadak,POB 20533, Kathmandu, Nepal. EM panthijeeban@gmail.com; aaryalsuman@gmail.com; Piyush.dahal@gmail.com; Parashu.bhandari@gmail.com; nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; vishnu.pandey@gmail.com FU USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change at Colorado State University [9650-32] FX Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), the government of Nepal and the UNISDR are highly acknowledged for providing the observed meteorological data and natural disaster events, respectively. Field enumerators from The Small Earth Nepal (SEN) and Tribhuvan University are thanked. This work is part of a collaborative research project supported by the USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change at Colorado State University under sub-award 9650-32. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funders or the US government. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-3798 EI 1436-378X J9 REG ENVIRON CHANGE JI Reg. Envir. Chang. PD APR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1132 DI 10.1007/s10113-015-0833-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI2FH UT WOS:000373310600017 ER PT J AU Hicks, CC Levine, A Agrawal, A Basurto, X Breslow, SJ Carothers, C Charnley, S Coulthard, S Dolsak, N Donatuto, J Garcia-Quijano, C Mascia, MB Norman, K Poe, MR Satterfield, T Martin, KS Levin, PS AF Hicks, Christina C. Levine, Arielle Agrawal, Arun Basurto, Xavier Breslow, Sara J. Carothers, Courtney Charnley, Susan Coulthard, Sarah Dolsak, Nives Donatuto, Jamie Garcia-Quijano, Carlos Mascia, Michael B. Norman, Karma Poe, Melissa R. Satterfield, Terre Martin, Kevin St. Levin, Phillip S. TI Engage key social concepts for sustainability SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hicks, Christina C.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hicks, Christina C.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hicks, Christina C.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Levine, Arielle] San Diego State Univ, Geog, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Agrawal, Arun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Basurto, Xavier] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Breslow, Sara J.; Norman, Karma; Poe, Melissa R.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA USA. [Carothers, Courtney] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Charnley, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Coulthard, Sarah] Northumbria Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Dolsak, Nives] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm airs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Donatuto, Jamie] Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, Tacoma, WA USA. [Garcia-Quijano, Carlos] Univ Rhode Isl, Anthropol & Marine Affairs, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Mascia, Michael B.] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA USA. [Poe, Melissa R.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Satterfield, Terre] Univ British Columbia, Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Martin, Kevin St.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Hicks, CC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Hicks, CC (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Hicks, CC (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. EM christina.hicks@lancaster.ac.uk OI Hicks, Christina/0000-0002-7399-4603 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 13 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6281 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8JP UT WOS:000373039600023 PM 27034361 ER PT J AU Schaefer, H Fletcher, SEM Veidt, C Lassey, KR Brailsford, GW Bromley, TM Dlugokencky, EJ Michel, SE Miller, JB Levin, I Lowe, DC Martin, RJ Vaughn, BH White, JWC AF Schaefer, Hinrich Fletcher, Sara E. Mikaloff Veidt, Cordelia Lassey, Keith R. Brailsford, Gordon W. Bromley, Tony M. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Michel, Sylvia E. Miller, John B. Levin, Ingeborg Lowe, Dave C. Martin, Ross J. Vaughn, Bruce H. White, James W. C. TI A 21st-century shift from fossil-fuel to biogenic methane emissions indicated by (CH4)-C-13 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MIXING-RATIO; BUDGET; ATTRIBUTION; HYDROXYL; DECADES; TREND; SINKS; STATE AB Between 1999 and 2006, a plateau interrupted the otherwise continuous increase of atmospheric methane concentration [CH4] since preindustrial times. Causes could be sink variability or a temporary reduction in industrial or climate-sensitive sources. We reconstructed the global history of [CH4] and its stable carbon isotopes from ice cores, archived air, and a global network of monitoring stations. A box-model analysis suggests that diminishing thermogenic emissions, probably from the fossil-fuel industry, and/or variations in the hydroxyl CH4 sink caused the [CH4] plateau. Thermogenic emissions did not resume to cause the renewed [CH4] rise after 2006, which contradicts emission inventories. Post-2006 source increases are predominantly biogenic, outside the Arctic, and arguably more consistent with agriculture than wetlands. If so, mitigating CH4 emissions must be balanced with the need for food production. C1 [Schaefer, Hinrich; Fletcher, Sara E. Mikaloff; Lassey, Keith R.; Brailsford, Gordon W.; Bromley, Tony M.; Lowe, Dave C.; Martin, Ross J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Climate & Atmosphere Ctr, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Veidt, Cordelia; Levin, Ingeborg] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Miller, John B.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michel, Sylvia E.; Vaughn, Bruce H.; White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lassey, Keith R.] Lassey Res & Educ, 4 Witako St, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand. [Lowe, Dave C.] LoweNZ, 31 Queen St, Lower Hutt 5012, New Zealand. RP Schaefer, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Climate & Atmosphere Ctr, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. EM hinrich.schaefer@niwa.co.nz RI White, James/A-7845-2009 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684 FU Marsden Fund Council from New Zealand Government; NIWA under Climate and Atmosphere Research Programme [CAAC1504 (2014/15 SCI)] FX We thank S. Montzka for supplying OH-reconstruction data. M. Harvey and K. Steinkamp provided helpful discussions. Feedback from two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Antarctica NZ supports air sampling at Arrival Heights, Antarctica (ARH). Raw data for individual stations measured by INSTAAR and NIWA are available from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/introduction.html; data from INSTAAR are also available from ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases. Data from Heidelberg University are available from http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/kk/en/Data_ht ml. Data measured by University of Washington and University of California, Irvine, were taken from http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/quay.html and http://cdiac.ornl.gov/epubs/db/db1022/db1022.html, respectively. Yearly delta13 C values for individual stations and global annual averages are presented in tables S3 and S4. This research was supported by the Marsden Fund Council from New Zealand Government funding, administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand. Further support came from NIWA under Climate and Atmosphere Research Programme CAAC1504 (2014/15 SCI). The authors declare no competing interests. H. S. designed the data analysis; G. W. B., T. M. B., R. J. M., J. B. M., D. C. L., B. H. V., C. V., and S. E. M. performed delta13C measurements; C. V., J. B. M., I. L., D. C. L., and J. W. C. W. designed sampling and analytical programmes and performed data quality control; E. J. D. provided [CH4] data; K. R. L. and H. S. designed the box model; S. E. M. F. and H. S. performed uncertainty analyses; and all authors contributed to the interpretation and the writing of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 33 U2 65 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6281 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1126/science.aad2705 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8JP UT WOS:000373039600039 PM 26966190 ER PT J AU Nielsen, AAK Der, BS Shin, J Vaidyanathan, P Paralanov, V Strychalski, EA Ross, D Densmore, D Voigt, CA AF Nielsen, Alec A. K. Der, Bryan S. Shin, Jonghyeon Vaidyanathan, Prashant Paralanov, Vanya Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Ross, David Densmore, Douglas Voigt, Christopher A. TI Genetic circuit design automation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LOGIC GATES; COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN; REGULATORY NETWORKS; LIVING CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; SYSTEM; PARTS AB Computation can be performed in living cells by DNA-encoded circuits that process sensory information and control biological functions. Their construction is time-intensive, requiring manual part assembly and balancing of regulator expression. We describe a design environment, Cello, in which a user writes Verilog code that is automatically transformed into a DNA sequence. Algorithms build a circuit diagram, assign and connect gates, and simulate performance. Reliable circuit design requires the insulation of gates from genetic context, so that they function identically when used in different circuits. We used Cello to design 60 circuits for Escherichia coli (880,000 base pairs of DNA), for which each DNA sequence was built as predicted by the software with no additional tuning. Of these, 45 circuits performed correctly in every output state (up to 10 regulators and 55 parts), and across all circuits 92% of the output states functioned as predicted. Design automation simplifies the incorporation of genetic circuits into biotechnology projects that require decision-making, control, sensing, or spatial organization. C1 [Nielsen, Alec A. K.; Der, Bryan S.; Shin, Jonghyeon; Voigt, Christopher A.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Synthet Biol Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Der, Bryan S.; Vaidyanathan, Prashant; Densmore, Douglas] Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Biol Design Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Paralanov, Vanya; Strychalski, Elizabeth A.; Ross, David] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. RP Voigt, CA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Synthet Biol Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cavoigt@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [N00014-13-1-0074]; Siebel Scholarship; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship [FA9550-11-C-0028]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P50 GMO98792]; NSF Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center [SynBERC EEC0540879]; NSF [1147158]; NIST Strategic and Emerging Research Initiative; National Research Council postdoctoral program; AWS in Education Grant; Thermo Fischer (Life Technologies) [A114510] FX All data described in this paper are presented in the supplementary materials. Cello can be accessed at www.cellocad.org; the code is open source and maintained via the Nona Research Foundation (www.nonasoftware.org). The insulated gates, circuits, and plasmids defined in the UCF can be obtained via Addgene (www.addgene.org). The E. coli strain used in this UCF is available from New England Biolabs (C3019). D.D. is president and part owner of Lattice Automation, which works on software for synthetic biology. Supported by Office of Naval Research, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative grant N00014-13-1-0074 (C.A.V. and A.A.K.N.); a Siebel Scholarship (Class of 2015) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship FA9550-11-C-0028 (A.A.K.N.); National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant P50 GMO98792 and NSF Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center grant SynBERC EEC0540879 (C.A.V. and J.S.); NSF grant 1147158 (D.D. and P.V.); the NIST Strategic and Emerging Research Initiative (V.P., E.A.S., and D.R.); the National Research Council postdoctoral program (V.P.); an AWS in Education Grant; and Thermo Fischer (Life Technologies, A114510). We thank S. Bhatia (Boston University) for his work to enumerate the three-input, one-output logic motifs; R. Ghamari (Boston University) for early work on the Cello software foundation and design approach; N. Roehner for technical assistance with SBOL; and E. Oberortner for technical assistance with Eugene. The National Institute of Standards and Technology notes that certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to specify an experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does the identification of particular equipment or materials imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The University of California, San Francisco, holds a patent application associated with this work (US20130005590 A1). The set of insulated gates, the plasmid backbones for the circuit and output plasmids (Fig. 1), and the standard RPU plasmid are available via Addgene (www.addgene.org/Christopher_Voigt/). Cello can be accessed as a web-based application (www.cellocad.org), the code for which will be open source and provided on Github (https://github.com/CIDARLAB/cello). NR 98 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 48 U2 103 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 352 IS 6281 AR aac7341 DI 10.1126/science.aac7341 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH8JP UT WOS:000373039600032 PM 27034378 ER PT J AU Friedman, LH Vaudin, MD Stranick, SJ Stan, G Gerbig, YB Osborn, W Cook, RF AF Friedman, Lawrence H. Vaudin, Mark D. Stranick, Stephan J. Stan, Gheorghe Gerbig, Yvonne B. Osborn, William Cook, Robert F. TI Assessing strain mapping by electron backscatter diffraction and confocal Raman microscopy using wedge-indented Si SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE EBSD; AFM; Confocal Raman Microscopy; FEA; Indentation; Strain ID MONO-CRYSTALLINE SILICON; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STRESS MEASUREMENTS; NANO-INDENTATION; ELASTIC STRAINS; SIMULATION; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOINDENTATION; MECHANICS AB The accuracy of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) for smallscale strain mapping are assessed using the multi-axial strain field surrounding a wedge indentation in Si as a test vehicle. The strain field is modeled using finite element analysis (FEA) that is adapted to the near-indentation surface profile measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The assessment consists of (1) direct experimental comparisons of strain and deformation and (2) comparisons in which the modeled strain field is used as an intermediate step. Direct experimental methods (1) consist of comparisons of surface elevation and gradient measured by AFM and EBSD and of Raman shifts measured and predicted by CRM and EBSD, respectively. Comparisons that utilize the combined FEA-AFM model (2) consist of predictions of distortion, strain, and rotation for comparison with EBSD measurements and predictions of Raman shift for comparison with CRM measurements. For both EBSD and CRM, convolution of measurements in depth-varying strain fields is considered. The interconnected comparisons suggest that EBSD was able to provide an accurate assessment of the wedge indentation deformation field to within the precision of the measurements, approximately 2 x 10(-4) in strain. CRM was similarly precise, but was limited in accuracy to several times this value. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Friedman, Lawrence H.; Vaudin, Mark D.; Stranick, Stephan J.; Stan, Gheorghe; Gerbig, Yvonne B.; Osborn, William; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov RI Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD APR PY 2016 VL 163 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.02.001 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA DI5GE UT WOS:000373526100009 PM 26939030 ER PT J AU Obuchowski, NA Buckler, A Kinahan, P -Mayer, HC Petrick, N Barboriak, DP Bullen, J Barnhart, H Sullivan, DC AF Obuchowski, Nancy A. Buckler, Andrew Kinahan, Paul -Mayer, Heather Chen Petrick, Nicholas Barboriak, Daniel P. Bullen, Jennifer Barnhart, Huiman Sullivan, Daniel C. TI Statistical Issues in Testing Conformance with the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) Profile Claims SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE QIBA; quantitative imaging biomarker; precision; repeatability; bias; total deviation index; linearity ID TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE AB A major initiative of the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance is to develop standards-based documents called "Profiles," which describe one or more technical performance claims for a given imaging modality. The term "actor" denotes any entity (device, software, or person) whose performance must meet certain specifications for the claim to be met. The objective of this paper is to present the statistical issues in testing actors' conformance with the specifications. In particular, we present the general rationale and interpretation of the claims, the minimum requirements for testing whether an actor achieves the performance requirements, the study designs used for testing conformity, and the statistical analysis plan. We use three examples to illustrate the process: apparent diffusion coefficient in solid tumors measured by MRI, change in Perc 15 as a biomarker for the progression of emphysema, and percent change in solid tumor volume by computed tomography as a biomarker for lung cancer progression. C1 [Obuchowski, Nancy A.; Bullen, Jennifer] Cleveland Clin Fdn, Quantitat Hlth Sci, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Buckler, Andrew] Elucid Bioimaging Inc, Wenham, MA USA. [Kinahan, Paul] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [-Mayer, Heather Chen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petrick, Nicholas] US FDA, CDRH, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Barboriak, Daniel P.; Barnhart, Huiman; Sullivan, Daniel C.] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Obuchowski, NA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Quantitat Hlth Sci, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM obuchon@ccf.org RI Barboriak, Daniel/M-4414-2015; OI Barboriak, Daniel/0000-0002-2536-6266; Buckler, Andrew/0000-0002-0786-4835 FU NIBIB [HHSN268201300071C] FX This work was supported by a grant from NIBIB (no. HHSN268201300071C). QIBA is indebted to the many volunteers who participated in the QIBA metrology workshops for their contributions to the statistical groundwork for the claims. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 EI 1878-4046 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 BP 496 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2015.12.020 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH8HM UT WOS:000373034100014 PM 26898527 ER PT J AU Klose, A Ycas, G Cruz, FC Maser, DL Diddams, SA AF Klose, Andrew Ycas, Gabriel Cruz, Flavio C. Maser, Daniel L. Diddams, Scott A. TI Rapid, broadband spectroscopic temperature measurement of CO2 using VIPA spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-LASER; GAS; DATABASE AB Time-resolved spectroscopic temperature measurements of a sealed carbon dioxide sample cell were realized with an optical frequency comb combined with a two-dimensional dispersive spectrometer. A supercontinuum laser source based on an erbium fiber mode-locked laser was employed to generate coherent light around 2000 nm (5000 cm(-1)). The laser was passed through a 12-cm-long cell containing CO2, and the transmitted light was analyzed in a virtually imaged phased array-based spectrometer. Broadband spectra spanning more than 100 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of roughly 0.075 cm(-1) (2.2 GHz) were acquired with an integration period of 2 ms. The temperature of the CO2 sample was deduced from fitting a modeled spectrum to the line intensities of the experimentally acquired spectrum. Temperature dynamics on the timescale of milliseconds were observed with a temperature resolution of 2.6 K. The spectroscopically deduced temperatures agreed with temperatures of the sample cell measured with a thermistor. Potential applications of this technique include quantitative measurement of carbon dioxide concentration and temperature dynamics in gas-phase chemical reactions(e.g., combustion) and plasma diagnostics. C1 [Klose, Andrew; Ycas, Gabriel; Cruz, Flavio C.; Maser, Daniel L.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cruz, Flavio C.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083859 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Maser, Daniel L.; Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Klose, Andrew] Augustana Univ, Dept Chem, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. RP Klose, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Klose, A (reprint author), Augustana Univ, Dept Chem, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. EM aklose@augie.edu FU NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; CNPq; Fapesp; NIST FX This work was supported in part by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. The authors thank T.A. Johnson, L. Nugent-Glandorf, F. Quinlan, and F. Giorgetta for useful discussions, J. Ye for providing the VIPA etalon, and M. Hirano of Sumitomo for providing the nonlinear fiber. A.K. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, and F.C.C. acknowledges support from CNPq, Fapesp and NIST. This work is a contribution of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD APR PY 2016 VL 122 IS 4 AR UNSP 78 DI 10.1007/s00340-016-6349-4 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DH6IQ UT WOS:000372894600011 ER PT J AU Fang, SX Tans, PP Dong, F Zhou, HG Luan, T AF Fang, Shuang-xi Tans, Pieter P. Dong, Fan Zhou, Huaigang Luan, Tian TI Characteristics of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Observation; Back trajectory; Air mass transport ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EAST-ASIA; WMO/GAW STATIONS; EMISSIONS; METHANE; MONOXIDE; TRENDS; POLLUTANTS; GROWTH; SITE AB Atmospheric CO2 and CH4 have been continuously measured at the Shangdianzi regional background station (SDZ) in China from 2009 to 2013. Based on the influences of local surface wind and long-distance transport, the observed records were flagged into locally influenced, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) influenced, and Russia, Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia autonomous region influenced (RMI). similar to 81.4% of CO2 and similar to 75.6% of CH4 mole fractions were flagged as locally representative, indicating that the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 at SDZ were strongly influenced by local sources and sinks. Cluster analysis of back trajectories proved that the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 were influenced by air masses from northwest (RMI) or from south and southeast (BTH). The CO2 and CH4 mole fractions in BTH are always higher than in RMI, with the largest difference of 11.5 +/- 0.3 ppm for CO2 and 102 +/- 1 ppb for CH4 in July. The annual growth rates of CO2 and CH4 in BTH are 3.8 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1) and 10 +/- 0.1 ppb yr(-1), respectively, which are apparently higher than those of the RMI and the global means. The long-term trends of CO2 and CH4 in BTH are deviating from those in RMI, with ratios of similar to 1.0 ppm yr(-1) for CO2 and similar to 2 ppb yr(-1) for CH4, indicating the strengths of CO2 and CH4 emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain increased more than 20% every year. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fang, Shuang-xi] China Meteorol Adm, MOC, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Dong, Fan; Zhou, Huaigang] CMA, Shangdianzi Reg Background Stn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Luan, Tian] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Fang, SX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, MOC, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM fangsx@cma.gov.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375130, 41405129, 41303052] FX We express our great thanks to the staff at Shangdianzi station, who have contributed to the system installation and maintenance. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41375130, 41405129, 41303052). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2016 VL 131 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.044 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4NT UT WOS:000372763400001 ER PT J AU Kritzer, JP Delucia, MB Greene, E Shumway, C Topolski, MF Thomas-Blate, J Chiarella, LA Davy, KB Smith, K AF Kritzer, Jacob P. Delucia, Mari-Beth Greene, Emily Shumway, Caroly Topolski, Marek F. Thomas-Blate, Jessie Chiarella, Louis A. Davy, Kay B. Smith, Kent TI The Importance of Benthic Habitats for Coastal Fisheries SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coastal ecosystems; fisheries; marine biology; aquatic ecosystems; conservation ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FISH COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; ESTUARINE; JUVENILE; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; CONNECTIVITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Ecosystem-based management requires greater attention to habitat conservation. We evaluate the importance of benthic habitats as space for shelter, feeding, and breeding by coastal fishes and motile invertebrates in four biogeographic regions of the eastern United States. The importance of different habitats changed with latitude. Soft sediments and riverine systems scored higher in northern regions, and marshes and coral reefs scored higher in the south. The importance of soft sediments is notable because environmental assessments often assume their ecological value is lower. Submerged aquatic vegetation was a key nursery habitat coast-wide. An important consideration is that anthropogenic impacts have altered habitat availability and use, and climate change is causing ongoing disturbance. Furthermore, distinct habitats should not be managed in isolation but rather as interconnected mosaics. Our approach, combined with information on status, vulnerability, and other ecological functions, can be used to evaluate trade-offs and develop habitat-management strategies. C1 [Kritzer, Jacob P.] Environm Def Fund, Boston, MA USA. [Delucia, Mari-Beth] Nature Conservancy, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Greene, Emily] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Shumway, Caroly] Merrimack River Watershed Council, Lawrence, MA USA. [Topolski, Marek F.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Serv, Annapolis, MD USA. [Thomas-Blate, Jessie] Amer Rivers, Washington, DC USA. [Chiarella, Louis A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlant Reg Fisheries Off, Gloucester, MA USA. [Davy, Kay B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Dania, FL USA. [Smith, Kent] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Aquat Habitat Conservat & Restorat Sect, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Kritzer, JP (reprint author), Environm Def Fund, Boston, MA USA. EM jkritzer@edf.org FU ASMFC; ACFHP [DC M-60-HM]; USFWS [F14AC00728] FX We thank the many scientists at agencies, institutions, and organizations along the Atlantic coast that completed - sections of the matrix, participated in review meetings, or conducted independent reviews (see the supplementary material for a full list). Funding for the habitat evaluation was provided to ASMFC and ACFHP through the Multistate Conservation Grant Program, grant no. DC M-60-HM, administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Agency (USFWS) and the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Additional funding was provided by USFWS cooperative agreement no. F14AC00728 to ASMFC. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this article, although the content remains the sole responsibility of the authors. The habitat scores and supporting bibliography are archived by ACFHP (www.atlanticfishhabitat.org). The authors claim no conflicts of interest. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2016 VL 66 IS 4 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1093/biosci/biw014 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DI0WK UT WOS:000373217800004 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Moon, RJ Raman, A AF Wagner, Ryan Moon, Robert J. Raman, Arvind TI Mechanical properties of cellulose nanomaterials studied by contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Cellulose nanomaterials; Cellulose nanocrystals; Cellulose nanofibrils; Contact resonance; Nanomechanics ID ELASTIC-MODULI; WHISKERS; NANOCRYSTALS; CALIBRATION; SIZE AB Quantification of the mechanical properties of cellulose nanomaterials is key to the development of new cellulose nanomaterial based products. Using contact resonance atomic force microscopy we measured and mapped the transverse elastic modulus of three types of cellulosic nanoparticles: tunicate cellulose nanocrystals, wood cellulose nanocrystals, and wood cellulose nanofibrils. These modulus values were calculated with different contact mechanics models exploring the effects of cellulose geometry and thickness on the interpretation of the data. While intra-particle variations in modulus are detected, we did not observe a measureable difference in modulus between the three types of cellulose particles. Improved practices and experimental complications for the characterization of cellulosic nanomaterials with atomic force microscopy are discussed. C1 [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Wagner, Ryan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rbwagner187@gmail.com; robertmoon@fs.fed.us; raman@purdue.edu FU Forest Products laboratory (US Forest Service) [12-CR-11111129-076] FX The authors would like to thank the Forest Products laboratory (US Forest Service) Grant No. 12-CR-11111129-076 for funding this research. We are grateful to the Forest Products laboratory for providing the wood CN samples and Professor Christoph Weder (Universite de Fribourg) for providing tunicate CN samples. We are also grateful for Jason Killgore (NIST) for helpful discussions regarding the contact resonance AFM technique. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD APR PY 2016 VL 23 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1041 DI 10.1007/s10570-016-0883-4 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA DH9SO UT WOS:000373136400002 ER PT J AU Gangodagamage, C Foufoula-Georgiou, E Brumby, SP Chartrand, R Koltunov, A Liu, DS Cai, M Ustin, SL AF Gangodagamage, Chandana Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi Brumby, Steven P. Chartrand, Rick Koltunov, Alexander Liu, Desheng Cai, Michael Ustin, Susan L. TI Wavelet-Compressed Representation of Landscapes for Hydrologic and Geomorphologic Applications SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biorthogonal modulation; biorthogonal wavelets; channel networks; data compression; Digital Elevation models (DEMs); high spatial resolution data; hydrology; image resolution; LiDAR; lossy compression; wavelets; wavelet transforms ID ORGANIZATION AB The availability of high-resolution digital elevation data (submeter resolution) from LiDAR has increased dramatically over the past few years. As a result, the efficient storage and transmission of those large data sets and their use for geomorphic feature extraction and hydrologic/environmental modeling are becoming a scientific challenge. This letter explores the use of multiresolution wavelet analysis for compression of LiDAR digital elevation data sets. The compression takes advantage of the fact that, in most landscapes, neighboring pixels are correlated and thus contain some redundant information. The space-frequency localization of the wavelet filters allows one to preserve detailed high-resolution features where needed while representing the rest of the landscape at lower resolution. We explore a lossy compression methodology based on biorthogonal wavelets and demonstrate that, by keeping only approximately 10% of the original information (data compression ratio similar to 94%), the reconstructed landscapes retain most of the information of relevance to geomorphologic applications, such as the ability to accurately extract channel networks for environmental flux routing, as well as to identify geomorphic process transition from the curvature-slope and slope-distance relationships. C1 [Gangodagamage, Chandana; Koltunov, Alexander; Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gangodagamage, Chandana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci & Space Sci & Remote Sensing, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Gangodagamage, Chandana] NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406 USA. [Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi] Univ Minnesota, Natl Ctr Earth Surface Dynam, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. [Brumby, Steven P.; Chartrand, Rick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brumby, Steven P.; Chartrand, Rick] Descartes Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Liu, Desheng] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cai, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gangodagamage, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; Gangodagamage, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci & Space Sci & Remote Sensing, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.; Gangodagamage, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406 USA. EM chhandana@gmail.com RI Liu, Desheng/A-9356-2011; OI Gangodagamage, Chandana/0000-0001-6511-1711 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2513011 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DH7YJ UT WOS:000373009800002 ER PT J AU Yang, H Weng, FZ AF Yang, Hu Weng, Fuzhong TI Corrections for On-Orbit ATMS Lunar Contamination SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS); calibration; contamination; lunar intrusion (LI) ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AB The cold calibration count from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) space view increases when the lunar radiation intrudes its antenna field of view (FOV). This increase is referred to as lunar contamination since the cold count is notmatched with the specified brightness temperature of 2.73 K. For ATMS, it is found that the elapse time of lunar intrusion (LI) and the magnitude of the cold count increase are channel dependent. If the lunar-affected calibration counts are rejected in the processing, a data gap can be shown in brightness temperature at all channels. At ATMS channels 1 and 2, which have a large FOV, the LI can result in an increase of 40 counts in cold calibration. At higher frequency channels which have a smaller FOV size, the LI intensity is much stronger and can be as large as a few hundred counts. The LI becomes significant when its radiation appears in the ATMS antenna main beam. In the current ATMS operational calibration algorithm, the cold count anomaly is detected when the intensity of LI exceeds a certain threshold. The lunar radiation can be also corrected in the ATMS calibration. In doing so, a lunar radiation term is derived as a function of antenna gain, the solid angle of the Moon, and the brightness temperature of the Moon disk. This algorithm is applied in an ATMS calibration system developed at NOAA and shows a successful removal of all the lunar contamination on the earth-scene brightness temperature. C1 [Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM huyang@umd.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Joint Polar Satellite System Program FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Joint Polar Satellite System Program. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1918 EP 1924 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2490198 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DH7WF UT WOS:000373004000004 ER PT J AU Fu, SD Cui, WL Hu, M Chang, RN Donahue, MJ Lomakin, V AF Fu, Sidi Cui, Weilong Hu, Matthew Chang, Ruinan Donahue, Michael J. Lomakin, Vitaliy TI Finite-Difference Micromagnetic Solvers With the Object-Oriented Micromagnetic Framework on Graphics Processing Units SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Graphics processing unit (GPU); magnetostatics; micromagnetics; object-oriented micromagnetic framework (OOMMF) ID FIELD CALCULATION; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM AB A micromagnetic solver using the finite-difference method on a graphics processing unit (GPU) and its integration with the object-oriented micromagnetic framework (OOMMF) are presented. Two approaches for computing the magnetostatic field accelerated by the fast Fourier transform are implemented. The first approach, referred to as the tensor approach, is based on the tensor spatial convolution to directly compute the magnetostatic field from magnetic moments. The second approach, referred to as the scalar potential approach, uses differential operator evaluation through finite differences (divergence for magnetic charge and gradient for magnetostatic field) and spatial convolution for magnetic scalar potential. Comparisons of implementation details, speed, memory consumption, and accuracy are provided. The GPU implementation of OOMMF shows up to 32x GPU-CPU speedup. C1 [Fu, Sidi; Lomakin, Vitaliy] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fu, Sidi; Lomakin, Vitaliy] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cui, Weilong] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hu, Matthew] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chang, Ruinan] Oracle Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Donahue, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.; Fu, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM s6fu@ucsd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The mention of specific products, trademarks, or brand names is for the purposes of identification only. Such a mention is not to be interpreted in any way as an endorsement or certification of such products or brands by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. All trademarks mentioned herein belong to their respective owners. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 4 AR 7100109 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2503262 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DH5PK UT WOS:000372843500018 ER PT J AU Ortega, KL Krause, JM Ryzhkov, AV AF Ortega, Kiel L. Krause, John M. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Melting Hail. Part III: Validation of the Algorithm for Hail Size Discrimination SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Convective storms; Remote sensing; Hail; Radars/Radar observations ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; POLARIZATION EXPERIMENT; DOPPLER RADAR; INDICATOR; WSR-88D; MODEL; REFLECTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; SIGNATURES; GRAUPEL AB This study is the third part of a paper series investigating the polarimetric radar properties of melting hail and application of those properties for operational polarimetric hail detection and determination of its size. The results of theoretical simulations in Part I were used to develop a hail size discrimination algorithm (HSDA) described in Part II. The HSDA uses radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), and cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv) along with melting-level height within a fuzzy-logic scheme to distinguish among three hail size classes: small hail (with diameter D < 2.5 cm), large hail (2.5 < D < 5.0 cm), and giant hail (D > 5.0 cm). The HSDA validation is performed using radar data collected by numerous WSR-88D sites and more than 3000 surface hail reports obtained from the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE). The original HSDA version was modified in the process of validation, and the modified algorithm demonstrates probability of detection of 0.594, false-alarm ratio of 0.136, and resulting critical success index (CSI) equal to 0.543. The HSDA outperformed the current operational single-polarization hail detection algorithm, which only provides a single hail size estimate per storm and is characterized by CSI equal to 0.324. It is shown that HSDA is particularly sensitive to the quality of Z(DR) measurements, which might be affected by possible radar miscalibration and anomalously high differential attenuation. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Ortega, KL (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kiel.ortega@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Terry Schuur, Jeff Snyder, and three anonymous reviewers for their feedback, which helped clarify the text and figures. Thanks also are given to the many students who worked for SHAVE and collected this valuable dataset (http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/shave/team.php). Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 4 BP 829 EP 848 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0203.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH5OM UT WOS:000372839700001 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Eischeid, J Perlwitz, J Quan, XW Wolter, K Cheng, LY AF Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon Perlwitz, Judith Quan, Xiao-Wei Wolter, Klaus Cheng, Linyin TI Characterizing Recent Trends in U.S. Heavy Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Trends; Climate variability; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Geographic location/entity; Variability; North America; Climate change ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DAILY VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; TRANSIENTS; FREQUENCY; EXTREMES; DATASET; EVENTS AB Time series of U.S. daily heavy precipitation (95th percentile) are analyzed to determine factors responsible for regionality and seasonality in their 1979-2013 trends. For annual conditions, contiguous U.S. trends have been characterized by increases in precipitation associated with heavy daily events across the northern United States and decreases across the southern United States. Diagnosis of climate simulations (CCSM4 and CAM4) reveals that the evolution of observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) was a more important factor influencing these trends than boundary condition changes linked to external radiative forcing alone. Since 1979, the latter induces widespread, but mostly weak, increases in precipitation associated with heavy daily events. The former induces a meridional pattern of northern U.S. increases and southern U.S. decreases as observed, the magnitude of which closely aligns with observed changes, especially over the south and far west. Analysis of model ensemble spread reveals that appreciable 35-yr trends in heavy daily precipitation can occur in the absence of forcing, thereby limiting detection of the weak anthropogenic influence at regional scales. Analysis of the seasonality in heavy daily precipitation trends supports physical arguments that their changes during 1979-2013 have been intimately linked to internal decadal ocean variability and less so to human-induced climate change. Most of the southern U.S. decrease has occurred during the cold season that has been dynamically driven by an atmospheric circulation reminiscent of teleconnections linked to cold tropical eastern Pacific SSTs. Most of the northeastern U.S. increase has been a warm season phenomenon, the immediate cause for which remains unresolved. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Wolter, Klaus; Cheng, Linyin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Eischeid, Jon; Perlwitz, Judith; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Wolter, Klaus; Cheng, Linyin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, R E PSD 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP program; NASA MAP program FX The authors thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments on the manuscript. We also acknowledge the support provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office MAPP program and by the NASA MAP program. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2313 EP 2332 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0441.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH5GG UT WOS:000372813600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Hoerling, MP Perlwitz, J Xu, TY AF Zhang, Tao Hoerling, Martin P. Perlwitz, Judith Xu, Taiyi TI Forced Atmospheric Teleconnections during 1979-2014 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Variability; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Atmospheric circulation; Circulation/ Dynamics; ENSO ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; ENSO ASYMMETRY; LA-NINA; ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY AB Forced atmospheric teleconnections during 1979-2014 are examined using a 50-member ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations subjected to observed variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea ice, and carbon dioxide. Three primary modes of forced variability are identified using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the ensemble mean wintertime extratropical Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa heights. The principal component time series of the first and second modes are highly correlated with Nino-3.4 and trans-Nino (TNI) SST indices, respectively, indicating mostly tropical sources. Their impacts are largely confined to the Pacific-North American (PNA) sector. The leading mode describes the canonical atmospheric teleconnection associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) resembling the tropical/Northern Hemisphere pattern. The second mode describes a wave train resembling the classic PNA pattern resulting from atmospheric sensitivity to ENSO asymmetry and from sensitivity to a tropical precursor SST for ENSO development. The third mode is characterized by a hemisphere-scale increasing trend in heights. Based on a comparison with 50-member coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulations, it is argued that this mode is strongly related to radiatively forced climate change, while the other two forced teleconnections are principally related to internal coupled variability. A trend in the leading forced mode is related to ENSO-like decadal variability and dominates the overall observed 500-hPa height trend since 1979. These model results indicate that the trend in the first mode is due to internal variability rather than external radiative forcing. C1 [Zhang, Tao; Perlwitz, Judith; Xu, Taiyi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tao; Hoerling, Martin P.; Perlwitz, Judith; Xu, Taiyi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tao.zhang@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by grants from NOAA's Climate Program Office. We acknowledge NCAR's CESM1(CAM5) Large Ensemble Community Project for carrying out the large CESM1 ensemble. We wish to thank Xiaowei Quan for carrying out the large CCSM4 ensemble and Jon Eischeid for his technical support. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the paper. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2333 EP 2357 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0226.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH5GG UT WOS:000372813600002 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, L Vecchi, GA Msadek, R Murakami, H Wittenberg, A Zeng, FR AF Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Vecchi, Gabriel A. Msadek, Rym Murakami, Hiroyuki Wittenberg, Andrew Zeng, Fanrong TI Impact of Strong ENSO on Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity in a High-Resolution Climate Model in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate models; ENSO; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Models and modeling; Tropical cyclones; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STORM FORMATION; LA-NINA; EVENTS; FREQUENCY; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION AB Tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans is known to be affected by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study uses the GFDL Forecast Oriented Low Ocean Resolution Model (FLOR), which has relatively high resolution in the atmosphere, as a tool to investigate the sensitivity of TC activity to the strength of ENSO events. This study shows that TCs exhibit a nonlinear response to the strength of ENSO in the tropical eastern North Pacific (ENP) but a quasi-linear response in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) and tropical North Atlantic. Specifically, a stronger El Nino results in disproportionate inhibition of TCs in the ENP and North Atlantic, and leads to an eastward shift in the location of TCs in the southeast of the WNP. However, the character of the response of TCs in the Pacific is insensitive to the amplitude of La Nina events. The eastward shift of TCs in the southeast of the WNP in response to a strong El Nino is due to an eastward shift of the convection and of the associated environmental conditions favorable for TCs. The inhibition of TC activity in the ENP and Atlantic during El Nino is attributed to the increase in the number of days with strong vertical wind shear during stronger El Nino events. These results are further substantiated with coupled model experiments. Understanding of the impact of strong ENSO on TC activity is important for present and future climate as the frequency of occurrence of extreme ENSO events is projected to increase in the future. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Msadek, Rym; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Wittenberg, Andrew; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Msadek, Rym] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, L (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Lakshmi.Krishnamurthy@noaa.gov RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU MAPP Intra Americas Seas proposal - NOAA/Climate Program Office FX We thank Tom Delworth for his contribution to the FLOR flux adjusted run and helpful comments, Wei Zhang and Baoqiang Xiang for their suggestions, Seth Underwood for technical help with the model runs, and Catherine Raphael for help with schematic diagram. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. This work is supported by MAPP Intra Americas Seas proposal funded by the NOAA/Climate Program Office. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2375 EP 2394 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0468.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH5GJ UT WOS:000372813900001 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Lettenmaier, DP AF Mo, Kingtse C. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Precipitation Deficit Flash Droughts over the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Agriculture; Extreme events; Applications ID CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY PATHWAY; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; EVAPORATIVE STRESS INDEX; WARM-SEASON DROUGHT; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; REANALYSIS PROJECT; SOIL-MOISTURE; INHIBITION; MODULATION AB Flash drought refers to relatively short periods of warm surface temperature and anomalously low and rapid decreasing soil moisture (SM). Based on the physical mechanisms associated with flash droughts, these events are classified into two categories: heat wave and precipitation P deficit flash droughts. In previous work, the authors have defined heat wave flash droughts as resulting from the confluence of severe warm air temperature T-air, which increases evapotranspiration (ET), and anomalously low and decreasing SM. Here, a second type of flash drought caused by precipitation deficits is explored. The authors term these events P-deficit flash droughts, which they associate with lack of P. Precipitation deficits cause ET to decrease and temperature to increase. The P-deficit flash droughts are analyzed based on observations of P, T-air, and SM and ET reconstructed using land surface models for the period 1916-2013. The authors find that P-deficit flash droughts are more common than heat wave flash droughts. They are about twice as likely to occur as heat wave flash droughts over the conterminous United States. They are most prevalent over the southern United States with maxima over the southern Great Plains and the Southwest, in contrast to heat wave flash droughts that are mostly likely to occur over the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest, where the vegetation cover is dense. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NOAA [GC14-168A, NA14OAR4310293] FX This project was supported by NOAA Grant GC14-168A to the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center and by NOAA Grant NA14OAR4310293 to the University of California, Los Angeles. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1169 EP 1184 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0158.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI2GM UT WOS:000373313700001 ER PT J AU Kang, DJ Curchitser, EN Rosati, A AF Kang, Dujuan Curchitser, Enrique N. Rosati, Anthony TI Seasonal Variability of the Gulf Stream Kinetic Energy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Models and modeling; Currents; Geographic location/entity; Numerical analysis/modeling; Variability; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; North Atlantic Ocean; Seasonal variability; Eddies; Circulation/ Dynamics ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN CIRCULATION; EDDY ENERGY; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; EDDIES; MODULATION; ALTIMETRY; GEOSAT; MODEL AB The seasonal variability of the mean kinetic energy (MKE) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of the Gulf Stream (GS) is examined using high-resolution regional ocean model simulations. A set of three numerical experiments with different surface wind and buoyancy forcing is analyzed to investigate the mechanisms governing the seasonal cycle of upper ocean energetics. In the GS along-coast region, MKE has a significant seasonal cycle that peaks in summer, while EKE has two comparable peaks in May and September near the surface; the May peak decays rapidly with depth. In the off-coast region, MKE has a weak seasonal cycle that peaks in summer, while EKE has a dominant peak in May and a secondary peak in September near the surface. The May peak also decays with depth leaving the September peak as the only seasonal signal below 100 m. An analysis of the three numerical experiments suggests that the seasonal variability in the local wind forcing significantly impacts the September peak of the along-coast EKE through a local-flow barotropic instability process. Alternatively, the seasonal buoyancy forcing primarily impacts the flow baroclinic instability and is consequently related to the May peak of the upper ocean EKE in both regions. The analysis results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the along-coast MKE is influenced by both local energy generation by wind and the advection of energy from upstream regions. Finally, the MKE cycle and the September peak of EKE in the off-coast region are mainly affected by advection of energy from remote regions, giving rise to correlations with the seasonal cycle of remote winds. C1 [Kang, Dujuan; Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kang, DJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dujuan@esm.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1049088, OCE-1419584, OCE-0961545]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA-NA-13OAR4830233, NOAA-NA-15OAR4310133] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through Awards OCE-1049088, OCE-1419584, and OCE-0961545; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Awards NOAA-NA-13OAR4830233 and NOAA-NA-15OAR4310133. Some of the computations were carried out at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2016 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1207 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0235.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH5FZ UT WOS:000372812800001 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Slocum, CJ Musgrave, KD Sampson, CR Strahl, BR AF Knaff, John A. Slocum, Christopher J. Musgrave, Kate D. Sampson, Charles R. Strahl, Brian R. TI Using Routinely Available Information to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Wind Structure SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Hurricanes/typhoons; Observational techniques and algorithms; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Hurricanes; Algorithms; Models and modeling; Diagnostics; Circulation/ Dynamics ID SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INERTIAL STABILITY; INTENSITY; SYSTEM; SHEAR; FLOW; RECONNAISSANCE; IMPROVEMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY AB A relatively simple method to estimate tropical cyclone (TC) wind radii from routinely available information including storm data (location, motion, and intensity) and TC size is introduced. The method is based on a combination of techniques presented in previous works and makes an assumption that TCs are largely symmetric and that asymmetries are based solely on storm motion and location. The method was applied to TC size estimates from two sources: infrared satellite imagery and global model analyses. The validation shows that the methodology is comparable with other objective methods based on the error statistics. The technique has a variety of practical research and operational applications, some of which are also discussed. C1 [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Slocum, Christopher J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Musgrave, Kate D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Strahl, Brian R.] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, RAMMB, CIRA CSU, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NOAA programs, GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program under NOAA Grant [NA17RJ1228]; NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N] FX This research was supported by NOAA programs including the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program, and the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program under NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228, and by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. In addition, this work made use of techniques developed for the Joint Hurricane Testbed and the display capabilities of ATCF. The methods developed here were also inspired by recent recommendations made at the WMO's Eighth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones geared toward two goals including: 1) the specification of the entire TC vortex in advisories and forecasts, and 2) the development of homogeneous long-term records of tropical cyclones. We also recognize our work is only possible because of best-tracked wind radii and would like to encourage this practice and the standardization of wind radii types and formats worldwide. Finally, we thank Megan Troutman for her assistance on earlier versions of the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1233 EP 1247 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0267.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI2FV UT WOS:000373312000001 ER PT J AU Klotzbach, PJ Oliver, ECJ Leeper, RD Schreck, CJ AF Klotzbach, Philip J. Oliver, Eric C. J. Leeper, Ronald D. Schreck, Carl J., III TI The Relationship between the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Southeastern New England Snowfall SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Snowfall; Snow; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Madden-Julian oscillation; Extratropical cyclones ID VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL AB The winter of 2014/15 brought record snow totals to portions of southeastern New England. Additionally, over 90% of Boston Logan Airport snowfall during the winter fell during phases 7 and 8 of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) index. This motivated the authors to investigate potential connections between intense southeastern New England snowstorms and the MJO in the historical record. It was found that southeastern New England snowfall, measured since the 1930s at several stations in the region, recorded higher than average winter snowfalls when enhanced MJO convection was located over the western Pacific and the Western Hemisphere (phases 7-8). Similarly, snowfall was suppressed when enhanced MJO convection was located over the Maritime Continent (phases 4-5). The MJO also modulates the frequency of nor'easters, which contribute the majority of New England's snowfall, as measured by reanalysis-derived cyclone tracks. These tracks were more numerous during the same MJO phases that lead to enhanced snowfall, and they were less common during phases with less snowfall. C1 [Klotzbach, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, West LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oliver, Eric C. J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Australian Res Council Ctr Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Leeper, Ronald D.; Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RP Klotzbach, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, West LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM philk@atmos.colostate.edu RI Oliver, Eric/G-5118-2014; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Oliver, Eric/0000-0002-4006-2826; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA09OAR4310104]; G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX We would like to acknowledge the efforts of Scott Applequist, David Easterling, and Ken Kunkel in the development of the extratropical cyclone (ETC) dataset used in this study, which was funded by the NOAA's Climate Program Office by Grant NA09OAR4310104. Klotzbach would like to thank the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation for financial support that helped fund this research. Schreck and Leeper were supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina, under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. This paper makes a contribution to the objectives of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (ARCCCS). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0434.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI2FY UT WOS:000373312300002 ER PT J AU Bluestein, HB French, MM Snyder, JC Houser, JB AF Bluestein, Howard B. French, Michael M. Snyder, Jeffrey C. Houser, Jana B. TI Doppler Radar Observations of Anticyclonic Tornadoes in Cyclonically Rotating, Right-Moving Supercells SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Storm environments; Severe storms; Mesocyclones; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Supercells; Tornadoes ID SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS; RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; X-BAND; DUAL-DOPPLER; SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EL RENO; PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR AB Supercells dominated by mesocyclones, which tend to propagate to the right of the tropospheric pressure-weighted mean wind, on rare occasions produce anticyclonic tornadoes at the trailing end of the rear-flank gust front. More frequently, mesoanticyclones are found at this location, most of which do not spawn any tornadoes. In this paper, four cases are discussed in which the formation of anticyclonic tornadoes was documented in the plains by mobile or fixed-site Doppler radars. These brief case studies include the analysis of Doppler radar data for tornadoes at the following dates and locations: 1) 24 April 2006, near El Reno, Oklahoma; 2) 23 May 2008, near Ellis, Kansas; 3) 18 March 2012, near Willow, Oklahoma; and 4) 31 May 2013, near El Reno, Oklahoma. Three of these tornadoes were also documented photographically. In all of these cases, a strong mesocyclone (i.e., vortex signature characterized by azimuthal shear in excess of ~5 x 10(-3) s(-1) or a 20 m s(-1) change in Doppler velocity over 5 km) or tornado was observed ~10 km away from the anticyclonic tornado. In three of these cases, the evolution of the tornadic vortex signature in time and height is described. Other features common to all cases are noted and possible mechanisms for anticyclonic tornadogenesis are identified. In addition, a set of estimated environmental parameters for these and other similar cases are discussed. C1 [Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [French, Michael M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Snyder, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Houser, Jana B.] Ohio Univ, Dept Geog, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Bluestein, HB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM hblue@ou.edu FU NSF [AGS-0934307, AGS-1262048]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; MRI FX This study was supported by NSF Grants AGS-0934307 and AGS-1262048; additional funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Robert Bluth and Paul Buczynski from the Naval Postgraduate School and Chad Baldi from ProSensing, Inc. provided the MWR-05XP and support for its operation and data processing. John Meier at the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma (OU) maintained RaXPol for use during our field experiment and OU provided matching funds for the MRI grant that funded the construction of the radar. Helicopter videos of the anticyclonic tornado on 24 April 2006 were taken by Mason Dunn and made available by Gary England at KWTV Channel 9 in Oklahoma City. NCEP reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/, and hodographs presented herein were created using code modified from a script available from http://gradsaddict.blogspot.com/. The authors thank Corey Potvin for an early review of the manuscript and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1591 EP 1616 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0304.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI2GJ UT WOS:000373313400001 ER PT J AU Mahoney, K Jackson, DL Neiman, P Hughes, M Darby, L Wick, G White, A Sukovich, E Cifelli, R AF Mahoney, Kelly Jackson, Darren L. Neiman, Paul Hughes, Mimi Darby, Lisa Wick, Gary White, Allen Sukovich, Ellen Cifelli, Rob TI Understanding the Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Heavy Precipitation in the Southeast United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Forecasting; Rainfall; Operational forecasting; Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena; Flood events; Extratropical cyclones ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; TROPICAL MOISTURE EXPORTS; PREDECESSOR RAIN EVENTS; WATER-VAPOR SIGNATURE; WARM CONVEYOR BELTS; SYNOPTIC-SCALE; INLAND PENETRATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WEST-COAST; CYCLONES AB An analysis of atmospheric rivers (ARs) as defined by an automated AR detection tool based on integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and the connection to heavy precipitation in the southeast United States (SEUS) is performed. Climatological water vapor and water vapor transport fields are compared between the U.S. West Coast (WCUS) and the SEUS, highlighting stronger seasonal variation in integrated water vapor in the SEUS and stronger seasonal variation in IVT in the WCUS. The climatological analysis suggests that IVT values above ~500 kg m(-1) s(-1) (as incorporated into an objective identification tool such as the AR detection tool used here) may serve as a sensible threshold for defining ARs in the SEUS. Atmospheric river impacts on heavy precipitation in the SEUS are shown to vary on an annual cycle, and a connection between ARs and heavy precipitation during the nonsummer months is demonstrated. When identified ARs are matched to heavy precipitation days (>100 mm day(-1)), an average match rate of ~41% is found. Results suggest that some aspects of an AR identification framework in the SEUS may offer benefit in forecasting heavy precipitation, particularly at medium- to longer-range forecast lead times. However, the relatively high frequency of SEUS heavy precipitation cases in which an AR is not identified necessitates additional careful consideration and incorporation of other critical aspects of heavy precipitation environments such that significant predictive skill might eventually result. C1 [Mahoney, Kelly; Neiman, Paul; Darby, Lisa; Wick, Gary; White, Allen; Cifelli, Rob] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.; Hughes, Mimi; Sukovich, Ellen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.; Hughes, Mimi; Sukovich, Ellen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mahoney, K (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kelly.mahoney@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funding Award [NA14OAR4830066]; U.S. Weather Research Program-Hydrometeorology Testbed; NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division (PSD) FX We gratefully acknowledge support from Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Funding Award NA14OAR4830066, the U.S. Weather Research Program-Hydrometeorology Testbed, and NOAA/ESRL/Physical Sciences Division (PSD). We also value the helpful input from three anonymous reviewers, as well as the collaboration of Benjamin Moore (SUNY-Albany), Tom Hamill (NOAA/ESRL/PSD), Michael Brennan (NOAA/National Hurricane Center), and Sarah Perfator, Ben Albrecht, and David Novak (NOAA/NCEP/Weather Prediction Center). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2016 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1617 EP 1632 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0279.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI2GJ UT WOS:000373313400002 ER PT J AU Gleckler, PJ Durack, PJ Stouffer, RJ Johnson, GC Forest, CE AF Gleckler, Peter J. Durack, Paul J. Stouffer, Ronald J. Johnson, Gregory C. Forest, Chris E. TI Industrial-era global ocean heat uptake doubles in recent decades SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TEMPERATURE; ABYSSAL AB Formal detection and attribution studies have used observations and climate models to identify an anthropogenic warming signature in the upper (0-700 m) ocean(1-4). Recently, as a result of the so-called surface warming hiatus, there has been considerable interest in global ocean heat content (OHC) changes in the deeper ocean, including natural and anthropogenically forced changes identified in observational(5-7), modelling(8,9) and data re-analysis(10,11) studies. Here, we examine OHC changes in the context of the Earth's global energy budget since early in the industrial era (circa 1865-2015) for a range of depths. We rely on OHC change estimates from a diverse collection of measurement systems including data from the nineteenth-century Challenger expedition(12), a multi-decadal record of ship-based in situ mostly upper-ocean measurements, the more recent near-global Argo floats profiling to intermediate (2,000 m) depths(13), and full-depth repeated transoceanic sections(5). We show that the multi-model mean constructed from the current generation of historically forced climate models is consistent with the OHC changes from this diverse collection of observational systems. Our model-based analysis suggests that nearly half of the industrial-era increases in global OHC have occurred in recent decades, with over a third of the accumulated heat occurring below 700m and steadily rising. C1 [Gleckler, Peter J.; Durack, Paul J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Forest, Chris E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Forest, Chris E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [Forest, Chris E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. RP Gleckler, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gleckler1@llnl.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Forest, Chris/M-1993-2014; Durack, Paul/A-8758-2010 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Forest, Chris/0000-0002-2643-0186; Durack, Paul/0000-0003-2835-1438 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0004956, DEFG02-94ER61937]; National Science Foundation through the Network for Sustainable Climate Risk Management (SCRiM) under NSF [GEO-1240507]; NOAA; NOAA Ocean Climate Observations Program; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The work of P.J.G. and P.J.D., from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a contribution to the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. C.E.F. was partially supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, grants DE-SC0004956 (as a member of the International Detection and Attribution Working Group (IDAG)) and DEFG02-94ER61937 and by the National Science Foundation through the Network for Sustainable Climate Risk Management (SCRiM) under NSF cooperative agreement GEO-1240507. G.C.J. is supported by NOAA Research and the NOAA Ocean Climate Observations Program. We thank K. Taylor, B. Santer and J. Gregory for their helpful suggestions concerning our analysis. We acknowledge the sources of observed data used in this study: C. M. Domingues, M. Ishii and M. Kimoto, S. Levitus and T. Boyer, S. Purkey and G. Johnson, D. Roemmich and J. Gilson, S. Hosoda, T. Ohira and T. Nakamura and the International Pacific Research Center. We thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 1) for producing and making available their model output. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 BP 394 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2915 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8QI UT WOS:000373060000017 ER PT J AU Smith, NG Malyshev, SL Shevliakova, E Kattge, J Dukes, JS AF Smith, Nicholas G. Malyshev, Sergey L. Shevliakova, Elena Kattge, Jens Dukes, Jeffrey S. TI Foliar temperature acclimation reduces simulated carbon sensitivity to climate SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; VEGETATION MODELS; PLANT RESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION; FLUXES; CO2 AB Plant photosynthesis and respiration are the largest carbon fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere(1), and their parameterizations represent large sources of uncertainty in projections of land carbon uptake in Earth system models(2,3) (ESMs). The incorporation of temperature acclimation of photosynthesis and foliar respiration, commonly observed processes, into ESMs has been proposed as a way to reduce this uncertainty(2). Here we show that, across 15 flux tower sites spanning multiple biomes at various locations worldwide (10 degrees S-67 degrees N), acclimation parameterizations(4,5) improve a model's ability to reproduce observed net ecosystem exchange of CO2. This improvement is most notable in tropical biomes, where photosynthetic acclimation increased model performance by 36%. The consequences of acclimation for simulated terrestrial carbon uptake depend on the process, region and time period evaluated. Globally, including acclimation has a net effect of increasing carbon assimilation and storage, an effect that diminishes with time, but persists well into the future. Our results suggest that land models omitting foliar temperature acclimation are likely to overestimate the temperature sensitivity of terrestrial carbon exchange, thus biasing projections of future carbon storage and estimates of policy indicators such as the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions(1). C1 [Smith, Nicholas G.; Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Malyshev, Sergey L.; Shevliakova, Elena] Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kattge, Jens] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kattge, Jens] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res Halle Jena Leip, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, NG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ngsmith@purdue.edu RI Dukes, Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; Kattge, Jens/J-8283-2016; Smith, Nicholas/B-7126-2015 OI Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; Kattge, Jens/0000-0002-1022-8469; Smith, Nicholas/0000-0001-7048-4387 FU INTERFACE RCN (NSF) [DEB-0955771]; Purdue Climate Change Research Center; NASA Earth and Space Science fellowship [NNX13AN65H]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric (US Department of Commerce) [NAOSOAR4320752]; US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; LBA; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval; US Department of Energy FX This project was supported by student exchange funding for N.G.S. provided by the INTERFACE RCN (NSF DEB-0955771), a Purdue Climate Change Research Center graduate fellowship to N.G.S., and a NASA Earth and Space Science fellowship to N.G.S. (NNX13AN65H). S.L.M. acknowledges support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (US Department of Commerce) Grant NAOSOAR4320752. This work used eddy-covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)), CarboEuropeIP, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), and LBA. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy-covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval, Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley and the University of Virginia. This is publication 1605 of the Purdue Climate Change Research Center. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 BP 407 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2878 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH8QI UT WOS:000373060000020 ER PT J AU Pan, LD Laurita, NJ Ross, KA Gaulin, BD Armitage, NP AF Pan, LiDong Laurita, N. J. Ross, Kate A. Gaulin, Bruce D. Armitage, N. P. TI A measure of monopole inertia in the quantum spin ice Yb2Ti2O7 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; MODEL AB An important and continuing theme of modern solid state physics is the realization of exotic excitations in materials, known as quasiparticles, that have no analogy in the actual physical vacuum of free space. Although they are not fundamental, such quasiparticles do constitute the most basic description of the excited states of the 'vacuum' in which they reside. In this regard the magnetic textures of the excited states of spin ices, magnetic pyrochlore oxides with dominant Ising interactions, have been proposed to behave as effective magnetic charge monopoles. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have established the pyrochlore material Yb2Ti2O7 (YbTO) as a quantum spin ice, where, in addition to the Ising interactions, there are substantial transverse terms that may induce quantum dynamics and-in principle-coherent monopole motion. Here we report a combined time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (TDTS) and microwave cavity study of YbTO to probe its complex dynamic magnetic susceptibility. We find that the form of the susceptibility is consistent with that of a monopole gas, and a magnetic monopole conductivity can be defined and measured. Using the phase sensitive capabilities of these techniques, we observe a sign change in the reactive part of the magnetic response. In generic models of magnetic excitations this is possible only by introducing inertial effects, such as a mass-dependent term, to the equations of motion. Analogous to conventional electric charge systems, measurement of the conductivity's spectral weight allows us to derive a value for the magnetic monopole mass. Our results support the idea of magnetic monopoles of quantum spin ice as the true coherently propagating quasiparticles of this system. C1 [Pan, LiDong; Laurita, N. J.; Ross, Kate A.; Armitage, N. P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, Kate A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St W, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Armitage, NP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM npa@pha.jhu.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF2628]; DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; ARCS Foundation; NSERC FX This work at JHU was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF2628 to N.P.A. The microwave cavity work was supported by the DOE through DE-FG02-08ER46544. N.J.L. had additional support through the ARCS Foundation. The crystal growth work at Mcmaster was supported by NSERC. We would like to thank L. Balents, C. Broholm, N. Drichko, M. Gingras, Z. Hao, S. M. Koohpayeh, J. Lynn, G. Luke, M. Mourigal, M. Robbins, L. Savary, R Singh, O. Tchernyshyov, M. Valentine and Y. Wan for helpful conversations and E. Kermarrec for help with the crystal preparation. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 16 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 361 EP U97 DI 10.1038/NPHYS3608 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI1AB UT WOS:000373227300023 ER PT J AU Lamouroux, J Charria, G De Mey, P Raynaud, S Heyraud, C Craneguy, P Dumas, F Le Henaff, M AF Lamouroux, Julien Charria, Guillaume De Mey, Pierre Raynaud, Stephane Heyraud, Catherine Craneguy, Philippe Dumas, Franck Le Henaff, Matthieu TI Objective assessment of the contribution of the RECOPESCA network to the monitoring of 3D coastal ocean variables in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Design of in situ observation network; Bay of Biscay; English Channel; Performance assessment; Model errors ID DIURNAL INTERNAL TIDES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INVERSE METHODS; MODEL ERRORS; DYNAMICS; UNCERTAINTIES; ASSIMILATION; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; SYSTEM AB In the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, in situ observations represent a key element to monitor and to understand the wide range of processes in the coastal ocean and their direct impacts on human activities. An efficient way to measure the hydrological content of the water column over the main part of the continental shelf is to consider ships of opportunity as the surface to cover is wide and could be far from the coast. In the French observation strategy, the RECOPESCA programme, as a component of the High frequency Observation network for the environment in coastal SEAs (HOSEA), aims to collect environmental observations from sensors attached to fishing nets. In the present study, we assess that network using the Array Modes (ArM) method (a stochastic implementation of Le H,naff et al. Ocean Dyn 59: 3-20. doi: 10.1007/s10236-008-0144-7, 2009). That model ensemble-based method is used here to compare model and observation errors and to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the observation network at detecting prior (model) uncertainties, based on hypotheses on error sources. A reference network, based on fishing vessel observations in 2008, is assessed using that method. Considering the various seasons, we show the efficiency of the network at detecting the main model uncertainties. Moreover, three scenarios, based on the reference network, a denser network in 2010 and a fictive network aggregated from a pluri-annual collection of profiles, are also analysed. Our sensitivity study shows the importance of the profile positions with respect to the sheer number of profiles for ensuring the ability of the network to describe the main error modes. More generally, we demonstrate the capacity of this method, with a low computational cost, to assess and to design new in situ observation networks. C1 [Lamouroux, Julien] NOVELTIS, 153 Rue Lac, F-31670 Labege, France. [Lamouroux, Julien] Mercator Ocean, 8-10 Rue Hermes, F-31520 Romainville St Agne, France. [Charria, Guillaume] Univ Brest, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD,Lab Oceanog Phys & Spatiale,IUEM, F-29280 Brest, France. [De Mey, Pierre] CNRS, LEGOS, UMR 5566, 18 Av Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Raynaud, Stephane; Heyraud, Catherine; Craneguy, Philippe] ACTIMAR, 36 Quai Douane, F-29200 Brest, France. [Dumas, Franck] SHOM, HOM, 13 Rue Chatellier, F-29200 Brest, France. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Charria, G (reprint author), Univ Brest, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD,Lab Oceanog Phys & Spatiale,IUEM, F-29280 Brest, France. EM Julien.Lamouroux@mercator-ocean.fr; Guillaume.Charria@ifremer.fr OI Charria, Guillaume/0000-0001-5204-1654 FU PREVIMER project; FP7 JERICO (WP9) project; FP7 SANGOMA project [FP7-SPACE-2011-283580]; base funds of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This study has been undertaken in the frame and with the financial support of the PREVIMER project, the FP7 JERICO (WP9) project, and the FP7 SANGOMA project (FP7-SPACE-2011-283580). M. Le Henaff received partial support for this work from the base funds of the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. It has also been conducted as a contribution to the GODAE OceanView Coastal Ocean and Shelf Seas Task Team (COSS-TT). We would like to thank Emilie Leblond and Patrick Berthou for leading the RECOPESCA programme, Loic Quemener and Michel Repecaud for operating the network, and the voluntary fishermen who have accepted to join the RECOPESCA network. We also thank the technical team of RECOPESCA, especially Matthieu Bourbigot, and the observers of the Ifremer Fisheries Information System. The data from the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Ocean and Sea Ice is accessible through the SAF's homepage: http://www.osi-saf.org. We are grateful to the two anonymous referees and the Associate Editor Emil Vassilev Stanev for their very fruitful and constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD APR PY 2016 VL 66 IS 4 BP 567 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-0938-y PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DH9NQ UT WOS:000373123300008 ER PT J AU Srivastava, PK Han, DW Islam, T Petropoulos, GP Gupta, M Dai, Q AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Han, Dawei Islam, Tanvir Petropoulos, George P. Gupta, Manika Dai, Qiang TI Seasonal evaluation of evapotranspiration fluxes from MODIS satellite and mesoscale model downscaled global reanalysis datasets SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMOS SOIL-MOISTURE; CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INCREMENTAL APPROACH; WRF MODEL; VALIDATION; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; SURFACES; FUTURE AB Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important variable in hydrological modeling, which is not always available, especially for ungauged catchments. Satellite data, such as those available from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and global datasets via the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis are important sources of information for ETo. This study explored the seasonal performances of MODIS (MOD16) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model downscaled global reanalysis datasets, such as ERA interim and NCEP-derived ETo, against ground-based datasets. Overall, on the basis of the statistical metrics computed, ETo derived from ERA interim and MODIS were more accurate in comparison to the estimates from NCEP for all the seasons. The pooled datasets also revealed a similar performance to the seasonal assessment with higher agreement for the ERA interim (r = 0.96, RMSE = 2.76 mm/8 days; bias = 0.24 mm/8 days), followed by MODIS (r = 0.95, RMSE = 7.66 mm/8 days; bias = -7.17 mm/8 days) and NCEP (r = 0.76, RMSE = 11.81 mm/8 days; bias = -10.20 mm/8 days). The only limitation with downscaling ERA interim reanalysis datasets using WRF is that it is time-consuming in contrast to the readily available MODIS operational product for use in mesoscale studies and practical applications. C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Han, Dawei; Islam, Tanvir; Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Petropoulos, George P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. [Gupta, Manika] IIT, Dept Civil Engn, Water Resources, Delhi 110016, India. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013; OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423; Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; British Council, UK; Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India FX The authors would like to thank the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission, British Council, UK and the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for providing the necessary support and funding for this research. The authors would like to acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre, UK for providing the ground datasets. The author also acknowledges the Advanced Computing Research Centre at University of Bristol for providing the access to supercomputer facility (The Blue Crystal) for some of the analysis. Dr. Petropoulos's contribution was supported by the European Commission Marie Curie Re-Integration Grant "TRANSFORM-EO" project. Authors would also like to thank Gareth Ireland for the language proof reading of the manuscript. The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA/NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 461 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s00704-015-1430-1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9VH UT WOS:000373143600035 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Montalvo, DL Schwier, AN Lim, YB McNeill, VF Turpin, BJ AF Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L. Schwier, Allison N. Lim, Yong B. McNeill, V. Faye Turpin, Barbara J. TI Volatility of methylglyoxal cloud SOA formed through OH radical oxidation and droplet evaporation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Methylglyoxal; Secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Cloud processing; OH radical oxidation; Droplet evaporation; Volatility ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; INORGANIC SALTS; GLYOXAL; CHEMISTRY; VAPORIZATION; PREDICTION; PHASE; ACIDS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB The volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed through cloud processing (aqueous hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation and droplet evaporation) of methylglyoxal (MGly) was studied. Effective vapor pressure and effective enthalpy of vaporization (Delta H-vap,H-eff) were determined using 1) droplets containing MGly and its oxidation products, 2) a Vibrating Orifice Aerosol Generator (VOAG) system, and 3) Temperature Programmed Desorption Aerosol-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TPD Aerosol-CIMS). Simulated in-cloud MGly oxidation (for 10-30 min) produces an organic mixture of higher and lower volatility components with an overall effective vapor pressure of (4 +/- 7) x 10(-7) atm at pH 3. The effective vapor pressure decreases by a factor of 2 with addition of ammonium hydroxide (pH 7). The fraction of organic material remaining in the particle-phase after drying was smaller than for similar experiments with glycolaldehyde and glyoxal SOA. The Delta H-vap,H-eff of pyruvic acid and oxalic acid + methylglyoxal in the mixture (from TPD Aerosol-CIMS) were smaller than the theoretical enthalpies of the pure compounds and smaller than that estimated for the entire precursor/product mix after droplet evaporation. After 10 (even neutralized) will volatilize during droplet evaporation; neutralization and at least 80 min of oxidation at 10(-12) M (OH)-O-center dot (or >12 h at 10(-14) M) is needed before low volatility ammonium oxalate exceeds pyruvate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L.; Lim, Yong B.] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Schwier, Allison N.; McNeill, V. Faye] Columbia Univ, Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Lim, Yong B.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm Hlth & Welf Res, Seoul 02792, South Korea. [Turpin, Barbara J.] Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM bjturpin@email.unc.edu RI Lim, Yong/A-5310-2013; OI Lim, Yong/0000-0001-5000-5991; Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana/0000-0001-7293-4476 FU Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship Award; Air Pollution Educational and Research Grant, Mid-Atlantic States Section of Air and Waste Management Association; Department of Education, Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need [P200A060156]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0630298]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association [NA07OAR4310279]; US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results [RD-83375101-0]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-NIFA; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry [NNX09AF26G] FX This research was supported, in part, by a Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowship Award; Air Pollution Educational and Research Grant, Mid-Atlantic States Section of Air and Waste Management Association; Department of Education, Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (P200A060156); National Science Foundation (ATM-0630298), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NA07OAR4310279), US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results (RD-83375101-0), New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-NIFA. VFM and ANS acknowledge support of NASA Tropospheric Chemistry (NNX09AF26G). This research was not subjected to government agency review. It does not necessarily reflect views of any government agency. No official endorsement should be inferred. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2016 VL 130 SI SI BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG9CU UT WOS:000372381200016 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Brooker, J Chung, KW Kelly, M Martinez, J Moore, JG Thomas, M AF DeLorenzo, M. E. Brooker, J. Chung, K. W. Kelly, M. Martinez, J. Moore, J. G. Thomas, M. TI Exposure of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, to antimicrobial compounds affects associated Vibrio bacterial density and development of antibiotic resistance SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; triclosan; shrimp; Vibrio; toxicity; resistance ID VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; HUMAN HEALTH; TRICLOSAN; WATER; PHARMACEUTICALS; TOXICITY; OXYTETRACYCLINE; VULNIFICUS; MECHANISM AB Antimicrobial compounds are widespread, emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment and may threaten ecosystem and human health. This study characterized effects of antimicrobial compounds common to human and veterinary medicine, aquaculture, and consumer personal care products [erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), and triclosan (TCS)] in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. The effects of antimicrobial treatments on grass shrimp mortality and lipid peroxidation activity were measured. The effects of antimicrobial treatments on the bacterial community of the shrimp were then assessed by measuring Vibrio density and testing bacterial isolates for antibiotic resistance. TCS (0.33 mg/L) increased shrimp mortality by 37% and increased lipid peroxidation activity by 63%. A mixture of 0.33 mg/L TCS and 60 mg/L SMX caused a 47% increase in shrimp mortality and an 88% increase in lipid peroxidation activity. Exposure to SMX (30 mg/L or 60 mg/L) alone and to a mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC did not significantly affect shrimp survival or lipid peroxidation activity. Shrimp exposure to 0.33 mg/L TCS increased Vibrio density 350% as compared to the control whereas SMX, the SMX/TCS mixture, and the mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC decreased Vibrio density 78-94%. Increased Vibrio antibiotic resistance was observed for all shrimp antimicrobial treatments except for the mixture of SMX/ERY/OTC. Approximately 87% of grass shrimp Vibrio isolates displayed resistance to TCS in the control treatment suggesting a high level of TCS resistance in environmental Vibrio populations. The presence of TCS in coastal waters may preferentially increase the resistance and abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These results indicate the need for further study into the potential interactions between antimicrobials, aquatic organisms, and associated bacterial communities. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 469-477, 2016. C1 [DeLorenzo, M. E.; Chung, K. W.; Moore, J. G.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Brooker, J.; Kelly, M.; Martinez, J.; Thomas, M.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DBI-1062990]; Medical University of South Carolina MBES Program, NOAA FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation.; Contract grant number: DBI-1062990.; Contract grant sponsor: Medical University of South Carolina MBES Program, NOAA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1002/tox.22060 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA DG8FL UT WOS:000372318300009 PM 25348372 ER PT J AU Chuang, MC Hwang, JN Williams, K AF Chuang, Meng-Che Hwang, Jenq-Neng Williams, Kresimir TI A Feature Learning and Object Recognition Framework for Underwater Fish Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Feature learning; fish species identification; object recognition; underwater imagery; unsupervised learning ID PARTIAL CLASSIFICATION; MEAN-SHIFT; TRACKING; SYSTEM; SPACE AB Live fish recognition is one of the most crucial elements of fisheries survey applications where the vast amount of data is rapidly acquired. Different from general scenarios, challenges to underwater image recognition are posted by poor image quality, uncontrolled objects and environment, and difficulty in acquiring representative samples. In addition, most existing feature extraction techniques are hindered from automation due to involving human supervision. Toward this end, we propose an underwater fish recognition framework that consists of a fully unsupervised feature learning technique and an error-resilient classifier. Object parts are initialized based on saliency and relaxation labeling to match object parts correctly. A non-rigid part model is then learned based on fitness, separation, and discrimination criteria. For the classifier, an unsupervised clustering approach generates a binary class hierarchy, where each node is a classifier. To exploit information from ambiguous images, the notion of partial classification is introduced to assign coarse labels by optimizing the benefit of indecision made by the classifier. Experiments show that the proposed framework achieves high accuracy on both public and self-collected underwater fish images with high uncertainty and class imbalance. C1 [Chuang, Meng-Che; Hwang, Jenq-Neng] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Kresimir] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chuang, MC; Hwang, JN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Williams, K (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mengche@uw.edu; hwang@uw.edu; kresimir.williams@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Services' Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA FX This work was supported in part by the National Marine Fisheries Services' Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group and in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Peter Tay. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1862 EP 1872 DI 10.1109/TIP.2016.2535342 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DH2WN UT WOS:000372648000009 PM 26930683 ER PT J AU Dirmeyer, PA Wu, JX Norton, HE Dorigo, WA Quiring, SM Ford, TW Santanello, JA Bosilovich, MG Ek, MB Koster, RD Balsamo, G Lawrence, DM AF Dirmeyer, Paul A. Wu, Jiexia Norton, Holly E. Dorigo, Wouter A. Quiring, Steven M. Ford, Trenton W. Santanello, Joseph A., Jr. Bosilovich, Michael G. Ek, Michael B. Koster, Randal D. Balsamo, Gianpaolo Lawrence, David M. TI Confronting Weather and Climate Models with Observational Data from Soil Moisture Networks over the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reanalysis data; Land surface model; Geographic location/entity; Soil moisture; Climate models; Instrumentation/sensors; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; North America; Models and modeling; Observational techniques and algorithms ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; REANALYSIS DATA SET; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TRIPLE COLLOCATION; COUPLING STRENGTH; OBSERVING SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; MESONET AB Four land surface models in uncoupled and coupled configurations are compared to observations of daily soil moisture from 19 networks in the conterminous United States to determine the viability of such comparisons and explore the characteristics of model and observational data. First, observations are analyzed for error characteristics and representation of spatial and temporal variability. Some networks have multiple stations within an area comparable to model grid boxes; for those it is found that aggregation of stations before calculation of statistics has little effect on estimates of variance, but soil moisture memory is sensitive to aggregation. Statistics for some networks stand out as unlike those of their neighbors, likely because of differences in instrumentation, calibration, and maintenance. Buried sensors appear to have less random error than near-field remote sensing techniques, and heat-dissipation sensors show less temporal variability than other types. Model soil moistures are evaluated using three metrics: standard deviation in time, temporal correlation (memory), and spatial correlation (length scale). Models do relatively well in capturing large-scale variability of metrics across climate regimes, but they poorly reproduce observed patterns at scales of hundreds of kilometers and smaller. Uncoupled land models do no better than coupled model configurations, nor do reanalyses outperform free-running models. Spatial decorrelation scales are found to be difficult to diagnose. Using data for model validation, calibration, or data assimilation from multiple soil moisture networks with different types of sensors and measurement techniques requires great caution. Data from models and observations should be put on the same spatial and temporal scales before comparison. C1 [Dirmeyer, Paul A.; Wu, Jiexia; Norton, Holly E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Dorigo, Wouter A.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Dorigo, Wouter A.] Univ Ghent, Lab Forest & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Quiring, Steven M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Ford, Trenton W.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Santanello, Joseph A., Jr.; Bosilovich, Michael G.; Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Balsamo, Gianpaolo] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Dirmeyer, PA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4400 Univ Dr,Mail Stop 6C5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM pdirmeye@gmu.edu RI Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Santanello, Joseph/D-4438-2012; Bosilovich, Michael/F-8175-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Santanello, Joseph/0000-0002-0807-6590; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX13AQ21G]; SMOS Soil Moisture Network Study Operational Phase (ESA ESTEC) [4000102722/10] FX This work has been primarily supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NNX13AQ21G. Funding for W.D. has come from SMOS Soil Moisture Network Study Operational Phase (ESA ESTEC Contract 4000102722/10). Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. We thank G. Compo for making 20CR data available to us. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1067 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0196.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG9LY UT WOS:000372405700001 ER PT J AU Colle, R Colle, AM AF Colle, R. Colle, A. M. TI On the Po-209 half-life error and its confirmation: a critique SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Data analysis; Half-life; Measurement uncertainty; Po-209 ID PRIMARY STANDARDIZATION; ISOTOPES AB A recent report on Po-209 claimed to have made a determination of the 125-a half-life from measurements made over 0.8 % of one half-life. A careful reanalysis of the original data with a more complete and rigorous consideration of the underlying uncertainties demonstrates that this claim cannot withstand critical scrutiny. More importantly, this critique examines the larger issue as to what constitutes a valid half-life determination, and highlights that a careful and realistic analysis beyond the mere fitting of decay data to an exponential function is required for the measurement and reporting of half-life values. C1 [Colle, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Colle, A. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcolle@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2016 VL 308 IS 1 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4307-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG7MQ UT WOS:000372268800030 ER PT J AU Hershberger, PK Gregg, JL Hart, LM Moffitt, S Brenner, R Stick, K Coonradt, E Otis, EO Vollenweider, JJ Garver, KA Lovy, J Meyers, TR AF Hershberger, P. K. Gregg, J. L. Hart, L. M. Moffitt, S. Brenner, R. Stick, K. Coonradt, E. Otis, E. O. Vollenweider, J. J. Garver, K. A. Lovy, J. Meyers, T. R. TI The parasite Ichthyophonus sp in Pacific herring from the coastal NE Pacific SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophonus; Pacific herring ID SARDINOPS-SAGAX-NEOPILCHARDUS; FLOUNDER LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA; CLUPEA-PALLASI POPULATION; NOVA-SCOTIA SHELF; PUGET-SOUND; EPIZOOTIC MORTALITY; MASS MORTALITY; CHINOOK SALMON; HOFERI PLEHN; PILCHARD AB The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20-32% in 2007 to 0-3% during 2009-13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long-standing host-pathogen relationship. C1 [Hershberger, P. K.; Gregg, J. L.; Hart, L. M.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Moffitt, S.; Brenner, R.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game ADF&G Commercial Fisherie, Cordova, AK USA. [Stick, K.] Reg 4 LaConner Dist Off, Fish Program, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Conner, WA USA. [Coonradt, E.] ADF&G Commercial Fisheries, Sitka, AK USA. [Otis, E. O.] ADF&G Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK USA. [Vollenweider, J. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK USA. [Garver, K. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Lovy, J.] Off Fish & Wildlife Hlth & Forens, New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Oxford, NJ USA. [Meyers, T. R.] ADF&G Juneau Fish Pathol Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Hershberger, PK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100132-I]; Herring Conservation and Research Society; U.S. Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area FX Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Project # 10100132-I, the Herring Conservation and Research Society, and the U.S. Geological Survey - Fisheries Program, Ecosystems Mission Area. Technical support was provided by C. Pacheco, C. Grady, J. Word, R. Wade, S. Roon, S. Luis, C. Luk, N. Lewandowski, B. Tyler and M. Yanney (USGS - Marrowstone Marine Field Station). Sample collection from Canada was facilitated by L. Hammer (Herring Conservation and Research Society). Insights into the overwintering structure of British Columbia herring were provided by Dr. Doug Hay (DFO - Canada). Access to archived Pacific herring at the University of Washington Fish Collection was provided by Drs. T. Pietch and K. Pearson Maslenikov The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7775 EI 1365-2761 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 395 EP 410 DI 10.1111/jfd.12370 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA DG8KZ UT WOS:000372334000001 PM 25828232 ER PT J AU Muralikrishnan, B Phillips, S Sawyer, D AF Muralikrishnan, Bala Phillips, Steve Sawyer, Daniel TI Laser trackers for large-scale dimensional metrology: A review SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Laser tracker; Large-scale dimensional metrology; Error modeling; Performance evaluation; Measurement uncertainty; Standardization ID TRACKING INTERFEROMETER SYSTEM; CATS-EYE RETROREFLECTOR; UPDATED EDLEN EQUATION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; MACHINE-TOOLS; CALIBRATION SYSTEM; COORDINATE DATA; ANGLE ENCODER; ERROR; UNCERTAINTY AB Thirty years since their invention, laser trackers are now recognized as the measurement tool of choice in the manufacture and assembly of large components. The general design of laser trackers, i.e., a ranging unit on a two-axis gimbal, has not changed significantly over the years. However, innovations in ranging technology, for example, the emergence of increasingly accurate absolute distance meters (ADMs), are providing users with an alternative to interferometers (IFMs). Hand-held accessories such as touch probes and line scanners are expanding the scope and applicability of laser trackers. In this paper, we survey the literature in all areas of laser trackers as applied to large-scale dimensional metrology (LSDM), with emphasis on error modeling, measurement uncertainty, performance evaluation and standardization. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Phillips, Steve; Sawyer, Daniel] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM balam@nist.gov NR 150 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 44 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2015.12.001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DG3AX UT WOS:000371943000002 ER PT J AU Johnsson, E Yang, JC AF Johnsson, Erik Yang, Jiann C. TI Experimental study on hardening a motorcoach against tire fire penetration SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE transportation fires; fire growth; flame spread; vehicle fires; bus fires; tire fires; fire penetration; fire hardening AB Three full-scale fire experiments were conducted to assess methods of hardening the motorcoach against penetration of a tire fire. The first method was to replace the combustible fender and exterior side panel above the wheels with stainless steel sheet metal. The second method was to coat the plastic fender and side panel with an intumescent layer. The third method was to install a sheet steel fire plume deflector between the fender and side panel. A special burner was used that imitates the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. For each experiment, heating to obtain tire ignition was initiated on the exterior of the passenger side tag axle wheel. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, and heat release rate were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were recorded. The experimental results were compared with those obtained with no fire hardening. The metal replacement method performed best and prevented fire penetration for over 30min longer than the nonhardened cases. The intumescent coating extended fire penetration by about 20min longer than the nonhardened cases. The steel plume deflector had no significant impact on the timing for fire penetration of the windows. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Johnsson, Erik; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnsson, E (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.johnsson@nist.gov OI Johnsson, Erik/0000-0003-1170-7370 FU NHTSA FX This work was sponsored by the NHTSA. Thanks to Marco Fernandez of NIST and the National Fire Research Laboratory staff for all the hard work preparing for and running this challenging experimental project, to Ed Hnetkovsky of NIST for help with the burner, and to the NIST Fire Protection Group and the Fire Fighting Technology Group for providing backup fire suppression. Also, the NIST Plant Division is appreciated for providing crews to move our motorcoach. NIST thanks Randy Smith and Alex Cook of Greyhound for their helpful technical advice. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD APR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 3 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1002/fam.2295 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DF9KG UT WOS:000371679300005 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Poti, M Karnauskas, KB AF Kendall, Matthew S. Poti, Matt Karnauskas, Kristopher B. TI Climate change and larval transport in the ocean: fractional effects from physical and physiological factors SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caroline Archipelago; connectivity; coral reef; larvae; Marianas; Micronesia; pelagic larval duration ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; REEF FISH LARVAE; CORAL-REEFS; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; MODEL; ACIDIFICATION; REPRODUCTION AB Changes in larval import, export, and self-seeding will affect the resilience of coral reef ecosystems. Climate change will alter the ocean currents that transport larvae and also increase sea surface temperatures (SST), hastening development, and shortening larval durations. Here, we use transport simulations to estimate future larval connectivity due to: (1) physical transport of larvae from altered circulation alone, and (2) the combined effects of altered currents plus physiological response to warming. Virtual larvae from islands throughout Micronesia were moved according to present-day and future ocean circulation models. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) spanning 2004-2012 represented present-day currents. For future currents, we altered HYCOM using analysis from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model, version 1-Biogeochemistry, Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 experiment. Based on the NCAR model, regional SST is estimated to rise 2.74 degrees C which corresponds to a similar to 17% decline in larval duration for some taxa. This reduction was the basis for a separate set of simulations. Results predict an increase in self-seeding in 100years such that 62-76% of islands experienced increased self-seeding, there was an average domainwide increase of similar to 1-3% points in self-seeding, and increases of up to 25% points for several individual islands. When changed currents alone were considered, approximately half (i.e., random) of all island pairs experienced decreased connectivity but when reduced PLD was added as an effect, similar to 65% of connections were weakened. Orientation of archipelagos relative to currents determined the directional bias in connectivity changes. There was no universal relationship between climate change and connectivity applicable to all taxa and settings. Islands that presently export large numbers of larvae but that also maintain or enhance this role into the future should be the focus of conservation measures that promote long-term resilience of larval supply. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Poti, Matt] NOAA, NCCOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Poti, Matt] Consolidated Safety Serv Dynamac Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NCCOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; WHOI Oceans and Climate Change Institute; CSS-Dynamac, Fairfax VA under NOAA [DG133C11CO0019] FX This study was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the WHOI Oceans and Climate Change Institute. Chris Barker and Caitlin O'Conner provided assistance with running transport simulations in GNOME. Brian Kinlan and Arliss Winship provided guidance on Matlab and R code for processing data outputs. Dana Okano and Adrienne Loerzel facilitated contact with many local experts in the Mariana region. John Christensen and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments to improve the manuscript. Government contract labor was provided by CSS-Dynamac, Fairfax VA under NOAA contract DG133C11CO0019. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1532 EP 1547 DI 10.1111/gcb.13159 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF7CN UT WOS:000371515300018 PM 26554877 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI Identifying channels of economic impacts: An inter-regional structural path analysis for Alaska fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Alaska fisheries; Inter-regional economic impacts; Social accounting matrix; Structural path analysis ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; FRAMEWORK; SHOCKS; MODEL AB Alaska fisheries have strong spillover effects on economies of other states (especially the state of Washington) due to their dependence on imports from these other states. Several studies attempt to develop inter-regional or multi-regional economic impact models to investigate these spillover effects, and calculate the multipliers for Alaska fisheries. However, these multipliers measure only total economic impacts, failing to provide fishery managers with the information on how and along what channels these total economic impacts are generated and transmitted throughout the regions. This paper uses an inter-regional structural path analysis (IRSPA) to identify the various channels (paths) through which the economic impacts of an initial shock to a seafood sector are transmitted, amplified, and spilled over to other regions, within an inter-regional social accounting matrix (IRSAM) framework for two US regions Alaska and the rest of US (RUS). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 66 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.01.015 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA DF7QN UT WOS:000371552800006 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Shi, L Yeo, D AF Simiu, Emil Shi, Liang Yeo, DongHun TI Planetary Boundary-Layer Modelling and Tall Building Design SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary-layer meteorology; Brunt; Vaisala frequency; Conventionally neutral stratification; Planetary boundary layer; Tall structures ID INTEGRAL MEASURES AB Characteristics of flow in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) strongly affect the design of tall structures. PBL modelling in building codes, based as it is on empirical data from the 1960s and 1970s, differs significantly from contemporary PBL models, which account for both "neutral" flows, and "conventionally neutral" flows. PBL heights estimated in these relatively sophisticated models are typically approximately half as large as those obtained using the classical asymptotic similarity approach, and are one order of magnitude larger than those specified in North American and Japanese building codes. A simple method is proposed for estimating the friction velocity and PBL height as functions of specified surface roughness and geostrophic wind speed. Based on published results, it is tentatively determined that, even at elevations as high as 800 m above the surface, the contribution to the resultant mean flow velocity of the component V normal to the surface stress is negligible and the veering angle is of the order of only 5. This note aims to encourage dialogue between boundary-layer meteorologists and structural engineers. C1 [Simiu, Emil; Shi, Liang; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD APR PY 2016 VL 159 IS 1 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10546-015-0106-9 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3KW UT WOS:000371243800010 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Hunter, TS Clites, AH Stow, CA Slawecki, T Muhr, GC Gronewold, AD AF Smith, Joeseph P. Hunter, Timothy S. Clites, Anne H. Stow, Craig A. Slawecki, Tad Muhr, Glenn C. Gronewold, Andrew D. TI An expandable web-based platform for visually analyzing basin-scale hydro-climate time series data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Data visualization; Great lakes; Data access; Analytics; Software; Object oriented ID GREAT-LAKES; WATER; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB Growing demand from the general public for centralized points of data access and analytics tools coincides with similar, well-documented needs of regional and international hydrology research and resource management communities. To address this need within the Laurentian Great Lakes region, we introduce the Great Lakes Dashboard (GLD), a dynamic web data visualization platform that brings multiple time series data sets together for visual analysis and download. The platform's adaptable, robust, and expandable Time Series Core Object Model (GLD-TSCOM) separates the growing complexity and size of Great Lakes data sets from the web application interface. Although the GLD-TSCOM is currently applied exclusively to Great Lakes data sets, the concepts and methods discussed here can be applied in other geographical and topical areas of interest. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, Joeseph P.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hunter, Timothy S.; Clites, Anne H.; Stow, Craig A.; Muhr, Glenn C.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Slawecki, Tad] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Gronewold, Andrew D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM joeseph@umich.edu RI karanki, Archana/E-7014-2016; OI Smith, Joeseph/0000-0002-1896-1390; Clites, Anne/0000-0002-2385-3802 FU CILER by NOAA; Great Lakes Restoration Initiative [DW1392377301-0]; International Joint Commission International Upper Great Lakes Study [P14100186]; USACE [W56MES32262531] FX Funding for this research and development was provided through CILER by NOAA, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (No. DW1392377301-0, administered by USEPA), the International Joint Commission International Upper Great Lakes Study (No. P14100186), and the USACE (No. W56MES32262531). The authors would like to thank NOAA's Climate.gov dashboard team for initial advice, including Viviane Silva, David Herring, and Mark Phillips. For technical and communication support, we would like to thank NOAA-GLERL's Margaret Lansing and Cathy Darnell. For general guidance and partnership, we thank the United States Army Corps of Engineers - Detroit District, specifically Jim Lewis, John Allis, and Keith Kompoltowicz, along with Heather Stirratt and Brandon Krumwiede at NOAA's Office for Coastal Management. Special thanks to all who took time to review this paper, including Brent Lofgren of NOAA-GLERL and John Bratton of LimnoTech, and all anonymous reviewers. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD APR PY 2016 VL 78 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.12.005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DF5FS UT WOS:000371377800008 ER PT J AU Srivastava, S Kishore, S Narayanan, S Sandy, AR Bhatia, SR AF Srivastava, Sunita Kishore, Suhasini Narayanan, Suresh Sandy, Alec R. Bhatia, Surita R. TI Multiple Dynamic Regimes in Colloid-Polymer Dispersions: New Insight Using X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE colloids; gels; nanoparticles ID LAPONITE-PEO MIXTURES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); LIGHT-SCATTERING; NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION; AGING BEHAVIOR; SHAKE-GELS; CLAY; SUSPENSIONS AB We present an X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) study of dynamic transitions in an anisotropic colloid-polymer dispersion with multiple arrested states. The results provide insight into the mechanism for formation of repulsive glasses, attractive glasses, and networked gels of colloids with weakly adsorbing polymer chains. In the presence of adsorbing polymer chains, we observe three distinct regimes: a state with slow dynamics consisting of finite particles and clusters, for which interparticle interactions are predominantly repulsive; a second dynamic regime occurring above the saturation concentration of added polymer, in which small clusters of nanoparticles form via a short-range depletion attraction; and a third regime above the overlap concentration in which dynamics of clusters are independent of polymer chain length. The observed complex dynamic state diagram is primarily governed by the structural reorganization of a nanoparticle cluster and polymer chains at the nanoparticle-polymer surface and in the concentrated medium, which in turn controls the dynamics of the dispersion. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Srivastava, Sunita; Kishore, Suhasini; Bhatia, Surita R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Srivastava, Sunita] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kishore, Suhasini] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Narayanan, Suresh; Sandy, Alec R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bhatia, Surita R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srivastava, S; Bhatia, SR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Srivastava, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bhatia, SR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sunita.srivastava@nist.gov; surita.bhatia@stonybrook.edu RI Bhatia, Surita/B-4536-2008 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1335787]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Award No. CBET-1335787. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.1002/polb.23973 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DF6UQ UT WOS:000371492800007 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Baldwin, DH Damm, SE McIntyre, JK Huff, M Sloan, CA Anulacion, BF Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Spromberg, Julann A. Baldwin, David H. Damm, Steven E. McIntyre, Jenifer K. Huff, Michael Sloan, Catherine A. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Coho salmon spawner mortality in western US urban watersheds: bioinfiltration prevents lethal storm water impacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat restoration; non-point source pollution; Pacific salmon; run-off; storm water; urban ecology; urban streams ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; CRUDE-OIL; LAND-USE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOIL BIORETENTION; PUGET-SOUND; RUNOFF; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB Adult coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch return each autumn to freshwater spawning habitats throughout western North America. The migration coincides with increasing seasonal rainfall, which in turn increases storm water run-off, particularly in urban watersheds with extensive impervious land cover. Previous field assessments in urban stream networks have shown that adult coho are dying prematurely at high rates (>50%). Despite significant management concerns for the long-term conservation of threatened wild coho populations, a causal role for toxic run-off in the mortality syndrome has not been demonstrated. We exposed otherwise healthy coho spawners to: (i) artificial storm water containing mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons, at or above concentrations previously measured in urban run-off; (ii) undiluted storm water collected from a high traffic volume urban arterial road (i.e. highway run-off); and (iii) highway run-off that was first pre-treated via bioinfiltration through experimental soil columns to remove pollutants. We find that mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons - conventional toxic constituents in urban storm water - are not sufficient to cause the spawner mortality syndrome. By contrast, untreated highway run-off collected during nine distinct storm events was universally lethal to adult coho relative to unexposed controls. Lastly, the mortality syndrome was prevented when highway run-off was pretreated by soil infiltration, a conventional green storm water infrastructure technology. Our results are the first direct evidence that: (i) toxic run-off is killing adult coho in urban watersheds, and (ii) inexpensive mitigation measures can improve water quality and promote salmon survival.Synthesis and applications. Coho salmon, an iconic species with exceptional economic and cultural significance, are an ecological sentinel for the harmful effects of untreated urban run-off. Wild coho populations cannot withstand the high rates of mortality that are now regularly occurring in urban spawning habitats. Green storm water infrastructure or similar pollution prevention methods should be incorporated to the maximal extent practicable, at the watershed scale, for all future development and redevelopment projects, particularly those involving transportation infrastructure. Coho salmon, an iconic species with exceptional economic and cultural significance, are an ecological sentinel for the harmful effects of untreated urban run-off. Wild coho populations cannot withstand the high rates of mortality that are now regularly occurring in urban spawning habitats. Green storm water infrastructure or similar pollution prevention methods should be incorporated to the maximal extent practicable, at the watershed scale, for all future development and redevelopment projects, particularly those involving transportation infrastructure. Editor's Choice C1 [Spromberg, Julann A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ocean Associates, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baldwin, David H.; Sloan, Catherine A.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Damm, Steven E.; Davis, Jay W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr S-E, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [McIntyre, Jenifer K.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Huff, Michael] Suquamish Tribe, POB 498,18490 Suquamish Way, Suquamish, WA 98392 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012; OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368; Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA Coastal Storms Program (National Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center); U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Puget Sound's Regional Stormwater Monitoring Programme (RSMP); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Allisan Beck, Richard Edmunds, Tony Gill, Emma Mudrock, Tiffany Linbo, Kate Macneale, Jana Labenia, Mark Tagal, Frank Sommers, Gina Ylitalo, Daryle Boyd, Barb French, Ann England, Karen Peck, MaryJean Willis, Cathy Laetz, Sylvia Charles, William Alexander, Ben Purser, Corey Oster, Luke Williams and the Kitsap Poggie Club. This study received agency funding from the NOAA Coastal Storms Program (National Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center), the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Puget Sound's Regional Stormwater Monitoring Programme (RSMP as administered by the WA State Dept. of Ecology), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. Lastly, we appreciate the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. Findings and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 53 IS 2 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12534 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE9LN UT WOS:000370959100012 ER PT J AU Mitropoulos, S Tsiantos, V Ovaliadis, K Kechrakos, D Donahue, M AF Mitropoulos, Spyridon Tsiantos, Vassilis Ovaliadis, Kyriakos Kechrakos, Dimitris Donahue, Michael TI Stiff modes in spinvalve simulations with OOMMF SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Hysteresis Modeling and Micromagnetics (HMM) CY MAY 18-20, 2015 CL Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ, Iasi, ROMANIA HO Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ DE Micromagnetic simulations; Spinvalve; ODEs; Stiffness ID MICROMAGNETIC SOLVERS AB Micromagnetic simulations are an important tool for the investigation of magnetic materials. Micro magnetic software uses various techniques to solve differential equations, partial or ordinary, involved in the dynamic simulations. Euler, Runge-Kutta, Adams, and BDF (Backward Differentiation Formulae) are some of the methods used for this purpose. In this paper, spinvalve simulations are investigated. Evidence is presented showing that these systems have stiff modes, and that implicit methods such as BDF are more effective than explicit methods in such cases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitropoulos, Spyridon] TEI Eastern Macedonia & Thrace, Dept Comp & Informat Engn, Kavala, Greece. [Tsiantos, Vassilis; Ovaliadis, Kyriakos] TEI Eastern Macedonia & Thrace, Dept Elect Engn, Kavala 65404, Greece. [Kechrakos, Dimitris] ASPETE, Dept Educ, Athens, Greece. [Donahue, Michael] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsiantos, V (reprint author), TEI Eastern Macedonia & Thrace, Dept Elect Engn, Kavala 65404, Greece. EM tsianto@teikav.edu.gr RI Kechrakos, Dimitris/H-7455-2014 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 486 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2015.10.010 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DE7YQ UT WOS:000370853400038 ER PT J AU Zhu, HF Sun, X Kang, LM Hong, MN Liu, ML Yu, ZH Ouyang, J AF Zhu, Hanfei Sun, Xin Kang, Limin Hong, Mina Liu, Menglin Yu, Zhenghai Ouyang, Jun TI Charge transport behaviors in epitaxial BiFeO3 thick films sputtered with different Ar/O-2 flow ratios SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectric materials; BiFeO3 films; Sputtering; Electrical properties; Charge transport ID MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PHASES; STRAIN AB Heteroepitaxial BiFeO3 thick films were prepared on (100) LaAlO3 substrates using magnetron sputtering. The sputtering atmosphere, i.e. Ar/O-2 flow ratio, showed significant influence on the charge transport behaviors of BiFeO3 films. The distinct current density-electric field (J-E) characteristics of films were fitted to three charge transport models: ionic conduction, Schottky emission, and space-charge-limited-current (SCLC). These models were verified by an Auger depth profiling study, which revealed the chemical compositions of the films across their thicknesses. The apparent flow ratio dependence of charge transport in these films is well explained by the models with the supporting Auger data. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Hanfei; Liu, Menglin; Yu, Zhenghai; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Engn Ceram Key Lab Shandong Prov, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat,Min, Jinan 250061, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Sun, Xin] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kang, Limin] Shandong Ind Ceram Res & Design Inst Co Ltd, Zibo 255031, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Hong, Mina] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Engn Ceram Key Lab Shandong Prov, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat,Min, Jinan 250061, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC [91122024]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University); Shandong University; Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM); Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University [2015JC034]; Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University [2015YQ009] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC (Grant No. 91122024), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), as well as the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM), and Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034). H. Zhu, Z. Yu, and J. Ouyang acknowledge the financial support of the Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City (Grant # ZXG201445) and the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015YQ009). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 115 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.12.029 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DE8NV UT WOS:000370893800014 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Forbes, TP AF Sisco, Edward Forbes, Thomas P. TI Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry of potential by-products from homemade nitrate ester explosive synthesis SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Explosives; Nitrate esters; Direct analysis in real time; Mass spectrometry; Forensic science ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; TRACE DETECTION; INSTRUMENTATION; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; DESI; MS AB This work demonstrates the coupling of direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) in an off-axis configuration for the trace detection and analysis of potential partially nitrated and dimerized by-products of homemade nitrate ester explosive synthesis. Five compounds relating to the synthesis of nitroglycerin (NG) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) were examined. Deprotonated ions and adducts with molecular oxygen, nitrite, and nitrate were observed in the mass spectral responses of these compounds. A global optimum temperature of 350 degrees C for the by-products investigated here enabled single nanogram to sub nanogram trace detection. Matrix effects were examined through a series of mixtures containing one or more compounds (sugar alcohol precursors, by-products, and/or explosives) across a range of mass loadings. The explosives MS responses experienced competitive ionization in the presence of all by-products. The magnitude of this influence corresponded to both the degree of by-product nitration and the relative mass loading of the by-product to the explosive. This work provides a characterization of potential by-products from homemade nitrate ester synthesis, including matrix effects and potential challenges that might arise from the trace detection of homemade explosives (HMEs) containing impurities. Detection and understanding of HME impurities and complex mixtures may provide valuable information for the screening and sourcing of homemade nitrate ester explosives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sisco, Edward; Forbes, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 150 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DE6VA UT WOS:000370770500024 PM 26838397 ER PT J AU Vico, F Ferrando, M Greengard, L Gimbutas, Z AF Vico, Felipe Ferrando, Miguel Greengard, Leslie Gimbutas, Zydrunas TI The Decoupled Potential Integral Equation for Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Scattering SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID EFIE; FREQUENCIES; OPERATORS AB We present a new formulation for the problem of electromagnetic scattering from perfect electric conductors. While our representation for the electric and magnetic fields is based on the standard vector and scalar potentials A, phi in the Lorenz gauge, we establish boundary conditions on the potentials themselves rather than on the field quantities. This permits the development of a wellconditioned second-kind Fredholm integral equation that has no spurious resonances, avoids low-frequency breakdown, and is insensitive to the genus of the scatterer. The equations for the vector and scalar potentials are decoupled. That is, the unknown scalar potential defining the scattered field, phi(scat), is determined entirely by the incident scalar potential phi(inc). Likewise, the unknown vector potential defining the scattered field, A scat, is determined entirely by the incident vector potential A(inc). This decoupled formulation is valid not only in the static limit but for arbitrary omega >= 0. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Vico, Felipe; Ferrando, Miguel] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Telecomunicac & Aplicac Multimedia ITEAM, E-46022 Valencia, Spain. [Greengard, Leslie] NYU, Courant Inst, Simons Fdn, Simons Ctr Data Anal, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Gimbutas, Zydrunas] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 891-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vico, F; Ferrando, M (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Telecomunicac & Aplicac Multimedia ITEAM, E-46022 Valencia, Spain.; Greengard, L (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst, Simons Fdn, Simons Ctr Data Anal, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA.; Gimbutas, Z (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 891-01, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM felipe.vico@gmail.com; mferrand@dcom.upv.es; greengard@cims.nyu.edu; zydrunas.gimbutas@nist.gov RI Ferrando Bataller, Miguel/O-2926-2013 OI Ferrando Bataller, Miguel/0000-0003-3561-5112 FU Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FGO288ER25053]; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; AFOSR under NSSEFF Program [FA9550-10-1-0180]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) [CSD2008-00068, TEC2010-20841-C04-01] FX This work was supported in part by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-FGO288ER25053 (L.G.), by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award FA9550-10-1-0180 (L.G. and Z.G.), and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) under projects CSD2008-00068 and TEC2010-20841-C04-01. The authors thank A. Klockner and M. O'Neil for many useful discussions. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0010-3640 EI 1097-0312 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL MATH JI Commun. Pure Appl. Math. PD APR PY 2016 VL 69 IS 4 BP 771 EP 812 PG 42 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DE5JS UT WOS:000370667900007 ER PT J AU Deroba, JJ Miller, TJ AF Deroba, Jonathan J. Miller, Timothy J. TI Correct in theory but wrong in practice: Bias caused by using a lognormal distribution to penalize annual recruitments in fish stock assessment models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Likelihood; Recruitment; Assessment; Simulation; Fish ID PRODUCTIVITY; SELECTIVITY AB Penalties are widely used for a range of parameters while fitting fish stock assessment models. Penalizing annual recruitments for deviating from an underlying mean recruitment is probably the most common. Assuming that recruits are log-normally distributed for the purposes of this penalty is theoretically justifiable. In practice, however, bias may be induced because this distributional assumption includes a term equal to the summation of the log observed data, which in the case of recruitment equals the summation of the log recruitment parameters that are not data. Using simulation, the potential for bias caused by assuming that recruits were log-normally distributed was explored, and results were contrasted with the assumption that log-recruitment was normally distributed, an alternative that avoids the potentially troublesome summation term. Spawning stock biomass (SSB) and recruitment were negatively biased, while fishing mortality (F) was positively biased under the assumption of log-normally distributed recruitments, and the bias worsened closer to the terminal year. The bias also worsened when the true underlying F was low relative to natural mortality, and with domed fishery selectivity. Bias in SSB, recruitment, and F was nonexistent or relatively small under the assumption that log-recruitment was normally distributed. Distributional assumptions for penalties used in assessment models should be reviewed to reduce the potential for biased estimation. These results also provide further support for simulation testing to evaluate statistical behavior of assessment models. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Deroba, Jonathan J.; Miller, Timothy J.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2016 VL 176 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.12.002 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0HZ UT WOS:000370307000010 ER PT J AU Guzewich, SD Newman, CE Juarez, MD Wilson, RJ Lemmon, M Smith, MD Kahanpaa, H Harri, AM AF Guzewich, Scott D. Newman, C. E. Juarez, M. de la Torre Wilson, R. J. Lemmon, M. Smith, M. D. Kahanpaa, H. Harri, A. -M. CA REMS Sci Team MSL Sci Team TI Atmospheric tides in Gale Crater, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, atmosphere; Atmospheres, dynamics; Meteorology ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARTIAN DUST CYCLE; WATER ICE CLOUDS; THERMAL TIDES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL DEPTH; STORMS; ROVER; SIMULATION; CLIMATE AB Atmospheric tides are the primary source of daily air pressure variation at the surface of Mars. These tides are forced by solar heating of the atmosphere and modulated by the presence of atmospheric dust, topography, and surface albedo and thermal inertia. This results in a complex mix of sun-synchronous and non sun-synchronous tides propagating both eastward and westward around the planet in periods that are integer fractions of a solar day. The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station on board the Mars Science Laboratory has observed air pressure at a regular cadence for over 1 Mars year and here we analyze and diagnose atmospheric tides in this pressure record. The diurnal tide amplitude varies from 26 to 63 Pa with an average phase of 0424 local true solar time, while the semidiurnal tide amplitude varies from 5 to 20 Pa with an average phase of 0929. We find that both the diurnal and semidiurnal tides in Gale Crater are highly correlated to atmospheric opacity variations at a value of 0.9 and to each other at a value of 0.77, with some key exceptions occurring during regional and local dust storms. We supplement our analysis with MarsWRF general circulation modeling to examine how a local dust storm impacts the diurnal tide in its vicinity. We find that both the diurnal tide amplitude enhancement and regional coverage of notable amplitude enhancement linearly scales with the size of the local dust storm. Our results provide the first long-term record of surface pressure tides near the martian equator. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guzewich, Scott D.] NASA GSFC, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guzewich, Scott D.; Smith, M. D.] NASA GSFC, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guzewich, Scott D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Newman, C. E.] Ashima Res, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Juarez, M. de la Torre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wilson, R. J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lemmon, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kahanpaa, H.; Harri, A. -M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kahanpaa, H.] Aalto Univ, Espoo, Finland. RP Guzewich, SD (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7178 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/L-8001-2014; Gonzalez, Rafael/D-1748-2009; Harri, Ari-Matti/C-7142-2012; Ramos, Miguel/K-2230-2014; OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose/0000-0003-0461-9815; Harri, Ari-Matti/0000-0001-8541-2802; Ramos, Miguel/0000-0003-3648-6818; Guzewich, Scott/0000-0003-1149-7385 FU MSL Participating Scientist grant; MSL mission FX This work was partially funded by a MSL Participating Scientist grant to M.D. Smith. C.E. Newman, M. de la Torre Juarez, and M. Lemmon acknowledge funding from the MSL mission, the REMS team, and the MastCam team. MarsWRF simulations were conducted on the NASA Pleiades Advanced Supercomputer system. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD APR PY 2016 VL 268 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.028 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DD9AN UT WOS:000370218100004 ER PT J AU Zhao, Q Petersen, EJ Cornelis, G Wang, XL Guo, XY Tao, S Xing, BS AF Zhao, Qing Petersen, Elijah J. Cornelis, Geert Wang, Xilong Guo, Xiaoying Tao, Shu Xing, Baoshan TI Retention of C-14-labeled multiwall carbon nanotubes by humic acid and polymers: Roles of macromolecule properties SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; COLLOIDAL STABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; SORPTION; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; SOILS; TRANSPORT; IMPACT AB Developing methods to measure interactions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with soils and sediments and understanding the impact of soil and sediment properties on CNT deposition are essential for assessing CNT environmental risks. In this study, we utilized functionalized carbon-14 labeled nanotubes to systematically investigate retention of multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) by 3 humic acids, 3 natural biopolymers, and 10 model solid-phase polymers, collectively termed macromolecules. Surface properties, rather than bulk properties of macromolecules, greatly influenced MWCNT retention. As shown via multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis, aromaticity and surface polarity were the two most positive factors for retention, suggesting retention was regulated by pi-pi stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, MWCNT deposition was irreversible. These observations may explain the high retention of MWCNT in natural soils. Moreover, our findings on the relative contribution of each macromolecule property on CNT retention provide information on macromolecule selection for removal of MWCNTs from wastewater and provide a method for measuring CNT interactions with organic macromolecules. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhao, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qing; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cornelis, Geert] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wang, Xilong; Guo, Xiaoying; Tao, Shu] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Key Lab Pollut Ecol & Environm Engn, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Xing, BS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.; Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Elijah.petersen@nist.gov; bx@umass.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Zhao, Qing/I-5749-2013; Zhao, Qing/N-6541-2014; Cornelis, Geert/F-7044-2010; OI Zhao, Qing/0000-0003-3192-3804; Zhao, Qing/0000-0003-2250-5571; Cornelis, Geert/0000-0003-0078-6798; Petersen, Elijah/0000-0001-8215-9127 FU Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences; CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program; USDA-AFRI Hatch program [MAS 00475]; NSFC [41328003]; 111 project [B14001]; Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences [SKLECRA2015OFP10] FX This work was in part supported by the Hundreds Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014-2019), CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program (2015-2020), USDA-AFRI Hatch program (MAS 00475), NSFC (41328003) and the 111 project (B14001) and Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (SKLECRA2015OFP10). Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this article in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.024 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DC2TP UT WOS:000369069800027 PM 27458320 ER PT J AU Li, W Cheng, GJ Liang, YR Tian, BY Liang, XL Peng, LM Walker, ARH Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Li, Wei Cheng, Guangjun Liang, Yiran Tian, Boyuan Liang, Xuelei Peng, Lianmao Walker, A. R. Hight Gundlach, David J. Nguyen, Nhan V. TI Broadband optical properties of graphene by spectroscopic ellipsometry SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID BILAYER GRAPHENE; FILMS AB The optical properties of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene were measured with high accuracy by spectroscopy ellipsometry in the energy range of 0.7 eV-9.0 eV, which is spectrally broader compared with those reported in literature. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of graphene were accurately obtained and compared with directly measured transmittance data. The absorption of graphene follows the well-known fine structure constant in the visible range, becomes lower below 1 eV, and shows a strong absorption peak around 4.8 eV. The latter was attributed to the resonant excitons near the van Hove singularity at the M point of the Brillouin zone. A higher energy absorption peak was observed at 6.4 eV resulting from the excitonic effect of the sigma-to-sigma* transition at the Gamma point of the Brillouin zone. The multi-layer graphene, fabricated by repeated transfer, exhibit similar optical properties to mono-layer graphene and the 4.8 eV absorption peak exhibits a layer-number dependent peak shift, similar to the exfoliated AB-stacked multi-layer graphene. The broadband optical properties reported in this letter are believed to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of graphene and will benefit the development of graphene-based optoelectronic devices. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, Nhan V.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liang, XL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Liang, XL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Nguyen, NV (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liangxl@pku.edu.cn; Nhan.Nguyen@nist.gov RI Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; Ministry of education of China [113003A]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61321001]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z141100003814006]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921904), the Ministry of education of China (Grant No. 113003A), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61321001) and Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Grant No. Z141100003814006). Wei Li is partly supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors are grateful to the discussion with Alex Boosalis of University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2016 VL 99 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DC2TP UT WOS:000369069800041 ER PT J AU Roberts, K Simpson, M Demner-Fushman, D Voorhees, E Hersh, W AF Roberts, Kirk Simpson, Matthew Demner-Fushman, Dina Voorhees, Ellen Hersh, William TI State-of-the-art in biomedical literature retrieval for clinical cases: a survey of the TREC 2014 CDS track SO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Article DE Biomedical information retrieval; Clinical decision support; Information retrieval evaluation ID PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; DISEASES; DATABASE; MEDLINE; CARE AB Providing access to relevant biomedical literature in a clinical setting has the potential to bridge a critical gap in evidence-based medicine. Here, our goal is specifically to provide relevant articles to clinicians to improve their decision-making in diagnosing, treating, and testing patients. To this end, the TREC 2014 Clinical Decision Support Track evaluated a system's ability to retrieve relevant articles in one of three categories (Diagnosis, Treatment, Test) using an idealized form of a patient medical record . Over 100 submissions from over 25 participants were evaluated on 30 topics, resulting in over 37k relevance judgments. In this article, we provide an overview of the task, a survey of the information retrieval methods employed by the participants, an analysis of the results, and a discussion on the future directions for this challenging yet important task. C1 [Roberts, Kirk; Simpson, Matthew; Demner-Fushman, Dina] Natl Lib Med, Lister Hill Natl Ctr Biomed Commun, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Voorhees, Ellen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hersh, William] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Roberts, K (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Lister Hill Natl Ctr Biomed Commun, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. EM kirk.roberts@nih.gov OI Hersh, William/0000-0002-4114-5148 FU intramural research program at U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health FX Kirk Roberts, Matthew Simpson, and Dina Demner-Fushman were supported by the intramural research program at the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. The authors would also like to thank the following participants for providing feedback and clarifications: Raymond Wan, Paul McNamee, Jean Garcia-Gathright, Joao Palotti, Eva D'hondt, Dawit Girmay, Afshin Deroie, Sungbin Choi, Luca Soldaini, Joe McCarthy, and Yi-Shu Wei. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4564 EI 1573-7659 J9 INFORM RETRIEVAL JI Inf. Retr. PD APR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 113 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10791-015-9259-x PG 36 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA DC1UM UT WOS:000369002500006 ER PT J AU Muzzillo, CP Campbell, CE Anderson, TJ AF Muzzillo, Christopher P. Campbell, Carelyn E. Anderson, Timothy J. TI Cu-Ga-In thermodynamics: experimental study, modeling, and implications for photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHALCOPYRITE THIN-FILMS; COPPER-INDIUM; SOLAR-CELLS; SELENIZATION TECHNIQUE; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; HEAT-CAPACITY; BINARY-SYSTEM; AB-INITIO; ALLOYS AB Both experimental measurements and assessment of phase equilibria are reported in the Cu-Ga-In material system, which is an important constituent in growth of the thin film photovoltaic absorber Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS). Characterization of four different alloys using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry has been conducted, and high-temperature equilibration studies have been performed on 2 of those. The new data are qualitatively consistent with the previous nonequilibrium thin film Cu-Ga-In observations. A thermodynamic assessment of the ternary system has also been performed using a CALPHAD approach after re-assessing the Cu-In constituent. The model fits the ternary data well in addition to the Cu-Ga, Cu-In, and Ga-In binary data. Practical applications of the model to metal precursors in a CIGS selenization process are discussed. Using the assessed parameters, the model predicts that at temperatures typically used in CIGS processes, Cu-Ga-In films should undergo equilibrium phase transformations. Slight changes in composition are found to determine whether or not these transitions occur, and at what temperature. Equilibrated precursor films are calculated to have high gamma-Cu-9(Ga,In)(4) phase content, where reducing equilibration and gamma-Cu-9(Ga,In)(4) formation have previously been found to improve photovoltaic performance. C1 [Muzzillo, Christopher P.; Anderson, Timothy J.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Campbell, Carelyn E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. RP Muzzillo, CP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM muzzillo@ufl.edu; tim@ufl.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy under FPACE [DE-EE0005407]; Department of Energy FPACE [DE-EE0005407] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy under FPACE contract DE-EE0005407. The authors would like to thank GE for graciously providing bulk alloys and performing DSC, and Thermo-Calc Software and CompuTherm LLC for providing software. This study was funded by Department of Energy FPACE grant DE-EE0005407. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2016 VL 51 IS 7 BP 3362 EP 3379 DI 10.1007/s10853-015-9651-3 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DA8KS UT WOS:000368054100008 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Sharma, VK Borreguero, JM Tyagi, M AF Mamontov, E. Sharma, V. K. Borreguero, J. M. Tyagi, M. TI Protein-Style Dynamical Transition in a Non-Biological Polymer and a Non-Aqueous Solvent SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS POLYSTYRENE; HYDRATION WATER; FLUCTUATIONS; MOTIONS AB Temperature-dependent onset of apparent anharmonicity in the microscopic dynamics of hydrated proteins and other biomolecules has been known as protein dynamical transition for the last quarter of a century. Using neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation, techniques most often associated with protein dynamical transition studies, we have investigated the microscopic dynamics of one of the most common polymers, polystyrene, which was exposed to toluene vapor, mimicking the process of protein hydration from water vapor. Polystyrene with adsorbed toluene is an example of a solvent-solute system, which, unlike biopolymers, is anhydrous and lacks hydrogen bonding. Nevertheless, it exhibits the essential traits of the dynamical transition in biomolecules, such as a specific dependence of the microscopic dynamics of both solvent and host on the temperature and the amount of solvent adsorbed. We conclude that the protein dynamical transition is a manifestation of a universal solvent-solute dynamical relationship, which is not specific to either biomolecules as solute, or aqueous media as solvent, or even a particular type of interactions between solvent and solute. C1 [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sharma, V. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sharma, V. K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Borreguero, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mamontove@ornl.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Center for Accelerating Materials Modeling (CAMM) - U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Material Sciences and Engineering Division [FWP-3ERKCSNL]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The neutron scattering experiments on HFBS at NCNR were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The neutron scattering experiments on BASIS at SNS were supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. J.M.B. is supported by the Center for Accelerating Materials Modeling (CAMM) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Material Sciences and Engineering Division under FWP-3ERKCSNL. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Certain commercial material suppliers are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 12 BP 3232 EP 3239 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00866 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DI3RR UT WOS:000373416700025 PM 26977709 ER PT J AU Osterberg, C Fahlquist, H Haussermann, U Brown, CM Udovic, TJ Karlsson, M AF Osterberg, Carin Fahlquist, Henrik Haussermann, Ulrich Brown, Craig M. Udovic, Terrence J. Karlsson, Maths TI Dynamics of Pyramidal SiH3- Ions in ASiH(3) (A = K and Rb) Investigated with Quasielastic Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-STORAGE MATERIALS; BOROHYDRIDES MBH4 M; TETRAHYDROBORATE ANIONS; POTASSIUM SILANIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; LIBH4; SILYL; LITHIUM; KSIH3 AB The two alkali silanides ASiH(3) (A = K and Rb) were investigated by means of quasielastic neutron scattering, both below and above the order-disorder phase transition occurring at around 275-300 K. Measurements upon heating show that there is a large change in the dynamics on going through the phase transition, whereas measurements upon cooling reveal a strong hysteresis due to undercooling of the disordered phase. The results show that the dynamics is associated with rotational diffusion of SiH3- anions, adequately modeled by H-jumps among 24 different jump locations radially distributed around the Si atom. The average relaxation time between successive jumps is of the order of subpicoseconds and exhibits a weak temperature dependence with a small difference in activation energy between the two materials, 39(1) meV for KSiH3 and 33(1) meV for RbSiH3. The pronounced SiH3- dynamics explains the high entropy observed in the disordered phase resulting in the low entropy variation for hydrogen absorption/desorption and hence the origin of these materials' favorable hydrogen storage properties. C1 [Osterberg, Carin; Karlsson, Maths] Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Fahlquist, Henrik; Haussermann, Ulrich] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Brown, Craig M.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karlsson, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM maths.karlsson@chalmers.se RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [ICA10-0001]; Swedish Research Council [2010-3519]; U.S. DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; Chalmers Area of Advance in Materials Science; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This research was funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Grant No. ICA10-0001), the Swedish Research Council (Grant No. 2010-3519), and the U.S. DOE EERE (Grant No. DE-EE0002978). A travel grant by the Chalmers Area of Advance in Materials Science is also gratefully acknowledged. The NIST Center for Neutron Research is thanked for access to neutron beam facilities. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 12 BP 6369 EP 6376 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00363 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DI3RP UT WOS:000373416500009 ER PT J AU Turkovic, V Engmann, S Tsierkezos, N Hoppe, H Madsen, M Rubahn, HG Ritter, U Gobsch, G AF Turkovic, Vida Engmann, Sebastian Tsierkezos, Nikos Hoppe, Harald Madsen, Morten Rubahn, Horst-Guenter Ritter, Uwe Gobsch, Gerhard TI Long-term stabilization of organic solar cells using UV absorbers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lifetime; degradation; stabilization; ternary blend; UV screening; organic solar cells; Brazilian MRS ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; OXIDATION POTENTIALS; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES); ENCAPSULATION; STABILITY; LAYERS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOOXIDATION; IONIZATION; MECHANISMS AB We are reporting on the successful implementation of UV absorbers for the long-term stabilization of organic photovoltaic devices (OPV). A set of six commercially available representatives of main UV absorber classes, commonly used for insulating plastics, were ternary-blended into the active layer, and the OPV performances were recorded under International Summit on OPV Stability standards (ISOS-3) degradation conditions. An improvement in the long-term performance of the OPV devices, manifested in the accumulated power generation (APG) increase for over a factor of 3, was found for 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl) oxy]phenol. This improvement is governed by a significantly decreased PCE loss during the burn-in period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, used to trace chemical degradation over time, indicates that the stabilization of the active layer occurs due to a reduced formation of radicals facilitated by the UV screening properties of the additive. C1 [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Engmann, Sebastian; Hoppe, Harald; Gobsch, Gerhard] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany. [Tsierkezos, Nikos; Ritter, Uwe] Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Chem & Biotechnol, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. [Turkovic, Vida; Madsen, Morten; Rubahn, Horst-Guenter] Univ Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Inst, DK-6400 Sonderborg, Denmark. [Engmann, Sebastian] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Engmann, S (reprint author), Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Phys, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany.; Engmann, S (reprint author), Ilmenau Univ Technol, Inst Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98683 Ilmenau, Germany.; Engmann, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM engmann@mci.sdu.dk RI Hoppe, Harald/P-5293-2014; Madsen, Morten/K-8597-2012; OI Engmann, Vida/0000-0001-5608-1362; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-6503-0479 FU Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03X3516F]; Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N; Det Frie Forskningsrad FX The authors would like to thank Katrin Risch for recording the FTIR spectra and Doreen Schneider for additional CV measurements. We thankfully acknowledge Dr Solon Economopoulos for his valuable discussion on cyclic voltammetry. Financial support from the Federal State of Thuringia via the Landesgraduierten Stipendium, from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding research project EOS (Grant number 03X3516F), from Interreg 4A Syddanmark-Schleswig-K.E.R.N. for funding project eMotion, and Det Frie Forskningsrad for funding project StabilO is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 12 AR 125604 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/12/125604 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DF0QJ UT WOS:000371043700027 ER PT J AU Contento, NM Semancik, S AF Contento, Nicholas M. Semancik, Steve TI Thermal characteristics of temperature-controlled electrochemical microdevices SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Microheater; Temperature; Electrochemistry; Thermal imaging; Cyclic voltammetry ID GAS SENSOR ARRAY; HEATED ELECTRODES; MICROSENSORS; MICROELECTRODES; AMPLIFICATION; VOLTAMMETRY; BACKGROUNDS; ACTIVATION; SYSTEMS; CHIP AB The development of novel, miniaturized sensing systems is driven by the demand for better and faster chemical measurements with lower power consumption and smaller sample sizes. Emerging miniature sensors, or microsensors, also offer rapid thermal and diffusive transport characteristics. For instance, temperature changes, during both heating and cooling, can be achieved on micrometer-scale surfaces much more rapidly than on bulk, macro-scale surfaces. While these rapid thermal characteristics have been most successfully exploited to date in gas-phase sensing devices, the prospect of developing analogous microfabricated, temperature-controlled microsensors for use in aqueous, or solution-phase, environments has been less explored. In this work, electrodes with underlying microheaters were designed and fabricated, and thermal characterization was performed using temperature imaging, transient temperature measurements, and theoretical modeling to determine temperature distributions and thermal response times in both gas- and solution-phase environments. These results will guide the development of solution-phase electrochemical sensors. Temperature-controlled electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry of a model analyte, hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride, to demonstrate the use of the multilayer, microfabricated devices, which consisted of a gold disk electrode and an underlying microheater. Electrochemical signals were enhanced by up to a factor of three at elevated temperatures (up to 81 degrees C) compared to those measured at room temperature (21 degrees C). This improved signal at elevated temperatures was explained by finite element method calculations that accounted for both temperature-dependent diffusion and thermal convection near the heated electrode surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Contento, Nicholas M.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Contento, NM (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.contento@nist.gov FU National Research Council-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Postdoctoral Associateship Program; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab at NIST FX NMC acknowledges funding through an award from the National Research Council-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Postdoctoral Associateship Program. We thank M. Carrier and C. Montgomery for helpful discussions and assistance with microfabrication tools and techniques. We acknowledge technical support from the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab at NIST. We also thank B. Lane of the NIST Intelligent Systems Division for assistance with IR thermal imaging and suggestions about the IR temperature calibration method used in this work. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 225 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CY9XK UT WOS:000366759500035 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI An Evaluation of Gas Phase Enthalpies of Formation for Hydrogen-Oxygen (HxOy) Species SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ab initio thermochemistry; atomization energies; bond dissociation energies; enthalpy of formation; hydrogen-oxygen species; thermochemical network; thermodynamic properties ID ACTIVE THERMOCHEMICAL TABLES; COMPLETE BASIS-SET; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; INFRARED ACTION SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO THERMOCHEMISTRY; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; ELECTRONIC GROUND-STATE; ROTATIONALLY RESOLVED PHOTOIONIZATION; COUPLED-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES AB We have compiled gas phase enthalpies of formation for nine hydrogen-oxygen species (HxOy) and selected recommended values for H, O, OH, H2O, HO2, H2O2, O-3, HO3, and H2O3. The compilation consists of values derived from experimental measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and prior evaluations. This work updates the recommended values in the NIST-JANAF (1985) and Gurvich et al. (1989) thermochemical tables for seven species. For two species, HO3 and H2O3 (important in atmospheric chemistry) and not found in prior thermochemical evaluations, we also provide supplementary data consisting of molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, and torsional potentials which can be used to compute thermochemical functions. For all species, we also provide supplementary data consisting of zero point energies, vibrational frequencies, and ion reaction energetics. C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burgess, DR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.burgess@nist.gov NR 294 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 16 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 108 EP 138 DI 10.6028/jres.121.005 PG 31 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5BB UT WOS:000379218300001 ER PT J AU Samant, SP Grabowski, CA Kisslinger, K Yager, KG Yuan, GC Satija, SK Durstock, MF Raghavan, D Karim, A AF Samant, Saumil P. Grabowski, Christopher A. Kisslinger, Kim Yager, Kevin G. Yuan, Guangcui Satija, Sushil K. Durstock, Michael F. Raghavan, Dharmaraj Karim, Alamgir TI Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for High Breakdown Strength Polymer Film Capacitors SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE block copolymer; directed self-assembly; cold zone annealing soft-shear; lamellae; breakdown strength; barrier effect; dielectric; capacitor ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; SOLID DIELECTRICS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ENERGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; ALIGNMENT; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE AB Emerging needs for fast charge/discharge yet high-power, lightweight, and flexible electronics requires the use of polymer-film-based solid-state capacitors with high energy densities. Fast charge/discharge rates of film capacitors on the order of microseconds are not achievable with slower charging conventional batteries, supercapacitors and related hybrid technologies. However, the current energy densities of polymer film capacitors fall short of rising demand, and could be significantly enhanced by increasing the breakdown strength (E-BD) and dielectric permittivity (epsilon(r)) of the polymer films. Co-extruded two-homopolymer component multilayered films have demonstrated much promise in this regard showing higher E-BD over that of component polymers. Multilayered films can also help incorporate functional features besides energy storage, such as enhanced optical, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. In this work, we report accomplishing multilayer, multicomponent block copolymer dielectric films (BCDF) with soft-shear driven highly oriented self-assembled lamellar diblock copolymers (BCP) as a novel application of this important class of self-assembling materials. Results of a model PS-b-PMMA system show similar to 50% enhancement in E-BD of self-assembled multilayer lamellar BCP films compared to unordered as-cast films, indicating that the breakdown is highly sensitive to the nanostructure of the BCP. The enhancement in E-BD is attributed to the "barrier effect", where the multiple interfaces between the lamellae block components act as barriers to the dielectric breakdown through the film. The increase in E-BD corresponds to more than doubling the energy storage capacity using a straightforward directed self-assembly strategy. This approach opens a new nanomaterial paradigm for designing high energy density dielectric materials. C1 [Samant, Saumil P.; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Grabowski, Christopher A.; Durstock, Michael F.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kisslinger, Kim; Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, Guangcui; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raghavan, Dharmaraj] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0306]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1006421] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract No. FA9550-12-1-0306 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) via Grant DMR-1006421. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 19 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 12 BP 7966 EP 7976 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11851 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DI5DQ UT WOS:000373519500043 PM 26942835 ER PT J AU Hume, DB Leibrandt, DR AF Hume, David B. Leibrandt, David R. TI Probing beyond the laser coherence time in optical clock comparisons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; LATTICE CLOCKS; INSTABILITY; CONSTANTS; CAVITY; NOISE; 2ND AB We develop differential measurement protocols that circumvent the laser noise limit in the stability of optical clock comparisons by synchronous probing of two clocks using phase-locked local oscillators. This allows for probe times longer than the laser coherence time, avoids the Dick effect, and supports Heisenberg-limited measurement precision. We present protocols for such frequency comparisons and develop numerical simulations of the protocols with realistic noise sources. These methods provide a route to reduce frequency ratio measurement durations by more than an order of magnitude. C1 [Hume, David B.; Leibrandt, David R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hume, DB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.hume@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX We thank T. Rosenband and D. Wineland for useful discussions related to this work. We also thank K. Beloy and E. Knill for critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research. This work is a contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 032138 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.032138 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DH9FH UT WOS:000373101300003 ER PT J AU Docaj, A Wall, ML Mukherjee, R Hazzard, KRA AF Docaj, Andris Wall, Michael L. Mukherjee, Rick Hazzard, Kaden R. A. TI Ultracold Nonreactive Molecules in an Optical Lattice: Connecting Chemistry to Many-Body Physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE MOLECULES; POLAR-MOLECULES; QUANTUM GAS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; ATOMS; COLD; TEMPERATURES AB We derive effective lattice models for ultracold bosonic or fermionic nonreactive molecules (NRMs) in an optical lattice, analogous to the Hubbard model that describes ultracold atoms in a lattice. In stark contrast to the Hubbard model, which is commonly assumed to accurately describe NRMs, we find that the single on-site interaction parameter U is replaced by a multichannel interaction, whose properties we elucidate. Because this arises from complex short-range collisional physics, it requires no dipolar interactions and thus occurs even in the absence of an electric field or for homonuclear molecules. We find a crossover between coherent few-channel models and fully incoherent single-channel models as the lattice depth is increased. We show that the effective model parameters can be determined in lattice modulation experiments, which, consequently, measure molecular collision dynamics with a vastly sharper energy resolution than experiments in a free-space ultracold gas. C1 [Docaj, Andris; Mukherjee, Rick; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Docaj, Andris; Mukherjee, Rick; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Rice Univ, Rice Ctr Quantum Mat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Rice Ctr Quantum Mat, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kaden.hazzard@gmail.com FU Welch foundation [C-1872]; NRC FX We thank John Bohn, Brandon Ruzic, Svetlana Kotochigova, Michael Foss-Feig, Ana Maria Rey, Daniel Sheehy, Shah Alam, and Ian White for useful discussions. K. R. A. H. acknowledges the Aspen Center for Physics for its hospitality while part of this work was performed. This work was supported with funds from the Welch foundation, Grant No. C-1872. M. L. W. acknowledges support from the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 13 AR 135301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.135301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DH9EP UT WOS:000373099500010 PM 27081984 ER PT J AU Kim, G Ahn, JB Kryjov, VN Sohn, SJ Yun, WT Graham, R Kolli, RK Kumar, A Ceron, JP AF Kim, Gayoung Ahn, Joong-Bae Kryjov, Vladimir N. Sohn, Soo-Jin Yun, Won-Tae Graham, Richard Kolli, Rupa K. Kumar, Arun Ceron, Jean-Pierre TI Global and regional skill of the seasonal predictions by WMO Lead Centre for Long-Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WMO; long-range forecasts; Global Producing Centres; Lead Centre; seasonal forecasts; multi-model ensemble; WMO LC-LRFMME ID TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE FILTER; SUPERENSEMBLE; IMPROVEMENT; PRECIPITATION; DEMETER; WEATHER; SYSTEM AB The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Lead Centre for Long-Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble (WMO LC-LRFMME) has been established to collect and share long-range forecasts from the WMO designated Global Producing Centres (GPC). In this study, the seasonal skill of the deterministic multi-model prediction of GPCs in WMO LC-LRFMME is investigated. The GPC models included in the analysis cover 30 years of common hindcast period from 1981 to 2010 and real-time forecast for the period from DJF2011/2012 to SON2014. The equal-weighted multi-model ensemble (MME) method is used to produce the MME forecast. We show that the GPC models generally capture the observed climatological patterns and seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation. However, some systematic biases/errors in simulation of the climatological mean patterns and zonal mean profiles are also found, most of which are located in mid-latitudes or high latitudes. The temporal correlation coefficients both of 2 m temperature and precipitation in the tropical region (especially over the ocean) exceed 95%, but drop gradually towards high latitudes and are even negative in the polar region for precipitation. The prediction skills of individual models and the MME over 13 regional climate outlook forum (RCOF) regions for four calendar seasons are also assessed. The prediction skills vary with season and region, with the highest skill being demonstrated by the MME forecasts for the regions of the tropical RCOFs. These predictions are strongly affected by the ENSO over Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia and Central America. Additionally, Southeast of South America and North Eurasian regions show relatively low skills for all seasons when compared to other regions. C1 [Kim, Gayoung; Kryjov, Vladimir N.; Sohn, Soo-Jin] APEC Climate Ctr, Climate Res Dept, 12 Centum 7 Ro, Busan 612020, South Korea. [Kim, Gayoung; Ahn, Joong-Bae] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. [Yun, Won-Tae] Natl Typhoon Ctr, Korea Meteorol Adm, Seogwipo, South Korea. [Graham, Richard] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Monthly Decadal Predict, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kolli, Rupa K.] World Meteorol Org, World Climate Applicat & Serv Div, Geneva, Switzerland. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Ceron, Jean-Pierre] Meteo France, Direct Climatol, Toulouse, France. RP Kryjov, VN (reprint author), APEC Climate Ctr, Climate Res Dept, 12 Centum 7 Ro, Busan 612020, South Korea. EM kryjov@yahoo.co.uk FU APEC Climate Center; Rural Development Administration cooperative Research Program for Agriculture and Technology Development [PJ009953]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development [KMIPA2015-2081]; Republic of Korea FX The authors appreciate the participating institutes of the WMO LC-LRFMME multi-model ensemble operational system for providing hindcast and forecast experimental data. G. Kim, V. Kryjov and S.-J. Sohn received support from the APEC Climate Center. The NCEP-DOE reanalysis 2 used in the study was obtained from the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The CAMS OPI monthly estimates were acquired from the NOAA/CPC ftp site (ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/precip/data-req/cams_opi_v0208). This work was conducted with the support of the Rural Development Administration cooperative Research Program for Agriculture and Technology Development under Grant No. PJ009953, Republic of Korea, and the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA2015-2081. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1657 EP 1675 DI 10.1002/joc.4449 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG4IV UT WOS:000372036800007 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Fulton, EA Brainard, RE AF Weijerman, Mariska Fulton, Elizabeth A. Brainard, Russell E. TI Management Strategy Evaluation Applied to Coral Reef Ecosystems in Support of Ecosystem-Based Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; BENEFITS; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE; STRESSORS; DIVERSITY; SERVICES; DECLINE AB Ecosystem modelling is increasingly used to explore ecosystem-level effects of changing environmental conditions and management actions. For coral reefs there has been increasing interest in recent decades in the use of ecosystem models for evaluating the effects of fishing and the efficacy of marine protected areas. However, ecosystem models that integrate physical forcings, biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, and human induced perturbations are still underdeveloped. We applied an ecosystem model (Atlantis) to the coral reef ecosystem of Guam using a suite of management scenarios prioritized in consultation with local resource managers to review the effects of each scenario on performance measures related to the ecosystem, the reef-fish fishery (e.g., fish landings) and coral habitat. Comparing tradeoffs across the selected scenarios showed that each scenario performed best for at least one of the selected performance indicators. The integrated 'full regulation' scenario outperformed other scenarios with four out of the six performance metrics at the cost of reef-fish landings. This model application quantifies the socio-ecological costs and benefits of alternative management scenarios. When the effects of climate change were taken into account, several scenarios performed equally well, but none prevented a collapse in coral biomass over the next few decades assuming a business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions scenario. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Weijerman, Mariska; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosystem Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Weijerman, M (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands.; Weijerman, M (reprint author), NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosystem Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008 OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA FX Funding was provided to MW though the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; Funding was provided to MW through NOAA. We gratefully acknowledge the staff of NOAA PIFSC CREP and PIRO Habitat Division, and staff of Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, Coastal Management Program and Guam University for their contributions in data and/or discussions. We further would like to acknowledge Ivor Williams, Adel Heenan, John Rooney, Brett Taylor for their improvements to the manuscript. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 29 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0152577 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0152577 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH9KB UT WOS:000373113900080 PM 27023183 ER PT J AU Sumino, Y Yamada, NL Nagao, M Honda, T Kitahata, H Melnichenko, YB Seto, H AF Sumino, Yutaka Yamada, Norifumi L. Nagao, Michihiro Honda, Takuya Kitahata, Hiroyuki Melnichenko, Yuri B. Seto, Hideki TI Mechanism of Spontaneous Blebbing Motion of an Oil-Water Interface: Elastic Stress Generated by a Lamellar-Lamellar Transition SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL; SURFACTANT; CHLORIDE; SYSTEM AB A quaternary system composed of surfactant, cosurfactant, oil, and water showing spontaneous motion of the oil-water interface-under far-from-equilibrium condition is studied in order to understand nanometer-scale structures and their roles in spontaneous motion. The interfacial motion is characterized by the repetitive. extension and retraction of spherical protrusions at the interface, i.e, blebbing motion. During, the, blebbing motion, elastic aggregates are accumulated, which were characterized as surfactant lamellar structures with mean repeat distances d of 25 to 40 nm. Still unclear is the relationship between the structure formation and, the dynamics of the interfacial motion. In the present study, we find that a new lamellar structure with d larger than. 80 run is formed at. the blebbing oil-water interface,. while the resultant elastic aggregates, which are the one reported before, have a lamellar structure with smaller d (25 to 40 nm). Such transition of lamellar structures from the larger d to smaller d is induced by a penetration of surfactants from an aqueous phase into the aggregates. We propose a model in which elastic stress generated by the transition-drives the blebbing motion at the interface. The present results explain the link between nanometer-scale transition of lamellar structure and millimeter-scale dynamics at an oil water interface. C1 [Sumino, Yutaka] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1258585, Japan. [Yamada, Norifumi L.; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, KENS&CMRC, Tokai, Ibaraki 3190016, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Honda, Takuya] Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Educ, Kariya, Aichi 4488542, Japan. [Kitahata, Hiroyuki] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Chiba, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sumino, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1258585, Japan. EM ysumino@rs.tus.ac.jp RI Kitahata, Hiroyuki/E-8635-2015; OI Kitahata, Hiroyuki/0000-0003-3453-9883; Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 FU JSPS [24740287]; U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB10H255]; Scientific User Facilities Division, office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B by JSPS to Y.S. (No. 24740287) and by the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering, and also performed under the Cooperative Research Program of "Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices." M.N. acknowledges the funding support of cooperative agreement 70NANB10H255 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors wish to thank M. Hishida (University of Tsukuba) for helpful discussions. The SAXS analyses were performed under the approval of the Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (Proposal Nos. 2013G530 and 2013G525). The authors also extend special thanks to N. Igarashi and N. Shimizu (Photon Factory, KEK) for their invaluable assistance in obtaining data from beamline BL6A. The SANS analyses were performed under the approval of the HFIR (Cycle 445 CG-2; IPTS-7094). The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 29 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2891 EP 2899 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00107 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DI1HO UT WOS:000373247400006 PM 26938640 ER PT J AU Le, G Luhr, H Anderson, BJ Strangeway, RJ Russell, CT Singer, H Slavin, JA Zhang, Y Huang, T Bromund, K Chi, PJ Lu, G Fischer, D Kepko, EL Leinweber, HK Magnes, W Nakamura, R Plaschke, F Park, J Rauberg, J Stolle, C Torbert, RB AF Le, G. Luehr, H. Anderson, B. J. Strangeway, R. J. Russell, C. T. Singer, H. Slavin, J. A. Zhang, Y. Huang, T. Bromund, K. Chi, P. J. Lu, G. Fischer, D. Kepko, E. L. Leinweber, H. K. Magnes, W. Nakamura, R. Plaschke, F. Park, J. Rauberg, J. Stolle, C. Torbert, R. B. TI Magnetopause erosion during the 17 March 2015 magnetic storm: Combined field-aligned currents, auroral oval, and magnetopause observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE magnetopause erosion; magnetic reconnection; field-aligned currents; Birkland currents; auroral oval; solar wind-magnetosphere interaction ID SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSPHERE; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; MAGNETOMETER DATA; FLUX TRANSFER; SHAPE; LOCATION; SYSTEM; MOTION; ANGLE AB We present multimission observations of field-aligned currents, auroral oval, and magnetopause crossings during the 17 March 2015 magnetic storm. Dayside reconnection is expected to transport magnetic flux, strengthen field-aligned currents, lead to polar cap expansion and magnetopause erosion. Our multimission observations assemble evidence for all these manifestations. After a prolonged period of strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field, Swarm and AMPERE observe significant intensification of field-aligned currents. The dayside auroral oval, as seen by DMSP, appears as a thin arc associated with ongoing dayside reconnection. Both the field-aligned currents and the auroral arc move equatorward reaching as low as similar to 60 degrees magnetic latitude. Strong magnetopause erosion is evident in the in situ measurements of the magnetopause crossings by GOES 13/15 and MMS. The coordinated Swarm, AMPERE, DMSP, MMS and GOES observations, with both global and in situ coverage of the key regions, provide a clear demonstration of the effects of dayside reconnection on the entire magnetosphere. C1 [Le, G.; Bromund, K.; Kepko, E. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luehr, H.; Huang, T.; Rauberg, J.; Stolle, C.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. [Anderson, B. J.; Zhang, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C. T.; Chi, P. J.; Leinweber, H. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys & Earth, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C. T.; Chi, P. J.; Leinweber, H. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Slavin, J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lu, G.] UCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Fischer, D.; Magnes, W.; Nakamura, R.; Plaschke, F.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Park, J.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejeon, South Korea. [Torbert, R. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Guan.Le@nasa.gov RI Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016 OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662 FU NSF [ATM-0739864, ATM-1420184] FX We thank O. Le Contel and S. Petrinec for useful discussions. AMPERE development, data acquisition, and science processing were supported by NSF awards ATM-0739864 and ATM-1420184 to JHU/APL, and all products used here are available via http://ampere.jhuapl.edu. We thank the JHU/APL SSUSI team for providing the DMSP F18 SSUSI auroral data. The European Space Agency is acknowledged for providing the Swarm data. The Swarm data used in this paper are freely accessible at https://earth.esa.int/guest/swarm/data-access. We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's CDAWeb service for obtaining the ACE interplanetary magnetic field data, ACE solar wind plasma data, and the SYM-H index. We acknowledge use of NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center for obtaining GOES magnetometer data. We thank the entire team of NASA's MMS mission for the dedication and expertise in its successful development and operations. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2396 EP 2404 DI 10.1002/2016GL068257 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200008 ER PT J AU Maruyama, N Sun, YY Richards, PG Middlecoff, J Fang, TW Fuller-Rowell, TJ Akmaev, RA Liu, JY Valladares, CE AF Maruyama, Naomi Sun, Yang-Yi Richards, Phillip G. Middlecoff, Jacques Fang, Tzu-Wei Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J. Akmaev, Rashid A. Liu, Jaun-Yeng Valladares, Cesar E. TI A new source of the midlatitude ionospheric peak density structure revealed by a new Ionosphere-Plasmasphere model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE midlatitude ionosphere; new plasma density peak; new ionosphere model ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; ATMOSPHERE; WINDS AB The newly developed Ionosphere-Plasmasphere (IP) model has revealed neutral winds as a primary source of the third-peak density structure in the daytime global ionosphere that has been observed by the low-latitude ionospheric sensor network GPS total electron content measurements over South America. This third peak is located near -30 degrees magnetic latitude and is clearly separate from the conventional twin equatorial ionization anomaly peaks. The IP model reproduces the global electron density structure as observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission. The model reveals that the third peak is mainly created by the prevailing neutral meridional wind, which flows from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere lifting the plasma along magnetic field lines to higher altitudes where recombination is slower. The same prevailing wind that increases the midlatitude density decreases the low-latitude density in the summer hemisphere by counteracting the equatorial fountain flow. The longitudinal variation of the three-peak structure is explained by the displacement between the geographic and geomagnetic equators. C1 [Maruyama, Naomi; Sun, Yang-Yi; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maruyama, Naomi; Sun, Yang-Yi; Fang, Tzu-Wei; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.; Akmaev, Rashid A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Sun, Yang-Yi; Liu, Jaun-Yeng] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Richards, Phillip G.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Middlecoff, Jacques] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Middlecoff, Jacques] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Valladares, Cesar E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Maruyama, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Maruyama, N (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM naomi.maruyama@noaa.gov RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-1103149, ATM-1042258, ATM-1452298]; NASA [NNX13AF77G, NNX16AB83G, NNX15AI90G]; Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) [NSC 102-2628-M-008-001]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8718-09-C-0041]; NSF [ATM-1135675, ATM-1242476]; NASA LWS [NNX11AP02G] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF grant ATM-1103149, ATM-1042258, and ATM-1452298), NASA awards NNX13AF77G and NNX16AB83G to the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) grant NSC 102-2628-M-008-001. The authors thank COSMIC Data Analysis and Archival Center (CDAAC) and Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC) for making the F3/C data available online. Cesar E. Valladares was partially supported by Air Force Research Laboratory contract FA8718-09-C-0041, NSF grants ATM-1135675 and ATM-1242476, and NASA LWS grant NNX11AP02G. Phillip G. Richards was supported by NASA grant NNX15AI90G to George Mason University. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2429 EP 2435 DI 10.1002/2015GL067312 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200012 ER PT J AU Baddock, MC Ginoux, P Bullard, JE Gill, TE AF Baddock, Matthew C. Ginoux, Paul Bullard, Joanna E. Gill, Thomas E. TI Do MODIS-defined dust sources have a geomorphological signature? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aerosol; dust; MODIS; geomorphology ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; MOJAVE DESERT; IMPACTS; COVER; USA; DEPOSITION; CALIFORNIA; PARTICLES; SYSTEM; STORM AB The preferential dust source (PDS) scheme enables large-scale mapping of geomorphology in terms of importance for dust emissions but has not been independently tested other than at local scales. We examine the PDS qualitative conceptual model of surface emissivity alongside a quantitative measurement of dust loading from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Collection 6 for the Chihuahuan Desert. The predicted ranked importance of each geomorphic type for dust emissions is compared with the actual ranked importance as determined from the satellite-derived dust loading. For this region, the predicted variability and magnitude of dust emissions from most surface types present coincides with the observed characteristics demonstrating the significance of geomorphological controls on emission. The exception is for areas of low magnitude but persistent emissions such as alluvial surfaces where PDS overpredicts dustiness. As PDS is a good predictor of emissions and incorporates surface dynamics it could improve models of future dust emissions. C1 [Baddock, Matthew C.; Bullard, Joanna E.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. [Ginoux, Paul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gill, Thomas E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gill, Thomas E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Baddock, MC (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England. EM m.c.baddock@lboro.ac.uk RI Baddock, Matthew/A-5739-2012; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; OI Baddock, Matthew/0000-0003-1490-7511; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 FU NOAA R2O NGGPS grant; NOAA [NA17AE1623, NA17AE1625] FX Partially supported by a NOAA R2O NGGPS grant (P.G.) and NOAA cooperative agreements NA17AE1623 and NA17AE1625 (T.G.). The authors are grateful to Miguel Dominguez Acosta for discussions. MODIS C6 Deep Blue is available at the Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov). We thank Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando and an anonymous reviewer for comments. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2606 EP 2613 DI 10.1002/2015GL067327 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200034 ER PT J AU Kieber, DJ Keene, WC Frossard, AA Long, MS Maben, JR Russell, LM Kinsey, JD Tyssebotn, IMB Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Kieber, David J. Keene, William C. Frossard, Amanda A. Long, Michael S. Maben, John R. Russell, Lynn M. Kinsey, Joanna D. Tyssebotn, Inger Marie B. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. TI Coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE photochemistry; Sargasso; marine aerosol; marine carbon cycle; marine surfactant; DOC ID SEA-SPRAY AEROSOL; SIDE-SCAN SONAR; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MATTER ENRICHMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BREAKING WAVES; SIZE; SALT; EMISSIONS; SEAWATER AB The oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon, nearly all of which is dissolved and more than 95% is refractory, cycling through the oceans several times before complete removal. The vast reservoir of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle that is relevant to our understanding of fundamental marine biogeochemical processes and the role of the oceans in climate change with respect to long-term storage and sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Here we show that RDOC includes surface-active organic matter that can be incorporated into primary marine aerosol produced by bursting bubbles at the sea surface. We propose that this process will deliver RDOC from the sea surface to the atmosphere wherein its photochemical oxidation corresponds to a potentially important and hitherto unknown removal mechanism for marine RDOC. C1 [Kieber, David J.; Kinsey, Joanna D.; Tyssebotn, Inger Marie B.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY USA. [Keene, William C.; Maben, John R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Frossard, Amanda A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Michael S.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kinsey, Joanna D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kieber, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY USA. EM djkieber@esf.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0948216, OCE-1129896]; University of Virginia [OCE-0948420, OCE-1129836]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography [OCE-1129580]; Harvard University [AGS-1252755]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program FX Data and analyses reported in this study are available upon request from the authors. We thank G. Henderson, D. Coffman, K. Schulz, D. Hamilton, J. Johnson, and M. Haserodt for their assistance in sample collection and analysis; V. Trainer for the loan and calibration of the fluorometer; X. Lopez-Yglesias and F. Brechtel of Brechtel Manufacturing for their timely assistance with data inversions; and the captains and crews of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown and the UNOLS R/V Atlantis for logistical support; and to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation through awards to the State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (OCE-0948216 and OCE-1129896), University of Virginia (OCE-0948420 and OCE-1129836), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (OCE-1129580), and Harvard University (AGS-1252755). Additional support was provided by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2765 EP 2772 DI 10.1002/2016GL068273 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200053 ER PT J AU Guzman-Morales, J Gershunov, A Theiss, J Li, HQ Cayan, D AF Guzman-Morales, Janin Gershunov, Alexander Theiss, Jurgen Li, Haiqin Cayan, Daniel TI Santa Ana Winds of Southern California: Their climatology, extremes, and behavior spanning six and a half decades SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Santa Ana Winds; regional weather; extremes; climate variability ID VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS; REGIMES AB Santa Ana Winds (SAWs) are an integral feature of the regional climate of Southern California/Northern Baja California region, but their climate-scale behavior is poorly understood. In the present work, we identify SAWs in mesoscale dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis from 1948 to 2012. Model winds are validated with anemometer observations. SAWs exhibit an organized pattern with strongest easterly winds on westward facing downwind slopes and muted magnitudes at sea and over desert lowlands. We construct hourly local and regional SAW indices and analyze elements of their behavior on daily, annual, and multidecadal timescales. SAWs occurrences peak in winter, but some of the strongest winds have occurred in fall. Finally, we observe that SAW intensity is influenced by prominent large-scale low-frequency modes of climate variability rooted in the tropical and north Pacific ocean-atmosphere system. C1 [Guzman-Morales, Janin; Gershunov, Alexander; Cayan, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Theiss, Jurgen] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA USA. [Li, Haiqin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Haiqin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cayan, Daniel] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Guzman-Morales, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jguzmanmorales@ucsd.edu FU CONACYT-UCMEXUS [214550]; Climate Education Partners, a National Science Foundation [DUE-1239797]; NOAA's California and Nevada Applications Program [NA11OAR43101] FX We are grateful to CONACYT-UCMEXUS (http://ucmexus.ucr.edu/) for providing financial support to Janin Guzman-Morales (scholar 214550). We also appreciate support from Climate Education Partners, a National Science Foundation funded project DUE-1239797 (www.sandiego.edu/climate). This study also contributes to DOI's Southwest Climate Science Center activities and NOAA's California and Nevada Applications Program award NA11OAR43101. The derived gridded data of local SAWs as well as the SAWRI can be accessed at http://cnap.ucsd.edu/data/janin/. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2827 EP 2834 DI 10.1002/2016GL067887 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200060 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Zhou, WY Held, IM Zhao, M AF Merlis, Timothy M. Zhou, Wenyu Held, Isaac M. Zhao, Ming TI Surface temperature dependence of tropical cyclone-permitting simulations in a spherical model with uniform thermal forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; climate ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; GCM; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGY; PHYSICS AB Tropical cyclone (TC)-permitting general circulation model simulations are performed with spherical geometry and uniform thermal forcing, including uniform sea surface temperature (SST) and insolation. The dependence of the TC number and TC intensity on SST is examined in a series of simulations with varied SST. The results are compared to corresponding simulations with doubly periodic f-plane geometry, rotating radiative convective equilibrium. The turbulent equilibria in simulations with spherical geometry have an inhomogenous distribution of TCs with the density of TCs increasing from low to high latitudes. The preferred region of TC genesis is the subtropics, but genesis shifts poleward and becomes less frequent with increasing SST. Both rotating radiative convective equilibrium and spherical geometry simulations have decreasing TC number and increasing TC intensity as SST is increased. C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Zhou, Wenyu] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhao, Ming] UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM timothy.merlis@mcgill.ca RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU DOE [DE-SC0006841]; Compute Canada; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2014-05416] FX We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and are grateful for the support of DOE grant DE-SC0006841, Compute Canada, and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council grant RGPIN-2014-05416. T.M. thanks Ian Eisenman for his encouragement and Morgan O'Neill for her helpful discussions. The model source code and simulation results are available upon request. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2859 EP 2865 DI 10.1002/2016GL067730 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200064 ER PT J AU Rollins, AW Thornberry, TD Gao, RS Woods, S Lawson, RP Bui, TP Jensen, EJ Fahey, DW AF Rollins, A. W. Thornberry, T. D. Gao, R. S. Woods, S. Lawson, R. P. Bui, T. P. Jensen, E. J. Fahey, D. W. TI Observational constraints on the efficiency of dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cirrus; dehydration; TTL; stratospheric water vapor ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; HOMOGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; CRYSTAL NUMBERS; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; PROBE AB The efficiency of dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) determines how closely water vapor will be reduced to the lowest saturation mixing ratio encountered along a trajectory to the stratosphere, thereby strongly influencing stratospheric humidity. The NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) provided an unprecedented number and quality of in situ observations to constrain the key mechanisms controlling this dehydration. Statistical analyses of the ATTREX data show that nucleation, growth, and sedimentation each result in TTL dehydration becoming increasingly inefficient at temperatures below 200K. Because of these inefficiencies, models that ignore these mechanisms likely underestimate water vapor at the stratospheric entry point by 10-20% at the lowest temperatures. C1 [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Woods, S.; Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Bui, T. P.; Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Rollins, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Rollins, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Andrew.Rollins@noaa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry; Carbon Cycle; Climate Program; NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX We thank the Armstrong Flight Research Center Global Hawk crew and pilots for making these measurements possible. This research was funded by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program, the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. Data used in this analysis are archived by NASA (https://espoarchive.nasa.gov/archive/browse/attrex). NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2912 EP 2918 DI 10.1002/2016GL067972 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200071 ER PT J AU Guan, B Waliser, DE Ralph, FM Fetzer, EJ Neiman, PJ AF Guan, Bin Waliser, Duane E. Ralph, F. Martin Fetzer, Eric J. Neiman, Paul J. TI Hydrometeorological characteristics of rain-on-snow events associated with atmospheric rivers SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric rivers; rain-on-snow; hydrometeorological characteristics ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SIERRA-NEVADA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; LANDFALLS; IMPACTS; SEASON; RADAR AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow, elongated, synoptic corridors of enhanced water vapor transport that play an important role in regional weather/hydrology. Rain-on-snow (ROS) events during ARs present enhanced flood risks due to the combined effects of rainfall and snowmelt. Focusing on California's Sierra Nevada, the study identifies ROS occurrences and their connection with ARs during the 1998-2014 winters. AR conditions, which occur during 17% of all precipitation events, are associated with 50% of ROS events (25 of 50). Composite analysis shows that compared to ARs without ROS, ARs with ROS are on average warmer by 2K, with snow water equivalent loss of 0.7cm/d (providing 20% of the combined water available for runoff) and 50% larger streamflow/precipitation ratios. Atmospheric Infrared Sounder retrievals reveal distinct offshore characteristics of the two types of ARs. The results highlight the potential value of observing these events for snow, rain, and flood prediction. C1 [Guan, Bin; Waliser, Duane E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Guan, Bin; Waliser, Duane E.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Ralph, F. Martin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Guan, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.; Guan, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM bin.guan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010 FU NASA Energy and Water cycle Study (NEWS) program; California Department of Water Resources FX This research was supported by the NASA Energy and Water cycle Study (NEWS) program and the California Department of Water Resources. D.E. W.'s and E.J.F.'s contributions to this study were carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and F.M.R.'s at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2964 EP 2973 DI 10.1002/2016GL067978 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200077 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Lita, AE Stevens, MJ Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Lita, A. E. Stevens, M. J. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI Athermal avalanche in bilayer superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME AB We demonstrate that two superconducting nanowires separated by a thin insulating barrier can undergo an avalanche process. In this process, Joule heating caused by a photodetection event in one nanowire and the associated production of athermal phonons which are transmitted through the barrier cause the transition of the adjacent nanowire from the superconducting to the normal state. We show that this process can be utilized in the fabrication of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, reduce system jitter, maximize device area, and increase the external efficiency over a very broad range of wavelengths. Furthermore, the avalanche mechanism may provide a path towards a superconducting logic element based on athermal gating. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Lita, A. E.; Stevens, M. J.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov FU DARPA InPho program; QUINESS program FX NIST funding provided by the DARPA InPho and QUINESS programs. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 13 AR 131108 DI 10.1063/1.4945595 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI6IC UT WOS:000373601400008 ER PT J AU Gaury, B Haney, PM AF Gaury, Benoit Haney, Paul M. TI Probing surface recombination velocities in semiconductors using two-photon microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; SOLAR-CELLS; DECAY; BULK; FILM AB The determination of minority-carrier lifetimes and surface recombination velocities is essential for the development of semiconductor technologies such as solar cells. The recent development of two-photon time-resolved microscopy allows for better measurements of bulk and subsurface interfaces properties. Here, we analyze the diffusion problem related to this optical technique. Our three-dimensional treatment enables us to separate lifetime (recombination) from transport effects (diffusion) in the photoluminescence intensity. It also allows us to consider surface recombination occurring at a variety of geometries: a single plane (representing an isolated exposed or buried interface), a two parallel planes (representing two inequivalent interfaces), and a spherical surface (representing the enclosing surface of a grain boundary). We provide fully analytical results and scalings directly amenable to data fitting and apply those to experimental data collected on heteroepitaxial CdTe/ZnTe/Si. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gaury, Benoit; Haney, Paul M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gaury, Benoit] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gaury, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Gaury, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors thank D. Kuciauskas for providing the experimental data used in Sec. III. B.G. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 12 AR 125105 DI 10.1063/1.4944597 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI6II UT WOS:000373602000050 ER PT J AU Fellmuth, B Fischer, J Machin, G Picard, S Steur, PPM Tamura, O White, DR Yoon, H AF Fellmuth, B. Fischer, J. Machin, G. Picard, S. Steur, P. P. M. Tamura, O. White, D. R. Yoon, H. TI The kelvin redefinition and its mise en pratique SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE International System of Units; kelvin; mise en pratique; temperature; temperature scale; thermodynamic temperature ID SENSING NOISE THERMOMETRY; ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY; TEMPERATURE SCALE; GAS THERMOMETRY; PLTS-2000; CONSTANT AB In 2018, it is expected that there will be a major revision of the International System of Units (SI) which will result in all of the seven base units being defined by fixing the values of certain atomic or fundamental constants. As part of this revision, the kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, will be redefined by assigning a value to the Boltzmann constant k. This explicit-constant definition will define the kelvin in terms of the SI derived unit of energy, the joule. It is sufficiently wide to encompass any form of thermometry. The planned redefinition has motivated the creation of an extended mise en pratique ('practical realization') of the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K), which describes how the new definition can be put into practice. The MeP-K incorporates both of the defined International Temperature Scales (ITS-90 and PLTS-2000) in current use and approved primary-thermometry methods for determining thermodynamic temperature values. The MeP-K is a guide that provides or makes reference to the information needed to perform measurements of temperature in accord with the SI at the highest level. In this article, the background and the content of the extended second version of the MeP-K are presented. C1 [Fellmuth, B.; Fischer, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept Temp 7 4, Berlin, Germany. [Machin, G.] Natl Phys Lab, Engn Measurement, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Picard, S.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Steur, P. P. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Tamura, O.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Ibaraki, Japan. [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Yoon, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fellmuth, B (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept Temp 7 4, Berlin, Germany. EM bernd.fellmuth@ptb.de NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 374 IS 2064 AR 20150037 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0037 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1OB UT WOS:000372553400001 PM 26903103 ER PT J AU Woolliams, ER Anhalt, K Ballico, M Bloembergen, P Bourson, F Briaudeau, S Campos, J Cox, MG del Campo, D Dong, W Dury, MR Gavrilov, V Grigoryeva, I Hernanz, ML Jahan, F Khlevnoy, B Khromchenko, V Lowe, DH Lu, X Machin, G Mantilla, JM Martin, MJ McEvoy, HC Rougie, B Sadli, M Salim, SGR Sasajima, N Taubert, DR Todd, ADW Van den Bossche, R van der Ham, E Wang, T Whittam, A Wilthan, B Woods, DJ Woodward, JT Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, Y Yoon, HW Yuan, Z AF Woolliams, E. R. Anhalt, K. Ballico, M. Bloembergen, P. Bourson, F. Briaudeau, S. Campos, J. Cox, M. G. del Campo, D. Dong, W. Dury, M. R. Gavrilov, V. Grigoryeva, I. Hernanz, M. L. Jahan, F. Khlevnoy, B. Khromchenko, V. Lowe, D. H. Lu, X. Machin, G. Mantilla, J. M. Martin, M. J. McEvoy, H. C. Rougie, B. Sadli, M. Salim, S. G. R. Sasajima, N. Taubert, D. R. Todd, A. D. W. Van den Bossche, R. van der Ham, E. Wang, T. Whittam, A. Wilthan, B. Woods, D. J. Woodward, J. T. Yamada, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Yoon, H. W. Yuan, Z. TI Thermodynamic temperature assignment to the point of inflection of the melting curve of high-temperature fixed points SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE high-temperature fixed points; thermodynamic temperature; thermometry; temperature scale; kelvin; eutectics ID CARBON EUTECTIC POINTS; CO-C; FURNACE UNIFORMITY; FILTER RADIOMETERS; PT-C; THERMOMETRY; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; PLATEAUS; ITS-90 AB The thermodynamic temperature of the point of inflection of the melting transition of Re-C, Pt-C and Co-C eutectics has been determined to be 2747.84 +/- 0.35 K, 2011.43 +/- 0.18K and 1597.39 +/- 0.13 K, respectively, and the thermodynamic temperature of the freezing transition of Cu has been determined to be 1357.80 +/- 0.08 K, where the +/- symbol represents 95% coverage. These results are the best consensus estimates obtained from measurements made using various spectroradiometric primary thermometry techniques by nine different national metrology institutes. The good agreement between the institutes suggests that spectroradiometric thermometry techniques are sufficiently mature (at least in those institutes) to allow the direct realization of thermodynamic temperature above 1234K (rather than the use of a temperature scale) and that metal-carbon eutectics can be used as high-temperature fixed points for thermodynamic temperature dissemination. The results directly support the developing mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin to include direct measurement of thermodynamic temperature. C1 [Woolliams, E. R.; Cox, M. G.; Dury, M. R.; Lowe, D. H.; Machin, G.; McEvoy, H. C.; Whittam, A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Anhalt, K.; Taubert, D. R.; Wilthan, B.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Ballico, M.; Jahan, F.; van der Ham, E.] Natl Measurement Inst Australia, Temp Stand, Bradfield Rd, West Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Bloembergen, P.; Sasajima, N.; Yamada, Y.; Yamaguchi, Y.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Res Inst Phys Measurement, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Bloembergen, P.; Dong, W.; Lu, X.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Thermophys & Proc Measurements, 18 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Bourson, F.; Briaudeau, S.; Rougie, B.; Sadli, M.] Lab Commun Metrol LNE Cnam, High Temp Metrol Dept, 61 Rue Landy, F-93210 St Denis, France. [Campos, J.; Hernanz, M. L.] CSIC, Spanish Natl Res Council, Opt Inst, Serrano 144, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [del Campo, D.; Mantilla, J. M.; Martin, M. J.] Ctr Espanol Metrol, C del Alfar 2, Tres Cantos 28760, Spain. [Gavrilov, V.; Grigoryeva, I.; Khlevnoy, B.] All Russian Res Inst Opt & Phys Measurements VNII, Ozernaya 46, Moscow 119361, Russia. [Khromchenko, V.; Woodward, J. T.; Yoon, H. W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salim, S. G. R.] Natl Inst Stand, Radiometry & Photometry Div, POB 136,President Sadat St, Giza, Egypt. [Todd, A. D. W.; Woods, D. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Van den Bossche, R.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Wilthan, B.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Woolliams, ER (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM emma.woolliams@npl.co.uk RI Campos-Acosta, Joaquin/B-2119-2008; Woolliams, Emma/A-2404-2014; OI Campos-Acosta, Joaquin/0000-0001-6527-1440; Van den Bossche, Rafael/0000-0002-7278-7549; Woolliams, Emma/0000-0003-3517-1486; Sadli, Mohamed/0000-0001-8792-4115 FU European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP); EMRP within EURAMET; European Union; National Key Technology Support Program [2006BAF06B03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51206151]; National Research Council Canada; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [RFMEFI59214X0001] FX National Physical Laboratory, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, LCM LNE-Cnam, Spanish National Research Council, Centro Espanol de Metrologia acknowledge funding from the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) through which the Implementing the new kelvin (INK) project was funded. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. National Institute of Metrology acknowledges the support from the National Key Technology Support Program (no 2006BAF06B03) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no 51206151). A.D.W.T. and D.J.W. acknowledge funding by the National Research Council Canada. The All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (identification number RFMEFI59214X0001). NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 374 IS 2064 AR 20150044 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0044 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1OB UT WOS:000372553400006 PM 26903099 ER PT J AU Yoon, HW Khromchenko, VB Eppeldauer, GP Gibson, CE Woodward, JT Shaw, PS Lykke, KR AF Yoon, H. W. Khromchenko, V. B. Eppeldauer, G. P. Gibson, C. E. Woodward, J. T. Shaw, P. S. Lykke, K. R. TI Towards high-accuracy primary spectral radiometry from 400 K to 1300 K SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE radiometry; radiation thermometry; temperature scale; thermodynamic temperature ID PHOTODIODES AB We describe the design, construction, calibration and use of a near-infrared thermodynamic radiation thermometer to measure blackbodies from 400K to 1300 K. The motivation for this work is the pending redefinition of the kelvin and the need for direct, thermodynamic temperature measurements of the fixed-point blackbodies presently used in the realization of the temperature scale. The challenges of accurately measuring Planck radiances which vary greatly in radiance level and spectral shape are discussed. Methods to characterize the components used in the radiation thermometer design are described. The use of this radiation thermometer as a relative primary thermometer and the resulting residuals are shown. We describe radiometric calibration procedures for using the radiation thermometer as an absolute primary thermometer. Preliminary data showing the initial radiometric calibration steps are discussed. C1 [Yoon, H. W.; Khromchenko, V. B.; Eppeldauer, G. P.; Gibson, C. E.; Woodward, J. T.; Shaw, P. S.; Lykke, K. R.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyoon@nist.gov OI Woodward, John/0000-0001-7719-3187 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 374 IS 2064 AR 20150045 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0045 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1OB UT WOS:000372553400007 PM 26903100 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Feng, XJ Gillis, K Moldover, M Zhang, JT Lin, H Qu, JF Duan, YN AF Zhang, K. Feng, X. J. Gillis, K. Moldover, M. Zhang, J. T. Lin, H. Qu, J. F. Duan, Y. N. TI Acoustic and microwave tests in a cylindrical cavity for acoustic gas thermometry at high temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cylindrical acoustic gas thermometer; waveguide; acoustic resonator; microwave resonator; thermodynamic temperature ID BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; TRIPLE POINT; 273 K; RESONATOR; PROGRESS; ARGON; VISCOMETER; DENSITY; MERCURY; HELIUM AB Relative primary acoustic gas thermometry (AGT) determines the ratios of thermodynamic temperatures from measured ratios of acoustic and microwave resonance frequencies in a gas-filled metal cavity on isotherms of interest. When measured in a cavity with known dimensions, the frequencies of acoustic resonances in a gas determine the speed of sound, which is a known function of the thermodynamic temperature T. Changes in the dimensions of the cavity are measured using the frequencies of the cavity's microwave resonances. We explored techniques and materials for AGT at high temperatures using a cylindrical cavity with remote acoustic transducers. We used gas-filled ducts as acoustic waveguides to transmit sound between the cavity at high temperatures and the acoustic transducers at room temperature. We measured non-degenerate acoustic modes in a cylindrical cavity in the range 295K < T < 797 K. The fractional uncertainty of the measured acoustic frequencies increased from 2 x 10(-6) at 295K to 5 x 10(-6) at 797 K. In addition, we measured the frequencies of several transverse magnetic (TM) microwave resonances up to 1000K in order to track changes in the cavity's length L and radius R. The fractional standard deviation of the values of L deduced from three TM modes increased from 3 x 10(-6) for T < 600K to 57x10(-6) at 1000 K. We observed similar inconsistencies in a previous study. C1 [Zhang, K.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Thermal Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, K.; Feng, X. J.; Moldover, M.; Zhang, J. T.; Lin, H.; Qu, J. F.; Duan, Y. N.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Thermophys & Proc Measurements, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Gillis, K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Div Thermophys & Proc Measurements, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zhangjint@nim.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51476153, 51276175, 61372041]; Fundamental Research Program of NIM [AKY1401] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 51476153, 51276175 and 61372041) and the Fundamental Research Program of NIM (no. AKY1401). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 374 IS 2064 AR 20150049 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0049 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1OB UT WOS:000372553400011 PM 26903106 ER PT J AU Colussi, VE Greene, CH D'Incao, JP AF Colussi, V. E. Greene, Chris H. D'Incao, J. P. TI Universal few-body physics in resonantly interacting spinor condensates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Efimov physics; spinor condensates; ultracold collisions ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GASES; PARTICLES; SPECTRUM; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; DOMAINS AB Optical trapping techniques allow for the formation of bosonic condensates with internal degrees of freedom, so-called spinor condensates. Mean-field models of spinor condensates highlight the sensitivity of the quantum phases of the system to the relative strength of the two-body interaction in the different spin-channels. Such a description captures the regime where these interactions are weak. In the opposite and largely unexplored regime of strongly correlated spinor condensates, three-body interactions can play an important role through the Efimov effect, producing possible novel phases. Here, we study the three-body spinor problem using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation for spin-1, -2 and -3 condensates in the strongly-correlated regime. We characterize the Efimov physics for such systems and the relevant threebody mean-field parameters. We find that the Efimov effect can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions to the possible quantum phases of the condensate through universal contributions to scattering observables. C1 [Colussi, V. E.; D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greene, Chris H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Colussi, VE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM colussi@colorado.edu RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Colussi, Victor /M-1335-2016 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Colussi, Victor /0000-0002-0972-6276 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-1125844, PHY-1307380, PHY-1306905] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation, grant numbers PHY-1125844, PHY-1307380 and PHY-1306905. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 6 AR 064012 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/6/064012 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DG0UW UT WOS:000371782200016 ER PT J AU Jackson, DL Hughes, M Wick, GA AF Jackson, Darren L. Hughes, Mimi Wick, Gary A. TI Evaluation of landfalling atmospheric rivers along the US West Coast in reanalysis data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric rivers; reanalysis data; satellite data ID WATER-VAPOR SIGNATURE; NORTH PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE; WINTER AB An intercomparison of landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) between four reanalysis data sets using one satellite-derived AR detection method as a metric to characterize landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) along the U.S. West Coast is performed over 15 cool seasons (October-March) during the period from water years 1998 to 2012. The four reanalysis data sets analyzed in this study are the Climate System Forecast Reanalysis (CFSR), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), ERA-Interim (ERA-I), and the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2 (20CR) data set. The Atmospheric River Detection Tool is used to identify AR features in the total vertically integrated water vapor (IWV) data of the reanalysis data, and validation of the reanalysis AR data are compared with AR data derived from satellite IWV observations. The AR landfall data from reanalysis were generally found to be in good agreement with satellite observations. Reanalysis data with less (CFSR) or no assimilation (20CR) of the satellite data used in this study had greater bias with AR characteristics such as IWV, width, and landfall location. The 20CR ensemble data were found to better characterize the AR landfall characteristics than the 20CR ensemble mean although all 20CR data underestimated AR landfalls particularly in the southern section of the U.S. West Coast. Overall AR landfall detections for the 15year cool season period were within 5% of the satellite for the CFSR, MERRA, and ERA-I data. C1 [Jackson, Darren L.; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.; Hughes, Mimi; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jackson, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Darren.L.Jackson@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring Program [NOAA-OAR-CPO-2012-2003041] FX This study was supported by NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring Program NOAA-OAR-CPO-2012-2003041. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments that improved this paper. ERA-I, CFSR, and 20CR data were provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd. MERRA data were acquired from the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Center (DISC). Satellite data were acquired from the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2705 EP 2718 DI 10.1002/2015JD024412 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1YB UT WOS:000374710300012 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Cosgrove, BA Mitchell, KE Peters-Lidard, CD Ek, MB Brewer, M Mocko, D Kumar, SV Wei, HL Meng, J Luo, LF AF Xia, Youlong Cosgrove, Brian A. Mitchell, Kenneth E. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Ek, Michael B. Brewer, Michael Mocko, David Kumar, Sujay V. Wei, Helin Meng, Jesse Luo, Lifeng TI Basin-scale assessment of the land surface water budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE NCEP operational NLDAS-2; USGS HUG8 runoff; gridded FLUXNET ET; basin-scale assessment; water budget components; River Forecast Center ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TIME-VARIABLE GRAVITY; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; BIOSPHERE MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BALANCE; FLUXNET; TEMPERATURE AB The purpose of this study is to evaluate the components of the land surface water budget in the four land surface models (Noah, SAC-Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model, (VIC) Variable Infiltration Capacity Model, and Mosaic) applied in the newly implemented National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational and research versions of the North American Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (NLDAS-2). This work focuses on monthly and annual components of the water budget over 12 National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs). Monthly gridded FLUX Network (FLUXNET) evapotranspiration (ET) from the Max-Planck Institute (MPI) of Germany, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) total runoff (Q), changes in total water storage (dS/dt, derived as a residual by utilizing MPI ET and USGS Q in the water balance equation), and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observed total water storage anomaly (TWSA) and change (TWSC) are used as reference data sets. Compared to these ET and Q benchmarks, Mosaic and SAC (Noah and VIC) in the operational NLDAS-2 overestimate (underestimate) mean annual reference ET and underestimate (overestimate) mean annual reference Q. The multimodel ensemble mean (MME) is closer to the mean annual reference ET and Q. An anomaly correlation (AC) analysis shows good AC values for simulated monthly mean Q and dS/dt but significantly smaller AC values for simulated ET. Upgraded versions of the models utilized in the research side of NLDAS-2 yield largely improved performance in the simulation of these mean annual and monthly water component diagnostics. These results demonstrate that the three intertwined efforts of improving (1) the scientific understanding of parameterization of land surface processes, (2) the spatial and temporal extent of systematic validation of land surface processes, and (3) the engineering-oriented aspects such as parameter calibration and optimization are key to substantially improving product quality in various land data assimilation systems. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Envronm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Cosgrove, Brian A.] Natl Water Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mitchell, Kenneth E.] Prescient Weather Ltd, State Coll, PA USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David; Kumar, Sujay V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Brewer, Michael] NESDIS NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Mocko, David; Kumar, Sujay V.] NASA GSFC, SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Luo, Lifeng] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Envronm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NOAA Office of Global Programs Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Americas Prediction Project (GAPP); NASA; NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Prediction Program of the Americas (CPPA) and Modeling Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) FX NLDAS-1 research activities have been supported by the NOAA Office of Global Programs Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Americas Prediction Project (GAPP) and the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program. NLDAS-2 research and operational transition activities have been supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Climate Prediction Program of the Americas (CPPA) and Modeling Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP). We acknowledge Dr. David Wolock, who helped us create the HUC8 index mask file for the NLDAS-2 grid. We also acknowledge Fanglin Yang and Hong Guan from EMC and three anonymous reviewers whose review and comments greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. All data including NLDAS-2 products, USGS runoff, GRACE-observed TWSA and TWSC, and gridded FLUXNET data can be freely accessed via public websites as described in the text. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2750 EP 2779 DI 10.1002/2015JD023733 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1YB UT WOS:000374710300015 ER PT J AU Chung, ES Soden, BJ Huang, XL Shi, L John, VO AF Chung, Eui-Seok Soden, Brian J. Huang, Xianglei Shi, Lei John, Viju O. TI An assessment of the consistency between satellite measurements of upper tropospheric water vapor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE upper tropospheric water vapor; long-term monitoring; satellite observations; reanalysis; climate model simulations ID INFRARED SOUNDER AIRS; DATA SETS; HUMIDITY; SSM/T-2; MODELS; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; FEEDBACK; CMIP5 AB We assess the consistency of the satellite-based observations of upper tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) by comparing brightness temperature measurements from the channel 12 of High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), the 183.311GHz channel of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B)/Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS), and spectral radiances from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). All three products exhibit consistent spatial and temporal patterns of interannual variability. On decadal time scales, the spatial patterns of trends are similar between all three products; however, the amplitude of the regional trends is noticeably weaker in the HIRS measurements than in either the AMSU-B/MHS or AIRS data. This presumably reflects the greater clear-sky sampling limitations of HIRS relative to the other products. However, when averaged over tropical or near-global spatial scales, the trends between all three products are statistically indistinguishable from each other. The overall consistency between all three products provides important verification of their credibility for documenting long-term changes in UTWV. A similar analysis is performed for reanalysis-produced and model-simulated UTWV using the HIRS record as a benchmark. On decadal time scales, both reanalysis data sets and the multimodel ensemble mean have difficulty in capturing the observed moistening of climatologically dry regions of the subtropics, although the model-simulated trends are more consistent with the HIRS measurements than the reanalysis data. C1 [Chung, Eui-Seok; Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Shi, Lei] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [John, Viju O.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [John, Viju O.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Chung, ES (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM echung@rsmas.miami.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X FU NASA ROSES: Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Studies; Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments which led to an improved version of the manuscript. We also thank David Parker and Shinya Kobayashi for their helpful comments on the manuscript. AIRS Level 1B infrared geolocated and calibrated radiances (version 005) were downloaded from Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Service Center (GES DISC, http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/AIRIBRAD_V005.html). ERA-Interim reanalysis data were downloaded from the ECMWF data server (http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-moda). MERRA reanalysis data were downloaded from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and information Services Center (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/DataHoldings.pl). JRA-55 reanalysis data were downloaded from the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.1/). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. CMIP5 data are available from the PCMDI archive. This study was supported by NASA ROSES: Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Studies. Viju John was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2874 EP 2887 DI 10.1002/2015JD024496 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1YB UT WOS:000374710300022 ER PT J AU Hu, XF Yu, C Tian, D Ruminski, M Robertson, K Waller, LA Liu, Y AF Hu, Xuefei Yu, Chao Tian, Di Ruminski, Mark Robertson, Kevin Waller, Lance A. Liu, Yang TI Comparison of the Hazard Mapping System (HMS) fire product to ground-based fire records in Georgia, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE HMS; biomass burning; ground records; comparison ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; AVHRR DATA; MODIS; FOREST; VALIDATION; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS; ASTER AB Biomass burning has a significant and adverse impact on air quality, climate change, and various ecosystems. The Hazard Mapping System (HMS) detects fires using data from multiple satellite sensors in order to maximize its fire detection rate. However, to date, the detection rate of the HMS fire product for small fires has not been well studied, especially using ground-based fire records. This paper utilizes the 2011 fire information compiled from ground observations and burn authorizations in Georgia to assess the comprehensiveness of the HMS active fire product. The results show that detection rates of the hybrid HMS increase substantially by integrating multiple satellite instruments. The detection rate increases dramatically from 3% to 80% with an increase in fire size from less than 0.02km(2) to larger than 2km(2), resulting in detection of approximately 12% of all recorded fires which represent approximately 57% of the total area burned. The spatial pattern of detection rates reveals that grid cells with high detection rates are generally located in areas where large fires occur frequently. The seasonal analysis shows that overall detection rates in winter and spring (12% and 13%, respectively) are higher than those in summer and fall (3% and 6%, respectively), mainly because of higher percentages of large fires (>0.19km(2)) that occurred in winter and spring. The land cover analysis shows that detection rates are 2-7 percentage points higher in land cover types that are prone to large fires such as forestland and shrub land. C1 [Hu, Xuefei; Yu, Chao; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Yu, Chao] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Tian, Di] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Environm Protect Div, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ruminski, Mark] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Robertson, Kevin] Tall Timbers Res Stn & Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Waller, Lance A.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Di.Tian@dnr.ga.gov; yang.liu@emory.edu FU USEPA [R834799]; NASA [NNX11AI53G]; NIH [R01ES019897] FX This publication was made possible by USEPA grant R834799. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA. Further, USEPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. This work was also supported by NASA Applied Sciences Program (grant NNX11AI53G, Principal Investigator (PI): Liu) and NIH grant R01ES019897. The HMS data used in this paper are available free through the links provided in section 2 of the paper. Inquiries regarding the ground fire observation data should be directed to Di Tian (Di.Tian@dnr.ga.gov) at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2901 EP 2910 DI 10.1002/2015JD024448 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1YB UT WOS:000374710300024 ER PT J AU Duderstadt, KA Dibb, JE Schwadron, NA Spence, HE Solomon, SC Yudin, VA Jackman, CH Randall, CE AF Duderstadt, Katharine A. Dibb, Jack E. Schwadron, Nathan A. Spence, Harlan E. Solomon, Stanley C. Yudin, Valery A. Jackman, Charles H. Randall, Cora E. TI Nitrate ion spikes in ice cores not suitable as proxies for solar proton events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE solar proton event; nitrate; SPE; WACCM ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2003; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ODD NITROGEN; POLAR ICE; CARRINGTON EVENT; AD 774-775; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; SPECTRA; MODEL AB Nitrate ion spikes in polar ice cores are contentiously used to estimate the intensity, frequency, and probability of historical solar proton events, quantities that are needed to prepare for potentially society-crippling space weather events. We use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to calculate how large an event would have to be to produce enough odd nitrogen throughout the atmosphere to be discernible as nitrate peaks at the Earth's surface. These hypothetically large events are compared with probability of occurrence estimates derived from measured events, sunspot records, and cosmogenic radionuclides archives. We conclude that the fluence and spectrum of solar proton events necessary to produce odd nitrogen enhancements equivalent to the spikes of nitrate ions in Greenland ice cores are unlikely to have occurred throughout the Holocene, confirming that nitrate ions in ice cores are not suitable proxies for historical individual solar proton events. C1 [Duderstadt, Katharine A.; Dibb, Jack E.; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Spence, Harlan E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Solomon, Stanley C.; Yudin, Valery A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yudin, Valery A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackman, Charles H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Randall, Cora E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randall, Cora E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Duderstadt, KA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM duderstadtk@eos.sr.unh.edu RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU NSF [1135432]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; NASA [NNX14AH54G] FX This work was supported by NSF grant 1135432 to the University of New Hampshire. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. We also acknowledge the support of NASA grant NNX14AH54G to the University of Colorado. We thank Colin Joyce for providing PREDDICS model results as well as Marco Calisto, Eugene Rozanov, and Ilya Usoskin and for providing ion pair production rates for the Carrington-like events. The model data used to produce the analysis and figures for this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. We thank the reviewers of the manuscript for their valuable comments and suggestions. NR 107 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2994 EP 3016 DI 10.1002/2015JD023805 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1YB UT WOS:000374710300029 ER PT J AU Hutchison, CA Chuang, RY Noskov, VN Assad-Garcia, N Deerinck, TJ Ellisman, MH Gill, J Kannan, K Karas, BJ Ma, L Pelletier, JF Qi, ZQ Richter, RA Strychalski, EA Sun, LJ Suzuki, Y Tsvetanova, B Wise, KS Smith, HO Glass, JI Merryman, C Gibson, DG Venter, JC AF Hutchison, Clyde A., III Chuang, Ray-Yuan Noskov, Vladimir N. Assad-Garcia, Nacyra Deerinck, Thomas J. Ellisman, Mark H. Gill, John Kannan, Krishna Karas, Bogumil J. Ma, Li Pelletier, James F. Qi, Zhi-Qing Richter, R. Alexander Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Sun, Lijie Suzuki, Yo Tsvetanova, Billyana Wise, Kim S. Smith, Hamilton O. Glass, John I. Merryman, Chuck Gibson, Daniel G. Venter, J. Craig TI Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ESSENTIAL GENES; CELL; PROLIFERATION; DIVISION; BIOLOGY; SEPF; SET AB We used whole-genome design and complete chemical synthesis to minimize the 1079-kilobase pair synthetic genome of Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. An initial design, based on collective knowledge of molecular biology combined with limited transposon mutagenesis data, failed to produce a viable cell. Improved transposon mutagenesis methods revealed a class of quasi-essential genes that are needed for robust growth, explaining the failure of our initial design. Three cycles of design, synthesis, and testing, with retention of quasi-essential genes, produced JCVI-syn3.0 (531 kilobase pairs, 473 genes), which has a genome smaller than that of any autonomously replicating cell found in nature. JCVI-syn3.0 retains almost all genes involved in the synthesis and processing of macromolecules. Unexpectedly, it also contains 149 genes with unknown biological functions. JCVI-syn3.0 is a versatile platform for investigating the core functions of life and for exploring whole-genome design. C1 [Hutchison, Clyde A., III; Chuang, Ray-Yuan; Noskov, Vladimir N.; Assad-Garcia, Nacyra; Karas, Bogumil J.; Ma, Li; Richter, R. Alexander; Sun, Lijie; Suzuki, Yo; Wise, Kim S.; Smith, Hamilton O.; Glass, John I.; Merryman, Chuck; Gibson, Daniel G.; Venter, J. Craig] J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Deerinck, Thomas J.; Ellisman, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gill, John; Kannan, Krishna; Qi, Zhi-Qing; Tsvetanova, Billyana; Smith, Hamilton O.; Gibson, Daniel G.; Venter, J. Craig] Synthet Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pelletier, James F.; Strychalski, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chuang, Ray-Yuan] Amer Type Culture Collect, 10801 Univ Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Pelletier, James F.] MIT, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Room E15-401,20 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sun, Lijie] CBRITE, 11575 Sorrento Valley Rd,Suite 204, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Hutchison, CA; Venter, JC (reprint author), J Craig Venter Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.; Venter, JC (reprint author), Synthet Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM chutchis@jcvi.org; jcventer@jcvi.org OI Kannan, Krishna/0000-0002-2301-7900 FU Synthetic Genomics (SGI); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Living Foundries program [HR0011-12-C-0063]; NIH from National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103412]; Fannie and John Hertz Graduate Fellowship; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Bits and Atoms; MIT Department of Physics; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We thank Synthetic Genomics (SGI) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Living Foundries program (contract HR0011-12-C-0063) for funding this work. Microscopy work at the University of California-San Diego was supported by NIH grant P41GM103412 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences to M.H.E. J.F.P. was supported by a Fannie and John Hertz Graduate Fellowship, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Bits and Atoms, and the MIT Department of Physics. E.A.S. was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding; such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the stated purpose). We thank M. D. Adams, M. A. Algire, D. Brami, D. Brown, L. Brinkac, N. Caiazza, O. Fetzer, L. Fu, D. Haft, S. Kaushal, M. Lapointe, A. Lee, M. Lewis, D. Lomelin, C. Ludka, M. Montague, C. Orosco, T. Peterson, A. Ramon, T. Richardson, A. Schwartz, D. Smith, S. Vashee, and T. Yee for their contributions to this work and for helpful discussions. J. C. V. is chairman of the Board of Directors and co-chief scientific officer of SGI. H.O.S. is on the Board of Directors and co-chief scientific officer of SGI. C.A.H. is chairman of the SGI Scientific Advisory Board. D.G.G. is a vice president of SGI. J. C. V., H.O.S., C.A.H., D.G.G., J.G., K.K., and the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) hold SGI stock and/or stock options. SGI and JCVI have filed patent applications on some of the methods and concepts described in this paper. NR 35 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 80 U2 193 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 25 PY 2016 VL 351 IS 6280 AR aad6253 DI 10.1126/science.aad6253 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH4KZ UT WOS:000372756200036 PM 27013737 ER PT J AU Lejaeghere, K Bihlmayer, G Bjorkman, T Blaha, P Blugel, S Blum, V Caliste, D Castelli, IE Clark, SJ Dal Corso, A de Gironcoli, S Deutsch, T Dewhurst, JK Di Marco, I Draxl, C Dulak, M Eriksson, O Flores-Livas, JA Garrity, KF Genovese, L Giannozzi, P Giantomassi, M Goedecker, S Gonze, X Granas, O Gross, EKU Gulans, A Gygi, F Hamann, DR Hasnip, PJ Holzwarth, NAW Iusan, D Jochym, DB Jollet, F Jones, D Kresse, G Koepernik, K Kucukbenli, E Kvashnin, YO Locht, ILM Lubeck, S Marsman, M Marzari, N Nitzsche, U Nordstrom, L Ozaki, T Paulatto, L Pickard, CJ Poelmans, W Probert, MIJ Refson, K Richter, M Rignanese, GM Saha, S Scheffler, M Schlipf, M Schwarz, K Sharma, S Tavazza, F Thunstrom, P Tkatchenko, A Torrent, M Vanderbilt, D van Setten, MJ Van Speybroeck, V Wills, JM Yates, JR Zhang, GX Cottenier, S AF Lejaeghere, Kurt Bihlmayer, Gustav Bjoerkman, Torbjoern Blaha, Peter Bluegel, Stefan Blum, Volker Caliste, Damien Castelli, Ivano E. Clark, Stewart J. Dal Corso, Andrea de Gironcoli, Stefano Deutsch, Thierry Dewhurst, John Kay Di Marco, Igor Draxl, Claudia Dulak, Marcin Eriksson, Olle Flores-Livas, Jose A. Garrity, Kevin F. Genovese, Luigi Giannozzi, Paolo Giantomassi, Matteo Goedecker, Stefan Gonze, Xavier Granaes, Oscar Gross, E. K. U. Gulans, Andris Gygi, Francois Hamann, D. R. Hasnip, Phil J. Holzwarth, N. A. W. Iusan, Diana Jochym, Dominik B. Jollet, Francois Jones, Daniel Kresse, Georg Koepernik, Klaus Kuecuekbenli, Emine Kvashnin, Yaroslav O. Locht, Inka L. M. Lubeck, Sven Marsman, Martijn Marzari, Nicola Nitzsche, Ulrike Nordstrom, Lars Ozaki, Taisuke Paulatto, Lorenzo Pickard, Chris J. Poelmans, Ward Probert, Matt I. J. Refson, Keith Richter, Manuel Rignanese, Gian-Marco Saha, Santanu Scheffler, Matthias Schlipf, Martin Schwarz, Karlheinz Sharma, Sangeeta Tavazza, Francesca Thunstroem, Patrik Tkatchenko, Alexandre Torrent, Marc Vanderbilt, David van Setten, Michiel J. Van Speybroeck, Veronique Wills, John M. Yates, Jonathan R. Zhang, Guo-Xu Cottenier, Stefaan TI Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; REGULAR APPROXIMATIONS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SILICON; STATE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; CRYSTALS; SCIENCE; ENERGY AB The widespread popularity of density functional theory has given rise to an extensive range of dedicated codes for predicting molecular and crystalline properties. However, each code implements the formalism in a different way, raising questions about the reproducibility of such predictions. We report the results of a community-wide effort that compared 15 solid-state codes, using 40 different potentials or basis set types, to assess the quality of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof equations of state for 71 elemental crystals. We conclude that predictions from recent codes and pseudopotentials agree very well, with pairwise differences that are comparable to those between different high-precision experiments. Older methods, however, have less precise agreement. Our benchmark provides a framework for users and developers to document the precision of new applications and methodological improvements. C1 [Lejaeghere, Kurt; Poelmans, Ward; Van Speybroeck, Veronique; Cottenier, Stefaan] Univ Ghent, Ctr Mol Modeling, Technol Pk 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. [Bihlmayer, Gustav; Bluegel, Stefan] Forschungszentrum Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bihlmayer, Gustav; Bluegel, Stefan] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bjoerkman, Torbjoern] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Phys, FI-20500 Turku, Finland. [Bjoerkman, Torbjoern] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Ctr Excellence Computat Nanosci, POB 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Bjoerkman, Torbjoern] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Appl Phys, POB 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Blaha, Peter; Schwarz, Karlheinz] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Mat Chem, Getreidemarkt 9-165-TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Blum, Volker] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Caliste, Damien; Deutsch, Thierry; Genovese, Luigi] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Nanosci, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Caliste, Damien; Deutsch, Thierry; Genovese, Luigi] Cryogenie Modeling & Mat Explorat Dept INAC MEM, L Sim, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Caliste, Damien; Deutsch, Thierry; Genovese, Luigi] CEA, L Sim, INAC MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Castelli, Ivano E.; Kuecuekbenli, Emine; Marzari, Nicola] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Theory & Simulat Mat THEOS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Castelli, Ivano E.; Kuecuekbenli, Emine; Marzari, Nicola] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Natl Ctr Computat Design & Discovery Novel Mat MA, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Clark, Stewart J.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Dal Corso, Andrea; de Gironcoli, Stefano; Kuecuekbenli, Emine] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Dewhurst, John Kay; Flores-Livas, Jose A.; Gross, E. K. U.; Sharma, Sangeeta] Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Di Marco, Igor; Eriksson, Olle; Iusan, Diana; Kvashnin, Yaroslav O.; Locht, Inka L. M.; Nordstrom, Lars] Uppsala Univ, Div Mat Theory, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Draxl, Claudia; Gulans, Andris; Lubeck, Sven] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Draxl, Claudia; Gulans, Andris; Lubeck, Sven] Humboldt Univ, IRIS, Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Draxl, Claudia; Gulans, Andris; Scheffler, Matthias; Tkatchenko, Alexandre] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Dulak, Marcin] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, Ctr Atom Scale Mat Design, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Garrity, Kevin F.; Tavazza, Francesca] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giannozzi, Paolo; Granaes, Oscar] Univ Udine, Dept Math Comp Sci & Phys, Via Sci 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Giantomassi, Matteo; Gonze, Xavier; Rignanese, Gian-Marco; van Setten, Michiel J.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Condensed Matter & Nanosci Nanoscop, Chemin Etoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Goedecker, Stefan; Saha, Santanu] Univ Basel, Inst Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Granaes, Oscar] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gygi, Francois; Schlipf, Martin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hamann, D. R.; Vanderbilt, David] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hamann, D. R.] Mat Sim Res, POB 742, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. [Hasnip, Phil J.; Probert, Matt I. J.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Holzwarth, N. A. W.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Jochym, Dominik B.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Sci Comp Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Jollet, Francois; Torrent, Marc] DIF, DAM, CEA, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Jones, Daniel; Yates, Jonathan R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, 16 Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Kresse, Georg; Marsman, Martijn] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Sensengasse 8-12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Kresse, Georg; Marsman, Martijn] Univ Vienna, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Sensengasse 8-12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Koepernik, Klaus; Nitzsche, Ulrike; Richter, Manuel] Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch IFW Dre, POB 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Koepernik, Klaus; Richter, Manuel] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden Ctr Computat Mat Sci DCMS, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Locht, Inka L. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Ozaki, Taisuke] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Paulatto, Lorenzo] Univ Paris 06, IMPMC, CNRS, UMR 7590,Museum Natl Hist Nat,IRD,Unite Rech 206, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Pickard, Chris J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England. [Poelmans, Ward] Univ Ghent, High Performance Comp Unit, Krijgslaan 281 S9, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Refson, Keith] Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Refson, Keith] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Scheffler, Matthias] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Scheffler, Matthias] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Thunstroem, Patrik] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Tkatchenko, Alexandre] Univ Luxembourg, Phys & Mat Sci Res Unit, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Wills, John M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Guo-Xu] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Inst Theoret & Simulat Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Cottenier, Stefaan] Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Technol Pk 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. RP Lejaeghere, K; Cottenier, S (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Ctr Mol Modeling, Technol Pk 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.; Cottenier, S (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Technol Pk 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. EM kurt.lejaeghere@ugent.be; stefaan.cottenier@ugent.be RI Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010; Bjorkman, Torbjorn/B-9844-2012; Deutsch, Thierry/A-6077-2009; Di Marco, Igor/O-5190-2014; van Setten, Michiel/B-2766-2008; Scheffler, Matthias/O-4649-2016; Bihlmayer, Gustav/G-5279-2013; Richter, Manuel/F-2485-2016; Genovese, Luigi/C-5937-2011; Dal Corso, Andrea/A-5745-2008; Blum, Volker/J-6591-2012; Iusan, Diana/C-2356-2011; Castelli, Ivano/N-1627-2015; Paulatto, Lorenzo/E-3974-2016; Draxl, Claudia/O-6189-2016; TU Dresden, DCMS/B-7669-2015; Rignanese, Gian-Marco/A-7435-2008; OI Bjorkman, Torbjorn/0000-0002-1154-9846; Deutsch, Thierry/0000-0001-7503-3390; Di Marco, Igor/0000-0003-1714-0942; van Setten, Michiel/0000-0003-0557-5260; Bihlmayer, Gustav/0000-0002-6615-1122; Richter, Manuel/0000-0002-9999-8290; Genovese, Luigi/0000-0003-1747-0247; Blum, Volker/0000-0001-8660-7230; Iusan, Diana/0000-0001-7467-9317; Castelli, Ivano/0000-0001-5880-5045; Poelmans, Ward/0000-0002-0399-3613; Draxl, Claudia/0000-0003-3523-6657; TU Dresden, DCMS/0000-0003-1370-3074; Rignanese, Gian-Marco/0000-0002-1422-1205; Hasnip, Philip/0000-0002-4314-4093; Lejaeghere, Kurt/0000-0002-4462-8209; Caliste, Damien/0000-0002-4967-9275 FU Research Board of Ghent University; Fond de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (FRS-FNRS) through Projet de Recherches (PDR) [T.0238.13-AIXPHO, T.1031.14-HiT4FiT]; Communaute Francaise de Belgique through BATTAB project [ARC 14/19-057]; U.S. NSF [DMR-14-08838, DMR-1105485]; Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2013.0020, 2012.0031]; Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) [G0E0116N]; U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-BES DE-SC0008938]; European Union [329386, 676580]; eSSENCE; Academy of Finland [263416]; COMP Centre of Excellence; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Einstein Foundation, Berlin; Novel Materials Discovery (NOMAD) Laboratory, a European Center of Excellence; Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research (MIUR) through PRIN [20105ZZTSE_005]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under UK Car-Parrinello (UKCP) grant [EP/K013564/1]; Collaborative Computational Project for NMR Crystallography under EPSRC grant [EP/J010510/1]; FWO; EPSRC [EP/J017639/1]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); FRS-FNRS; SNSF's National Centre of Competence in Research MARVEL; Austrian Science Fund [SFB-F41]; OCAS NV by an OCAS-endowed chair at Ghent University; Ghent University; Flemish Government (Economy, Science, and Innovation Department); Walloon Region [1117545]; FRS-FNRS [2.5020.11]; CASTEP by Biovia FX This research benefited from financial support from the Research Board of Ghent University; the Fond de la Recherche Scientifique de Belgique (FRS-FNRS), through Projet de Recherches (PDR) grants T.0238.13-AIXPHO and T.1031.14-HiT4FiT; the Communaute Francaise de Belgique, through the BATTAB project (grant ARC 14/19-057); the U.S. NSF (grant DMR-14-08838); the Swedish Research Council; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grants 2013.0020 and 2012.0031); the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) (project no. G0E0116N); and the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DOE-BES DE-SC0008938). N.A.W.H. was supported by U.S. NSF grant DMR-1105485. J.A.F.-L. acknowledges financial support from the European Union's 7th Framework Marie-Curie Scholarship Program within the ExMaMa Project (project no. 329386). I.D.M., O.E., O.G., D.I., Y.O.K., I.L.M.L., and L.N. acknowledge support from eSSENCE. T.B. was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 263416) and the COMP Centre of Excellence. C.D., A.G., and S.L. acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Einstein Foundation, Berlin. M.Sche. and C.D. received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 676580 with The Novel Materials Discovery (NOMAD) Laboratory, a European Center of Excellence. A.D.C., S.d.G., and E.K. acknowledge support from the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities, and Research (MIUR) through PRIN (Projects of National Interest) 2010-2011 (registration no. 20105ZZTSE_005). P.J.H., D.B.J., and M.I.J.P. are grateful for financial support by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under UK Car-Parrinello (UKCP) grant EP/K013564/1. C.J.P. and J.R.Y. acknowledge support from the Collaborative Computational Project for NMR Crystallography under EPSRC grant EP/J010510/1. W.P. acknowledges funding by FWO. D.J. is grateful for financial support by EPSRC under grant EP/J017639/1. S.Sa. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). G.-M.R. is thankful for personal financial support from FRS-FNRS. The work by I.E.C. and N.M. was supported by the SNSF's National Centre of Competence in Research MARVEL. G.K. and P.B. acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund, project SFB-F41 (ViCoM). S.C. acknowledges financial support from OCAS NV by an OCAS-endowed chair at Ghent University. Computational resources were as follows: The Ghent University contributors used the Stevin Supercomputer Infrastructure at Ghent University, which is funded by Ghent University, FWO, and the Flemish Government (Economy, Science, and Innovation Department). The Universite Catholique de Louvain contributors used the Tier-1 supercomputer of the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles (funded by the Walloon Region under grant agreement no. 1117545), the Centre de Calcul Intensif et de Stockage de Masse-Universite Catholique de Louvain supercomputing facilities, and the Consortium des Equipements de Calcul Intensif en Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles (CECI) (funded by the FRS-FNRS under convention 2.5020.11). The Science and Technology Facilities Council, Scientific Computing Department's SCARF (Scientific Computing Application Resource for Facilities) cluster was used for the CASTEP calculations. The Basel University and Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne contributors used the Swiss National Supercomputing Center in Lugano. Finland's IT Centre for Science was used for the RSPt calculations. K.L. and F.T. thank C.; Becker for instructive discussions on the comparison of atomic-scale simulations. K.L. and S.C. thank W. Dewitte for drafting the summary figure. S.J.C., P.J.H., C.J.P., M.I.J.P., K.R., and J.R.Y. declare the receipt of income from commercial sales of CASTEP by Biovia. N.M. and M.Sche. are members of the Board of Trustees of the Psi-k Electronic Structure Network. P.G. is director of the Quantum ESPRESSO Foundation, and N.M. is a representative member. X.G., D.R.H., M.T., D.C., F.J., and G.-M.R. are members of the Advisory Board of ABINIT, an organization that develops and publishes open-source software related to this article. Commercial software is identified to specify procedures. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Atomic Simulation Environment scripts (46) for several of the codes are available online (48). All data are listed in tables S3 to S42. NR 61 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 66 U2 172 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 25 PY 2016 VL 351 IS 6280 AR aad3000 DI 10.1126/science.aad3000 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH4KZ UT WOS:000372756200038 ER PT J AU Berg, RD Levitte, S O'Sullivan, MP O'Leary, SM Cambier, CJ Cameron, J Takaki, KK Moens, CB Tobin, DM Keane, J Ramakrishnan, L AF Berg, Russell D. Levitte, Steven O'Sullivan, Mary P. O'Leary, Seonadh M. Cambier, C. J. Cameron, James Takaki, Kevin K. Moens, Cecilia B. Tobin, David M. Keane, Joseph Ramakrishnan, Lalita TI Lysosomal Disorders Drive Susceptibility to Tuberculosis by Compromising Macrophage Migration SO CELL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; GAUCHER-DISEASE; STORAGE DISORDERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CELL-DEATH; INFECTION; PULMONARY; CLEARANCE; FUSION AB A zebrafish genetic screen for determinants of susceptibility to Mycobacterium marinum identified a hypersusceptible mutant deficient in lysosomal cysteine cathepsins that manifests hallmarks of human lysosomal storage diseases. Under homeostatic conditions, mutant macrophages accumulate undigested lysosomal material, which disrupts endocytic recycling and impairs their migration to, and thus engulfment of, dying cells. This causes a buildup of unengulfed cell debris. During mycobacterial infection, macrophages with lysosomal storage cannot migrate toward infected macrophages undergoing apoptosis in the tuberculous granuloma. The unengulfed apoptotic macrophages undergo secondary necrosis, causing granuloma breakdown and increased mycobacterial growth. Macrophage lysosomal storage similarly impairs migration to newly infecting mycobacteria. This phenotype is recapitulated in human smokers, who are at increased risk for tuberculosis. A majority of their alveolar macrophages exhibit lysosomal accumulations of tobacco smoke particulates and do not migrate to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The incapacitation of highly microbicidal first-responding macrophages may contribute to smokers' susceptibility to tuberculosis. C1 [Berg, Russell D.; Levitte, Steven] Univ Washington, Mol & Cellular Biol Grad Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berg, Russell D.; Levitte, Steven] Univ Washington, Med Scientist Training Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Levitte, Steven; Takaki, Kevin K.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita] Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, MRC Lab Mol Biol, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England. [O'Sullivan, Mary P.; O'Leary, Seonadh M.; Keane, Joseph] Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dept Clin Med, Dublin 8, Ireland. [Cambier, C. J.] Univ Washington, Grad Program Immunol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cameron, James; Ramakrishnan, Lalita] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moens, Cecilia B.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Tobin, David M.] Duke Univ, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Tobin, David M.] Duke Univ, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Cambier, C. J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cameron, James] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ramakrishnan, L (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, MRC Lab Mol Biol, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England.; Keane, J (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dept Clin Med, Dublin 8, Ireland.; Ramakrishnan, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM josephmk@tcd.ie; lr404@hermes.cam.ac.uk RI O'Sullivan, Mary/C-9413-2012; OI O'Sullivan, Mary/0000-0002-6104-8943; Keane, Joseph/0000-0001-5313-385X; Tobin, David/0000-0003-3465-5518 FU Wellcome Trust; NIH [R37AI054503, R01NS082567, 5F30HL110455, 1DP2-OD008614]; National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; Health Research Board of Ireland [HRA_POR/2013/387, CSA/2012/16]; Royal City of Dublin Hospital Trust [146] FX We thank P. Luzio, G. Griffiths, and R. Kay for insights and advice on lysosome biology and cell migration; G. Godaly for advice on human macrophage cell migration assays; P. Edelstein, A. Pagan, and S. Falkow for manuscript review; N. Goodwin and R. Keeble for zebrafish husbandry; and F. O'Connell, the research nurses of the Wellcome Trust-HRB Clinical Research Facility, and the staff and patients of the St. James's Hospital Bronchoscopy clinic, Dublin. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (L.R.), the NIH (R37AI054503, L.R., R01NS082567, C.B.M., 5F30HL110455, R.D.B., 1DP2-OD008614, D.M.T.), the National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (L. R.), the Health Research Board of Ireland (HRA_POR/2013/387, M.P.O'S. and CSA/2012/16, J.K.), and The Royal City of Dublin Hospital Trust (grant 146, J.K.). NR 66 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 15 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 EI 1097-4172 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAR 24 PY 2016 VL 165 IS 1 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.034 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA DH4WF UT WOS:000372785600016 PM 27015311 ER PT J AU Knowles, B Silveira, CB Bailey, BA Barott, K Cantu, VA Cobian-Guemes, AG Coutinho, FH Dinsdale, EA Felts, B Furby, KA George, EE Green, KT Gregoracci, GB Haas, AF Haggerty, JM Hester, ER Hisakawa, N Kelly, LW Lim, YW Little, M Luque, A McDole-Somera, T McNair, K de Oliveira, LS Quistad, SD Robinett, NL Sala, E Salamon, P Sanchez, SE Sandin, S Silva, GGZ Smith, J Sullivan, C Thompson, C Vermeij, MJA Youle, M Young, C Zgliczynski, B Brainard, R Edwards, RA Nulton, J Thompson, F Rohwer, F AF Knowles, B. Silveira, C. B. Bailey, B. A. Barott, K. Cantu, V. A. Cobian-Gueemes, A. G. Coutinho, F. H. Dinsdale, E. A. Felts, B. Furby, K. A. George, E. E. Green, K. T. Gregoracci, G. B. Haas, A. F. Haggerty, J. M. Hester, E. R. Hisakawa, N. Kelly, L. W. Lim, Y. W. Little, M. Luque, A. McDole-Somera, T. McNair, K. de Oliveira, L. S. Quistad, S. D. Robinett, N. L. Sala, E. Salamon, P. Sanchez, S. E. Sandin, S. Silva, G. G. Z. Smith, J. Sullivan, C. Thompson, C. Vermeij, M. J. A. Youle, M. Young, C. Zgliczynski, B. Brainard, R. Edwards, R. A. Nulton, J. Thompson, F. Rohwer, F. TI Lytic to temperate switching of viral communities SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LIFE STRATEGIES; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; CORAL-REEFS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; METAGENOMIC DATASETS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; BACTERIAL-VIRUSES; MARINE-BACTERIA AB Microbial viruses can control host abundances via density-dependent lytic predator-prey dynamics. Less clear is how temperate viruses, which coexist and replicate with their host, influence microbial communities. Here we show that virus-like particles are relatively less abundant at high host densities. This suggests suppressed lysis where established models predict lytic dynamics are favoured. Meta-analysis of published viral and microbial densities showed that this trend was widespread in diverse ecosystems ranging from soil to freshwater to human lungs. Experimental manipulations showed viral densities more consistent with temperate than lytic life cycles at increasing microbial abundance. An analysis of 24 coral reef viromes showed a relative increase in the abundance of hallmark genes encoded by temperate viruses with increased microbial abundance. Based on these four lines of evidence, we propose the Piggyback-the-Winner model wherein temperate dynamics become increasingly important in ecosystems with high microbial densities; thus 'more microbes, fewer viruses'. C1 [Knowles, B.; Silveira, C. B.; Cobian-Gueemes, A. G.; Dinsdale, E. A.; George, E. E.; Green, K. T.; Haas, A. F.; Haggerty, J. M.; Hester, E. R.; Hisakawa, N.; Kelly, L. W.; Lim, Y. W.; Little, M.; Quistad, S. D.; Robinett, N. L.; Sanchez, S. E.; Rohwer, F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Silveira, C. B.; Coutinho, F. H.; de Oliveira, L. S.; Thompson, C.; Thompson, F.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Ave Carlos Chagas Filho 373, BR-21941599 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Bailey, B. A.; Felts, B.; Luque, A.; Salamon, P.; Nulton, J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Barott, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Cantu, V. A.; Luque, A.; McNair, K.; Silva, G. G. Z.; Edwards, R. A.] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Coutinho, F. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Radboud Inst Mol Life Sci, Ctr Mol & Biomol Informat, NL-6525 HP Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Dinsdale, E. A.; Luque, A.; Salamon, P.; Edwards, R. A.; Rohwer, F.] San Diego State Univ, Viral Informat Inst, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Furby, K. A.; McDole-Somera, T.; Sandin, S.; Smith, J.; Zgliczynski, B.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gregoracci, G. B.] Sao Paulo Fed Univ Baixada Santista, Marine Sci Dept, Ave Alm Saldanha da Gama 89, BR-11030400 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sala, E.] Natl Geog Soc, 1145 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sullivan, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vermeij, M. J. A.] CARMABI Fdn, Piscaderabaai Z-N, Willemstad, Curacao, Neth Antilles. [Vermeij, M. J. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam, Aquat Microbiol, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Youle, M.] Rainbow Rock, Ocean View, HI 96737 USA. [Young, C.; Brainard, R.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, PIFSC, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Edwards, R. A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Knowles, B; Rohwer, F (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.; Rohwer, F (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Viral Informat Inst, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM benjaminwilliamknowles@gmail.com; frohwer@gmail.com RI Thompson, Cristiane/I-5783-2016; OI Hester, Eric/0000-0002-5232-5574; Quistad, Steven/0000-0003-4384-8100 FU Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program Fellowship Award [141679]; National Science Foundation [OISE-1243541, DEB-1046413, CNS-1305112, MCB-1330800, DUE-1323809]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award [GBMF-3781]; Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq); Brazilian National Research Council Science Without Borders Program (CNPq/CAPES) FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Mike Furlan, mentor, friend, and colleague. We are grateful to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Ecosystem Division for supporting this research, and to the captains and crews of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai and the Hanse Explorer. Thanks to J. Payet for providing viral and microbial abundance data. Sampling was carried out under research permits from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, the Environment and Conservation Division of the Republic of Kiribati (n. 021/13) and ICMBio, Brazil (n. 27147-2). This work was funded by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program Fellowship Award 141679 (to F.R.) and National Science Foundation grants OISE-1243541 and DEB-1046413 (to F.R.), CNS-1305112 and MCB-1330800 (to R.A.E.), DUE-1323809 (to E.A.D.), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award GBMF-3781 (to F.R.), and the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq; to F.T.) and Brazilian National Research Council Science Without Borders Program (CNPq/CAPES; to C.B.S.). NR 79 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 23 U2 62 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 24 PY 2016 VL 531 IS 7595 BP 466 EP + DI 10.1038/nature17193 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH3QK UT WOS:000372701300032 PM 26982729 ER PT J AU Van Loon, AF Te Brake, B Van Huijgevoort, MHJ Dijksma, R AF Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel TI Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEKONG DELTA; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; VIETNAM; FUTURE; REHABILITATION AB Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration practice. In 15 natural and 8 disturbed sites (i.e. disused shrimp ponds) in three case study regions in south-east Asia, water levels were measured and vegetation species composition was determined. Using an existing hydrological classification for mangroves, sites were classified into hydrological classes, based on duration of inundation, and vegetation classes, based on occurrence of mangrove species. For the natural sites hydrological and vegetation classes were similar, showing clear distribution of mangrove species from wet to dry sites. Application of the classification to disturbed sites showed that in some locations hydrological conditions had been restored enough for mangrove vegetation to establish, in some locations hydrological conditions were suitable for various mangrove species but vegetation had not established naturally, and in some locations hydrological conditions were too wet for any mangrove species (natural or planted) to grow. We quantified the effect that removal of obstructions such as dams would have on the hydrology and found that failure of planting at one site could have been prevented. The hydrological classification needs relatively little data, i.e. water levels for a period of only one lunar tidal cycle without additional measurements, and uncertainties in the measurements and analysis are relatively small. For the study locations, the application of the hydrological classification gave important information about how to restore the hydrology to suitable conditions to improve natural regeneration or to plant mangrove species, which could not have been obtained by estimating elevation only. Based on this research a number of recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects. C1 [Van Loon, Anne F.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Van Loon, Anne F.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham Inst Forest Res BIFoR, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Te Brake, Bram] Eijkelkamp Soil & Water, Giesbeek, Netherlands. [Te Brake, Bram; Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.; Dijksma, Roel] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Van Loon, AF (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.; Van Loon, AF (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham Inst Forest Res BIFoR, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. EM a.f.vanloon@bham.ac.uk NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 23 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150302 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150302 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH3QJ UT WOS:000372701200023 PM 27008277 ER PT J AU Miiller, W Wu, LS Kim, MS Orvis, T Simonson, JW Gamza, M McNally, DM Nelson, CS Ehlers, G Podlesnyak, A Helton, JS Zhao, Y Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Lynn, JW Zaliznyak, I Aronson, MC AF Miiller, W. Wu, L. S. Kim, M. S. Orvis, T. Simonson, J. W. Gamza, M. McNally, D. M. Nelson, C. S. Ehlers, G. Podlesnyak, A. Helton, J. S. Zhao, Y. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Lynn, J. W. Zaliznyak, I. Aronson, M. C. TI Magnetic structure of Yb2Pt2Pb: Ising moments on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN SYSTEM; SRCU2(BO3)(2); SPECTROMETER; PLATEAUS; STATES; MODEL AB Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out on single crystals and powders of Yb2Pt2Pb, where Yb moments form two interpenetrating planar sublattices of orthogonal dimers, a geometry known as Shastry-Sutherland lattice, and are stacked along the c axis in a ladder geometry. Yb2Pt2Pb orders antiferromagnetically at T-N = 2.07 K, and the magnetic structure determined from these measurements features the interleaving of two orthogonal sublattices into a 5 x 5 x 1 magnetic supercell that is based on stripes with moments perpendicular to the dimer bonds, which are along (110) and (-110). Magnetic fields applied along (110) or (-110) suppress the antiferromagnetic peaks from an individual sublattice, but leave the orthogonal sublattice unaffected, evidence for the Ising character of the Yb moments in Yb2Pt2Pb that is supported by point charge calculations. Specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements concur with neutron elastic scattering results that the longitudinal critical fluctuations are gapped with Delta E similar or equal to 0.07 meV. C1 [Miiller, W.; Wu, L. S.; Kim, M. S.; Orvis, T.; Simonson, J. W.; McNally, D. M.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gamza, M.; Zaliznyak, I.; Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nelson, C. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ehlers, G.; Podlesnyak, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Helton, J. S.; Zhao, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aronson, MC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Aronson, MC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM maronson@bnl.gov RI Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013; Wu, Liusuo/A-5611-2016; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319; Wu, Liusuo/0000-0003-0103-5267; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC00112704]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; [NSF-DMR-1310008] FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with T. Sakakibara. Work at Stony Brook University (W.M., L.S.W., M.S.K., T.O., J.W.S., D.M., M.C.A.) was supported by NSF-DMR-1310008. Work at BNL (M.G., I.Z., A.M.T.) and use of the NSLS were supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under Contract No. DE-SC00112704. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Research conducted at SNS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 10 AR 104419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104419 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DH3VD UT WOS:000372714000002 ER PT J AU Rogers, NJ Hill-Casey, F Stupic, KF Six, JS Lesbats, C Rigby, SP Fraissard, J Pavlovskaya, GE Meersmann, T AF Rogers, Nicola J. Hill-Casey, Fraser Stupic, Karl F. Six, Joseph S. Lesbats, Clementine Rigby, Sean P. Fraissard, Jacques Pavlovskaya, Galina E. Meersmann, Thomas TI Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized Kr-83 and Xe-129 MRI contrast agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE spin-exchange optical pumping; hyperpolarized noble gas contrast agents; cryogenic separation; chemical looping combustion; pulmonary imaging ID LASER-POLARIZED XE-129; NOBLE-GAS MRI; HUMAN LUNG; QUADRUPOLAR RELAXATION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINUOUS-FLOW; RUBIDIUM; DEUTERIUM; SYSTEM; HE-3 AB Hyperpolarized (hp) Kr-83 is a promising MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases affecting the surface of the respiratory zone. However, the distinct physical properties of Kr-83 that enable unique MRI contrast also complicate the production of hp Kr-83. This work presents a previously unexplored approach in the generation of hp Kr-83 that can likewise be used for the production of hp Xe-129. Molecular nitrogen, typically used as buffer gas in spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), was replaced by molecular hydrogen without penalty for the achievable hyperpolarization. In this particular study, the highest obtained nuclear spin polarizations were P = 29% for Kr-83 and P = 63% for Xe-129. The results were reproduced over many SEOP cycles despite the laser-induced on-resonance formation of rubidium hydride (RbH). Following SEOP, the H-2 was reactively removed via catalytic combustion without measurable losses in hyperpolarized spin state of either Kr-83 or Xe-129. Highly spin-polarized Kr-83 can now be purified for the first time, to our knowledge, to provide high signal intensity for the advancement of in vivo hp Kr-83 MRI. More generally, a chemical reaction appears as a viable alternative to the cryogenic separation process, the primary purification method of hp Xe-129 for the past 2 1/2 decades. The inherent simplicity of the combustion process will facilitate hp Xe-129 production and should allow for on-demand continuous flow of purified and highly spin-polarized Xe-129. C1 [Rogers, Nicola J.; Hill-Casey, Fraser; Stupic, Karl F.; Six, Joseph S.; Lesbats, Clementine; Pavlovskaya, Galina E.; Meersmann, Thomas] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Div Resp Med, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hill-Casey, Fraser; Rigby, Sean P.] Univ Nottingham, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Fraissard, Jacques] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind, F-75005 Paris, France. [Rogers, Nicola J.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Stupic, Karl F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Six, Joseph S.] Carestream Hlth Inc, White City, OR 97503 USA. RP Meersmann, T (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Div Resp Med, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM Thomas.Meersmann@Nottingham.ac.uk OI Rigby, Sean/0000-0002-2635-3416 FU Medical Research Council [G0900785]; Royal Society through the Paul Instrument Fund FX We thank Colin E. Snape for stimulating discussions. This work was supported in part by the Medical Research Council under Grant G0900785 and by the Royal Society through the Paul Instrument Fund. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 12 BP 3164 EP 3168 DI 10.1073/pnas.1600379113 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0QH UT WOS:000372488200034 PM 26961001 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Liu, ZY Zhang, SQ Liu, W Dong, LN Liu, P Li, HL AF Cheng, Jun Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Shaoqing Liu, Wei Dong, Lina Liu, Peng Li, Hongli TI Reduced interdecadal variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under global warming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; interdecadal variability; global warming; oceanic stratification; Rossby wave ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; BASIN MODES; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE; DRIVEN; MECHANISM; RAINFALL AB Interdecadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC-IV) plays an important role in climate variation and has significant societal impacts. Past climate reconstruction indicates that AMOC-IV has likely undergone significant changes. Despite some previous studies, responses of AMOC-IV to global warming remain unclear, in particular regarding its amplitude and time scale. In this study, we analyze the responses of AMOC-IV under various scenarios of future global warming in multiple models and find that AMOC-IV becomes weaker and shorter with enhanced global warming. From the present climate condition to the strongest future warming scenario, on average, the major period of AMOC-IV is shortened from similar to 50 y to similar to 20 y, and the amplitude is reduced by similar to 60%. These reductions in period and amplitude of AMOC-IV are suggested to be associated with increased oceanic stratification under global warming and, in turn, the speedup of oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves. C1 [Cheng, Jun; Dong, Lina; Liu, Peng; Li, Hongli] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Polar Climate Syst & Global Change Lab, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Liu, Wei] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Polar Climate Syst & Global Change Lab, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Liu, ZY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM chengjun@nuist.edu.cn; zliu3@wisc.edu FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955200, 2015CB953902]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41206024, 41130105] FX We thank Drs. H.-J. Yang, K. Fraedrich, H. Dijkstra, and X.-Y. Shen for valuable discussions, and Drs. Y. G. Liu and W. Zhang at Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for their useful comments on an early version of the manuscript. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model outputs. This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants 2012CB955200 and 2015CB953902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41206024 and 41130105). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 12 BP 3175 EP 3178 DI 10.1073/pnas.1519827113 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0QH UT WOS:000372488200036 PM 26951654 ER PT J AU Richardson, DE Marancik, KE Guyon, JR Lutcavage, ME Galuardi, B Lam, CH Walsh, HJ Wildes, S Yates, DA Hare, JA AF Richardson, David E. Marancik, Katrin E. Guyon, Jeffrey R. Lutcavage, Molly E. Galuardi, Benjamin Lam, Chi Hin Walsh, Harvey J. Wildes, Sharon Yates, Douglas A. Hare, Jonathan A. TI Discovery of a spawning ground reveals diverse migration strategies in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ichthyoplankton; Scombridae; large pelagic fish; pop-up satellite archival tag; population structure ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN ATLANTIC; NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DIVING BEHAVIOR; THERMAL BIOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; LARVAE; SATELLITE AB Atlantic bluefin tuna are a symbol of both the conflict between preservationist and utilitarian views of top ocean predators, and the struggle to reach international consensus on the management of migratory species. Currently, Atlantic bluefin tuna are managed as an early-maturing eastern stock, which spawns in the Mediterranean Sea, and a late-maturing western stock, which spawns in the Gulf of Mexico. However, electronic tagging studies show that many bluefin tuna, assumed to be of a mature size, do not visit either spawning ground during the spawning season. Whether these fish are spawning in an alternate location, skip-spawning, or not spawning until an older age affects how vulnerable this species is to anthropogenic stressors including exploitation. We use larval collections to demonstrate a bluefin tuna spawning ground in the Slope Sea, between the Gulf Stream and northeast United States continental shelf. We contend that western Atlantic bluefin tuna have a differential spawning migration, with larger individuals spawning in the Gulf of Mexico, and smaller individuals spawning in the Slope Sea. The current life history model, which assumes only Gulf of Mexico spawning, overestimates age at maturity for the western stock. Furthermore, individual tuna occupy both the Slope Sea and Mediterranean Sea in separate years, contrary to the prevailing view that individuals exhibit complete spawning-site fidelity. Overall, this complexity of spawning migrations questions whether there is complete independence in the dynamics of eastern and western Atlantic bluefin tuna and leads to lower estimates of the vulnerability of this species to exploitation and other anthropogenic stressors. C1 [Richardson, David E.; Walsh, Harvey J.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Marancik, Katrin E.] NOAA, Integrated Stat, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Wildes, Sharon; Yates, Douglas A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Lutcavage, Molly E.; Lam, Chi Hin] Univ Massachusetts Boston, Sch Environm, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Galuardi, Benjamin] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [Galuardi, Benjamin] NOAA, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM David.Richardson@noaa.gov FU Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers stipend FX We thank the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) Protected Species Branch for allowing us to sample plankton on their surveys; E. Broughton and the scientific parties and crews of the NOAA vessels for implementing the sampling; and fishermen tagging partners E. Murray, A. Mendillo, W. Chaprales, M. Genovese, E. Clark, E. Stewart, E. Jacquard, J. Jacquard, and C. Jacquard. M. Konieczna and the ichthyoplankton team at the Morski Instytut Rybacki in Poland initially identified the formalin-preserved larvae, and the scientists of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding sequenced the ethanol-preserved larvae. The Southeast Fisheries Science Center Pelagic Observer Program provided observer data. The late Capt. F. Cyganowski and P. C. Wilson are acknowledged for their contribution to this work. R. Cowen, G. Heinisch, J. Manderson, and R. Bell reviewed drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers stipend. Ship time was supported by NOAA, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and the US Navy through interagency agreements for Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS). NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 12 BP 3299 EP 3304 DI 10.1073/pnas.1525636113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH0QH UT WOS:000372488200057 PM 26951668 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Dienstfrey, A Browning, AR Tucker, S Christensen, S AF Patrone, Paul N. Dienstfrey, Andrew Browning, Andrea R. Tucker, Samuel Christensen, Stephen TI Uncertainty quantification in molecular dynamics studies of the glass transition temperature SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty quantification; Glass transition temperature; Crosslinked polymers; Molecular dynamics; High-throughput materials-modeling workflow ID CROSS-LINKED EPOXY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMOSET POLYMERS; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION; NETWORKS AB The composites industry is increasingly using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to inform its materials development decisions. As a result, there is growing awareness that simulated predictions require quantitative assessments of their quality in order to routinely provide reliable and actionable information. In the following, we develop a suite of uncertainty quantification (UQ) tools designed to assess simulation-based estimates of the glass transition temperature T-g of polymer systems for aerospace applications. We consider contributions to this uncertainty arising from: (i) identification of asymptotic regimes in density versus temperature relations; (ii) fluctuations associated with limited time-averaging of dynamical noise; (iii) and finite-size effects associated with partial averaging over polymer-network configurations. We present a sequence of analyses by which we assess each of these contributions and quantify their net effect on estimates of T-g. Importantly, these methods suggest more efficient workflows by indicating when multiple small simulations can be combined to yield estimates with uncertainties comparable to larger, more expensive simulations. We expect that related approaches will, in the future, be applicable to other physical quantities of interest as well as to a broader class of computational tools. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Its Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.; Dienstfrey, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Browning, Andrea R.; Tucker, Samuel; Christensen, Stephen] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Math & Its Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM paul.patrone@nist.gov FU Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) by NIST; National Science Foundation Math Institute [DMS-0931945] FX PNP was funded through the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) by a grant from NIST to the IMA. The IMA is a National Science Foundation Math Institute funded under award DMS-0931945. Thanks to The Boeing Company for providing computational resources to perform the molecular dynamics simulations. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 87 BP 246 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.074 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DF4WW UT WOS:000371353200026 ER PT J AU Lopez-Barron, CR Beltramo, PJ Liu, Y Choi, SM Lee, MJ AF Lopez-Barron, Carlos R. Beltramo, Peter J. Liu, Yun Choi, Sung-Min Lee, Min-Jae TI Mechanical, dielectric and structural characterization of cross-linked PEG-diacrylate/ethylammonium nitrate ionogels SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Ionogels; Solid electrolytes; Small-angle neutron scattering ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); ETHYLAMMONIUM NITRATE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; MATERIALS DESIGN; ELECTROLYTES; GELS; CONDUCTIVITY; TRIBLOCK AB We report the preparation and characterization of cross-linked ionogels (x-IGs) composed of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and the protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN). The cross-linking process has a huge effect on the mechanical properties of the solutions (forming stiff solids from Newtonian solutions) and a minimum penalty on the ionic conductivity. The interdependence of the mechanical and dielectric properties with the network structure of the x-IGs was studied using three experimental probes: torsion and compression mechanical testing, dielectric spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering. The microstructure, the mechanical strength and the conductivity of the x-IGs depend strongly on the polymer concentration and weakly on the temperature. High modulus and relatively low conductivities are associated to small cross-link junction lengths, xi, observed in concentrated samples, whereas large xi values, observed in dilute samples, result in high conductivities and relatively low modulus. The topological restriction to ionic transport (i.e., to conductivity) is quantified by the obstruction factor, which increases monotonically with xi, while the shear modulus exhibits a power law behavior, G similar to xi(-3), in accordance to linear viscoelastic theory. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez-Barron, Carlos R.] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. [Beltramo, Peter J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Choi, Sung-Min; Lee, Min-Jae] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Daejon, South Korea. RP Lopez-Barron, CR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. EM carlos.r.lopez-barron@exxonmobil.com RI Beltramo, Peter/J-4276-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Beltramo, Peter/0000-0003-3837-4457; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46626]; National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-0031931] FX We wish to thank Professor N. J. Wagner (University of Delaware) for the use of the facilities at the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware and for helpful comments. P.J.B acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-09ER46626. The authors acknowledge the HANARO Center of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute for providing access to the 40m SANS instrument used in this work. MJL is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2011-0031931). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 22 PY 2016 VL 87 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.008 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DF4WW UT WOS:000371353200031 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BR Lewandowski, HJ AF Wilcox, Bethany R. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Students' epistemologies about experimental physics: Validating the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for experimental physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS; BELIEFS AB Student learning in instructional physics labs represents a growing area of research that includes investigations of students' beliefs and expectations about the nature of experimental physics. To directly probe students' epistemologies about experimental physics and support broader lab transformation efforts at the University of Colorado Boulder and elsewhere, we developed the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for experimental physics (E-CLASS). Previous work with this assessment has included establishing the accuracy and clarity of the instrument through student interviews and preliminary testing. Several years of data collection at multiple institutions has resulted in a growing national data set of student responses. Here, we report on results of the analysis of these data to investigate the statistical validity and reliability of the E-CLASS as a measure of students' epistemologies for a broad student population. We find that the E-CLASS demonstrates an acceptable level of both validity and reliability on measures of item and test discrimination, test-retest reliability, partial-sample reliability, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and convergent validity. We also examine students' responses using principal component analysis and find that, as expected, the E-CLASS does not exhibit strong factors (a.k.a. categories). C1 [Wilcox, Bethany R.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilcox, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF-IUSE Grant [DUE-1432204] FX This work was funded by the NSF-IUSE Grant No. DUE-1432204. We give particular thanks to Benjamin Zwickl for his work on the initial development and validation of the E-CLASS. We give additional thanks to the members of PER@C for all their help and feedback. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9896 J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 AR UNSP 010123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.010123 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA EJ7DI UT WOS:000393381100001 ER PT J AU Zhdankin, V Boldyrev, S Chen, CHK AF Zhdankin, Vladimir Boldyrev, Stanislav Chen, Christopher H. K. TI Intermittency of energy dissipation in Alfvenic turbulence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE MHD; plasmas; turbulence; solar wind ID FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; LOG-POISSON STATISTICS; SOLAR-WIND TURBULENCE; HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBER; GAMMA-RAY FLARES; SCALING PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; ULYSSES MISSION AB We investigate the intermittency of energy dissipation in Alfvenic turbulence by considering the statistics of the coarse-grained energy dissipation rate, using direct measurements from numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and surrogate measurements from the solar wind. We compare the results to the predictions of the log-normal and log-Poisson random cascade models. We find that, to a very good approximation, the log-normal model describes the probability density function for the energy dissipation over a broad range of scales, but does not accurately describe the scaling exponents of the moments. The log-Poisson model better describes the scaling exponents of the moments, while the comparison with the probability density function is not straightforward. C1 [Zhdankin, Vladimir] Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhdankin, Vladimir] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhdankin, Vladimir] Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boldyrev, Stanislav] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boldyrev, Stanislav] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Chen, Christopher H. K.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Zhdankin, V (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhdankin, V (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhdankin, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zhdankin@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; Space Science Institute; NASA [NNX11AE12G]; National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1261659]; Imperial College Junior Research fellowship FX The authors would like to thank Jean Carlos Perez and Joanne Mason for providing data cubes for several of the numerical simulations analysed in this Letter. This research was supported by the NSF Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. SB is also supported by the Space Science Institute, by the NASA grant NNX11AE12G, and by the National Science Foundation under the grant NSF AGS-1261659. CHKC is supported by an Imperial College Junior Research fellowship. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 457 IS 1 BP L69 EP L73 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slv208 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DO9GY UT WOS:000378094600015 ER PT J AU Grieve, BD Curchitser, EN Rykaczewski, RR AF Grieve, Brian D. Curchitser, Enrique N. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. TI Range expansion of the invasive lionfish in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lionfish; Climate change; Biogeography; Invasive species; Southeast United States Continental Shelf; CMIP5 ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; PTEROIS-VOLITANS/MILES COMPLEX; STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; RED LIONFISH; COAST; SCORPAENIDAE; FISHES; MODEL; OCEAN AB Growing populations of invasive lionfishes Pterois volitans and P. miles have had detrimental impacts on native marine fish communities and transformed many of the reef ecosystems of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Over the last 3 decades, suitable environmental conditions and lack of natural biological controls have allowed lionfish populations to expand into areas ranging from the tropical waters of the Caribbean to the northern portions of the shelf break along the Southeast United States Continental Shelf (SEUSCS) during all months of the year. Under current climate conditions, continued expansion to waters further north or inshore from the shelf break is unlikely, given the physiological thermal tolerance of lionfish and the cooler temperatures of these waters. However, the geographic range of suitable environments may expand in the future with climate change. Here, we develop a conceptual model of the physical climate niche of lionfish and use projections of future ocean temperatures and salinities to explore potential lionfish habitat through the year 2100 under conditions of anthropogenic climate change. Without successful culling efforts or implementation of climate-change mitigation strategies, the spatial extent of suitable year-round lionfish habitat is expected to increase 45% on the SEUSCS during the 21st century, covering 90% of the region. Establishment of resident populations north of Cape Hatteras is unlikely. Nevertheless, in the coming decades, the potential impact of continued lionfish invasion on the valuable marine ecosystems of the SEUSCS is cause for concern. C1 [Grieve, Brian D.; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Grieve, Brian D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Grieve, BD (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.; Grieve, BD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM bgrieve@email.sc.edu RI Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU University of South Carolina FX Much of the work presented here was funded by the University of South Carolina. We thank Dujuan Kang for advice and technical support during use of the ROMS simulation, and Matt Kimball and Paula Whitfield for providing expertise and guidance on the project. We acknowledge Pam Schofield and the contributors to the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database, as well as NOAA for collecting and publishing bottom water trawl survey data. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. Lastly, we thank the 3 reviewers for providing helpful feedback. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 41 U2 83 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 546 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.3354/meps11638 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DJ5IQ UT WOS:000374240800018 ER PT J AU Friedman, LH Levin, I Cook, RF AF Friedman, Lawrence H. Levin, Igor Cook, Robert F. TI Stochastic behavior of nanoscale dielectric wall buckling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELASTIC-MODULI; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRONICS; CONVECTION; MECHANICS; SUBSTRATE; POLYMER AB The random buckling patterns of nanoscale dielectric walls are analyzed using a nonlinear multiscale stochastic method that combines experimental measurements with simulations. The dielectric walls, approximately 200 nm tall and 20 nm wide, consist of compliant, low dielectric constant (low-k) fins capped with stiff, compressively stressed TiN lines that provide the driving force for buckling. The deflections of the buckled lines exhibit sinusoidal pseudoperiodicity with amplitude fluctuation and phase decorrelation arising from stochastic variations in wall geometry, properties, and stress state at length scales shorter than the characteristic deflection wavelength of about 1000 nm. The buckling patterns are analyzed and modeled at two length scales: a longer scale (up to 5000 nm) that treats randomness as a longer-scale measurable quantity, and a shorter-scale (down to 20 nm) that treats buckling as a deterministic phenomenon. Statistical simulation is used to join the two length scales. Through this approach, the buckling model is validated and material properties and stress states are inferred. In particular, the stress state of TiN lines in three different systems is determined, along with the elastic moduli of low-k fins and the amplitudes of the smallscale random fluctuations in wall properties-all in the as-processed state. The important case of stochastic effects giving rise to buckling in a deterministically sub-critical buckling state is demonstrated. The nonlinear multiscale stochastic analysis provides guidance for design of low-k structures with acceptable buckling behavior and serves as a template for how randomness that is common to nanoscale phenomena might be measured and analyzed in other contexts. C1 [Friedman, Lawrence H.; Levin, Igor; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov RI Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 11 AR 114305 DI 10.1063/1.4943615 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI3FG UT WOS:000373383300024 ER PT J AU Lin, K Gong, PF Sun, J Ma, HQ Wang, Y You, L Deng, JX Chen, J Lin, ZS Kato, K Wu, H Huang, QZ Xing, XR AF Lin, Kun Gong, Pifu Sun, Jing Ma, Hongqiang Wang, You You, Li Deng, Jinxia Chen, Jun Lin, Zheshuai Kato, Kenichi Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen Xing, Xianran TI Thermal Expansion and Second Harmonic Generation Response of the Tungsten Bronze Pb2AgNb5O15 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLAR MATERIAL; BA0.5-XTAO3-X; ZRW2O8 AB The incorporation of transition metal element Ag was performed to explore negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials with tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structures. In this study, the structure and thermal expansion behaviors of a polar TTB oxide, Pb2AgNb5O15 (PAN), were systematically investigated by high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction, high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high-temperature X-ray diffractions. The TEM and Rietveld refinements revealed that the compound PAN displays (a(TTB), 2b(TTB), 2c(TTB))-type superstructure. This superstructure within the a-b plane is caused by the ordering of A-site cations, while the doubling of the c axis is mainly induced by a slight tilt distortion of the NbO6 octahedra. The transition metal Ag has larger spontaneous polarization displacements than Pb, but the Pb-O covalence seems to be weakened compared to the potassium counterpart Pb2KNb5O15 (PKN), which may account for the similar Curie temperature and uniaxial NTE behavior for PAN and PKN. Powder second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement indicates that PAN displays a moderate SHG response of similar to 0.2 xX LiNbO3 (or similar to 100 X alpha-SiO2) under 1064 nm laser radiation. The magnitudes of the local dipole moments in NbO6 and PbOx polyhedra were quantified using bond-valence approach. We show that the SHG response stems from the superposition of dipole moments of both the PbOx and NbO6 polyhedra. C1 [Lin, Kun; Sun, Jing; Ma, Hongqiang; Wang, You; Deng, Jinxia; Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [You, Li] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Gong, Pifu; Lin, Zheshuai] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Ctr Crystal R&D, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Key Lab Funct Crystals & Laser Technol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Kato, Kenichi] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Lin, ZS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Ctr Crystal R&D, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Key Lab Funct Crystals & Laser Technol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM zslin@mail.ipc.ac.cn; xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Lin, Zheshuai/K-6844-2012; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Lin, Zheshuai/0000-0002-9829-9893; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91022016, 21031005, 21231001, 91422301, 21590793]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [FRF-SD-13-008A] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91022016, 21031005, 21231001, 91422301, 21590793), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. FRF-SD-13-008A). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL44B2 of SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2015B1127). We thank Prof. J. Sun, Prof. G. Li, and Z. Zhou (Peking Univ.) for their help with the single-crystal diffraction measurements. We also thank Prof. K. M. Ok (Chung-Ang Univ.) for his useful discussion on the dipole moment calculations. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2864 EP 2869 DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02702 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DH3HJ UT WOS:000372677800023 PM 26928907 ER PT J AU Salvesen, G Simon, JB Armitage, PJ Begelman, MC AF Salvesen, Greg Simon, Jacob B. Armitage, Philip J. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Accretion disc dynamo activity in local simulations spanning weak-to-strong net vertical magnetic flux regimes SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; dynamo; instabilities; MHD; turbulence; X-rays: binaries ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS; BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; X-RAY BINARIES; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; RIEMANN SOLVER; TURBULENCE; DRIVEN AB Strongly magnetized accretion discs around black holes have attractive features that may explain enigmatic aspects of X-ray binary behaviour. The structure and evolution of these discs are governed by a dynamo-like mechanism, which channels part of the accretion power liberated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) into an ordered toroidal magnetic field. To study dynamo activity, we performed three-dimensional, stratified, isothermal, ideal magneto-hydrodynamic shearing box simulations. The strength of the self-sustained toroidal magnetic field depends on the net vertical magnetic flux, which we vary across almost the entire range over which the MRI is linearly unstable. We quantify disc structure and dynamo properties as a function of the initial ratio of mid-plane gas pressure to vertical magnetic field pressure, beta(mid)(0) = p(gas)/p(B). For 10(5) >= beta(mid)(0) >= 10 the effective alpha-viscosity parameter scales as a power law. Dynamo activity persists up to and including beta(0) (mid) = 10(2), at which point the entire vertical column of the disc is magnetic pressure dominated. Still stronger fields result in a highly inhomogeneous disc structure, with large density fluctuations. We show that the turbulent steady state beta(mid) in our simulations is well matched by the analytic model of Begelman et al. describing the creation and buoyant escape of toroidal field, while the vertical structure of the disc can be broadly reproduced using this model. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for observed properties of X-ray binaries. C1 [Salvesen, Greg; Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salvesen, Greg; Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salvesen, Greg; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Salvesen, G (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM salvesen@colorado.edu FU NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship program; California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; NASA under Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX11AE12G, NNX14AB42G]; NSF [AST-1313021, AST-1411879]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank the anonymous referee for her/his constructive comments and suggestions, which improved this paper. GS acknowledges support through the NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship program. JBS's support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. PJA acknowledges support from NASA under Astrophysics Theory Program awards NNX11AE12G and NNX14AB42G, and from the NSF under award AST-1313021. MCB acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1411879. This work used the JANUS supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The JANUS supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This work used the yt project (Turk et al. 2011), an open source data analysis and visualization toolkit for astrophysical simulations. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 457 IS 1 BP 857 EP 874 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw029 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH2FM UT WOS:000372599600059 ER PT J AU Zhao, XY Huang, PH Hu, XD AF Zhao, Xinyu Huang, Peihao Hu, Xuedong TI Doppler effect induced spin relaxation boom SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SPINTRONICS; ELECTRONS; FEEDBACK AB We study an electron spin qubit confined in a moving quantum dot (QD), with our attention on both spin relaxation, and the product of spin relaxation, the emitted phonons. We find that Doppler effect leads to several interesting phenomena. In particular, spin relaxation rate peaks when the QD motion is in the transonic regime, which we term a spin relaxation boom in analogy to the classical sonic boom. This peak indicates that a moving spin qubit may have even lower relaxation rate than a static qubit, pointing at the possibility of coherence-preserving transport for a spin qubit. We also find that the emitted phonons become strongly directional and narrow in their frequency range as the qubit reaches the supersonic regime, similar to Cherenkov radiation. In other words, fast moving excited spin qubits can act as a source of non-classical phonons. Compared to classical Cherenkov radiation, we show that quantum dot confinement produces a small but important correction on the Cherenkov angle. Taking together, these results have important implications to both spin-based quantum information processing and coherent phonon dynamics in semiconductor nanostructures. C1 [Zhao, Xinyu; Huang, Peihao; Hu, Xuedong] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Huang, Peihao] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Peihao] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, XY (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM xyzacademic@gmail.com RI Zhao, Xinyu/I-4198-2013; Huang, Peihao/D-2007-2010 OI Huang, Peihao/0000-0002-9835-6667 FU US ARO [W911NF0910393]; NSF PIF [PHY-1104672] FX We thank fruitful discussions with Jo-Tzu Hung, and acknowledge financial support by US ARO (W911NF0910393) and NSF PIF (PHY-1104672). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 23169 DI 10.1038/srep23169 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG9YF UT WOS:000372439000001 PM 26996253 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Dewey, MS Huber, MG Huffer, CR Huffman, PR Marley, DE Mumm, HP O'Shaughnessy, CM Schelhammer, KW Thompson, AK Yue, AT AF Coakley, K. J. Dewey, M. S. Huber, M. G. Huffer, C. R. Huffman, P. R. Marley, D. E. Mumm, H. P. O'Shaughnessy, C. M. Schelhammer, K. W. Thompson, A. K. Yue, A. T. TI Survival analysis approach to account for non-exponential decay rate effects in lifetime experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Competing risks; Magnetic trapping; Marginally trapped neutrons; Neutron lifetime; Survival analysis; Symplectic integration ID ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; COMPETING RISKS; MODELS; TIMES; TRAP AB In experiments that measure the lifetime of trapped particles, in addition to loss mechanisms with exponential survival probability functions, particles can be lost by mechanisms with non-exponential survival probability functions. Failure to account for such loss mechanisms produces systematic measurement error and associated systematic uncertainties in these measurements. In this work, we develop a general competing risks survival analysis method to account for the joint effect of loss mechanisms with either exponential or non-exponential survival probability functions, and a method to quantify the size of systematic effects and associated uncertainties for lifetime estimates. As a case study, we apply our survival analysis formalism and method to the Ultra Cold Neutron lifetime experiment at NIST. In this experiment, neutrons can escape a magnetic trap before they decay due to a wall loss mechanism with an associated non-exponential survival probability function. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dewey, M. S.; Huber, M. G.; Marley, D. E.; Mumm, H. P.; Thompson, A. K.; Yue, A. T.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huffer, C. R.; Huffman, P. R.; Marley, D. E.; Schelhammer, K. W.] N Carolina State Univ, 2401 Stinson Dr,Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Huffer, C. R.; Huffman, P. R.; O'Shaughnessy, C. M.; Schelhammer, K. W.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, 116 Sci Dr,Box 90308, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [O'Shaughnessy, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, 120 E Cameron Ave,CB 3255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevincoakley@nist.gov OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 FU NIST, US Department of Commerce; US National Science Foundation [PHY-0855593]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41042] FX We thank Grace Yang for useful comments. We acknowledge the support of the NIST, US Department of Commerce, in providing support, including the neutron facilities used in this work. This work is also supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Grant no. PHY-0855593 and the US Department of Energy under Grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41042. Contributions by staff of NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to copyright in the US. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 813 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.12.064 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DC6ZV UT WOS:000369369000011 ER PT J AU Shahi, CB Arif, M Cory, DG Mineeva, T Nsofini, J Sarenac, D Williams, CJ Huber, MG Pushin, DA AF Shahi, C. B. Arif, M. Cory, D. G. Mineeva, T. Nsofini, J. Sarenac, D. Williams, C. J. Huber, M. G. Pushin, D. A. TI A new polarized neutron interferometry facility at the NCNR SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Neutron interferometry; Polarized neutrons; Quantum information science ID PHASE-SHIFT; ROTATION; SCATTERING; DEVICES AB A new monochromatic beamline and facility has been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) devoted to neutron interferometry in the research areas of spin control, spin manipulation, quantum mechanics, quantum information science, spintronics, and material science. This facility is possible in part because of advances in decoherence free subspace interferometer designs that have demonstrated consistent contrast in the presence of vibrational noise; a major environmental constraint that has prevented neutron interferometry from being applied at other neutron facilities. Neutron interferometry measures the phase difference between a neutron wave function propagating along two spatially separated paths. It is a practical example of self interference and due to its modest path separation of a few centimeters allows the insertion of samples and macroscopic neutron spin rotators. Phase shifts can be caused by gravitational, magnetic and nuclear interactions as well as purely quantum mechanical effects making interferometer a robust tool in neutron research. This new facility is located in the guide hall of the NCNR upstream of the existing Neutron Interferometry and Optics Facility (NIOF) and has several advantages over the NIOF including higher incident flux, better neutron polarization, and increased accessibility. The long term goal for the new facility is to be a user supported beamline and makes neutron interferometer more generally available to the scientific community. This paper addresses both the capabilities and characteristics of the new facility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shahi, C. B.] Tulane Univ, Phys & Engn Phys Dept, New Orleans, LA 70188 USA. [Arif, M.; Williams, C. J.; Huber, M. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Cory, D. G.; Nsofini, J.; Sarenac, D.; Pushin, D. A.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.; Mineeva, T.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Nsofini, J.; Sarenac, D.; Pushin, D. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Huber, MG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM michael.huber@nist.gov; dmitry.pushin@uwaterloo.ca OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; Nsofini, Joachim/0000-0003-0861-478X FU NSERC; CERC; NIST; NSF [PHY-1205342] FX We are very grateful for the engineering and technical support staff of NCNR and NIST without which this addition would not have been possible. Specifically, we would like to thank D. Pierce for all his work on implementing the guide cut, J. Barker and C. Gagnon for a disk chopper, and G. Balitc for technical assistance. Financial support provided by the NSERC "Create" and "Discovery" programs, CERC and the NIST Quantum Information Program, and NSF Grant PHY-1205342 is acknowledged. DAQ software is written and maintained by D.L. Jacobson. We greatly appreciate interferometry discussions with S.A. Werner. This work is supported by NIST. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 813 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.023 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA DC6ZV UT WOS:000369369000014 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Townsend, PA AF Uhrin, Amy V. Townsend, Philip A. TI Improved seagrass mapping using linear spectral unmixing of aerial photographs SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Seagrass spatial configuration; Seagrass classification; Linear spectral unmixing; Visual photointerpretation; Remote sensing; Digital aerial photography; North Carolina ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; WATER DEPTH; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SHALLOW WATERS; CORAL-REEF; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT AB Mapping of seagrass is challenging, particularly in areas where seagrass cover ranges from extensive, continuous meadows to aggregations of patchy mounds often no more than a meter across. Manual delineation of seagrass habitat polygons through visual photointerpretation of high resolution aerial imagery remains the most widely adopted approach for mapping seagrass extent but polygons often include unvegetated gaps. Although mapped polygon data exist for many estuaries, these are likely insufficient to accurately characterize spatial pattern or estimate area actually occupied by seagrass. We evaluated whether a linear spectral unmixing (LSU) classifier applied to manually-delineated seagrass polygons clipped from digital aerial images could improve mapping of seagrass in North Carolina. Representative seagrass endmembers were chosen directly from images and used to unmix image-clipped polygons, resulting in fraction planes (maps) of the proportion of seagrass present in each image pixel. Thresholding was used to generate seagrass maps for each pixel proportion from 0 (no thresholding, all pixel proportions included) to 1 (only pixels having 100% seagrass) in 0.1 increments. The optimal pixel proportion for identifying seagrass was assessed using Euclidean distance calculated from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and overall thematic accuracy calculated from confusion matrices. We assessed overall classifier performance using Kappa statistics and Area Under the (ROC) Curve (AUC). We compared seagrass area calculated from each threshold map to the total area of the corresponding manually-delineated polygon. LSU effectively classified seagrass and performed better than a random classification as indicated by high values for both Kappa statistics (0.72-98) and AUC (0.80-0.99). The LSU classifier effectively distinguished between seagrass and bare substrate resulting in fine-scale sea grass maps with overall thematic accuracies that exceeded our expected accuracy target of 85% (range: 86.3-99.0%) and were comparable to those reported from previous seagrass mapping studies utilizing aerial image spectral data. The pixel proportion producing seagrass maps with highest accuracy varied among sites (range: 0 to 0.5). The optimal pixel proportion determined from Euclidean distance varied among sites (range: 0.2 to 0.6) and differed from those having highest accuracy. Importantly, the classifier identified small patches of seagrass, resulting in seagrass area estimates that were 2-94% lower than the area of the corresponding habitat polygon. We conclude that where seagrass polygon data exist, LSU can be used together with photointerpretation to generate spatially resolved maps suitable for analysis of seagrass spatial configuration and provide improved estimates of actual seagrass acreage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Uhrin, Amy V.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Uhrin, Amy V.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Ecosyst & Landscape Ecol Lab, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Uhrin, Amy V.] Natl Ocean Serv, Dept Commerce, NOAA, Off Response & Restorat,Marine Debris Div, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4 Room 10-240, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv,Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.; Uhrin, AV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Ecosyst & Landscape Ecol Lab, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Uhrin, AV (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Dept Commerce, NOAA, Off Response & Restorat,Marine Debris Div, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4 Room 10-240, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM amy.uhrin@noaa.gov; ptownsend@wisc.edu RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU NOAA National Ocean Service Coastal Science Board; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX Funding was provided by the NOAA National Ocean Service Coastal Science Board with indirect support from the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Aerial imagery was generously provided by the Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Partnership. We thank X. Liu, M. Ozdogan, R. Phetteplace, and B. Spaier for technical assistance. We benefited from discussion with P. Blank, J. Brandt, E. Erdmann, M. Fonseca, M. Garcia, R. Graves, B. Harvey, M. Jackson, J. Qiu, and T. Whitby. The manuscript was strengthened by comments from D. Field, M. Finkbeiner, C. Hu, P. Marraro, M. Turner, J. Zedler and two anonymous reviewers assigned by the journal. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2016 VL 171 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.021 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DJ4SX UT WOS:000374199400002 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Naik, P Son, S AF Wang, Menghua Naik, Puneeta Son, SeungHyun TI Out-of-band effects of satellite ocean color sensors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; EAST CHINA SEA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; YELLOW SEA; BOHAI SEA; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM AB We analyze the sensor out-of-band (OOB) effects for satellite ocean color sensors of the sea-viewing wild field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) for phytoplankton-dominated open oceans and turbid coastal and inland waters, following the approach of Wang et al. [Appl. Opt. 40, 343 (2001)]. The applicability of the open ocean water reflectance model of Morel and Maritorena [J. Geophys. Res. 106, 7163 (2001)] (MM01) for the sensor OOB effects is analyzed for oligotrophic waters in Hawaii. The MM01 model predicted OOB contributions for oligotrophic waters are consistent with the result from in situ measurements. The OOB effects cause an apparent shift in sensor band center wavelengths in radiometric response, which depends on the sensor spectral response function and the target radiance being measured. Effective band center wavelength is introduced and calculated for three satellite sensors and for various water types. Using the effective band center wavelengths, satellite and in situ measured water optical property data can be more meaningfully and accurately compared. It is found that, for oligotrophic waters, the OOB effect is significant for the SeaWiFS 555 nm band (and somewhat 510 nm band), MODIS 412 nm band, and VIIRS 551 nm band. VIIRS and SeaWiFS have similar sensor OOB performance. For coastal and inland waters, however, the OOB effect is generally not significant for all three sensors, even though some small OOB effects do exist. This study highlights the importance of understanding the sensor OOB effect and the necessity of a complete prelaunch sensor characterization on the quality of ocean color products. Furthermore, it shows that hyperspectral in situ optics measurements are preferred for the purpose of accurately validating satellite-measured normalized water-leaving radiance spectra data. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Menghua; Naik, Puneeta; Son, SeungHyun] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Naik, Puneeta; Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2312 EP 2323 DI 10.1364/AO.55.002312 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI3LO UT WOS:000373400400027 PM 27140568 ER PT J AU Gault, B Saxey, DW Ashton, MW Sinnott, SB Chiaramonti, AN Moody, MP Schreiber, DK AF Gault, Baptiste Saxey, David W. Ashton, Michael W. Sinnott, Susan B. Chiaramonti, Ann N. Moody, Michael P. Schreiber, Daniel K. TI Behavior of molecules and molecular ions near a field emitter SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field evaporation; field ionization; atom probe tomography (APT); molecular dissociation ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTOR; EVAPORATED IONS; POST-IONIZATION; DIRECTIONAL WALK; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; QUANTUM-THEORY; CHARGE STATES; CLUSTER IONS; DESORPTION AB The cold emission of particles from surfaces under intense electric fields is a process which underpins a variety of applications including atom probe tomography (APT), an analytical microscopy technique with near-atomic spatial resolution. Increasingly relying on fast laser pulsing to trigger the emission, APT experiments often incorporate the detection of molecular ions emitted from the specimen, in particular from covalently or ionically bonded materials. Notably, it has been proposed that neutral molecules can also be emitted during this process. However, this remains a contentious issue. To investigate the validity of this hypothesis, a careful review of the literature is combined with the development of new methods to treat experimental APT data, the modeling of ion trajectories, and the application of density-functional theory simulations to derive molecular ion energetics. It is shown that the direct thermal emission of neutral molecules is extremely unlikely. However, neutrals can still be formed in the course of an APT experiment by dissociation of metastable molecular ions. C1 [Gault, Baptiste; Moody, Michael P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX13PH, England. [Gault, Baptiste] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Dept Microstruct Phys & Alloy Design, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Saxey, David W.] Curtin Univ, Adv Resource Characterisat Facil, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Saxey, David W.] Curtin Univ, John Laeter Ctr, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. [Ashton, Michael W.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Sinnott, Susan B.] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chiaramonti, Ann N.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schreiber, Daniel K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gault, B (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX13PH, England. EM b.gault@mpie.de RI Moody, Michael/H-9377-2013; OI Moody, Michael/0000-0002-9256-0966; Sinnott, Susan/0000-0002-3598-0403; Gault, Baptiste/0000-0002-4934-0458; Saxey, David/0000-0001-7433-946X FU Drs Brian Geiser & Drs David Larson (Cameca); EPSRC [GR/S49391/01]; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/077664/1]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX BG acknowledges Shyeh Tjing (Cleo) Loi (University of Sydney) who performed the BEM simulations, with support from Drs Brian Geiser & Drs David Larson (Cameca). Dr Frederic De Geuser (CNRS, UJF, France) is acknowledged for fruitful discussions and commenting on the manuscript. Dr Lan Yao (U Michigan) is thanked for providing the code to compute the Kingham curves. The Cambridge Centre of Gallium Nitride is acknowledged as the source of the material used in some of these analyses, for work has been funded, in part, by the EPSRC (GR/S49391/01) and these atom probe analyses were performed at the UKAtom-probe Facility at the University of Oxford-funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant no. EP/077664/1. DKS acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. Lyle Gordon (PNNL) is acknowledged for providing the Fe3O4 sample described in this study. NR 107 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 18 AR 033031 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/3/033031 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI8CA UT WOS:000373727300003 ER PT J AU Grisins, P Rauer, B Langen, T Schmiedmayer, J Mazets, IE AF Grisins, Pjotrs Rauer, Bernhard Langen, Tim Schmiedmayer, Joerg Mazets, Igor E. TI Degenerate Bose gases with uniform loss SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ATOMS; DISSIPATION; DRIVEN AB We theoretically investigate a weakly interacting degenerate Bose gas coupled to an empty Markovian bath. We show that in the universal phononic limit the system evolves towards an asymptotic state where an emergent temperature is set by the quantum noise of the outcoupling process. For situations typically encountered in experiments, this mechanism leads to significant cooling. Such dissipative cooling supplements conventional evaporative cooling and dominates in settings where thermalization is highly suppressed, such as in a one-dimensional quasicondensate. C1 [Grisins, Pjotrs] Univ Geneva, Dept Quantum Matter Phys, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Grisins, Pjotrs; Rauer, Bernhard; Langen, Tim; Schmiedmayer, Joerg; Mazets, Igor E.] TU Wien, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Atominst, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. [Mazets, Igor E.] Wolfgang Pauli Inst, Oskar Morgenstern Pl 1, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Langen, Tim] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langen, Tim] NIST, 440 Univ Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Grisins, P (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Quantum Matter Phys, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Grisins, P (reprint author), TU Wien, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Atominst, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. EM pjotrs.grisins@unige.ch RI Mazets, Igor/D-4862-2011; Schmiedmayer, Jorg/B-4717-2008 OI Mazets, Igor/0000-0002-3769-8313; Schmiedmayer, Jorg/0000-0001-7799-5614 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P22590-N16]; ERC grant QuantumRelax; CoQuS doctoral program; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship FX We are thankful to A. Polkovnikov for valuable input at the beginning of this project and I. Carusotto for enlightening discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant No. P22590-N16, ERC grant QuantumRelax, the CoQuS doctoral program (P.G. and B.R.), and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship (T.L.). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 033634 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033634 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DG9JV UT WOS:000372399500004 ER PT J AU Conley, S Franco, G Faloona, I Blake, DR Peischl, J Ryerson, TB AF Conley, S. Franco, G. Faloona, I. Blake, D. R. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. TI Methane emissions from the 2015 Aliso Canyon blowout in Los Angeles, CA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OZONE FORMATION; FLOW-RATE; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; OIL AB Single-point failures of natural gas infrastructure can hamper methane emission control strategies designed to mitigate climate change. The 23 October 2015 blowout of a well connected to the Aliso Canyon underground storage facility in California resulted in a massive release of natural gas. Analysis of methane and ethane data from dozens of plume transects, collected during 13 research-aircraft flights between 7 November 2015 and 13 February 2016, shows atmospheric leak rates of up to 60 metric tons of methane and 4.5 metric tons of ethane per hour. At its peak, this blowout effectively doubled the methane emission rate of the entire Los Angeles basin and, in total, released 97,100 metric tons of methane to the atmosphere. C1 [Conley, S.] Sci Aviat, 3335 Airport Rd, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Conley, S.; Faloona, I.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Franco, G.] Calif Energy Commiss, Res & Dev Div, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Conley, S (reprint author), Sci Aviat, 3335 Airport Rd, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.; Conley, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sconley@scientificaviation.com RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; FU California Energy Commission through University of California-Davis [201401201]; Southern California Gas Company; Aliso Canyon; California Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project) [CA-D-LAW-2229-H]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program FX The first two Scientific Aviation flights were funded by the California Energy Commission through University of California-Davis project #201401201. Subsequent flights were funded by the Southern California Gas Company, the operator of the Aliso Canyon storage facility. I.F. was supported in part by the California Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch project CA-D-LAW-2229-H). J.P. and T.R. were supported in part by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program. We acknowledge the contributions of M. Trainer for scientific input and K. Aikin and S. Wolter for time-critical technical support. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do net constitute endorsement by their funding agencies. Data used in this report are posted at esrldioaa.gov/csd/scientificaviation. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 19 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 351 IS 6279 BP 1317 EP 1320 DI 10.1126/science.aaf2348 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG9JD UT WOS:000372397700042 PM 26917596 ER PT J AU Maghrebi, MF Gong, ZX Foss-Feig, M Gorshkov, AV AF Maghrebi, Mohammad F. Gong, Zhe-Xuan Foss-Feig, Michael Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Causality and quantum criticality in long-range lattice models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; SYSTEMS; DIAMOND; ENTANGLEMENT; PROPAGATION; DIMENSIONS; TRANSITION; SIMULATOR; DYNAMICS AB Long-range quantum lattice systems often exhibit drastically different behavior than their short-range counterparts. In particular, because they do not satisfy the conditions for the Lieb-Robinson theorem, they need not have an emergent relativistic structure in the form of a light cone. Adopting a field-theoretic approach, we study the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions, and a fermionic model with long-range hopping and pairing terms, explore their critical and near-critical behavior, and characterize their response to local perturbations. We deduce the dynamic critical exponent, up to the two-loop order within the renormalization group theory, which we then use to characterize the emergent causal behavior. We show that beyond a critical value of the power-law exponent of the long-range couplings, the dynamics effectively becomes relativistic. Various other critical exponents describing correlations in the ground state, as well as deviations from a linear causal cone, are deduced for a wide range of the power-law exponent. C1 [Maghrebi, Mohammad F.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maghrebi, MF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magrebi@umd.edu RI Gong, Zhexuan/G-4348-2016; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF PIF; AFOSR; ARO; ARL; NSF PFC at the JQI; AFOSR MURI; NRC FX We thank M. A. Rajabpour, L. Lepori, G. Pupillo, and D. Vodola for discussions. This work was supported by the NSF PIF, AFOSR, ARO, ARL, NSF PFC at the JQI, and AFOSR MURI. M.F.-F. thanks the NRC for support. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 12 AR 125128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125128 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9OM UT WOS:000372413300003 ER PT J AU Marsili, F Stevens, MJ Kozorezov, A Verma, VB Lambert, C Stern, JA Horansky, RD Dyer, S Duff, S Pappas, DP Lita, AE Shaw, MD Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Marsili, F. Stevens, M. J. Kozorezov, A. Verma, V. B. Lambert, Colin Stern, J. A. Horansky, R. D. Dyer, S. Duff, S. Pappas, D. P. Lita, A. E. Shaw, M. D. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI Hotspot relaxation dynamics in a current-carrying superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; QUASI-PARTICLE; EFFICIENCY AB We experimentally studied the dynamics of optically excited hotspots in current-carrying WSi superconducting nanowires as a function of bias current, bath temperature, and excitation wavelength. We observed that the hotspot relaxation time depends on bias current, temperature, and wavelength. We explained this effect with a model based on quasiparticle recombination, which provides insight into the quasiparticle dynamics of superconductors. C1 [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stevens, M. J.; Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R. D.; Dyer, S.; Duff, S.; Pappas, D. P.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kozorezov, A.; Lambert, Colin] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. RP Marsili, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM francesco.marsili.dr@jpl.nasa.gov FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A.K. and C.L. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 9 AR 094518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.094518 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9KK UT WOS:000372401300002 ER PT J AU Letterly, A Key, J Liu, YH AF Letterly, Aaron Key, Jeffrey Liu, Yinghui TI The influence of winter cloud on summer sea ice in the Arctic, 1983-2013 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Arctic clouds; sea ice; cloud-ice interaction ID POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; RADIATION PROPERTIES; RECENT TRENDS; SURFACE; FLUXES; AMPLIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; REANALYSES; FRACTION; MODELS AB Arctic sea ice extent has declined dramatically over the last two decades, with the fastest decrease and greatest variability in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. Thinner ice in these areas is more susceptible to changes in cloud cover, heat and moisture advection, and surface winds. Using two climate reanalyses and satellite data, it is shown that increased wintertime surface cloud forcing contributed to the 2007 summer sea ice minimum. An analysis over the period 1983-2013 reveals that reanalysis cloud forcing anomalies in the East Siberian and Kara Seas precondition the ice pack and, as a result, explain 25% of the variance in late summer sea ice concentration. This finding was supported by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud cover anomalies, which explain up to 45% of the variance in sea ice concentration. Results suggest that winter cloud forcing anomalies in this area have predictive capabilities for summer sea ice anomalies across much of the central and Eurasian Arctic. C1 [Letterly, Aaron; Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Key, Jeffrey] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. RP Letterly, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. EM aaron.letterly@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office; NOAA Climate Data Records program FX This research was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office and the NOAA Climate Data Records program. We are grateful to the University of Illinois Cryosphere Today website (http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/) for providing their ice products to the scientific community. Sea ice data were obtained from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). MODIS data were acquired from the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS) and can be downloaded at https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html. CALIPSO data can be downloaded at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/. MERRA data were downloaded from http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/FTPSubset.pl?LOOKUPID_List=MAIMCP ASM, and ERA can be found at http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-mnth. We thank M. Tschudi for providing the sea ice motion data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2178 EP 2187 DI 10.1002/2015JD024316 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI6HB UT WOS:000373598700009 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Tham, YJ Zha, QZ Xue, LK Poon, S Wang, Z Blake, DR Tsui, W Parrish, DD Wang, T AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Tham, Yee Jun Zha, Qiaozhi Xue, Likun Poon, Steven Wang, Zhe Blake, Donald R. Tsui, Wilson Parrish, David D. Wang, Tao TI Nighttime chemistry at a high altitude site above Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nighttime chemistry; N2O5; ClNO2; air quality; ozone; aerosol ID NOCTURNAL NITROGEN-OXIDES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADICAL CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-QUALITY; DAYTIME NO3; N2O5; NITRATE; CHINA; OZONE AB Nighttime reactions of nitrogen oxides influence ozone, volatile organic compounds, and aerosol and are thus important to the understanding of regional air quality. Despite large emissions and rapid recent growth of nitrogen oxide concentrations, there are few studies of nighttime chemistry in China. Here we present measurements of nighttime nitrogen oxides, NO3 and N2O5, from a coastal mountaintop site in Hong Kong adjacent to the megacities of the Pearl River Delta region. This is the first study of nighttime chemistry from a site within the residual layer in China. Key findings include the following. First, highly concentrated urban NOx outflow from the Pearl River Delta region was sampled infrequently at night, with N2O5 mixing ratios up to 8ppbv (1min average) or 12ppbv (1s average) in nighttime aged air masses. Second, the average N2O5 uptake coefficient was determined from a best fit to the available steady state lifetime data as (N2O5)=0.0140.007. Although this determination is uncertain due to the difficulty of separating N2O5 losses from those of NO3, this value is in the range of previous residual layer determinations of N2O5 uptake coefficients in polluted air in North America. Third, there was a significant contribution of biogenic hydrocarbons to NO3 loss inferred from canister samples taken during daytime. Finally, daytime N2O5 mixing ratios were in accord with their predicted photochemical steady state. Heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 in fog is determined to be an important production mechanism for soluble nitrate, even during daytime. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, Steven S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dube, William P.; Parrish, David D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tham, Yee Jun; Zha, Qiaozhi; Xue, Likun; Poon, Steven; Wang, Zhe; Wang, Tao] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Tsui, Wilson] PTC Int Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA.; Brown, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Wang, Zhe/C-1660-2012; Xue, Likun/B-5816-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377; Wang, Zhe/0000-0002-5627-6562; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program; Hong Kong Research Grants Council [PolyU 153026/14P]; Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department; Hong Kong Polytechnic University FX S.S.B., W.P.D., and D.D.P. acknowledge support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program for this work. The Hong Kong team acknowledges support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153026/14P), the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The authors would like to thank Xu Zheng and Wang Xinfeng for their support in setting up the site and to Peter K.K. Louie, and Connie W.Y. Luk for their help with access to the TMS site and for providing some TMS local wind data. Data are available upon request (steven.s.brown@noaa.gov, tao.wang@polyu.edu.hk). NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 15 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2457 EP 2475 DI 10.1002/2015JD024566 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI6HB UT WOS:000373598700025 ER PT J AU Wang, T Tham, YJ Xue, LK Li, QY Zha, QZ Wang, Z Poon, SCN Dube, WP Blake, DR Louie, PKK Luk, CWY Tsui, W Brown, SS AF Wang, Tao Tham, Yee Jun Xue, Likun Li, Qinyi Zha, Qiaozhi Wang, Zhe Poon, Steven C. N. Dube, William P. Blake, Donald R. Louie, Peter K. K. Luk, Connie W. Y. Tsui, Wilson Brown, Steven S. TI Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitryl chloride; dinitrogen pentoxide; heterogeneous uptake; ozone; chemical ionization mass spectrometry ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; HETEROGENEOUS PROCESSES; AIR-POLLUTION; HONG-KONG; N2O5; CLNO2 AB Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) plays potentially important roles in atmospheric chemistry, but its abundance and effect are not fully understood due to the small number of ambient observations of ClNO2 to date. In late autumn 2013, ClNO2 was measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) at a mountain top (957m above sea level) in Hong Kong. During 12 nights with continuous CIMS data, elevated mixing ratios of ClNO2 (>400 parts per trillion by volume) or its precursor N2O5 (>1000pptv) were observed on six nights, with the highest ever reported ClNO2 (4.7ppbv, 1min average) and N2O5 (7.7ppbv, 1min average) in one case. Backward particle dispersion calculations driven by winds simulated with a mesoscale meteorological model show that the ClNO2/N2O5-laden air at the high-elevation site was due to transport of urban/industrial pollution north of the site. The highest ClNO2/N2O5 case was observed in a later period of the night and was characterized with extensively processed air and with the presence of nonoceanic chloride. A chemical box model with detailed chlorine chemistry was used to assess the possible impact of the ClNO2 in the well-processed regional plume on next day ozone, as the air mass continued to downwind locations. The results show that the ClNO2 could enhance ozone by 5-16% at the ozone peak or 11-41% daytime ozone production in the following day. This study highlights varying importance of the ClNO2 chemistry in polluted environments and the need to consider this process in photochemical models for prediction of ground-level ozone and haze. C1 [Wang, Tao; Tham, Yee Jun; Li, Qinyi; Zha, Qiaozhi; Wang, Zhe; Poon, Steven C. N.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Xue, Likun] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Dube, William P.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dube, William P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Louie, Peter K. K.; Luk, Connie W. Y.] Govt Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Environm Protect Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Tsui, Wilson] PTC Int Ltd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Brown, Steven S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM cetwang@polyu.edu.hk RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Wang, Zhe/C-1660-2012; Xue, Likun/B-5816-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014 OI Wang, Zhe/0000-0002-5627-6562; WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377 FU Hong Kong Research Grants Council [PolyU 153026/14P]; Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) Program FX The authors would like to thank Much Yeung, Zhou Shengzhen, Gao Yuan, Xu Zheng, and Wang Xinfeng for their support during the campaign and sample analysis, to Liu Qiang and Zhang Li for help in calculation of back trajectories and WRF simulation, to Lv Mengyao, and Hong Kong Observatory for help in providing observational meteorological data. HYSPLIT model is made available by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory. This work was funded by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153026/14P) with additional support from the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Steven S. Brown and William P. Dube acknowledge support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) Program. Both the data and source code of the revised chlorine chemistry module for the MCM model used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request (cetwang@polyu.edu.hk). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation of their use. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 13 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2476 EP 2489 DI 10.1002/2015JD024556 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI6HB UT WOS:000373598700026 ER PT J AU Irisov, V Plant, W AF Irisov, V. Plant, W. TI Phillips' Lambda function: Data summary and physical model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea waves; wave breaking ID WAVES; SURFACE; SPECTRA; RANGE; OCEAN AB Measurements of Phillips' Lambda function describing the average length of breakers on the ocean per unit area at speed c(b) are summarized. An expression is developed that fits these data within reasonable bounds. A physical model for the Lambda function is derived based on the assumption that breaking occurs when the surface steepness exceeds a threshold value. The energy contained in the breaking region is related to the fifth power of the breaker speed, as Phillips showed, and from this the probability of finding a breaker with a speed c(b) may be determined from a simulation of the long-wave surface based on a linear superposition of Fourier components. This probability is directly related to the Lambda function so that a form for this function can be determined. The Lambda function so determined agrees in both shape and intensity with the fit to the measured Lambda functions. C1 [Irisov, V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Zel Technol LLC, Westminster, CO USA. [Plant, W.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Irisov, V (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Zel Technol LLC, Westminster, CO USA. EM vladimir.irisov@gmail.com FU NASA [NN11AL27G] FX The work was supported by NASA grant NN11AL27G. Supporting data can be obtained from V. Irisov (vladimir.iri-sov@gmail.com). We are very thankful to A. Babanin for the useful discussion and corrections. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2053 EP 2058 DI 10.1002/2015GL067352 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800033 ER PT J AU Scannell, HA Pershing, AJ Alexander, MA Thomas, AC Mills, KE AF Scannell, Hillary A. Pershing, Andrew J. Alexander, Michael A. Thomas, Andrew C. Mills, Katherine E. TI Frequency of marine heatwaves in the North Atlantic and North Pacific since 1950 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE marine heatwave; power law; SST anomaly; climate variability ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HEAT WAVES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EUROPEAN HEATWAVE; SST ANOMALIES; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; IMPACTS; LAW AB Extreme and large-scale warming events in the ocean have been dubbed marine heatwaves, and these have been documented in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This paper examines the intensity, duration, and frequency of positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans over the period 1950-2014 using an objective definition for marine heatwaves based on their probability of occurrence. Small-area anomalies occur more frequently than large-area anomalies, and this relationship can be characterized by a power law distribution. The relative frequency of large- versus small-area anomalies, represented by the power law slope parameter, is modulated by basin-scale modes of natural climate variability and anthropogenic warming. Findings suggest that the probability of marine heatwaves is a trade-off between size, intensity, and duration and that region specific variability modulates the frequency of these events. C1 [Scannell, Hillary A.; Thomas, Andrew C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Scannell, Hillary A.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Mills, Katherine E.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scannell, HA (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA.; Scannell, HA (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. EM scanh@uw.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU NSF Coastal SEES grant [OCE1325484] FX The NSF Coastal SEES grant OCE1325484 supported this research. The ERSSTv3b was provided by NOAA/NCDC. NOAA/PSD provided the AMO unsmoothed 1948 to present and Nino3.4 indices. The NAO index was provided by NOAA/CPC, and the PDO index was from Nathan Mantua at the University of Washington (http://research.jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest). We are grateful for two anonymous reviewers for their help in improving this manuscript and discussions with Patrick Sullivan of Cornell University. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2069 EP 2076 DI 10.1002/2015GL067308 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800035 ER PT J AU Nevison, CD Manizza, M Keeling, RF Stephens, BB Bent, JD Dunne, J Ilyina, T Long, M Resplandy, L Tjiputra, J Yukimoto, S AF Nevison, C. D. Manizza, M. Keeling, R. F. Stephens, B. B. Bent, J. D. Dunne, J. Ilyina, T. Long, M. Resplandy, L. Tjiputra, J. Yukimoto, S. TI Evaluating CMIP5 ocean biogeochemistry and Southern Ocean carbon uptake using atmospheric potential oxygen: Present-day performance and future projection SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE APO; CMIP5 models; Southern Ocean carbon cycle; carbon cycle; ocean carbon sink; air-sea fluxes ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRAKE PASSAGE; CO2 FLUXES; O-2; CYCLE; FORMULATION AB Observed seasonal cycles in atmospheric potential oxygen (APO similar to O-2+1.1 CO2) were used to evaluate eight ocean biogeochemistry models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Model APO seasonal cycles were computed from the CMIP5 air-sea O-2 and CO2 fluxes and compared to observations at three Southern Hemisphere monitoring sites. Four of the models captured either the observed APO seasonal amplitude or phasing relatively well, while the other four did not. Many models had an unrealistic seasonal phasing or amplitude of the CO2 flux, which in turn influenced APO. By 2100 under RCP8.5, the models projected little change in the O-2 component of APO but large changes in the seasonality of the CO2 component associated with ocean acidification. The models with poorer performance on present-day APO tended to project larger net carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean, both today and in 2100. C1 [Nevison, C. D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manizza, M.; Keeling, R. F.; Resplandy, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stephens, B. B.; Bent, J. D.; Long, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dunne, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ilyina, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res & Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Yukimoto, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Nevison, CD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cynthia.nevison@colorado.edu RI Long, Matthew/H-4632-2016 OI Long, Matthew/0000-0003-1273-2957 FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; National Science Foundation; NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry [NNX11AL73G]; Norwegian Research Council [239965]; EU project CRESCENDO [641816] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the CMIP5 ocean modelers for providing the output that made this project possible. In particular, we thank Keith Lindsay, Paul Halloran, and Christoph Heinze for their assistance. We are also grateful to Anna Cabre, Mo Green, and Irina Marinov for help in obtaining CMIP5 output, to Andrew Schuh for help with the GEOS-Chem simulations, and to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. C.D.N. and M.M. acknowledge support from NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry grant NNX11AL73G and J.T. acknowledges Norwegian Research Council-funded ORGANIC project (239965). This study is a contribution to the EU H2020 project CRESCENDO (grant 641816). The data used are listed in the references and supporting information. The APO observations are available from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography under http://scrippso2.ucsd.edu and http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu. The CMIP5 output fields are available from http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/data_portal.html. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2077 EP 2085 DI 10.1002/2015GL067584 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800036 ER PT J AU Deser, C Sun, LT Tomas, RA Screen, J AF Deser, Clara Sun, Lantao Tomas, Robert A. Screen, James TI Does ocean coupling matter for the northern extratropical response to projected Arctic sea ice loss? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic sea ice; climate response; Northern Annular Mode ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; MIDLATITUDE WEATHER; COLD WINTERS; AMPLIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB The question of whether ocean coupling matters for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere atmospheric response to projected late 21st century Arctic sea ice loss is addressed using a series of experiments with Community Climate System Model version 4 at 1 degrees spatial resolution under different configurations of the ocean model component: no interactive ocean, thermodynamic slab ocean, and full-depth (dynamic plus thermodynamic) ocean. Ocean-atmosphere coupling magnifies the response to Arctic sea ice loss but does not change its overall structure; however, a slab ocean is inadequate for inferring the role of oceanic feedbacks. The westerly winds along the poleward flank of the eddy-driven jet weaken in response to Arctic sea ice loss, accompanied by a smaller-magnitude strengthening on the equatorward side, with largest amplitudes in winter. Dynamical and thermodynamic oceanic feedbacks amplify this response by approximately 50%. Air temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure responses also show sensitivity to the degree of ocean coupling. C1 [Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sun, Lantao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Lantao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Screen, James] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Deser, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu RI Sun, Lantao/D-9948-2015 OI Sun, Lantao/0000-0001-8578-9175 FU Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council; NSF FX R. Tomas and L. Sun gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation. J. Screen is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council. NCAR is sponsored by NSF. We appreciate the comments from the two anonymous reviewers. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2149 EP 2157 DI 10.1002/2016GL067792 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800045 ER PT J AU Dessler, AE Ye, H Wang, T Schoeberl, MR Oman, LD Douglass, AR Butler, AH Rosenlof, KH Davis, SM Portmann, RW AF Dessler, A. E. Ye, H. Wang, T. Schoeberl, M. R. Oman, L. D. Douglass, A. R. Butler, A. H. Rosenlof, K. H. Davis, S. M. Portmann, R. W. TI Transport of ice into the stratosphere and the humidification of the stratosphere over the 21st century SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TTL; stratospheric water vapor; convective ice ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; WATER-VAPOR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; TROPOSPHERE; MODEL; CONVECTION; OZONE; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; LAYER AB Climate models predict that tropical lower stratospheric humidity will increase as the climate warms. We examine this trend in two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models. Under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, the stratospheric entry value of water vapor increases by similar to 1ppmv over the 21st century in both models. We show with trajectory runs driven by model meteorological fields that the warming tropical tropopause layer (TTL) explains 50-80% of this increase. The remainder is a consequence of trends in evaporation of ice convectively lofted into the TTL and lower stratosphere. Our results further show that within the models we examined, ice lofting is primarily important on long time scales; on interannual time scales, TTL temperature variations explain most of the variations in lower stratospheric humidity. Assessing the ability of models to realistically represent ice lofting processes should be a high priority in the modeling community. C1 [Dessler, A. E.; Ye, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Wang, T.] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schoeberl, M. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Oman, L. D.; Douglass, A. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Butler, A. H.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Davis, S. M.; Portmann, R. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Butler, A. H.; Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dessler, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. EM adessler@tamu.edu RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012; Wang, Tao/C-2381-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820; Wang, Tao/0000-0003-3430-8508; FU NSF [AGS-1261948]; NASA [NNX13AK25G] FX This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1261948 and NASA grant NNX13AK25G both to Texas A&M University. Monthly data used in this paper are archived at https://goo.gl/sjcpiJ. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2323 EP 2329 DI 10.1002/2016GL067991 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DH9IN UT WOS:000373109800066 ER PT J AU Tan, HY Takeuchi, S Bharathi, KK Takeuchi, I Bendersky, LA AF Tan, Haiyan Takeuchi, Saya Bharathi, K. Kamala Takeuchi, Ichiro Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Microscopy Study of Structural Evolution in Epitaxial LiCoO2 Positive Electrode Films during Electrochemical Cycling SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE structural evolution; LiCoO2; epitaxial thin films; electrochemical cycling; STEM ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; THIN-FILM; ELECTRODE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; COBALT OXIDE; STATE; CATHODE; SPINEL; TEM AB The evolution of interface between the epitaxial thin film LiCoO2 (LCO) electrode and, liquid electrolyte and inside the LCO film during electrochemical cycling has been analyzed by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Relaxation of sharp translational domain boundaries with mismatched layers of CoO2 octahedra occurs during cycling and results in formation of continuous CoO2 layers across the boundaries. The original trigonal layered structure of LiCoO2 tends to change into a spinel structure at the electrode/electrolyte interface after significant extraction of Li from LCO. This change is more pronounced at 4.2 V peak of CV, indicating lower stability of the layered LCO structure near its surface after Li is extracted above 60%. The transformed structure is identified to be close to Co3O4, with Co both on tetrahedral and octahedral sites, rather than to LiCo2O4 as it was suggested in earlier publications. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements also show that Co ions oxidation state is reduced to mixed valence state Co2+/Co3+ during the structure changes to spinel rather than oxidized. C1 [Tan, Haiyan] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tan, Haiyan; Takeuchi, Saya; Bharathi, K. Kamala; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bharathi, K. Kamala; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tan, HY (reprint author), Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.; Tan, HY; Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Haiyan.tan1@gmail.com; leonid.bendersky@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H027, 70NANB15H025] FX Andrew A. Herzing and Babak Nikoobakht from NIST are greatly appreciated for their help in using instruments in their laboratories as well as for valuable discussions. H.T. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under financial assistance Award Nos. 70NANB14H027 and 70NANB15H025. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 29 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 10 BP 6727 EP 6735 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b12025 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DH0MW UT WOS:000372479300051 PM 26911456 ER PT J AU Witte, R Kruk, R Gruner, ME Brand, RA Wang, D Schlabach, S Beck, A Provenzano, V Pentcheva, R Wende, H Hahn, H AF Witte, Ralf Kruk, Robert Gruner, Markus E. Brand, Richard A. Wang, Di Schlabach, Sabine Beck, Andre Provenzano, Virgil Pentcheva, Rossitza Wende, Heiko Hahn, Horst TI Tailoring magnetic frustration in strained epitaxial FeRh films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-RANDOM STRUCTURES; PHASE-TRANSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RH ALLOYS; METALS; DRIVEN; ENERGY AB We report on a strain-induced martensitic transformation, accompanied by a suppression of magnetic order in epitaxial films of chemically disordered FeRh. X-ray diffraction, transmission electronmicroscopy, and electronic structure calculations reveal that the lowering of symmetry (from cubic to tetragonal) imposed by the epitaxial relation leads to a further, unexpected, tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition, triggered by a band-Jahn-Teller-type lattice instability. The collapse of magnetic order is a direct consequence of this structural change, which upsets the subtle balance between ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions arising from Fe-Rh hybridization and frustrated antiferromagnetic coupling among localized Fe moments at larger distances. C1 [Witte, Ralf; Kruk, Robert; Brand, Richard A.; Wang, Di; Hahn, Horst] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Gruner, Markus E.; Brand, Richard A.; Pentcheva, Rossitza; Wende, Heiko] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Gruner, Markus E.; Brand, Richard A.; Pentcheva, Rossitza; Wende, Heiko] Univ Duisburg Essen, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg Essen CENIDE, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Gruner, Markus E.] Tech Univ Munich, Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FRM 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wang, Di; Schlabach, Sabine] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, KNMF, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Schlabach, Sabine] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Beck, Andre] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Solid State Phys, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Provenzano, Virgil] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hahn, Horst] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Joint Res Lab Nanomat, KIT TUD, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Witte, R (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. EM ralf.witte@kit.edu RI Wende, Heiko/J-8505-2012; Gruner, Markus/D-9726-2011; Pentcheva, Rossitza/F-8293-2014; OI Gruner, Markus/0000-0002-2306-1258; Wang, Di/0000-0001-9817-7047 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA1344/28-1, TRR 80, SPP 1599] FX We acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via HA1344/28-1, TRR 80 and SPP 1599. We thank L. Bennett, E. Dellatorre (GWU Washington D.C.), P. Entel (Duisburg-Essen) and C. Kubel (KIT) for discussions, and U. v. Horsten (Duisburg-Essen) for technical assistance. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 10 AR 104416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104416 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9LU UT WOS:000372405300004 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, EA Boulier, T Brown, RC Koller, SB Young, JT Gorshkov, AV Rolston, SL Porto, JV AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Boulier, T. Brown, R. C. Koller, S. B. Young, J. T. Gorshkov, A. V. Rolston, S. L. Porto, J. V. TI Anomalous Broadening in Driven Dissipative Rydberg Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We observe interaction-induced broadening of the two-photon 5s-18s transition in Rb-87 atoms trapped in a 3D optical lattice. The measured linewidth increases by nearly 2 orders of magnitude with increasing atomic density and excitation strength, with corresponding suppression of resonant scattering and enhancement of off-resonant scattering. We attribute the increased linewidth to resonant dipole-dipole interactions of 18s atoms with blackbody induced population in nearby np states. Over a range of initial atomic densities and excitation strengths, the transition width is described by a single function of the steady-state density of Rydberg atoms, and the observed resonant excitation rate corresponds to that of a two-level system with the measured, rather than natural, linewidth. The broadening mechanism observed here is likely to have negative implications for many proposals with coherently interacting Rydberg atoms. C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Boulier, T.; Brown, R. C.; Koller, S. B.; Young, J. T.; Gorshkov, A. V.; Rolston, S. L.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boulier, T.; Brown, R. C.; Koller, S. B.; Young, J. T.; Gorshkov, A. V.; Rolston, S. L.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, R. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koller, S. B.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Porto, JV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Porto, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM porto@umd.edu RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283; Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Goldschmidt, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731 FU NSF PIF; AFOSR; ARO; ARL-CDQI; NSF PFC at JQI FX The authors thank T. C. Killian, F. B. Dunning, A. Browaeys, M. Foss-Feig, A. Hu, R. M. Wilson, and Z. X. Gong for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by NSF PIF, AFOSR, ARO, ARL-CDQI, and NSF PFC at JQI. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 11 AR 113001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.113001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DG9VQ UT WOS:000372432300002 PM 27035299 ER PT J AU Kasprak, A Hough-Snee, N Beechie, T Bouwes, N Brierley, G Camp, R Fryirs, K Imaki, H Jensen, M O'Brien, G Rosgen, D Wheaton, J AF Kasprak, Alan Hough-Snee, Nate Beechie, Tim Bouwes, Nicolaas Brierley, Gary Camp, Reid Fryirs, Kirstie Imaki, Hiroo Jensen, Martha O'Brien, Gary Rosgen, David Wheaton, Joseph TI The Blurred Line between Form and Process: A Comparison of Stream Channel Classification Frameworks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RIVER STYLES FRAMEWORK; UPPER HUNTER CATCHMENT; GRAVEL-BEDDED RIVERS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; NATURAL RIVERS; AUSTRALIA; VARIABILITY; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Stream classification provides a means to understand the diversity and distribution of channels and floodplains that occur across a landscape while identifying links between geomorphic form and process. Accordingly, stream classification is frequently employed as a watershed planning, management, and restoration tool. At the same time, there has been intense debate and criticism of particular frameworks, on the grounds that these frameworks classify stream reaches based largely on their physical form, rather than direct measurements of their component hydrogeomorphic processes. Despite this debate surrounding stream classifications, and their ongoing use in watershed management, direct comparisons of channel classification frameworks are rare. Here we implement four stream classification frameworks and explore the degree to which each make inferences about hydrogeomorphic process from channel form within the Middle Fork John Day Basin, a watershed of high conservation interest within the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. We compare the results of the River Styles Framework, Natural Channel Classification, Rosgen Classification System, and a channel form-based statistical classification at 33 field-monitored sites. We found that the four frameworks consistently classified reach types into similar groups based on each reach or segment's dominant hydrogeomorphic elements. Where classified channel types diverged, differences could be attributed to the (a) spatial scale of input data used, (b) the requisite metrics and their order in completing a framework's decision tree and/or, (c) whether the framework attempts to classify current or historic channel form. Divergence in framework agreement was also observed at reaches where channel planform was decoupled from valley setting. Overall, the relative agreement between frameworks indicates that criticism of individual classifications for their use of form in grouping stream channels may be overstated. These form-based criticisms may also ignore the geomorphic tenet that channel form reflects formative hydrogeomorphic processes across a given landscape. C1 [Kasprak, Alan; Hough-Snee, Nate; Camp, Reid; Jensen, Martha; O'Brien, Gary; Wheaton, Joseph] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hough-Snee, Nate; Jensen, Martha; Wheaton, Joseph] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Beechie, Tim] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas; Camp, Reid] Eco Log Res, Providence, UT USA. [Brierley, Gary] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Fryirs, Kirstie] Macquarie Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Imaki, Hiroo] Pacific Spatial Solut, Reston, VA USA. [Rosgen, David] Wildland Hydrol, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Kasprak, Alan] US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kasprak, A; Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Hough-Snee, N (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.; Kasprak, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM akasprak@usgs.gov; nate@natehough-snee.org RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Hough-Snee, Nate/0000-0003-4581-0931; Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA Project), Inc. [2003-017]; ELR (USU Award) [100652]; STAR Fellowship - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91768201 - 0] FX Support for this manuscript was provided by grants from the Bonneville Power Administration to Eco Logical Research (BPA Project Number: 2003-017), Inc. and subsequent grants from ELR to Utah State University (USU Award ID: 100652). NH-S was supported in part by STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91768201 - 0 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research has not been formally reviewed by the EPA, NOAA or BPA and the views expressed herein are solely those of the authors. The EPA, NOAA, and BPA do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0150293 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150293 PG 31 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DH1WF UT WOS:000372574900033 PM 26982076 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Walker, SL LeBlanc, C Davy, BW Fornari, DJ Tontini, FC Scott, BJ Seebeck, H Stewart, TJ Mazot, A Nicol, A Tivey, MA AF de Ronde, C. E. J. Walker, S. L. LeBlanc, C. Davy, B. W. Fornari, D. J. Tontini, F. Caratori Scott, B. J. Seebeck, H. Stewart, T. J. Mazot, A. Nicol, A. Tivey, M. A. TI Reconstruction of the geology and structure of Lake Rotomahana and its hydrothermal systems from high-resolution multibeam mapping and seismic surveys: Effects of the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Rotomahana; Rotomahana West; Rotomahana East; Hochstetter; Waingongongongo and Rotomakariri craters; Pink Terraces and Patiti hydrothermal systems ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; NEW-ZEALAND; NORTH-ISLAND; CALDERA; MAGMA; KINEMATICS; EVOLUTION; RHYOLITE; INSIGHTS; VENTS AB Present-day Lake Rotomahana is one of the two focal points of the most destructive eruption in New Zealand's historical record, i.e., that of Mt. Tarawera on 10 June 1886, with devastating loss of life and presumed destruction of the iconic Pink and White Terraces that adorned the margins of the lake. Basaltic dikes are considered to have ascended near surface in the area, intruding into hydrothermally altered and water-saturated ground beneath the existing lake. The consequential hydrothermal and phreatomagmatic eruptions ejected 0.5325 km(3) of material from the lakefloor and below, plastering the nearby landscape for several kilometers with mud and other debris. The eruption buried the natural outlet of the lake, with the bottom of the craters becoming filled by water within months and completely concealed from view within years; today Lake Rotomahana has depths up to 118 m. High-resolution (0.5 m) bathymetric mapping, when combined with a 2-D seismic reflection survey, enables us to 'see' details of the maar craters on the lakefloor, including those parts subsequently buried by sediment. The large Rotomahana Crater described by workers immediately after the eruption measures-2.5 km in diameter near its southwestern end, and excavated ground to 155 m below present-day lake level. The vent system, as revealed by the present study, forms an array of right-stepping (dextral) craters, with the main crater being host to two sub-craters Rotomahana West Crater and Rotomahana East Crater today buried beneath the lakefloor, and which are in-filled by 36 and 37 m of sediment, respectively. Subordinate craters along the same 057 degrees Tarawera Rift trace include Hochstetter Crater (11 m of infill), Waingongongongo Crater (14 m) and Rotomakariri Crater (26 m). These craters host a total 0.0268 km(3) of sediment. Other features highlighted by the bathymetric data include; craters not filled by sediment, sediment fan deltas, volcanic ridges and dikes, submerged wave-cut terraces formed during times of lower lake levels and gas pockmarks, all either related to the 1886 eruptive episode or post-eruption hydrothermal and erosional processes. Application of results from bubble plume, CO2 flux, magnetic and heat flux surveys of Lake Rotomahana to this study, when combined with regional earthquake relocation analysis and broadband magnetotelluric data, suggest an explanation in terms of a magmatic heat source located south of Waimangu and a corresponding convective water/heat transport system extending thence to beneath the western end of the lake. A holistic approach has provided a coherent context for the eruption and its effect on the historical Pink and White Terraces hydro thermal system that appears to have been the eastern-most extension of a larger system that lay beneath the Waimangu area before the eruption. The newly named Pink Terraces hydrothermal system (similar to 1.5 km(2)) is a continuation of the historical hydrothermal activity that was concentrated on the western shores of the old lake, and together with the Tormation of the new, post-1886 Patiti hydrothermal system (similar to 1 km(2)) located SW of Patiti Island, mark the two distinct areas of hydrothermal activity in the lake today. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Ronde, C. E. J.; LeBlanc, C.; Davy, B. W.; Tontini, F. Caratori; Seebeck, H.; Stewart, T. J.] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Walker, S. L.; Tivey, M. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fornari, D. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scott, B. J.; Mazot, A.] GNS Sci, 114 Karetoto Rd,RD4, Taupo 3384, New Zealand. [Nicol, A.] Univ Canterbury, Geol Sci, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU GNS Science Strategic Development Fund FX We gratefully acknowledge iXSurvey for providing in-kind assistance in the acquisition of multi-beam data for this project, and Dave Mundy and Mark Matthews for their expertise in doing an excellent job of surveying Lake Rotomahana. Dirk Immenga of the University of Waikato provided expert boatsmanship and safe working conditions during the seismic survey, camera, and CTDO deployments. We thank Steve Wilcox (NIWA) for acquisition of the Boomer seismic data. We also acknowledge the Te Arawa Lakes Trust Board for providing access to the lake and for their ongoing encouragement to do this research. Harvey James and all the team at Waimangu Volcanic Valley were instrumental in providing safe and regular access to the lake. The Rotorua Lakes District Council provided access to the aerial photographs used in Fig. 19. Heidi Berkenbosch is thanked for her help in creating some of the figures and Samantha Muir for providing the photographs in Fig. 10C and D. C de R would like to acknowledge valuable discussions with Ron Keam (U. of Auckland) and help provided by Rawiri Faulkner (GNS) in making this project a reality. Reviews by an anonymous reviewer and by R.F. Keam of an earlier version of this paper helped improve clarity. This is PMEL contribution number 4352. Funding for this project was by way of the GNS Science Strategic Development Fund. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 57 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.002 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600005 ER PT J AU Tivey, MA de Ronde, CE Tontini, FC Walker, SL Fornari, DJ AF Tivey, Maurice A. de Ronde, Cornel Ej. Tontini, Fabio Caratori Walker, Sharon L. Fornari, Daniel J. TI A novel heat flux study of a geothermally active lake - Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Heat conduction; Lacustrine geothermal activity; Lake Rotomahana; Thermal blanket instrument ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; FLOW MEASUREMENTS; SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM AB A new technique for measuring conductive heat flux in a lake was adapted from the marine environment to allow for multiple measurements to be made in areas where bottom sediment cover is sparse, or even absent. This thermal blanket technique, pioneered in the deep ocean for use in volcanic mid-ocean rift environments, was recently used in the geothermally active Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand. Heat flow from the lake floor propagates into the 0.5 m diameter blanket and establishes a thermal gradient across the known blanket thickness and thereby provides an estimate of the conductive heat flux of the underlying terrain. This approach allows conductive heat flux to be measured over a spatially dense set of stations in a relatively short period of time. We used 10 blankets and deployed them for 1 day each to complete 110 stations over an 11-day program in the 6 x 3 km lake. Results show that Lake Rotomahana has a total conductive heat flux of about 47 MW averaging 6 W/m(2) over the geothermally active lake. The western half of the lake has two main areas of high heat flux; 1) a high heat flux area averaging 21.3 W/m(2) along the western shoreline, which is likely the location of the pre-existing geothermal system that fed the famous Pink Terraces, mostly destroyed during the 1886 eruption 2) a region southwest of Patiti Island with a heat flux averaging 13.1 W/m(2) that appears to be related to the explosive rift that formed the lake in the 1886 Tarawera eruption. A small rise in bottom water temperature over the survey period of 0.01 degrees C/day suggests the total thermal output of the lake is similar to 112-132 MW and when compared to the conductive heat output suggests that 18-42% of the total thermal energy is by conductive heat transfer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tivey, Maurice A.; Fornari, Daniel J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel Ej.; Tontini, Fabio Caratori] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr,Avalon 5010,Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tivey, MA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mtivey@whoi.edu RI Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015; OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155; Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU GNS Science Strategic Development fund [L13-09 SDF]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX We thank Dirk Immenga of the University of Waikato, New Zealand for his superbly efficient and capable skippering of the small boat used in the heat flow survey. We also thank Dr. H. Paul Johnson of the University of Washington (UW), Seattle for the loan of his thermal blankets for this project and to Marie Salmi (UW) and Mike Hutnak for advice on processing the heat flow data. Finally, we thank the management and staff of the Waimangu Volcanic Valley tourist area for their kind permission to use the access roads to the lake during the survey period. We would also like to thank the reviewers Rob Harris and Bill Chadwick along with the Editor Alessandro Aiuppa for their comments on the manuscript. New Zealand funding for this project was from the GNS Science Strategic Development fund L13-09 SDF "How active is the Okataina caldera? - Follow the heat." Support for Tivey was made possible by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This is PMEL contribution 4295. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.006 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600007 ER PT J AU de Ronde, CEJ Fornari, DJ Ferrini, VL Walker, SL Davy, BW LeBlanc, C Tontini, FC Kukulya, AL Littlefield, RH AF de Ronde, C. E. J. Fornari, D. J. Ferrini, V. L. Walker, S. L. Davy, B. W. LeBlanc, C. Tontini, F. Caratori Kukulya, A. L. Littlefield, R. H. TI The Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana: what was their fate after the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption? SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Rotomahana; Pink and White Terraces; Side-scan sonar ID NEW-ZEALAND AB The Pink and White Terraces that once stood regally on the shores of old Lake Rotomahana, and which were unique in their beauty as a natural wonder of the world, were regarded by the local Maori as a taonga, or treasure, because of the therapeutic qualities of the waters and their majestic appearance. The eruption of Mt. Tarawera on June 10, 1886 is commonly cited as the cause of their demise, with the lake rapidly rising soon thereafter to drown the large, newly formed Rotomahana crater and other volcanic edifices shaped during the excavation of the old lake. Thus, the effects of the eruption have been masked from onlookers for more than 125 years. However, application of state-of-the-art survey techniques usually applied in the marine realm to modern Lake Rotomahana, including AUV surveys with numerous sensors, seismic profiling, water column surveys and deployment of deep sea cameras, has provided a wealth of new information about the state of hydrothermal systems in the lake and the probable fortunes of the Pink and White Terraces. We believe that the majority of both sets of terraces were destroyed during the eruption. However, some tantalizing evidence remains for remnants from both sites to exist to this day. High-resolution bathymetric mapping of the lake floor clearly recognizes some features of the post-1886 landscape, including a prominent landmark known as The Pinnacle. If we accept the postulated location of The Pinnacle on a pre-1886 map of Lake Rotomahana, then we appear to have captured a photograph of one of the buttresses to a tier of the nearby White Terraces. More revealing, are side-scan sonar images of structures located in the correct position of the Pink Terraces with respect to The Pinnacle, albeit similar to 20 m deeper than expected if the pre-1886 lake level of 292 m above sea level is to be believed. This work clearly shows that the greater Pink Terraces hydrothermal system survived the eruption and is very active today, whereas that part of the system that supplied hydrothermal fluids to the White Terraces has largely ceased activity altogether. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [de Ronde, C. E. J.; Davy, B. W.; LeBlanc, C.; Tontini, F. Caratori] GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. [Fornari, D. J.; Kukulya, A. L.; Littlefield, R. H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ferrini, V. L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, 75 Geoinformat Ctr,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Walker, S. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP de Ronde, CEJ (reprint author), GNS Sci, 1 Fairway Dr, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand. EM cornel.deronde@gns.cri.nz OI Caratori Tontini, Fabio/0000-0002-2000-416X FU WHOI-MISO facility; Investment in Science Fund at WHOI; GNS Science Strategic Development Fund; WHOI-OSL FX D. Immenga (University of Waikato) provided expert boatsmanship and safe working conditions during the seismic survey and camera deployments and B. Scott (GNS Science) did likewise during the deployments and recoveries of the AUVs. We thank S. Wilcox (NIWA) for acquisition of the Boomer seismic data. M. Swartz assisted in MISO camera and CTD mobilization and equipment design for the two lake surveys and M. Purcell (WHOI-OSL) helped organize and fund the logistics for the 2011 AUV survey. We acknowledge the Te Arawa Lakes Trust Board for providing access to the lake and for their ongoing support to do this research. H. James and co-workers at Waimangu Volcanic Valley were instrumental in providing safe and regular access to the lake. C de R would like to acknowledge valuable discussions had with R. Kellett (GNS Science) and R.F. Keam (U. of Auckland), in particular, who also kindly allowed us to reproduce Fig. 3. H.A. Berkenbosch helped with some of the figures. This paper benefited from review by S.F. Simmons and an anonymous reviewer. DJF acknowledges support from the WHOI-MISO facility and The Investment in Science Fund at WHOI of the field studies. Funding for this project was by way of the GNS Science Strategic Development Fund. This is PMEL contribution number 4402. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.003 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600009 ER PT J AU Walker, SL de Ronde, CEJ Fornari, D Tivey, MA Stucker, VK AF Walker, Sharon L. de Ronde, Come E. J. Fornari, Daniel Tivey, Maurice A. Stucker, Valerie K. TI High-resolution water column survey to identify active sublacustrine hydrothermal discharge zones within Lake Rotomahana, North Island, New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Rotomahana; Hydrothermal venting; pH; Turbidity; Oxidation-reduction potential; Freshwater lakes ID YELLOWSTONE LAKE; CRATER LAKE; SYSTEM; WAIMANGU; EXPLORATION; DISCOVERY; OREGON; RIDGE; VENTS; ARC AB Autonomous underwater vehicles were used to conduct a high-resolution water column survey of Lake Rotomahana using temperature, pH, turbidity, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) to identify active hydro thermal discharge zones within the lake. Five areas with active sublacustrine venting were identified: (1) the area of the historic Pink Terraces; (2) adjacent to the western shoreline subaerial "Steaming Cliffs," boiling springs and geyser; (3) along the northern shoreline to the east of the Pink Terrace site; (4) the newly discovered Patiti hydrothermal system along the south margin of the 1886 Tarawera eruption rift zone; and (5) a location in the east basin (northeast of Patiti Island). The Pink Terrace hydrothermal system was active prior to the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, but venting along the western shoreline, in the east basin, and the Patiti hydrothermal system appear to have been initiated in the aftermath of the eruption, similar to Waimangu Valley to the southwest. Different combinations of turbidity, pH anomalies (both positive and negative), and ORP responses suggest vent fluid compositions vary over short distances within the lake. The seasonal period of stratification limits vertical transport of heat to the surface layer and the hypolimnion temperature of Lake Rotomahana consequently increases with an average warming rate of similar to 0.010 degrees C/day due to both convective hydrothermal discharge and conductive geothermal heating. A sudden temperature increase occurred during our 2011 survey and was likely the response to an earthquake swarm just 11 days prior. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [de Ronde, Come E. J.; Stucker, Valerie K.] GNS Sci, Marine Geosci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Fornari, Daniel; Tivey, Maurice A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sharon.L.Walker@noaa.gov FU GNS Strategic Development Fund FX We thank Dirk Immenga, Bradley Scott, Amy Kukulya, Robin Littlefield, and Vicki Ferrini for excellent boat handling and AUV operations support. We thank the Te Arawa Lakes Trust Board for permission to complete this work, and the Waimangu Volcanic Valley management and staff for allowing access and providing logistical support. We also thank reviewers Edward Baker and Agnes Mazot for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by GNS Strategic Development Fund. This is PMEL contribution 4294. I would like to dedicate this paper to my brother Steven Lawrence Walker (1960-2014) who was always very supportive and interested in our work. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 142 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.037 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600010 ER PT J AU Stucker, VK de Ronde, CEJ Scott, BJ Wilson, NJ Walker, SL Lupton, JE AF Stucker, Valerie K. de Ronde, Cornel E. J. Scott, Bradley J. Wilson, Nathaniel J. Walker, Sharon L. Lupton, John E. TI Subaerial and sublacustrine hydrothermal activity at Lake Rotomahana SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydrothermal fluids; Magmatic degassing; Helium isotopes; Geothermometer; Water isotopes; Waimangu Valley ID TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; NEW-ZEALAND; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; GEOTHERMAL WATERS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HELIUM ISOTOPE; WAIMANGU; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE AB Lake Rotomahana is a crater lake in the Okataina Volcanic Centre (New Zealand) that was significantly modified by the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption. The lake is host to numerous sublacustrine hydrothermal vents. Water column studies were conducted in 2011 and 2014 along with sampling of lake shore hot springs and crater lakes in Waimangu Valley to complement magnetic, seismic, bathymetric and heat flux surveys. Helium concentrations below 50 m depth are higher in 2014 compared to 2011 and represent some of the highest concentrations measured, at 6 x 10(-7) ccSTP/g, with an end-member He-3/He-4 value of 7.1 R-A. The high concentrations of helium, when coupled with pH anomalies due to high dissolved CO2 content, suggest the dominant chemical input to the lake is derived from magmatic degassing of an underlying magma. The lake shore hot spring waters show differences in source temperatures using a Na-K geothermometer, with inferred reservoir temperatures ranging between 197 and 232 degrees C. Water delta O-18 and delta D values show isotopic enrichment due to evaporation of a steam heated pool with samples from nearby Waimangu Valley having the greatest enrichment. Results from this study confirm both pre-1886 eruption hydrothermal sites and newly created post-eruption sites are both still active. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stucker, Valerie K.; de Ronde, Cornel E. J.] GNS Sci, Marine Geosci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Scott, Bradley J.] GNS Sci, Volcanol, Wairakei, New Zealand. [Wilson, Nathaniel J.] Golder Associates, Auckland, New Zealand. [Wilson, Nathaniel J.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany. [Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. RP Stucker, VK (reprint author), GNS Sci, Marine Geosci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM V.Stucker@gns.cri.nz FU EQC; GNS Science; LINZ; GNS Strategic Development Fund project [L13-09] FX Harvey James, Maurice Tivey, Dan Fornari, Tom Ayling, Dirk Immenga and Dean Forrest were all invaluable to the sampling process, and this work was greatly improved with their assistance. We acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors EQC, GNS Science and LINZ for providing data used in this study. Conversations with Bruce Christensen and Mike Stewart and figure assistance from Heidi Berkenbosch, Philip Carthew and Sue Shaw helped to improve the results and manuscript Leigh Evans carried out the helium isotope measurements at NOAA/PMEL, Newport, Oregon. We also thank Professor Dr. Britta Planer-Friedrich at the University of Bayreuth and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany for the opportunity and support that enabled sampling and analysis of metalloids as part of this study. Permission to complete this work was provided by the Te Arawa Lakes Trust Board, and we thank them for their support and interest to allow this study to take place. Finally, we would like to thank reviewers Jake Lowenstern and Cynthia Werner for their helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by GNS Strategic Development Fund project L13-09 "How active is the Okataina caldera?-Follow the heat". NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 314 BP 156 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.017 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DP3AA UT WOS:000378363600011 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Barros, M Vennemann, T Gallagher, DT Yin, Y Linden, SB Heselpoth, RD Spencer, DJ Donovan, DM Moult, J Fischetti, VA Heinrich, F Losche, M Nelson, DC AF Shen, Yang Barros, Marilia Vennemann, Tarek Ggallagher, D. Travis Yin, Yizhou Linden, Sara B. Heselpoth, Ryan D. Spencer, Dennis J. Donovan, David M. Moult, John Fischetti, Vincent A. Heinrich, Frank Losche, Mathias Nelson, Daniel C. TI A bacteriophage endolysin that eliminates intracellular streptococci SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CELL-PENETRATING PEPTIDE; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; ANTI-INFECTIVES; ANNEXIN A5; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; PYOGENES; LYSIN AB PIyC, a bacteriophage-encoded endolysin, lyses Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy) on contact. Here, we demonstrate that PIyC is a potent agent for controlling intracellular Spy that often underlies refractory infections. We show that the PIyC holoenzyme, mediated by its PIyCB subunit, crosses epithelial cell membranes and clears intracellular Spy in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative studies using model membranes establish that PIyCB interacts strongly with phosphatidylserine (PS), whereas its interaction with other lipids is weak, suggesting specificity for PS as its cellular receptor. Neutron reflection further substantiates that PIyC penetrates bilayers above a PS threshold concentration. Crystallography and docking studies identify key residues that mediate PIyCB PS interactions, which are validated by site-directed mutagenesis. This is the first report that a native endolysin can traverse epithelial membranes, thus substantiating the potential of PIyC as an antimicrobial for Spy in the extracellular and intracellular milieu and as a scaffold for engineering other functionalities. C1 [Shen, Yang; Ggallagher, D. Travis; Yin, Yizhou; Linden, Sara B.; Heselpoth, Ryan D.; Moult, John; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Barros, Marilia; Vennemann, Tarek; Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ggallagher, D. Travis] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spencer, Dennis J.; Fischetti, Vincent A.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Bacterial Pathogenesis & Immunol, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Donovan, David M.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Moult, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, Rockville, MD USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Losche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nelson, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA.; Nelson, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nelsond@umd.edu RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X FU National Institute of General [R01GM110202, R01GM101647]; National Institute of Allergy [R01A111822] FX National Institute of General R01GM110202 Daniel C Nelson Medical Sciencesr National Institute of Allergy R01A111822 Vincent A Fischetti and Infectious Diseasesr National Institute of General R01GM101647 Mathias Losche Medical Sciencesr The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 5 AR e13152 DI 10.7554/eLife.13152 PG 26 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DK9DE UT WOS:000375229900001 ER PT J AU Lehnert, H Stone, RP AF Lehnert, Helmut Stone, Robert P. TI Suggestion of Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis as replacement name for Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa Lehnert & Stone, 2015 SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lehnert, Helmut] Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. [Lehnert, Helmut] GeoBioctr LMU Munchen, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Lehnert, H (reprint author), Eichenstr 14, D-86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany.; Lehnert, H (reprint author), GeoBioctr LMU Munchen, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 4092 IS 1 BP 139 EP 139 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DK9NJ UT WOS:000375257200009 PM 27394372 ER PT J AU Fuell, KK Guyer, BJ Kann, D Molthan, AL Elmer, N AF Fuell, Kevin K. Guyer, Brian J. Kann, Deirdre Molthan, Andrew L. Elmer, Nicholas TI Next Generation Satellite RGB Dust Imagery Leads to Operational Changes at NWS Albuquerque SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOES-R; SYSTEM; FOG AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center has been providing unique, multispectral red-green-blue (RGB) composite imagery to operational forecasters since 2004. More recently, SPoRT has used the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites "best practices" standards for RGB composites to transition a wide array of imagery for multiple uses. A "Dust" RGB product has been made available for evaluation at the National Weather Service (NWS) in Albuquerque, New Mexico (ABQ), since 2012. Several cases have occurred where forecasters were able to isolate dust plume locations for mesoscale and synoptic events during daytime and nighttime conditions. This type of imagery is a large change from the single channel imagery typically used by operational forecast staff and, therefore, can be a challenge to interpret. This paper focuses on the integration of such new imagery into operational use as well as the benefits assessed by NWS ABQ over several documented events. The primary benefits include improvements in short-term forecasts of ceiling conditions for the aviation community as well as improved decision support services and communication to the general public regarding blowing dust. C1 [Fuell, Kevin K.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Guyer, Brian J.; Kann, Deirdre] NOAA, Natl Weather Servce, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Molthan, Andrew L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Elmer, Nicholas] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmosopher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Fuell, KK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.; Fuell, KK (reprint author), 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM kevin.fuell@uah.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 6 BP 75 EP 91 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MT UT WOS:000372905500001 ER PT J AU Leshem, A Meshulam, G Porat, G Arie, A AF Leshem, Anat Meshulam, Guilia Porat, Gil Arie, Ady TI Adiabatic second-harmonic generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; APODIZATION; GRATINGS; PULSES; PUMP AB Adiabatic three-wave mixing processes enable broadband, efficient, and robust frequency conversion by slowly varying the phase mismatch between the interacting waves along the interaction region. Up until now, this method was mainly used in the case in which one of the waves was undepleted. Here we experimentally study fully nonlinear adiabatic processes by implementation in type I and type II second-harmonic generation processes, where the undepleted pump approximation does not hold. Using quasi-phase-matched interaction in chirped gratings, we obtain conversion efficiency approaching 60% and 80%, with corresponding wide thermal acceptance bandwidths of >100 degrees C and 30 degrees C, respectively. The transition between the depleted and undepleted pump regimes is also studied by varying the input polarization angle in the type II process; thus we also test current theory with arbitrary initial conditions. The results are in excellent agreement with analytic predictions for the fully nonlinear adiabatic process. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Leshem, Anat; Meshulam, Guilia; Arie, Ady] Tel Aviv Univ, Fleischman Fac Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Porat, Gil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Porat, Gil] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leshem, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fleischman Fac Engn, Dept Phys Elect, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM anatleshem@mail.tau.ac.il FU Israeli Science Foundation [1310/13]; Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space FX Israeli Science Foundation (1310/13), Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1229 EP 1232 DI 10.1364/OL.41.001229 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DH8KS UT WOS:000373042600040 PM 26977676 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC Kitzis, DR Kelley, ME Miller, WR Hall, BD Dlugokencky, EJ Tans, PP Possolo, A Carney, J AF Rhoderick, George C. Kitzis, Duane R. Kelley, Michael E. Miller, Walter R. Hall, Bradley D. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Tans, Pieter P. Possolo, Antonio Carney, Jennifer TI Development of a Northern Continental Air Standard Reference Material SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RING; DRY AIR; CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; METHANE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently began to develop standard mixtures of greenhouse gases as part of a broad program mandated by the 2009 United States Congress to support research in climate change. To this end, NIST developed suites of gravimetrically assigned primary standard mixtures (PSMs) comprising carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a dry-natural air balance at ambient mole fraction levels. In parallel, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Boulder, Colorado, charged 30 aluminum gas cylinders with northern hemisphere air at Niwot Ridge, Colorado. These mixtures, which constitute NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1720 Northern Continental Air, were certified by NIST for ambient mole fractions of CO2, CH4, and N2O relative to NIST PSMs. NOAA-assigned values are also provided as information in support of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Program for CO2, CH4, and N2O, since NOAA serves as the WMO Central Calibration Laboratory (CCL) for CO2, CH4, and N2O. Relative expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence interval are <+/- 0.06% of the certified values for CO2 and N2O and <0.2% for CH4, which represents the smallest relative uncertainties specified to date for a gaseous SRM produced by NIST. Agreement between the NOAA (WMO/GAW) and NIST values based on their respective calibration standards suites is within 0.05%, 0.13%, and 0.06% for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively. This collaborative development effort also represents the first of its kind for a gaseous SRM developed by NIST. C1 [Rhoderick, George C.] NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kitzis, Duane R.; Hall, Bradley D.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program FX Support for the development of this Standard Reference Material was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 6 BP 3376 EP 3385 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00123 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DG9GT UT WOS:000372391500055 PM 26890890 ER PT J AU Sorhus, E Incardona, JP Furmanek, T Jentoft, S Meier, S Edvardsen, RB AF Sorhus, Elfin Incardona, John P. Furmanek, Tomasz Jentoft, Sissel Meier, Sonnich Edvardsen, Rolf B. TI Developmental transcriptomics in Atlantic haddock: Illuminating pattern formation and organogenesis in non-model vertebrates SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; CRUDE-OIL; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; HEART DEVELOPMENT; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO; BONE-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CATHEPSIN-K; FISH; MORPHOGENESIS AB Gadiforms such as Atlantic haddock comprise some of the world's most economically important fisheries. Understanding the early life history of these fish is a prerequisite for predicting effects of a changing environment and increased human activities. Robust assessment of the effects of environmental impacts on the embryos of non-model vertebrates is hampered by a lack of molecular resources and detailed knowledge regarding the regulation of genes and pathways in early development. Here we used mRNA sequencing to link transcriptional changes to developmental processes in haddock, specifically, pattern formation and organogenesis. Temporal expression of key developmental genes was tightly anchored to either the appearance of visible structures or cellular processes characterised in model organisms. These findings demonstrate the high potential of developmental transcriptomics as an analytical tool for improved understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms leading to abnormal development in any vertebrate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorhus, Elfin; Furmanek, Tomasz; Meier, Sonnich; Edvardsen, Rolf B.] Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Sorhus, Elfin; Jentoft, Sissel] Univ Oslo, CEES, POB 1066, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Incardona, John P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jentoft, Sissel] Univ Agder, Dept Nat Sci, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway. RP Sorhus, E (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM Elin.sorhus@imr.no FU VISTA Foundation [6161]; Institute of Marine Research, Norway [14236] FX We would like to acknowledge Stig Ove Utskot, Orjan Karlsen and Terje van der Meeren for breeding and management of the fish and Penny Swanson for review and comments on the manuscript. This work was financed by the VISTA Foundation (Project no. 6161, www.vista.no) and the Institute of Marine Research, Norway (Project no. 14236, www.imr.no). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 EI 1095-564X J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 411 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.012 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA DG9DR UT WOS:000372383500014 PM 26875497 ER PT J AU Baylon, PM Jaffe, DA Pierce, RB Gustin, MS AF Baylon, Pao M. Jaffe, Daniel A. Pierce, R. Bradley Gustin, Mae S. TI Interannual Variability in Baseline Ozone and Its Relationship to Surface Ozone in the Western US SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERIC INTRUSIONS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; AIR-POLLUTION; BACHELOR; O-3; SPRINGTIME; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; PACIFIC AB Baseline ozone refers to observed concentrations of tropospheric ozone at sites that have a negligible influence from local emissions. The Mount Bachelor Observatory (MBO) was established in 2004 to examine baseline air masses as they arrive to North America from the west. In May 2012, we observed an O-3 increase of 2.0-8.5 ppbv in monthly average maximum daily 8-hour average O-3 mixing ratio (MDA8 O-3) at MBO and numerous other sites in the western U.S. compared to previous years. This shift in the O-3 distribution had an impact on the number of exceedance days. We also observed a good correlation between daily MDA8 variations at MBO and at downwind sites. This suggests that under specific meteorological conditions, synoptic variation in O-3 at MBO can be observed at other surface sites in The western U.S. At MBO, the elevated O-3 concentrations in May 2012 are associated with low CO values and low water vapor values, consistent with transport from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Furthermore, the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) analyses indicate that a large flux of O-3 from the UT/LS in May 2012 contributed to the observed enhanced O-3 across the western U.S. Our results suggest that a network of mountaintop observations, LiDAR and satellite observations of O-3 could provide key data on daily and interannual variations in baseline O-3. C1 [Baylon, Pao M.; Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 Atmospher Sci Geophys Bldg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington Bothell, Sch Sci Technol Engn & Math, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Gustin, Mae S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Baylon, PM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 Atmospher Sci Geophys Bldg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lbaylon@uw.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU National Science Foundation [1447832]; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory FX Funding for research at MBO was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant number: 1447832). The MBO is also supported by a grant from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. The views, opinions and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2994 EP 3001 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b00219 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DG9GZ UT WOS:000372392100027 PM 26882468 ER PT J AU Frazier, AG Giambelluca, TW Diaz, HF Needham, HL AF Frazier, Abby G. Giambelluca, Thomas W. Diaz, Henry F. Needham, Heidi L. TI Comparison of geostatistical approaches to spatially interpolate month-year rainfall for the Hawaiian Islands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kriging; monthly rainfall; Hawai"i; anomalies; cross-validation ID GLOBAL LAND PRECIPITATION; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; GAUGES; RADAR; UNCERTAINTY; TERRAIN; SERIES AB The Hawaiian Islands have one of the most spatially diverse rainfall patterns on earth. Knowledge of these patterns is critical for a variety of resource management issues and, until now, only long-term mean monthly and annual rainfall maps have been available for Hawaii. In this study, month-year rainfall maps from January 1920 to December 2012 were developed for the major Hawaiian Islands. The maps were produced using climatologically aided interpolation (CAI), where the station anomalies were interpolated first, and then combined with the mean maps. A geostatistical method comparison was performed to choose the best interpolation method. The comparison focuses on three kriging algorithms: ordinary kriging (OK), ordinary cokriging (OCK), and kriging with an external drift (KED). Two covariates, elevation and mean rainfall, were tested with OCK and KED. The combinations of methods and covariates were compared using cross-validation statistics, where OK produced the lowest error statistics. Station anomalies for each month were interpolated using OK and combined with the mean monthly maps to produce the final month-year rainfall maps. C1 [Frazier, Abby G.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Needham, Heidi L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall 418, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Frazier, AG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Saunders Hall 418, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM abbyf@hawaii.edu OI Frazier, Abby/0000-0003-4076-4577; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 FU State of Hawai'i Commission on Water Resource Management; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District; USGS Pacific Islands Water Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office under its Climate Change and Data Detection program [NA09OAR4310103]; Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) [F10AC00077] FX The authors thank Dr Matthew McGranaghan and Dr Qi Chen for their geostatistical advice, and Dr Ryan Longman for his continuous support. This project was made possible through funding developed under an agreement between the State of Hawai'i Commission on Water Resource Management and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District, under Section 22 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1974. This research was also partially supported by the USGS Pacific Islands Water Science Center and a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Program Office under its Climate Change and Data Detection program (award number NA09OAR4310103), and by the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) award F10AC00077. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 1459 EP 1470 DI 10.1002/joc.4437 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF7MI UT WOS:000371541400031 ER PT J AU Hu, L Montzka, SA Miller, BR Andrews, AE Miller, JB Lehman, SJ Sweeney, C Miller, SM Thoning, K Siso, C Atlas, EL Blake, DR de Gouw, J Gilman, JB Dutton, G Elkins, JW Hall, B Chen, HL Fischer, ML Mountain, ME Nehrkorn, T Biraud, SC Moore, FL Tans, P AF Hu, Lei Montzka, Stephen A. Miller, Ben R. Andrews, Arlyn E. Miller, John B. Lehman, Scott J. Sweeney, Colm Miller, Scot M. Thoning, Kirk Siso, Carolina Atlas, Elliot L. Blake, Donald R. de Gouw, Joost Gilman, Jessica B. Dutton, Geoff Elkins, James W. Hall, Bradley Chen, Huilin Fischer, Marc L. Mountain, Marikate E. Nehrkorn, Thomas Biraud, Sebastien C. Moore, Fred L. Tans, Pieter TI Continued emissions of carbon tetrachloride from the United States nearly two decades after its phaseout for dispersive uses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon tetrachloride; emissions; United States; ozone-depleting substances; greenhouse gases ID CONTAINING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS REFERENCE NETWORK; INFORMATION CRITERION; EUROPEAN EMISSIONS; MODEL SELECTION; FLUX ESTIMATION; OCEANIC UPTAKE; TRACE GASES; STILT MODEL AB National-scale emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are derived based on inverse modeling of atmospheric observations at multiple sites across the United States from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's flask air sampling network. We estimate an annual average US emission of 4.0 (2.0-6.5) Gg CCl4 y(-1) during 2008-2012, which is almost two orders of magnitude larger than reported to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) (mean of 0.06 Gg y(-1)) but only 8% (3-22%) of global CCl4 emissions during these years. Emissive regions identified by the observations and consistently shown in all inversion results include the Gulf Coast states, the San Francisco Bay Area in California, and the Denver area in Colorado. Both the observation-derived emissions and the US EPA TRI identified Texas and Louisiana as the largest contributors, accounting for one-to two-thirds of the US national total CCl4 emission during 2008-2012. These results are qualitatively consistent with multiple aircraft and ship surveys conducted in earlier years, which suggested significant enhancements in atmospheric mole fractions measured near Houston and surrounding areas. Furthermore, the emission distribution derived for CCl4 throughout the United States is more consistent with the distribution of industrial activities included in the TRI than with the distribution of other potential CCl4 sources such as uncapped landfills or activities related to population density (e.g., use of chlorine-containing bleach). C1 [Hu, Lei; Miller, Ben R.; Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Siso, Carolina; de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica B.; Dutton, Geoff; Chen, Huilin; Moore, Fred L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hu, Lei; Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, Ben R.; Andrews, Arlyn E.; Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Thoning, Kirk; Siso, Carolina; Dutton, Geoff; Elkins, James W.; Hall, Bradley; Moore, Fred L.; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lehman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Scot M.] Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica B.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chen, Huilin] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Energy & Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mountain, Marikate E.; Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Biraud, Sebastien C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hu, L; Montzka, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM leihutx@gmail.com; Stephen.A.Montzka@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's AC4 program; California Energy Commission Public Interest Environmental Research Program Grant [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank J. Daniel, D. Godwin, S. Yvon-Lewis, A. Jacobson, K. Masarie, L. Bruhwiler, D. Baker, and S. Basu for discussion, R. Draxler and A. Stein for advice on running Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) simulations, and J. Butler, M. S. Torn, D. Mondeel, J. Higgs, M. Crotwell, P. Lang, W. Wolter, D. Neff, J. Kofler, I. Simpson, N. Blake, and others involved with program management, sampling, analysis, and logistics. We also thank members of the HIAPER HIPPO team, particularly S. Wofsy, for enabling flask sampling during that mission and Earth Networks for sample collection at the LEW site. This study was supported in part by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's AC4 program. Flask sampling at the tower sites WGC and STR was partially supported by a California Energy Commission Public Interest Environmental Research Program Grant to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2880 EP 2885 DI 10.1073/pnas.1522284113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG4BF UT WOS:000372014200042 PM 26929368 ER PT J AU Barton, AD Irwin, AJ Finkel, ZV Stock, CA AF Barton, Andrew D. Irwin, Andrew J. Finkel, Zoe V. Stock, Charles A. TI Anthropogenic climate change drives shift and shuffle in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; climate change; North Atlantic; diatom; dinoflagellate ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHANGE IMPACTS; CELL-SIZE; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; 21ST-CENTURY; SURFACE AB Anthropogenic climate change has shifted the biogeography and phenology of many terrestrial and marine species. Marine phytoplankton communities appear sensitive to climate change, yet understanding of how individual species may respond to anthropogenic climate change remains limited. Here, using historical environmental and phytoplankton observations, we characterize the realized ecological niches for 87 North Atlantic diatom and dinoflagellate taxa and project changes in species biogeography between mean historical (1951-2000) and future (2051-2100) ocean conditions. We find that the central positions of the core range of 74% of taxa shift poleward at a median rate of 12.9 kmper decade (km.dec(-1)), and 90% of taxa shift eastward at a median rate of 42.7 km.dec(-1). The poleward shift is faster than previously reported for marine taxa, and the predominance of longitudinal shifts is driven by dynamic changes in multiple environmental drivers, rather than a strictly poleward, temperature-driven redistribution of ocean habitats. A century of climate change significantly shuffles community composition by a basin-wide median value of 16%, compared with seasonal variations of 46%. The North Atlantic phytoplankton community appears poised for marked shift and shuffle, which may have broad effects on food webs and biogeochemical cycles. C1 [Barton, Andrew D.; Stock, Charles A.] Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Irwin, Andrew J.] Mt Allison Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Sackville, NB E4L 1A7, Canada. [Finkel, Zoe V.] Mt Allison Univ, Environm Sci Program, Sackville, NB E4L 1A7, Canada. RP Barton, AD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM abarton@princeton.edu OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU US National Science Foundation; NOAA's Marine Ecosystem Tipping Points Initiative FX Earth System Model data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. We thank David Johns of the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science for providing Continuous Plankton Recorder data. A.D.B. thanks the US National Science Foundation's International Research Fellowship Program for support, A.J.I. thanks National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery program, and Z.V.F. thanks NSERC Discovery and Canada Research Chairs (CRC) programs. A.D.B. and C.A.S. were funded in part by NOAA's Marine Ecosystem Tipping Points Initiative. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 20 U2 69 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2964 EP 2969 DI 10.1073/pnas.1519080113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG4BF UT WOS:000372014200056 PM 26903635 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Zhan, XW Zheng, YF Hain, CR Ek, M Wen, J Fang, L Liu, JC AF Yin, Jifu Zhan, Xiwu Zheng, Youfei Hain, Christopher R. Ek, Michael Wen, Jun Fang, Li Liu, Jicheng TI Improving Noah land surface model performance using near real time surface albedo and green vegetation fraction SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Green vegetation fraction; Albedo; Noah land surface model; Soil moisture; Soil temperature; Near real time ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE OBSERVATIONS; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; IN-SITU; COVER DATA; DATA SET; DROUGHT; MODIS; PARAMETERIZATION; EVAPORATION AB The current operational Noah land surface model (LSM) uses multi-year climatology of monthly green vegetation fraction (GVF) and the multi-year averages of land surface albedo data for several numerical weather predictions at National Centers for Environmental Predictions of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. However, these static GVF and albedo data can only prescribe the multiannual means and lack the ability to capture near real time (NRT) vegetation status and land surface condition. In this study, the impact of NRT GVF and albedo on Noah LSM (version 3.2) performances are examined against in situ measurements of surface net long wave radiation and net short wave radiation from 7 U.S. Surface Radiation Budget Network stations, and soil temperature and soil moisture from 9 USDA Soil Climate Analysis Network sites. Large differences between the NRT GVF/surface albedo and their climatological averages are found over the global, which have significant influences on Noah LSM simulations. With respect to in situ measurements, the Noah LSM simulation improvements from using the weekly GVF data are 19.3% for surface soil moisture, 9.3% for surface soil temperature. The benefits from the weekly GVF and monthly albedo can reach to 2.7 W m(-2) for surface net long wave radiation and 2.6 W m(-2) for surface net short wave radiation. The results suggest to Noah model developers and users that the NRT GVF and albedo should be used for better model performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yin, Jifu; Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Yin, Jifu; Zhan, Xiwu; Hain, Christopher R.; Fang, Li; Liu, Jicheng] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yin, Jifu; Hain, Christopher R.; Fang, Li; Liu, Jicheng] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Youfei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring & P, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ek, Michael] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yin, JF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jifu.yin@noaa.gov RI Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41530529]; NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program; Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZZD-EW-13] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530529), NOAA JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program, Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZZD-EW-13). We would like to thank Gabrielle De Lannoy for his efforts on quality-controlled SCAN data and Wei Guo for providing the weekly GVF data. We are also grateful to anonymous reviewers for helping improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 218 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.12.001 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DE8RT UT WOS:000370905100016 ER PT J AU Telu, KH Yan, XJ Wallace, WE Stein, SE Simon-Manso, Y AF Telu, Kelly H. Yan, Xinjian Wallace, William E. Stein, Stephen E. Simon-Manso, Yamil TI Analysis of human plasma metabolites across different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry platforms: Cross-platform transferable chemical signatures SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SMALL-PARTICLE; METABOLOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; SERUM; SEPARATION; CANCER AB RationaleThe metabolite profiling of a NIST plasma Standard Reference Material (SRM 1950) on different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) platforms showed significant differences. Although these findings suggest caution when interpreting metabolomics results, the degree of overlap of both profiles allowed us to use tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra to evaluate to what extent these results are transferable across platforms and to develop cross-platform chemical signatures. MethodsNon-targeted global metabolite profiles of SRM 1950 were obtained on different LC/MS platforms using reversed-phase chromatography and different chromatographic scales (conventional HPLC, UHPLC and nanoLC). The data processing and the metabolite differential analysis were carried out using publically available (XCMS), proprietary (Mass Profiler Professional) and in-house software (NIST pipeline). ResultsRepeatability and intermediate precision showed that the non-targeted SRM 1950 profiling was highly reproducible when working on the same platform (relative standard deviation (RSD) <2%); however, substantial differences were found in the LC/MS patterns originating on different platforms or even using different chromatographic scales (conventional HPLC, UHPLC and nanoLC) on the same platform. A substantial degree of overlap (common molecular features) was also found. A procedure to generate consistent chemical signatures using tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra is proposed. ConlusionsDifferent platforms rendered significantly different metabolite profiles, but the results were highly reproducible when working within one platform. Tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra are proposed to evaluate the degree of transferability of chemical signatures generated on different platforms. Chemical signatures based on our procedure are most likely cross-platform transferable. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Telu, Kelly H.; Yan, Xinjian; Wallace, William E.; Stein, Stephen E.; Simon-Manso, Yamil] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon-Manso, Y (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysimon@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 30 IS 5 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1002/rcm.7475 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA DD5WU UT WOS:000369996300004 PM 26842580 ER PT J AU Huyang, G Debertin, AE Sun, JR AF Huyang, George Debertin, Anne E. Sun, Jirun TI Design and development of self-healing dental composites SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Self-healing; Composite; Dental material; Encapsulation ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICA MICROCAPSULES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; POLYMER; RESTORATIONS; PERFORMANCE; RESIN; FLUOROAPATITE AB The purpose of this project is to design and develop a clinically applicable self-healing dental composite (SHDC). The value of resin-based dental restorations could be improved by increasing their service lives. One way to improve longevity is to obturate micro-cracks that form during or after the composite hardens in the dental cavity. Toward this end, we introduce here a new type of SHDC made with contemporary dental components plus two additional ingredients: a healing powder (HP, strontium fluoroaluminosilicate particles) and a healing liquid (HL, aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acids) that is enclosed within silica microcapsules. As micro-cracks develop, they will break the microcapsules in their propagation path, thereby releasing HL. This liquid will then react with particles of HP exposed by the crack formation, forming an insoluble reaction product that fills and seals the cracks. The key factors to achieve these self-healing of cracks are discussed. The elastic modulus of a SHDC appeared to be satisfactory. The healing process was confirmed by means of mechanical, morphological, and chemical methods. The SHDC restored micro-cracks without external intervention, thereby showing potential for increasing the service lives of dental restorations. Importantly, this SHDC contains only clinically-tested, biocompatible materials, making it readily applicable. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huyang, George; Debertin, Anne E.; Sun, Jirun] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Jirun] 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov OI Sun, Jirun/0000-0002-3383-8956 FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01DE023752]; ADA Foundation FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE023752). Financial support was also provided through the ADA Foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr. Rafael Bowen, Mr. Anthony Giuseppetti, and Mr. George Quinn for their technical recommendations. We also would like to thank the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their technical support. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 20 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 EI 1873-4197 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 94 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.046 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DD0CZ UT WOS:000369589200034 PM 26955205 ER PT J AU Chen, DS Lander, GR Krowpman, KS Solomon, GS Flagg, EB AF Chen, Disheng Lander, Gary R. Krowpman, Kyle S. Solomon, Glenn S. Flagg, Edward B. TI Characterization of the local charge environment of a single quantum dot via resonance fluorescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTONS; DEVICE; ENTANGLEMENT AB We study the photon-statistical behavior of resonance fluorescence from self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) as a function of the density of free charge carriers introduced by an above band-gap laser. Second-order correlation measurements show bunching behavior that changes with above-band laser power and is absent in purely above-band excited emission. Resonant photoluminescence excitation spectra indicate that the QD experiences discrete spectral shifts and continuous drift due to changes in the local charge environment. These spectral changes, combined with the tunneling of charges from the environment to the QD, provide an explanation of the bunching observed in the correlations. C1 [Chen, Disheng; Lander, Gary R.; Krowpman, Kyle S.; Flagg, Edward B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM edward.flagg@mail.wvu.edu FU NSF PFC@JQI; Fulbright Austria-Austrian American Educational Commission through the Fulbright-University of Innsbruck Visiting Scholar program; National Science Foundation [DMR-1452840] FX We would like to acknowledge C. Stephen Hellberg and T. Thomay for helpful discussions. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support from the NSF PFC@JQI, and from Fulbright Austria-Austrian American Educational Commission through the Fulbright-University of Innsbruck Visiting Scholar program. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1452840). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 11 AR 115307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.115307 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9MN UT WOS:000372407200003 ER PT J AU Hallas, AM Gaudet, J Butch, NP Tachibana, M Freitas, RS Luke, GM Wiebe, CR Gaulin, BD AF Hallas, A. M. Gaudet, J. Butch, N. P. Tachibana, M. Freitas, R. S. Luke, G. M. Wiebe, C. R. Gaulin, B. D. TI Universal dynamic magnetism in Yb pyrochlores with disparate ground states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; YB2TI2O7 AB The ytterbium pyrochlore magnets, Yb2B2O7 (B = Sn, Ti, Ge) are well described by S-eff = 1/2 quantum spins decorating a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra and interacting via anisotropic exchange. Structurally, only the nonmagnetic B-site cation, and hence primarily the lattice parameter, changes across the series. Nonetheless, a range of magnetic behaviors is observed: the low-temperature magnetism in Yb2Ti2O7 and Yb2Sn2O7 has a ferromagnetic character, while Yb2Ge2O7 displays an antiferromagnetically ordered Neel state at low temperatures. While the static properties of the ytterbium pyrochlores are distinct, inelastic neutron scattering measurements reveal a common character to their exotic spin dynamics. All three ytterbium pyrochlores show a gapless continuum of spin excitations, resembling overdamped ferromagnetic spin waves at low Q. Furthermore, the specific heat of the series also follows a common form, with a broad, high-temperature anomaly followed by a sharp low-temperature anomaly at T-C or T-N. The novel spin dynamics we report correlate strongly with the broad specific heat anomaly only, remaining unchanged across the sharp anomaly. This result suggests that the primary order parameter in the ytterbium pyrochlores associated with the sharp anomaly is "hidden" and not simple magnetic dipole order. C1 [Hallas, A. M.; Gaudet, J.; Luke, G. M.; Wiebe, C. R.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, MS 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tachibana, M.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Freitas, R. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Luke, G. M.; Wiebe, C. R.; Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z7, Canada. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Gaulin, BD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.; Gaulin, BD (reprint author), Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z7, Canada.; Gaulin, BD (reprint author), Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM alannah.hallas@gmail.com; gaulin@physics.mcmaster.ca RI Freitas, Rafael/K-1034-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; TACHIBANA, Makoto/H-2794-2011; OI Freitas, Rafael/0000-0002-0225-6195 FU Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship Program; National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) through the NIMS Internship Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs Program (Tier II); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; CNPq [400278/20120] FX We acknowledge useful conversations with M. J. P. Gingras and L. Balents. We thank H. D. Zhou, K. A. Ross, and E. Kermarrec for making their data available for this work. A.M.H. acknowledges support from the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship Program and thanks the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) for their hospitality and support through the NIMS Internship Program. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. C.R.W. acknowledges support through the Canada Research Chairs Program (Tier II). Work at the NIST Center for Neutron Research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. R.S.F. acknowledges support from CNPq (Grant No. 400278/20120). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 10 AR 100403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.100403 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9LL UT WOS:000372404400001 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Woicik, JC Bridges, F Sterbinsky, GE Usher, TM Jones, JL Torrejon, D AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Woicik, J. C. Bridges, F. Sterbinsky, G. E. Usher, T-M. Jones, J. L. Torrejon, D. TI Local structure in BaTiO3-BiScO3 dipole glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PEROVSKITE; POLARIZATION; DIELECTRICS; CERAMICS; RELAXOR AB Local structures in cubic perovskite-type (Ba0.6Bi0.4)(Ti0.6Sc0.4)O-3 solid solutions that exhibit reentrant dipole glass behavior have been studied with variable-temperature x-ray/neutron total scattering, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, and electron diffraction methods. Simultaneous fitting of these data using a reverse Monte Carlo algorithm provided instantaneous atomic configurations, which have been used to extract local displacements of the constituent species. The smaller Bi and Ti atoms exhibit probability density distributions that consist of 14 and 8 split sites, respectively. In contrast, Ba and Sc feature single-site distributions. The multisite distributions arise from large and strongly anisotropic off-center displacements of Bi and Ti. The cation displacements are correlated over a short range, with a correlation length limited by chemical disorder. The magnitudes of these displacements and their anisotropy, which are largely determined by local chemistry, change relatively insignificantly on cooling from room temperature. The structure features a nonrandom distribution of local polarization with low-dimensional polar clusters that are several unit cells in size. In situ measurements of atomic pair-distribution function under applied electric field were used to study field-induced changes in the local structure; however, no significant effects besides lattice expansion in the direction of the field could be observed up to electric-field values of 4 kVmm(-1). C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bridges, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sterbinsky, G. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Usher, T-M.; Jones, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Torrejon, D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov OI Usher, Tedi-Marie/0000-0001-8265-5972 FU Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; SSRL [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; APS [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1356109] FX This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, while it was funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Portions of this research were carried out at the (i) SSRL Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, a directorate of the stanford linear accelerator center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, by Stanford University, (ii) National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and (iii) APS Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (beamline 11-ID-B). The authors are grateful to J. Siewenie (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and E. Nelson (SSRL) for their technical assistance with the neutron scattering and x-ray absorption measurements, respectively, and to K. Beyer (APS) for his help with the x-ray PDF measurements. The work of D.T. has been supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1356109. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 10 AR 104106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104106 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9LL UT WOS:000372404400003 ER PT J AU Wagman, JJ Carlo, JP Gaudet, J Van Gastel, G Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Granroth, GE Kolesnikov, AI Savici, AT Kim, YJ Zhang, H Ellis, D Zhao, Y Clark, L Kallin, AB Mazurek, E Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Wagman, J. J. Carlo, J. P. Gaudet, J. Van Gastel, G. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Granroth, G. E. Kolesnikov, A. I. Savici, A. T. Kim, Y. J. Zhang, H. Ellis, D. Zhao, Y. Clark, L. Kallin, A. B. Mazurek, E. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Neutron scattering studies of spin-phonon hybridization and superconducting spin gaps in the high-temperature superconductor La2-x(Sr, Ba)(x)CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LA2-XSRXCUO4; LA2CUO4; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; PURE AB We present time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements on single crystals of La2-xBaxCuO4 (LBCO) with 0 <= x <= 0.095 and La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) with x = 0.08 and 0.11. This range of dopings spans much of the phase diagram relevant to high-temperature cuprate superconductivity, ranging from insulating, three-dimensional commensurate long-range antiferromagnetic order, for x <= 0.02, to two-dimensional (2D) incommensurate antiferromagnetism coexisting with superconductivity for x >= 0.05. Previous work on lightly doped LBCO with x = 0.035 showed a clear enhancement of the inelastic scattering coincident with the low-energy crossings of the highly dispersive spin excitations and quasi-2D optic phonons. The present work extends these measurements across the phase diagram and shows this enhancement to be a common feature to this family of layered quantum magnets. Furthermore, we show that the low-temperature, low-energy magnetic spectral weight is substantially larger for samples with nonsuperconducting ground states relative to any of the samples with superconducting ground states. Spin gaps, suppression of low-energy magnetic spectral weight as a function of decreasing temperature, are observed in both superconducting LBCO and LSCO samples, consistent with previous observations for superconducting LSCO. C1 [Wagman, J. J.; Carlo, J. P.; Gaudet, J.; Van Gastel, G.; Clark, L.; Kallin, A. B.; Mazurek, E.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Carlo, J. P.] Villanova Univ, Dept Phys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Granroth, G. E.; Savici, A. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolesnikov, A. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kim, Y. J.; Zhang, H.; Ellis, D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Zhao, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Wagman, JJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; OI Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Clark, Lucy/0000-0002-6223-3622 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We would like to acknowledge useful conversations had with N. Christensen, E. Taylor, J. P. Carbotte, T. Timusk, J. Tranquada, I. Zaliznyak, and D. Fobes. We would also like to acknowledge T. E. Sherline and L. DeBeer Schmidt for technical assistance with the measurements on SEQUOIA, J. Niedziela and D. Maharaj for technical assistance with the ARCS measurements, and E. McNeice for assistance with sample growth. Research using ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Work at McMaster was funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 14 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 9 AR 094416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.094416 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG9KA UT WOS:000372400100005 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Madonna, MC Lopez-Perez, D Lin, NJ Pasco, MD AF Forry, Samuel P. Madonna, Megan C. Lopez-Perez, Daneli Lin, Nancy J. Pasco, Madeleine D. TI Automation of antimicrobial activity screening SO AMB EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial activity screening; Automation; Performance assessment ID ORAL MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; TOTAL LABORATORY AUTOMATION; TUMOR-CELL-LINES; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; DENTAL PLAQUE; BIOFILM; COMMUNITIES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNOLOGY AB Manual and automated methods were compared for routine screening of compounds for antimicrobial activity. Automation generally accelerated assays and required less user intervention while producing comparable results. Automated protocols were validated for planktonic, biofilm, and agar cultures of the oral microbe Streptococcus mutans that is commonly associated with tooth decay. Toxicity assays for the known antimicrobial compound cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were validated against planktonic, biofilm forming, and 24 h biofilm culture conditions, and several commonly reported toxicity/antimicrobial activity measures were evaluated: the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Using automated methods, three halide salts of cetylpyridinium (CPC, CPB, CPI) were rapidly screened with no detectable effect of the counter ion on antimicrobial activity. C1 [Forry, Samuel P.; Madonna, Megan C.; Lopez-Perez, Daneli; Lin, Nancy J.; Pasco, Madeleine D.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lopez-Perez, Daneli] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.forry@nist.gov FU NRC; NIST SURF program FX The NIST SURF program provided support for MCM. DLP was supported through an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2191-0855 J9 AMB EXPRESS JI AMB Express PD MAR 12 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 20 DI 10.1186/s13568-016-0191-2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DG3IH UT WOS:000371962200001 PM 26970766 ER PT J AU Han, Z Wu, YH Lightstone, S Gross, B AF Han, Zaw Wu, Yonghua Lightstone, Sam Gross, Barry TI Observation of aerosol-cloud interaction over New York City using synergetic ground-based remote sensing systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aerosol; extinction; cloud optical depth; cloud droplet effective radius; integrated liquid water path; aerosol indirect effect ID LIQUID WATER PATH; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SATELLITE DATA; RETRIEVAL; EXTINCTION; PROFILES; DROPLETS; SENSORS; ALBEDO; LIDAR AB Using UV Raman Lidar for aerosol extinction (alpha(ext)), and combining microwave radiometer-derived liquid water path (LWP) with multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer-derived cloud optical depth (tau(cod)) to retrieve cloud droplet effective radius (R-eff), we observe clear signatures of the Twomey aerosol indirect effect (IE) under certain specialized conditions. The aerosol-cloud index (ACI) or IE slope relating cloud droplet radius to aerosol loading is calculated and shown to be quantitatively consistent with theoretical constraints. To demonstrate consistency, we use both a neural network multiband (default) approach and a dual-channel (DC) approach for the LWP and observe that the DC approach is generally more robust with more successful retrievals leading to a reduction of error in our regression analysis. We also perform an uncertainty analysis of the IE regression slope taking into account the major sources of error in cloud property retrieval and demonstrate that only sufficiently high values of the IE slope should be observable. Finally, based on the results of multiple cases, we observe the importance of vertical wind uptake on the IE signature. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Han, Zaw; Wu, Yonghua; Lightstone, Sam; Gross, Barry] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Dept Elect Engn, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Han, Zaw; Wu, Yonghua; Lightstone, Sam; Gross, Barry] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Han, Z (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Dept Elect Engn, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Han, Z (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM zhan@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (NOAA-CREST) [49173-00-03] FX This work was supported in part by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (NOAA-CREST) Grant No. 49173-00-03. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 11 PY 2016 VL 10 AR 016023 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.10.016023 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ4OA UT WOS:000374184500001 ER PT J AU Qiu, S Shao, X Cao, CY Uprety, S AF Qiu, Shi Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Uprety, Sirish TI Feasibility demonstration for calibrating Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite day/night band using Dome C and Greenland under moon light SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite day/night band; day/night band calibration; night time vicarious calibration; lunar calibration; lunar irradiance; Dome C; Greenland ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SATELLITE AB The day/night band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) represents a major advancement in night time imaging capabilities. DNB covers almost seven orders of magnitude in its dynamic range from full sunlight to half-moon. To achieve this large dynamic range, it uses four charge-coupled device arrays in three gain stages. The low gain stage (LGS) gain is calibrated using the solar diffuser. In operations, the medium and high gain stage values are determined by multiplying the gain ratios between the medium gain stage, and LGS, and high gain stage (HGS) and LGS, respectively. This paper focuses on independently verifying the radiometric accuracy and stability of DNB HGS using DNB observations of ground vicarious calibration sites under lunar illumination at night. Dome C in Antarctica in the southern hemisphere and Greenland in the northern hemisphere are chosen as the vicarious calibration sites. Nadir observations of these high latitude regions by VIIRS are selected during perpetual night season, i. e., from April to August for Dome C and from November to January for Greenland over the years 2012 to 2013. Additional selection criteria, such as lunar phase being more than half-moon and no influence of straylight effects, are also applied in data selection. The lunar spectral irradiance model, as a function of Sun-Earth-Moon distances and lunar phase, is used to determine the top-of-atmosphere reflectance at the vicarious site. The vicariously derived long-term reflectance from DNB observations agrees with the reflectance derived from Hyperion observations. The vicarious trending of DNB radiometric performance using DOME-C and Greenland under moon light shows that the DNB HGS radiometric variability (relative accuracy to lunar irradiance model and Hyperion observation) is within 8%. Residual variability is also discussed. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Qiu, Shi; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Qiu, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sqiu1@umd.edu RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU Joint Polar Satellite System program FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Yan Bai for the assistance with data acquisition. We also thank Dr. S. Miller for making his lunar irradiance model publicly available. This study was partially funded by the Joint Polar Satellite System program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 11 PY 2016 VL 10 AR 016024 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.10.016024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ4OA UT WOS:000374184500002 ER PT J AU Li, K Arif, M Cory, DG Haun, R Heacock, B Huber, MG Nsofini, J Pushin, DA Saggu, P Sarenac, D Shahi, CB Skavysh, V Snow, WM Young, AR AF Li, K. Arif, M. Cory, D. G. Haun, R. Heacock, B. Huber, M. G. Nsofini, J. Pushin, D. A. Saggu, P. Sarenac, D. Shahi, C. B. Skavysh, V. Snow, W. M. Young, A. R. CA INDEX Collaboration TI Neutron limit on the strongly-coupled chameleon field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-ENERGY; CONSTRAINTS; SUPERNOVAE AB The physical origin of the dark energy that causes the accelerated expansion rate of the Universe is one of the major open questions of cosmology. One set of theories postulates the existence of a self-interacting scalar field for dark energy coupling to matter. In the chameleon dark energy theory, this coupling induces a screening mechanism such that the field amplitude is nonzero in empty space but is greatly suppressed in regions of terrestrial matter density. However measurements performed under appropriate vacuum conditions can enable the chameleon field to appear in the apparatus, where it can be subjected to laboratory experiments. Here we report the most stringent upper bound on the free neutron-chameleon coupling in the strongly coupled limit of the chameleon theory using neutron interferometric techniques. Our experiment sought the chameleon field through the relative phase shift it would induce along one of the neutron paths inside a perfect crystal neutron interferometer. The amplitude of the chameleon field was actively modulated by varying the millibar pressures inside a dual-chamber aluminum cell. We report a 95% confidence level upper bound on the neutron-chameleon coupling beta ranging from beta < 4.7 x 10(6) for a Ratra-Peebles index of n = 1 in the nonlinear scalar field potential to beta < 2.4 x 10(7) for n = 6, one order of magnitude more sensitive than the most recent free neutron limit for intermediate n. Similar experiments can explore the full parameter range for chameleon dark energy in the foreseeable future. C1 [Li, K.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Li, K.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Arif, M.; Huber, M. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cory, D. G.; Saggu, P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Cory, D. G.; Pushin, D. A.; Sarenac, D.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Haun, R.; Shahi, C. B.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Heacock, B.; Skavysh, V.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heacock, B.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nsofini, J.; Pushin, D. A.; Sarenac, D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.; Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.; Huber, MG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.; Young, AR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Young, AR (reprint author), Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA.; Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM michael.huber@nist.gov; dpushin@uwaterloo.ca; wsnow@indiana.edu; aryoung@ncsu.edu OI Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403; Nsofini, Joachim/0000-0003-0861-478X FU NSF [NSF PHY-1205342, PHY-1068712, PHY-1307426]; DOE [DE-FG02-97ER41042]; NSERC CREATE program; CERC; NIST Quantum Information Program; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; Indiana University Faculty Research Support Program; NSERC DISCOVERY program FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. NSF PHY-1205342, No. PHY-1068712, and No. PHY-1307426 and DOE Award No. DE-FG02-97ER41042. Financial support provided by the NSERC CREATE and DISCOVERY programs, CERC, and the NIST Quantum Information Program are gratefully acknowledged. K. L. and W. S. acknowledge the support of the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries and the Indiana University Faculty Research Support Program. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 11 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 062001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.062001 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA DG3JC UT WOS:000371964400003 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Gierczak, T Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Burkholder, JB Telg, H Voigt, C Peter, T Fahey, DW AF Gao, Ru-Shan Gierczak, Tomasz Thornberry, Troy D. Rollins, Andrew W. Burkholder, James B. Telg, Hagen Voigt, Christiane Peter, Thomas Fahey, David W. TI Persistent Water-Nitric Acid Condensate with Saturation Water Vapor Pressure Greater than That of Hexagonal Ice SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; REACTIVE NITROGEN; CONTAINING PARTICLES; CONTRAIL FORMATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; TRIHYDRATE NAT; H2O; AEROSOL; HNO3 AB A laboratory chilled mirror hygrometer (CMH), exposed to an airstream containing water vapor (H2O) and nitric acid (HNO3), has been used to demonstrate the existence of a persistent water nitric acid condensate that has a saturation H2O vapor pressure greater than that of hexagonal ice (I-h). The condensate was routinely formed on the mirror by removing HNO3 from the airstream following the formation of an initial condensate on the mirror that resembled nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). Typical conditions for the formation of the persistent condensate were a H2O mixing ratio greater than 18 ppm, pressure of 128 hPa, and mirror temperature between 202 and 216 K. In steady-state operation, a CMH maintains a condensate of constant optical diffusivity on a mirror through control of only the mirror temperature. Maintaining the persistent condensate on the mirror required that the mirror temperature be below the H2O saturation temperature with respect to I-h by as much as 3 K, corresponding to up to 63% H2O supersaturation with respect to I-h. The condensate was observed to persist in steady state for up to 16 h. Compositional analysis of the condensate confirmed the co-condensation of H2O and HNO3 and thereby strongly supports the conclusion that the I-h supersaturation is due to residual HNO3 in the condensate. Although the exact structure or stoichiometry of the condensate could not be determined, other known stable phases of HNO3 and H2O are excluded as possible condensates. This persistent condensate, if it also forms in the upper tropical troposphere, might explain some of the high I-h supersaturation in cirrus and contrails that have been reported in the tropical tropopause region. C1 [Gao, Ru-Shan; Thornberry, Troy D.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Burkholder, James B.; Telg, Hagen; Fahey, David W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gierczak, Tomasz; Thornberry, Troy D.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Telg, Hagen; Fahey, David W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gierczak, Tomasz] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, Warsaw, Poland. [Voigt, Christiane] Deutsches Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Peter, Thomas] ETH, Lab Atmospharenphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rushan.gao@noaa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. We thank H. Vomel for providing the CFHs for the experiments. We thank B. Karcher, V. F. McNeill, and D. M. Murphy for insightful discussions. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1431 EP 1440 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06357 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DG4KX UT WOS:000372042200011 PM 26447682 ER PT J AU Nault, BA Garland, C Wooldridge, PJ Brune, WH Campuzano-Jost, P Crounse, JD Day, DA Dibb, J Hall, SR Huey, LG Jimenez, JL Liu, XX Mao, JQ Mikoviny, T Peischl, J Pollack, IB Ren, XR Ryerson, TB Scheuer, E Ullmann, K Wennberg, PO Wisthaler, A Zhang, L Cohen, RC AF Nault, Benjamin. A. Garland, Charity Wooldridge, Paul J. Brune, William H. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Crounse, John D. Day, Douglas A. Dibb, Jack Hall, Samuel R. Huey, L. Gregory Jimenez, Jose L. Liu, Xiaoxi Mao, Jingqiu Mikoviny, Tomas Peischl, Jeff Pollack, Ilana B. Ren, Xinrong Ryerson, Thomas B. Scheuer, Eric Ullmann, Kirk Wennberg, Paul O. Wisthaler, Armin Zhang, Li Cohen, Ronald C. TI Observational Constraints on the Oxidation of NOx in the Upper Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; IN-SITU DETECTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIODE-LASER; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; HNO3-FORMING CHANNEL; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; NITRATE FORMATION AB NOx (NxO NO + NO2) regulates O-3 and HOx (HOx OH + HO2) concentrations in the upper troposphere. In the laboratory, it is difficult to measure rates and branching ratios of the chemical reactions affecting NOx at the low temperatures and pressures characteristic of the upper troposphere, making direct measurements in the atmosphere especially useful. We report quasi-Lagrangian observations of the chemical evolution of an air parcel following a lightning event that results in high NOx concentrations. These quasi-Lagrangian measurements obtained during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment are used to characterize the daytime rates for conversion of NOx to different peroxy nitrates, the sum of alkyl and multifunctional nitrates, and HNO3. We infer the following production rate constants [in (cm(3)/molecule)/s] at 225 K and 230 hPa: 7.2(+/- 5.7) X 10(-12) (CH3O2NO2), 5.1(+/- 3.1) X 10(-13) (HO2NO2), 1.3(+/- 0.8) X 10(-11) (PAN), 7.3(+/- 3.4) X 10(-12) (PPN), and 6.2(+/- 2.9) X 10(-12) (HNO3). The HNO3 and HO2NO2 rates are similar to 30-50% lower than currently recommended whereas the other rates are consistent with current recommendations to within +/- 30%. The analysis indicates that HNO3 production from the HO2 and NO reaction (if any) must be accompanied by a slower rate for the reaction of OH with NO2, keeping the total combined rate for the two processes at the rate reported for HNO3 production above. C1 [Nault, Benjamin. A.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Garland, Charity; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Brune, William H.; Zhang, Li] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crounse, John D.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dibb, Jack; Scheuer, Eric] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Huey, L. Gregory; Liu, Xiaoxi] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.; Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1106400]; NASA [NNX12AB79G, NNX12AC06G, NNX14AP46G, NNX12AC03G, NNX15A-H33A, NNX12AB80G] FX BAN was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE 1106400. BAN, CG, PWJ, and RCC acknowledge funding support from NASA (NNX12AB79G). PTR-MS measurements aboard the NASA DC-8 were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). TM was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. JDC and POW acknowledge funding support from NASA (NNX12AC06G and NNX14AP46G). PCJ and JLJ acknowledge funding form NASA (NNX12AC03G and NNX15A-H33A). JD and ES acknowledge funding from NASA (NNX12AB80G). BAN would like to thank Joshua L. Laughner in his assistance in setting up and running the GEOS-Chem model. The authors also want to thank the ground and flight crews of the DC-8 and the DC3 science team. Finally, the authors want to thank Donald Blake for the use of the whole air sampler measurements, Glenn Diskin for the use of the CH4 observations, and the reviewers for their constructive and thoughtful comments. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 9 BP 1468 EP 1478 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07824 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DG4KX UT WOS:000372042200015 PM 26575342 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Lu, CQ Ciais, P Michalak, AM Canadell, JG Saikawa, E Huntzinger, DN Gurney, KR Sitch, S Zhang, BW Yang, J Bousquet, P Bruhwiler, L Chen, GS Dlugokencky, E Friedlingstein, P Melillo, J Pan, SF Poulter, B Prinn, R Saunois, M Schwalm, CR Wofsy, SC AF Tian, Hanqin Lu, Chaoqun Ciais, Philippe Michalak, Anna M. Canadell, Josep G. Saikawa, Eri Huntzinger, Deborah N. Gurney, Kevin R. Sitch, Stephen Zhang, Bowen Yang, Jia Bousquet, Philippe Bruhwiler, Lori Chen, Guangsheng Dlugokencky, Edward Friedlingstein, Pierre Melillo, Jerry Pan, Shufen Poulter, Benjamin Prinn, Ronald Saunois, Marielle Schwalm, Christopher R. Wofsy, Steven C. TI The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; LAND-USE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; CLIMATE EXTREMES; OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE; BUDGET; CO2; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS AB The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and therefore has an important role in regulating atmospheric composition and climate1. Anthropogenic activities such as land-use change, agriculture and waste management have altered terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gas fluxes, and the resulting increases in methane and nitrous oxide emissions in particular can contribute to climate change(2,3). The terrestrial biogenic fluxes of individual greenhouse gases have been studied extensively(4-6), but the net biogenic greenhouse gas balance resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system remains uncertain. Here we use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of local flux measurements, and process-based modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversions) approaches to quantify the global net biogenic greenhouse gas balance between 1981 and 2010 resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system. We find that the cumulative warming capacity of concurrent biogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions is a factor of about two larger than the cooling effect resulting from the global land carbon dioxide uptake from 2001 to 2010. This results in a net positive cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases on the planetary energy budget, with a best estimate (in petagrams of CO2 equivalent per year) of 3.9 +/- 3.8 (top down) and 5.4 +/- 4.8 (bottom up) based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon). Our findings suggest that a reduction in agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions, particularly in Southern Asia, may help mitigate climate change. C1 [Tian, Hanqin; Lu, Chaoqun; Zhang, Bowen; Yang, Jia; Pan, Shufen] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lu, Chaoqun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ciais, Philippe; Bousquet, Philippe; Saunois, Marielle] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Canadell, Josep G.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Res, Global Carbon Project, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Saikawa, Eri] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Gurney, Kevin R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sitch, Stephen] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Bruhwiler, Lori; Dlugokencky, Edward] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chen, Guangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Melillo, Jerry] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Poulter, Benjamin] Montana State Univ, Inst Ecosyst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Poulter, Benjamin] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Prinn, Ronald] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schwalm, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM tianhan@auburn.edu RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Yang, Jia/A-6483-2012; OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Yang, Jia/0000-0003-2019-9603; Zhang, Bowen/0000-0002-8370-0509 FU NASA [NNX08AL73G, NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNX11AD47G, NNG04GM39C, NNX12AP74G, NNX10AG01A, NNX11AO08A]; NSF [AGS 1243232, AGS-1243220, CNH1210360]; Australian Climate Change Science Program; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310059]; NSF CAREER [AGS-0846358]; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program AGAGE grant [NNX11AF17G] FX This research was supported partially by NASA grants (NNX08AL73G, NNX14AO73G, NNX10AU06G, NNX11AD47G, NNG04GM39C) and NSF grants (AGS 1243232, AGS-1243220, CNH1210360). J. G. C. was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. E. S. was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office (award NA13OAR4310059). C. R. S. was supported by NASA grants (NNX12AP74G, NNX10AG01A, NNX11AO08A). K. R. G. was supported by NSF CAREER (AGS-0846358). R. G. P. was supported by a NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program AGAGE grant (NNX11AF17G to MIT). This study contributes to the Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases Synthesis of NACP (North American Carbon Program), and the Global Carbon Project (a joint project of IGBP, IHDP, WCRP and Diversitas). NR 77 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 78 U2 193 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 531 IS 7593 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1038/nature16946 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF9EZ UT WOS:000371665100039 PM 26961656 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY McMorrow, J Crespo-Otero, R Ao, GY Zheng, M Gillin, WP Palma, M AF Zhu, Jingyuan McMorrow, Joseph Crespo-Otero, Rachel Ao, Geyou Zheng, Ming Gillin, William P. Palma, Matteo TI Solution-Processable Carbon Nanoelectrodes for Single-Molecule Investigations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; NANOTUBES; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENCE; SEPARATION AB Here we present a solution-based assembly method for producing molecular transport junctions employing metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes as nanoelectrodes. The molecular junction conductance of a series of oligophenyls was successfully measured, highlighting the potential of an all-carbon based approach for the fabrication of solution-processable single-molecule junctions for molecular electronics. C1 [Zhu, Jingyuan; McMorrow, Joseph; Crespo-Otero, Rachel; Palma, Matteo] Queen Mary Univ London, Inst Bioengn, Mat Res Inst, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Gillin, William P.] Queen Mary Univ London, Mat Res Inst, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Gillin, William P.] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. [Ao, Geyou; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Palma, M (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Inst Bioengn, Mat Res Inst, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM m.palma@qmul.ac.uk RI Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011; OI Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034; Crespo Otero, Rachel/0000-0002-8725-5350; Gillin, William/0000-0002-6874-3746 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M029506/1]; Chinese Scholarship Council FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Award EP/M029506/1. J.Z. is financially supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council. We thank Khaled Kaja (Bruker) for helpful discussions and technical support. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 9 BP 2905 EP 2908 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b12086 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG3BZ UT WOS:000371945800009 PM 26854787 ER PT J AU Mikita, R Aharen, T Yamamoto, T Takeiri, F Ya, T Yoshimune, W Fujita, K Yoshida, S Tanaka, K Batuk, D Abakumov, AM Brown, CM Kobayashi, Y Kageyama, H AF Mikita, Riho Aharen, Tomoko Yamamoto, Takafumi Takeiri, Fumitaka Ya, Tang Yoshimune, Wataru Fujita, Koji Yoshida, Suguru Tanaka, Katsuhisa Batuk, Dmitry Abakumov, Artem M. Brown, Craig M. Kobayashi, Yoji Kageyama, Hiroshi TI Topochemical Nitridation with Anion Vacancy -Assisted N3-/O2- Exchange SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PEROVSKITE OXYNITRIDES; OXIDE; HYDRIDE; PYROCHLORES; LATIO2N; ORDER; STATE; CONDUCTIVITY AB We present how the introduction of anion vacancies in oxyhydrides enables a route to access new oxynitrides, by conducting ammonolysis of perovskite oxyhydride EuTiO3-xHx (x similar to 0.18). At 400 degrees C, similar to our studies on BaTiO3-xHx, hydride lability enables a low temperature direct ammonolysis of EUTi3.82+O-2.82/H-0.18, leading to the N3-/H--exchanged product EuTi4+O2.82No0.12 square 0.06 center dot When the ammonolysis temperature was increased up to 800 degrees C, we observed a further nitridation involving N3-/O2- exchange, yielding a fully oxidized Eu3+Ti4+O2N with the GdFeO3-type distortion (Pnma) as a metastable phase, instead of pyrochlore structure. Interestingly, the same reactions using the oxide EuTiO3 proceeded through a 1:1 exchange of N3- with O-2 only above 600 degrees C and resulted in incomplete nitridation to EuTi02.25N0.75, indicating that anion vacancies created during the initial nitridation process of EuTiO2.82H0.18 play a crucial role in promoting anion (N3-/O2-) exchange at high temperatures. Hence, by using (hydride-induced) anion-deficient precursors, we should be able to expand the accessible anion composition of perovskite oxynitrides. C1 [Mikita, Riho; Aharen, Tomoko; Yamamoto, Takafumi; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Ya, Tang; Yoshimune, Wataru; Kobayashi, Yoji; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon Chem, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Fujita, Koji; Yoshida, Suguru; Tanaka, Katsuhisa] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Chem Mat, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Batuk, Dmitry; Abakumov, Artem M.] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [Abakumov, Artem M.] Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Skoltech Ctr Electrochem Energy Storage, Moscow 143026, Russia. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kobayashi, Yoji] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Kageyama, Hiroshi] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP Kageyama, H (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. EM kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Fujita, Koji/C-7662-2012 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Fujita, Koji/0000-0002-1700-0889 FU CREST project; JSPS [25249090, 24248016]; [26106514] FX This work was supported by CREST project and JSPS Grant in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (no. 25249090 and no. 24248016) and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Nano Informatics" (no. 26106514). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL02B2 of SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (proposal nos. 2015B1110, 2015B1111, and 2015B1472). The authors thank Tsukasa Matsubara for his support during an SHG measurement. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 9 BP 3211 EP 3217 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b00088 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG3BZ UT WOS:000371945800055 PM 26855196 ER PT J AU Kindel, WF Schroer, MD Lehnert, KW AF Kindel, William F. Schroer, M. D. Lehnert, K. W. TI Generation and efficient measurement of single photons from fixed-frequency superconducting qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE FIELDS; QUANTUM; CIRCUITS AB We demonstrate and evaluate an on-demand source of single itinerant microwave photons. Photons are generated using a highly coherent, fixed-frequency qubit-cavity system, and a protocol where the microwave control field is far detuned from the photon emission frequency. By using a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), we perform efficient single-quadrature detection of the state emerging from the cavity. We characterize the imperfections of the photon generation and detection, including detection inefficiency and state infidelity caused by measurement back-action over a range of JPA gains from 17 to 33 dB. We observe that both detection efficiency and undesirable back-action increase with JPA gain. We find that the density matrix has its maximum single-photon component rho(11) = 0.36 +/- 0.01 at 29 dB JPA gain. At this gain, back-action of the JPA creates cavity photon number fluctuations that we model as a thermal distribution with an average photon number (n) over bar = 0.041 +/- 0.003. C1 [Kindel, William F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kindel, William F.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kindel, William F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schroer, M. D.] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. [Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kindel, WF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Kindel, WF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Kindel, WF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.kindel@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU National Science Foundation [1125844]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We would like to thank Martin Sandberg, Michael Vissers, Jiansong Gao, and David Pappas at NIST Boulder for providing the qubit used in the experiment, and James Thompson for an informative discussion. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844 and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 9 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 033817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033817 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DG0BB UT WOS:000371725700017 ER PT J AU Norcia, MA Thompson, JK AF Norcia, Matthew A. Thompson, James K. TI Cold-Strontium Laser in the Superradiant Crossover Regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; CLOCK; CAVITY AB Today's narrowest linewidth lasers are limited by mirror motion in the reference optical resonator used to stabilize the laser's frequency. Recent proposals suggest that superradiant lasers based on narrow dipole-forbidden transitions in cold alkaline earth atoms could offer a way around this limitation. Such lasers operating on transitions with linewidth of order mHz are predicted to achieve output spectra orders of magnitude narrower than any currently existing laser. As a step towards this goal, we demonstrate and study a laser based on the 7.5-kHz linewidth dipole-forbidden P-3(1) to S-1(0) transition in laser-cooled and tightly confined Sr-88. We can operate this laser in the bad-cavity or superradiant regime, where coherence is primarily stored in the atoms, or continuously tune to the more conventional good-cavity regime, where coherence is primarily stored in the light field. We show that the cold-atom gain medium can be repumped to achieve quasi-steady-state lasing. We also demonstrate up to an order of magnitude suppression in the sensitivity of laser frequency to changes in cavity length, verifying a key feature of the proposed narrow linewidth lasers. C1 [Norcia, Matthew A.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Norcia, MA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.norcia@colorado.edu FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX We acknowledge contributions to the experimental apparatus by Matthew Winchester, and thank Kevin Cox, Jan Thomsen, Murray Holland, and David Tieri for useful discussions. The authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD MAR 9 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 AR 011025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.011025 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DF9ZZ UT WOS:000371722700001 ER PT J AU Pookpanratana, S Zhu, H Bittle, EG Natoli, SN Ren, T Richter, CA Li, Q Hacker, CA AF Pookpanratana, S. Zhu, H. Bittle, E. G. Natoli, S. N. Ren, T. Richter, C. A. Li, Q. Hacker, C. A. TI Non-volatile memory devices with redox-active diruthenium molecular compound SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE molecular interfaces; non-volatile memory; self-assembled molecules; interface engineering ID ATTACHMENT AB Reduction-oxidation (redox) active molecules hold potential for memory devices due to their many unique properties. We report the use of a novel diruthenium-based redox molecule incorporated into a non-volatile Flash-based memory device architecture. The memory capacitor device structure consists of a Pd/Al2O3/molecule/SiO2/Si structure. The bulky ruthenium redox molecule is attached to the surface by using a 'click' reaction and the monolayer structure is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to verify the Ru attachment and molecular density. The 'click' reaction is particularly advantageous for memory applications because of (1) ease of chemical design and synthesis, and (2) provides an additional spatial barrier between the oxide/silicon to the diruthenium molecule. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data identified the energy of the electronic levels of the surface before and after surface modification. The molecular memory devices display an unsaturated charge storage window attributed to the intrinsic properties of the redox-active molecule. Our findings demonstrate the strengths and challenges with integrating molecular layers within solid-state devices, which will influence the future design of molecular memory devices. C1 [Pookpanratana, S.; Zhu, H.; Bittle, E. G.; Richter, C. A.; Li, Q.; Hacker, C. A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, H.; Li, Q.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Natoli, S. N.; Ren, T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pookpanratana, S; Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sujitra@nist.gov; christina.hacker@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1362214] FX We thank Dr Son Le for fruitful discussions. The memory devices were fabricated in part and TEM imaging were performed at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The synthetic work at Purdue is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CHE 1362214). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 9 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 9 AR 094009 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/28/9/094009 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DD9WZ UT WOS:000370277700010 PM 26871549 ER PT J AU Sherman, JA Levine, J AF Sherman, Jeff A. Levine, Judah TI Usage Analysis of the NIST Internet Time Service SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE internet time service; network time protocol (NTP); time transfer AB The Internet Time Service (ITS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) currently receives over 16 billion time requests per day. ITS servers derive their system time from the NIST atomic-referenced time scale and distribute it freely to the public. Here we explore ITS usage patterns discovered by analysis of inbound network traffic. For example, over a period of four weeks, just two of the approximate to 20 ITS servers received requests from 316 million unique Internet Protocol (IPv4) addresses, which is at least 8.5 % of the entire Internet. We offer recommendations for networked device/software manufacturers, and providers and consumers of network time services. C1 [Sherman, Jeff A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sherman, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeff.sherman@nist.gov; judah.levine@nist.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 121 DI 10.6028/jres.121.003 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ5AY UT WOS:000379218000001 ER PT J AU Ortiz, N Mangel, JC Wang, J Alfaro-Shigueto, J Pingo, S Jimenez, A Suarez, T Swimmer, Y Carvalho, F Godley, BJ AF Ortiz, Natalia Mangel, Jeffrey C. Wang, John Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Pingo, Sergio Jimenez, Astrid Suarez, Tania Swimmer, Yonat Carvalho, Felipe Godley, Brendan J. TI Reducing green turtle bycatch in small-scale fisheries using illuminated gillnets: the cost of saving a sea turtle SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE LEDs; Green turtles; CPUE; Small-scale fishery; Bycatch; Peru ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; LONGLINE FISHERIES; BY-CATCH; PELAGIC LONGLINES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLE; EXCLUDER DEVICES; SEABIRD BYCATCH; GLOBAL PATTERNS; NET FISHERIES; CIRCLE HOOKS AB Gillnet fisheries exist throughout the oceans and have been implicated in high by catch rates of sea turtles. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of illuminating nets with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) placed on floatlines in order to reduce sea turtle bycatch in a small-scale bottom-set gillnet fishery. In Sechura Bay, northern Peru, 114 pairs of control and illuminated nets were deployed. The predicted mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) of target species, standardized for environmental variables using generalized additive model (GAM) analysis, was similar for both control and illuminated nets. In contrast, the predicted mean CPUE of green turtles Chelonia mydas was reduced by 63.9% in illuminated nets. A total of 125 green turtles were caught in control nets, while 62 were caught in illuminated nets. This statistically significant re duction (GAM analysis, p < 0.05) in sea turtle bycatch suggests that net illumination could be an effective conservation tool. Challenges to implementing the use of LEDs include equipment costs, increased net handling times, and limited awareness among fishermen regarding the effectiveness of this technology. Cost estimates for preventing a single sea turtle catch are as low as 34 USD, while the costs to outfit the entire gillnet fishery in Sechura Bay can be as low as 9200 USD. Understanding these cost challenges emphasizes the need for institutional support from national ministries, inter national non-governmental organizations and the broader fisheries industry to make possible widespread implementation of net illumination as a sea turtle bycatch reduction strategy. C1 [Ortiz, Natalia; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Pingo, Sergio; Jimenez, Astrid; Suarez, Tania] ProDelphinus, Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru. [Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. [Wang, John; Swimmer, Yonat; Carvalho, Felipe] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna] Univ Cient Sur, Fac Biol Marina, Panamer Km 19, Lima, Peru. [Carvalho, Felipe] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Mangel, JC (reprint author), ProDelphinus, Octavio Bernal 572-5, Lima 11, Peru.; Mangel, JC (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England. EM j.mangel@exeter.ac.uk FU ProDelphinus; Darwin Initiative; National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research FX We thank the following field assistants who participated in data collection: E. Alfaro, N. Balducci, E. Campbell, T. Clay, P. Doherty, A. Luna, H. Parra, A. Pasara, and A. Ugolini. We also thank the fishermen and their families at Constante, Piura, Peru, for their support on every fishing trip. This work and study was supported by ProDelphinus, the Darwin Initiative, the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 19 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 545 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.3354/meps11610 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DH1UZ UT WOS:000372571700020 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, L Gratz, T AF Pfeiffer, Lisa Gratz, Trevor TI The effect of rights-based fisheries management on risk taking and fishing safety SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE catch shares; occupational safety; rights-based fisheries management; risk; sustainable fisheries ID NEW-ENGLAND FISHERY; COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN; UNITED-STATES; ALASKA; IFQS; PERCEPTIONS; EFFICIENCY; PROGRAMS; INDUSTRY; MARGINS AB Commercial fishing is a dangerous occupation despite decades of regulatory initiatives aimed at making it safer. We posit that rights-based fisheries management (the individual allocation of fishing quota to vessels or fishing entities, also called catch shares) can improve safety by solving many of the problems associated with the competitive race to fish experienced in fisheries around the world. The competitive nature of such fisheries results in risky behavior such as fishing in poor weather, overloading vessels with fishing gear, and neglecting maintenance. Although not necessarily intended to address safety issues, catch shares eliminate many of the economic incentives to fish as rapidly as possible. We develop a dataset and methods to empirically evaluate the effects of the adoption of catch shares management on a particularly risky type of behavior: the propensity to fish in stormy weather. After catch shares was implemented in an economically important US West Coast fishery, a fisherman's probability of taking a fishing trip in high wind conditions decreased by 82% compared with only 31% in the former race to fish fishery. Overall, catch shares caused the average annual rate of fishing on high wind days to decrease by 79%. These results are evidence that institutional changes can significantly reduce individual, voluntary risk exposure and result in safer fisheries. C1 [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gratz, Trevor] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pfeiffer, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lisa.pfeiffer@noaa.gov FU Usha and S. Rao Varanasi fellowship FX We thank Jennifer Lincoln, Kristin Williams, Jeremy Adams, Eric Thunberg, Todd Lee, Jim Hastie, Alan Haynie, Nick Bond, numerous friends and colleagues, and two reviewers for helpful comments. T.G. was funded by the Usha and S. Rao Varanasi fellowship. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 10 BP 2615 EP 2620 DI 10.1073/pnas.1509456113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG4AW UT WOS:000372013300029 PM 26884188 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Cheng, GJ Yu, S Walker, ARH Richter, CA Pan, MH Li, QL AF Yuan, Hui Cheng, Guangjun Yu, Sheng Walker, Angela R. Hight Richter, Curt A. Pan, Minghu Li, Qiliang TI Field effects of current crowding in metal-MoS2 contacts SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; GRAPHENE ELECTRODES; PLANAR DEVICES; MONOLAYER MOS2; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM AB Gate assisted contact-end Kelvin test structures and gate assisted four-probe structures have been designed and fabricated to measure the field effects of current crowding at the source/drain contacts of top-gate MoS2 field effect transistors. The transistors exhibited n-type transistor characteristics. The source/drain contact resistance was measured by using both gate-assisted Kelvin and gateassisted four-probe structures. The values of contact resistance measured by these two test structures are significantly different. The contact-front contact resistance obtained from the four-probe structure is strongly influenced by field effects on current crowding, while the contact-end resistance obtained from the Kelvin test structure is not. The metal-MoS2 contact current transfer length, LT, can be determined from the comparison between these two measurements. LT was observed to increase linearly with increasing gate voltage. This work indicates that the contact characteristics can be more precisely measured when both gate-assisted test structures are used. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yuan, Hui; Pan, Minghu] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Hui; Yu, Sheng; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yuan, Hui; Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yuan, H; Pan, MH (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.; Yuan, H; Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Yuan, H (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiyuan@hust.edu.cn; minghupan@hust.edu.cn; qli6@gmu.edu RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU U.S. NIST Grant [60NANB11D148]; U.S. NSF Grant [ECCS-1407807] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. NIST Grant 60NANB11D148 and U.S. NSF Grant ECCS-1407807. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 10 AR 103505 DI 10.1063/1.4942409 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH7KV UT WOS:000372973600050 ER PT J AU Garratt, E Nikoobakht, B AF Garratt, Elias Nikoobakht, Babak TI Surface-Directed Nanoepitaxy on a Surface with an Irregular Lattice SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE 2D materials; epitaxy; semiconductors; surface-directed growth; vapor-liquid-solid growth ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; OXIDE NANOWIRES; LARGE-SCALE; ZINC-OXIDE; GAN; GROWTH; HETEROJUNCTIONS; INTEGRATION; CIRCUITRY; SAPPHIRE C1 [Garratt, Elias; Nikoobakht, Babak] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2196-7350 J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 7 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 5 AR 1500598 DI 10.1002/admi.201500598 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DG3YA UT WOS:000372005900005 ER PT J AU Ng, LC Payne, WV AF Ng, Lisa C. Payne, W. Vance TI Energy use consequences of ventilating a net-zero energy house SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Air-to-air heat pump; Heat recovery ventilator; Net-zero energy buildings; Ventilation energy use AB A Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, to demonstrate that a home similar in size, aesthetics, and amenities to those in the surrounding communities can achieve net-zero energy use over the course of a year while meeting the average electricity and water use needs of a family of four in the United States. The facility incorporates renewable energy and energy efficient technologies, including an air-to-air heat pump system, a solar photovoltaic system, a solar thermal domestic hot water system, and a heat recovery ventilation system sized to meet American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62.2-2010 ventilation requirements. The largest energy end use within the home was space conditioning, which included heat loss through the building envelope, ventilation air supplied by the heat recovery ventilator (HRV), and internal loads. While HRVs are often described as being able to save energy when compared to ventilating without heat recovery, there have been no studies using a full year of measured data that determine the thermal load and energy impacts of HRV-based ventilation on the central heating and cooling system. Over the course of a year, continuous operation of the HRV at the NZERTF resulted in an annual savings of 7% in heat pump energy use compared with the hypothetical case of ventilating without heat recovery. The heat pump electrical use varied from an increase of 5% in the cooling months to 36% savings in the heating months compared with ventilation without heat recovery. The increase in the cooling months occurred when the outdoor temperature was lower than the indoor temperature, during which the availability of an economizer mode would have been beneficial. Nevertheless, the fan energy required to operate the selected HRV at the NZERTF paid for itself in the heat pump energy saved compared with ventilation without heat recovery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ng, Lisa C.] NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Payne, W. Vance] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Div Energy & Environm, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.ng@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 96 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.10.100 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA DJ0AI UT WOS:000373863400017 PM 26903776 ER PT J AU Munroe, DM Narvaez, DA Hennen, D Jacobson, L Mann, R Hofmann, EE Powell, EN Klinck, JM AF Munroe, D. M. Narvaez, D. A. Hennen, D. Jacobson, L. Mann, R. Hofmann, E. E. Powell, E. N. Klinck, J. M. TI Fishing and bottom water temperature as drivers of change in maximum shell length in Atlantic surfclams (Spisula solidissima) SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Shellfish fisheries; Spisula solidissima; Length-at-age; Temperature; Surfclam; Population model ID SUBTRUNCATA DA COSTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURF CLAM; EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; INDUCED SELECTION; AGE-STRUCTURE; NORTH-SEA; SIZE AB Maximum shell length of Atlantic surfclams (Spisula solidissima) on the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf, obtained from federal fishery survey data from 1982-present, has decreased by 15-20 mm. Two potential causes of this decreasing trend, fishery removal of large animals and stress due to warming bottom temperatures, were investigated using an individual-based model for post-settlement surfclams and a fifty-year hindcast of bottom water temperatures on the MAB. Simulations showed that fishing and/or warming bottom water temperature can cause decreases in maximum surfclam shell length (body size) equivalent to those observed in the fished stock. Independently, either localized fishing rates of 20% or sustained bottom temperatures that are 2 degrees C warmer than average conditions generate the observed decrease in maximum shell length. However, these independent conditions represent extremes and are not sustained in the MAB. The combined effects of fishing and warmer temperatures can generate simulated length decreases that are similar to observed decreases. Interannual variability in bottom water temperatures can also generate fluctuations in simulated shell length of up to 20 mm over a period of 10-15 years. If the change in maximum size is not genotypic, simulations also suggest that shell size composition of surfclam populations can recover if conditions change; however, that recovery could take a decade to become evident. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Munroe, D. M.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Narvaez, D. A.; Hofmann, E. E.; Klinck, J. M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hennen, D.; Jacobson, L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Mann, R.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Powell, E. N.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Narvaez, D. A.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Santiago, Chile. RP Munroe, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM dmunroe@hsrl.rutgers.edu; diegonarvaez@udec.cl; daniel.hennen@noaa.gov; larry.jacobson@noaa.gov; rmann@vims.edu; hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; eric.n.powell@usm.edu FU NSF Award [GEO-0909484]; NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems grant [0908939]; MINECON, Chile [NC120086]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project through the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch project [1002345, NJ32115] FX Thanks to E. Curtchiser and D. Kang for providing the Middle Atlantic Bight bottom water temperature hindcast, and to the NEFSC shell aging team who provide excellent age data. Financial support was provided by NSF Award: GEO-0909484 and NSF Coupled Natural and Human Systems grant number 0908939. D.A.N. was partially funded by MINECON - NC120086, Chile and D.M.M. was partially supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project accession number 1002345 through the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch project NJ32115. We are grateful for improvements to the manuscript from suggestions made by anonymous reviewers. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 170 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.009 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DG9CH UT WOS:000372379900011 ER PT J AU Eisenlord, ME Groner, ML Yoshioka, RM Elliott, J Maynard, J Fradkin, S Turner, M Pyne, K Rivlin, N van Hooidonk, R Harvell, CD AF Eisenlord, Morgan E. Groner, Maya L. Yoshioka, Reyn M. Elliott, Joel Maynard, Jeffrey Fradkin, Steven Turner, Margaret Pyne, Katie Rivlin, Natalie van Hooidonk, Ruben Harvell, C. Drew TI Ochre star mortality during the 2014 wasting disease epizootic: role of population size structure and temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE epizootic; sea star wasting disease; Pisaster ochraceus; host demography; mass mortality; climate change ID PISASTER-OCHRACEUS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL DISEASE; SEA; TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; COMPETITION; EMERGENCE AB Over 20 species of asteroids were devastated by a sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epizootic, linked to a densovirus, from Mexico to Alaska in 2013 and 2014. For Pisaster ochraceus from the San Juan Islands, South Puget Sound and Washington outer coast, time-series monitoring showed rapid disease spread, high mortality rates in 2014, and continuing levels of wasting in the survivors in 2015. Peak prevalence of disease at 16 sites ranged to 100%, with an overall mean of 61%. Analysis of longitudinal data showed disease risk was correlated with both size and temperature and resulted in shifts in population size structure; adult populations fell to one quarter of pre-outbreak abundances. In laboratory experiments, time between development of disease signs and death was influenced by temperature in adults but not juveniles and adult mortality was 18% higher in the 19 degrees C treatment compared to the lower temperature treatments. While larger ochre stars developed disease signs sooner than juveniles, diseased juveniles died more quickly than diseased adults. Unusual 2-3 degrees C warm temperature anomalies were coincident with the summer 2014 mortalities. We suggest these warm waters could have increased the disease progression and mortality rates of SSWD in Washington State. C1 [Eisenlord, Morgan E.; Yoshioka, Reyn M.; Maynard, Jeffrey; Rivlin, Natalie; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Groner, Maya L.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Elliott, Joel] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Biol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey] CRIOBE, CNRS EPHE, Lab Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Fradkin, Steven] Lake Crescent Lab, Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Turner, Margaret] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Eisenlord, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM me367@cornell.edu RI van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU Nature Conservancy; National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease RCN [OCE-1215977]; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310127]; Canadian Excellence Research Chair in aquatic epidemiology FX Field surveys and experimental work were supported by a grant from The Nature Conservancy to C.D.H., private donations from Kevin Schofield and Mrs Bailey's Arkansas schoolchildren, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease RCN (grant no. OCE-1215977) and an NOAA Climate Program Office grant no. (NA13OAR4310127) to C.D.H. M.L.G. was partially supported by the Canadian Excellence Research Chair in aquatic epidemiology. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 46 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1689 AR 20150212 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0212 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF2CU UT WOS:000371148300010 ER PT J AU Groner, ML Maynard, J Breyta, R Carnegie, RB Dobson, A Friedman, CS Froelich, B Garren, M Gulland, FMD Heron, SF Noble, RT Revie, CW Shields, JD Vanderstichel, R Weil, E Wyllie-Echeverria, S Harvell, CD AF Groner, Maya L. Maynard, Jeffrey Breyta, Rachel Carnegie, Ryan B. Dobson, Andy Friedman, Carolyn S. Froelich, Brett Garren, Melissa Gulland, Frances M. D. Heron, Scott F. Noble, Rachel T. Revie, Crawford W. Shields, Jeffrey D. Vanderstichel, Raphael Weil, Ernesto Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy Harvell, C. Drew TI Managing marine disease emergencies in an era of rapid change SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE adaptive management; marine disease; response plan; surveillance; impact mitigation; environmental law ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; WASTING DISEASE; ZOSTERA-MARINA; AQUACULTURE; MANAGEMENT; VIBRIO; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; CRUSTACEANS AB Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can be adaptive if informed by research advances and catalysed by communication among observers, researchers and decision-makers using information-sharing platforms. Recent increases in the awareness of the threats posed by marine diseases may lead to policy frameworks that facilitate the responses and management that marine disease emergencies require. C1 [Groner, Maya L.; Revie, Crawford W.; Vanderstichel, Raphael] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Ctr Vet Epidemiol Res, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Maynard, Jeffrey; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey] CRIOBE, EPHE, CNRS, Lab Excellence CORAIL,USR 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Breyta, Rachel; Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carnegie, Ryan B.; Shields, Jeffrey D.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Aquat Hlth Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Dobson, Andy] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Froelich, Brett; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Garren, Melissa] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Campus Ctr 100, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ct,E-RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [Weil, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy] Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Groner, Maya L.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C0A 2E0, Canada. RP Groner, ML (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C0A 2E0, Canada. EM maya.groner@gmail.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU NSF [OCE-1215977]; NOAA Climate Program Office grant [NA13OAR4310127]; Canadian Excellence Research Chair in Aquatic Epidemiology at the University of Prince Edward Island FX This paper was conceived during a meeting of the NSF-supported Research Coordination Network (RCN) on the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease (grant OCE-1215977 awarded to C. D. H.) made possible by logistical support from Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington. Financial support was also provided by an NOAA Climate Program Office grant to the supervising author (NA13OAR4310127) and to the first author by the Canadian Excellence Research Chair in Aquatic Epidemiology at the University of Prince Edward Island. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1689 AR 20150364 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0364 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF2CU UT WOS:000371148300014 ER PT J AU Maynard, J van Hooidonk, R Harvell, CD Eakin, CM Liu, G Willis, BL Williams, GJ Groner, ML Dobson, A Heron, SF Glenn, R Reardon, K Shields, JD AF Maynard, Jeffrey van Hooidonk, Ruben Harvell, C. Drew Eakin, C. Mark Liu, Gang Willis, Bette L. Williams, Gareth J. Groner, Maya L. Dobson, Andrew Heron, Scott F. Glenn, Robert Reardon, Kathleen Shields, Jeffrey D. TI Improving marine disease surveillance through sea temperature monitoring, outlooks and projections SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; Homarus americanus; epizootic shell disease; marine disease; predictive tools; resource management ID EPIZOOTIC SHELL DISEASE; LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CORAL BLEACHING EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; HEMATODINIUM SP AB To forecast marine disease outbreaks as oceans warm requires new environmental surveillance tools. We describe an iterative process for developing these tools that combines research, development and deployment for suitable systems. The first step is to identify candidate host-pathogen systems. The 24 candidate systems we identified include sponges, corals, oysters, crustaceans, sea stars, fishes and sea grasses (among others). To illustrate the other steps, we present a case study of epizootic shell disease (ESD) in the American lobster. Increasing prevalence of ESD is a contributing factor to lobster fishery collapse in southern New England (SNE), raising concerns that disease prevalence will increase in the northern Gulf of Maine under climate change. The lowest maximum bottom temperature associated with ESD prevalence in SNE is 12 degrees C. Our seasonal outlook for 2015 and long-term projections show bottom temperatures greater than or equal to 12 degrees C may occur in this and coming years in the coastal bays of Maine. The tools presented will allow managers to target efforts to monitor the effects of ESD on fishery sustainability and will be iteratively refined. The approach and case example highlight that temperature-based surveillance tools can inform research, monitoring and management of emerging and continuing marine disease threats. C1 [Maynard, Jeffrey; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey] CRIOBE, CNRS EPHE, Lab Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark; Liu, Gang; Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ctr,E-RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council ARC, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Williams, Gareth J.] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales. [Groner, Maya L.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Ctr Vet Epidemiol Res, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Dobson, Andrew] Princeton Univ, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [Glenn, Robert] Commonwealth Massachusetts, Div Marine Fisheries, Energy & Environm Affairs, 30 Emerson Ave, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Reardon, Kathleen] Dept Marine Resources, 21 State House Stn, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. [Shields, Jeffrey D.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Maynard, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.; Maynard, J (reprint author), CRIOBE, CNRS EPHE, Lab Excellence CORAIL, USR 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. EM maynardmarine@gmail.com RI Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease RCN [OCE-1215977]; NOAA Climate Programme Office [NA13OAR4310127]; NOAA NMFS Salt-onstall Kennedy programme [NA14NMF4270044]; NOAA CRCP; CIMAS/UM FX This study was primarily made possible by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease RCN (grant no. OCE-1215977) to C.D.H (among others), a NOAA Climate Programme Office grant (NA13OAR4310127) to C.D.H., on-going support for lobster research led by J.D.S. from the NOAA NMFS Salt-onstall Kennedy programme (NA14NMF4270044), and the NOAA CRCP funding that supports the NOAA CRW programme and R.v.H. at NOAA AOML and CIMAS/UM. NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 19 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2016 VL 371 IS 1689 AR 20150208 DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0208 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF2CU UT WOS:000371148300006 ER PT J AU Anderson, DA Miller, SA Raithel, G Gordon, JA Butler, ML Holloway, CL AF Anderson, D. A. Miller, S. A. Raithel, G. Gordon, J. A. Butler, M. L. Holloway, C. L. TI Optical Measurements of Strong Microwave Fields with Rydberg Atoms in a Vapor Cell SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article AB We present a spectral analysis of Rydberg atoms in strong microwave fields using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as an all-optical readout. The measured spectroscopic response enables optical, atom-based electric-field measurements of high-power microwaves. In our experiments, microwaves are irradiated into a room-temperature rubidium vapor cell. The microwaves are tuned near the two-photon 65D-66D Rydberg transition and reach an electric-field strength of 230 V/m, about 20% of the microwave-ionization threshold of these atoms. A Floquet treatment is used to model the Rydberg-level energies and their excitation rates. We arrive at an empirical model for the field-strength distribution inside the spectroscopic cell that yields excellent overall agreement between the measured and calculated Rydberg EIT-Floquet spectra. Using spectral features in the Floquet maps, we achieve an absolute strong-field measurement precision of 6%. C1 [Anderson, D. A.; Miller, S. A.; Raithel, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gordon, J. A.; Butler, M. L.; Holloway, C. L.] US Dept Commerce, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, D. A.] Rydberg Technol LLC, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Anderson, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Anderson, DA (reprint author), Rydberg Technol LLC, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0453]; DARPA's QuASAR program FX This work is supported by the AFOSR (FA9550-10-1-0453) and DARPA's QuASAR program. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD MAR 4 PY 2016 VL 5 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.5.034003 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DF5WF UT WOS:000371422600002 ER PT J AU Cox, KC Greve, GP Weiner, JM Thompson, JK AF Cox, Kevin C. Greve, Graham P. Weiner, Joshua M. Thompson, James K. TI Deterministic Squeezed States with Collective Measurements and Feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; PROJECTION NOISE; ENTANGLEMENT; TELEPORTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; TIMES AB We demonstrate the creation of entangled, spin-squeezed states using a collective, or joint, measurement and real-time feedback. The pseudospin state of an ensemble of N = 5 x 10(4) laser-cooled Rb-87 atoms is deterministically driven to a specified population state with angular resolution that is a factor of 5.5(8) [7.4 (6) dB] in variance below the standard quantum limit for unentangled atoms-comparable to the best enhancements using only unitary evolution. Without feedback, conditioning on the outcome of the joint premeasurement, we directly observe up to 59(8) times [17.7(6) dB] improvement in quantum phase variance relative to the standard quantum limit for N = 4 x 10(5) atoms. This is one of the largest reported entanglement enhancements to date in any system. C1 [Cox, Kevin C.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cox, KC (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR; ARO; National Science Foundation [1125844]; NDSEG fellowship FX We thank Elissa Picozzi for construction of the homodyne detector and Matthew A. Norcia for helpful discussions. This work is supported by NIST, DARPA QuASAR, ARO, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. K. C. C. acknowledges support from the NDSEG fellowship. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2016 VL 116 IS 9 AR 093602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.093602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DF5VM UT WOS:000371420600006 PM 26991175 ER PT J AU Allison, TC AF Allison, Thomas C. TI Application of an Artificial Neural Network to the Prediction of OH Radical Reaction Rate Constants for Evaluating Global Warming Potential SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; TRANSITION-STATE-THEORY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ABIOTIC DEGRADABILITY AB Rate constants for reactions of chemical compounds with hydroxyl radical are a key quantity used in evaluating the global warming potential of a substance. Experimental determination of these rate constants is essential, but it can also be difficult and time-consuming to produce. High-level quantum chemistry predictions of the rate constant can suffer from the same issues. Therefore, it is valuable to devise estimation schemes that can give reasonable results on a variety of chemical compounds. In this article, the construction and training of an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of rate constants at 298 K for reactions of hydroxyl radical with a diverse set of molecules is described. Input to the ANN consists of counts of the chemical bonds and bends present in the target molecule. The ANN is trained using 792 (OH)-O-center dot reaction rate constants taken from the NIST Chemical Kinetics Database. The mean unsigned percent error (MUPE) for the training set is 12%, and the MUPE of the testing set is 51%. It is shown that the present methodology yields rate constants of reasonable accuracy for a diverse set of inputs. The results are compared to high-quality literature values and to another estimation scheme. This ANN methodology is expected to be of use in a wide range of applications for which (OH)-O-center dot reaction rate constants are required. The model uses only information that can be gathered from a 2D representation of the molecule, making the present approach particularly appealing, especially for screening applications. C1 [Allison, Thomas C.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allison, TC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.allison@nist.gov NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1854 EP 1863 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09558 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DF7UI UT WOS:000371562700051 PM 26684219 ER PT J AU Chiang, WS Fratini, E Baglioni, P Georgi, D Chen, JH Liu, Y AF Chiang, Wei-Shan Fratini, Emiliano Baglioni, Piero Georgi, Daniel Chen, Jin-Hong Liu, Yun TI Methane Adsorption in Model Mesoporous Material, SBA-15, Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ARGON ADSORPTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; GAS-ADSORPTION; BARNETT SHALE; PORE-SIZE; MCM-41; SILICA; WATER AB The understanding of methane adsorption is important for many industrial applications, especially for the shale gas production, where it is critical to understand the adsorption/desorption of methane in pores even as small as a few nanometers. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we have studied the adsorption of deuterated methane (CD4) into one model mesoporous material, SBA-15, with pore diameter approximately 6.8 nm at the temperature range from 20 to 295 K at low pressure (approximate to 100 kPa). A new scattering model is developed to analyze the SANS patterns of gas adsorption in SBA-15. The surface roughness of the SBA-15 matrix is estimated. The gas adsorption behaviors on the surface regions are extracted from the fitting. The rough surface of the pores is found to retain a large amount of CD4 at the temperature above the capillary condensation temperature (T-c). At temperatures below T-c, the confined liquid and solid methane are estimated to be less dense than the corresponding bulk liquid and solid methane. Detailed theoretical analysis and experimental verification also show that SANS patterns at temperatures higher than T-c are much more sensitive to the change of the excess adsorption, epsilon(ads), rather than the average density of adsorbed layers commonly used in many studies. The model we establish can be used to analyze future SANS/SAXS data for gas confined in similar model porous materials. C1 [Chiang, Wei-Shan; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chiang, Wei-Shan; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3 Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, Via Lastruccia 3 Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Georgi, Daniel; Chen, Jin-Hong] Aramco Serv Co, Aramco Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77084 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Chen, JH (reprint author), Aramco Serv Co, Aramco Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77084 USA. EM jinhong.chen@aramcoservices.com; yunliu@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700 FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB12H239, 70NANB10H256]; Aramco Services Company; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; CSGI FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with William Ratcliff, Daniel Siderius, William Krekelberg, and Vincent Shen. We also thank Ronald Jones, Kathleen Weigandt, Tanya Dax, and Alan Ye for the nSoft beamline support. Further, Dr. Jorge Tovar is acknowledged for help with sorption isotherm experiments. YL acknowledges the partial support of cooperative agreements 70NANB12H239 and 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was funded in part by Aramco Services Company and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. EF and PB kindly acknowledge CSGI for partial financial support. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 8 BP 4354 EP 4363 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10688 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF7UB UT WOS:000371562000022 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ Best, BD Mannocci, L Fujioka, E Halpin, PN Palka, DL Garrison, LP Mullin, KD Cole, TVN Khan, CB McLellan, WA Pabst, DA Lockhart, GG AF Roberts, Jason J. Best, Benjamin D. Mannocci, Laura Fujioka, Ei Halpin, Patrick N. Palka, Debra L. Garrison, Lance P. Mullin, Keith D. Cole, Timothy V. N. Khan, Christin B. McLellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann Lockhart, Gwen G. TI Habitat-based cetacean density models for the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAMMALS; SUBMARINE-CANYON; SPATIAL MODELS; WHALES; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; WATERS; RESPONSES; OCEAN AB Cetaceans are protected worldwide but vulnerable to incidental harm from an expanding array of human activities at sea. Managing potential hazards to these highly-mobile populations increasingly requires a detailed understanding of their seasonal distributions and habitats. Pursuant to the urgent need for this knowledge for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, we integrated 23 years of aerial and shipboard cetacean surveys, linked them to environmental covariates obtained from remote sensing and ocean models, and built habitat-based density models for 26 species and 3 multi-species guilds using distance sampling methodology. In the Atlantic, for 11 well-known species, model predictions resembled seasonal movement patterns previously suggested in the literature. For these we produced monthly mean density maps. For lesser-known taxa, and in the Gulf of Mexico, where seasonal movements were less well described, we produced year-round mean density maps. The results revealed high regional differences in small delphinoid densities, confirmed the importance of the continental slope to large delphinoids and of canyons and seamounts to beaked and sperm whales, and quantified seasonal shifts in the densities of migratory baleen whales. The density maps, freely available online, are the first for these regions to be published in the peer-reviewed literature. C1 [Roberts, Jason J.; Best, Benjamin D.; Mannocci, Laura; Fujioka, Ei; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Best, Benjamin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Palka, Debra L.; Cole, Timothy V. N.; Khan, Christin B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Garrison, Lance P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS USA. [McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann] Univ N Carolina, Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Lockhart, Gwen G.] Virginia Aquarium & Marine Sci Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Roberts, JJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jason.roberts@duke.edu FU CNES; U.S. Navy Fleet Forces Command; NASA [NNX08AK73G]; Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program at the Department of Environmental Quality through Task 1 of Grant [NA12NOS4190027]; NOAA [NA13NOS4190135] FX Above all, we thank the observers, scientists, engineers, pilots, captains, and crews who collected and shared cetacean and remote sensing observations with us; thank you for the opportunity to analyze the data you produced. Amy Whitt, Suzanne Bates, and Gary Buchanan contributed the NJ-DEP surveys. Phil Hammond, Claire Lacey and colleagues contributed the SCANS and CODA surveys. Vincent Ridoux and colleagues contributed the REMMOA surveys. Odd Aksel Bergstad, Thomas de Lange Wenneck, Leif Nottestad, and Gordon Waring contributed the MAR-ECO survey under the Norwegian License for Open Government data (NLOD). The altimeter products used in this analysis were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/duacs/). Dudley Chelton, Michael Schlax, and colleagues contributed a database of geostrophic eddies detected in the AVISO data. Stephane Maritorena and Erik Fields contributed satellite chlorophyll data from the Ocean Color MEaSUREs project (http://wiki.icess.ucsb.edu/measures/Products). Patrick Lehodey, Beatriz Calmettes, and colleagues contributed zooplankton and micronekton results from the SEAPODYM ocean model. Thanks to our colleagues for review and advice, especially Susan Barco, Elizabeth Becker, Danielle Cholewiak, Peter Corkeron, Andrew DiMatteo, Megan Ferguson, Karin Forney, Jim Hain, Jolie Harrison, Leila Hatch, Dave Johnston, Elizabeth Josephson, Erin LaBrecque, David L. Miller, Doug Nowacek, Joel Ortega-Ortiz, Richard Pace, Rui Prieto, Andy Read, Denise Risch, Jooke Robbins, Rob Schick, Doug Sigourney, Melissa Soldevilla, Joy Stanistreet, Len Thomas, Kim Urian, Sofie Van Parijs, Danielle Waples, and Simon Wood. Funding for this analysis was provided by the U.S. Navy Fleet Forces Command and by NASA (Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number NNX08AK73G). The VAMSC aerial surveys were funded by the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program at the Department of Environmental Quality through Task 1 of Grant NA12NOS4190027 and Task 95.02 of Grant NA13NOS4190135 from NOAA, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The NOAA GOM aerial and ship surveys were primarily conducted under inter-agency agreements between SEFSC and BOEM Gulf of Mexico Region (numbers 16197, 1445-IA09-96-0009, and 15958). The UNCW Navy surveys were funded by U.S. Navy Fleet Forces Command with Joel Bell as the COTR. The UNCW right whale surveys were funded by NOAA. The Navy was given the opportunity to suggest spatial, temporal, and taxonomical resolutions and a geographic extent that would facilitate the Navy's use of the results in U.S. environmental regulatory processes. When the analysis was complete, the Navy was given opportunity to view preliminary results. No funders, including the Navy, participated in the analysis of the data or the preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 22615 DI 10.1038/srep22615 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF3AB UT WOS:000371215000001 PM 26936335 ER PT J AU Ozcam, AE Efimenko, K Spontak, RJ Fischer, DA Genzer, J AF Oezcam, A. Evren Efimenko, Kirill Spontak, Richard J. Fischer, Daniel A. Genzer, Jan TI Multipurpose Polymeric Coating for Functionalizing Inert Polymer Surfaces SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE silicones; ultraviolet/ozone treatment; surface modification; trichlorosilane; PVMS; NEXAFS; semifluorinated; PET ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ULTRAVIOLET/OZONE TREATMENT; POLY(DIMETHYL SILOXANE); MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; NEXAFS; SOFT; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); PRECURSORS; GENERATION AB In this work, we report on the development of a highly functionalizable polymer coating prepared by the chemical coupling of trichlorosilane (TCS) to the vinyl groups of poly(vinylmethyl siloxane) (PVMS). The resultant PVMS-TCS copolymer can be coated as a functional organic primer layer on a variety of polymeric substrates, ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Several case studies demonstrating the remarkable and versatile properties of PVMS-TCS coatings are presented. In particular, PVMS-TCS is found to serve as a convenient precursor for the deposition of organosilanes and the subsequent growth of polymer brushes, even on hydrophobic surfaces, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of these versatile PVMS-TCS coatings are interrogated by an arsenal of experimental probes, including scanning electron microscopy, water contact-angle measurements, ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. C1 [Oezcam, A. Evren; Efimenko, Kirill; Spontak, Richard J.; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oezcam, A. Evren] 3 M Purificat Inc, Ctr 3 M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jan_Genzer@ncsu.edu FU United Resource Recovery Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences; Office of Naval Research FX This study was supported by the United Resource Recovery Corporation and the Office of Naval Research. The NEXAFS spectroscopy experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5694 EP 5705 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b12216 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF6GJ UT WOS:000371453600075 PM 26814561 ER PT J AU Lester, LA Ramirez, MG Kneidel, AH Heckscher, CM AF Lester, Lori A. Ramirez, Mariamar Gutierrez Kneidel, Alan H. Heckscher, Christopher M. TI Use of a Florida Gulf Coast Barrier Island by Spring Trans-Gulf Migrants and the Projected Effects of Sea Level Rise on Habitat Availability SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STOPOVER SITE; OF-MEXICO; MIGRATION; BIRDS; SONGBIRD; WIND AB Barrier islands on the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico are an internationally important coastal resource. Each spring hundreds of thousands of Nearctic-Neotropical songbirds crossing the Gulf of Mexico during spring migration use these islands because they provide the first landfall for individuals following a trans-Gulf migratory route. The effects of climate change, particularly sea level rise, may negatively impact habitat availability for migrants on barrier islands. Our objectives were (1) to confirm the use of St. George Island, Florida by trans-Gulf migrants and (2) to determine whether forested stopover habitat will be available for migrants on St. George Island following sea level rise. We used avian transect data, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and simulation modelling to investigate the potential effects of three different sea level rise scenarios (0.28 m, 0.82 m, and 2 m) on habitat availability for trans-Gulf migrants. We found considerable use of the island by spring trans-Gulf migrants. Migrants were most abundant in areas with low elevation, high canopy height, and high coverage of forests and scrub/shrub. A substantial percentage of forest (44%) will be lost by 2100 assuming moderate sea level rise (0.82 m). Thus, as sea level rise progresses, less forests will be available for migrants during stopover. Many migratory bird species' populations are declining, and degradation of barrier island stopover habitat may further increase the cost of migration for many individuals. To preserve this coastal resource, conservation and wise management of migratory stopover areas, especially near ecological barriers like the Gulf of Mexico, will be essential as sea levels rise. C1 [Lester, Lori A.; Ramirez, Mariamar Gutierrez; Kneidel, Alan H.; Heckscher, Christopher M.] Delaware State Univ, NOAA Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE USA. RP Lester, LA (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, NOAA Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE USA. EM lorilester@gmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education's Educational Partnership Program award [NA11SEC4810001] FX This project was made possible by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Education's Educational Partnership Program award (NA11SEC4810001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 AR e0148975 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0148975 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG0AN UT WOS:000371724200014 PM 26934343 ER PT J AU Goldfeder, RL Priest, JR Zook, JM Grove, ME Waggott, D Wheeler, MT Salit, M Ashley, EA AF Goldfeder, Rachel L. Priest, James R. Zook, Justin M. Grove, Megan E. Waggott, Daryl Wheeler, Matthew T. Salit, Marc Ashley, Euan A. TI Medical implications of technical accuracy in genome sequencing SO GENOME MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-EXOME CAPTURE; CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS; DE-NOVO; VARIANTS; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; MUTATION; PERFORMANCE; ANNOTATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: As whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) transition from research tools to clinical diagnostic tests, it is increasingly critical for sequencing methods and analysis pipelines to be technically accurate. The Genome in a Bottle Consortium has recently published a set of benchmark SNV, indel, and homozygous reference genotypes for the pilot whole genome NIST Reference Material based on the NA12878 genome. Methods: We examine the relationship between human genome complexity and genes/variants reported to be associated with human disease. Specifically, we map regions of medical relevance to benchmark regions of high or low confidence. We use benchmark data to assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value of two representative sequencing pipelines for specific classes of variation. Results: We observe that the accuracy of a variant call depends on the genomic region, variant type, and read depth, and varies by analytical pipeline. We find that most false negative WGS calls result from filtering while most false negative WES variants relate to poor coverage. We find that only 74.6 % of the exonic bases in ClinVar and OMIM genes and 82.1 % of the exonic bases in ACMG-reportable genes are found in high-confidence regions. Only 990 genes in the genome are found entirely within high-confidence regions while 593 of 3,300 ClinVar/OMIM genes have less than 50 % of their total exonic base pairs in high-confidence regions. We find greater than 77 % of the pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs currently in ClinVar fall within high-confidence regions. We identify sites that are prone to sequencing errors, including thousands present in publicly available variant databases. Finally, we examine the clinical impact of mandatory reporting of secondary findings, highlighting a false positive variant found in BRCA2. Conclusions: Together, these data illustrate the importance of appropriate use and continued improvement of technical benchmarks to ensure accurate and judicious interpretation of next-generation DNA sequencing results in the clinical setting. C1 [Goldfeder, Rachel L.; Grove, Megan E.; Waggott, Daryl; Wheeler, Matthew T.; Ashley, Euan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] NIST, Genome Scale Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldfeder, Rachel L.; Priest, James R.; Grove, Megan E.; Waggott, Daryl; Wheeler, Matthew T.; Ashley, Euan A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Ctr Inherited Cardiovasc Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ashley, Euan A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Priest, James R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ashley, EA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Ashley, EA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Ctr Inherited Cardiovasc Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Ashley, EA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM euan@stanford.edu FU Pediatric Scientist Development Program (NIH-NICHD) [K12-HD000850]; National Library of Medicine Training Grant [T15 LM7033]; NSF graduate research fellowship FX We thank Jiang Tao and colleagues at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research for contributing the exome sequencing data used in this work to the Genome in a Bottle Consortium. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this report to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. JRP is supported by the Pediatric Scientist Development Program, (NIH-NICHD K12-HD000850). RLG is supported by the National Library of Medicine Training Grant T15 LM7033 and an NSF graduate research fellowship. MEG's current address is Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California. The information presented represents the author's own views and does not necessarily represent the views of Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and/or Stanford University or its affiliates. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-994X J9 GENOME MED JI Genome Med. PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 8 AR 24 DI 10.1186/s13073-016-0269-0 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DF0CQ UT WOS:000371007000001 PM 26932475 ER PT J AU Triki, HZ Laabir, M Moeller, P Chomerat, N Daly-Yahia, OK AF Triki, Habiba Zmerli Laabir, Mohamed Moeller, Peter Chomerat, Nicolas Daly-Yahia, Ons Kefi TI First report of goniodomin A production by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax developing in southern Mediterranean (Bizerte Lagoon, Tunisia) SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax; Goniodomin A; Mediterranean sea; Morphology; Phylogeny ID POTENTIALLY TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; LIFE-HISTORY; POLYETHER MACROLIDE; GENUS ALEXANDRIUM; UNITED-STATES; RESTING CYSTS; COAST; PSEUDOGONIAULAX; DINOPHYCEAE; MONILATUM AB The dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax is widely distributed around the world including the Mediterranean waters. The objectives of this study were to determine the morphology and phylogenic affiliation of A. pseudogonyaulax strain isolated from Bizerte Lagoon (Mediterranean waters, Tunisia) and investigate its toxicity. Molecular analyses confirmed the morphological identification of the isolated strain (APBZ12) as A. pseudogonyaulax. Moreover, it showed that it is 100% identical with strains of this species found in New Zealand, Japan, China and North Sea (Norway and Denmark) suggesting that this species is cosmopolitan. Until now, no toxin studies have been conducted on fully characterized (morphologically and molecularly) A. pseudogonyaulax. Cellular toxin production was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Results showed for the first time that A. pseudogonyaulax contains goniodomin A (GDA), a highly toxic. macrolide polyether previously shown to be produced by two other dinoflagellate species Alexandrium monilatum (Hsia et al., 2006) and Alexandrium hiranoi (erroneously identified as A. pseudogonyaulax in Murakami et al., 1988) in American and Japanese waters, respectively. This biologically active toxin has been associated over decades with fish mortality. Our study showed that the cell extracts of APBZ12 showed an important bioactivity using GH4C1 rat pituitary cytotoxicity bioassay. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Triki, Habiba Zmerli; Daly-Yahia, Ons Kefi] Carthage Univ, IRESA, INAT, UR Marine Biol FST El Manar I, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia. [Laabir, Mohamed] Univ Montpellier, IRD, IFREMER, UMR 9190,MARBEC,CNRS, Pl Eugene Bataillon,Case 093, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Moeller, Peter] NOAA, Toxin Nat Prod Chem Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chomerat, Nicolas] Stn Biol Marine, Lab Environm & Ressources Bretagne Occidentale, IFREMER, Pl Croix, F-29900 Concarneau, France. RP Triki, HZ (reprint author), Carthage Univ, IRESA, INAT, UR Marine Biol FST El Manar I, 43 Ave Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia. EM bibarouma@hotmail.fr FU JEAI ECOBIZ (Jeune Equipe Associee, Ecologie de la lagune de Bizerte) program; LMI COSYS-MED - IRD (Institut Francais pour la Recherche et le Developpement); LAGUNTOX project - TOTAL Foundation; IRD; Toxin/Natural Products Chemistry Program (NOAA, USA) FX This work benefitted from financial supports of the JEAI ECOBIZ (Jeune Equipe Associee, Ecologie de la lagune de Bizerte) program and LMI COSYS-MED funded by IRD (Institut Francais pour la Recherche et le Developpement) and from LAGUNTOX project funded by TOTAL Foundation. Thanks to IRD for funding M. LAABIR stay in Tunisia. The Toxin/Natural Products Chemistry Program (NOAA, USA) provided support and analysis of toxins. The authors wish to thank G. Bilien for DNA amplification and sequencing. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 111 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.018 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA DZ9JB UT WOS:000386190100014 ER PT J AU Martinez-Urtaza, J Trinanes, J Gonzalez-Escalona, N Baker-Austin, C AF Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime Trinanes, Joaquin Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol Baker-Austin, Craig TI Is El Nino a long-distance corridor for waterborne disease? SO NATURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHOLERA; VIBRIO; DISSEMINATION; EMERGENCE; AMERICA AB The apparent emergence of new and devastating Vibrio diseases in Latin America during significant El Nino events is striking. New microbiological, genomic and bioinformatic tools are providing us with evidence that El Nino may represent a long-distance corridor for waterborne diseases into the Americas from Asia. C1 [Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Bath BA2 7AY, Somerset, England. [Trinanes, Joaquin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Campus Univ Sur, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol] US FDA, Mol Methods & Subtyping Branch, Div Microbiol, Off Regulatory Sci,Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Baker-Austin, Craig] CEFAS, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. RP Martinez-Urtaza, J (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Bath BA2 7AY, Somerset, England. EM J.L.Martinez-Urtaza@bath.ac.uk NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND EI 2058-5276 J9 NAT MICROBIOL JI NAT. MICROBIOL PD MAR PY 2016 VL 1 IS 3 AR 16018 DI 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.18 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DW4HU UT WOS:000383604600013 PM 27572176 ER PT J AU Wigington, CH Sonderegger, D Brussaard, CPD Buchan, A Finke, JF Fuhrman, JA Lennon, JT Middelboe, M Suttle, CA Stock, C Wilson, WH Wommack, EK Wilhelm, SW Weitz, JS AF Wigington, Charles H. Sonderegger, Derek Brussaard, Corina P. D. Buchan, Alison Finke, Jan F. Fuhrman, Jed A. Lennon, Jay T. Middelboe, Mathias Suttle, Curtis A. Stock, Charles Wilson, William H. Wommack, K. Eric Wilhelm, Steven W. Weitz, Joshua S. TI Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances SO NATURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; ECOSYSTEMS; INFECTION; PARTICLES; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; STRAINS; DRIVEN; SEA AB Marine viruses are critical drivers of ocean biogeochemistry, and their abundances vary spatiotemporally in the global oceans, with upper estimates exceeding 10(8) per ml. Over many years, a consensus has emerged that virus abundances are typically tenfold higher than microbial cell abundances. However, the true explanatory power of a linear relationship and its robustness across diverse ocean environments is unclear. Here, we compile 5,671 microbial cell and virus abundance estimates from 25 distinct marine surveys and find substantial variation in the virus-to-microbial cell ratio, in which a 10: 1 model has either limited or no explanatory power. Instead, virus abundances are better described as nonlinear, power-law functions of microbial cell abundances. The fitted scaling exponents are typically less than 1, implying that the virus-to-microbial cell ratio decreases with microbial cell density, rather than remaining fixed. The observed scaling also implies that viral effect sizes derived from 'representative' abundances require substantial refinement to be extrapolated to regional or global scales. C1 [Wigington, Charles H.; Weitz, Joshua S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sonderegger, Derek] No Arizona Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Brussaard, Corina P. D.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res NIOZ, Dept Biol Oceanog, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Brussaard, Corina P. D.] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Aquat Microbiol, IBED, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Buchan, Alison; Wilhelm, Steven W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Finke, Jan F.; Suttle, Curtis A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Fuhrman, Jed A.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lennon, Jay T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Middelboe, Mathias] Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Dept Biol, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. [Suttle, Curtis A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Suttle, Curtis A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Suttle, Curtis A.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Program Integrated Microbial Divers, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Stock, Charles] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wilson, William H.] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, The Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. [Wommack, K. Eric] Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Technol Pk, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Weitz, Joshua S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Weitz, JS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Wilhelm, SW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Weitz, JS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wilhelm@utk.edu; jsweitz@gatech.edu OI Buchan, Alison/0000-0001-7420-985X; Suttle, Curtis/0000-0002-0372-0033 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1233760, OCE-1061352]; Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Simons Foundation SCOPE grant; National Science Foundation through NSF Award [DBI-1300426]; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants OCE-1233760 (to J.S.W.) and OCE-1061352 (to A.B. and S.W.W.), a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (to J.S.W.) and a Simons Foundation SCOPE grant (to J.S.W.). This work was conducted as part of the Ocean Viral Dynamics Working Group at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, sponsored by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND EI 2058-5276 J9 NAT MICROBIOL JI NAT. MICROBIOL PD MAR PY 2016 VL 1 IS 3 AR 15024 DI 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2015.24 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DW4HU UT WOS:000383604600002 PM 27572161 ER PT J AU King, R McClintock, BT Kidney, D Borchers, D AF King, Ruth McClintock, Brett T. Kidney, Darren Borchers, David TI CAPTURE-RECAPTURE ABUNDANCE ESTIMATION USING A SEMI-COMPLETE DATA LIKELIHOOD APPROACH SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE BUGS; capture-recapture; closed populations; individual heterogeneity; JAGS; spatially explicit ID CLOSED POPULATION; MIXTURE-MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; INTEGRATION; INFERENCE; RATES AB Capture-recapture data are often collected when abundance estimation is of interest. In this manuscript we focus on abundance estimation of closed populations. In the presence of unobserved individual heterogeneity, specified on a continuous scale for the capture probabilities, the likelihood is not generally available in closed form, but expressible only as an analytically intractable integral. Model-fitting algorithms to estimate abundance most notably include a numerical approximation for the likelihood or use of a Bayesian data augmentation technique considering the complete data likelihood. We consider a Bayesian hybrid approach, defining a "semi-complete" data likelihood, composed of the product of a complete data likelihood component for individuals seen at least once within the study and a marginal data likelihood component for the individuals not seen within the study, approximated using numerical integration. This approach combines the advantages of the two different approaches, with the semi-complete likelihood component specified as a single integral (over the dimension of the individual heterogeneity component). In addition, the models can be fitted within BUGS/JAGS (commonly used for the Bayesian complete data likelihood approach) but with significantly improved computational efficiency compared to the commonly used superpopulation data augmentation approaches (between about 10 and 77 times more efficient in the two examples we consider). The semicomplete likelihood approach is flexible and applicable to a range of models, including spatially explicit capture-recapture models. The model-fitting approach is applied to two different data sets: the first relates to snowshoe hares where model M-h is applied and the second to gibbons where a spatially explicit capture-recapture model is applied. C1 [King, Ruth] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, James Clerk Maxwell Bldg,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kidney, Darren; Borchers, David] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Kidney, Darren; Borchers, David] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, Observ, Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP King, R (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, James Clerk Maxwell Bldg,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Ruth.King@ed.ac.uk; Brett.McClintock@noaa.gov; darrenkidney@googlemail.com; dlb@st-andrews.ac.uk FU EPSRC [EP/I000917/1] FX Supported in part by EPSRC Grant EP/I000917/1. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 264 EP 285 DI 10.1214/15-AOAS890 PG 22 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DO9OU UT WOS:000378116900012 ER PT J AU Martini, KI Stabeno, PJ Ladd, C Winsor, P Weingartner, TJ Mordy, CW Eisner, LB AF Martini, Kim I. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Ladd, Carol Winsor, Peter Weingartner, Thomas J. Mordy, Calvin W. Eisner, Lisa B. TI Dependence of subsurface chlorophyll on seasonal water masses in the Chukchi Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; ICE; SUMMER; CIRCULATION; SHELF; COMMUNITIES; DYNAMICS; BEAUFORT; PACIFIC AB During the late summer, phytoplankton in the northeastern Chukchi Sea are typically found in subsurface layers. These layers and their sensitivity to local changes in hydrography and nutrient concentrations are characterized by combining data from a high-resolution towed sampling platform with traditional shipboard observations. The replacement of surface meltwater and deeper nutrient-rich Chukchi Winter Water by northward flowing nutrient-poor Chukchi Summer Water and Remnant Winter Water leads to a net decrease in biomass and smaller phytoplankton. Between 17 and 67% of phytoplankton biomass is contained within the subsurface layers. This estimate is nearly twice as high as previous estimates from sparser shipboard data and suggests subsurface phytoplankton contribute significantly to the net biomass in the Chukchi Sea in late summer. C1 [Martini, Kim I.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Ladd, Carol; Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Martini, Kim I.; Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Winsor, Peter; Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Maine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Martini, KI (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Martini, KI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kmartini@uw.edu FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program (USFWS) [F12AF00188]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Environmental Studies Program [M12AC00009, M12PG00018, M10PG00050]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00021]; BOEM Environmental Studies Program [AK-12-03a]; NODC; Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS); BOEM; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX Thanks go to the captains, crews, and scientists aboard the R/V Aquila (ARCWEST), the Bering Explorer (Arctic Eis), and R/V Norseman II. Arctic Eis was funded under grants including the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (USFWS) Agreement Number F12AF00188 and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), and Environmental Studies Program Agreement Numbers M12AC00009, M12PG00018, and M10PG00050. ARCWEST was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management under Inter-Agency Agreement Number M12PG00021. The Acrobat data sets used in this paper were supported by BOEM Environmental Studies Program (AK-12-03a) and are archived with the authors and with NODC, the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS), and BOEM. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0858 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, PMEL contribution 4385. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution 2469. The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1755 EP 1770 DI 10.1002/2015JC011359 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO8YY UT WOS:000378072700014 ER PT J AU Wei, JW Lee, ZP Ondrusek, M Mannino, A Tzortziou, M Armstrong, R AF Wei, Jianwei Lee, Zhongping Ondrusek, Michael Mannino, Antonio Tzortziou, Maria Armstrong, Roy TI Spectral slopes of the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved and detrital material inverted from UV-visible remote sensing reflectance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MATTER CDOM; QUASI-ANALYTICAL ALGORITHM; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB The spectral slope of the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved and detrital material (CDM), S-cdm (units: nm(-1)), is an important optical parameter for characterizing the absorption spectral shape of CDM. Although highly variable in natural waters, in most remote sensing algorithms, this slope is either kept as a constant or empirically modeled with multiband ocean color in the visible domain. In this study, we explore the potential of semianalytically retrieving S-cdm with added ocean color information in the ultraviolet (UV) range between 360 and 400 nm. Unique features of hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance in the UV-visible wavelengths (360-500 nm) have been observed in various waters across a range of coastal and open ocean environments. Our data and analyses indicate that ocean color in the UV domain is particularly sensitive to the variation of the CDM spectral slope. Here, we used a synthesized dataset to show that adding UV wavelengths to the ocean color measurements will improve the retrieval of S-cdm from remote sensing reflectance considerably, while the spectral band settings of past and current satellite ocean color sensors cannot fully account for the spectral variation of remote sensing reflectance. Results of this effort support the concept to include UV wavelengths in the next generation of satellite ocean color sensors. C1 [Wei, Jianwei; Lee, Zhongping] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Opt Oceanog Lab, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Mannino, Antonio] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tzortziou, Maria] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Armstrong, Roy] Univ Puerto Rico, Bioopt Oceanog Lab, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Wei, JW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Opt Oceanog Lab, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM jianwei.wei@umb.edu RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water and Energy Cycle Programs; GEO-CAPE project; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project FX Financial support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry and Water and Energy Cycle Programs, the GEO-CAPE project, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project is greatly appreciated. The Rrs data in the North Pacific Gyre were collected by Marlon Lewis at the Dalhousie University. We thank Emmanuel Boss and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions, which have improved the manuscript. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1953 EP 1969 DI 10.1002/2015JC011415 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DO8YY UT WOS:000378072700026 ER PT J AU Kang, M Kim, S Low, LL AF Kang, Minho Kim, Suam Low, Loh-Lee TI Genetic Stock Identification of Immature Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the Western Bering Sea, 2004 SO OCEAN SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE chum salmon; ocean distribution; genetic stock identification (GSI); western Bering Sea; BASIS program ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MICROARRAY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BASE-LINES; RIM; MIGRATION; ACCURACY; SEQUENCE; TAGS AB Genetic stock identification studies have been widely applied to Pacific salmon species to estimate stock composition of complex mixed-stock fisheries. In a September. October 2004 survey, 739 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) specimens were collected from 23 stations in the western Bering Sea. We determined the genetic stock composition of immature chum salmon based on the previous mitochondria DNA baseline. Each regional estimate was computed based on the conditional maximum likelihood method using 1,000 bootstrap resampling and then pooled to the major regional groups: Korea -Japan -Primorie (KJP) / Russia (RU) / Northwest Alaska (NWA) / Alaska Peninsula-Southcentral Alaska Southeast Alaska -British Columbia -Washington (ONA). The stock composition of immature chum salmon in the western Bering Sea was a mix of 0.424 KJP, 0.421 RU, 0.116 NWA, and 0.039 ONA stocks. During the study period, the contribution of Asian chum salmon stocks gradually changed from RU to KJP stock. In addition, North American populations from NWA and ONA were small but present near the vicinity of the Russian coast and the Commander Islands, suggesting that the study areas in the western Bering Sea were an important migration route for Pacific chum salmon originating both from Asia and North America during the months of September and October. These results make it possible to better understand the chum salmon stock composition of the mixed-stock fisheries in the western Bering Sea and the stock-specific distribution pattern of chum salmon on the high-seas. C1 [Kang, Minho; Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Coll Fisheries Sci, Dept Marine Biol, Busan 48513, South Korea. [Kang, Minho] North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commiss, Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2, Canada. [Low, Loh-Lee] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Coll Fisheries Sci, Dept Marine Biol, Busan 48513, South Korea. EM suamkim@pknu.ac.kr FU Research Grant of Pukyong National University FX We would like to express our thanks to the Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) personnel for providing valuable specimens, especially the crews of the R/V TINRO research vessel for their sampling efforts in the high-seas. Also, we would like to acknowledge the efforts of the scientists at the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) of Korea, the Pacific Biological Station (PBS) in Canada, and the University of Washington (UW) in contributing to our baseline and GSI analysis. This work was supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University (2015 year). Without the valuable comments of Drs. J. Seeb (UW, USA) and T. Beacham (PBS, Canada), this paper could not have been completed. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU KOREA OCEAN RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT INST PI SEOUL PA P O BOX 29, SEOUL, 425-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5261 EI 2005-7172 J9 OCEAN SCI J JI Ocean Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 51 IS 2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s12601-016-0022-z PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DP1UP UT WOS:000378275200009 ER PT J AU Jackson, JA Carroll, EL Smith, TD Zerbini, AN Patenaude, NJ Baker, CS AF Jackson, Jennifer A. Carroll, Emma L. Smith, Tim D. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Patenaude, Nathalie J. Baker, C. Scott TI An integrated approach to historical population assessment of the great whales: case of the New Zealand southern right whale SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whaling; historical abundance; southern right whale; bottleneck; recovery ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; EUBALAENA-AUSTRALIS; GROUNDS; DIVERSITY; WORLDWIDE; SIZE AB Accurate estimation of historical abundance provides an essential baseline for judging the recovery of the great whales. This is particularly challenging for whales hunted prior to twentieth century modern whaling, as population-level catch records are often incomplete. Assessments of whale recovery using pre-modern exploitation indices are therefore rare, despite the intensive, global nature of nineteenth century whaling. Right whales (Eubalaena spp.) were particularly exploited: slow swimmers with strong fidelity to sheltered calving bays, the species made predictable and easy targets. Here, we present the first integrated population-level assessment of the whaling impact and pre-exploitation abundance of a right whale, the New Zealand southern right whale (E. australis). In this assessment, we use a Bayesian population dynamics model integrating multiple data sources: nineteenth century catches, genetic constraints on bottleneck size and individual sightings histories informing abundance and trend. Different catch allocation scenarios are explored to account for uncertainty in the population's offshore distribution. From a pre-exploitation abundance of 28 800-47 100 whales, nineteenth century hunting reduced the population to approximately 30-40 mature females between 1914 and 1926. Today, it stands at less than 12% of pre-exploitation abundance. Despite the challenges of reconstructing historical catches and population boundaries, conservation efforts of historically exploited species benefit from targets for ecological restoration. C1 [Jackson, Jennifer A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge, England. [Carroll, Emma L.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Smith, Tim D.] World Whaling Hist, Redding, CA USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho,714,Sala 206, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Patenaude, Nathalie J.] Coll Int St Anne, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge, England. EM jennifer.jackson@bas.ac.uk FU New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries [ZBD200505]; Oregon State University General Research Fund; Lenfest Ocean Program of the Pew Charitable Trust; Marsden Grant from the Royal Society of New Zealand [01-UOA-070]; Tertiary Education Commission; Natural Environment Research Council FX Initial funding for this study was provided by the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries through Project ZBD200505 to the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) which supported J.A.J., an Oregon State University General Research Fund, the Lenfest Ocean Program of the Pew Charitable Trust and a Marsden Grant from the Royal Society of New Zealand to C.S.B., Contract number 01-UOA-070. E.C. was supported by a fellowship from the Tertiary Education Commission and T.S. through the History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) project. This study is part of the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 150669 DI 10.1098/rsos.150669 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7NL UT WOS:000377969200019 PM 27069657 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Field, J Thompson, AR Gerrodette, T Lowry, M Fiedler, PC Watson, W Nieto, KM Vetter, RD AF McClatchie, Sam Field, John Thompson, Andrew R. Gerrodette, Tim Lowry, Mark Fiedler, Paul C. Watson, William Nieto, Karen M. Vetter, Russell D. TI Food limitation of sea lion pups and the decline of forage off central and southern California SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sea lions; forage; food limitation; California Current System ID PELAGIC JUVENILE ROCKFISH; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SARDINE; COLLAPSE; ANCHOVY; DIET; EXPLOITATION; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES AB California sea lions increased from approximately 50 000 to 340 000 animals in the last 40 years, and their pups are starving and stranding on beaches in southern California, raising questions about the adequacy of their food supply. We investigated whether the declining sea lion pup weight at San Miguel rookery was associated with changes in abundance and quality of sardine, anchovy, rockfish and market squid forage. In the last decade off central California, where breeding female sea lions from San Miguel rookery feed, sardine and anchovy greatly decreased in biomass, whereas market squid and rockfish abundance increased. Pup weights fell as forage food quality declined associated with changes in the relative abundances of forage species. A model explained 67% of the variance in pup weights using forage from central and southern California and 81% of the variance in pup weights using forage from the female sea lion foraging range. A shift from high to poor quality forage for breeding females results in food limitation of the pups, ultimately flooding animal rescue centres with starving sea lion pups. Our study is unusual in using a long-term, fishery-independent dataset to directly address an important consequence of forage decline on the productivity of a large marine predator. Whether forage declines are environmentally driven, are due to a combination of environmental drivers and fishing removals, or are due to density-dependent interactions between forage and sea lions is uncertain. However, declining forage abundance and quality was coherent over a large area (32.5-38 degrees N) for a decade, suggesting that trends in forage are environmentally driven. C1 [McClatchie, Sam; Thompson, Andrew R.; Watson, William; Vetter, Russell D.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gerrodette, Tim; Lowry, Mark; Fiedler, Paul C.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Field, John] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Nieto, Karen M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Water Resources Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov FU Waitt Foundation; Code Blue Foundation; Campbell Foundation; NOAA programme Fisheries and The Environment (FATE); NOAA Fisheries; NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This study was supported by the Waitt, Code Blue and Campbell Foundations. S.McC. is supported by the NOAA programme Fisheries and The Environment (FATE). A.R.T., J.F., M.L., W.W., P.C.F. and R.D.V. are funded by NOAA Fisheries. K.N. was supported by an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 AR 150628 DI 10.1098/rsos.150628 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7NL UT WOS:000377969200012 PM 27069651 ER PT J AU Iorga, M Scarfone, K AF Iorga, Michaela Scarfone, Karen TI Using a Capability-Oriented Methodology to Build Your Cloud Ecosystem SO IEEE CLOUD COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 [Iorga, Michaela] NIST, Cloud Comp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scarfone, Karen] Scarfone Cybersecur, Clifton, VA USA. RP Iorga, M (reprint author), NIST, Cloud Comp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michaela.iorga@nist.gov; karen@scarfonecybersecurity.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2325-6095 J9 IEEE CLOUD COMPUT JI IEEE Cloud Comput. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA DN9QI UT WOS:000377414300009 ER PT J AU Mensch, A Thole, KA AF Mensch, Amy Thole, Karen A. TI Overall Effectiveness and Flowfield Measurements for an Endwall With Nonaxisymmetric Contouring SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; STATOR VANE; TURBINE-BLADES; REGION AB Endwall contouring is a technique used to reduce the strength and development of three-dimensional secondary flows in a turbine vane or blade passage in a gas turbine. The secondary flows locally affect the external heat transfer, particularly on the endwall surface. The combination of external and internal convective heat transfer, along with solid conduction, determines component temperatures, which affect the service life of turbine components. A conjugate heat transfer model is used to measure the nondimensional external surface temperature, known as overall effectiveness, of an endwall with nonaxisymmetric contouring. The endwall cooling methods include internal impingement cooling and external film cooling. Measured values of overall effectiveness show that endwall contouring reduces the effectiveness of impingement alone, but increases the effectiveness of film cooling alone. Given the combined case of both impingement and film cooling, the laterally averaged overall effectiveness is not significantly changed between the flat and the contoured endwalls. Flowfield measurements indicate that the size and location of the passage vortex changes as film cooling is added and as the blowing ratio increases. Because endwall contouring can produce local effects on internal cooling and film cooling performance, the implications for heat transfer should be considered in endwall contour designs. C1 [Mensch, Amy; Thole, Karen A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mensch, Amy] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mensch, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Mensch, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amy.mensch@nist.gov; kthole@psu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Brent Craven, currently with the F.D.A., Mark Zelesky of Pratt & Whitney, Dr. David Bogard of the University of Texas, and Robin Ames of DOE-NETL for their communication and support regarding this research. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2016 VL 138 IS 3 AR 031007 DI 10.1115/1.4031962 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DN5VR UT WOS:000377140000007 ER PT J AU Overland, J AF Overland, James TI IS THE MELTING ARCTIC CHANGING MIDLATITUDE WEATHER? SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION C1 [Overland, James] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Overland, James] Univ Washington, Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, J (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Overland, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NOAA Arctic Research Program of the Climate Program Office; US Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the NOAA Arctic Research Program of the Climate Program Office and by the US Office of Naval Research. I appreciate discussions with Jennifer Francis, Edward Hanna, Richard Hall, Seong-Joong Kim, James Screen, Ted Shepherd, Timo Vihma, and John Walsh. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 2016 VL 69 IS 3 BP 37 EP 43 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DL7YO UT WOS:000375856500012 ER PT J AU He, H Liang, XZ Lei, H Wuebbles, DJ AF He, Hao Liang, Xin-Zhong Lei, Hang Wuebbles, Donald J. TI Future US ozone projections dependence on regional emissions, climate change, long-range transport and differences in modeling design SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Regional climate-air quality modeling; Future US ozone projections; Dynamic lateral boundary conditions; Model discrepancies propagation ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; IMPACTS; TRENDS AB A consistent modeling framework with nested global and regional chemical transport models (CTMs) is used to separate and quantitatively assess the relative contributions to projections of future U.S. ozone pollution from the effects of emissions changes, climate change, long-range transport (LRT) of pollutants, and differences in modeling design. After incorporating dynamic lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) from a global CTM, a regional CTM's representation of present-day U.S. ozone pollution is notably improved, especially relative to results from the regional CTM with fixed LBCs or from the global CTM alone. This nested system of global and regional CTMs projects substantial surface ozone trends for the 2050's: 6 -10 ppb decreases under the 'clean' A1B scenario and similar to 15 ppb increases under the 'dirty' A1Fi scenario. Among the total trends of future ozone, regional emissions changes dominate, contributing negative 25 -60% in A1B and positive 30-45% in A1Fi. Comparatively, climate change contributes positive 10-30%, while LRT effects through changing chemical LBCs account for positive 15-20% in both scenarios, suggesting introducing dynamic LBCs could influence projections of the U.S. future ozone pollution with a magnitude comparable to effects of climate change alone. The contribution to future ozone projections due to differences in modeling design, including model formulations, emissions treatments, and other factors between the global and the nested regional CTMs, is regionally dependent, ranging from negative 20% to positive 25%. It is shown that the model discrepancies for present-day simulations between global and regional CTMs can propagate into future U.S. ozone projections systematically but nonlinearly, especially in California and the Southeast. Therefore in addition to representations of emissions change and climate change, accurate treatment of LBCs for the regional CTM is essential for projecting the future U.S. ozone pollution. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Hao; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [He, Hao; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lei, Hang] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wuebbles, Donald J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xliang@umd.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Awards [RD-83337302, RD-83587601] FX The research was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Awards RD-83337302 and RD-83587601. We acknowledge National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) for the supercomputing support. We thank Dr. Dale Allen and Ms. Jennifer Kennedy for helpful comments. We thank Shenjian Su for assistance in conducting model experiments. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 128 BP 124 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.064 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6EH UT WOS:000375731900012 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Gloor, M Gatti, LV Miller, JB Monks, SA McNorton, J Bloom, AA Basso, LS Chipperfield, MP AF Wilson, Chris Gloor, Manuel Gatti, Luciana V. Miller, John B. Monks, Sarah A. McNorton, Joey Bloom, A. Anthony Basso, Luana S. Chipperfield, Martyn P. TI Contribution of regional sources to atmospheric methane over the Amazon Basin in 2010 and 2011 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; NATURAL WETLANDS; GROWTH-RATE; VARIABILITY; FLUX; DEFORESTATION; GASES AB We present an assessment of methane (CH4) atmospheric concentrations over the Amazon Basin for 2010 and 2011 using a 3-D atmospheric chemical transport model, two wetland emission models, and new observations made during biweekly flights made over four locations within the basin. We attempt to constrain basin-wide CH4 emissions using the observations, and since 2010 was an unusually dry year, we assess the effect of this drought on Amazonian methane emissions. We find that South American emissions contribute up to 150 ppb to concentrations at the sites, mainly originating from within the basin. Our atmospheric model simulations agree reasonably well with measurements at three of the locations (0.28 <= r(2) <= 0.63, mean bias <= 9.5 ppb). Attempts to improve the simulated background CH4 concentration through analysis of simulated and observed sulphur hexafluoride concentrations do not improve the model performance, however. Through minimisation of seasonal biases between the simulated and observed atmospheric concentrations, we scale our prior emission inventories to derive total basin-wide methane emissions of 36.5-41.1 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2010 and 31.6-38.8 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2011. These totals suggest that the Amazon contributes significantly (up to 7%) to global CH4 emissions. Our analysis indicates that factors other than precipitation, such as temperature variations or tree mortality, may have affected microbial emission rates. However, given the uncertainty of our emission estimates, we cannot say definitively whether the noncombustion emissions from the region were different in 2010 and 2011, despite contrasting meteorological conditions between the two years. C1 [Wilson, Chris; McNorton, Joey; Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Wilson, Chris; Monks, Sarah A.; McNorton, Joey; Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Wilson, Chris; Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gatti, Luciana V.; Basso, Luana S.] Comissao Nacl Energia Nucl, Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl, Atmospher Chem Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miller, John B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.; Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Monks, Sarah A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bloom, A. Anthony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.; Wilson, C (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.; Wilson, C (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM c.wilson@leeds.ac.uk RI Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; OI Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Wilson, Chris/0000-0001-8494-0697 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); NERC Consortiumgrants for AMAZONICA [NE/F005806/1]; Amazon hydrological cycle [NE/K01353X/1]; EU 7th Framework GEOCARBON project grant [283080]; CNPq; FAPESP; CIRES; NOAA/ESRL; CAPES; NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program; Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award FX CH4, CO, and SF6 vertical profile observations made as part of the AMAZONICA project will be made available through the World Meteorological Organisation's repository, the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg/) soon after publication of this manuscript. This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). Financial support was from the NERC Consortiumgrants for AMAZONICA (NE/F005806/1) and the Amazon hydrological cycle (NE/K01353X/1), along with the EU 7th Framework GEOCARBON project grant (grant agreement 283080), CNPq and FAPESP. M.G. also acknowledges a bolsa from the Brazilian ciencia sem fronteiras program and a visiting fellowship at CIRES and NOAA/ESRL, and LG support from CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP. J.B.M. thanks the NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) program for support, including that for collection and analysis of NOAA CH4 observations used in this study. MPC is partly funded by a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The TOMCAT simulations were run on the UK National Supercomputing Service ARCHER and University of Leeds ARC2 computing facilities. We thankWuhu Feng (NCAS) for help with the TOMCAT model and Andrew Crotwell (NOAA) for instrument development. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 3 BP 400 EP 420 DI 10.1002/2015GB005300 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DJ8QO UT WOS:000374477400001 ER PT J AU Staymates, JL Staymates, ME Lawrence, J AF Staymates, Jessica L. Staymates, Matthew E. Lawrence, Jeffrey TI The effect of reusing wipes for particle collection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Trace detection; Particle collection; Swiping; Explosives; Narcotics; Ion mobility spectrometry ID INORGANIC EXPLOSIVE RESIDUES; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; SURFACES AB Sample collection for Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) analysis is typically completed by swiping a collection wipe over a suspect surface to collect trace residues. The work presented here addresses the need for a method to measure the collection efficiency performance of surface wipe materials as a function of the number of times a wipe is used to interrogate a surface. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wipe reuse, i.e., the number of times a wipe is swiped across a surface, on the overall particle collection and IMS response. Two types of collection wipes (Teflon coated fiberglass and Nomex) were examined by swiping multiple times, ranging from 0 to 1000, over representative surfaces that are common to security screening environments. Particle collection efficiencies were determined by fluorescence microscopy and particle counting techniques, and were shown to improve dramatically with increased number of swiping cycles. Ion mobility spectrometry was used to evaluate the chemical response of known masses of explosives (deposited after reusing wipes) as a function of the wipe reuse number. Results show that chemical response can be negatively affected, and greatly depends upon the conditions of the surface in which the wipe is interrogating. For most parameters tested, the PCE increased after the wipe was reused several times. Swiping a dusty cardboard surface multiple times also caused an increase in particle collection efficiency but a decrease in IMS response. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed significant surface degradation of the wipes on dusty cardboard at the micrometer spatial scale level for Teflon coated wipes. Additionally, several samples were evaluated by including a seven second thermal desorption cycle at 235 degrees C into each swipe sampling interval in order to represent the IMS heating cycle. Results were similar to studies conducted without this heating cycle, suggesting that the primary mechanism for wipe deterioration is mechanical rather than thermal. C1 [Staymates, Jessica L.; Staymates, Matthew E.; Lawrence, Jeffrey] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, JL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.staymates@nist.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-6163 EI 1865-4584 J9 INT J ION MOBIL SPEC JI Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s12127-015-0185-9 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA DK1NI UT WOS:000374679200005 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Liou, K Vourlidas, A Plunkett, S Dryer, M Wu, ST Socker, D Wood, BE Hutting, L Howard, RA AF Wu, Chin-Chun Liou, Kan Vourlidas, Angelos Plunkett, Simon Dryer, Murray Wu, S. T. Socker, Dennis Wood, Brian E. Hutting, Lynn Howard, Russell A. TI Numerical simulation of multiple CME-driven shocks in the month of 2011 September SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL SIMULATION; SOLAR-WIND; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SUNSPOT NUMBER; FLUX; PROPAGATION AB A global, three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation model has been employed to study the Sun-to-Earth propagation of multiple (12) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated shocks in September 2011. The inputs to the simulation are based on actual solar observations, which include the CME speeds, source locations, and photospheric magnetic fields. The simulation result is fine tuned with in situ solar wind data observations at 1AU by matching the arrival time of CME-driven shocks. During this period three CME-driven interplanetary (IP) shocks induced three sizable geomagnetic storms on 9, 17, and 26 September, with Dst values reaching -69, -70, and -101nT, respectively. These storm events signify the commencement of geomagnetic activity in the solar cycle 24. The CME propagation speed near the Sun (e.g., <30 R-S) has been widely used to estimate the interplanetary CME (ICME)/Shock arrival time at 1AU. Our simulation indicates that the background solar wind speed, as expected, is an important controlling parameter in the propagation of IP shocks and CMEs. Prediction of the ICME/shock arrival time at 1AU can be more problematic for slow (e.g., < 500 km s(-1)) than fast CMEs (> 1000 km s(-1)). This is because the effect of the background solar wind is more pronounced for slow CMEs. Here we demonstrate this difficulty with a slow (400 km s(-1)) CME event that arrived at the Earth in 3days instead of the predicted 4.3days. Our results also demonstrate that a long period (a month in this case) of simulation may be necessary to make meaningful solar source geomagnetic storm associations. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun; Plunkett, Simon; Socker, Dennis; Wood, Brian E.; Hutting, Lynn; Howard, Russell A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liou, Kan; Vourlidas, Angelos] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NASA [S-136361-Y, NNX14AF83G]; Chief of Naval Research; NSF [AGS 1153323] FX We thank the Wind PI team and National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center for management and providing Wind plasma and magnetic field solar wind data (http://cdaweb.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/). The SECCHI data are courtesy of STEREO/NASA and the SECCHI consortium for providing corona images and tool for computing the detail information of CMEs (http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/beacon/). We acknowledge the support of NASA contract S-136361-Y for the STEREO/SECCHI effort. This study is supported partially by Chief of Naval Research (C.C.W., B.E.W., D.S., and S.P.), and NSF grant AGS 1153323 (S.T.W.). A.V., R.A.H., and L.H. were supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to Naval Research Laboratory. K.L. is supported by NASA grant NNX14AF83G to the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Finally, we thank the reviewers for their construction suggestions and comments. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1839 EP 1856 DI 10.1002/2015JA021843 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900002 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Li, X Kanekal, SG Hudson, MK Kress, BT AF Selesnick, R. S. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Li, X. Kanekal, S. G. Hudson, M. K. Kress, B. T. TI Inward diffusion and loss of radiation belt protons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRRES OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY; WAVES AB Radiation belt protons in the kinetic energy range 24 to 76 MeV are being measured by the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope on each of the two Van Allen Probes. Data have been processed for the purpose of studying variability in the trapped proton intensity during October 2013 to August 2015. For the lower energies (less than or similar to 32 MeV), equatorial proton intensity near L = 2 showed a steady increase that is consistent with inward diffusion of trapped solar protons, as shown by positive radial gradients in phase space density at fixed values of the first two adiabatic invariants. It is postulated that these protons were trapped with enhanced efficiency during the 7 March 2012 solar proton event. A model that includes radial diffusion, along with known trapped proton source and loss processes, shows that the observed average rate of increase near L = 2 is predicted by the same model diffusion coefficient that is required to form the entire proton radiation belt, down to low L, over an extended (similar to 10(3) year) interval. A slower intensity decrease for lower energies near L = 1.5 may also be caused by inward diffusion, though it is faster than predicted by the model. Higher-energy (greater than or similar to 40 MeV) protons near the L = 1.5 intensity maximum are from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay. Their observed intensity is lower than expected by a factor similar to 2, but the discrepancy is resolved by adding an unspecified loss process to the model with a mean lifetime similar to 120 years. C1 [Selesnick, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hudson, M. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kress, B. T.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Cooperat Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kress, B. T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado and Dartmouth College by RBSP-ECT through JHU/APL contract under prime NASA [967399, NAS5-01072]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, Dartmouth College, by NASA grant [NNX15AF54G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1455470] FX Van Allen Probes REPT and ephemeris data are available from the ECT Science Operations and Data Center, http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov; EMFISIS data are available from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu. We thank T.P. O'Brien for pointing out the work of Schulz [1975]. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado and Dartmouth College by RBSP-ECT funding through JHU/APL contract 967399 under prime NASA contract NAS5-01072, and, at Dartmouth College, by NASA grant NNX15AF54G and National Science Foundation grant AGS-1455470. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1969 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/2015JA022154 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900011 ER PT J AU Sigsbee, K Kletzing, CA Smith, CW MacDowall, R Spence, H Reeves, G Blake, JB Baker, DN Green, JC Singer, HJ Carr, C Santolik, O AF Sigsbee, K. Kletzing, C. A. Smith, C. W. MacDowall, R. Spence, H. Reeves, G. Blake, J. B. Baker, D. N. Green, J. C. Singer, H. J. Carr, C. Santolik, O. TI Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, GOES, and Cluster observations of EMIC waves, ULF pulsations, and an electron flux dropout SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; 1-2 MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; RING CURRENT; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERIC PLUME; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETOPAUSE AB We examined an electron flux dropout during the 12-14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm using observations from seven spacecraft: the two Van Allen Probes, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)-A (P5), Cluster 2, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 13, 14, and 15. The electron fluxes for energies greater than 2.0 MeV observed by GOES 13, 14, and 15 at geosynchronous orbit and by the Van Allen Probes remained at or near instrumental background levels for more than 24 h from 12 to 14 November. For energies of 0.8 MeV, the GOES satellites observed two shorter intervals of reduced electron fluxes. The first interval of reduced 0.8 MeV electron fluxes on 12-13 November was associated with an interplanetary shock and a sudden impulse. Cluster, THEMIS, and GOES observed intense He+ electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from just inside geosynchronous orbit out to the magnetopause across the dayside to the dusk flank. The second interval of reduced 0.8 MeV electron fluxes on 13-14 November was associated with a solar sector boundary crossing and development of a geomagnetic storm with Dst <- 100nT. At the start of the recovery phase, both the 0.8 and 2.0 MeV electron fluxes finally returned to near prestorm values, possibly in response to strong ultralow frequency (ULF) waves observed by the Van Allen Probes near dawn. A combination of adiabatic effects, losses to the magnetopause, scattering by EMIC waves, and acceleration by ULF waves can explain the observed electron behavior. C1 [Sigsbee, K.; Kletzing, C. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Smith, C. W.; Spence, H.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [MacDowall, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Magnetospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Reeves, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci, NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Blake, J. B.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Green, J. C.] Space Hazards Applicat, Golden, CO USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Carr, C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Santolik, O.] Inst Atmospher Phys AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. [Santolik, O.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Sigsbee, K (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kristine-sigsbee@uiowa.edu RI Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Sigsbee, Kristine/0000-0001-8727-380X; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU JHU/APL under NASA prime contract [921647, 967399, NAS5-01072]; Czech Academy of Sciences through the Praemium Academiae award; NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; [LH14010] FX This work was performed under JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASA prime contract NAS5-01072. We acknowledge William Kurth for providing density calculations from the EMFISIS data. RBSP-ECT funding was provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA prime contract NAS5-01072. O. Santolik acknowledges funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences through the Praemium Academiae award and from the LH14010 grant. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission. Specifically, K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann provided THEMIS FGM data under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. Data from the Van Allen Probes can be obtained through the Van Allen Probes Science Gateway (http://rbspgway.jhuapl.edu/). GOES data are available from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, and the Preliminary Reports and Forecasts of Solar Geophysical Data are available from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. THEMIS data are publicly available through the University of California Berkeley (http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu). Cluster data are available from the Cluster Science Archive. Solar wind data and geomagnetic indexes are available online from NASA OMNIWeb. Wind and ACE data are available online through CDAWeb. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1990 EP 2008 DI 10.1002/2014JA020877 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900013 ER PT J AU Negrea, C Zabotin, NA AF Negrea, Catalin Zabotin, Nikolay A. TI Mean spectral characteristics of acoustic gravity waves in the thermosphere-ionosphere determined from Dynasonde data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermospheric gravity waves; Dynasonde; traveling ionospheric disturbance; spectral analysis ID ATMOSPHERE RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LOMB-SCARGLE PERIODOGRAM; UNEVENLY SAMPLED-DATA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA; DATA-ACQUISITION; NEUTRAL WINDS; MIDDLE AB Wave-like disturbances have been observed in the ionospheric plasma for several decades using a wide range of remote sensing techniques. In this paper, the use of Dynasonde-derived ionospheric tilt measurements is demonstrated to determine the dominant features of the underlying acoustic gravity wave spectrum and its height variation. The diurnal ionospheric variability introduces data gaps of varying length and distribution at any constant height level. This excludes the use of conventional fast Fourier transform techniques for spectral calculations. To obtain a complete and accurate image of the height variability of the wave activity in the thermosphere-ionosphere, a method is required that would provide physically comparable results at all altitudes, regardless of the variations in sampling. In addition, the true geophysical variability should be distinguished from overlapping noise. The proposed solution is a combination of the well-known Lomb-Scargle and Welch methods, with the dataset of interest being divided into several overlapping subintervals and the mean spectrum calculated using results for those subintervals for which the power spectral density integral equals the time domain variance within a preset tolerance. The choice of the tolerance value is justified by means of numerical simulations using synthetic data similar to the tilt measurements. The proposed method is verified using a 10day long dataset obtained with the Wallops Island Dynasonde. Results obtained with this method are compared in this paper with those obtained with a basic implementation and with a filtering method based on the amount of available data. A considerable reduction in the number of artifacts is observed with the use of this innovative approach, allowing reliable conclusions to be derived regarding the acoustic gravity wave spectrum and its height variability. C1 [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Negrea, Catalin] Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. RP Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. EM Catalin.negrea@noaa.gov RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015; Negrea, Catalin/A-4321-2017 OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082; FU Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program [N000141310348]; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [313038]; Romanian Ministry of National Education, CNCSUEFISCDI [PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program, award N000141310348, and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 313038 (STORM), and a grant of the Romanian Ministry of National Education, CNCSUEFISCDI, project PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418. Authors are grateful to Dr. T.W. Bullett for his effort on supporting the Wallops Dynasonde system. Field support of Wallops Dynasonde operation has been provided, in part, by the staff of the NASA's Wallops Flight Facility. The Dynasonde data are accessible through the project's website (http://surf.colorado.edu) upon request to the author (N.Z.) as well as through NGDC's MIRRION server (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/WI937/). This work utilized the University of Colorado Boulder research computing facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 51 IS 3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1002/2015RS005823 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA DJ8SQ UT WOS:000374483700010 ER PT J AU Legault, CM Palmer, MC AF Legault, Christopher M. Palmer, Michael C. TI In what direction should the fishing mortality target change when natural mortality increases within an assessment? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE-YIELD; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; AT-AGE MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC COD; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN GULF AB Traditionally, the natural mortality rate (M) in a stock assessment is assumed to be constant. When M increases within an assessment, the question arises how to change the fishing mortality rate target (F-Target). Per recruit considerations lead to an increase in F-Target, while limiting total mortality leads to a decrease in F-Target. Application of either approach can result in nonsensical results. Short-term gains in yield associated with high F-Target values should be considered in light of potential losses in future yield if the high total mortality rate leads to a decrease in recruitment. Examples using yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are used to demonstrate that F-Target can change when M increases within an assessment and to illustrate the consequences of different F-Target values. When a change in M within an assessment is contemplated, first consider the amount and strength of empirical evidence to support the change. When the empirical evidence is not strong, we recommend using a constant M. If strong empirical evidence exists, we recommend estimating F-Target for a range of stock-recruitment relationships and evaluating the trade-offs between risk of overfishing and forgone yield. C1 [Legault, Christopher M.; Palmer, Michael C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Legault, CM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chris.legault@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0232 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1WM UT WOS:000375423600003 ER PT J AU Brodnik, RM Fraker, ME Anderson, EJ Carreon-Martinez, L DeVanna, KM Heath, DD Reichert, JM Roseman, EF Ludsin, SA AF Brodnik, Reed M. Fraker, Michael E. Anderson, Eric J. Carreon-Martinez, Lucia DeVanna, Kristen M. Heath, Daniel D. Reichert, Julie M. Roseman, Edward F. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Larval dispersal underlies demographically important intersystem connectivity in a Great Lakes yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; WALLEYE SANDER-VITREUS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; MARINE FISH; ERIE; RECRUITMENT; MODELS; MECHANISMS; SALMON AB Ability to quantify connectivity among spawning subpopulations and their relative contribution of recruits to the broader population is a critical fisheries management need. By combining microsatellite and age information from larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected in the Lake St. Clair - Detroit River system (SC-DRS) and western Lake Erie with a hydrodynamic backtracking approach, we quantified subpopulation structure, connectivity, and contributions of recruits to the juvenile stage in western Lake Erie during 2006-2007. After finding weak (yet stable) genetic structure between the SC-DRS and two western Lake Erie subpopulations, microsatellites also revealed measurable recruitment of SC-DRS larvae to the juvenile stage in western Lake Erie (17%-21% during 2006-2007). Consideration of precollection larval dispersal trajectories, using hydrodynamic backtracking, increased estimated contributions to 65% in 2006 and 57% in 2007. Our findings highlight the value of complementing subpopulation discrimination methods with hydrodynamic predictions of larval dispersal by revealing the SC-DRS as a source of recruits to western Lake Erie and also showing that connectivity through larval dispersal can affect the structure and dynamics of large lake fish populations. C1 [Brodnik, Reed M.; Fraker, Michael E.; DeVanna, Kristen M.; Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Carreon-Martinez, Lucia] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Biol, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Heath, Daniel D.; Reichert, Julie M.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Roseman, Edward F.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ludsin, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM ludsin.1@osu.edu RI Carreon Martinez, Lucia/B-9214-2017 FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (Fish Management in Ohio) [F-69-P]; Ohio State University's Chapter of Sigma Xi; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology; College of Arts and Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fisheries Research Program FX This work was funded by multiple sources and supported by multiple partners, including the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Wildlife (ODNR-DOW). Monetary support for genetic analyses and processing of Detroit River fish was provided by The Ohio State University's Chapter of Sigma Xi (to RMB), Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology (to SAL), and College of Arts and Sciences (to RMB), as well as the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to DDH). Monetary support for collections of yellow perch larvae and juveniles was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fisheries Research Program (to SAL and DDH), with in-kind support provided by the ODNR-DOW, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, and the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. We also thank W. Stott and the anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. This is GLERL contribution 1776 and contribution No. 1964 of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 3 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0161 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL1WM UT WOS:000375423600009 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Moss, R Parris, A AF Kunkel, Kenneth E. Moss, Richard Parris, Adam TI Innovations in science and scenarios for assessment SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS AB Scenarios for the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3) were produced for physical climate and sea level rise with substantial input from disciplinary and regional experts. These scenarios underwent extensive review and were published as NOAA Technical Reports. For land use/cover and socioeconomic conditions, scenarios already developed by other agencies were specified for use in the NCA3. Efforts to enhance participatory scenario planning as an assessment activity were pursued, but with limited success. Issues and challenges included the timing of availability of scenarios, the need for guidance in use of scenarios, the need for approaches to nest information within multiple scales and sectors, engagement and collaboration of end users in scenario development, and development of integrated scenarios. Future assessments would benefit from an earlier start to scenarios development, the provision of training in addition to guidance documents, new and flexible approaches for nesting information, ongoing engagement and advice from both scientific and end user communities, and the development of consistent and integrated scenarios. C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Moss, Richard] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parris, Adam] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA.; Kunkel, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ken.kunkel@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA14NES432003]; NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observations and Monitoring Program; DOE Office of Science; NASA FX This work was partially supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003 and by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observations and Monitoring Program. The DOE Office of Science supports basic research on scenarios and supported several workshops that reviewed the state of science in scenarios and related areas of modeling. Robert Vallario provided very helpful insights on these and related aspects of the NCA3 scenarios development process. NASA provided support for the NCA scenario development process. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1494-z PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LG UT WOS:000375465700005 ER PT J AU Waple, AM Champion, SM Kunkel, KE Tilmes, C AF Waple, Anne M. Champion, Sarah M. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Tilmes, Curt TI Innovations in information management and access for assessments SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CHANGE INFORMATION; PROVENANCE AB The third National Climate Assessment (NCA3) included goals for becoming a more timely, inclusive, rigorous, and sustained process, and for serving a wider variety of decision makers. In order to accomplish these goals, it was necessary to deliberately design an information management strategy that could serve multiple stakeholders and manage different types of information - from highly mature government-supported climate science data, to isolated practitioner-generated case study information - and to do so in ways that are consistent and appropriate for a highly influential assessment. Meeting the information management challenge for NCA3 meant balancing relevance and authority, complexity and accessibility, inclusivity and rigor. Increasing traceability of data behind figures and graphics, designing a public-facing website, managing hundreds of technical inputs to the NCA, and producing guidance for over 300 participants on meeting the Information Quality Act were all aspects of a deliberate, multi-faceted, and strategic information management approach that nonetheless attempted to be practical and usable for a variety of participants and stakeholders. C1 [Waple, Anne M.] Second Nat, Boston, MA USA. [Champion, Sarah M.; Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Waple, AM (reprint author), Second Nat, Boston, MA USA. EM awaple@secondnature.org RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA through Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX This work was partially supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1588-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LG UT WOS:000375465700006 ER PT J AU Maldonado, J Bennett, TMB Chief, K Cochran, P Cozzetto, K Gough, B Redsteer, MH Lynn, K Maynard, N Voggesser, G AF Maldonado, Julie Bennett, T. M. Bull Chief, Karletta Cochran, Patricia Cozzetto, Karen Gough, Bob Redsteer, Margaret Hiza Lynn, Kathy Maynard, Nancy Voggesser, Garrit TI Engagement with indigenous peoples and honoring traditional knowledge systems SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The organizers of the 2014 US National Climate Assessment (NCA) made a concerted effort to reach out to and collaborate with Indigenous peoples, resulting in the most comprehensive information to date on climate change impacts to Indigenous peoples in a US national assessment. Yet, there is still much room for improvement in assessment processes to ensure adequate recognition of Indigenous perspectives and Indigenous knowledge systems. This article discusses the process used in creating the Indigenous Peoples, Land, and Resources NCA chapter by a team comprised of tribal members, agencies, academics, and non-governmental organizations, who worked together to solicit, collect, and synthesize traditional knowledges and data from a diverse array of Indigenous communities across the US. It also discusses the synergy and discord between traditional knowledge systems and science and the emergence of cross-cutting issues and vulnerabilities for Indigenous peoples. The challenges of coalescing information about climate change and its impacts on Indigenous communities are outlined along with recommendations on the types of information to include in future assessment outputs. We recommend that future assessments - not only NCA, but other relevant local, regional, national, and international efforts aimed at the translation of climate information and assessments into meaningful actions - should support integration of Indigenous perspectives in a sustained way that builds respectful relationships and effectively engages Indigenous communities. Given the large number of tribes in the US and the current challenges and unique vulnerabilities of Indigenous communities, a special report focusing solely on climate change and Indigenous peoples is warranted. "Climate change. remind[s] us that, as my Lakota relatives say, 'We are all related.' That might be the wisdom we need most whether scientist or non-scientist - Indigenous or non-Indigenous." - Dr. Daniel Wildcat, Haskell Indian Nations University(1) C1 [Maldonado, Julie] Livelihoods Knowledge Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Bennett, T. M. Bull] Kiksapa Consulting LLC, Mandan, ND USA. [Chief, Karletta] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Cochran, Patricia] Alaska Nat Sci Commiss, Anchorage, AK USA. [Cozzetto, Karen] Inst Tribal Environm Profess, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Gough, Bob] Intertribal Council Util Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Redsteer, Margaret Hiza] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Lynn, Kathy] Pacific Northwest Tribal Climate Change Network, Eugene, OR USA. [Maynard, Nancy] NOAA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Voggesser, Garrit] Natl Wildlife Federat, Denver, CO USA. RP Maldonado, J (reprint author), Livelihoods Knowledge Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM jkmaldo@gmail.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 1 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1535-7 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LG UT WOS:000375465700009 ER PT J AU Moser, SC Davidson, MA AF Moser, Susanne C. Davidson, Margaret A. TI The third national climate assessment's coastal chapter: the making of an integrated assessment SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID VULNERABILITY AB Coastal areas are on the front lines of the impacts of climate change. The immediate impacts of temperature, precipitation and sea-level change affect rich but already threatened ecological systems and the most populated, highly developed, and economically vibrant regions of human activity on the planet. The specific vulnerabilities, impacts and adaptation options and activities vary greatly across the coastal areas of the US. The charge given to the coastal chapter team of the third US National Climate Assessment (NCA3, released in May 2014) was to discern the key vulnerabilities and most important cross-cutting concerns across the extensive coastline of the US. This paper is a reflection on what the coastal chapter team accomplished and how it was done (including author selection, staff support, technical inputs, the chapter development process, within-and cross-chapter integration, the review process, the delivery and high-impact release, the timeline of key assessment steps, and evaluation of the chapter development process). It concludes with eight lessons that might inform the activities of future collaborative author teams writing transdisciplinary, integrated assessment reports. C1 [Moser, Susanne C.] Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Moser, Susanne C.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Davidson, Margaret A.] NOAA, Coastal Inundat & Resilience, Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP Moser, SC (reprint author), Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA USA.; Moser, SC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM promundi@susannemoser.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2016 VL 135 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1512-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL2LG UT WOS:000375465700010 ER PT J AU Beever, EA O'Leary, J Mengelt, C West, JM Julius, S Green, N Magness, D Petes, L Stein, B Nicotra, AB Hellmann, JJ Robertson, AL Staudinger, MD Rosenberg, AA Babij, E Brennan, J Schuurman, GW Hofmann, GE AF Beever, Erik A. O'Leary, John Mengelt, Claudia West, Jordan M. Julius, Susan Green, Nancy Magness, Dawn Petes, Laura Stein, Bruce Nicotra, Adrienne B. Hellmann, Jessica J. Robertson, Amanda L. Staudinger, Michelle D. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Babij, Eleanora Brennan, Jean Schuurman, Gregor W. Hofmann, Gretchen E. TI Improving Conservation Outcomes with a New Paradigm for Understanding Species' Fundamental and Realized Adaptive Capacity SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Climate adaptation; climate change; conservation management; fundamental adaptive capacity; policy-relevant research questions; realized adaptive capacity; vulnerability assessment ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CHANGING CLIMATE; EVOLUTIONARY; ADAPTATION; RESPONSES; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATION; MODELS; FUTURE AB Worldwide, many species are responding to ongoing climate change with shifts in distribution, abundance, phenology, or behavior. Consequently, natural-resource managers face increasingly urgent conservation questions related to biodiversity loss, expansion of invasive species, and deteriorating ecosystem services. We argue that our ability to address these questions is hampered by the lack of explicit consideration of species' adaptive capacity (AC). AC is the ability of a species or population to cope with climatic changes and is characterized by three fundamental components: phenotypic plasticity, dispersal ability, and genetic diversity. However, few studies simultaneously address all elements; often, AC is confused with sensitivity or omitted altogether from climate-change vulnerability assessments. Improved understanding, consistent definition, and comprehensive evaluations of AC are needed. Using classic ecological-niche theory as an analogy, we propose a new paradigm that considers fundamental and realized AC: the former reflects aspects inherent to species, whereas the latter denotes how extrinsic factors constrain AC to what is actually expressed or observed. Through this conceptualization, we identify ecological attributes contributing to AC, outline areas of research necessary to advance understanding of AC, and provide examples demonstrating how the inclusion of AC can better inform conservation and natural-resource management. C1 [Beever, Erik A.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Beever, Erik A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [O'Leary, John] Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, 100 Hartwell St, West Boylston, MA 01583 USA. [Mengelt, Claudia] CNR, 500 Fifth St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [West, Jordan M.; Julius, Susan] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave 8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Green, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Magness, Dawn] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenai Natl Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. [Petes, Laura] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stein, Bruce] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Nicotra, Adrienne B.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hellmann, Jessica J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sci Applicat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Robertson, Amanda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.] Northeast Climate Sci Ctr, Dept Interior, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Staudinger, Michelle D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Ctr Sci & Democracy, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Babij, Eleanora] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Program, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Brennan, Jean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Appalachian Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Schuurman, Gregor W.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Hofmann, Gretchen E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM EBeever@usgs.gov RI Nicotra, Adrienne/C-1361-2009; OI Staudinger, Michelle/0000-0002-4535-2005 FU Great Basin LCC; U.S. Geological Survey; National Wildlife Federation FX We are grateful for critical comments on earlier drafts by F.S. Chapin III, H. Coleman, M.W. Schwartz, and N.L. Stephenson. Research in Box 1 on pikas was supported by the Great Basin LCC, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Wildlife Federation. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of any of the authors' institutions or agencies. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1111/conl.12190 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DK2XV UT WOS:000374778600007 ER PT J AU Diefenderfer, HL Johnson, GE Thom, RM Buenau, KE Weitkamp, LA Woodley, CM Borde, AB Kropp, RK AF Diefenderfer, Heida L. Johnson, Gary E. Thom, Ronald M. Buenau, Kate E. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Woodley, Christa M. Borde, Amy B. Kropp, Roy K. TI Evidence-based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE causal criteria; critical thinking; cumulative effects; evidence-based medicine; fisheries; floodplain food web; habitat connectivity; hydropower mitigation; large-scale ecosystem restoration; salmon recovery; sustainability science; systematic review; tidal wetlands ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; RESTORED ESTUARINE WETLAND; DIEL FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; FOOD WEBS; SEASONAL FLOODPLAIN; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; GASTRIC EVACUATION AB This study adapts and applies the evidence-based approach for causal inference, a medical standard, to the restoration and sustainable management of large-scale aquatic ecosystems. Despite long-term investments in restoring aquatic ecosystems, it has proven difficult to adequately synthesize and evaluate program outcomes, and no standard method has been adopted. Complex linkages between restorative actions and ecosystem responses at a landscape scale make evaluations problematic and most programs focus on monitoring and analysis. Herein, we demonstrate a new transdisciplinary approach integrating techniques from evidence-based medicine, critical thinking, and cumulative effects assessment. Tiered hypotheses about the effects of landscape-scale restorative actions are identified using an ecosystem conceptual model. The systematic literature review, a health sciences standard since the 1960s, becomes just one of seven lines of evidence assessed collectively, using critical thinking strategies, causal criteria, and cumulative effects categories. As a demonstration, we analyzed data from 166 locations on the Columbia River and estuary representing 12 indicators of habitat and fish response to floodplain restoration actions intended to benefit culturally and economically important, threatened and endangered salmon. Synthesis of the lines of evidence demonstrated that hydrologic reconnection promoted macrodetritis export, prey availability, and juvenile fish access and feeding. Upon evaluation, the evidence was sufficient to infer cross-boundary, indirect, compounding, and delayed cumulative effects, and suggestive of nonlinear, landscape-scale, and spatial density effects. Therefore, on the basis of causal inferences regarding food-web functions, we concluded that the restoration program is having a cumulative beneficial effect on juvenile salmon. The lines of evidence developed are transferable to other ecosystems: modeling of cumulative net ecosystem improvement, physical modeling of ecosystem controlling factors, meta-analysis of restoration action effectiveness, analysis of data on target species, research on critical ecological uncertainties, evidence-based review of the literature, and change analysis on the landscape setting. As with medicine, the science of ecological restoration needs scientific approaches to management decisions, particularly because the consequences affect species extinctions and the availability of ecosystem services. This evidence-based approach will enable restoration in complex coastal, riverine, and tidal-fluvial ecosystems like the lower Columbia River to be evaluated when data have accumulated without sufficient synthesis. C1 [Diefenderfer, Heida L.; Johnson, Gary E.; Thom, Ronald M.; Buenau, Kate E.; Woodley, Christa M.; Borde, Amy B.; Kropp, Roy K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Woodley, Christa M.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Diefenderfer, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM heida.diefenderfer@pnnl.gov OI Buenau, Kate/0000-0003-2156-7260 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; NOAA Fisheries; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District FX We appreciate the financial support of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. We are grateful to biologists B Ebberts, C Studebaker, and C Roegner for their leadership. Data collection by L Weitkamp was funded by the NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center and collection by C Woodley was funded by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District and Walla Walla District. We thank A Cameron, A Coleman, V Cullinan, E Dawley, B Ebberts, M Hudson, J Johnson, L Johnson, K MacNeale, K Marcoe, R McNatt, D Putman, M Russell, N Sather, J Skalski, K Sobocinski, and A Uber for their contributions and others for help in the field and laboratory. HLD thanks B. Brehm, D. Qualley, and P. Steinberger for guidance on critical reasoning and judgment. NR 136 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 22 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01242 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1242 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800014 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR LaCasella, EL Roden, SE Jensen, MP Stokes, LW Epperly, SP Dutton, PH AF Stewart, Kelly R. LaCasella, Erin L. Roden, Suzanne E. Jensen, Michael P. Stokes, Lesley W. Epperly, Sheryan P. Dutton, Peter H. TI Nesting population origins of leatherback turtles caught as bycatch in the US pelagic longline fishery SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE assignment; bycatch; Dermochelys coriacea; fisheries; genetics; incidental; many-to-many; microsatellites; source population; statistical area; transboundary; western North Atlantic ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEABIRD BYCATCH; GLOBAL PATTERNS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; COSTA-RICA AB Fisheries that operate at large spatial scales and with high intensity have the potential to impact highly migratory species, and it is important to characterize threats to specific breeding populations of these species. We used many-to-many mixed-stock analysis (MSA) (n=408) and microsatellite assignment testing (n=397) to determine source populations for leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) caught as bycatch in the U.S. pelagic longline fishery from 2002 to 2012 in the western North Atlantic. Within the United States, we had bycatch samples from the majority of statistical fishing areas: Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Northeast Distant (NED), Caribbean (CAR), Florida East Coast (FEC), Mid Atlantic Bight (MAB), Northeast Coastal (NEC), South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and Sargasso (SAR). We determined the proportions of turtles from each of nine nesting stocks in the Atlantic in each of the sampled areas. These nesting stocks included Brazil, Costa Rica, Florida, Trinidad, French Guiana, St. Croix, Ghana, Gabon, and South Africa. The MSA revealed that the NED had a lower relative proportion of turtles from Costa Rica than other areas and that the GOM had the highest relative proportion of turtles from Costa Rica. No turtles were assigned to the African rookeries, lending further evidence that turtles from that region forage elsewhere and therefore may not be affected by western North Atlantic fisheries. This work contributes to the ongoing assessment of threats to leatherback turtles in the Regional Management Unit (RMU) of the western North Atlantic, and draws attention to the disproportionate number of turtles from Costa Rica being caught in the Gulf of Mexico; Costa Rica is one of the only populations in the northern Atlantic that is not experiencing significant increases in nest numbers. This approach should be useful in determining population-specific threats to other highly migratory protected species that may depend on segregated foraging areas either within or among species. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.] Ocean Fdn, 1320 19th St NW,5th Floor,Sunderland Bldg, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.; LaCasella, Erin L.; Roden, Suzanne E.; Jensen, Michael P.; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stokes, Lesley W.; Epperly, Sheryan P.] NOAA, Protected Resources & Biodivers Div, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Ocean Fdn, 1320 19th St NW,5th Floor,Sunderland Bldg, Washington, DC 20036 USA.; Stewart, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kelly.Stewart@noaa.gov FU Lenfest Ocean Program Grant FX Samples were collected under ESA Section 10(a) (1)(A) permits issued by NMFS to the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (#1260, #1324, #1429, #1552 and #15552). Samples from the high seas were imported under the authority of the USFWS CITES Permit #US045532/9. For sample collection, we thank Ken Keene, Dennis Lee, Larry Beerkircher, John Carlson, and Pelagic Observer Program fishery observers. At the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, we thank Gabriela Serra-Valente, Amy Lanci, and Amy Frey for processing samples and Robin LeRoux, Amanda Bowman, and Vicki Pease for technical and logistical assistance. Thanks to Dan Evans (Sea Turtle Conservancy) for the information and discussions on Costa Rica/Panama turtle satellite tracks. Helpful reviews of the original draft were provided by Robin LeRoux, Amy Frey, Alex Chester, and Jim Bohnsack. Funding support for this project and for KRS was provided by a Lenfest Ocean Program Grant. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Lenfest Ocean Program or The Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 AR e01272 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1272 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DK4OB UT WOS:000374896800030 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, M Anttila-Hughes, JK AF Oppenheimer, Michael Anttila-Hughes, Jesse K. TI The Science of Climate Change SO FUTURE OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID WEATHER; LIFE AB Michael Oppenheimer and Jesse Anttila-Hughes begin with a primer on how the greenhouse effect works, how we know that Earth is rapidly getting warmer, and how we know that the recent warming is caused by human activity. They explain the sources of scientific knowledge about climate change as well as the basis for the models scientists use to predict how the climate will behave in the future. Although they acknowledge the large degree of uncertainty that surrounds predictions of what will happen decades or even centuries in the future, they also emphasize the near certainty that climate change has the potential to be extremely harmful to children. Most children around the world will face hotter, more extreme temperatures more frequently. Higher temperatures will directly affect children's health by increasing the rates of heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and heat-related mortality. Excessive heat is also likely to affect children indirectly by disrupting agricultural systems, driving up prices, and increasing food scarcity. Many of the world's children may see local demand for water outstrip supply, as shifting precipitation patterns dry out some regions of the world, make other regions wetter, and increase the frequency of both unusually dry periods and unusually severe rains. Mountain glaciers will recede further, significantly reducing storage of winter snows and thus springtime runoff, which has traditionally been used to water fields and recharge reservoirs. Melting ice will also raise sea levels, triggering direct physical threats to children through flooding and erosion and indirect threats through migration and expensive adaptation. Climate change is also expected to make weather-based disasters more frequent and more damaging. This is particularly worrisome for children, not only because of the physical peril disasters pose but also because disasters can have debilitating long-term indirect effects on children. Damage to ecosystems from climate change may also harm children; for example, acidification the world's oceans will reduce food supplies, and disease-carrying insects will invade new areas in response to changing rains and temperatures. In the face of such dire forecasts, Oppenheimer and Ant-Lila-Hughes argue, climate change forces us to directly confront the value we put on future children's wellbeing. Fortunately, we have reason for hope as well as for concern: "History," they write, "has demonstrated time and again that humans can tackle uncertain threats in times of need." C1 [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Geosci & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Woodrow Wilson Sch, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Environm Inst, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oppenheimer, Michael; Anttila-Hughes, Jesse K.] Univ San Francisco, Dept Econ, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Oppenheimer, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Geosci & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Oppenheimer, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Oppenheimer, M (reprint author), Woodrow Wilson Sch, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Oppenheimer, M (reprint author), Princeton Environm Inst, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 30 PU PRINCETON UNIV PI PRINCETON PA 277 WALLACE HALL, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA SN 1054-8289 EI 1550-1558 J9 FUTURE CHILD JI Future Child. PD SPR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 11 EP 30 PG 20 WC Family Studies; Health Policy & Services; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Family Studies; Health Care Sciences & Services; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DL1BL UT WOS:000375366800002 ER PT J AU Carey, S Olsen, R Bell, KLC Ballard, R Dondin, F Roman, C Smart, C Lilley, M Lupton, J Seibel, B Cornell, W Moyer, C AF Carey, Steven Olsen, Rene Bell, Katherine L. C. Ballard, Robert Dondin, Frederic Roman, Chris Smart, Clara Lilley, Marvin Lupton, John Seibel, Brad Cornell, Winton Moyer, Craig TI Hydrothermal venting and mineralization in the crater of Kick'em Jenny submarine volcano, Grenada (Lesser Antilles) SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal venting; submarine volcano; Kick'em Jenny ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; ISLAND-ARC; SEA-FLOOR; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; PHASE-SEPARATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGMA GENESIS; MUD VOLCANOS; U-SERIES; SYSTEMS AB Kick'em Jenny is a frequently erupting, shallow submarine volcano located 7.5 km off the northern coast of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone. Focused and diffuse hydrothermal venting is taking place mainly within a small (approximate to 70 x 110 m) depression within the 300 m diameter crater of the volcano at depths of about 265 m. Much of the crater is blanketed with a layer of fine-grained tephra that has undergone hydrothermal alteration. Clear fluids and gas are being discharged near the center of the depression from mound-like vents at a maximum temperature of 180 degrees C. The gas consists of 93-96% CO2 with trace amounts of methane and hydrogen. Gas flux measurements of individual bubble streams range from 10 to 100 kg of CO2 per day. Diffuse venting with temperatures 5-35 degrees C above ambient occurs throughout the depression and over large areas of the main crater. These zones are colonized by reddish-yellow bacteria with the production of Fe-oxyhydroxides as surface coatings, fragile spires up to several meters in height, and elongated mounds up to tens of centimeters thick. A high-resolution photomosaic of the inner crater depression shows fluid flow patterns descending the sides of the depression toward the crater floor. We suggest that the negatively buoyant fluid flow is the result of phase separation of hydrothermal fluids at Kick'em Jenny generating a dense saline component that does not rise despite its elevated temperature. C1 [Carey, Steven; Olsen, Rene; Ballard, Robert; Roman, Chris] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Bell, Katherine L. C.] Ocean Explorat Trust, Mystic, CT USA. [Dondin, Frederic] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Smart, Clara] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lupton, John] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Seibel, Brad] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Cornell, Winton] Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. [Moyer, Craig] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Carey, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM scarey@uri.edu FU Ocean Exploration Trust (OET); National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Geographic Society FX We thank the captain, crew, and expedition team of E/V Nautilus for their excellent work during cruises NA039 and NA054. The Ocean Exploration Trust (OET), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Geographic Society provided support for the cruises. The Seismic Research Centre of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad contributed invaluable assistance during the cruises and the Government of Grenada is gratefully acknowledged for permission to operate in their territorial waters. Ian Vaughn kindly provided images of bubble streams from KeJ crater derived from shipboard multibeam data. Scott Wankel and Ana Michel (both at WHOI) are thanked for sharing fluid samples collected during cruise NA054 that were used for density measurement. Art Spivack provided insightful discussions about phase separation processes in hydrothermal systems. Rich Bell is thanked for his help in collating the oxygen sensor data. Four reviewers provided useful comments that led to improvements in the manuscript. All numerical data are shown in figures or presented within tables in the text or as supporting information. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1019 DI 10.1002/2015GC006060 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK7ZA UT WOS:000375144700021 ER PT J AU Free, M Sun, BM Yoo, HL AF Free, Melissa Sun, Bomin Yoo, Hye Lim TI Comparison between Total Cloud Cover in Four Reanalysis Products and Cloud Measured by Visual Observations at US Weather Stations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ERA-INTERIM; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; MERRA AB A homogeneity-adjusted dataset of total cloud cover from weather stations in the contiguous United States is compared with cloud cover in four state-of-the-art global reanalysis products: the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis from NCEP, the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications from NASA, ERA-Interim from ECMWF, and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Project from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The reanalysis products examined in this study generally show much lower cloud amount than visual weather station data, and this underestimation appears to be generally consistent with their overestimation of downward surface shortwave fluxes when compared with surface radiation data from the Surface Radiation Network. Nevertheless, the reanalysis products largely succeed in simulating the main aspects of interannual variability of cloudiness for large-scale means, as measured by correlations of 0.81-0.90 for U.S. mean time series. Trends in the reanalysis datasets for the U.S. mean for 1979-2009, ranging from 20.38% to 21.8% decade 21, are in the same direction as the trend in surface data (20.50% decade 21), but further effort is needed to understand the discrepancies in their magnitudes. C1 [Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Bomin] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Yoo, Hye Lim] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM melissa.p.free@gmail.com RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office. We thank the re-analysis teams for access to the cloud cover time series and Junye Chen and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the paper. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2015 EP 2021 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0637.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6YS UT WOS:000375786600003 ER PT J AU Morrison, AK Griffies, SM Winton, M Anderson, WG Sarmiento, JL AF Morrison, Adele K. Griffies, Stephen M. Winton, Michael Anderson, Whit G. Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Mechanisms of Southern Ocean Heat Uptake and Transport in a Global Eddying Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE EDDIES; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSIVITY; CIRCULATION AB The Southern Ocean plays a dominant role in anthropogenic oceanic heat uptake. Strong northward transport of the heat content anomaly limits warming of the sea surface temperature in the uptake region and allows the heat uptake to be sustained. Using an eddy-rich global climate model, the processes controlling the northward transport and convergence of the heat anomaly in the midlatitude Southern Ocean are investigated in an idealized 1% yr(-1) increasing CO2 simulation. Heat budget analyses reveal that different processes dominate to the north and south of the main convergence region. The heat transport northward from the uptake region in the south is driven primarily by passive advection of the heat content anomaly by the existing time mean circulation, with a smaller 20% contribution from enhanced upwelling. The heat anomaly converges in the midlatitude deep mixed layers because there is not a corresponding increase in the mean heat transport out of the deep mixed layers northward into the mode waters. To the north of the deep mixed layers, eddy processes drive the warming and account for nearly 80% of the northward heat transport anomaly. The eddy transport mechanism results from a reduction in both the diffusive and advective southward eddy heat transports, driven by decreasing isopycnal slopes and decreasing along-isopycnal temperature gradients on the northern edge of the peak warming. C1 [Morrison, Adele K.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Winton, Michael; Anderson, Whit G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Morrison, AK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM adelem@princeton.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0012457]; NSF's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project [PLR-1425989] FX We thank Carolina Dufour and Ivy Frenger for conversations that helped clarify ideas and analyses, as well as three anonymous reviewers for helpful and encouraging comments. AKM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-SC0012457. JLS acknowledges NSF's Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project under Award PLR-1425989. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2059 EP 2075 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0579.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL6YS UT WOS:000375786600006 ER PT J AU Case, NA MacDonald, EA Viereck, R AF Case, N. A. MacDonald, E. A. Viereck, R. TI Using citizen science reports to define the equatorial extent of auroral visibility SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aurora; visibility; citizen science ID STATISTICAL-MODEL; ENERGY FLUX; PRECIPITATION AB An aurora may often be viewed hundreds of kilometers equatorward of the auroral oval owing to its altitude. As such, the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) Aurora Forecast product provides a view line to demonstrate the equatorial extent of auroral visibility, assuming that it is sufficiently bright and high in altitude. The view line in the SWPC product is based upon the latitude of the brightest aurora, for each hemisphere, as specified by the real-time oval variation, assessment, tracking, intensity, and online nowcasting (OVATION) Prime (2010) aurora precipitation model. In this study, we utilize nearly 500 citizen science auroral reports to compare with the view line provided by an updated SWPC aurora forecast product using auroral precipitation data from OVATION Prime (2013). The citizen science observations were recorded during March and April 2015 using the Aurorasaurus platform and cover one large geomagnetic storm and several smaller events. We find that this updated SWPC view line is conservative in its estimate and that the aurora is often viewable further equatorward than is indicated by the forecast. By using the citizen reports to modify the scaling parameters used to link the OVATION Prime (2013) model to the view line, we produce a new view line estimate that more accurately represents the equatorial extent of visible aurora. An OVATION Prime (2013) energy flux-based equatorial boundary view line is also developed and is found to provide the best overall agreement with the citizen science reports, with an accuracy of 91%. C1 [Case, N. A.; MacDonald, E. A.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Case, N. A.; MacDonald, E. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Case, N. A.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Viereck, R.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Case, NA (reprint author), New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA.; Case, NA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Case, NA (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. EM n.case@lancaster.ac.uk OI Case, Nathan/0000-0003-0692-1778 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1344296] FX This material is based upon work supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant 1344296. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. The OVATION Prime output and associated view line were kindly supplied by the Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce. The output can be freely downloaded from the NOAA SWPC product pages (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR PY 2016 VL 14 IS 3 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1002/2015SW001320 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1UB UT WOS:000374698800002 ER PT J AU Ono, K Shelton, AO Ward, EJ Thorson, JT Feist, BE Hilborn, R AF Ono, Kotaro Shelton, Andrew O. Ward, Eric J. Thorson, James T. Feist, Blake E. Hilborn, Ray TI Space-time investigation of the effects of fishing on fish populations SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fishing; habitat; marine species; Microstomus pacificus; movement; Pacific Dover sole; space-time model; species distribution ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; NESTED LAPLACE APPROXIMATIONS; LARGE SPATIAL DATASETS; RANDOM FORESTS; AUTOCORRELATION; FISHERIES; PREDICTION; HABITATS AB Species distribution models (SDMs) are important statistical tools for obtaining ecological insight into species-habitat relationships and providing advice for natural resource management. Many SDMs have been developed over the past decades, with a focus on space-and more recently, time-dependence. However, most of these studies have been on terrestrial species and applications to marine species have been limited. In this study, we used three large spatio-temporal data sources (habitat maps, survey-based fish density estimates, and fishery catch data) and a novel space-time model to study how the distribution of fishing may affect the seasonal dynamics of a commercially important fish species (Pacific Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus) off the west coast of the USA. Dover sole showed a large scale change in seasonal and annual distribution of biomass, and its distribution shifted from mid-depth zones to inshore or deeper waters during late summer/early fall. In many cases, the scale of fishery removal was small compared to these broader changes in biomass, suggesting that seasonal dynamics were primarily driven by movement and not by fishing. The increasing availability of appropriate data and space-time modeling software should facilitate extending this work to many other species, particularly those in marine ecosystems, and help tease apart the role of growth, natural mortality, recruitment, movement, and fishing on spatial patterns of species distribution in marine systems. C1 [Ono, Kotaro; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shelton, Andrew O.; Ward, Eric J.; Feist, Blake E.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Thorson, James T.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ono, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kotarono@uw.edu RI Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012; OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2421] FX K. Ono was was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2421. We thank Allan Hicks, Andre E Punt, Trevor A. Branch, Will Satterthwaite, two anonymous reviewers, and Eva Plaganyi for their insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.1890/14-1874.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DJ3PU UT WOS:000374118700006 PM 27209782 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Chan, WN Sridhar, B Sharman, RD Williams, PD Strahan, M AF Kim, Jung-Hoon Chan, William N. Sridhar, Banavar Sharman, Robert D. Williams, Paul D. Strahan, Matt TI Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Transatlantic Flight Routes and Clear-Air Turbulence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER-LEVEL TURBULENCE; AVIATION TURBULENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEM; CIRRUS; WINTER AB The variation of wind-optimal transatlantic flight routes and their turbulence potential is investigated to understand how upper-level winds and large-scale flow patterns can affect the efficiency and safety of long-haul flights. In this study, the wind-optimal routes (WORs) that minimize the total flight time by considering wind variations are modeled for flights between John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, New York, and Heathrow Airport (LHR) in London, United Kingdom, during two distinct winter periods of abnormally high and low phases of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns. Eastbound WORs approximate the JFK LHR great circle (GC) route following northerly shifted jets in the +NAO period. Those WORs deviate southward following southerly shifted jets during the NAO period, because eastbound WORs fly closely to the prevailing westerly jets to maximize tailwinds. Westbound WORs, however, spread meridionally to avoid the jets near the GC in the +NAO period to minimize headwinds. In the NAO period, westbound WORs are north of the GC because of the southerly shifted jets. Consequently, eastbound WORs are faster but have higher probabilities of encountering clear-air turbulence than westbound ones, because eastbound WORs are close to the jet streams, especially near the cyclonic shear side of the jets in the northern (southern) part of the GC in the +NAO ( NAO) period. This study suggests how predicted teleconnection weather patterns can be used for long-haul strategic flight planning, ultimately contributing to minimizing aviation's impact on the environment. C1 [Kim, Jung-Hoon] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chan, William N.; Sridhar, Banavar] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sharman, Robert D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Williams, Paul D.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Kim, Jung-Hoon; Strahan, Matt] NOAA NWS Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), 7220 NW 101st Terr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. EM jung-hoon.kim@noaa.gov RI Williams, Paul/B-2432-2012 OI Williams, Paul/0000-0002-9713-9820 FU U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) FX This research is in response to requirements and funding by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy and position of the FAA. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 3 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0261.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DJ4VN UT WOS:000374206300015 ER PT J AU Lee, TR De Wekker, SFJ AF Lee, Temple R. De Wekker, Stephan F. J. TI Estimating Daytime Planetary Boundary Layer Heights over a Valley from Rawinsonde Observations at a Nearby Airport: An Application to the Page Valley in Virginia, United States SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; TRACE GASES; PART I; MODEL; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; RADIOSONDE; IMPACT AB The planetary boundary layer (PBL) height is an essential parameter required for many applications, including weather forecasting and dispersion modeling for air quality. Estimates of PBL height are not easily available and often come from twice-daily rawinsonde observations at airports, typically at 0000 and 1200 UTC. Questions often arise regarding the applicability of PBL heights retrieved from these twice-daily observations to surrounding locations. Obtaining this information requires knowledge of the spatial variability of PBL heights. This knowledge is particularly limited in regions with mountainous terrain. The goal of this study is to develop a method for estimating daytime PBL heights in the Page Valley, located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The approach includes using 1) rawinsonde observations from the nearest sounding station [Dulles Airport (IAD)], which is located 90 km northeast of the Page Valley, 2) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) output, and 3) simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. When selecting days on which PBL heights from NARR compare well to PBL heights determined from the IAD soundings, it is found that PBL heights are higher (on the order of 200-400 m) over the Page Valley than at IAD and that these differences are typically larger in summer than in winter. WRF simulations indicate that larger sensible heat fluxes and terrain-following characteristics of PBL height both contribute to PBL heights being higher over the Page Valley than at IAD. C1 [Lee, Temple R.; De Wekker, Stephan F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Lee, Temple R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lee, Temple R.] NOAA, ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lee, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM temple.lee@noaa.gov FU MOU; NOAA [NA13OAR4310065]; NSF-CAREER Award [ATM-1151445]; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX This research was partly funded by an MOU between the NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division and the University of Virginia, NOAA Award NA13OAR4310065, and NSF-CAREER Award ATM-1151445. We thank William Brown from the National Center for Atmospheric Research for conducting the rawinsonde launches at SNP HQ in April 2009 through an educational field deployment grant from the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We also thank the support of the undergraduate and graduate students from the spring 2009 and fall 2010 mountain meteorology courses taught at the University of Virginia. We thank John Kochendorfer and Maggie Robinson at the NOAA ARL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division who helped improve the grammar in the manuscript. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped to improve the manuscript. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 3 BP 791 EP 809 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0300.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DJ4VN UT WOS:000374206300017 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Sykioti, EA Assael, MJ Perkins, RA AF Huber, M. L. Sykioti, E. A. Assael, M. J. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide from the Triple Point to 1100 K and up to 200 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; critical phenomena; thermal conductivity; transport properties ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; NEAR-CRITICAL POINT; CRITICAL REGION; GAS MIXTURES; SUPERCRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GASEOUS-MIXTURES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; BINARY-MIXTURES; PURE GASES AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of carbon dioxide. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, we incorporated recent theoretical calculations to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlation is applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1100 K and pressures up to 200 MPa. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the proposed correlation varies depending on the state point from a low of 1% at very low pressures below 0.1 MPa between 300 and 700 K, to 5% at the higher pressures of the range of validity. (C) 2016 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Huber, M. L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sykioti, E. A.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece. [Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE0003931] FX Funding for much of this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under Interagency Agreement No. DE-FE0003931. We acknowledge David J. N. Wynne (Univ. of Colorado, Boulder) for helpful suggestions. NR 133 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 AR 013102 DI 10.1063/1.4940892 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA DJ2DB UT WOS:000374012800002 ER PT J AU Bell, KLC McDonough, J AF Bell, Katherine L. C. McDonough, John TI New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration The E/V Nautilus and NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer 2015 Field Season Introduction SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; DEEP-SEA; GALAPAGOS RIFT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CORAL COMMUNITIES; COLD SEEPS; METHANE; OCTOCORALS; VOLCANISM C1 [Bell, Katherine L. C.] Ocean Explorat Trust, Explorat & Res, New London, CT USA. [McDonough, John] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bell, KLC (reprint author), Ocean Explorat Trust, Explorat & Res, New London, CT USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 1 EP + PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100001 ER PT J AU Cook, SB Holloway, A Lettrich, M Yarincik, K AF Cook, Susan B. Holloway, Amanda Lettrich, Matthew Yarincik, Kristen TI The Ocean Science Graduate Education Landscape: A 2015 Perspective SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB This article draws on several sources to provide background information on the composition of the 2015 ocean science graduate education community. We identify 148 US institutions of higher education that offer graduate degrees in the marine and ocean related sciences. Using data on degree completions and program size, the balance between master's and doctoral programs, and the demographic characteristics of degree recipients for the 73 higher education institutions that report marine degree data to the federal government, we develop a descriptive snapshot of the 2015 ocean sciences graduate education landscape. For programs administered by members of the Ocean Sciences Educators' Retreat community within the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, we present time-series information on the "supply side" of program dynamics (i.e., applications, enrollment), including detailed demographics, as well as an overview of curricular patterns and administrative structures. This information provides a framework that the graduate education community can use for further reflection, discussion, and collaborative action focused on the future of post-baccalaureate education in the ocean sciences. C1 [Cook, Susan B.] Ocean Res & Conservat Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Cook, Susan B.] Consortium Oceanog Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Cook, Susan B.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Cook, Susan B.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Holloway, Amanda] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Res & Educ Dept, Washington, DC USA. [Lettrich, Matthew] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Yarincik, Kristen] Consortium Ocean Leadership, Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. [Yarincik, Kristen] Natl Ocean Sci Bowl, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cook, SB (reprint author), Ocean Res & Conservat Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM suecook1023@gmail.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2016.04 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IJ UT WOS:000374097800004 ER PT J AU Briscoe, M Glickson, D Roberts, S Spinrad, R Yoder, J AF Briscoe, Melbourne Glickson, Deborah Roberts, Susan Spinrad, Richard Yoder, James TI A Moving Target Matching Graduate Education with Available Careers for Ocean Scientists SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The objective of this paper is to look at past assessments and available data to examine the match (or mismatch) between university curricula and programs available to graduate students in the ocean sciences and the career possibilities available to those students. We conclude there is a need for fundamental change in how we educate graduate students in the ocean sciences. The change should accommodate the interests of students as well as the needs of a changing society; the change should not be constrained by the traditions or resource challenges of the graduate institutions themselves. The limited data we have been able to obtain from schools and employers are consistent with this view: desirable careers for ocean scientists are moving rapidly toward interdisciplinary, collaborative, societally relevant activities, away from traditional academic-research/professorial jobs, but the training available to the students is not keeping pace. We offer some suggestions to mitigate the mismatch. Most importantly, although anecdotes and "gut feelings" abound, the quantitative data backing our conclusions and suggestions are very sparse and barely compelling; we urge better data collection to support curricular revision, perhaps with the involvement of professional societies. C1 [Briscoe, Melbourne] OceanGeeks LLC, Alexandria, VA USA. [Glickson, Deborah] Florida Atlantic Univ, Cooperat Inst Ocean Explorat Res & Technol, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, NOAA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Roberts, Susan] Natl Acad Sci, Ocean Studies Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Roberts, Susan] Natl Acad Engn, Ocean Studies Board, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Roberts, Susan] Natl Acad Med, Ocean Studies Board, Washington, DC USA. [Spinrad, Richard] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yoder, James] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Acad Programs, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Yoder, James] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Briscoe, M (reprint author), OceanGeeks LLC, Alexandria, VA USA. EM mel@oceangeeks.com NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2016.05 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IJ UT WOS:000374097800005 ER PT J AU Levin, L Girguis, PR German, CR Brennan, ML Tuzun, S Wagner, J Smart, C Kruger, A Inderbitzen, K Le, J Martinez, M Martinez, C Kappel, E Gallo, N Grupe, BM AF Levin, Lisa Girguis, Peter R. German, Christopher R. Brennan, Michael L. Tuzun, Suna Wagner, Jamie Smart, Clara Kruger, Avery Inderbitzen, Katherine Le, Jennifer Martinez, Melinda Martinez, Catalina Kappel, Ellen Gallo, Natalya Grupe, Benjamin M. TI Exploration and Discovery of Methane Seeps and Associated Communities in the California Borderland SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Levin, Lisa; Le, Jennifer; Gallo, Natalya] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Girguis, Peter R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [German, Christopher R.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brennan, Michael L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Tuzun, Suna] Ocean Explorat Trust, Marine Archaeol & Maritime Hist, New London, CT USA. [Wagner, Jamie] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Smart, Clara] Duke Univ, Duke Marine Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Kruger, Avery] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Inderbitzen, Katherine] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Martinez, Melinda] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Martinez, Catalina] Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Kappel, Ellen] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Grupe, Benjamin M.] Geosci Profess Serv Inc, La Verme, CA 91750 USA. Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Levin, L (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100011 ER PT J AU Lickliter-Mundon, M Brennan, ML Smart, C Terrell, BG Schwemmer, RV Catsambis, A AF Lickliter-Mundon, Megan Brennan, Michael L. Smart, Clara Terrell, Bruce G. Schwemmer, Robert V. Catsambis, Alexis TI High-Resolution Imaging and Characterization of the USS Macon Airship Wreck Site SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lickliter-Mundon, Megan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Brennan, Michael L.] Ocean Explorat Trust, Marine Archaeol & Maritime Hist, New London, CT USA. [Smart, Clara] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Terrell, Bruce G.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schwemmer, Robert V.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Monterey, CA USA. [Catsambis, Alexis] Naval Hist & Heritage Command, Underwater Archaeol Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Lickliter-Mundon, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100012 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BRC Elliott, KP Cantwell, K Mesick, S AF Kennedy, Brian R. C. Elliott, Kelley P. Cantwell, Kasey Mesick, Sharon TI Telepresence-Enabled Exploration with NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kennedy, Brian R. C.; Cantwell, Kasey] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Elliott, Kelley P.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mesick, Sharon] NOAA, NCEI, Informat Serv Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Kennedy, BRC (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100014 ER PT J AU Mesick, S Gottfried, S Reser, B Woodard, K AF Mesick, Sharon Gottfried, Susan Reser, Brendan Woodard, Katharine TI Applied Excellence In Data Management SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mesick, Sharon] NOAA, NCEI, Informat Serv Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Gottfried, Susan] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Reser, Brendan; Woodard, Katharine] NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res Data Management Team, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Mesick, S (reprint author), NOAA, NCEI, Informat Serv Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100016 ER PT J AU Elliott, KP Kennedy, BRC Lobecker, M Potter, J AF Elliott, Kelley P. Kennedy, Brian R. C. Lobecker, Meme Potter, Jeremy TI Okeanos Explorer 2015 Field Season Overview SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Elliott, Kelley P.; Potter, Jeremy] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kennedy, Brian R. C.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Lobecker, Meme] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. RP Elliott, KP (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100017 ER PT J AU Lobecker, M McKenna, L Sowers, D AF Lobecker, Meme McKenna, Lindsay Sowers, Derek TI 2015 Strategic Mapping Exploration in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean: Complementing Existing Data and Supporting ROV Operations SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lobecker, Meme; McKenna, Lindsay; Sowers, Derek] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. RP Lobecker, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100018 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BRC Quattrini, AM Cheadle, MJ Garcia-Moliner, G Chaytor, J Ford, M Lobecker, M Sowers, D McKenna, L Cantwell, K Schmidt, W Jimenez, M Demopoulos, AWJ Shank, TM Scharer-Umpierre, M Mah, CL AF Kennedy, Brian R. C. Quattrini, Andrea M. Cheadle, Michael J. Garcia-Moliner, Graciela Chaytor, Jason Ford, Michael Lobecker, Meme Sowers, Derek McKenna, Lindsay Cantwell, Kasey Schmidt, Wilford Jimenez, Manuel Demopoulos, Amanda W. J. Shank, Timothy M. Scharer-Umpierre, Michelle Mah, Christopher L. CA Okeanos Explorer Onshore Sci Team TI Oceano Profundo 2015: Exploring Puerto Rico's Seamounts, Trenches, and Troughs SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kennedy, Brian R. C.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. [Quattrini, Andrea M.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Cheadle, Michael J.] Univ Wyoming, Geol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Garcia-Moliner, Graciela] Caribbean Fishery Management Council, San Juan, PR USA. [Chaytor, Jason] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ford, Michael; Cantwell, Kasey] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lobecker, Meme; Sowers, Derek; McKenna, Lindsay] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Durham, NH USA. [Schmidt, Wilford] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Jimenez, Manuel] Univ Puerto Rico, Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Jimenez, Manuel] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Demopoulos, Amanda W. J.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. [Shank, Timothy M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Scharer-Umpierre, Michelle] Univ Puerto Rico, Interdisciplinary Ctr Coastal Studies, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Mah, Christopher L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kennedy, BRC (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100019 ER PT J AU Kelley, C France, S Parrish, F Wagner, D Gerringer, M Garcia, M AF Kelley, Christopher France, Scott Parrish, Frank Wagner, Daniel Gerringer, Mackenzie Garcia, Michael TI CAPSTONE's First Year-2015 Hohonu Moana: Exploring Deep Waters off Hawai'i SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kelley, Christopher] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [France, Scott] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Parrish, Frank] NOAA, Protected Species Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Wagner, Daniel] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gerringer, Mackenzie] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Garcia, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Geol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kelley, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100020 ER PT J AU Keener, P Crum, E Hirsh, H AF Keener, Paula Crum, Emily Hirsh, Heidi TI Okeanos Explorer Engages Far and Wide in 2015 SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Keener, Paula] NOAA, Educ, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Crum, Emily] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Key West, FL USA. [Hirsh, Heidi] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Marine Natl Monument Program, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Keener, P (reprint author), NOAA, Educ, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Charleston, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 74 EP 75 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100021 ER PT J AU Ballard, RD Leonardi, AP AF Ballard, Robert D. Leonardi, Alan P. TI New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration The E/V Nautilus and NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer 2015 Field Season Epilogue SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ballard, Robert D.] Ocean Explorat Trust, London, England. [Ballard, Robert D.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Ocean Explorat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Leonardi, Alan P.] NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Ballard, RD (reprint author), Ocean Explorat Trust, London, England.; Ballard, RD (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Ocean Explorat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SU S BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IM UT WOS:000374098100022 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Sumy, D Hermes, J Horsfall, F AF Akob, Denise M. Sumy, Danielle Hermes, Juliet Horsfall, Fiona TI CAREER PROFILES Options and Insights SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Akob, Denise M.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Sumy, Danielle] Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC USA. [Hermes, Juliet] SAEON, Egagasini Node Marine Offshore Syst, Cape Town, South Africa. [Horsfall, Fiona] NOAA, Climate Serv Branch, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Akob, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.; Sumy, D (reprint author), Inc Res Inst Seismol, Washington, DC USA.; Hermes, J (reprint author), SAEON, Egagasini Node Marine Offshore Syst, Cape Town, South Africa.; Horsfall, F (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Serv Branch, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM dakob@usgs.gov; danielle.sumy@iris.edu; juliet@saeon.ac.za; fiona.horsfall@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 SI SI BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ3IJ UT WOS:000374097800024 ER PT J AU Druon, JN Fromentin, JM Hanke, AR Arrizabalaga, H Damalas, D Ticina, V Quilez-Badia, G Ramirez, K Arregui, I Tserpes, G Reglero, P Deflorio, M Oray, I Karakulak, FS Megalbfonou, P Ceyhan, T Grubisic, L MacKenzie, BR Lamkin, J Afonso, P Addis, P AF Druon, Jean-Noel Fromentin, Jean-Marc Hanke, Alex R. Arrizabalaga, Haritz Damalas, Dimitrios Ticina, Vjekoslav Quilez-Badia, Gemma Ramirez, Karina Arregui, Igor Tserpes, George Reglero, Patricia Deflorio, Michele Oray, Isik Karakulak, F. Saadet Megalbfonou, Persefoni Ceyhan, Tevfik Grubisic, Leon MacKenzie, Brian R. Lamkin, John Afonso, Pedro Addis, Piero TI Habitat suitability of the Atlantic bluefin tuna by size class: An ecological niche approach SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID THUNNUS-THYNNUS L.; GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SPAWNING GROUNDS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; THERMAL BIOLOGY; OCEAN FEATURES; DYNAMIC OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; PREFERENCES AB An ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach was used to predict the potential feeding and spawning habitats of small (5-25 kg, only feeding) and large (>25 kg) Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT), Thunnus thynnus, in the Mediterranean Sea, the North Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The ENM was built bridging knowledge on ecological traits of ABFT (e.g. temperature tolerance, mobility, feeding and spawning strategy) with patterns of selected environmental variables (chlorophyll-a fronts and concentration, sea surface current and temperature, sea surface height anomaly) that were identified using an extensive set of precisely geo-located presence data. The results highlight a wider temperature tolerance for larger fish allowing them to feed in the northern high chlorophyll levels latitudes up to the Norwegian Sea in the eastern Atlantic and to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the western basin. Permanent suitable feeding habitat for small ABFT was predicted to be mostly located in temperate latitudes in the North Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as in subtropical waters off north-west Africa, while summer potential habitat in the Gulf of Mexico was found to be unsuitable for both small and large ABFTs. Potential spawning grounds were found to occur in the Gulf of Mexico from March April in the south-east to April May in the north, while favourable conditions evolve in the Mediterranean Sea from mid-May in the eastern to mid-July in the western basin. Other secondary potential spawning grounds not supported by observations were predicted in the Azores area and off Morocco to Senegal during July and August when extrapolating the model settings from the Gulf of Mexico into the North Atlantic. The presence of large ABFT off Florida and the Bahamas in spring was not explained by the model as is, however the environmental variables other than the sea surface height anomaly appeared to be favourable for spawning in part of this area. Defining key spatial and temporal habitats should further help in building spatially-explicit stock assessment models, thus improving the spatial management of bluefin tuna fisheries. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Druon, Jean-Noel; Damalas, Dimitrios] Commiss European Communities, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Joint Res Ctr, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Fromentin, Jean-Marc] IFREMER, Stn Sete, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France. [Hanke, Alex R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, 531 Brandy Cove Rd, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Arregui, Igor] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Basque Country, Spain. [Ticina, Vjekoslav; Grubisic, Leon] Inst Oceanog & Fisheries, Mestrovica 63, Setaliste Ivana 21000, Split, Croatia. [Quilez-Badia, Gemma] WWF Mediterranean Programme Off, C Canuda 37 3Er, Barcelona 08002, Spain. [Ramirez, Karina] Inst Nacl Pesca, Direcc Gen Invest Pesquera Atlantico, Sonora, Mexico. [Tserpes, George] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources & Inland Waters, POB 2214, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Reglero, Patricia] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Moll Ponent S-N, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Balearic Island, Spain. [Deflorio, Michele] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta & Alimenti DISSPA, Campus Univ,Via Amendola 165-A, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Oray, Isik; Karakulak, F. Saadet] Istanbul Univ, Fac Fisheries, Ordu St 200, TR-34470 Istanbul, Turkey. [Megalbfonou, Persefoni] Univ Athens, Fac Biol, Dept Zool Marine Biol, Athens 15784, Greece. [Ceyhan, Tevfik] Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [MacKenzie, Brian R.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Lamkin, John] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Afonso, Pedro] Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, Rua Prof Dr Frederico Machado, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Addis, Piero] Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Sci Vita & Ambiente, Via Fiorelli 1, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy. RP Druon, JN (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Joint Res Ctr, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM jean-noel.druon@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Afonso, Pedro/B-7815-2013; OI Afonso, Pedro/0000-0002-4618-2589; Arrizabalaga, Haritz/0000-0002-3861-6316 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 142 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.01.002 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DJ0AM UT WOS:000373863800003 ER PT J AU Key, J Wang, XJ Liu, YH Dworak, R Letterly, A AF Key, Jeffrey Wang, Xuanji Liu, Yinghui Dworak, Richard Letterly, Aaron TI The AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Climate Data Records SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE sea ice; radiation; climate data record; Antarctic; AVHRR; clouds; Arctic; Polar regions ID ICE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SEA-ICE; RADIATION PROPERTIES; ARCTIC SURFACE; RECENT TRENDS; CLOUD COVER; AMPLIFICATION; CHANNELS; MODELS; BUDGET AB With recent, dramatic changes in Arctic sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheets, the importance of monitoring the climate of the polar regions has never been greater. While many individual global satellite products exist, the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder products provide a comprehensive set of variables that can be used to study trends and interactions within the Arctic and Antarctic climate systems. This paper describes the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP), which is a fundamental climate data record that provides channel reflectances and brightness temperatures, and the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder-Extended (APP-x), which is a thematic climate data record that builds on APP to provide information on surface and cloud properties and radiative fluxes. Both datasets cover the period from 1982 through the present, twice daily, over both polar regions. APP-x has been used in the study of trends in surface properties, cloud cover, and radiative fluxes, interactions between clouds and sea ice, and the role of land surface changes in summer warming. C1 [Key, Jeffrey] NOAA, NESDIS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wang, Xuanji; Liu, Yinghui; Dworak, Richard; Letterly, Aaron] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Key, J (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jkey@ssec.wisc.edu; xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu; yinghuil@ssec.wisc.edu; rdworak@ssec.wisc.edu; aaron.letterly@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA Climate Data Records program; National Science Foundation's Arctic System Science program [ARC 1023371] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Data Records program and the National Science Foundation's Arctic System Science program (ARC 1023371). A number of people at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Center for Weather and Climate (Asheville, North Carolina; formerly the National Climate Data Center) devoted considerable time and energy to the transition of APP and APP-x from a research environment to NCEI, notably Alisa Young, Heather Brown, and Daniel Wunder. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030167 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400022 ER PT J AU Liang, XM Ignatov, A Kramar, M Yu, FF AF Liang, Xingming Ignatov, Alexander Kramar, Maxim Yu, Fangfang TI Preliminary Inter-Comparison between AHI, VIIRS and MODIS Clear-Sky Ocean Radiances for Accurate SST Retrievals SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE AHI; ACSPO; MICROS; VIIRS; MODIS; S-NPP; Terra; Himawari-8; Aqua; SST ID TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION AB Clear-sky brightness temperatures (BT) in five bands of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; flown onboard Himawari-8 satellite) centered at 3.9, 8.6, 10.4, 11.2, and 12.3 mu m (denoted by IR37, IR86, IR10, IR11, and IR12, respectively) are used in the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval system. Here, AHI BTs are preliminarily evaluated for stability and consistency with the corresponding VIIRS and MODIS BTs, using the sensor observation minus model simulation (O-M) biases and corresponding double differences. The objective is to ensure accurate and consistent SST products from the polar and geo sensors, and to prepare for the launch of the GOES-R satellite in 2016. All five AHI SST bands are found to be largely in-family with their polar counterparts, but biased low relative to the VIIRS and MODIS (which, in turn, were found to be stable and consistent, except for Terra IR86, which is biased high by 1.5 K). The negative biases are larger in IR37 and IR12 (up to ~-0.5 K), followed by the three remaining longwave IR bands IR86, IR10, and IR11 (from -0.3 to -0.4 K). These negative biases may be in part due to the uncertainties in AHI calibration and characterization, although uncertainties in the coefficients of the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM, used to generate the "M" term) may also contribute. Work is underway to add AHI analyses in the NOAA Monitoring of IR Clear-Sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS) system and improve AHI BTs by collaborating with the sensor calibration and CRTM teams. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) analyses will be also added in MICROS when GOES-R is launched in late 2016 and the ABI IR data become available. C1 [Liang, Xingming; Ignatov, Alexander; Kramar, Maxim; Yu, Fangfang] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xingming] CIRA, CSU, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kramar, Maxim] GST Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, Fangfang] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Liang, XM (reprint author), CIRA, CSU, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Xingming.Liang@noaa.gov; Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov; Maxim.Kramar@noaa.gov; Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov FU JPSS Office; GOES-R Program Office; NOAA Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) and Ocean Remote Sensing Programs FX This work is supported by the JPSS and GOES-R Program Offices, and by the NOAA Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) and Ocean Remote Sensing Programs. Xingming Liang acknowledges the CSU CIRA research scientist fellowship. Thanks go to Boris Petrenko, Irina Gladkova for their Himawari-8 ACSPO analyses and productive discussions. Yury Kihai, John Stroup, Yaoxian Huang, and John Sapper of NOAA also contributed to the ACSPO development, data collection and analyses, and provided critical feedback and advice. Thanks also go to FredWu, co-lead of the NOAA geo calibration team, and to the JAXA and JMA for providing timely and highly accurate AHI L1b data. Thanks to Yong Chen of the NOAA Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) for providing the spectral radiance data plotted in Figure 1. Thanks to Xiaoxiong Xiong of NASA, Junqiang Sun and Changyong Cao of NOAA STAR for helpful discussions and to Quanhua Liu, Paul Van Delst, David Groff and Fuzhong Weng of the JCSDA for providing the CRTM. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030203 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400012 ER PT J AU Shao, X Cao, CY Liu, TC AF Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Liu, Tung-Chang TI Spectral Dependent Degradation of the Solar Diffuser on Suomi-NPP VIIRS Due to Surface Roughness-Induced Rayleigh Scattering SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE solar diffuser; VIIRS; Rayleigh scattering; surface roughness; spectral dependent degradation ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER MERIS; BOARD CALIBRATION SYSTEMS; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STABILITY; ORBIT; CONTAMINATION; ULTRAVIOLET; SATELLITE; ONBOARD AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) uses a solar diffuser (SD) as its radiometric calibrator for the reflective solar band calibration. The SD is made of Spectralon (TM) (one type of fluoropolymer) and was chosen because of its controlled reflectance in the Visible/Near-Infrared/Shortwave-Infrared region and its near-Lambertian reflectance property. On-orbit changes in VIIRS SD reflectance as monitored by the Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor showed faster degradation of SD reflectance for 0.4 to 0.6 mu m channels than the longer wavelength channels. Analysis of VIIRS SD reflectance data show that the spectral dependent degradation of SD reflectance in short wavelength can be explained with a SD Surface Roughness (length scale << wavelength) based Rayleigh Scattering (SRRS) model due to exposure to solar UV radiation and energetic particles. The characteristic length parameter of the SD surface roughness is derived from the long term reflectance data of the VIIRS SD and it changes at approximately the tens of nanometers level over the operational period of VIIRS. This estimated roughness length scale is consistent with the experimental result from radiation exposure of a fluoropolymer sample and validates the applicability of the Rayleigh scattering-based model. The model is also applicable to explaining the spectral dependent degradation of the SDs on other satellites. This novel approach allows us to better understand the physical processes of the SD degradation, and is complementary to previous mathematics based models. C1 [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res,NCWCP,E RA2, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Tung-Chang] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xshao@umd.edu; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; tcliu@umd.edu RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; OI Wang, Zhuo/0000-0002-0056-694X NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030254 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400031 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Wang, Menghua TI VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration Progress and Its Impact on Ocean Color Products SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE ocean color remote sensing; calibration; reflective solar bands; VIIRS; moon; solar diffuser; radiance ID IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SEAWIFS; LUNAR; PERFORMANCE; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIANCE; ALGORITHM; DIFFUSER AB The radiometric calibration for the reflective solar bands (RSB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) platform has reached a mature stage after four years since its launch. The characterization of the vignetting effect of the attenuation screens, the bidirectional reflectance factor of the solar diffuser, the degradation performance of the solar diffuser, and the calibration coefficient of the RSB have all been made robust. Additional investigations into the time-dependent out-of-band relative spectral response and the solar diffuser degradation non-uniformity effect have led to newer insights. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the solar diffuser (SD) degradation non-uniformity effect induces long-term bias in the SD-calibration result. A mitigation approach, the so-called Hybrid Method, incorporating lunar-based calibration results, successfully restores the calibration to achieve ~0.2% level accuracy. The successfully calibrated RSB data record significantly impacts the ocean color products, whose stringent requirements are especially sensitive to calibration accuracy, and helps the ocean color products to reach maturity. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Sun, JQ (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov; menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. We thank the MOBY team for providing the in situ data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030194 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400081 ER PT J AU Sun, JQ Madhavan, S Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Madhavan, Sriharsha Wang, Menghua TI Investigation and Mitigation of the Crosstalk Effect in Terra MODIS Band 30 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE thermal emissive bands; moon; striping; Terra; crosstalk; MODIS; radiometric improvements ID ELECTRONIC CROSSTALK AB It has been previously reported that thermal emissive bands (TEB) 27-29 in the Terra (T-) MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been significantly affected by electronic crosstalk. Successful linear theory of the electronic crosstalk effect was formulated, and it successfully characterized the effect via the use of lunar observations as viable inputs. In this paper, we report the successful characterization and mitigation of the electronic crosstalk for T-MODIS band 30 using the same characterization methodology. Though the phenomena of the electronic crosstalk have been well documented in previous works, the novel for band 30 is the need to also apply electronic crosstalk correction to the non-linear term in the calibration coefficient. The lack of this necessity in early works thus demonstrates the distinct difference of band 30, and, yet, in the same instances, the overall correctness of the characterization formulation. For proper result, the crosstalk correction is applied to the band 30 calibration coefficients including the non-linear term, and also to the earth view radiance. We demonstrate that the crosstalk correction achieves a long-term radiometric correction of approximately 1.5 K for desert targets and 1.0 K for ocean scenes. Significant striping removal in the Baja Peninsula earth view imagery is also demonstrated due to the successful amelioration of detector differences caused by the crosstalk effect. Similarly significant improvement in detector difference is shown for the selected ocean and desert targets over the entire mission history. In particular, band 30 detector 8, which has been flagged as "out of family" is restored by the removal of the crosstalk contamination. With the correction achieved, the science applications based on band 30 can be significantly improved. The linear formulation, the characterization methodology, and the crosstalk effect correction coefficients derived using lunar observations are once again demonstrated to work remarkably well. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Sun, JQ (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov; sriharsha.madhavan@ssaihq.com; menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; sun, junqiang/0000-0001-5913-0510 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030249 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400059 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI Radiometric Inter-Calibration between Himawari-8 AHI and S-NPP VIIRS for the Solar Reflective Bands SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE solar reflective bands; Deep Convective Cloud (DCC); collocation; inter-calibration; Himawari AHI; GOES-R ABI; ray-matching; S-NPP VIIRS ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; INFRARED CHANNELS; SATELLITE; STABILITY; ACCURACY AB The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) on-board Himawari-8, which was launched on 7 October 2014, is the first geostationary instrument housed with a solar diffuser to provide accurate onboard calibrated data for the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands. In this study, the Ray-matching and collocated Deep Convective Cloud (DCC) methods, both of which are based on incidently collocated homogeneous pairs between AHI and Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), are used to evaluate the calibration difference between these two instruments. While the Ray-matching method is used to examine the reflectance difference over the all-sky collocations with similar viewing and illumination geometries, the near lambertian collocated DCC pxiels are used to examine the difference for the median or high reflectance scenes. Strong linear relationships between AHI and VIIRS can be found at all the paired AHI and VIIRS bands. Results of both methods indicate that AHI radiometric calibration accuracy agrees well with VIIRS data within 5% for B1-4 and B6 at mid and high reflectance scenes, while AHI B5 is generally brighter than VIIRS by ~6%-8%. No apparent East-West viewing angle dependent calibration difference can be found at all the VNIR bands. Compared to the Ray-matching method, the collocated DCC method provides less uncertainty of inter-calibration results at near-infrared (NIR) bands. As AHI has similar optics and calibration designs to the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), which is currently scheduled to launch in fall 2016, the on-orbit AHI data provides a unique opportunity to develop, test and examine the cal/val tools developed for ABI. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane,Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane,Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863 FU GOES-R program FX This work was funded by GOES-R program. We would like to thank Japan Meteorological Agency for sharing the Himawari AHI data and many valuable discussions with NOAA colleagues: Boryana Efremova and Changyong Cao on the VIIRS calibration, Aaron Pearlman on ABI pre-launch calibration, Pubu Ciren on sun glint effect, and Wenhui Wang on the VIIRS DCC reflectance. We also appreciate the time and valuable internal review comments from Bob Iacovazzi and Boryana Efremova. This manuscript content is solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. The authors thank anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that greatly helped in improving the quality of this manuscript. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 DI 10.3390/rs8030165 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DI6RJ UT WOS:000373627400011 ER PT J AU Grutter, AJ AF Grutter, A. J. TI Perspective: Probing 2-D magnetic structures in a 3-D world SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; X-RAY ABSORPTION; RESONANCE EXCHANGE SCATTERING; DOPED TOPOLOGICAL INSULATOR; THIN-FILMS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; OXIDE SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACES AB Magnetic interfaces have been identified as promising systems upon which to base next-generation spintronic devices. In these nearly two-dimensional systems, deviations from bulk electronic structure and competition between nearly degenerate magnetic ground states allow the stabilization of widely tunable emergent properties. However, ever smaller length scales pose new challenges which must be overcome in order to understand and control magnetic properties at the atomic level. Using recent examples in oxide heterostructures and topological insulators, we discuss how combining techniques such as neutron scattering, X-ray scattering, X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy enables the probing of magnetism on the Angstrom scale. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Grutter, A. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grutter, AJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 3 AR 032402 DI 10.1063/1.4944630 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DI7MO UT WOS:000373685100008 ER PT J AU Mathai, PP Liddle, JA Stavis, SM AF Mathai, P. P. Liddle, J. A. Stavis, S. M. TI Optical tracking of nanoscale particles in microscale environments SO APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE FLUORESCENT PARTICLES; EXCEEDING CLASSICAL LIMIT; UNDERGO HOP DIFFUSION; REAL-TIME TRACKING; SUPERRESOLUTION MICROSCOPY; BROWNIAN-MOTION; 3 DIMENSIONS; LOCALIZATION ALGORITHMS; 3-DIMENSIONAL TRACKING; INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AB The trajectories of nanoscale particles through microscale environments record useful information about both the particles and the environments. Optical microscopes provide efficient access to this information through measurements of light in the far field from nanoparticles. Such measurements necessarily involve trade-offs in tracking capabilities. This article presents a measurement framework, based on information theory, that facilitates a more systematic understanding of such trade-offs to rationally design tracking systems for diverse applications. This framework includes the degrees of freedom of optical microscopes, which determine the limitations of tracking measurements in theory. In the laboratory, tracking systems are assemblies of sources and sensors, optics and stages, and nanoparticle emitters. The combined characteristics of such systems determine the limitations of tracking measurements in practice. This article reviews this tracking hardware with a focus on the essential functions of nanoparticles as optical emitters and microenvironmental probes. Within these theoretical and practical limitations, experimentalists have implemented a variety of tracking systems with different capabilities. This article reviews a selection of apparatuses and techniques for tracking multiple and single particles by tuning illumination and detection, and by using feedback and confinement to improve the measurements. Prior information is also useful in many tracking systems and measurements, which apply across a broad spectrum of science and technology. In the context of the framework and review of apparatuses and techniques, this article reviews a selection of applications, with particle diffusion serving as a prelude to tracking measurements in biological, fluid, and material systems, fabrication and assembly processes, and engineered devices. In so doing, this review identifies trends and gaps in particle tracking that might influence future research. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Mathai, P. P.; Liddle, J. A.; Stavis, S. M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathai, P. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mathai, PP; Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Mathai, PP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pramod.m@gmail.com; samuel.stavis@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland [70ANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70ANB10H193]; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program FX P.P.M. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70ANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. S.M.S. acknowledges support under the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge Gregg Gallatin for software to simulate point spread functions, Jon Geist and Veronika Szalai for helpful reviews of this article, Kartik Srinivasan and Amit Agrawal for helpful discussions about light sources and sensors, and Vivek Amin and Andrew Balk for assistance with software to make plots. NR 175 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1931-9401 J9 APPL PHYS REV JI Appl. Phys. Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 AR 011105 DI 10.1063/1.4941675 PG 26 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI7MY UT WOS:000373686200005 ER PT J AU McClelland, JJ Steele, AV Knuffman, B Twedt, KA Schwarzkopf, A Wilson, TM AF McClelland, J. J. Steele, A. V. Knuffman, B. Twedt, K. A. Schwarzkopf, A. Wilson, T. M. TI Bright focused ion beam sources based on laser-cooled atoms SO APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COHERENCE ELECTRON BUNCHES; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; LIQUID-METAL; NEUTRAL ATOMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OPTICAL MOLASSES; COLD ATOMS; COULOMB INTERACTIONS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS AB Nanoscale focused ion beams (FIBs) represent one of the most useful tools in nanotechnology, enabling nanofabrication via milling and gas-assisted deposition, microscopy and microanalysis, and selective, spatially resolved doping of materials. Recently, a new type of FIB source has emerged, which uses ionization of laser cooled neutral atoms to produce the ion beam. The extremely cold temperatures attainable with laser cooling (in the range of 100 mu K or below) result in a beam of ions with a very small transverse velocity distribution. This corresponds to a source with extremely high brightness that rivals or may even exceed the brightness of the industry standard Ga+ liquid metal ion source. In this review, we discuss the context of ion beam technology in which these new ion sources can play a role, their principles of operation, and some examples of recent demonstrations. The field is relatively new, so only a few applications have been demonstrated, most notably low energy ion microscopy with Li ions. Nevertheless, a number of promising new approaches have been proposed and/or demonstrated, suggesting that a rapid evolution of this type of source is likely in the near future. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [McClelland, J. J.; Steele, A. V.; Knuffman, B.; Twedt, K. A.; Schwarzkopf, A.; Wilson, T. M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Steele, A. V.; Knuffman, B.; Schwarzkopf, A.] ZeroK NanoTech, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Twedt, K. A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Twedt, K. A.; Wilson, T. M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Science Foundation [1353447] FX The authors wish to thank M. Jacka, J. Hanssen, D. Narum, J. Orloff, D. Stewart, G. Schwind, M. Maazouz, D. Tuggle, W. Parker, C. Rue, M. Scheinfein, J. Melngailis, E. Vredenbregt, O. Luiten, D. Comparat, R. Scholten, and M. Stiles for useful discussions over the years as this field has evolved. K.A.T. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. A.V.S., B.K., and A.D.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1353447. NR 173 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1931-9401 J9 APPL PHYS REV JI Appl. Phys. Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 AR 011302 DI 10.1063/1.4944491 PG 33 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI7MY UT WOS:000373686200008 ER PT J AU Zhao, HM Tong, DQ Lee, P Kim, H Lei, H AF Zhao, Hongmei Tong, Daniel Q. Lee, Pius Kim, Hyuncheol Lei, Hang TI Reconstructing Fire Records from Ground-Based Routine Aerosol Monitoring SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; ground-based aerosol monitoring; fire identification; fire ID BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; EMISSION FACTORS; PRESCRIBED FIRES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES; CLIMATE; IMPACT AB Long-term fire records are important to understanding the trend of biomass burning and its interactions with air quality and climate at regional and global scales. Traditionally, such data have been compiled from ground surveys or satellite remote sensing. To obtain aerosol information during a fire event to use in analyzing air quality, we propose a new method of developing a long-term fire record for the contiguous United States using an unconventional data source: ground-based aerosol monitoring. Assisted by satellite fire detection, the mass concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition data of surface aerosols collected from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network are examined to identify distinct aerosol characteristics during satellite-detected fire and non-fire periods. During a fire episode, elevated aerosol concentrations and heavy smoke are usually recorded by ground monitors and satellite sensors. Based on the unique physical and chemical characteristics of fire-dominated aerosols reported in the literature, we analyzed the surface aerosol observations from the IMPROVE network during satellite-detected fire events to establish a set of indicators to identify fire events from routine aerosol monitoring data. Five fire identification criteria were chosen: (1) high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (particles smaller than 2.5 and 10 in diameters, respectively); (2) a high PM2.5/PM10 ratio; (3) high organic carbon (OC/PM2.5) and elemental carbon (EC/PM2.5) ratios; (4) a high potassium (K/PM2.5) ratio; and (5) a low soil/PM2.5 ratio. Using these criteria, we are able to identify a number of fire episodes close to 15 IMPROVE monitors from 2001 to 2011. Most of these monitors are located in the Western and Central United States. In any given year within the study period fire events often occurred between April and September, especially in the two months of April and September. This ground-based fire climatology is also consistent with that derived from satellite retrievals. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to reconstruct historic records of fire events based on continuous ground aerosol monitoring. This dataset can provide not only fire activity information but also fire-induced aerosol surface concentrations and chemical composition that can be used to verify satellite-based products and evaluate air quality and climate modeling results. However, caution needs to be exercised because these indicators are based on a limited number of fire events, and the proposed methodology should be further tested and confirmed in future research. C1 [Zhao, Hongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. [Tong, Daniel Q.; Lee, Pius; Kim, Hyuncheol; Lei, Hang] US NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.; Kim, Hyuncheol] UMD Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tong, DQ (reprint author), US NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Tong, DQ (reprint author), UMD Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zhaohongmei@iga.ac.cn; daniel.tong@noaa.gov; pius.lee@noaa.gov; Hyuncheol.kim@noaa.gov; hang.lei@noaa.gov RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 FU National Key Technology RD Program [2014BAC16B03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201495]; Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) [KZZD-EW-TZ-07]; Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province [20150101010JC] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions. This work is financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2014BAC16B03), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41201495), the Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (No. KZZD-EW-TZ-07), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. 20150101010JC). The assistance of the U.S. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD MAR PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 DI 10.3390/atmos7030043 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI5HO UT WOS:000373529700016 ER PT J AU Trapp, RJ Stensrud, DJ Coniglio, MC Schumacher, RS Baldwin, ME Waugh, S Conlee, DT AF Trapp, Robert J. Stensrud, David J. Coniglio, Michael C. Schumacher, Russ S. Baldwin, Michael E. Waugh, Sean Conlee, Don T. TI Mobile Radiosonde Deployments during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX): Rapid and Adaptive Sampling of Upscale Convective Feedbacks SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) was a field campaign conducted 15 May through 15 June 2013 within the Great Plains region of the United States. One of the research foci of MPEX regarded the upscaling effects of deep convective storms on their environment, and how these feed back to the convective-scale dynamics and predictability. Balloon-borne GPS radiosondes, or "upsondes," were used to sample such environmental feedbacks. Two of the upsonde teams employed dual-frequency sounding systems that allowed for upsonde observations at intervals as fast as 15 min. Because these dual-frequency systems also had the capacity for full mobility during sonde reception, highly adaptive and rapid storm-relative sampling of the convectively modified environment was possible. This article documents the mobile sounding capabilities and unique sampling strategies employed during MPEX. C1 [Trapp, Robert J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.; Waugh, Sean] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baldwin, Michael E.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Conlee, Don T.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, College Stn, TX USA. EM jtrapp@illinois.edu RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009 OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 3 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00258.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI9DJ UT WOS:000373801300001 ER PT J AU Kieper, ME Landsea, CW Beven, JL AF Kieper, Margaret E. Landsea, Christopher W. Beven, John L., II TI A Reanalysis of Hurricane Camille SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LANDFALL; DATABASE; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB A reanalysis of 1969's Hurricane Camille has been completed as part of the Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis Project. The reanalysis of Hurricane Camille has been expedited to allow for a homogeneous comparison of all four of the U.S.-landfalling Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale category 5 hurricanes since 1900. A review of the available ship, station, radar, aircraft, and satellite observations is presented, along with the reanalysis methodology. Highlights of the Best-Track Change Committee approved changes to Camille's genesis, track, intensity, and dissipation are discussed. As part of the preparation for the reanalysis, research on Hurricane Camille uncovered new data useful to the reanalysis. Focus was placed on understanding the internal structure in a modern context, especially whether eyewall replacement cycles occurred, including comparisons with a similar hurricane used as a proxy. A more detailed understanding was gained of the tropical wave and genesis phases. In addition, a 901-mb dropsonde that was later rejected was reanalyzed to find out why and to see if an accurate central pressure could be determined. New landfall surface pressures along the Mississippi coast were discovered and a significant revision is made to the U.S.-landfall central pressure and intensity (maximum sustained surface winds). Additionally, a radar "loop" was constructed from archived Weather Surveillance Radar-1957 (WSR-57) film, including landfall, marking the very first time that this historic hurricane can be viewed in a time-lapse movie format. C1 [Kieper, Margaret E.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Landsea, Christopher W.; Beven, John L., II] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work has been sponsored by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office on "Atlantic basin tropical cyclone database reanalysis and impact of incomplete sampling." The authors wish to thank the remainder of the NHC Best-Track Change Committee (Eric Blake, Todd Kimberlain, Richard Pasch, Gladys Rubio, and Eric Uhlhorn) for their comments and detailed suggestions leading to the final revisions to Camille's best track (the third author on this paper is the chair of the committee). Sandy Delgado provided the revised track map for Camille. Special thanks to Scott Stephens and Gregory Hammer of National Climate Data Center for providing copies of the original archived WSR-57 radar imagery for Camille. Special thanks also Trish Nugent, C. A., special collections and archives coordinator, Monroe Library, Loyola University, New Orleans, for providing access to the Nash Roberts Camille archive papers. Thanks to Hugh Willoughby for assisting with the 901-mb sonde analysis. Many thanks to Louis M. Kyriakoudes, Ph.D., director of the Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage at the University of Southern Mississippi, for directly providing scans of the 1984 Camille interviews. Many thanks to William E. (Eddie) Coleman of the Hancock County Historical Society for providing the post-Camille photo of the Breath home. Thanks also are provided to Gloria Aversano, the NHC librarian, for tirelessly tracking down additional sources in support of this reanalysis. Alex Fierro, Dan Lindsey, Bobbi Schwarz-Biederman, Kevin Tyle, and Ryan Wade all provided a scanned version of Camille's infrared image that was on the front cover of the September 1971 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Maritza Ballester graciously provided Cuban archive information from Camille, including scanned hand-drawn synoptic maps. Finally, Eric Blake, Sandy Delgado, and Eric Uhlhorn provided helpful reviews of an earlier version of this paper. The first author would also like to acknowledge her advisor, Prof. Haiyan Jiang. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 3 BP 367 EP 384 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00137.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI9DQ UT WOS:000373802100001 ER PT J AU Valcke, S Craig, A Dunlap, R Riley, GD AF Valcke, Sophie Craig, Anthony Dunlap, Rocky Riley, Graham D. TI Sharing Experiences and Outlook on Coupling Technologies for Earth System Models SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Valcke, Sophie] CERFACS, CNRS, URA1875, F-31057 Toulouse 01, France. [Dunlap, Rocky] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Dunlap, Rocky] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Riley, Graham D.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Valcke, S (reprint author), CERFACS, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse 01, France. EM sophie.valcke@cerfacs.fr OI DUNLAP, RALPH/0000-0002-4293-9599 FU European FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES [312979] FX We thank all the workshop participants who actively took part in the discussions and the IS-ENES2 project, funded under the European FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2012-1 call (Grant Agreement 312979), for financial support. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 3 BP ES53 EP ES56 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00239.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI9ED UT WOS:000373803600001 ER PT J AU Chen, SS Kerns, BW Guy, N Jorgensen, DP Delanoe, J Viltard, N Zappa, CJ Judt, F Lee, CY Savarin, A AF Chen, Shuyi S. Kerns, Brandon W. Guy, Nick Jorgensen, David P. Delanoe, Julien Viltard, Nicolas Zappa, Christopher J. Judt, Falko Lee, Chia-Ying Savarin, Ajda TI Aircraft Observations of Dry Air, the ITCZ, Convective Cloud Systems, and Cold Pools in MJO during DYNAMO SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; MULTISCALE VARIABILITY; SCALE CIRCULATION; DEEP CONVECTION; INDIAN-OCEAN; LIFE-CYCLE; PRECIPITATION AB One of the most challenging problems in predicting the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the initiation of large-scale convective activity associated with the MJO over the tropical Indian Ocean. The lack of observations is a major obstacle. The Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign collected unprecedented observations from air-, land-, and ship-based platforms from October 2011 to February 2012. Here we provide an overview of the aircraft observations in DYNAMO, which captured an MJO initiation event from November to December 2011. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D aircraft was stationed at Diego Garcia and the French Falcon 20 aircraft on Gan Island in the Maldives. Observations from the two aircraft provide a unique dataset of three-dimensional structure of convective cloud systems and their environment from the flight level, airborne Doppler radar, microphysics probes, ocean surface imaging, global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde, and airborne expendable bathythermograph (AXBT) data. The aircraft observations revealed interactions among dry air, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), convective cloud systems, and air-sea interaction induced by convective cold pools, which may play important roles in the multiscale processes of MJO initiation. This overview focuses on some key aspects of the aircraft observations that contribute directly to better understanding of the interactions among convective cloud systems, environmental moisture, and the upper ocean during the MJO initiation over the tropical Indian Ocean. Special emphasis is on the distinct characteristics of convective cloud systems, environmental moisture and winds, air-sea fluxes, and convective cold pools during the convectively suppressed, transition/onset, and active phases of the MJO. C1 [Chen, Shuyi S.; Kerns, Brandon W.; Judt, Falko; Savarin, Ajda] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Guy, Nick] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Delanoe, Julien; Viltard, Nicolas] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Zappa, Christopher J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Lee, Chia-Ying] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. RP Chen, SS (reprint author), Univ Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM schen@rsmas.miami.edu RI Judt, Falko/Q-8380-2016 OI Judt, Falko/0000-0001-7710-9862 FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310077]; NSF [AGS1062242]; ONR [N000141110562] FX We thank our colleagues at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC; Jim McFadden, the pilots, aircraft crew, and flight directors) and the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL; Jim Moore, Jose Meitin, Scot Loehrer, and others), who provided critical support for operating the aircraft from Diego Garcia and Gan during DYNAMO. We are grateful to Patrick Chuang, Mikael Witte, and Bob Black for their help in processing the microphysics data; Scott Brown for collecting the IR SST imaging data; David Trampp, Jeff Kerling, and Qing Wang for the AXBT data; Tammy Weckwerth and Scott Ellis for helping with the aircraft missions using S-PolKa data near Gan Island; Jeff Hawkins for providing the satellite data in real time; Jon Gottschalck and Nick Hall for real-time forecasting support; and Ed Ryan for assisting with the cloud-cluster tracking during DYNAMO. Aircraft- and ground-based radar images were created using the Py-ART and AWOT software packages courtesy of the Department of Energy ARM Climate Research facility and the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, respectively. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers and Dr. Brian Mapes helped improve the manuscript significantly. This research was supported by grants from NOAA (NA11OAR4310077), NSF (AGS1062242), and ONR (N000141110562). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 3 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00196.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI9DV UT WOS:000373802600002 ER PT J AU Ruf, CS Atlas, R Chang, PS Clarizia, MP Garrison, JL Gleason, S Katzberg, SJ Jelenak, Z Johnson, JT Majumdar, SJ O'brien, A Posselt, DJ Ridley, AJ Rose, RJ Zavorotny, VU AF Ruf, Christopher S. Atlas, Robert Chang, Paul S. Clarizia, Maria Paola Garrison, James L. Gleason, Scott Katzberg, Stephen J. Jelenak, Zorana Johnson, Joel T. Majumdar, Sharanya J. O'brien, Andrew Posselt, Derek J. Ridley, Aaron J. Rose, Randall J. Zavorotny, Valery U. TI New Ocean Winds Satellite Mission to Probe Hurricanes and Tropical Convection SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GPS SIGNALS; SCATTEROMETER; SCATTERING; GNSS AB The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a new NASA earth science mission scheduled to be launched in 2016 that focuses on tropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical convection. The mission's two primary objectives are the measurement of ocean surface wind speed with sufficient temporal resolution to resolve short-time-scale processes such as the rapid intensification phase of TC development and the ability of the surface measurements to penetrate through the extremely high precipitation rates typically encountered in the TC inner core. The mission's goal is to support significant improvements in our ability to forecast TC track, intensity, and storm surge through better observations and, ultimately, better understanding of inner-core processes. CYGNSS meets its temporal sampling objective by deploying a constellation of eight satellites. Its ability to see through heavy precipitation is enabled by its operation as a bistatic radar using low-frequency GPS signals. The mission will deploy an eight-spacecraft constellation in a low-inclination (35 degrees) circular orbit to maximize coverage and sampling in the tropics. Each CYGNSS spacecraft carries a four-channel radar receiver that measures GPS navigation signals scattered by the ocean surface. The mission will measure inner-core surface winds with high temporal resolution and spatial coverage, under all precipitating conditions, and over the full dynamic range of TC wind speeds. C1 [Ruf, Christopher S.; Clarizia, Maria Paola; Posselt, Derek J.; Ridley, Aaron J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Chang, Paul S.; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Garrison, James L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gleason, Scott; Rose, Randall J.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Katzberg, Stephen J.] NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA USA. [Johnson, Joel T.; O'brien, Andrew] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ruf, CS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cruf@umich.edu RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 FU NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNL13AQ00C] FX The work presented was supported in part by NASA Science Mission Directorate Contract NNL13AQ00C. The authors would also like to thank Dave Nolan for providing the nature run simulation data and Brian McNoldy for producing the spatial sampling image (Fig 7). NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 97 IS 3 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00218.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI9DQ UT WOS:000373802100002 ER PT J AU Jha, AK Malla, R Sharma, M Panthi, J Lakhankar, T Krakauer, NY Pradhanang, SM Dahal, P Shrestha, ML AF Jha, Ajay K. Malla, Razan Sharma, Mohan Panthi, Jeeban Lakhankar, Tarendra Krakauer, Nir Y. Pradhanang, Soni M. Dahal, Piyush Shrestha, Madan Lall TI Impact of Irrigation Method on Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of Fodder Crops in Nepal SO CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Nepal; Irrigation efficiency; drip irrigation; forage biomass ID PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; LIVESTOCK AB Improved irrigation use efficiency is an important tool for intensifying and diversifying agriculture in Nepal, resulting in higher economic yield from irrigated farmlands with a minimum input of water. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation method (furrow vs. drip) on the productivity of nutritious fodder species during off-monsoon dry periods in different elevation zones of central Nepal. A split-block factorial design was used. The factors considered were treatment location, fodder crop, and irrigation method. Commonly used local agronomical practices were followed in all respects except irrigation method. Results revealed that location effect was significant (p < 0.01) with highest fodder productivity seen for the middle elevation site, Syangja. Species effects were also significant, with teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana) having higher yield than cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Irrigation method impacted green biomass yield (higher with furrow irrigation) but both methods yielded similar dry biomass, while water use was 73% less under drip irrigation. Our findings indicated that the controlled application of water through drip irrigation is able to produce acceptable yields of nutritionally dense fodder species during dry seasons, leading to more effective utilization and resource conservation of available land, fertilizer and water. Higher productivity of these nutritional fodders resulted in higher milk productivity for livestock smallholders. The ability to grow fodder crops year-round in lowland and hill regions of Nepal with limited water storages using low-cost, water-efficient drip irrigation may greatly increase livestock productivity and, hence, the economic security of smallholder farmers. C1 [Jha, Ajay K.] IGATT, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Malla, Razan] Tribhuwan Univ, Inst Agr & Anim Sci, Dept Soil Sci & Agriengn, Chitwan 44209, Nepal. [Sharma, Mohan] Agr & Forestry Univ, Directorate Continuing Educ Ctr, Chitwan 44209, Nepal. [Panthi, Jeeban; Dahal, Piyush; Shrestha, Madan Lall] Small Earth Nepal, 626 Bhakti Thapa Sadak, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal. [Lakhankar, Tarendra] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Pradhanang, Soni M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Geosci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Jha, AK (reprint author), IGATT, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM igatt2015@gmail.com; razenmalla@gmail.com; mohan.shr@gmail.com; jeeban@smallearth.org.np; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu; spradhanang@uri.edu; piyush@smallearth.org.np; madanls@hotmail.com RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2225-1154 J9 CLIMATE JI Climate PD MAR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 DI 10.3390/cli4010004 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DI6GW UT WOS:000373598200013 ER PT J AU Guentchev, GS Rood, RB Ammann, CM Barsugli, JJ Ebi, K Berrocal, V O'Neill, MS Gronlund, CJ Vigh, JL Koziol, B Cinquini, L AF Guentchev, Galina S. Rood, Richard B. Ammann, Caspar M. Barsugli, Joseph J. Ebi, Kristie Berrocal, Veronica O'Neill, Marie S. Gronlund, Carina J. Vigh, Jonathan L. Koziol, Ben Cinquini, Luca TI Evaluating the Appropriateness of Downscaled Climate Information for Projecting Risks of Salmonella SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE temperature-based heat indices; Salmonella infections; foodborne disease; Washington D.C.; evaluation; ARRM and BCCA statistical downscaling methods ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; SEASONALITY; NORTHERN; DISEASES; IMPACTS; DATASET; ENGLAND AB Foodborne diseases have large economic and societal impacts worldwide. To evaluate how the risks of foodborne diseases might change in response to climate change, credible and usable climate information tailored to the specific application question is needed. Global Climate Model (GCM) data generally need to, both, be downscaled to the scales of the application to be usable, and represent, well, the key characteristics that inflict health impacts. This study presents an evaluation of temperature-based heat indices for the Washington D.C. area derived from statistically downscaled GCM simulations for 1971-2000-a necessary step in establishing the credibility of these data. The indices approximate high weekly mean temperatures linked previously to occurrences of Salmonella infections. Due to bias-correction, included in the Asynchronous Regional Regression Model (ARRM) and the Bias Correction Constructed Analogs (BCCA) downscaling methods, the observed 30-year means of the heat indices were reproduced reasonably well. In April and May, however, some of the statistically downscaled data misrepresent the increase in the number of hot days towards the summer months. This study demonstrates the dependence of the outcomes to the selection of downscaled climate data and the potential for misinterpretation of future estimates of Salmonella infections. C1 [Guentchev, Galina S.; Ammann, Caspar M.] NCAR RAL CSAP, Natl Climate Predict & Project Platform, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Rood, Richard B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 525 Space Res Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph J.; Koziol, Ben] Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ebi, Kristie] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, 1959 NE Pacific St,Hlth Sci Bldg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berrocal, Veronica] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1415 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Neill, Marie S.; Gronlund, Carina J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1415 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vigh, Jonathan L.] NCAR JNT RAL, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Cinquini, Luca] NESII NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guentchev, GS (reprint author), NCAR RAL CSAP, Natl Climate Predict & Project Platform, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM galia.guentchev@gmail.com; rbrood@umich.edu; ammann@ucar.edu; joseph.j.barsugli@noaa.gov; krisebi@uw.edu; berrocal@umich.edu; marieo@umich.edu; gronlund@umich.edu; jvigh@ucar.edu; ben.koziol@noaa.gov; luca.cinquini@jpl.nasa.gov OI Vigh, Jonathan/0000-0001-6399-563X; Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [R21-ES020156]; University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We would like also to thank the Downscaled CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate and Hydrology Projections archive at http://gdo-dcp.ucllnLorg/downscaled_cmip_projections/ for providing the ARRM and BCCA CMIP3 downscaled data, as well as the re-gridded to 2 degrees x 2 degrees resolution GCM and Maurer02v1 data. We acknowledge grant R21-ES020156 from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences. Carina J. Gronlund was also supported by a Dow Postdoctoral Fellowship from the University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the NESII group for facilitating the publishing of the indices as well as for supporting OC GIS, which was used to extract the indices within the areas of interest. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-4601 J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health PD MAR PY 2016 VL 13 IS 3 DI 10.3390/ijerph13030267 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DI5HD UT WOS:000373528600096 ER PT J AU Moylan, S Brown, CU Slotwinski, J AF Moylan, Shawn Brown, Christopher U. Slotwinski, John TI Recommended Protocol for Round-Robin Studies in Additive Manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE additive manufacturing; 3D printing; round robin; interlaboratory study; qualification and certification AB One way to improve confidence and encourage proliferation of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and parts is by generating more high-quality data describing the performance of AM processes and parts. Many in the AM community see round-robin studies as a way to generate large data sets while distributing the cost among the participants, thereby reducing the cost to individual users. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted and participated in several of these AM round-robin studies. Whereas the results of these studies are interesting and informative, many of the lessons learned in conducting these studies concern the logistics and methods of the study and unique issues presented by AM. Existing standards for conducting interlaboratory studies of measurement methods, along with NIST's experience, form the basis for recommended protocols for conducting AM round-robin studies. The role of round-robin studies in AM qualification, some of the limitations of round-robin studies, and the potential benefit of less formal collaborative experiments where multiple factors, AM machine being only one, are varied simultaneously are also discussed. C1 [Moylan, Shawn; Brown, Christopher U.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotwinski, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Mail Stop 15-W104,11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Moylan, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shawn.moylan@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 44 IS 2 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.1520/JTE20150317 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA DJ0RN UT WOS:000373912200032 PM 27274602 ER PT J AU Krishnan, JKS Arun, P Appu, AP Vijayakumar, N Figueiredo, TH Braga, MFM Baskota, S Olsen, CH Farkas, N Dagata, J Frey, WH Moffett, JR Namboodiri, AMA AF Krishnan, Jishnu K. S. Arun, Peethambaran Appu, Abhilash P. Vijayakumar, Nivetha Figueiredo, Taiza H. Braga, Maria F. M. Baskota, Sudikshya Olsen, Cara H. Farkas, Natalia Dagata, John Frey, William H., II Moffett, John R. Namboodiri, Aryan M. A. TI Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; Excitotoxicity; Fluoro-jade; Neuropathology; Racine scale; Status Epilepticus ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; RAT-BRAIN; OXIMES; REACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; SOMAN AB Intranasal delivery is an emerging method for bypassing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and targeting therapeutics to the CNS. Oximes are used to counteract the effects of organophosphate poisoning, but they do not readily cross the BBB. Therefore, they cannot effectively counteract the central neuropathologies caused by cholinergic over-activation when administered peripherally. For these reasons we examined intranasal administration of oximes in an animal model of severe organophosphate poisoning to determine their effectiveness in reducing mortality and seizure-induced neuronal degeneration. Using the paraoxon model of organophosphate poisoning, we administered the standard treatment (intramuscular pralidoxime plus atropine sulphate) to all animals and then compared the effectiveness of intranasal application of obidoxime (OBD) to saline in the control groups. Intranasally administered OBD was effective in partially reducing paraoxon-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the brain and substantially reduced seizure severity and duration. Further, intranasal OBD completely prevented mortality, which was 41% in the animals given standard treatment plus intranasal saline. Fluoro-Jade-B staining revealed extensive neuronal degeneration in the surviving saline-treated animals 24 h after paraoxon administration, whereas no detectable degenerating neurons were observed in any of the animals given intranasal OBD 30 min before or 5 min after paraoxon administration. These findings demonstrate that intranasally administered oximes bypass the BBB more effectively than those administered peripherally and provide an effective method for protecting the brain from organophosphates. The addition of intranasally administered oximes to the current treatment regimen for organophosphate poisoning would improve efficacy, reducing both brain damage and mortality. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Krishnan, Jishnu K. S.; Arun, Peethambaran; Appu, Abhilash P.; Vijayakumar, Nivetha; Figueiredo, Taiza H.; Braga, Maria F. M.; Baskota, Sudikshya; Moffett, John R.; Namboodiri, Aryan M. A.] USUHS, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Krishnan, Jishnu K. S.; Arun, Peethambaran; Appu, Abhilash P.; Vijayakumar, Nivetha; Figueiredo, Taiza H.; Braga, Maria F. M.; Baskota, Sudikshya; Moffett, John R.; Namboodiri, Aryan M. A.] USUHS, Neurosci Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Olsen, Cara H.] USUHS, Biostat Consulting Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Farkas, Natalia; Dagata, John] NIST, Sect Metrol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frey, William H., II] Reg Hosp, Ctr Memory & Aging, Hlth Partners Inst Educ & Res, St Paul, MN USA. RP Namboodiri, AMA (reprint author), USUHS, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.; Namboodiri, AMA (reprint author), USUHS, Neurosci Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM anamboodiri@usuhs.edu FU NIH [NS076448] FX We acknowledge Impel NeuroPharma Inc., Seattle, WA for making their POD intranasal delivery device available for our use. The authors have no competing interests to declare. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the Department of Defense. This work was supported by the NIH grant NS076448. Graphical abstract adapted from (Swanson, 2004) (http://larrywswanson.com/?page_id=164). NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X EI 1872-9711 J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2016 VL 53 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.020 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA DI3UK UT WOS:000373423800008 PM 26751814 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. TI Cross-spectrum measurement of thermal-noise limited oscillators SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-NOISE AB Cross-spectrum analysis is a commonly used technique for the detection of phase and amplitude noise of a signal in the presence of interfering uncorrelated noise. Recently, we demonstrated that the phase-inversion (anti-correlation) effect due to amplitude noise leakage can cause complete or partial collapse of the cross-spectral function. In this paper, we discuss the newly discovered effect of anti-correlated thermal noise that originates from the common-mode power divider (splitter), an essential component in a cross-spectrum noise measurement system. We studied this effect for different power splitters and discuss its influence on the measurement of thermal-noise limited oscillators. We provide theory, simulation and experimental results. In addition, we expand this study to reveal how the presence of ferrite-isolators and amplifiers at the output ports of the power splitters can affect the oscillator noise measurements. Finally, we discuss a possible solution to overcome this problem. C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita.hati@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 3 AR 034708 DI 10.1063/1.4944808 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI7WS UT WOS:000373713300054 PM 27036804 ER PT J AU Yu, YN Wang, YC Pratt, JR AF Yu, Yinan Wang, Yicheng Pratt, Jon R. TI Active cancellation of residual amplitude modulation in a frequency-modulation based Fabry-Perot interferometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; LASER; STABILIZATION; REDUCTION AB Residual amplitude modulation (RAM) is one of the most common noise sources known to degrade the sensitivity of frequency modulation spectroscopy. RAM can arise as a result of the temperature dependent birefringence of the modulator crystal, which causes the orientation of the crystal's optical axis to shift with respect to the polarization of the incident light with temperature. In the fiber-based optical interferometer used on the National Institute of Standards and Technology calculable capacitor, RAM degrades the measured laser frequency stability and correlates with the environmental temperature fluctuations. We have demonstrated a simple approach that cancels out excessive RAM due to polarization mismatch between the light and the optical axis of the crystal. The approach allows us to measure the frequency noise of a heterodyne beat between two lasers individually locked to different resonant modes of a cavity with an accuracy better than 0.5 ppm, which meets the requirement to further determine the longitudinal mode number of the cavity length. Also, this approach has substantially mitigated the temperature dependency of the measurements of the cavity length and consequently the capacitance. C1 [Yu, Yinan; Wang, Yicheng; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, YN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yinan.yu@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1063/1.4942594 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI7WS UT WOS:000373713300002 PM 27036752 ER PT J AU Castaneda, CA Dixon, EK Walker, O Chaturvedi, A Nakasone, MA Curtis, JE Reed, MR Krueger, S Cropp, TA Fushman, D AF Castaneda, Carlos A. Dixon, Emma K. Walker, Olivier Chaturvedi, Apurva Nakasone, Mark A. Curtis, Joseph E. Reed, Megan R. Krueger, Susan Cropp, T. Ashton Fushman, David TI Linkage via K27 Bestows Ubiquitin Chains with Unique Properties among Polyubiquitins SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION TENSOR; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; DEGRADATION; LIGASE; MACROMOLECULES; SPECIFICITY; RECOGNITION; ORIENTATION AB Polyubiquitination, a critical protein post-translational modification, signals for a diverse set of cellular events via the different isopeptide linkages formed between the C terminus of one ubiquitin (Ub) and the epsilon-amine of K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, or K63 of a second Ub. We assembled di-ubiquitins (Ub(2)) comprising every lysine linkage and examined them biochemically and structurally. Of these, K27-Ub(2) is unique as it is not cleaved by most deubiquitinases. As this remains the only structurally uncharacterized lysine linkage, we comprehensively examined the structures and dynamics of K27-Ub(2) using nuclear magnetic resonance, small-angle neutron scattering, and in silico ensemble modeling. Our structural data provide insights into the functional properties of K27-Ub(2), in particular that K27-Ub(2) may be specifically recognized by K48-selective receptor UBA2 domain from proteasomal shuttle protein hHR23a. Binding studies and mutagenesis confirmed this prediction, further highlighting structural/recognition versatility of polyubiquitins and the potential power of determining function from elucidation of conformational ensembles. C1 [Castaneda, Carlos A.; Dixon, Emma K.; Chaturvedi, Apurva; Nakasone, Mark A.; Fushman, David] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Castaneda, Carlos A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Walker, Olivier] Univ Lyon, UMR5280, Inst Sci Analyt, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. [Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reed, Megan R.; Cropp, T. Ashton] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Box 2006, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Castaneda, CA; Fushman, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Biomol Struct & Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.; Castaneda, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM cacastan@syr.edu; fushman@umd.edu RI WALKER, Olivier/B-2580-2016; OI WALKER, Olivier/0000-0001-7284-2555; Nakasone, Mark A./0000-0002-1362-191X FU NSF postdoctoral award; NIH R01 grants [GM065334, GM021248, GM084396]; NSF [DBI1040158, DMR-0944772, CHE-1265821]; NIH [1S10OD012254]; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; Shimadzu instrumentation award FX This work was funded by an NSF postdoctoral award to C.A.C. and NIH R01 grants GM065334 and GM021248 to D.F. and GM084396 to T.A.C.; utilized NMR instrumentation supported in part by NSF grant DBI1040158 and NIH shared instrumentation grant 1S10OD012254, and neutron-scattering facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772; and benefited from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. We thank Konstantin Berlin for helpful discussions regarding SES. Some mass spectrometry data were collected on a Shimadzu 8040 mass spectrometer, supported in part by a Shimadzu instrumentation award to C.A.C. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 EI 1878-4186 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.str.2016.01.007 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA DI5VJ UT WOS:000373568300010 PM 26876099 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA Gallatin, GM AF Liddle, J. Alexander Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Nanomanufacturing: A Perspective SO ACS NANO LA English DT Review DE nanomanufacturing nanofabrication; lithography; self-assembly ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; MESOPOROUS SILICA FILMS; ROLL NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; NUCLEIC-ACID NANOSTRUCTURES; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; NANO-IMPRINT-LITHOGRAPHY; ORDERED POLYMER MELTS; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; OF-THE-ART AB Nanomanufacturing, the commercially scalable and economically sustainable mass production of nanoscale materials and devices, represents the tangible outcome of the nanotechnology revolution. In contrast to those used in nanofabrication for research purposes, nanomanufacturing processes must satisfy the additional constraints of cost, throughput, and time to market. Taking silicon integrated circuit manufacturing as a baseline, we consider the factors involved in matching processes with products, examining the characteristics and potential of top down and bottom-up processes, and their combination. We also discuss how a careful assessment of the way in which function can be made to follow form can enable high-volume manufacturing of nanoscale structures with the desired useful, and exciting, properties. C1 [Liddle, J. Alexander; Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gallatin, Gregg M.] Appl Math Solut LLC, Newtown, CT USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 415 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 81 U2 181 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 2995 EP 3014 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03299 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DH5TR UT WOS:000372855400003 PM 26862780 ER PT J AU Tselev, A Velmurugan, J Ievlev, AV Kalinin, SV Kolmakov, A AF Tselev, Alexander Velmurugan, Jeyavel Ievlev, Anton V. Kalinin, Sergei V. Kolmakov, Andrei TI Seeing through Walls at the Nanoscale: Microwave Microscopy of Enclosed Objects and Processes in Liquids SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE in situ imaging; radiolysis-free in-liquid imaging; encapsulation; near-field microwave microscopy ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; BREAST-CANCER; CELLS; SILVER; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SAMPLES AB Noninvasive in situ nanoscale imaging in liquid environments is a current imperative in the analysis of delicate biomedical objects and electrochemical processes at reactive liquid solid interfaces. Microwaves of a few gigahertz frequencies offer photons with energies of approximate to 10 mu eV, which can affect neither electronic states nor chemical bonds in condensed matter. Here, we describe an implementation of scanning near-field microwave microscopy for imaging in liquids using ultrathin molecular impermeable membranes separating scanning probes from samples enclosed in environmental cells. We imaged a model electroplating reaction as well as individual live cells. Through a side-by-side comparison of the microwave imaging with scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate the advantage of microwaves for artifact-free imaging. C1 [Tselev, Alexander; Ievlev, Anton V.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tselev, Alexander; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Velmurugan, Jeyavel; Kolmakov, Andrei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Velmurugan, Jeyavel] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tselev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Tselev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Kolmakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM atselev@utk.edu; andrei.kolmakov@nist.gov RI Ievlev, Anton/H-3678-2012; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Ievlev, Anton/0000-0003-3645-0508; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation; NIST-CNST/UMD-IREAP Cooperative Agreement FX Microwave imaging was conducted at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, NIST, and at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ORNL, which also provided support (AT., A.V.I., S.V.K.) and which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. A.T. acknowledges support by U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation. J.V. work was supported by a NIST-CNST/UMD-IREAP Cooperative Agreement. Authors are thankful to Dr. K. Siebein for the experimental support, and to Dr. T. Moffat, Dr. M. Stiles, and Dr. N. Zhitenev (all at NIST) for their valuable discussions. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 3562 EP 3570 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b07919 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DH5TR UT WOS:000372855400059 PM 26866377 ER PT J AU Ruzmetov, D Zhang, KH Stan, G Kalanyan, B Bhimanapati, GR Eichfeld, SM Burke, RA Shah, PB O'Regan, TP Crowne, FJ Birdwell, AG Robinson, JA Davydov, AV Ivanov, TG AF Ruzmetov, Dmitry Zhang, Kehao Stan, Gheorghe Kalanyan, Berc Bhimanapati, Ganesh R. Eichfeld, Sarah M. Burke, Robert A. Shah, Pankaj B. O'Regan, Terrance P. Crowne, Frank J. Birdwell, A. Glen Robinson, Joshua A. Davydov, Albert V. Ivanov, Tony G. TI Vertical 2D/3D Semiconductor Heterostructures Based on Epitaxial Molybdenum Disulfide and Gallium Nitride SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE 2D material heterostructures; transition metal dichalcogenides; MoS2; van der Waals epitaxy; GaN; conductive atomic force microscopy; vertical transport ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; MONOLAYER MOS2; ATOMIC LAYERS; TRANSISTORS; GRAPHENE; GROWTH AB When designing semiconductor heterostructures, it is expected that epitaxial alignment will facilitate low-defect interfaces and efficient vertical transport. Here, we report lattice-matched epitaxial growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) directly on gallium nitride (GaN), resulting in high-quality, unstrained, single-layer MoS2 with strict registry to the GaN lattice. These results present a promising path toward the implementation of high-performance electronic devices based on 2D/3D vertical heterostructures, where each of the 3D and 2D semiconductors is both a template for subsequent epitaxial growth and an active component of the device. The MoS2 monolayer triangles average 1 mu m along each side, with monolayer blankets (merged triangles) exhibiting properties similar to that of single-crystal MoS2 sheets. Photoluminescence, Raman, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses identified monolayer MoS2 with a prominent 20-fold enhancement of photoluminescence in the center regions larger triangles. The MoS2/GaN structures are shown to electrically conduct in the out-of-plane direction, confirming the potential of directly synthesized 2D/3D semiconductor heterostructures for vertical, current flow. Finally, we estimate a MoS2/GaN contact resistivity to be less than 4 Omega.cm(2) and current spreading in the MoS2 monolayer of approximately 1 mu m in diameter. C1 [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Burke, Robert A.; Shah, Pankaj B.; O'Regan, Terrance P.; Crowne, Frank J.; Birdwell, A. Glen; Ivanov, Tony G.] US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zhang, Kehao; Bhimanapati, Ganesh R.; Eichfeld, Sarah M.; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zhang, Kehao; Bhimanapati, Ganesh R.; Eichfeld, Sarah M.; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Stan, Gheorghe; Kalanyan, Berc; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ruzmetov, D; Ivanov, TG (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA.; Ruzmetov, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmitry.a.ruzmetov.ctr@mail.mil; tony.g.ivanov.civ@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI); Material Genome Initiative; National Science Foundation [DMR-1453924] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI) program on understanding and exploiting the electronic interface in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. D.R. and A.V.D. acknowledge the support of Material Genome Initiative funding allocated to NIST. J.A.R. acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1453924. The authors are grateful to Dr. Gavin Liu from NIST for performing the X-ray diffraction measurements on the GaN substrates. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 40 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 3580 EP 3588 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b08008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DH5TR UT WOS:000372855400061 PM 26866442 ER PT J AU Denef, VJ Mueller, RS Chiang, EN Liebig, JR Vanderploeg, HA AF Denef, Vincent J. Mueller, Ryan S. Chiang, Edna Liebig, James R. Vanderploeg, Henry A. TI Chloroflexi CL500-11 Populations That Predominate Deep-Lake Hypolimnion Bacterioplankton Rely on Nitrogen-Rich Dissolved Organic Matter Metabolism and C-1 Compound Oxidation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER LAKE; GENOME SEQUENCES; EUPHOTIC ZONE; SARGASSO SEA; CRATER LAKE; BACTERIA; CARBON; COMMUNITY; GENE; METAGENOMES AB The Chloroflexi CL500-11 clade contributes a large proportion of the bacterial biomass in the oxygenated hypolimnia of deep lakes worldwide, including the world's largest freshwater system, the Laurentian Great Lakes. Traits that allow CL500-11 to thrive and its biogeochemical role in these environments are currently unknown. Here, we found that a CL500-11 population was present mostly in offshore waters along a transect in ultraoligotrophic Lake Michigan (a Laurentian Great Lake). It occurred throughout the water column in spring and only in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, contributing up to 18.1% of all cells. Genome reconstruction from metagenomic data suggested an aerobic, motile, heterotrophic lifestyle, with additional energy being gained through carboxidovory and methylovory. Comparisons to other available streamlined freshwater genomes revealed that the CL500-11 genome contained a disproportionate number of cell wall/capsule biosynthesis genes and the most diverse spectrum of genes involved in the uptake of dissolved organic matter (DOM) substrates, particularly peptides. In situ expression patterns indicated the importance of DOM uptake and protein/peptide turnover, as well as type I and type II carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and flagellar motility. Its location in the water column influenced its gene expression patterns the most. We observed increased bacteriorhodopsin gene expression and a response to oxidative stress in surface waters compared to its response in deep waters. While CL500-11 carries multiple adaptations to an oligotrophic lifestyle, its investment in motility, its large cell size, and its distribution in both oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes indicate its ability to thrive under conditions where resources are more plentiful. Our data indicate that CL500-11 plays an important role in nitrogen-rich DOM mineralization in the extensive deep-lake hypolimnion habitat. C1 [Denef, Vincent J.; Chiang, Edna] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mueller, Ryan S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liebig, James R.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Denef, VJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vdenef@umich.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provided funding to Vincent J. Denef under grant number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1432 DI 10.1128/AEM.03014-15 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DI2PL UT WOS:000373338800007 ER PT J AU Beck, SE Rodriguez, RA Hawkins, MA Hargy, TM Larason, TC Linden, KG AF Beck, Sara E. Rodriguez, Roberto A. Hawkins, Michael A. Hargy, Thomas M. Larason, Thomas C. Linden, Karl G. TI Comparison of UV-Induced Inactivation and RNA Damage in MS2 Phage across the Germicidal UV Spectrum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOBUTANE PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; PROTEIN; DNA; IRRADIATION; VALIDATION; RADIATION; WATER; SITE; PHOTOPRODUCTS AB Polychromatic UV irradiation is a common method of pathogen inactivation in the water treatment industry. To improve its disinfection efficacy, more information on the mechanisms of UV inactivation on microorganisms at wavelengths throughout the germicidal UV spectrum, particularly at below 240 nm, is necessary. This work examined UV inactivation of bacteriophage MS2, a common surrogate for enteric pathogens, as a function of wavelength. The bacteriophage was exposed to monochromatic UV irradiation from a tunable laser at wavelengths of between 210 nm and 290 nm. To evaluate the mechanisms of UV inactivation throughout this wavelength range, RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative PCR) was performed to measure genomic damage for comparison with genomic damage at 253.7 nm. The results indicate that the rates of RNA damage closely mirror the loss of viral infectivity across the germicidal UV spectrum. This demonstrates that genomic damage is the dominant cause of MS2 inactivation from exposure to germicidal UV irradiation. These findings contrast those for adenovirus, for which MS2 is used as a viral surrogate for validating polychromatic UV reactors. C1 [Beck, Sara E.; Rodriguez, Roberto A.; Hawkins, Michael A.; Linden, Karl G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hargy, Thomas M.] Tetra Tech, St Albans, VT USA. [Larason, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beck, Sara E.] Asian Inst Technol, Sch Environm Resources & Dev, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Rodriguez, Roberto A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso Reg Campus, El Paso, TX USA. [Hargy, Thomas M.] Corona Environm Consulting, Fairfax, VT USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karl.linden@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [HRD 0639653]; University of Colorado Boulder SMART program; Water Research Foundation (WRF) [4376]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91709801] FX National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant number HRD 0639653 and the University of Colorado Boulder SMART program (general fund) jointly funded Michael A. Hawkins. Water Research Foundation (WRF) provided funding to Karl G. Linden under grant number 4376. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided funding to Sara E. Beck under grant number FP91709801. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1468 EP 1474 DI 10.1128/AEM.02773-15 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA DI2PL UT WOS:000373338800011 ER PT J AU Karam, LR Ratel, G AF Karam, L. R. Ratel, G. TI Consultative committee on ionizing radiation: Impact on radionuclide metrology SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Designated Institute; International comparisons; Mutual recognition; National Measurement Institute; Quality management; Radioactivity AB In response to the CIPM MRA, and to improve radioactivity measurements in the face of advancing technologies, the CIPM's consultative committee on ionizing radiation developed a strategic approach to the realization and validation of measurement traceability for radionuclide metrology. As a consequence, measurement institutions throughout the world have devoted no small effort to establish radionuclide metrology capabilities, supported by active quality management systems and validated through prioritized participation in international comparisons, providing a varied stakeholder community with measurement confidence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Karam, L. R.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ratel, G.] BIPM, Ionizing Radiat Dept, Sevres, France. RP Karam, LR (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.karam@nist.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.085 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600004 PM 26688351 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Galea, R Laureano-Perez, L Zimmerman, BE AF Bergeron, Denis E. Galea, Raphael Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth Zimmerman, Brian E. TI Comparison of C-14 liquid scintillation counting at NIST and NRC Canada SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Efficiency tracing; CNET; Triple-to-double coincidence ratio TDCR; (14)c; Bilateral comparison; Benzoate; Hexadecane; Cocktail instability; Beta spectrum shape; Shape factor ID BETA-SPECTRUM; SYSTEM; STANDARDIZATION; EFFICIENCY; RADIONUCLIDES; TRIPLE; NI-63; MODEL; SHAPE AB An informal bilateral comparison of C-14 liquid scintillation (IS) counting at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been completed. Two solutions, one containing C-14-labeled sodium benzoate and one containing C-14-labeled n-hexadecane, were measured at both laboratories. Despite observed LS cocktail instabilities, the two laboratories achieved accord in their standardizations of both solutions. At the conclusion of the comparison, the beta spectrum used for efficiency calculations was identified as inadequate and the data were reanalyzed with different inputs, improving accord. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Laureano-Perez, Lizbeth; Zimmerman, Brian E.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galea, Raphael] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600007 PM 26585641 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Bergeron, DE Fitzgerald, R Cessna, JT AF Zimmerman, B. E. Bergeron, D. E. Fitzgerald, R. Cessna, J. T. TI Long-term stability of carrier-added Ge-68 standardized solutions SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Germanium-68; Solution stability; Reference materials ID GE-68/GA-68 AB Tests for chemical stability were carried out on carrier-added Ge-68 solutions prepared and calibrated in 2007 and 2011 to evaluate the suitability of the specific composition as a potential Standard Reference Material. Massic count rates of the stored solutions were measured using a NaI(Tl) well counter before and after gravimetric transfers. The present activity concentration of the 2007 solution was also measured using live-timed anticoincidence counting (LTAC) and compared to the 2007 calibrated value. The well counter data indicated no change in massic count rate to within uncertainties for either solution. The LTAC measurements gave a difference of -0.49% in the activity concentration 2007 solution over 7 years. However, the uncertainty in the decay correction over that time, due to the uncertainty in the Ge-68 half-life, accounted for the majority (0.67% out of 0.83%) of the standard uncertainty on the activity concentration. The results indicate that these carrier-added solutions are stable with regard to potential activity losses over several half-lives of Ge-68. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Fitzgerald, R.; Cessna, J. T.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bez@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016; Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 214 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.078 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600045 PM 26671789 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Bergeron, DE AF Zimmerman, B. E. Bergeron, D. E. TI (Mis)use of Ba-133 as a calibration surrogate for I-131 in clinical activity calibrators SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Activity calibrators; Barium-133; Iodine-131; Ionization chambers ID THERAPY AB Using NIST-calibrated solutions of Ba-131 and I-131 in the 5 mL NIST ampoule geometry, measurements were made in three NIST-maintained Capintec activity calibrators and the NIST Vinten 671 ionization chamber to evaluate the suitability of using Ba-133 as a calibration surrogate for I-131. For the Capintec calibrators, the Ba-133 response was a factor of about 300% higher than that of the same amount of I-131. For the Vinten 671, the Ba-133 response was about 7% higher than that of I-131. These results demonstrate that Ba-133 is a poor surrogate for I-131. New calibration factors for these radionuclides in the ampoule geometry for the Vinten 671 and Capintec activity calibrators were also determined. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.; Bergeron, D. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.034 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600053 PM 26653213 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE AF Bergeron, Denis E. TI Micellar phase boundaries under the influence of ethyl alcohol SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Liquid scintillation counting; Critical micelle concentration; Ethanol; Cocktail; Microemulsion; Reverse micelle ID TRITON X-100 MIXTURE; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; SOLUTION-AIR INTERFACE; SHORT-CHAIN ALCOHOLS; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; REVERSE MICELLES; WATER; SURFACTANT; FLUORESCENCE AB The Compton spectrum quenching technique is used to monitor the effect of ethyl alcohol (EtOH) additions on phase boundaries in two systems. In toluenic solutions of the nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, EtOH shifts the boundary separating the first clear phase from the first turbid phase to higher water:surfactant ratios. In a commonly used scintillant, Ultima Gold AB, the critical micelle concentration is not shifted. The molecular interactions behind the observations and implications for liquid scintillation counting are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.] NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), NIST, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600057 PM 26585642 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R AF Fitzgerald, R. TI Monte Carlo based approach to the LS-NaI 4 pi beta-gamma anticoincidence extrapolation and uncertainty SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Beta-gamma method; Anticoincidence; Coincidence; Monte Carlo simulations ID COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS; PRIMARY STANDARDIZATION; DECAY SCHEME; CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; CURVES; F-18 AB The 4 pi beta-gamma anticoincidence method is used for the primary standardization of beta-, beta+, electron capture (EC), alpha, and mixed-mode radionuclides. Efficiency extrapolation using one or more gamma ray coincidence gates is typically carried out by a low-order polynomial fit. The approach presented here is to use a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation of the detector system to analyze the efficiency extrapolation. New code was developed to account for detector resolution, direct gamma ray interaction with the PMT, and implementation of experimental, beta-decay shape factors. The simulation was tuned to Co-57 and Co-60 data, then tested with Tc-99m data, and used in measurements of F-18, I-129 and I-124. The analysis method described here offers a more realistic activity value and uncertainty than those indicated from a least squares fit alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, R.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.107 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600065 PM 27358944 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R AF Fitzgerald, R. TI Corrections for the combined effects of decay and dead time in live-timed counting of short-lived radionuclides SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Radioactive decay; Dead time AB Studies and calibrations of short-lived radionuclides, for example O-15, are of particular interest in nuclear medicine. Yet counting experiments on such species are vulnerable to an error due to the combined effect of decay and dead time. Separate decay corrections and dead-time corrections do not account for this issue. Usually counting data are decay-corrected to the start time of the count period, or else instead of correcting the count rate, the mid-time of the measurement is used as the reference time. Correction factors are derived for both those methods, considering both extending and non-extending dead time. Series approximations are derived here and the accuracy of those approximations are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, R.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600070 PM 26682893 ER PT J AU Cessna, JT Golas, DB Bergeron, DE AF Cessna, Jeffrey T. Golas, Daniel B. Bergeron, Denis E. TI Source self-attenuation in ionization chamber measurements of Co-57 solutions SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications (ICRM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungswesen, European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr Enlargement & Integrat Act, Univ Bodenkultur HO TU Wien DE Ionization chamber; Self-attenuation; Co-57 solution ID CALIBRATOR AB Source self-attenuation for solutions of Co-57 of varying density and carrier concentration was measured in nine re-entrant ionization chambers maintained at NIST. The magnitude of the attenuation must be investigated to determine whether a correction is necessary in the determination of the activity of a source that differs in composition from the source used to calibrate the ionization chamber. At our institute, corrections are currently made in the measurement of Ce-144, Cd-109, Ga-67, Au-195, Ho-166, Lu-177, and Sm-153. This work presents the methods used as recently applied to Co-57. A range of corrections up to 1% were calculated for dilute to concentrated HCl at routinely used carrier concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cessna, Jeffrey T.; Golas, Daniel B.; Bergeron, Denis E.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Golas, Daniel B.] Nucl Energy Inst, 1201 F St NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Cessna, JT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.Cessna@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 109 BP 402 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.019 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DH3GX UT WOS:000372676600085 PM 26717794 ER PT J AU Smillie, DG Pickering, JC Nave, G Smith, PL AF Smillie, D. G. Pickering, J. C. Nave, G. Smith, P. L. TI THE SPECTRUM AND TERM ANALYSIS OF CO III MEASURED USING FOURIER TRANSFORM AND GRATING SPECTROSCOPY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; line: profiles; methods: laboratory: atomic ID DOUBLY IONIZED ATOMS; IRON-GROUP ELEMENTS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ENERGY-LEVELS; CONFIGURATIONS; WAVELENGTHS; 3RD; UV; SPECTROMETER; MULTIPLET AB The spectrum of Co III has been recorded in the region 1562-2564 angstrom (64,000 cm(-1)-39,000 cm(-1)) by Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy, and in the region 1317-2500 angstrom (164,000 cm(-1)-40,000 cm(-1)) using a 10.7 m grating spectrograph with phosphor image plate detectors. The spectrum was excited in a cobalt-neon Penning discharge lamp. We classified 514 Co III lines measured using FT spectroscopy, the strongest having wavenumber uncertainties approaching 0.004 cm(-1) (approximately 0.2 m angstrom at 2000 angstrom, or 1 part in 10(7)), and 240 lines measured with grating spectroscopy with uncertainties between 5 and 10 m angstrom. The wavelength calibration of 790 lines of Raassen & Orti Ortin and 87 lines from Shenstone has been revised and combined with our measurements to optimize the values of all but one of the 288 previously reported energy levels. Order of magnitude reductions in uncertainty for almost two-thirds of the 3d(6)4s and almost half of the 3d(6)4p revised energy levels are obtained. Ritz wavelengths have been calculated for an additional 100 forbidden lines. Eigenvector percentage compositions for the energy levels and predicted oscillator strengths have been calculated using the Cowan code. C1 [Smillie, D. G.; Pickering, J. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Nave, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, P. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pickering, JC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.pickering@imperial.ac.uk FU NASA [NAG5-12668, W-10,255, NNH10AH38I]; STFC; PPARC (UK); Royal Society of the UK; Leverhulme Trust FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant NAG5-12668, NASA inter-agency agreements W-10,255 and NNH10AH38I, the STFC and PPARC (UK), the Royal Society of the UK, and by the Leverhulme Trust. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 223 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.3847/0067-0049/223/1/12 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DI0TB UT WOS:000373208900012 ER PT J AU Abrahamsson, S Ilic, R Wisniewski, J Mehl, B Yu, LY Chen, L Davanco, M Oudjedi, L Fiche, JB Hajj, B Jin, X Pulupa, J Cho, C Mir, M El Beheiry, M Darzacq, X Nollmann, M Dahan, M Wu, C Lionnet, T Liddle, JA Bargmann, CI AF Abrahamsson, Sara Ilic, Rob Wisniewski, Jan Mehl, Brian Yu, Liya Chen, Lei Davanco, Marcelo Oudjedi, Laura Fiche, Jean-Bernard Hajj, Bassam Jin, Xin Pulupa, Joan Cho, Christine Mir, Mustafa El Beheiry, Mohamed Darzacq, Xavier Nollmann, Marcelo Dahan, Maxime Wu, Carl Lionnet, Timothee Liddle, J. Alexander Bargmann, Cornelia I. TI Multifocus microscopy with precise color multi-phase diffractive optics applied in functional neuronal imaging SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CELL AB Multifocus microscopy (MFM) allows high-resolution instantaneous three-dimensional (3D) imaging and has been applied to study biological specimens ranging from single molecules inside cells nuclei to entire embryos. We here describe pattern designs and nanofabrication methods for diffractive optics that optimize the light-efficiency of the central optical component of MFM: the diffractive multifocus grating (MFG). We also implement a "precise color" MFM layout with MFGs tailored to individual fluorophores in separate optical arms. The reported advancements enable faster and brighter volumetric time-lapse imaging of biological samples. In live microscopy applications, photon budget is a critical parameter and light-efficiency must be optimized to obtain the fastest possible frame rate while minimizing photodamage. We provide comprehensive descriptions and code for designing diffractive optical devices, and a detailed methods description for nanofabrication of devices. Theoretical efficiencies of reported designs is approximate to 90% and we have obtained efficiencies of > 80% in MFGs of our own manufacture. We demonstrate the performance of a multi-phase MFG in 3D functional neuronal imaging in living C. elegans. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Abrahamsson, Sara; Jin, Xin; Cho, Christine; Bargmann, Cornelia I.] Rockefeller Univ, HHMI, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Abrahamsson, Sara; Jin, Xin; Cho, Christine; Bargmann, Cornelia I.] Rockefeller Univ, Lulu & Anthony Wang Lab Neural Circuits & Behav, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Abrahamsson, Sara; Ilic, Rob; Yu, Liya; Chen, Lei; Davanco, Marcelo; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wisniewski, Jan; Mehl, Brian; Hajj, Bassam; Mir, Mustafa; El Beheiry, Mohamed; Darzacq, Xavier; Dahan, Maxime; Wu, Carl; Lionnet, Timothee] Transcript Imaging Consortium, HHMI Janelia Res Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Oudjedi, Laura; Fiche, Jean-Bernard; Nollmann, Marcelo] Univ Montpellier, INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR5048, Ctr Biochim Struct, 29 Rue Navacelles, F-34090 Montpellier, France. [Pulupa, Joan] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Cellular Biophys, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Mir, Mustafa; Darzacq, Xavier] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [El Beheiry, Mohamed; Dahan, Maxime] Univ Paris 06, Inst Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Lab Physico Chim, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Abrahamsson, S (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, HHMI, New York, NY 10065 USA.; Abrahamsson, S (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lulu & Anthony Wang Lab Neural Circuits & Behav, New York, NY 10065 USA.; Abrahamsson, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.abrahamsson@gmail.com RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Lionnet, Timothee/0000-0003-1508-0202 FU CNF grant [ECCS-15420819]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; European Research Council [ERC-Stg-260787]; California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Research Leadership Grant [LA1-08013] FX We thank John Treichler, Daron Westley, Michael Skvarla, Gary Bordonaro, Meredith Metzler, Sam Stavis and all the excellent staff at the national user facilities CNF (Cornell, Ithaca, NY) and CNST (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) for advice, training, help and guidance in practical nanofabrication. These and other user facilities provide an irreplaceable resource for researchers who wish to develop their theoretical inventions into novel technologies such as advanced optical systems for biological imaging. (CNF grant number: ECCS-15420819). Functional neuronal imaging data was recorded during the Neurobiology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Cape Cod. We thank summer students Nichelle Jackson and Veronica Jove, who took part in recording the functional imaging data, and the entire MBL research community for assistance and inspiration during the course, especially Josh Zimmerberg (NIH) for letting us use his Laser. Special thanks to Uli Hoffman and Gerald Lopez at GenISys for their help in developing conversion methods for Beamer software to accommodate big MFG data files. S.A. is a Leon Levy Postdoctoral Fellow in Neuroscience at the Rockefeller University. C.I.B is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and work in the lab is funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. X.J. is an HHMI predoctoral fellow. J.P. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Gilliam Fellow. Research in M.N.'s group was supported by a European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-Stg-260787). Funding for the Janelia Research Campus groups was provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. M.M. and X.D. are funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Research Leadership Grant (LA1-08013 to X.D.). This paper is written in memory of the late Mats G.L. Gustafsson, with whom the MFM system was originally designed. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 3 BP 855 EP 869 DI 10.1364/BOE.7.000855 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DG4JR UT WOS:000372039000012 PM 27231594 ER PT J AU Kuersten, A AF Kuersten, Andreas TI Strategic Reassurance and Resolve: US-China Relations in the Twenty-First Century SO CHINA QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kuersten, Andreas] US Court Appeals Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20442 USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Kuersten, A (reprint author), US Court Appeals Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20442 USA. EM andreas.kuersten@armfor.uscourts.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0305-7410 EI 1468-2648 J9 CHINA QUART JI China Q. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 225 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1017/S0305741016000096 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA DH5FY UT WOS:000372812700019 ER PT J AU Degheidy, H Abbasi, F Mostowski, H Gaigalas, AK Marti, G Bauer, S Wang, LL AF Degheidy, Heba Abbasi, Fatima Mostowski, Howard Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Marti, Gerald Bauer, Steven Wang, Lili TI Consistent, multi-instrument single tube quantification of CD20 in antibody bound per cell based on CD4 reference SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; CD20 quantification; instrument characterization and standardization; mean; geometric mean fluorescence intensity; antibody bound per cell ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; QUANTITATIVE FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ASSAYS PRACTICE GUIDELINES; ANTI-CD4 FITC ANTIBODY; B-CELLS; HLA-DR; EXPRESSION; FLUORESCEIN; VALIDATION; VARIABLES AB Detecting changes in the expression levels of cell antigens could provide critical information for the diagnosis of many diseases, for example, leukemia, lymphoma, and immunodeficiency diseases, detecting minimal residual disease, monitoring immunotherapies and discovery of meaningful clinical disease markers. One of the most significant challenges in flow cytometry is how to best ensure measurement quality and generate consistent and reproducible inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory results across multiple cytometer platforms and locations longitudinally over time. In a previous study, we developed a procedure for instrument standardization across four different flow cytometer platforms from the same manufacturer. CD19 quantification was performed on three of the standardized instruments relative to CD4 expression on T lymphocytes with a known amount of antibody bound per cell (ABC) as a quantification standard. Consistent and reliable measures of CD19 expression were obtained independent of fluorochrome used demonstrating the utility of this approach. In the present investigation, quantification of CD20 relative to CD4 reference marker was implemented within a single tube containing both antibodies. Relative quantification of CD20 was performed using anti-CD20 antibody (clone L27) in three different fluorochromes relative to anti-CD4 antibody (clone SK3). Our results demonstrated that cell surface marker quantification can be performed robustly using the single tube assay format with novel gating strategies. The ABC values obtained for CD20 expression levels using PE, APC, or PerCP Cy5.5 are consistent over the five different instrument platforms for any given apparently healthy donor independent of the fluorochrome used. (c) 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society C1 [Degheidy, Heba; Abbasi, Fatima; Mostowski, Howard; Bauer, Steven] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; Wang, Lili] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marti, Gerald] FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bauer, S (reprint author), FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM Steven.bauer@fda.hhs.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov FU DCGT; OCTGT; CBER; BBD; MML; NIST FX Grant sponsor: DCGT.; Grant sponsor: OCTGT.; Grant sponsor: CBER.; Grant sponsor: BBD.; Grant sponsor: MML.; Grant sponsor: NIST. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4949 EI 1552-4957 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 90 IS 2 SI SI BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.21253 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA DI3EE UT WOS:000373380400007 PM 26013593 ER PT J AU Vandergast, AG Wood, DA Thompson, AR Fisher, M Barrows, CW Grant, TJ AF Vandergast, Amy G. Wood, Dustin A. Thompson, Andrew R. Fisher, Mark Barrows, Cameron W. Grant, Tyler J. TI Drifting to oblivion? Rapid genetic differentiation in an endangered lizard following habitat fragmentation and drought SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; disturbance; gene flow; genetic diversity ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; COACHELLA VALLEY; UMA-INORNATA; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL DISTURBANCE AB Aim The frequency and severity of habitat alterations and disturbance are predicted to increase in upcoming decades, and understanding how disturbance affects population integrity is paramount for adaptive management. Although rarely is population genetic sampling conducted at multiple time points, pre- and post-disturbance comparisons may provide one of the clearest methods to measure these impacts. We examined how genetic properties of the federally threatened Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) responded to severe drought and habitat fragmentation across its range. Location Coachella Valley, California, USA. Methods We used 11 microsatellites to examine population genetic structure and diversity in 1996 and 2008, before and after a historic drought. We used Bayesian assignment methods and F-statistics to estimate genetic structure. We compared allelic richness across years to measure loss of genetic diversity and employed approximate Bayesian computing methods and heterozygote excess tests to explore the recent demographic history of populations. Finally, we compared effective population size across years and to abundance estimates to determine whether diversity remained low despite post-drought recovery. Results Genetic structure increased between sampling periods, likely as a result of population declines during the historic drought of the late 1990s-early 2000s, and habitat loss and fragmentation that precluded post-drought genetic rescue. Simulations supported recent demographic declines in 3 of 4 main preserves, and in one preserve, we detected significant loss of allelic richness. Effective population sizes were generally low across the range, with estimates <= 100 in most sites. Main conclusions Fragmentation and drought appear to have acted synergistically to induce genetic change over a short time frame. Progressive deterioration of connectivity, low Ne and measurable loss of genetic diversity suggest that conservation efforts have not maintained the genetic integrity of this species. Genetic sampling over time can help evaluate population trends to guide management. C1 [Vandergast, Amy G.; Wood, Dustin A.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fisher, Mark] Univ Calif, PL Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Res Ctr, Nat Reserve Syst, 54900 Desert Res Tr, Indian Wells, CA 92210 USA. [Barrows, Cameron W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92251 USA. [Grant, Tyler J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, 339 Sci 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vandergast, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. EM avandergast@usgs.gov OI Vandergast, Amy/0000-0002-7835-6571; Wood, Dustin/0000-0002-7668-9911 FU Western Ecological Research Center; Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Coachella Valley Habitat Conservation Plan FX Kelly Zamudio and Christopher Phillips provided 1996 samples and localities. Jonathan Richmond and Jeffrey Markert assisted with marker development, and genotyping was performed at the SDSU Microchemical Core Facility. William Watson, Sam McClatchie, Liz Bowen, Shannon Hedtke and two anonymous referees provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Ginny Short and Darrel Hutchinson assisted with 2008 surveys. 2008 samples were collected under USFWS permit FWSCFWO-31. Whitewater samples were collected under USFWS permit TE-837521 of Al Muth. Work was supported by the Western Ecological Research Center, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Coachella Valley Habitat Conservation Plan. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 344 EP 357 DI 10.1111/ddi.12398 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH6EB UT WOS:000372882700009 ER PT J AU McKenna-Lawlor, S Ip, W Jackson, B Odstrcil, D Nieminen, P Evans, H Burch, J Mandt, K Goldstein, R Richter, I Dryer, M AF McKenna-Lawlor, S. Ip, W. Jackson, B. Odstrcil, D. Nieminen, P. Evans, H. Burch, J. Mandt, K. Goldstein, R. Richter, I. Dryer, M. TI Space Weather at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Before its Perihelion SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary scintillation technique; ENLIL modelling; Coronal mass ejections; Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko; Rosetta Mission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ROSETTA PLASMA CONSORTIUM; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; SOLAR; MISSION; SODIUM; MOON; ACCELERATION; TOMOGRAPHY; STREAMER AB Interplanetary scintillation observations, as well as the ENLIL 3D-MHD model when employed either separately or in combination with the observations, enable the making of predictions of the solar wind density and speed at locations in the inner heliosphere. Both methods are utilized here to predict the arrival at the Rosetta spacecraft and its adjacent comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko of, flare related, interplanetary propagating shocks and coronal mass ejections in September 2014. The predictions of density and speed variations at the comet are successfully matched with signatures recorded by the magnetometer and the ion and electron sensor instruments in the Rosetta Plasma Package, thereby providing confidence that the signatures recorded aboard the spacecraft were solar related. The plasma perturbations which were detected some 9-10 days after significant flaring in September 2014 are interpreted to have been signatures of the arrivals of three coronal mass ejection related shocks at the comet. Also, a solar energetic particle event was recorded at 3.7 AU within similar to 30 min of the onset of a flare by the Standard Radiation Monitor aboard Rosetta. C1 [McKenna-Lawlor, S.] NUI Maynooth, Space Technol Ireland Ltd, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Ip, W.] Natl Cent Univ, 300 Chung Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Jackson, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nieminen, P.; Evans, H.] ESAs European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Burch, J.; Mandt, K.; Goldstein, R.] SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX USA. [Richter, I.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr RET, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McKenna-Lawlor, S (reprint author), NUI Maynooth, Space Technol Ireland Ltd, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. EM stil@nuim.ie OI Mandt, Kathleen/0000-0001-8397-3315 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 EI 1573-0794 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD MAR PY 2016 VL 117 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11038-015-9479-5 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA DI0DY UT WOS:000373166500001 ER PT J AU Dolan, TE Patrick, WS Link, JS AF Dolan, Tara E. Patrick, Wesley S. Link, Jason S. TI Delineating the continuum of marine ecosystem-based management: a US fisheries reference point perspective SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision criteria; ecosystem approaches; ecosystem-based management; fisheries management; reference points; science communication ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; FISH COMMUNITY; RESPONSES; OCEAN; GOVERNANCE; STOCK AB Ecosystem management (EM) suffers from linguistic uncertainty surrounding the definition of "EM" and how it can be operationalized. Using fisheries management as an example, we clarify how EM exists in different paradigms along a continuum, starting with a single-species focus and building towards a more systemic and multi-sector perspective. Focusing on the specification of biological and other systemic reference points (SRPs) used in each paradigm and its related regulatory and governance structures, we compare and contrast similarities among these paradigms. We find that although EM is a hierarchical continuum, similar SRPs can be used throughout the continuum, but the scope of these reference points are broader at higher levels of management. This work interprets the current state of the conversation, and may help to clarify the levels of how EM is applied now and how it can be applied in the future, further advancing its implementation. C1 [Dolan, Tara E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Patrick, Wesley S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Patrick, Wesley S.] Minist Environm, 23 Kate Sheppard Pl, Wellington 6143, New Zealand. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Assistant Administrator, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Patrick, WS (reprint author), Minist Environm, 23 Kate Sheppard Pl, Wellington 6143, New Zealand. EM wes.patrick@mfe.govt.nz OI Dolan, Tara/0000-0003-0937-0342 NR 112 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1042 EP 1050 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv242 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DI1CM UT WOS:000373233600006 ER PT J AU Cooper, DW Nichol, DG AF Cooper, Daniel W. Nichol, Daniel G. TI Juvenile northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) spatial distribution and abundance patterns in the eastern Bering Sea: spatially dependent production linked to temperature SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE juvenile; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; Northern rock sole; nursery area; nursery area hypothesis; temperature ID FLATFISH RECRUITMENT RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH POPULATIONS; OCEAN CONDITIONS; VARIABILITY; GROWTH; WARM; ATLANTIC; SHELF AB Annual spatial distribution and relative abundance of age-2 and age-3 northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) and summer bottom temperatures were analysed using data from eastern Bering Sea summer trawl surveys from 1982 through 2012. Previously observed differences in age-0 northern rock sole distribution persisted until age-2 and age-3. Latitudinal distributions of age-2 and age-3 fish were correlated most strongly with summer bottom temperatures 2 and 3 years prior to the survey year, during the time that the fish would have been age-0. Thus, temperature during the age-0 year may affect spatial distribution for the first few years of life. Distribution of age-2 and age-3 fish shifted northwards 2 years after the beginning of a warming trend from 1999 to 2003, and shifted southwards 2 years after a cooling trend from 2004 through 2010. Northerly distributions were correlated with high abundances. Density dependence was ruled out as a reason for northward shifts in distribution given a lack of correlation between latitudinal distributions and the annual abundances within the southern part of the distribution. We propose that the large northern nursery area produces large cohorts of northern rock sole, and that bottom temperatures in the age-0 year affect use of the northern nursery area. C1 [Cooper, Daniel W.; Nichol, Daniel G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cooper, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1224]; University of Alaska FX We thank the scientists and captains and crews of the research vessels involved in the NOAA AFSC EBS shelf trawl and age-0 surveys for collecting the data used in this study. Age-0 distribution data from 2003 was provided by B. Norcross and B. Holladay, University of Alaska Fairbanks and was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1224 with the University of Alaska. We thank Morgan Busby and Lisa DeForest, AFSC Eco-FOCI, for age-0 laboratory identifications. We also thank Kathy Mier, AFSC Eco-FOCI, for assistance with cross-correlation functions, and the AFSC Age and Growth Program age readers who read rock sole otoliths from the EBS from 1982 through 2011. Stan Kotwicki, Robert Lauth, Janet Duffy-Anderson, and Ann Matarese of the AFSC, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript with thoughtful comments of previous drafts. This study is contribution number EcoFOCI-0856 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors an do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1146 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw005 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DI1CM UT WOS:000373233600014 ER PT J AU Goodheart, JA Bazinet, AL Collins, AG Cummings, MP AF Goodheart, J. A. Bazinet, A. L. Collins, A. G. Cummings, M. P. TI Phylogenomics of Cladobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland Coll Pk, College Pk, MD USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM GoodheartJ@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 67-3 BP E77 EP E77 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600308 ER PT J AU Kendall-Bar, JM Weller, D Fearnbach, H Shane, S Schorr, S Falcone, E Calambokidis, J Schulman-Janiger, A Barlow, JP AF Kendall-Bar, J. M. Weller, D. Fearnbach, H. Shane, S. Schorr, S. Falcone, E. Calambokidis, J. Schulman-Janiger, A. Barlow, J. P. TI Using photo-identification data to investigate movement and occurrence patterns of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in the eastern North Pacific SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NMFS, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA USA. EM jmkendallbar@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 65-1 BP E109 EP E109 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600434 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Chow, MI Resner, EJ Dittman, AH Hardy, KM AF Lema, S. C. Chow, M., I Resner, E. J. Dittman, A. H. Hardy, K. M. TI Thyroid hormone signaling and phenotypic divergence in a desert pupfish: interactions among thermal experience, metabolism and morphology SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NWFSC, Niceville, FL USA. NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM slema@calpoly.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 72-1 BP E124 EP E124 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600497 ER PT J AU Marshall, H Bernal, D Skomal, G Richard, B Bushnell, P Whitney, N AF Marshall, H. Bernal, D. Skomal, G. Richard, B. Bushnell, P. Whitney, N. TI Blood stress physiology parameters and mortality rates of sharks after commercial longline capture SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA USA. Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Boston, MA USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. NOAA, St Petersburg, FL USA. Indiana Univ South Bend, Bend, OR USA. EM hmarshall@mote.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P3.95 BP E328 EP E328 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601671 ER PT J AU Mesnick, SL Orbach, DN Danil, K Chivers, SJ Robeck, TR Montano, GA Gulland, F Marshall, CD Dines, J Dean, MD Ralls, K Dixson, AF AF Mesnick, S. L. Orbach, D. N. Danil, K. Chivers, S. J. Robeck, T. R. Montano, G. A. Gulland, F. Marshall, C. D. Dines, J. Dean, M. D. Ralls, K. Dixson, A. F. TI Coevolution of Female and Male Reproductive Tract Anatomy in Cetaceans SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. EM sarah.mesnick@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 5-1 BP E148 EP E148 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457600592 ER PT J AU Nichols, ZG Busch, S Mcelhany, P AF Nichols, Z. G. Busch, S. Mcelhany, P. TI Metabolic response of dungeness crab larvae to varying pH and dissolved oxygen SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM zgnichols@crimson.ua.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P1.87 BP E342 EP E342 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601724 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Holt, MM Dunkin, RC Williams, TM AF Noren, D. P. Holt, M. M. Dunkin, R. C. Williams, T. M. TI Echolocation is Cheap for One Vertebrate: Dolphins Conserve Oxygen while Producing High-Intensity Clicks at Depth SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 28-7 BP E162 EP E162 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601006 ER PT J AU Orbach, DN Marshall, CD Wursig, B Mesnick, SL AF Orbach, D. N. Marshall, C. D. Wuersig, B. Mesnick, S. L. TI Potential evolution and function of vaginal folds in cetaceans SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM orbachd@tamug.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P2.131 BP E345 EP E345 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601736 ER PT J AU Orbach, DN Marshall, CD Wursig, B Mesnick, SL AF Orbach, D. N. Marshall, C. D. Wuersig, B. Mesnick, S. L. TI Variation in Reproductive Tract Morphology of Female Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM orbachd@tamug.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 102-1 BP E165 EP E165 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601018 ER PT J AU Powell, JWB Duffield, DA Kaufman, JJ Wells, RS Mcfee, WE AF Powell, J. W. B. Duffield, D. A. Kaufman, J. J. Wells, R. S. Mcfee, W. E. TI Technological advancements to foster clinical assessment of bone density in live, free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. CyberLogic Inc, New York, NY USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago, IL USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM james.powell@pdx.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 97-6 BP E175 EP E175 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601060 ER PT J AU Stillman, JH Fay, S Swiney, K Foy, R AF Stillman, J. H. Fay, S. Swiney, K. Foy, R. TI Transcriptomic response of juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 SF State Univ, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Invitae, San Francisco, CA USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM stillmaj@sfsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 39-3 BP E213 EP E213 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601210 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Obaza, AK Ginsburg, DW AF Tanner, R. L. Obaza, A. K. Ginsburg, D. W. TI Secondary Productivity and Habitat Composition of Eelgrass Beds in a Southern California Marine Protected Area SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM rtanner@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 6-2 BP E218 EP E218 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601231 ER PT J AU Volkel, SL Volkel, S AF Volkel, S. L. Volkel, Shea TI Fish distribution during smolt migration in the Penobscot Estuary, ME SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 NMFS NEFSC Maine Field Stn, NOAA Hollings Scholarship Program, Orono, ME USA. Univ N Carolina, NOAA, Wilmington, NC USA. EM shea.volkel@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA 119-6 BP E230 EP E230 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601280 ER PT J AU Wright, AJ Hyde, JR Wegner, NC AF Wright, A. J. Hyde, J. R. Wegner, N. C. TI Gill morphology, movements, and in vivo temperature measurements of an endothermic fish, the opah, Lampris guttatus. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 [Wright, A. J.; Hyde, J. R.; Wegner, N. C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. EM alexander.wright@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 56 SU 1 MA P1.40 BP E397 EP E397 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DH0FJ UT WOS:000372457601946 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, A Zhang, PF Reeves, H Kumjian, M Tschallener, T Tromel, S Simmer, C AF Ryzhkov, Alexander Zhang, Pengfei Reeves, Heather Kumjian, Matthew Tschallener, Timo Troemel, Silke Simmer, Clemens TI Quasi-Vertical Profiles-A New Way to Look at Polarimetric Radar Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars/Radar observations; Remote sensing ID BACKSCATTER DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; MELTING LAYER; PRECIPITATION AB A novel methodology is introduced for processing and presenting polarimetric data collected by weather surveillance radars. It involves azimuthal averaging of radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity Z(DR), cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv), and differential phase phi(DP) at high antenna elevation, and presenting resulting quasi-vertical profiles (QVPs) in a height-versus-time format. Multiple examples of QVPs retrieved from the data collected by S-, C-, and X-band dual-polarization radars at elevations ranging from 6.4 degrees to 28 degrees illustrate advantages of the QVP technique. The benefits include an ability to examine the temporal evolution of microphysical processes governing precipitation production and to compare polarimetric data obtained from the scanning surveillance weather radars with observations made by vertically looking remote sensors, such as wind profilers, lidars, radiometers, cloud radars, and radars operating on spaceborne and airborne platforms. Continuous monitoring of the melting layer and the layer of dendritic growth with high vertical resolution, and the possible opportunity to discriminate between the processes of snow aggregation and riming, constitute other potential benefits of the suggested methodology. C1 [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei; Reeves, Heather] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Zhang, Pengfei; Reeves, Heather] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tschallener, Timo; Troemel, Silke; Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. RP Ryzhkov, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013 OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. National Weather Service; U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars; U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program [ER65459]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1143948]; Federal Aviation Administration; BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 [SFB/TR 32]; DFG (German Research Foundation) FX Funding for the study was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the U.S. National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and U.S. Department of Defense program for modernization of NEXRAD radars. Additional support was given from the Grant ER65459 by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program and Grant AGS-1143948 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Research based on the Bonn X-band radar was carried out in the framework of the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (http://www.herz-tb1.uni-bonn.de/), funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development), and the SFB/TR 32 (Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32; http://www.tr32.de/), funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 33 IS 3 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0020.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH4XU UT WOS:000372789700003 ER PT J AU Rudlosky, SD Nichols, MA Meyers, PC Wheeler, DF AF Rudlosky, Scott D. Nichols, Meredith A. Meyers, Patrick C. Wheeler, David F. TI Seasonal and Annual Validation of Operational Satellite Precipitation Estimates SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; ALGORITHM; RESOLUTION AB This study analyzes the performance of five satellite-derived precipitation products relative to ground-based gauge observations. The satellite products estimate precipitation using passive microwave (PMW) and/or infrared (IR) observations. Differences in these observation methods lead to seasonal and regional biases that influence the operational utility of the satellite precipitation estimates. In turn, these products require informed interpretation by forecasters. Five years of daily satellite precipitation estimates (2010-14) are composited into two types of seasonal and annual maps to characterize performance. The seasonal composites reveal positive biases during summer and greater variability among satellite products during winter. Each satellite product overestimates the maximum daily precipitation relative to gauge throughout much of the central and eastern United States. In this region, the 95th percentile of gauge-reported daily precipitation values generally range between 20 and 40 mm day(-1), whereas the satellite-reported values generally exceed 40 mm day(-1). Winter exhibits greater variability among satellite products with a mix of both positive and negative biases. The bias magnitudes are greater and the spatial correlations are lower (i.e., the composite maps are less similar) during winter than during summer. The IR-based products generally overestimate winter precipitation north of 36 degrees N, and the PMW-based products performed poorly in mountainous regions along the West Coast. These results characterize biases in satellite precipitation estimates to better inform the user community and help researchers improve future versions of their operational products. C1 [Rudlosky, Scott D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Nichols, Meredith A.; Meyers, Patrick C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wheeler, David F.] Iteris Inc, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Rudlosky, SD (reprint author), 5825 Univ Res Ct,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM scott.rudlosky@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC PI NORMAN PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA SN 2325-6184 J9 J OPER METEOROL JI J. Oper. Meteorol. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 58 EP 74 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH6MS UT WOS:000372905400001 ER PT J AU Harris, HS Benson, SR James, MC Martin, KJ Stacy, BA Daoust, PY Rist, PM Work, TM Balazs, GH Seminoff, JA AF Harris, Heather S. Benson, Scott R. James, Michael C. Martin, Kelly J. Stacy, Brian A. Daoust, Pierre-Yves Rist, Paul M. Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI VALIDATION OF ULTRASOUND AS A NONINVASIVE TOOL TO MEASURE SUBCUTANEOUS FAT DEPTH IN LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Body condition; Dermochelys coriacea; fat; health; leatherback sea turtle; ultrasound ID THICKNESS; LIPIDS AB Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) undergo substantial cyclical changes in body condition between foraging and nesting. Ultrasonography has been used to measure subcutaneous fat as an indicator of body condition in many species but has not been applied in sea turtles. To validate this technique in leatherback turtles, ultrasound images were obtained from 36 live-captured and dead-stranded immature and adult turtles from foraging and nesting areas in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Ultrasound measurements were compared with direct measurements from surgical biopsy or necropsy. Tissue architecture was confirmed histologically in a subset of turtles. The dorsal shoulder region provided the best site for differentiation of tissues. Maximum fat depth values with the front flipper in a neutral (45-908) position demonstrated good correlation with direct measurements. Ultrasound-derived fat measurements may be used in the future for quantitative assessment of body condition as an index of health in this critically endangered species. C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Benson, Scott R.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [James, Michael C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Martin, Kelly J.] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. [Stacy, Brian A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, POB 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Daoust, Pierre-Yves; Rist, Paul M.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 5231, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Balazs, George H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Martin, Kelly J.] Project Leatherback Inc, 3330 Fairchild Gardens Ave 31061, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 USA. RP Harris, HS (reprint author), Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM heathersharris@gmail.com FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis FX This project was supported in part by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Oil Spill Response Trust Fund through the Oiled Wildlife Care Network at the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Field work was conducted under permits from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (1596-01, 1596-03, and 15634), the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Marine Turtle Permit (157), and Fisheries and Oceans Canada License 332697. All live animal procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) through Moss Landing Marine Laboratories/San Jose State University Research Foundation (974). The authors thank C. Harms, M. Boor, J. Mellish, and C. Harvey-Clark for valuable scientific input; C. Fahy from the NOAA West Coast Regional Office; J. Douglas from the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; the in-water capture and aerial teams from NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center and Canadian Sea Turtle Network; the necropsy teams from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Atlantic Veterinary College, and NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, especially T. Jones; C. Innis, J. Cavin, and the New England Aquarium Departments of Animal Health and Rescue and Rehabilitation; C. Johnson and the leatherback field research team from the Loggerhead Marinelife Center; marine wildlife stranding networks in the United States and Canada; and the NOAA Pacific Islands longline fisheries observer program. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 EI 1937-2825 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 47 IS 1 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DI0TU UT WOS:000373211000031 PM 27010287 ER PT J AU Wu, ZY Yang, WS Shi, SB Ishii, M AF Wu, Zeyun Yang, Won Sik Shi, Shanbin Ishii, Mamoru TI A Core Design Study for a Small Modular Boiling Water Reactor with Long-Life Core SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiling water reactor; long-life core; small modular reactor AB This paper presents the core design and performance characteristics of the Novel Modular Reactor (NMR-50), a 50-MW(electric) small modular reactor. NMR-50 is a boiling water reactor with natural-circulation cooling and two layers of passive safety systems that enable the reactor to withstand prolonged station blackout and loss of ultimate heat sink accidents. The main goal in the core design is to achieve a long-life core (similar to 10 years) without refueling for deployment in remote sites. Through assembly design studies with the CASMO-4 lattice code and coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulic core analyses with the PARCS and RELAP5 codes, a preliminary NMR-50 core design has been developed to meet the 10-year cycle length with an average fuel enrichment of 4.75 wt% and a maximum enrichment of 5.0 wt%. The calculated fuel temperature coefficient and coolant void coefficient provide adequate negative reactivity feedbacks. The maximum fuel linear power density throughout the 10-year burn cycle is 18.7 kW/m, and the minimum critical power ratio is 2.07, both of which meet the selected design limits with significant margins. Preliminary safety analyses using the RELAP5 code show that the core will remain covered during the entire transient procedure of two design-basis loss-of-coolant accidents. These results indicate that the targeted 10-year cycle length is achievable while satisfying the operation and safety-related design criteria with sufficient margins. C1 [Wu, Zeyun; Yang, Won Sik; Shi, Shanbin; Ishii, Mamoru] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wu, Zeyun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, ZY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Wu, ZY (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yang494@purdue.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP) FX This research is being performed using funding received from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP). The first author would also like to thank Y. Xu from the Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences at the University of Michigan for constantly providing assistance on PARCS inputs. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 193 IS 3 BP 364 EP 374 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA DH9DP UT WOS:000373096900002 ER PT J AU Sandberg, M Knill, E Kapit, E Vissers, MR Pappas, DP AF Sandberg, Martin Knill, Emanuel Kapit, Eliot Vissers, Michael R. Pappas, David P. TI Efficient quantum state transfer in an engineered chain of quantum bits SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Quantum state transport; Spin chain; Superconducting qubits ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; ERROR-DETECTION; COMMUNICATION; PROCESSOR AB We present a method of performing quantum state transfer in a chain of superconducting quantum bits. Our protocol is based on engineering the energy levels of the qubits in the chain and tuning them all simultaneously with an external flux bias. The system is designed to allow sequential adiabatic state transfers, resulting in on-demand quantum state transfer from one end of the chain to the other. Numerical simulations of the master equation using realistic parameters for capacitive nearest-neighbor coupling, energy relaxation, and dephasing show that fast, high-fidelity state transfer should be feasible using this method. C1 [Sandberg, Martin; Knill, Emanuel; Vissers, Michael R.; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sandberg, Martin] IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Kapit, Eliot] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Initiat Theoret Sci, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mosandbe@us.ibm.com; David.Pappas@NIST.gov FU Laboratory for Physical Sciences, IARPA; Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Laboratory for Physical Sciences, IARPA, and the Joint Quantum Institute. This work is property of the US Government and not subject to copyright. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 EI 1573-1332 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 15 IS 3 SI SI BP 1213 EP 1224 DI 10.1007/s11128-015-1152-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DH6BX UT WOS:000372877100011 ER EF